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Spece H, Ouellette ES, Klein GR, Mont MA, Kurtz SM. Are Corrosion and Material Loss a Threat for Titanium-Titanium Tapers in Total Hip Arthroplasty Modular Acetabular Components? J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:1602-1608. [PMID: 38070717 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research has reported on fretting corrosion and material loss for a variety of metal taper interfaces in orthopedic devices. For modular acetabular shell-liner constructs, the interfaces studied thus far have consisted of mixed-metal pairings, and the risk of fretting corrosion and material loss for the all-titanium (Ti) shell-liner taper junction in one ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) design remains poorly understood. We asked: do Ti shell-liner taper interfaces in COC total hip arthroplasty devices show in vivo evidence of (1) fretting and/or corrosion, and (2) quantifiable potential material loss? METHODS We examined 22 shell-liner pairs and 22 single liners from retrieved COC components. The taper interface surfaces were assessed for fretting corrosion using a semiquantitative scoring method and imaged with scanning electron microscopy. A subcohort of components was measured with a coordinate measuring machine, and volumetric material loss and maximum wear depth were calculated. RESULTS Fretting corrosion at the taper interfaces was minimal to mild for 95% of liners and 100% of shells. Imaging revealed fretting marks within a band of corrosion on some implants and evidence of corrosion not in the proximity of mechanical damage. Estimated material loss ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 mm3 for liners, and 0.5 to 1.1 mm3 for shells. Maximum wear depth for all components was 0.03 mm or less. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that, compared to other taper junctions in total joint arthroplasty, the risk of corrosion and material loss may be minimal for Ti shell-liner interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Spece
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Science, Engineering, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Gregg R Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Science, Engineering, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Solou K, Panagopoulos A, Tatani I, Megas P. Fracture of femoral neck in modular total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review of the literature. Hip Int 2024; 34:409-420. [PMID: 37932248 DOI: 10.1177/11207000231211253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modular femoral stems have the advantage of anatomic hip reconstruction by restoring the femoral offset thus minimising the bearing surface wear, implant loosening and dislocation. AIM This study aims to investigate the existing literature on modular neck fractures, to identify predisposing factors and guide the decision-making process in the management of these difficult cases. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted until July 2022. PRISMA guidelines were followed, eligibility criteria were set, and methodology assessment of included studies was conducted based on MINORS criteria, size and primary outcome. Data were extracted and analysed thoroughly. RESULTS 5657 studies were initially screened; the full texts of 124 records were assessed and finally, 32 reports were included. There were 7 clinical studies and 25 case reports. A total of 4825 patients (5204 hips) with a mean age 62.38 years and a mean BMI 29.06 kg/m2 were analysed in the 7 clinical studies. The reported overall weighted revision rate was 0.86%, while the weighted mean modular neck fracture rate was 0.26%. The usual history was sudden experience of hip pain and instability. The average time interval to neck fracture was 4.57 (range 3-4.7) years and a long modular neck was identified in 91.17% of them. Data from case reports showed a mean age and average BMI of 55.85 and 31.63 kg/m2. 82.35% of the patients were male. Necks were fractured after an average time interval of 64.5 ± 8.8 months. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of modular neck fracture is significant. The profile of a male, obese patient with a long modular neck increased risk of neck fracture. Microstructural investigation of the retrieved implants demonstrated a higher incidence of fracture line in the base of the neck junction and at its anterolateral distal part. Surgeons should be aware of this complication while using or revising such protheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Panagopoulos
- Faculty of Medicine, Patras University, Patra, Greece
- Orthopaedic Department, Patras General University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Irini Tatani
- Faculty of Medicine, Patras University, Patra, Greece
- Orthopaedic Department, Patras General University Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Megas
- Faculty of Medicine, Patras University, Patra, Greece
- Orthopaedic Department, Patras General University Hospital, Patras, Greece
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Fischer A, Telouk P, Beckmann C, Heermant S, Wittrock A, Debus J, Wimmer MA. Performance of Austenitic High-Nitrogen Steels under Gross Slip Fretting Corrosion in Bovine Serum. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:110. [PMID: 38667567 PMCID: PMC11051106 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Modular artificial hip joints are a clinical standard today. However, the release of wear products from the head-taper interface, which includes wear particles in the nm size range, as well as metal ions, have raised concerns. Depending on the loading of such taper joints, a wide variety of different mechanisms have been found by retrieval analyses. From these, this paper concentrates on analyzing the contribution of gross slip fretting corrosion at ultra-mild wear rates using a bovine calf serum solution (BCS) as the lubricant. The parameters were chosen based on biomechanical considerations, producing wear rates of some ng/m wear path. In parallel, the evolution of tribomaterial (third bodies) was analyzed as to its constituents and generation rates. It has already been shown earlier that, by an advantageous combination of wear mechanisms and submechanisms, certain constituents of the tribomaterial remain inside the contact area and act like extreme-pressure lubricant additives. For the known wear and corrosion resistance of austenitic high-nitrogen steels (AHNSs), which outperform CoCrMo alloys even under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that such steels will generate ultra-mild wear rates under gross slip fretting. While testing AHNSs against commercially available biomedical-grade materials of CoCrMo and TiAlV alloys, as well as zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) and against itself, it was found that AHNSs in combination with a Ti6Al4V alloy generated the smallest wear rate under gross slip fretting corrosion. This paper then discusses the wear behavior on the basis of ex situ analyses of the worn surfaces as to the acting wear mechanisms and submechanisms, as well as to the tribological reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, 40237 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Philipe Telouk
- Laboratoire de Géologie, Université de Lyon, 69342 Lyon, France;
| | - Christian Beckmann
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.B.); (S.H.); (A.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Saskia Heermant
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.B.); (S.H.); (A.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Adrian Wittrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.B.); (S.H.); (A.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Jörg Debus
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.B.); (S.H.); (A.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Markus A. Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Kanniyappan H, Cheng KY, Badhe RV, Neto M, Bijukumar D, Barba M, Pourzal R, Mathew M. Investigation of cell-accelerated corrosion (CAC) on the CoCrMo alloy with segregation banding: Hip implant applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106449. [PMID: 38387118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal alloy microstructure plays a crucial role in corrosion associated with total hip replacement (THR). THR is a prominent strategy that uses metal implants such as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys due to their advantageous biological and mechanical properties. Despite all benefits, these implants undergo corrosion and wear processes in-vivo in a synergistic manner called tribocorrosion. Also, the implant retrieval findings reported that fretting corrosion occurred in-vivo, evidenced by the damage patterns that appeared on the THR junction interfaces. There is no scientific data on the studies reporting the fretting corrosion patterns of CoCrMo microstructures in the presence of specific biological treatments to date. In the current study, Flat-on-flat fretting corrosion set-up was customized and used to study the tribocorrosion patterns of fretting corrosion to understand the role of alloy microstructure. Alloy microstructural differences were created with the implant stock metal's longitudinal and transverse cutting orientations. As a result, the transverse created the non-banded, homogenous microstructure, whereas the longitudinal cut resulted in the banded, non-homogenous microstructure on the surface of the alloy (in this manuscript, the terms homogenous and banded were used). The induced currents were monitored using a three-electrode system. Three different types of electrolytes were utilized to study the fretting corrosion patterns with both homogeneous and banded microstructures: 1. Control media 2. Spent media (the macrophage cell cultured media) 3. Challenged media (media collected after the macrophage was treated with CoCrMo particles). From the electrochemical results, in the potentiostat conditions, the banded group exhibited a higher induced current in both challenged and spent electrolyte environments than in control due to the synergistic activity of CoCrMo particles and macrophage demonstrating more corrosion loss. Additionally, both Bode and Nyquist plots reported a clear difference between the banded and homogeneous microstructure, especially with challenged electrolytes becoming more corrosion-resistant post-fretting than pre-fretting results. The banded microstructure showed a unique shape of the fretting loop, which may be due to tribochemical reactions. Therefore, from the electrochemical, mechanical, and surface analysis data results, the transverse/homogenous/non-banded alloy microstructure groups show a higher resistance to fretting-corrosion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Kanniyappan
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research (RMDR) Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, UICOM, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Kai-Yuan Cheng
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research (RMDR) Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, UICOM, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Ravindra V Badhe
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research (RMDR) Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, UICOM, Rockford, IL, USA; Marathwada Mitra Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | | | - Divya Bijukumar
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research (RMDR) Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, UICOM, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Mark Barba
- Dept of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mathew Mathew
- Regenerative Medicine and Disability Research (RMDR) Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, UICOM, Rockford, IL, USA.
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Godoy M, Sipek K, Gustafson JA, Yuh C, Levine BR, Pourzal R, Lundberg HJ. Effect of Femoral Head Material, Surgeon Experience, and Assembly Technique on Simulated Head-Neck Total Hip Arthroplasty Impaction Forces. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:507-513.e1. [PMID: 37598779 PMCID: PMC10850914 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no standard method for assembling the femoral head onto the femoral stem during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to measure and record dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) THA head-neck assembly loads from residents, fellows, and attending surgeons, for metal and ceramic femoral heads. METHODS An instrumented apparatus measured dynamic 3D forces applied through the femoral stem taper in vitro for 31 surgeons (11 attendings, 14 residents, 6 fellows) using their preferred technique (ie, number of hits or mallet strikes). Outcome variables included peak axial force, peak resultant force, impulse of the resultant force, loading rate of the resultant force, and off-axis angle. They were compared between femoral head material, surgeon experience level, and the number of hits per trial. RESULTS Average peak axial force was 6.92 ± 2.11kN for all surgeons. No significant differences were found between femoral head material. Attendings applied forces more "on-axis" as compared to both residents and fellows. Nine surgeons assembled the head with 1 hit, 3 with 2 hits, 14 with 3 hits, 2 with 4 hits, and 3 with ≥5 hits. The first hit of multihit trials was significantly lower than single-hit trials for all outcome measures except the off-axis angle. The last hit of multihit trials had a significantly lower impulse of resultant force than single-hit trials. CONCLUSION Differences in applied 3D force-time curve dynamic characteristics were found between surgeon experience level and single and multihit trials. No significant differences were found between femoral head material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Godoy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kirsten Sipek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Catherine Yuh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Brett R. Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Hannah J. Lundberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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Diaz-Lopez RA, Wen PH, Shelton JC. Influence of Taper surface topographies on contact deformation and stresses. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106213. [PMID: 37952504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of bore and trunnion surface topography on the failure rate of total hip joint replacements due to trunnionosis is not clear despite significant variations in the design of taper components between manufacturers. Taper surface topography, along with other taper design parameters such as clearance, diameter, and assembly force, determine the initial interlock of the contacting surfaces after assembly; this has been related to relative motions that can cause fretting and corrosion at the taper interface. However, in most in-silico parametrical taper studies associated with taper micromotions, the bore and trunnion surfaces have been simplified using a flat surface and/or sinusoidal functions to mimic the surface roughness. The current study tests the hypothesis that the use of simple geometrical functions for the taper surface topography can predict the surface mechanics developed in assembled tapers. Measured and simulated surfaces of bores and trunnions were characterised using common roughness parameters and spectral density estimations. Using the same characterised surface profiles, 2D Finite Element (FE) models of CoCr alloy femoral heads and Ti alloy trunnions were developed. Models simulated assembly conditions at different resultant forces ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 kN, contact conditions were determined and associated with their topographical characteristics. Measured surfaces of bore and trunnion components comprise up to seven dominant spatial frequencies. Flattening of the trunnion microgrooved peaks was observed during the assembly of the taper. When the femoral head bore and trunnion topography were both considered a reduced number of microgrooved peaks were in contact, from 51 in an idealised taper surfaces to 35 in measured surfaces using an assembly reaction force of 4 kN. The contact points in the models developed high plastic strains, which were greater than that associated with failure of the material. Results showed that line and sine wave functions over estimate contact points at the taper interface compared to those surfaces that consider roughness and peak variation. These findings highlight the important role of modelling the full surface topography on the taper contact mechanics, as surface variations in the roughness and waviness change the performance of tapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Diaz-Lopez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - P H Wen
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - J C Shelton
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Olšovská E, Čabanová K, Motyka O, Kryštofová HB, Matějková P, Voves J, Židlík V, Madeja R, Demel J, Halfar J, Kukutschová J. Simple method for quantification of metal-based particles in biopsy samples of patients with long bone implants - Pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 103:104282. [PMID: 37769889 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of particles fixed in tissue samples due to implant degradation or disintegration plays an important role in post-operative complications. The ability to determine the size, shape, chemical composition and, above all, the number of these particles can be used in many areas of medicine. This study presents a novel, simple metal-based particle detection method using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The presence of metal particles in biopsy specimens from long bone nail-fixated implants (10 patients with titanium steel nails and 10 patients with stainless steel nails) was studied. The samples were analysed using automated area analysis based on image binarization and brightness to 255 grayscale. The results were supplemented with histological data and statistically analysed. The method based on the software used was found to be accurate and easy to use and, thus, appears to be very suitable for particle detection in similar samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Olšovská
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristina Čabanová
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bielniková Kryštofová
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava-Poruba 708 52, Czech Republic; Institute of Emergency, Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matějková
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voves
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava-Poruba 708 52, Czech Republic; Institute of Emergency, Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Židlík
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava-Poruba 708 52, Czech Republic; Institute of Emergency, Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Madeja
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava-Poruba 708 52, Czech Republic; Institute of Emergency, Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Demel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava-Poruba 708 52, Czech Republic; Institute of Emergency, Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Halfar
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mining and Geology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kukutschová
- Faculty of Material Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Innovation Technologies, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
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Mathew MT, Cheng KY, Sun Y, Barao VAR. The Progress in Tribocorrosion Research (2010-21): Focused on the Orthopedics and Dental Implants. JOURNAL OF BIO- AND TRIBO-CORROSION 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 38525435 PMCID: PMC10959289 DOI: 10.1007/s40735-023-00767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Tribocorrosion is an integration of two areas-tribology and corrosion. It can be defined as the material degradation caused by the combined effect of corrosion and tribological process at the material interfaces. Significant development has occurred in the field of tribocorrosion over the past years. This development is due to its applications in various fields, such as aerospace, marine, biomedical, and space. Focusing on biomedical applications, tribocorrosion finds its applications in the implants used in cardiovascular, spine, orthopedics, trauma, and dental areas. It was reported that around 7.2 million Americans are living with joint implants. Implant surgery is a traumatic and expensive procedure. Tribocorrosion can affect the lifespan of the implants, thus leading to implant failure and a potential cause of revision surgery. Hence, it is essential to understand how tribocorrosion works, its interaction with the implants, and what procedures can be implemented to protect materials from tribocorrosion. This paper discusses how tribocorrosion research has evolved over the past 11 years (2010-2021). This is a comprehensive overview of tribocorrosion research in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, UIC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kai-yuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Biomedical Science, UIC College of Medicine, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Valentim A. R. Barao
- Departament of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
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9
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Khandelwal G, Roychoudhury A, Bhutia O, Shariff A. Longitudinal surveillance of serum titanium ion levels in patients with indigenous 3D printed total temporomandibular joint replacement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7275. [PMID: 37142652 PMCID: PMC10160034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to surveil the serum titanium ion levels at various time intervals in patients with indigenous 3D-printed total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ TJR). The study was conducted on 11 patients (male: 8; female: 3) who had undergone unilateral or bilateral TMJ TJR. Blood samples were drawn preoperatively (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) postoperatively. Data were analyzed and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean serum titanium ion levels at T0, T1, T2, and T3 was 9.34 ± 8.70 µg/L (mcg/L), 35.97 ± 20.27 mcg/L, 31.68 ± 17.03 mcg/L, and 47.91 ± 15.47 mcg/L respectively. The mean serum titanium ion levels increased significantly at T1 (p = 0.009), T2 (p = 0.032), and T3 (p = 0.00) interval. There was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral groups. Serum titanium ion continued to show increased levels till the last follow-up of 1 year. These initial serum titanium ion levels increase is due to the initial wear phase of the prosthesis which manifests over 1 year. Further studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are required to see the deleterious effect if any on the TMJ TJR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Khandelwal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ongkila Bhutia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - A Shariff
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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10
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McCarthy SM, Hall DJ, Mell SP, Levine BR, Jacobs JJ, Pourzal R. Has wrought Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy changed for the worse over time? J Arthroplasty 2023:S0883-5403(23)00341-8. [PMID: 37028774 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure due to tribocorrosion of modular junctions and resulting adverse local tissue reactions to corrosion debris have seemingly increased over the past few decades. Recent studies have found that chemically-induced column damage seen on the inner head taper is enabled by banding in the alloy microstructure of wrought cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy femoral heads, and is associated with more material loss than other tribocorrosion processes. It is unclear if alloy banding represents a recent phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine THAs implanted in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s to determine if alloy microstructure and implant susceptibility to severe damage has increased over time. METHODS Five hundred and forty-five modular heads were assessed for damage severity and grouped based on decade of implantation to serve as a proxy measure for manufacturing date. A subset of heads (n=120) was then processed for metallographic analysis to visualize alloy banding. RESULTS We found that damage score distribution was consistent over the time periods, but the incidence of column damage significantly increased between the 1990s and 2000s. Banding also increased from the 1990s to 2000s, but both column damage and banding levels appear to recover slightly in the 2010s. CONCLUSION Banding, which provides preferential corrosion sites enabling column damage, has increased over the last three decades. No difference between manufacturers was seen, which may be explained by shared suppliers of bar stock material. These findings are important as banding can be avoidable, reducing the risk of severe column damage to THA modular junctions and failure due to adverse local tissue reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M McCarthy
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
| | - Deborah J Hall
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Steven P Mell
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Brett R Levine
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Joshua J Jacobs
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
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11
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McCarty CP, Nazif MA, Sangiorgio SN, Ebramzadeh E, Park SH. Can severity of trunnion damage be estimated by visual inspection alone? Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:155-164. [PMID: 37051817 PMCID: PMC10072233 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.123.bjr-2022-0099.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Taper corrosion has been widely reported to be problematic for modular total hip arthroplasty implants. A simple and systematic method to evaluate taper damage with sufficient resolution is needed. We introduce a semiquantitative grading system for modular femoral tapers to characterize taper corrosion damage. After examining a unique collection of retrieved cobalt-chromium (CoCr) taper sleeves (n = 465) using the widely-used Goldberg system, we developed an expanded six-point visual grading system intended to characterize the severity, visible material loss, and absence of direct component contact due to corrosion. Female taper sleeve damage was evaluated by three blinded observers using the Goldberg scoring system and the expanded system. A subset (n = 85) was then re-evaluated following destructive cleaning, using both scoring systems. Material loss for this subset was quantified using metrology and correlated with both scoring systems. There was substantial agreement in grading among all three observers with uncleaned (n = 465) and with the subset of cleaned (n = 85) implants. The expanded scoring criteria provided a wider distribution of scores which ultimately correlated well with corrosion material loss. Cleaning changed the average scores marginally using the Goldberg criteria (p = 0.290); however, using the VGS, approximately 40% of the scores for all observers changed, increasing the average score from 4.24 to 4.35 (p = 0.002). There was a strong correlation between measured material loss and new grading scores. The expanded scoring criteria provided a wider distribution of scores which ultimately correlated well with corrosion material loss. This system provides potential advantages for assessing taper damage without requiring specialized imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P McCarty
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children and UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad A Nazif
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children and UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sophia N Sangiorgio
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children and UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Edward Ebramzadeh
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children and UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children and UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Gustafson JA, Mell S, Levine BR, Pourzal R, Lundberg HJ. Interaction of surface topography and taper mismatch on head-stem modular junction contact mechanics during assembly in modern total hip replacement. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:418-425. [PMID: 35488727 PMCID: PMC9617811 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Implant failure due to fretting corrosion at the head-stem modular junction is an increasing problem in modular total hip arthroplasty. The effect of varying microgroove topography on modular junction contact mechanics has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to employ a novel, microgrooved finite element (FEA) model of the hip taper interface and assess the role of microgroove geometry and taper mismatch angle on the modular junction mechanics during assembly. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric FEA model was created using a modern 12/14 taper design of a CoCrMo femoral head taper and Ti6Al4V stem taper. Microgrooves were modeled at the contacting interface of the tapers and varied based on height and spacing measurements obtained from a repository of measured retrievals. Additionally, taper angular mismatch between the head and stem was varied to simulate proximal- and distal-locked engagement. Forty simulations were conducted to parametrically evaluate the effects of microgroove surface topography and angular mismatch on predicted contact area, contact pressure, and equivalent plastic strain. Multiple linear regression analysis was highly significant (p < 0.001; R2 > 0.74) for all outcome variables. The regression analysis identified microgroove geometry on the head taper to have the greatest influence on modular junction contact mechanics. Additionally, there was a significant second order relationship between both peak contact pressure (p < 0.001) and plastic strain (p < 0.001) with taper mismatch angle. These modeling techniques will be used to identify the implant parameters that maximize taper interference strength via large in-silico parametric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Mell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett R. Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hannah J. Lundberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Hornung AL, Hall DJ, Je M, Wright JL, Nicholson GP, Garrigues GE, Pourzal R. Do total shoulder arthroplasty implants corrode? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2381-2391. [PMID: 35671932 PMCID: PMC9588611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has become the gold-standard treatment to relieve joint pain and disability in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis who do not respond to conservative treatment. An adverse reaction to metal debris released due to fretting corrosion has been a major concern in total hip arthroplasty. To date, it is unclear how frequently implant corrosion occurs in TSA and whether it is a cause of implant failure. This study aimed to characterize and quantify corrosion and fretting damage in a single anatomic TSA design and to compare the outcomes to the established outcomes of total hip arthroplasty. METHODS We analyzed 21 surgically retrieved anatomic TSAs of the same design (Tornier Aequalis Pressfit). The retrieved components were microscopically examined for taper corrosion, and taper damage was scored. Head and stem taper damage was quantitatively measured with a non-contact optical coordinate-measuring machine. In selected cases, damage was further characterized at high magnifications using scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and metallographic evaluations were performed to determine underlying alloy microstructure and composition. Comparisons between groups with different damage features were performed with independent-samples t tests; Mann-Whitney tests and multivariate linear regression were conducted to correlate damage with patient factors. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS The average material loss for head and stem tapers was 0.007 mm3 and 0.001 mm3, respectively. Material loss was not correlated with sex, age, previous implant, or time in situ (P > .05). We observed greater volume loss in head tapers compared with stem tapers (P = .002). Implants with evidence of column damage had larger volumetric material loss than those without such evidence (P = .003). Column damage aligned with segregation bands within the alloy (preferential corrosion sites). The average angular mismatch was 0.03° (standard deviation, 0.0668°), with negative values indicating distal engagement and positive values indicating proximal engagement. Implants with proximal engagement were significantly more likely to have column damage than those with distal engagement (P = .030). DISCUSSION This study has shown not only that the metal components of TSA implants can corrode but also that the risk of corrosion can be reduced by (1) eliminating preferential corrosion sites and (2) ensuring distal engagement to prevent fluid infiltration into the modular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Hornung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah J Hall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mable Je
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory P Nicholson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grant E Garrigues
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Manthe J, Cheng KY, Bijukumar D, Barba M, Pourzal R, Neto M, Mathew MT. Hip implant modular junction: The role of CoCrMo alloy microstructure on fretting-corrosion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105402. [PMID: 36041275 PMCID: PMC10507884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy is one of the most used metals in total hip replacement (THR) due to the alloy's superior corrosion qualities and biocompatibility. Over time these prostheses may undergo wear and corrosion processes in a synergistic process known as tribocorrosion. Implant retrieval studies have shown that damage patterns on THR modular junction surfaces indicating specifically in vivo fretting-corrosion to take place. To date, there have been no studies on the fretting-corrosion behaviors of CoCrMo alloy under the consideration of specific microstructural features. A custom-built flat-on-flat fretting-corrosion setup was utilized to test the synergistic tribocorrosion behavior of fretting-corrosion. The difference in microstructure was generated through the cutting orientations of the transverse and the longitudinal direction of the bar stock material, where the longitudinal cut exhibits a characteristic banded microstructure (banded group) and the transverse cut a homogenous microstructure (unbanded group). A three-electrode system was employed to monitor the induced currents. Two different types of electrolytes were used in the current study: 1. Bovine calf serum (BCS-30 g/L protein) (normal conditions) 2. BCS with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.15 μg/ml) (simulated infectious conditions). In the free potential mode, banded samples showed an increased potential compared to the unbanded samples. In potentiostatic conditions, the banded group also exhibited a higher induced current in both electrolyte environments, indicating more corrosion loss. Both Nyquist and Bode plots showed both orientations of metal becoming more corrosion resistant post-fretting when compared to pre-fretting data. The longitudinal group at OCP demonstrated a unique shape of the fretting-loop, which might be related to tribochemical reactions. Based on the mechanical, electrochemical, and surface characterization data, the transverse group (unbanded) microstructures demonstrates a higher resistance to fretting-corrosion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Manthe
- RMDR Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Kai Yuan Cheng
- RMDR Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Divya Bijukumar
- RMDR Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
| | | | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mozart Neto
- Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- RMDR Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Anil U, Singh V, Schwarzkopf R. Diagnosis and Detection of Subtle Aseptic Loosening in Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:1494-1500. [PMID: 35189292 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening is a common cause of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA), and with the rising number of primary THAs, revisions for aseptic loosening represent a significant burden for arthroplasty surgeons. Aseptic loosening remains a diagnostic and management challenge. Loosening can occur as a result of inadequate initial fixation, mechanical loss of fixation over time, or a biological loss of fixation over time. However, in most cases, etiology is multifactorial, involving all 3 factors. The diagnosis of aseptic loosening involves a careful history, focused clinical exam, and thorough evaluation of imaging using several diagnostic modalities. The careful evaluation of serial radiographs remains the cornerstone of diagnosis with additional input from advanced imaging modalities such as FDG-PET, DEXA, MRI, and several others, each offering unique advantages and disadvantages. In certain patients, history and physical exam might be the only initial obvious signs of loosening, and thus, unexplained continuous pain augmented by imaging findings serves as an indication for revision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Anil
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Ran Schwarzkopf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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16
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McCarty CP, Park SH, Ho NC, Sangiorgio SN, Ebramzadeh E. Taper Material Loss in Total Hip Replacements: Is It Affected by Joint Friction? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:796-804. [PMID: 35167500 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal debris and corrosion products generated from the taper junctions of modular joint replacements have been recognized as contributors to failure. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with increased taper wear and corrosion is fundamental to improving implant performance. METHODS A cohort of 85 large-diameter metal-on-metal heads and cups retrieved at revision surgery, after 10 to 96 months of service, was evaluated. First, metrology was conducted to quantify head taper material loss and implant articular surface wear. Then, joint frictional moments for each retrieved head-and-cup pair were measured during 10 cycles of simulated physiological gait in a biomechanical model. Taper material loss was evaluated for correlations with frictional moments, articular wear, head diameter, head-cup clearance, and time in vivo. RESULTS Peak resultant frictional moments ranged from 9.1 to 26.3 Nm, averaging 17.3 ± 2.7 Nm. Fretting and corrosion damage during in vivo service resulted in material loss from the head tapers ranging between 0.04 and 25.57 mm3, compared with combined head and cup articular wear of 0.80 to 351.75 mm3 in this cohort. Taper material loss was not correlated with higher frictional moments (R = -0.20 to 0.11, p = 0.07 to 0.81). Higher frictional moments from axial rotation were correlated with higher head and cup wear (R = 0.33, p < 0.01). The correlation between taper material loss and head diameter was weak and did not reach statistical significance (R = 0.20, p = 0.07). Taper material loss was not correlated with nominal head-cup clearance (R = 0.06, p = 0.6). Finally, taper material loss increased significantly over time (R = 0.34, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Despite serious concerns regarding trunnionosis, volumes of head taper wear were generally lower than those of articular surface wear. There was no statistical correlation between taper wear and frictional moments. Therefore, the results suggest that high friction in metal-on-metal implants does not contribute to higher material loss at the head taper, despite high bending moments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The amount of metal debris and corrosion products from taper junctions of the joint arthroplasties, widely recognized as an insidious cause of failure, was not correlated with joint frictional moments. Multiple factors affect taper wear: implant design, material, size, surface finish, and patient weight and activity level. However, in the present cohort, high friction of metal-on-metal total hip replacements likely did not contribute to increased volume of material loss at taper interfaces, despite increased moments at the locations of taper material loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P McCarty
- The J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children in Alliance with UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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17
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Improving the Endoprosthesis Design and the Postoperative Therapy as a Means of Reducing Complications Risks after Total Hip Arthroplasty. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the most high-tech, efficient and reliable surgical procedures is Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Due to the increase in average life expectancy, it is especially relevant for older people suffering from chronic joint disease, allowing them to return to an active lifestyle. However, the rejuvenation of such a severe joint disease as osteoarthritis requires the search for new solutions that increase the lifespan of a Total Hip Replacement (THR). Current trends in the development of this area are primarily focused on the creation of new materials used in THR and methods for their processing that meet the requirements of biocompatibility, long-term strength, wear resistance and the absence of an immune system response aimed at rejection. This study is devoted to the substantiation of one of the possible approaches to increase the reliability and durability of THR, based on the improvement of the implant design and postoperative rehabilitation technology, potentially reducing the risk of complications in the postoperative period.
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18
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Wight CM, Schemitsch EH. In vitro testing for hip head-neck taper tribocorrosion: A review of experimental methods. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:9544119221074582. [PMID: 35139678 PMCID: PMC8915230 DOI: 10.1177/09544119221074582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro test methods are challenged by the multi-factorial nature of head-neck taper connection tribocorrosion due to the consequences of simplification. Incorrect study design and misinterpretation of results has led to contradictory findings regarding important factors affecting head-neck taper tribocorrosion. This review seeks to highlight important considerations when developing in vitro test methods, to help researchers strengthen their study design and analyze the implications of others' design decisions. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations and procedural considerations for finite element analyses, electrochemical studies and in vitro simulations related to head-neck taper connection tribocorrosion are discussed. Finite element analysis offers an efficient method for studying large ranges of mechanical parameters. However, they are limited by neglecting electrochemical, biological and fluid flow factors. Electrochemical studies may be preferred if these factors are considered important. Care must be taken in interpreting data from electrochemical studies, particularly when different materials are compared. Differences in material valence and toxicity affect clinical translation of electrochemical studies' results. At their most complex, electrochemical studies attempt to simulate all aspects of headneck taper connection tribocorrosion in a bench top study. Effective execution requires in-depth knowledge of the tribocorrosion phenomenon, the involved mechanisms, and their measures such that each study design decision is fully informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Wight
- Institute of Biomaterial and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil H Schemitsch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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19
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Snyder MJ, Weber MA, Kromka JJ, Sims MM, Smith CN, Daji AV, Kumar D, Borrero CG, Cordle AC, DiGioia AM, Hamlin BR, Plakseychuk AY, Urish KL. Predictors of Adverse Local Tissue Reaction in a High-Risk Population. Arthroplast Today 2022; 13:125-129. [PMID: 35106348 PMCID: PMC8784296 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) is a recognized complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) bearing surface implants. Specific models of THA implants have been identified as having a higher incidence of ALTR. The purpose of this study is to determine if serum metal levels, patient symptoms, implant factors, and imaging findings can be predictive of ALTR within this high-risk population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed an observational cohort of 474 patients who underwent MoP THA and were at increased risk of having ALTR. Patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of ALTR. Patient symptoms, serum metal ions, implant head offset, and imaging findings were compared. Results Patients with ALTR were more likely to be symptomatic (52.9% vs 9.9%, P < .0001). The presence of ALTR was associated with significantly higher serum cobalt and chromium levels (6.2 ppb vs 3.6 ppb, P < .0001; 2.3 ppb vs 1.2 ppb, P < .0001). Head offsets greater than 4 mm were associated with a higher prevalence of ALTR (53% vs 38%, P = .05). On metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging, patients with ALTR had larger effusions (4.7 cm vs 2.1 cm, P < .001) and a higher incidence of trochanteric bursitis (47% vs 16%, P < .001). Conclusions In high-risk MoP implants, serum cobalt and chromium levels are elevated, even in patients without ALTR. A larger femoral head offset is a risk factor for the development of ALTR. Our study suggests that patients presenting with painful THA and elevated metal ions require risk stratification based on patient symptoms, metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging findings, and implant factors.
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20
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Polster V, Fischer S, Steffens J, Morlock MM, Kaddick C. Experimental validation of the abrasive wear stage of the gross taper failure mechanism in total hip arthroplasty. Med Eng Phys 2021; 95:25-29. [PMID: 34479689 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gross taper failure (GTF) is a rare but catastrophic failure mode of the head-stem-taper junction of hip prostheses, facilitated by massive material loss. GTF is a two stage process initiated by corrosion leading to head bottoming out, followed by abrasive wear due to the head rotating on the stem. The purpose of this study was to reproduce the clinical failure patterns and to determine the material loss during simulated gait. METHODS Six cobalt-chromium alloy heads (36 mm, 12/14 taper) with three different head lengths (short / medium / extra long) were combined with stem taper replicas made from titanium alloy sized to achieve bottoming out. A hip simulator was used to simulate gait loading after (ISO 14242-1 for 2 million cycles). RESULTS Wear patterns from in-vitro testing match the clinical failure patterns. Stem taper wear increased linearly with time (p< 0.001). After two million cycles the material loss of short / medium / extra long heads was (M+-STD) 1168±242 mg / 400±23 mg / 94±12 mg on the stem side and 46±36 mg / 46±24 mg / 70±8 mg on the head side. Stem taper wear decreased with increasing head length (p=0.01), whereas clinical failures are mostly seen for long and extra long heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Polster
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology,Denickestraße 15, Hamburg 21073, Germany.
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology,Denickestraße 15, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | | | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology,Denickestraße 15, Hamburg 21073, Germany
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21
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Dual Modular Titanium Alloy Femoral Stem Failure Mechanisms and Suggested Clinical Approaches. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113078. [PMID: 34199983 PMCID: PMC8200202 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys have been proven to be one of the most suitable materials for orthopaedic implants. Dual modular stems have been introduced to primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to enable better control of the femoral offset, leg length, and hip stability. This systematic review highlights information acquired for dual modular Ti stem complications published in the last 12 years and offers a conclusive discussion of the gathered knowledge. Articles referring to dual modular stem usage, survivorship, and complications in English were searched from 2009 to the present day. A qualitative synthesis of literature was carried out, excluding articles referring solely to other types of junctions or problems with cobalt-chromium alloys in detail. In total, 515 records were identified through database searching and 78 journal articles or conference proceedings were found. The reasons for a modular neck fracture of a Ti alloy are multifactorial. Even though dual modular stems have not shown any clinical benefits for patients and have been associated with worse results regarding durability than monolithic stems, some designs are still marketed worldwide. Orthopaedic surgeons should use Ti6Al4V dual modular stem designs for primary THA in special cases only.
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22
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Bilateral neck fracture in bimodular femoral stem after primary total hip arthroplasty: a case report. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:356. [PMID: 33863307 PMCID: PMC8050927 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bi-modular stems were introduced in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to enable better control of the femoral offset, leg length, and hip stability. Despite numerous reports on modular femoral neck fractures, some designs are still marketed worldwide. While the risk factors for the sudden failure are multifactorial and mostly known, the timing of this new THA complication is not predictable by any means. Case presentation In this report, the literature regarding one of the most popular bi-modular stems with specific neck-stem coupling (oval Morse taper) is reviewed and illustrated with a case of bilateral modular neck fracture in a patient with idiopathic aseptic necrosis of femoral heads treated with primary bi-modular THA. Because of bilateral modular femoral neck fracture, which occurred 3 years on the left side and 20 years after implantation on the right side, the patient required a total of 6 revisions and 208 days of hospitalized care. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral modular neck fracture in a single patient. Even though the same surgeon performed both operations and used the same neck length and orientation, fractures occurred with a 17-year time difference after implantation. This shows that we cannot predict with certainty when a fracture might occur. Orthopaedic surgeons should use bi-modular stem designs for primary THA very cautiously.
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23
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Avila JD, Stenberg K, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A. Hydroxyapatite reinforced Ti6Al4V composites for load-bearing implants. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:379-392. [PMID: 33450413 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Titanium has been used in various biomedical applications; however, titanium exhibits poor wear resistance, and its bioinert surface slows osseointegration in vivo. In this study, directed energy deposition (DED)-based additive manufacturing (AM) was used to process hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) composites to improve biocompatibility and wear resistance simultaneously. Electron micrographs of the composites revealed dense microstructures where HA was observed at the β-phase grain boundaries. Hardness increased by 57% and 71% for 2 and 3 wt.% HA in Ti64 composites, respectively. XRD analysis revealed no change in the phases with the addition of HA, when compared to the control. Tribological studies displayed an increase in contact resistance (CR) due to an in situ formed HA-based tribofilm, reduction in wear rate when testing in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with a ZrO2 counter wear ball, <1% wear ball volume loss, and suppression of cohesive shear failure of the Ti matrix. Histomorphometric analysis from a rat distal femur study revealed an increase in the osteoid surface over the bone surface (OS/BS) for 3 wt.% HA composite over the control Ti64 from 9 ± 1% to 14 ± 1%. Additionally, from push-out testing, the shear modulus was observed to increase from 17 ± 3 MPa for control Ti64 to 32 ± 5 MPa for the 3 wt.% HA composite after 5-weeks in vivo. The present study demonstrates that the addition of HA in Ti64 can simultaneously improve bone tissue-implant response and wear resistance.
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Royhman D, Pourzal R, Hall D, Lundberg HJ, Wimmer MA, Jacobs J, Hallab NJ, Mathew MT. Fretting-corrosion in hip taper modular junctions: The influence of topography and pH levels - An in-vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104443. [PMID: 33752094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary hip implants feature a modular design. Increased reported failure rates associated with the utilization of modular junctions have raised many clinical concerns. Typically, these modular interfaces contain circumferential machining marks (threads or microgrooves), but the effect of the machining marks on the fretting-corrosion behavior of total hip implant materials is unknown. This study reports the effects of microgrooves on the fretting-corrosion behavior of hip implant materials. The flat portions of two cylindrical, polished, CrCrMo alloy pins were loaded horizontally against one rectangular Ti alloy rod. Two surface preparation groups were used for the Ti6Al4V rod (polished and machined). The polished group was prepared using the same methods as the CoCrMo pins. The machined samples were prepared by creating parallel lines on the rod surfaces to represent microgrooves present on the stem tapers of head-neck modular junctions. Newborn calf serum (30 g/L protein content; 37 °C) at pH of levels of 7.6 and 3.0 were used to simulate the normal joint fluid and a lowered pH within a crevice, respectively. The samples were tested in a fretting corrosion apparatus under a 200N normal force and a 1Hz sinusoidal fretting motion with a displacement amplitude of 25 μm. All electrochemical measurements were performed with a potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration. The results show significant differences between machined samples and polished samples in both electrochemical and mechanical responses. In all cases, the magnitude of the drop in potential was greater in the machined group compared to the polished group. The machined group showed a lower total dissipated friction energy for the entire test compared to the polished group. Additionally, the potentiostatic test measurements revealed a higher evolved charge in the machined group compared to the polished group at both pH conditions (pH 7.6 and 3.0). The machined surfaces lowered the overall dissipated friction energy at pH 7.6 compared to pH 3.0, but also compromised electrochemical performance in the tested conditions. Therefore, the role of synergistic interaction of wear and corrosion with surface topographical changes is evident from the outcome of the study. Despite the shift towards higher electrochemical destabilization in the machined group, both polished and machined groups still exhibited a mechanically dominated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Royhman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, UIC School of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah Hall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah J Lundberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markus A Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadim J Hallab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, UIC School of Medicine, Rockford, IL, USA.
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Reiner T, Haubenreisser H, Tripel E, Rosshirt N, Sorbi R, Nees TA, Gotterbarm T, Merle C, Moradi B, Hagmann S. Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients Following Small Diameter Metal-On-Metal Total Hip Replacement at Long-Term Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092877. [PMID: 32899901 PMCID: PMC7564376 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with small diameter metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) and elevated blood metal ion concentrations at long-term follow-up. The hypothesis was that increased blood metal ion levels or the presence of adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) would be associated with changes in the peripheral expression of lymphocyte subpopulations, which could potentially serve as early diagnostic markers for metal wear related complications. (2) Methods: Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for leucocyte subgroups (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD16+/CD56+, CD25+/CD127−, CD19+, IFN-γ+, IL-4+ and IL-17A+ cells) in 34 patients with elevated blood metal ion levels (combined cobalt and chromium levels >2 µg/L) following small head MoM THA at a mean follow-up of 15.6 years. Fifteen patients with small head MoM THA and blood metal ion levels within the normal range and 15 patients with conventional ceramic-on-polyethylene THA served as control groups. In addition, blood metal ion levels and leucocyte subpopulations were compared between patients with and without adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR), which was investigated by MRI in 27 patients of the study cohort. (3) Results: There was a significant decrease in the levels of IFN-γ+ Type-1 T helper cells (Th1) in patients with MoM THA compared to the ceramic-on-polyethylene control group (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in the cell counts of other lymphocyte subpopulations were found between the three groups. Cobalt ion levels were significantly higher in patients with ALTR (p < 0.001) compared to the non-ALTR group, but no differences in the levels of lymphocyte subsets were found between the two groups. (4) Conclusions: No adverse systemic effects with respect to peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations could be detected in the present study in patients following THA with a small diameter MoM articulation at long-term follow-up. We found a significant decrease of IFN-γ+ Th1 cells in patients with MoM THA compared to the control group, but no differences in the peripheral expression of leucocyte subpopulations were seen between patients with and without ALTR. Future studies with larger patient cohorts and additional histopathological investigations could help to better understand the role of Th1 cells and other cell lines of the adaptive immune system in the development of metal wear related complications after total joint replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reiner
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +49-6221-5634803 (T.R.); +49-6221-5626289 (S.H.); Fax: +49-6221-5626179 (T.R.); +49-6221-5626348 (S.H.)
| | - Hester Haubenreisser
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Elena Tripel
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Nils Rosshirt
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Reza Sorbi
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Timo Albert Nees
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Tobias Gotterbarm
- Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Christian Merle
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Babak Moradi
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Sébastien Hagmann
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.H.); (E.T.); (N.R.); (R.S.); (T.A.N.); (C.M.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (S.H.); Tel.: +49-6221-5634803 (T.R.); +49-6221-5626289 (S.H.); Fax: +49-6221-5626179 (T.R.); +49-6221-5626348 (S.H.)
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Polster V, Hube R, Morlock MM. Gross Stem Taper Failure with Head Dissociation in a Very Active Patient with an Uncemented Femoral Stem. JBJS Case Connect 2020; 10:e1900662. [PMID: 32773715 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.19.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE We report a case of gross taper failure (GTF) in a very active 81-year-old man 14 years after index operation. The patient presented with acute hip pain and shortening of the left leg. X-rays showed the dissociation of the head. The stem had to be revised because of the massive stem taper damage. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates that GTF at the head-stem taper junction following mechanically assisted crevice corrosion is not limited to a specific taper design and material. Other risk factors such as high activity level can lead to this failure pattern also in established stem and taper designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Polster
- 1Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany 2Orthopaedische Chirurgie Muenchen, OCM-Clinic Munich, Munich, Germany 3Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Avila JD, Alrawahi Z, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A. Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V-Si-Hydroxyapatite composites for articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2020; 34:101241. [PMID: 32432027 PMCID: PMC7236886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Directed-energy deposition (DED)-based additive manufacturing (AM) was explored for composite development using silicon (Si) and hydroxyapatite (HA) in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) matrix for articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants. Specifically, laser engineered net shaping (LENS™), a commercially available DED-based AM technique, was used to fabricate composites from premixed-feedstock powders. The AM'd composites proved to not only improve upon Ti64's mechanical properties but also produced an in-situ Si-based tribofilm during tribological testing that minimized wear induced damage. Additionally, it was found that with the introduction of Si, titanium silicides and vanadium silicides were formed; allowing for 114% increased hardness, decreased coefficient of friction (COF) and a reduction of wear rate of 38.1% and 48.7%, respectively. The produced composites also displayed a positive shift in open-circuit potential (OCP) during linear wear, along with a reduction in the change of OCP from idle to linear wear conditions. Additionally, contact resistance (CR) values increased with a maximum value of 1500 ohms due to the formation of Si-based tribofilm on the wear surface. Such composite development approach using DED-based AM can open up the possibilities of innovating next-generation implants that are designed and manufactured via multi-material AM.
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Gustafson JA, Pourzal R, Levine BR, Jacobs JJ, Lundberg HJ. Modelling changes in modular taper micromechanics due to surgeon assembly technique in total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:33-40. [PMID: 32600210 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b7.bjj-2019-1678.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to develop a novel computational model for estimating head/stem taper mechanics during different simulated assembly conditions. METHODS Finite element models of generic cobalt-chromium (CoCr) heads on a titanium stem taper were developed and driven using dynamic assembly loads collected from clinicians. To verify contact mechanics at the taper interface, comparisons of deformed microgroove characteristics (height and width of microgrooves) were made between model estimates with those measured from five retrieved implants. Additionally, these models were used to assess the role of assembly technique-one-hit versus three-hits-on the taper interlock mechanical behaviour. RESULTS The model compared well to deformed microgrooves from the retrieved implants, predicting changes in microgroove height (mean 1.1 μm (0.2 to 1.3)) and width (mean 7.5 μm (1.0 to 18.5)) within the range of measured changes in height (mean 1.4 μm (0.4 to 2.3); p = 0.109) and width (mean 12.0 μm (1.5 to 25.4); p = 0.470). Consistent with benchtop studies, our model found that increasing assembly load magnitude led to increased taper engagement, contact pressure, and permanent deformation of the stem taper microgrooves. Interestingly, our model found assemblies using three hits at low loads (4 kN) led to decreased taper engagement, contact pressures and microgroove deformations throughout the stem taper compared with tapers assembled with one hit at the same magnitude. CONCLUSION These findings suggest additional assembly hits at low loads lead to inferior taper interlock strength compared with one firm hit, which may be influenced by loading rate or material strain hardening. These unique models can estimate microgroove deformations representative of real contact mechanics seen on retrievals, which will enable us to better understand how both surgeon assembly techniques and implant design affect taper interlock strength. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):33-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Gustafson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brett R Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua J Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah J Lundberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Haschke H, Falkenberg A, Morlock MM, Huber G. Do SiNx coatings bear the potential to reduce the risk of micromotion in modular taper junctions? Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:897-908. [PMID: 32507037 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920930616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fretting corrosion is one contributor to the clinical failure of modular joint arthroplasty. It is initiated by micromotion in metal junctions exposed to fluids. Omitting metal-on-metal contacts could help to reduce the corrosion risk. The coating of one metal taper partner with a ceramic-based silicon nitride (SiNx) coating might provide this separation. The aim of the study was to identify whether a SiNx coating of the male taper component influences the micromotion within a taper junction. Hip prosthesis heads made of CoCr29Mo6 (Aesculap) and Ti6Al4V (Peter Brehm) were assembled (2000 N) to SiNx-coated and uncoated stem tapers made of Ti6Al4V and CoCr29Mo6 (2×2×2 combinations, each n = 4). Consecutive sinusoidal loading representing three daily activities was applied. Contactless relative motion in six degrees of freedom was measured using six eddy-current sensors. Micromotion in the junction was determined by compensating for the elastic deformation derived from additional monoblock measurements. After pull-off, the taper surfaces were microscopically inspected. Micromotion magnitude reached up to 8.4 ± 0.8 µm during loading that represented stumbling. Ti6Al4V stems showed significantly higher micromotion than those made of CoCr29Mo6, while taper coating had no influence. Statistical differences in pull-off forces were found for none of the taper junctions. Microscopy revealed CoCr29Mo6 abrasion from the head taper surface if combined with coated stem tapers. Higher micromotion of Ti6Al4V tapers was probably caused by the lower Young's modulus. Even in the contact areas, the coating was not damaged during loading. The mechanics of coated tapers was similar to uncoated prostheses. Thus, the separation of the two metal surfaces with the objective to reduce in vivo corrosion appears to be achievable if the coating is able to withstand in vivo conditions. However, the hard ceramic-based stem coating lead to undesirable debris from the CoCr29Mo6 heads during loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Haschke
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Falkenberg
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Huber
- Institute of Biomechanics, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
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Hall DJ, Pourzal R, Jacobs JJ. What Surgeons Need to Know About Adverse Local Tissue Reaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:S55-S59. [PMID: 32005621 PMCID: PMC7239747 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) were first associated with patients with failed metal-on-metal surface replacements and total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, an increasing number of cases of ALTR in metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) THA patients is being reported. Clinically, ALTR appears as benign, aseptic masses or bursae in the periprosthetic tissues. Histopathologically, ALTRs are distinguished by an intense lymphocyte infiltrate, destruction of the synovial surfaces, widespread necrosis, and fibrin exudate. Tribocorrosion of modular junctions appears to be the cause of ALTR in MOP patients. The various tribocorrosion damage modes occurring at modular junctions produce metal ions and a diversity of particulates in relation to size, chemical composition, and structure. The mechanisms by which these various products of tribocorrosion lead to ALTR are still a matter of considerable research. This review clarifies what constitutes ALTR, its relationship to implant factors, and highlights current methods for diagnosis and management of patients with ALTR in the setting of MOP THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Hall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua J Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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31
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Rieker CB, Wahl P. What the Surgeon Can Do to Reduce the Risk of Trunnionosis in Hip Arthroplasty: Recommendations from the Literature. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081950. [PMID: 32326259 PMCID: PMC7215371 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Trunnionosis, defined as wear and corrosion at the head–neck taper connection, is a cause of failure in hip arthroplasty. Trunnionosis is linked to a synergistic combination of factors related to the prosthesis, the patient, and the surgeon. This review presents analytical models that allow for the quantification of the impact of these factors, with the aim of providing practical recommendations to help surgeons minimize the occurrence of this failure mode. A tighter fit reduces micromotion and, consequently, fretting of the taper connection. The paramount parameters controlling the fixation force are the coefficient of friction and the impaction force. The influence of the head diameter, as well as of the diameter and angle of the taper, is comparatively small, but varus alignment of the taper and heads with longer necks are unfavourable under physiologic loads. The trunnion should be rinsed, cleaned, and dried carefully, while avoiding any contamination of the bore—the female counterpart within the head—prior to assembly. Biological debris, and even residual water, might critically reduce the fixation of the taper connection between the head and the neck. The impaction force applied to the components should correspond to at least two strong blows with a 500 g hammer, striking the head with an ad hoc impactor aligned with the axis of the taper. These strong blows should correspond to a minimum impaction force of 4000 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude B. Rieker
- Scientific Affairs, Zimmer Biomet EMEA (Europa, Middle East and Africa), Sulzerallee 8, 8404 Winterthur, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Wahl
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Brauerstrasse 15, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland;
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Pallante GD, Statz JM, Milbrandt TA, Trousdale RT. Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients 20 Years Old and Younger. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020; 102:519-525. [PMID: 31977814 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in patients ≤20 years old has been associated with poor survivorship because of bearing-surface wear with conventional polyethylene, acetabular loosening with cemented sockets, and liner fracture in ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) THA. For this population, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes of THAs performed with use of modern implants and bearing surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mid- to long-term outcomes of modern THA in patients ≤20 years old. METHODS Utilizing a single-institution, prospectively collected total joint registry, we retrospectively identified 91 primary THAs performed in 78 patients ≤20 years old from 1998 to 2016. The average patient age was 17 years (range, 11 to 20 years), and the average body mass index was 26 kg/m (range, 16 to 49 kg/m). Forty-eight THAs (53%) were performed in male patients, and 47 (52%) were performed on the right hip. Bearing surfaces included CoC (53 THAs, 58%), metal-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (MoP; 28 THAs, 31%), and ceramic-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (CoP; 10 THAs, 11%). Outcome measures included reoperations, revisions, complications, clinical outcome scores, and bearing-surface wear. RESULTS At an average follow-up of 8 years (range, 2 to 18 years), the average modified Harris hip score was 92 (range, 54 to 100), and 95% of patients reported feeling "much better" following the surgical procedure. Survivorship at 2, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 96.7%, 96.7%, and 95.0% for reoperation; 98.9%, 98.9%, and 97.2% for revision; and 91.2%, 91.2%, and 89.5% for complications, respectively. The most common complications were instability (3 THAs, 3%), aseptic acetabular loosening (2 THAs, 2%), and postoperative foot drop (2 THAs, 2%). Linear articular wear averaged 0.019 mm/yr. There were no correlations between age, sex, body mass index, bearing surface, femoral head size, use of cement, or operative time and survivorship from complications, reoperations, or revisions. There were no differences in linear wear among CoC, CoP, and MoP bearing surfaces. CONCLUSIONS In patients ≤20 years old, THAs performed with use of modern implants exhibit excellent clinical outcome scores and survivorship at mid- to long-term follow-up. CoC, CoP, and MoP bearing surfaces have similar survivorship, clinical outcomes, and bearing-surface wear in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Bechstedt M, Gustafson JA, Mell SP, Gührs J, Morlock MM, Levine BR, Lundberg HJ. Contact conditions for total hip head-neck modular taper junctions with microgrooved stem tapers. J Biomech 2020; 103:109689. [PMID: 32139099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Implant failure due to fretting-corrosion of head-neck modular junctions is a rising problem in total hip arthroplasty. Fretting-corrosion initiates when micromotion leads to metal release; however, factors leading to micromotion, such as microgrooves on the stem taper, are not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to describe a finite element analysis technique to determine head-neck contact mechanics and investigate the effect of stem taper microgroove height during head-neck assembly. Two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element models were created. Models were created for a ceramic femoral head and a CoCrMo femoral head against Ti6Al4V stem tapers and compared to available data from prior experiments. Stem taper microgroove height was investigated with a generic 12/14 model. Head-neck assembly was performed to four maximum loads (500 N, 2000 N, 4000 N, 8000 N). For the stem taper coupled with the ceramic head, the number of microgrooves in contact and plastically deformed differed by 2.5 microgrooves (4%) and 6.5 microgrooves (11%), respectively, between the finite element models and experiment. For the stem taper coupled with the CoCrMo head, all microgrooves were in contact after all assembly loads in the finite element model due to an almost identical conical angle between the taper surfaces. In the experiments, all grooves were only in contact for the 8000 N assembly load. Contact area, plastic (permanent) deformation, and contact pressure increased with increasing assembly loads and deeper microgrooves. The described modeling technique can be used to investigate the relationship between implant design factors, allowing for optimal microgroove design within material couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bechstedt
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Gustafson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Steven P Mell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Julian Gührs
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brett R Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Hannah J Lundberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St Suite 201, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Reiner T, Sorbi R, Müller M, Nees T, Kretzer JP, Rickert M, Moradi B. Blood Metal Ion Release After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Study. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:396-403. [PMID: 32023362 PMCID: PMC7189061 DOI: 10.1111/os.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the course of in vivo blood metal ion levels in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to investigate potential risk factors associated with metal ion release in these patients. Methods Twenty‐five patients with indication for TKA were included in this prospective study. Whole blood metal ion analysis was performed pre‐operatively and at 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical scores were obtained using the American Knee Society Score (AKSS) and the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) at each follow‐up and patientsʼ activity levels were assessed by measuring the mean annual walking cycles at 12 months follow‐up. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the operated knee were evaluated postoperatively and at 12‐month follow‐up with regard to implant position and radiological signs of implant loosening. Correlation analysis using multivariate linear regression was performed to investigate the influence of different variables (age, gender, functional scores, number of walking cycles, and body mass index [BMI]) on blood cobalt ion concentrations. Results Mean metal ion levels of cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, and titanium were 0.28 μg/L (SD, 0.14), 0.43 μg/L (SD, 0.49), 0.62 μg/L (SD, 0.45), and 1.96 μg/L (SD, 0.98), respectively at 12‐month follow‐up. Mean cobalt ion levels significantly increased 1‐year after surgery compared to preoperative measurements. There was no statistically significant increase of mean metal ion levels of chromium, titanium, and molybdenum at 1‐year follow‐up. Overall, metal ion levels were low and no patient demonstrated cobalt ion levels above 1 μg/L. Postoperative radiographs demonstrated well‐aligned TKAs in all patients and no signs of osteolysis or implant loosening were detected at 1‐year follow‐up. Both the AKSS and OKS significantly improved during the course of the study up to the final follow‐up. Multivariate regression analysis did not show a statistically significant correlation between the tested variables and blood cobalt ion concentrations. Conclusion A statistically significant increase of mean cobalt ion concentration at 1‐year follow‐up was found in this cohort of patients with well‐functioning TKA, although overall blood metal ion levels were relatively low. Despite low systemic metal ion concentrations seen in this cohort, the local effects of increased metal ion concentrations in the periprosthetic environment on the long‐term outcome of TKA should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reiner
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reza Sorbi
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Müller
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timo Nees
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen, Germany
| | - Babak Moradi
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bijukumar DR, Salunkhe S, Morris D, Segu A, Hall DJ, Pourzal R, Mathew MT. In Vitro Evidence for Cell-Accelerated Corrosion Within Modular Junctions of Total Hip Replacements. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:393-404. [PMID: 31436344 PMCID: PMC7370985 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion at modular junctions of total hip replacement (THR) remains a major concern today. Multiple types of damage modes have been identified at modular junctions, correlated with different corrosion characteristics that may eventually lead to implant failure. Recently, within the head-taper region of the CoCrMo retrieval implants, cell-like features and trails of etching patterns were observed that could potentially be linked to the involvement of cells of the periprosthetic region. However, there is no experimental evidence to corroborate this phenomenon. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential role of periprosthetic cell types on corrosion of CoCrMo alloy under different culture conditions, including the presence of CoCrMo wear debris. Cells were incubated with and without CoCrMo wear debris (obtained from a hip simulator) with an average particle size of 119 ± 138 nm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the corrosion tendency, corrosion rate, and corrosion kinetics using the media after 24 h of cell culture as the electrolyte. Results of the study showed that there was lower corrosion resistance (p < 0.02) and higher capacitance (p < 0.05) within cell media from macrophages challenged with particles when compared with the other media conditions studied. The potentiodynamic results were also in agreement with the EIS values, showing significantly higher corrosion tendency (low Ecorr ) (p < 0.0001) and high Icorr (p < 0.05) in media from challenged macrophages compared with media with H2 O2 solution. Overall, the study provides in vitro experimental evidence for the possible role of macrophages in altering the chemical environment within the crevice and thereby accelerating corrosion of CoCrMo alloy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:393-404, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rani Bijukumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107
| | - Shruti Salunkhe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107
| | - Dalton Morris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107
| | - Abhijith Segu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107
| | - Deborah J. Hall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin Pourzal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Falkenberg A, Dickinson EC, Morlock MM. Adapter sleeves are essential for ceramic heads in hip revision surgery. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 71:1-4. [PMID: 31671337 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Removing a head during isolated acetabular revision surgery can cause damage to the stem taper surface from extraction tool contact. Implanting a ceramic head on the damaged stem taper might elevate the fracture risk, which can be mitigated with the use of titanium adapter sleeves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the improved fracture strength of modern generation ceramic heads allows the direct implantation on damaged stem tapers without an adapter sleeve. METHODS Finite element models of taper junctions with and without adapter sleeve were generated. Different stem taper damages were modelled to investigate the influence on the ceramic head fracture load under axial compression. FINDINGS Heads without adapter sleeves exhibited slightly higher or equal fracture strengths compared with sleeved heads for most scenarios. However, a small metal elevation on the stem taper caused a drastic decrease of the fracture strength if no adapter sleeve was used (-96%). The sleeved head was not influenced by the metal elevation damage. INTERPRETATION Adapter sleeves are essential to ensure patient safety and prosthesis longevity whenever implanting ceramic heads on used stem tapers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Falkenberg
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Emilie C Dickinson
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
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Goodman SB, Gallo J, Gibon E, Takagi M. Diagnosis and management of implant debris-associated inflammation. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:41-56. [PMID: 31810395 PMCID: PMC7254884 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1702024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Total joint replacement is one of the most common, safe, and efficacious operations in all of surgery. However, one major long-standing and unresolved issue is the adverse biological reaction to byproducts of wear from the bearing surfaces and modular articulations. These inflammatory reactions are mediated by the innate and adaptive immune systems.Areas covered: We review the etiology and pathophysiology of implant debris-associated inflammation, the clinical presentation and detailed work-up of these cases, and the principles and outcomes of non-operative and operative management. Furthermore, we suggest future strategies for prevention and novel treatments of implant-related adverse biological reactions.Expert opinion: The generation of byproducts from joint replacements is inevitable, due to repetitive loading of the implants. A clear understanding of the relevant biological principles, clinical presentations, investigative measures and treatments for implant-associated inflammatory reactions and periprosthetic osteolysis will help identify and treat patients with this issue earlier and more effectively. Although progressive implant-associated osteolysis is currently a condition that is treated surgically, with further research, it is hoped that non-operative biological interventions could prolong the lifetime of joint replacements that are otherwise functional and still salvageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
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Snethen K, Hernandez J, Harman M. The effect of manufacturing tolerances on the mechanical environment of taper junctions in modular TKR. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:49-57. [PMID: 31100485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Taper design is known to influence corrosive behavior in taper junctions used in modular orthopaedic devices. Manufacturing tolerance of bore-cone tapers is a critical design parameter due to the effect on taper fit, but the effect of variations in manufacturing tolerance on the mechanics of taper junctions has not been well characterized, particularly in modular total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manufacturing tolerance on stress and micromotion of modular TKR taper junctions. A 3D finite element (FE) model of a modular TKR taper junction was developed and assigned elastoplastic material properties. Model taper geometry was varied by perturbing the angle mismatch by 0.05° between ±0.25° and represented expected variation in manufacturing tolerance. Stress and micromotion were calculated during dynamic FE simulations for each taper junction geometry under varying activity loads and material combinations. Although an increase in angle mismatch generally resulted in higher stress and micromotion, plastic material behavior disrupted this trend for larger angle mismatches. Model predictions corresponded with corrosion behavior evident in vitro. If the FE results obtained here apply in vivo, the absence of elastoplastic material properties in a taper model may grossly overestimate the micromotion and underestimate corrosion behavior and ion release. It is recommended that manufacturing tolerances of bore-cone tapers in modular TKR designs should produce angle mismatches within 0.1° at the taper junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Snethen
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | | | - Melinda Harman
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.
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Haschke H, Konow T, Huber G, Morlock MM. Influence of flexural rigidity on micromotion at the head-stem taper interface of modular hip prostheses. Med Eng Phys 2019; 68:1-10. [PMID: 30981609 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fretting corrosion as one reason for failure of modular hip prostheses has been associated with micromotion at the head taper junction. Historically the taper diameter was reduced to improve the range of motion of the hip joint. In combination with other developments, this was accompanied by increased observations of taper fretting, possibly due to the reduced flexural rigidity of smaller tapers. The aim of the study was to investigate how the flexural rigidity of tapers influences the amount of micromotion at the head taper junction. Three different stem and two different taper designs were manufactured. Experimental testing was performed using three different activity levels with peak loads representing walking, stair climbing and stumbling. The relative motion at the head-stem taper was measured in six degrees of freedom. Micromotion was obtained by subtraction of the elastic deformation derived from monoblock and finite element analysis. Less rigid tapers lead to increased micromotion between the head and stem, enlarging the risk of fretting corrosion. The influence of the stem design on micromotion is secondary to taper design. Manufacturers should consider stiffer taper designs to reduce micromotion within the head taper junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Haschke
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg Germany.
| | - Tobias Konow
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Gerd Huber
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael M Morlock
- Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg Germany
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A case example and literature review of catastrophic wear before catastrophic failure: identification of trunnionosis and metallosis in metal-on-polyethylene hip arthroplasty prior to frank failure or fracture. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 29:711-715. [PMID: 30374642 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Though rare, there are documented failures of femoral prosthesis due to corrosion of the head-neck interface in total hip arthroplasty (THA), a phenomenon known as trunnionosis. This wear can result in metallosis, whereby metal debris scatters the surrounding soft tissues. We present on a 58-year-old female who presented with increase in hip and back pain 10 years following right THA using a metal-on-polyethylene construct with a large femoral head (44 mm). Aspiration withdrew metallic fluid, and intraoperative findings showed corrosion of the head-neck taper with surrounding metallosis and pseudocapsule formation. Despite advances in THA design, corrosion and wear between components still exists and may be cause for failure. We present on both the subtle clinical findings and the recommended workup when suspicion is high for trunnionosis, metallosis, or wear, ideally with identification prior to catastrophic failure such as component dislocation or fracture as previously reported.
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Berry DJ. Introduction: The "New" Disease: Taper Corrosion After Total Hip Arthroplasty-A State-of-the-Art Update. J Arthroplasty 2018; 33:2705-2706. [PMID: 30126594 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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