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Moradnia M, Mohammadkhani N, Azizi B, Mohammadi M, Ebrahimpour S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Mirsadeghi S, Ale-Ebrahim M. The power of Punica granatum: A natural remedy for oxidative stress and inflammation; a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118243. [PMID: 38677577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate 'Punica granatum' offers multiple health benefits, including managing hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and enhancing wound healing and infection resistance, thanks to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been symbolized by life, health, femininity, fecundity, and spirituality. AIM OF THE STUDY Although laboratory and animal studies have been conducted on the healing effects of pomegranate, there needs to be a comprehensive review on its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in chronic disorders. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of these effects based on in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical studies conducted in managing various disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical findings of pomegranate and its derivatives focusing on the highly qualified original studies and systematic reviews are carried out in valid international web databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS Relevant studies have demonstrated that pomegranate and its derivatives can modulate the expression and activity of several genes, enzymes, and receptors through influencing oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. Different parts of pomegranate; roots, bark, blossoms, fruits, and leaves contain various bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ellagitannins, that have preventive and therapeutic effects against many disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological diseases, and cancers without any serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Most recent scientific evidence indicates that all parts of the pomegranate can be helpful in treating a wide range of chronic disorders due to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Since the safety of pomegranate fruit, juice, and extracts is established, further investigations can be designed by targeting its active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents to discover new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdis Moradnia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyoosha Mohammadkhani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bayan Azizi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sholeh Ebrahimpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Mirsadeghi
- KonadHerbs Co., Sharif Innovation Area, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Atwi-Ghaddar S, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Integrated Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Pre-Formulation Process of Punica granatum L. Pericarp Polar Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:8110. [PMID: 38138602 PMCID: PMC10745611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit in the dietary supplement industry due to its richness in bioactive compounds. In this study, an experimental design was applied to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of polar compounds of interest (ellagic acid and punicalagins), known for antioxidant and skin care properties from pomegranate's pericarp. The effects of temperature, modifier percentage, and water additive percentage added in the modifier were explored through a Box-Behnken design, followed by a study of the extraction kinetics. The results indicated that 40 °C, 20% EtOH:H2O 80:20 v:v, with an extraction duration of 60 min allowed for the highest recovery of the above-mentioned molecules (19.59 mg/g). Due to solubilization issues encountered by the extract, a screening of cosmetic solvents was carried out to solubilize SFE pomegranate extracts and a composition of Gly:H2O 80:20 v:v was selected. Furthermore, an integrated SFE pre-formulation process of pomegranate pericarp extract (PPE) was elaborated. This allowed for the recovery of the extracts in cosmetic solvent, avoiding a full evaporation. Finally, the stability of the pre-formulated extracts was evaluated and showed high stability for over 3 months at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Lesellier
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry (ICOA), University of Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, 45100 Orléans, France; (S.A.-G.); (E.D.)
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3
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Parveen S, Batool A, Shafiq N, Rashid M, Sultan A, Wondmie GF, Bin Jardan YA, Brogi S, Bourhia M. Developmental landscape of computational techniques to explore the potential phytochemicals from Punica granatum peels for their antioxidant activity in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1252178. [PMID: 37886033 PMCID: PMC10598865 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1252178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is more commonly found in women than in men as the risk increases with age. Phytochemicals are screened in silico from Punica granatum peels for their antioxidant activity to be utilized for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is inhibited by the hormone estrogen, which protects the brain from the bad effects of amyloid beta and acetylcholine (ACh), and is important for memory processing. For the purpose, a library of about 1,000 compounds from P. granatum were prepared and studied by applying integrated computational calculations like 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, MD simulation, ADMET, and density functional theory (DFT). The 3D-QSAR model screened the active compounds B25, B29, B35, B40, B45, B46, B48, B61, and B66 by the field points and activity atlas model from the prepared library. At the molecular level, docking was performed on active compounds for leading hit compounds such as B25 and B35 that displayed a high MolDock score, efficacy, and compatibility with drug delivery against the antioxidant activity. Optimization of the structure and chemical reactivity parameter of the hit compound was calculated by DFT. Moreover, ADMET prediction was evaluated to check the bioavailability and toxicity of the hit compound. Hesperidin (B25) is found to be a hit compound after the whole study and can be synthesized for potent drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Parveen
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalababd, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Batool
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalababd, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalababd, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalababd, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
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4
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Emami Kazemabad MJ, Asgari Toni S, Tizro N, Dadkhah PA, Amani H, Akhavan Rezayat S, Sheikh Z, Mohammadi M, Alijanzadeh D, Alimohammadi F, Shahrokhi M, Erabi G, Noroozi M, Karimi MA, Honari S, Deravi N. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of pomegranate in age-related neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:955735. [PMID: 36118710 PMCID: PMC9476556 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.955735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders [AND] include neurodegenerative diseases [NDDs] such as Alzheimer's disease [AD] and Parkinson's disease [PD], which are the most prevalent types of dementia in the elderly. It also includes other illnesses such as migraine and epilepsy. ANDs are multifactorial, but aging is their major risk factor. The most frequent and vital pathological features of AND are oxidative stress, inflammation, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. As AND brain damage is a significant public health burden and its incidence is increasing, much has been done to overcome it. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the polyphenol-rich fruits that is widely mentioned in medical folklore. Pomegranate is commonly used to treat common disorders such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, wound healing, bleeding, dysentery, acidosis, microbial infections, infectious and noninfectious respiratory diseases, and neurological disorders. In the current review article, we aimed to summarize the data on the pharmacotherapeutic potentials of pomegranate in ANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Asgari Toni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Tizro
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parisa Alsadat Dadkhah
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Amani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Akhavan Rezayat
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sheikh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Dorsa Alijanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gisou Erabi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Noroozi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Karimi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Honari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ali H, Jahan A, Samrana S, Ali A, Ali S, Kabir N, Ali A, Ullah R, Mothana RA, Murtaza BN, Kalim M. Hepatoprotective Potential of Pomegranate in Curbing the Incidence of Acute Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694607. [PMID: 34899284 PMCID: PMC8662995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver and is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to its scavenging activity, Punica granatum may be used for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases. The current study investigated the protective mechanism underlying the effects of pomegranate against a rat model of carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 resulted in liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and accumulation of lipid in hepatocytes. CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Pomegranate protection was assessed in terms of biochemical parameters, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Promegranate administration decreased inflammation, elevated serum enzymes and ROS production, and countered the debilitating effects caused by CCl4. In addition, CCl4-induced histological changes were absent in the crude pomegranate extract group, which also enhanced the scavenging activity of reactive oxygen species by enhancing the antioxidant defense mechanism as confirmed by detecting MDA, SOD, and GSH expressions. The migration of CD68+ macrophages was halted at the injured area of the central vein and the number of macrophages was reduced to the normal control by the crude extract compared to the positive control silymarin group. Likewise, protective effects of ethylacetate and the aqueous fraction of the crude extract were also observed. However, the butanol and n-hexane fractions displayed increased levels of ALT, AST, and ALP as compared to silymarin. About 25% damage to hepatocytes was observed in the butanol and n-hexane group by histopathological examination, which is a little better compared to the CCl4-treated group. The crude extract and its ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions may be accountable for the hepatoprotective potential of Punica granatum, which was further confirmed by in vivo experiments. Together, these findings confirm that pomegranate exerts hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Samrana Samrana
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abid Ali
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Safdar Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi-Anbar, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kalim
- Cancer Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Zuraini NZA, Sekar M, Wu YS, Gan SH, Bonam SR, Mat Rani NNI, Begum MY, Lum PT, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S. Promising Nutritional Fruits Against Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Experimental Evidence and Understanding Their Mechanisms of Action. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:739-769. [PMID: 34858028 PMCID: PMC8631183 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s328096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries, affecting millions of individuals each year. Despite the fact that successful therapeutic drugs for the management and treatment of CVDs are available on the market, nutritional fruits appear to offer the greatest benefits to the heart and have been proved to alleviate CVDs. Experimental studies have also demonstrated that nutritional fruits have potential protective effects against CVDs. The aim of the review was to provide a comprehensive summary of scientific evidence on the effect of 10 of the most commonly available nutritional fruits reported against CVDs and describe the associated mechanisms of action. Relevant literatures were searched and collected from several scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus. In the context of CVDs, 10 commonly consumed nutritious fruits including apple, avocado, grapes, mango, orange, kiwi, pomegranate, papaya, pineapple, and watermelon were analysed and addressed. The cardioprotective mechanisms of the 10 nutritional fruits were also compiled and highlighted. Overall, the present review found that the nutritious fruits and their constituents have significant benefits for the management and treatment of CVDs such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, dyslipidemias, ischemic stroke, aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, diabetic cardiovascular complications, drug-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy. Among the 10 nutritional fruits, pomegranate and grapes have been well explored, and the mechanisms of action are well documented against CVDs. All of the nutritional fruits mentioned are edible and readily accessible on the market. Consuming these fruits, which may contain varying amounts of active constituents depending on the food source and season, the development of nutritious fruits-based health supplements would be more realistic for consistent CVD protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zulaikha Azwa Zuraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherché des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
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7
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Anwaier G, Lian G, Ma GZ, Shen WL, Lee CI, Lee PL, Chang ZY, Wang YX, Tian XY, Gao XL, Chiu JJ, Qi R. Punicalagin Attenuates Disturbed Flow-Induced Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibiting Force-Specific Activation of Smad1/5. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697539. [PMID: 34262908 PMCID: PMC8273543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathophysiological vascular remodeling in response to disturbed flow with low and oscillatory shear stress (OSS) plays important roles in atherosclerosis progression. Pomegranate extraction (PE) was reported having anti-atherogenic effects. However, whether it can exert a beneficial effect against disturbed flow-induced pathophysiological vascular remodeling to inhibit atherosclerosis remains unclear. The present study aims at investigating the anti-atherogenic effects of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP) extraction and its purified compound punicalagin (PU), as well as their protective effects on disturbed flow-induced vascular dysfunction and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The anti-atherogenic effects of PPP/PU were examined on low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice fed with a high fat diet. The vaso-protective effects of PPP/PU were examined in rat aortas using myograph assay. A combination of in vivo experiments on rats and in vitro flow system with human endothelial cells (ECs) was used to investigate the pharmacological actions of PPP/PU on EC dysfunction induced by disturbed flow. In addition, the effects of PPP/PU on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction were also examined. Results PU is the effective component in PPP against atherosclerosis. PPP/PU evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat aortas. PPP/PU inhibited the activation of Smad1/5 in the EC layers at post-stenotic regions of rat aortas exposed to disturbed flow with OSS. PPP/PU suppressed OSS-induced expression of cell cycle regulatory and pro-inflammatory genes in ECs. Moreover, PPP/PU inhibited inflammation-induced VSMC dysfunction. Conclusion PPP/PU protect against OSS-induced vascular remodeling through inhibiting force-specific activation of Smad1/5 in ECs and this mechanism contributes to their anti-atherogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Lian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wan-Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-I Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Zhan-Ying Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Active Components and Drug Release Technology of Natural Drugs, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo P. Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 38650225 PMCID: PMC10973758 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Melgarejo-Sánchez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Martínez-Nicolás
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
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9
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Computational study of pomegranate peel extract polyphenols as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 virus internalization. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1179-1193. [PMID: 33200379 PMCID: PMC7668668 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective coronavirus disease (COVID-19) therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to its unprecedented health care system overload worldwide. We have carried out a study to investigate the in silico effects of the most abundant pomegranate peel extract constituents on the multi-step process of serious acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) internalization in the host cells. Binding affinities and interactions of ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin and punicalin were studied on four selected protein targets with a significant and confirmed role in the process of the entry of virus into a host cell. The protein targets used in this study were: SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2. The results showed that the constituents of pomegranate peel extracts, namely punicalagin and punicalin had very promising potential for significant interactions with the selected protein targets and were therefore deemed good candidates for further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
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Oksal E, Pangestika I, Muhammad TST, Mohamad H, Amir H, Kassim MNI, Andriani Y. In vitro and in vivo studies of nanoparticles of chitosan- Pandanus tectorius fruit extract as new alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia via Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1263-1275. [PMID: 33132720 PMCID: PMC7584805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandanus tectorius fruit, a natural product rich in tangeretin and ethyl caffeate, has been reported to have potential as anti-hypercholesterolemia agent via Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) pathway. However, due to its semi-polar properties, P. tectorius extract exhibits poor solubility when used as a medical remedy. The extract’s solubility can potentially be improved through a synthesis of nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract. This can also increase the extract’s SR-B1 gene expression activity. To date, no studies of nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract and its pathway via SR-B1 have been published anywhere. In this study, cytotoxicity properties against HepG2 were explored by MTT. Then luciferase assay was used to detect their effectiveness in increasing SR-B1 activity. An in vivo study using Sprague dawley was carried out to observe the extract nanoparticles’ effectiveness in reducing the cholesterol levels and the toxicity property in rat’s liver. As the results showed, the extract nanoparticles had no cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells and exhibited higher SR-B1 gene expression activity than the non-nanoparticle form. As the in vivo study proved, nanoparticle treatment can reduce the levels of TC (197%), LDL (360%), and TG (109%), as well as increase the level of HDL cholesterol by 150%, in comparison to those for the untreated high-cholesterol diet group. From the toxicity study, it was found that there was non-toxicity in the liver. It can be concluded that nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract successfully increased P. tectorius fruit extract’s effectiveness in reducing hypercholesterolemia via SR-B1 pathway. Hence, it can be suggested that nanoparticles of chitosan-P. tectorius fruit extract is safe and suitable as an alternative treatment for controlling hypercholesterolemia via SR-B1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efriyana Oksal
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Inten Pangestika
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Research Management Center, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hermansyah Amir
- Educational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia
| | - Murni Nur Islamiah Kassim
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yosie Andriani
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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El-Sayyad HIH, El-Gallil HA, El-Ghaweet HA. Synergistic effects of pomegranate juice and atorvastatin for improving cerebellar structure and function of breast-feeding rats maternally fed on a high cholesterol diet. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101798. [PMID: 32339653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly cholesterol-diet is associated with atherosclerosis and little about the development of cerebellar cortex disorder. The study illustrated the changes of cerebellar cortex of rat neonate maternally fed on high cholesterol diet and the capacity of pomegranate alone or in combination with atorvastatin to improve it. Eighty-eight pregnant Wister rats were divided into eight groups (n = 11); control, pomegranate supplemented group (daily orally 0.4 mL (20 %), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg BT), hypercholesterolemia (dietary consumption 3% cholesterol for 6 weeks prior to conception and throughout gestation and lactation period), hypercholesterolemia and pomegranate or atorvastatin, hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin and pomegranate. Dams and their offspring were sacrificed at 21 days post-partum. Sera of mother and cerebellum of offspring were investigated biochemically as well as histo-cytological changes of cerebellar cortex of offspring. Offspring maternally fed on high cholesterol diet showed damage of the cerebellar Purkinje and granular cells associated with demyelination, increased caspase 3 immunohistochemistry and increased DNA damage. These were associated with decreased brain neurotransmitters and increase apoptic markers. Dams supplemented pomegranate and/or atorvastatin improved the assayed parameters more than that of atorvastatin alone. The authors concluded that pomegranate juice contains potent antioxidant nutrients capable of reducing the cytotoxicity of hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin, and enhancing the structure and function of the cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I H El-Sayyad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | - Heba A El-Ghaweet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Salama AA, Ismael NM, Bedewy M. The Anti-inflammatory and Antiatherogenic In Vivo Effects of Pomegranate Peel Powder: From Waste to Medicinal Food. J Med Food 2020; 24:145-150. [PMID: 32316851 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality are cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that pose a major health concern affecting patients' quality of life. Pomegranate fruit contains unique compounds with various bioactivities and has been used as a powerful medicinal food in various illnesses, including CVD. Several trials confirmed the therapeutic impacts of its edible portion, but trials on pomegranate peel's impacts are fewer. Our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic in vivo effects of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty-eight albino rats were distributed among four groups: I (control), II (on HFD), III (on HFD and PPP 0.5 g/kg BW), and IV (on HFD and 1 g/kg BW). Blood samples were tested for interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and some primary biochemical parameters. HFD induced significant elevations in cholesterol and inflammatory markers as compared with controls. Nevertheless, HDL, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and albumin showed no change in all rats. In both PPP treatment groups, CRP and SAA levels were reduced significantly with significant decrease in TC. Samples of thoracic aorta from treatment groups showed a normal appearance and amelioration of subclinical atherosclerotic changes found in HFD group. PPP exhibited anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects in comparison to HFD controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Salama
- Department of Nutrition and Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Ismael
- Department of Nutrition and Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magdy Bedewy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology. Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Dos Santos RL. Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3684-3699. [PMID: 32250215 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. METHODS Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. CONCLUSION This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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Pomegranate as a Potential Alternative of Pain Management: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040419. [PMID: 32235455 PMCID: PMC7238014 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) has been used in traditional medicine for different kinds of pain. This review aims to explore the scientific evidence about the antinociceptive effect of pomegranate. A selection of original scientific articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria was carried out. It was found that different parts of pomegranate showed an antinociceptive effect; this effect can be due mainly by the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, or fatty acids. It is suggested in the literature that the mechanisms of action may be related to the activation of the L-arginine / NO pathway, members of the TRP superfamily (TRPA1 or TRPV1) and the opioid system. The implications for the field are to know the mechanisms of action by which this effect is generated and thus be able to create alternative treatments for specific types of pain, which help alleviate it and reduce the adverse effects produced by drugs. The results propose that pomegranate and secondary metabolites could be considered in the treatment of inflammatory, nociceptive, and neuropathic pain.
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Morittu VM, Mastellone V, Tundis R, Loizzo MR, Tudisco R, Figoli A, Cassano A, Musco N, Britti D, Infascelli F, Lombardi P. Antioxidant, Biochemical, and In-Life Effects of Punica granatum L. Natural Juice vs. Clarified Juice by Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020242. [PMID: 32102311 PMCID: PMC7074394 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A clarification method was proposed to ameliorate the technological quality of fruit juices by preserving bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities and the in vivo effects of Punica granatum L. natural (NJ) and clarified (CJ) juice by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane. CJ was more active as an antioxidant and as a α-glucosidase inhibitor than NJ. Mice were orally gavaged with water (Control), NJ, and CJ for 28 days. NJ group showed significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amino transferase, and creatine-phosphokinase. CJ administration was associated with urea, creatine-phosphokinase, and triglycerides values significantly lower with respect to the control. Oxidative status was ameliorated with CJ administration, showing a reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) reduction of 32% and a biological antioxidant potential (BAP) boosting of 23% compared to the control, whereas NJ did not show a similar effect. Results confirmed the beneficial properties of pomegranate juice, showing that membrane clarification may enhance such effects in terms of antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maria Morittu
- C.I.S.—Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (R.T.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87030 Rende, Italy; (R.T.); (M.R.L.)
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87030 Rende, Italy; (R.T.); (M.R.L.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (R.T.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, Italian National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy; (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (R.T.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-6074
| | - Domenico Britti
- C.I.S.—Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (R.T.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (R.T.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Red Wine Grape Pomace Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage and Increases Survival in Association with Improved Plasma Antioxidant Activity in a Murine Model of Lethal Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092135. [PMID: 31500172 PMCID: PMC6770693 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern and high quality nutrient intake reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Red wine grape pomace (RWGP)—a rich natural source of dietary fiber and antioxidants—appears to be a potential functional food ingredient. The impact of a dietary supplementation with RWGP flour was evaluated in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease. SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed with atherogenic (high fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid, HFC) diet supplemented with: (a) 20% chow (HFC-Control), (b) 20% RWGP flour (HFC-RWGP), or (c) 10% chow/10% oat fiber (HFC-Fiber); and survival time was evaluated. In addition, SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed for 7 or 14 days with HFC-Control or HFC-RWGP diets and plasma lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity were measured. Atherosclerosis and myocardial damage were assessed by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Supplementation with RWGP reduced premature death, changed TNF-α and IL-10 levels, and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Moreover, decreased atheromatous aortic and brachiocephalic plaque sizes and attenuated myocardial infarction and dysfunction were also observed. These results suggest that RWGP flour intake may be used as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, contributing to decreased progression of atherosclerosis, reduced coronary heart disease, and improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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Zhao W, Wang L, Haller V, Ritsch A. A Novel Candidate for Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Urolithin B Decreases Lipid Plaque Deposition in apoE -/- Mice and Increases Early Stages of Reverse Cholesterol Transport in ox-LDL Treated Macrophages Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800887. [PMID: 30762936 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE HDL cholesterol is inversely related to the incidence of atherosclerosis. Polyphenols including ellagitannins have been shown to exert antiatherogenic properties. Urolithin B is formed from ellagitannins by components of the gut microbiota, and urolithins might be involved in beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases in vitro. In this study, the influence of urolithin B on several parameters involved in the lipid plaque deposition and the reverse cholesterol transport is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In apoE-/- mice and two different macrophage cell lines, the influence of urolithin B and its phase II conjugated metabolite on lipid plaque deposition, cholesterol uptake, and expression of ABCA1 and SR-BI is tested. It is shown that urolithin B decreases lipid plaque deposition, both urolithin B and urolithin B sulfate modulate expression of SR-BI and ABCA1, and cholesterol efflux increases from cholesterol laden macrophages to HDL particles as well as to reverse lipid uptake by stimulated THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Urolithin B can decrease lipid plaque deposition, and urolithin B and urolithin B sulfate are able to induce reverse cholesterol transport by influencing expression of key proteins of this pathway. Urolithin B may represent the basis for development of new drugs for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao,You An Men, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao,You An Men, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Viktoria Haller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Treating Coronary Heart Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3231424. [PMID: 30918578 PMCID: PMC6409025 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3231424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been closely related with coronary artery disease. In coronary heart disease (CHD), an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production generates endothelial cell and smooth muscle functional disorders, leading to a disequilibrium between the antioxidant capacity and prooxidants. ROS also leads to inflammatory signal activation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which can promote and increase the occurrence and development of CHD. There are several kinds of antioxidative and small molecular systems of antioxidants, such as β-carotene, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and reduced glutathione (GSH). Studies have shown that antioxidant treatment was effective and decreased the risk of CHD, but the effect of the treatment varies greatly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for thousands of years in China and is becoming increasingly popular all over the world, especially for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases. This review will concentrate on the evidence of the action mechanism of TCM in preventing CHD by modulating oxidative stress-related signaling pathways.
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Sumere BR, de Souza MC, Dos Santos MP, Bezerra RMN, da Cunha DT, Martinez J, Rostagno MA. Combining pressurized liquids with ultrasound to improve the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:151-162. [PMID: 30080537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The combination of ultrasound and pressurized liquid extraction (UAPLE) was evaluated for the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peels (Punica granatum L.). The influence of several variables of the process on extraction yield, including solvent type (water, ethanol + water 30, 50 and 70% v:v), temperature (50-100 °C), ultrasound power (0-800 W at the generator, or 0-38.5 W at the tip of the probe), mean particle size (0.68 and 1.05 mm), and number of cycles (1-5), were analyzed according to the yield of 20 different phenolic compounds. The most suitable temperatures for the extraction of phenolic compounds using water were from 70 to 80 °C. In general, 100 °C was not adequate since the lowest extraction yields were observed. Results suggested that ultrasound had a greater impact on extraction yields using large particles and that intermediate ultrasound power (480-640 W at the generator, or 23.1-30.8 W at the tip of the probe) produced the best results. Using small particles (0.68 mm) or large particles (1.05 mm), extraction with ultrasound was 1 cycle faster. Ultrasound may have offset the negative effect of the use of large particles, however, did not increase the yield of phenolic compounds in any of the cases studied after five cycles. Additionally, the continuous clogging problems observed with small particles were avoided with the use of large particles, which combined with ultrasound allowed consistent operation with good intra and inter-day reproducibility (>95%). Using samples with large particle size, the best extraction conditions were achieved with water extraction solvent, 70 °C extraction temperature, ultrasound power at 480 W, and 3 cycles, yielding 61.72 ± 7.70 mg/g. UAPLE demonstrated to be a clean, efficient and a green alternative for the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peels. These findings indicate that UAPLE has a great potential to improve the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocchetti Sumere
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Corrêa de Souza
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacífico Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Thimoteo da Cunha
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julian Martinez
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering (LAPEA), Department of Food Engineering, College of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Ariel Rostagno
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods (LAPFAL), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pan H, Zhang M. Serum of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients induces oxidative stress injury on endothelial cells. Pteridines 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has a fundamental role in the development of atherosclerosis, which leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of serum from patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) on endothelial cells and investigate the possible mechanism underlying these effects. Serum from 35 patients with CAD and 35 healthy volunteers was collected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by a CCK‑8 assay and a flow cytometry assay, respectively. The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the nitrate reduction method and DCFH2-DA staining, respectively. The proliferation of HUVECs was inhibited by treatment with serum from CAD patients (P<0.05). Suppression of HUVEC proliferation by CAD serum occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The synthesis of NO was also reduced in the CAD serum-treated group. Furthermore, the serum from CAD patients increased both apoptosis and intracellular ROS production in HUVECs. Moreover, treatment with tempol antagonized CAD serum-meditated HUVEC injuries. Taken together, these results suggest that HUVEC injury via CAD serum treatment is mediated by ROS production. Tempol may partly reverse this effect by abolishing HUVEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Pan
- Division Of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai , China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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Gonzalez L, MacDonald ME, Deng YD, Trigatti BL. Hyperglycemia Aggravates Diet-Induced Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction in SR-B1-Knockout/ApoE-Hypomorphic Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1398. [PMID: 30356742 PMCID: PMC6189369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Animal model studies in mice revealed that hyperglycemia increases development of atherosclerosis in the aorta as well as myocardial fibrosis in surgical models of coronary artery ligation; however, the impact of hyperglycemia on coronary artery atherosclerosis and subsequent heart disease is less clear. To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, we used a mouse model of diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, the high fat/high cholesterol (HFC) diet fed SR-B1 knockout (KO)/apoE-hypomorphic (HypoE) mouse. Hyperglycemia was induced in these mice by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. This increased HFC diet-dependent atherosclerosis development (p = 0.02) and necrotic core formation (p = 0.0008) in atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic sinus but did not increase the extent of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. However, it did increase the extent of platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries (p = 0.017). This was accompanied by increased myocardial fibrosis (p = 0.005) and reduced survival (p = 0.01) compared to control-treated, normoglycemic mice. These results demonstrate that STZ-treatment exerted differential effects on the level of atherosclerosis in the aortic sinus and coronary arteries. These results also suggest that SR-B1-KO/HypoE mice may be a useful non-surgical model of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the context of coronary artery atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gonzalez
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yak D Deng
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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23
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Simultaneous separation and concentration of polyphenols from pomegranate industrial waste by multistage counter-current system; comparing with ultrafiltration concentration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Contreras-Duarte S, Chen P, Andía M, Uribe S, Irarrázaval P, Kopp S, Kern S, Marsche G, Busso D, Wadsack C, Rigotti A. Attenuation of atherogenic apo B-48-dependent hyperlipidemia and high density lipoprotein remodeling induced by vitamin C and E combination and their beneficial effect on lethal ischemic heart disease in mice. Biol Res 2018; 51:34. [PMID: 30219096 PMCID: PMC6138920 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and its underlying pathogenesis involves dyslipidemia including pro-atherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling. Vitamins C and E have been proposed as atheroprotective agents for cardiovascular disease management. However, their effects and benefits on high density lipoprotein function and remodeling are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin C and E on non HDL lipoproteins as well as HDL function and remodeling, along with their effects on inflammation/oxidation biomarkers and atherosclerosis in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. Methods and results Mice were pre-treated for 5 weeks before and during atherogenic diet feeding with vitamin C and E added to water and diet, respectively. Compared to a control group, combined vitamin C and E administration reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by decreasing apo B-48-containing lipoproteins, remodeled HDL particles by reducing phospholipid as well as increasing PON1 and apo D content, and diminished PLTP activity and levels. Vitamin supplementation improved HDL antioxidant function and lowered serum TNF-α levels. Vitamin C and E combination attenuated atherogenesis and increased lifespan in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. Conclusions Vitamin C and E administration showed significant lipid metabolism regulating effects, including HDL remodeling and decreased levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins, in mice. In addition, this vitamin supplementation generated a cardioprotective effect in a murine model of severe and lethal atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Contreras-Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay #362 - 4º, Piso, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay #362 - 4º, Piso, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Andía
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Uribe
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Irarrázaval
- Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Kopp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Kern
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Busso
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay #362 - 4º, Piso, 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay #362 - 4º, Piso, 8330024, Santiago, Chile. .,Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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25
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Bassiri-Jahromi S. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) activity in health promotion and cancer prevention. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:345. [PMID: 29441150 PMCID: PMC5806496 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most fatal diseases in most countries. In spite of the medical care developing, cancer still remains a significant problem. The majority of the cancers are resistant to treatment. Thus, the research for novel, more efficient and less side effect treatment methods continues. Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, with potential health interests. Research concern in pomegranate is increasing because of their anticancer potential due to possess rich in polyphenols. We highlight the pomegranate potential health benefits and mechanism of cancer progression inhibition. Pomegranate has indicated antiproliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-invasive effects on different cancer cell line in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial. The aim of this review is to evaluate functional properties and the medical benifits of pomegranate against various cancer diseases. In addition, pomegranate properties in in vitro and in vivo experimental human and animal clinical trials and its future use are explored. The available data suggest that Punica granatum (pomegranate) might be used in the control and potential therapeutic for some disease conditions and benefits human health status. This review summarizes in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies highlighting the pomegranate role in prevent and treatment of breast, prostate, lung, colon, skin and hepatocellular cell cancers.
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26
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Yu P, Xiong T, Tenedero CB, Lebeau P, Ni R, MacDonald ME, Gross PL, Austin RC, Trigatti BL. Rosuvastatin Reduces Aortic Sinus and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in SR-B1 (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1)/ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) Double Knockout Mice Independently of Plasma Cholesterol Lowering. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:26-39. [PMID: 29162602 PMCID: PMC5757666 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.305140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Rosuvastatin has been widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. However, its antiatherosclerotic properties have not been tested in a mouse model that could mimic human coronary heart disease. The present study was designed to test the effects of rosuvastatin on coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial fibrosis in SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1) and apoE (apolipoprotein E) double knockout mice. Approach and Results— Three-week-old SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice were injected daily with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin for 2 weeks. Compared with saline-treated mice, rosuvastatin-treated mice showed increased levels of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9) and LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) message, increased plasma PCSK9 protein but decreased levels of hepatic LDLR protein and increased plasma total cholesterol associated with apoB (apolipoprotein B) 48-containing lipoproteins. In spite of this, rosuvastatin treatment was associated with decreased atherosclerosis in both the aortic sinus and coronary arteries and reduced platelet accumulation in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomegaly were also attenuated in rosuvastatin-treated SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice. Two-week treatment with rosuvastatin resulted in significant decreases in markers of oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro analysis showed that incubation of bone marrow-derived macrophages with rosuvastatin substantially downregulated cluster of differentiation (CD)36 and inhibited oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation. Conclusions— Rosuvastatin protected SR-B1−/−/apoE−/− mice against atherosclerosis and platelet accumulation in coronary arteries and attenuated myocardial fibrosis and cardiomegaly, despite increased plasma total cholesterol. The ability of rosuvastatin to reduce oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerotic plaques and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation may have contributed to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Xiong
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine B Tenedero
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Lebeau
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ran Ni
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter L Gross
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernardo L Trigatti
- From the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., R.N., M.E.M., P.L.G., R.C.A., B.L.T.), St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research (P.L., R.C.A.), Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (P.Y., T.X., C.B.T., M.E.M., B.L.T.), and Department of Medicine (P.L., R.N., P.L.G., R.C.A.), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Danesi F, Ferguson LR. Could Pomegranate Juice Help in the Control of Inflammatory Diseases? Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090958. [PMID: 28867799 PMCID: PMC5622718 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits rich in polyphenols, such as pomegranates, have been shown to have health benefits relating to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Using data obtained from PubMed and Scopus, this article provides a brief overview of the therapeutic effects of pomegranate on chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and other inflammatory-associated conditions, with an emphasis on fruit-derived juices. Most studies regarding the effects of pomegranate juice have focused on its ability to treat prostate cancer, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. However, pomegranate juice has shown therapeutic potential for many other illnesses. For instance, a small number of human clinical trials have highlighted the positive effects of pomegranate juice and extract consumption on cardiovascular health. The beneficial effects of pomegranate components have also been observed in animal models for respiratory diseases, RA, neurodegenerative disease, and hyperlipidaemia. Furthermore, there exists strong evidence from rodent models suggesting that pomegranate juice can be used to effectively treat IBD, and as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat CID. The effects of pomegranate intake should be further investigated by conducting larger and more well-defined human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Evidence for the effectiveness of pomegranate supplementation for blood pressure management is weak: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Res 2017; 46:38-48. [PMID: 29173650 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature death. Studies have been conducted assessing the impact of pomegranate on blood pressure, with varying results. The aim of this review was to critically appraise and evaluate the effect of pomegranate on blood pressure in adults, using evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase, Amed, and The Cochrane Library, and included RCTs assessing the effectiveness of pomegranate on blood pressure. We assessed the reporting quality using the Cochrane criteria. We included 8 RCTs comprising 619 participants. The studies varied in their reporting quality, and compared pomegranate juice or capsules with a control. Two studies reported significant reductions in systolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .002 and p < .001 respectively; 3 studies reported no significant differences between groups; and 3 studies failed to report between-group differences. Two studies reported significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure favoring pomegranate: p = .038, p < .001, respectively; 4 studies reported no significant between-group differences; and 2 studies did not report between group differences. No adverse events were observed. The limited evidence from clinical trials to date fails to convincingly show a beneficial effect of pomegranate on blood pressure. We have identified evidence gaps and highlight areas for future research to be conducted, including performing studies of high quality and longer duration.
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29
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Ibrahim M, Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ishola AA, Draman S, Isa MLM, Yusof AM. Baccaurea angulata fruit juice reduces atherosclerotic lesions in diet-induced Hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 28687076 PMCID: PMC5501101 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued. Methods Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly. Results The supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with only 0.5 mL BA/kg rabbit per day significantly (p < 0.001) improved aortic lipid profile, attenuated aortic fatty streak development and reduced intima thickening. Higher BA doses used (1.0 and 1.5 mL/kg rabbit per day) also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased further the development of aortic fatty streaks, reduced the thickening of the tunica intima layer and preserved endothelial healing following arterial injury. Conclusion Therefore, BA fruit is a potential novel functional food with effective anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and hypocholesterolemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Idris Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. .,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Maryam Abimbola Mikail
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Samsul Draman
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Lokman Md Isa
- Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Afzan Mat Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
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30
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Zhao CN, Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Liu Q, Tang GY, Li HB. Fruits for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:E598. [PMID: 28608832 PMCID: PMC5490577 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global health problems. Accumulating epidemiological studies have indicated that consuming fruits was inversely related to the risk of CVDs. Moreover, substantial experimental studies have supported the protective role of fruits against CVDs, and several fruits (grape, blueberry, pomegranate, apple, hawthorn, and avocado) have been widely studied and have shown potent cardiovascular protective action. Fruits can prevent CVDs or facilitate the restoration of morphology and functions of heart and vessels after injury. The involved mechanisms included protecting vascular endothelial function, regulating lipids metabolism, modulating blood pressure, inhibiting platelets function, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, suppressing thrombosis, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. The present review summarizes recent discoveries about the effects of fruits on CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of actions based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Conidi C, Cassano A, Caiazzo F, Drioli E. Separation and purification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate juice by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sohrab G, Ebrahimof S, Sotoudeh G, Neyestani TR, Angoorani P, Hedayati M, Siasi F. Effects of pomegranate juice consumption on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:249-255. [PMID: 27633135 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased free radicals production due to hyperglycemia produces oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. Pomegranate juice (PJ) has antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effects of PJ consumption in oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was a randomized clinical trial performed on 60, 40-65 years old diabetic patients. The patients were randomly allocated either to PJ consumption group or control. Patients in PJ group consumed 200 ml of PJ daily for six weeks. Sex distribution and the mean age were not different between two groups. After six weeks intervention, oxidized LDL and anti-oxidized LDL antibodies decreased and total serum antioxidant capacity and arylesterase activity of paraoxonase increased significantly in the PJ-treated group compared to the control group. Our data have shown that six weeks supplementation of PJ could have favorable effects on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Golbon Sohrab
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Giti Sotoudeh
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Tirang Reza Neyestani
- d Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- b Cellular & Molecular Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- e Cellular-Molecular Research center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Siasi
- c Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Manohar R, Kessler CS. Āyurveda's Contributions to Vegetarian Nutrition in Medicine. Complement Med Res 2016; 23:89-94. [PMID: 27159979 DOI: 10.1159/000445400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Āyurveda is one of the oldest codified traditional systems of medicine on a global scale. Grounded in Indian culture it has developed a sophisticated approach to healthy nutrition and nutritional therapy for the management of diseases within the framework of its whole systems paradigm. Medical interventions have been considered to be ineffective without the support of a balanced diet. Vegetarian nutrition plays a key role in customized preventive and therapeutic Āyurvedic strategies based on an individualized approach to healthcare, while broadly labeling Āyurveda as 'vegetarian medicine' would be an exaggeration. Revolt against animal slaughter, compassion through spiritual practices, and the Āyurvedic understanding of the nutritional properties of the plant kingdom led to the dominance of vegetarianism in India. Āyurveda elaborates on 8 crucial aspects to be considered with respect to a balanced diet. This paper illuminates the complex historic embedding of the Āyurvedic nutritional approach and gives a detailed text-based explanation on why and how vegetarian nutrition can be applied in both prevention and cure of diseases from the perspective of traditional Indian medicine.
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Bouasla A, Bouasla I, Boumendjel A, Abdennour C, El Feki A, Messarah M. Prophylactic effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in liver and erythrocytes of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:709-18. [PMID: 27124270 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PGJ) on oxidative damages in liver tissue and erythrocytes of rats intoxicated by sodium fluoride (NaF). Rats were randomly divided into two groups: group I received standard diet and group II received orally 1 mL of PGJ. After 5 weeks of pretreatment, each group was divided again into two subgroups and treated for another 3 weeks as follows: group I was subdivided into a control group and a group that was treated with 100 ppm of NaF (in drinking water); group II was subdivided into one group that was treated daily with both 100 ppm NaF and PGJ (1 mL orally) and one that received daily 1 mL of pomegranate juice. Exposure to NaF decreased hematological parameters, changed the total protein, albumin, bilirubin levels, and increased the activities of hepatic marker enzymes. We also noted an increase in lipid peroxidation contents, accompanied by a decrease of reduced glutathione levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities in both tissues were modified in the NaF group compared with the control group. However, the administration of PGJ juice caused an amelioration of the previous parameters. Our results indicated the potential effects of NaF to induce oxidative damage in tissues and the ability of PGJ to attenuate NaF-induced oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouasla
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Ihcène Bouasla
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Cherif Abdennour
- b Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- c Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Sfax, Soukra Road Km 3.5, BP 802, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mahfoud Messarah
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
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Zhao W, Haller V, Ritsch A. The polyphenol PGG enhances expression of SR-BI and ABCA1 in J774 and THP-1 macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:611-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Trigatti BL, Fuller M. HDL signaling and protection against coronary artery atherosclerosis in mice. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:94-100. [PMID: 26642235 PMCID: PMC4820886 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading underlying factor in cardiovascular disease and stroke, important causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Abundant epidemiological studies demonstrate that high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and preclinical, animal model studies demonstrate that this association is causative. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL will allow more strategic approaches to development of HDL based therapeutics. Recent evidence suggests that an important aspect of the ability of HDL to protect against atherosclerosis is its ability to trigger signaling responses in a variety of target cells including endothelial cells and macrophages in the vessel wall. These signaling responses require the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), an adaptor protein (PDZK1) that binds to the cytosolic C terminus of SR-B1, Akt1 activation and (at least in endothelial cells) activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Mouse models of atherosclerosis, exemplified by apolipoprotein E or low density lipoprotein receptor gene inactivated mice (apoE or LDLR KO) develop atherosclerosis in their aortas but appear generally resistant to coronary artery atherosclerosis. On the other hand, inactivation of each of the components of HDL signaling (above) in either apoE or LDLR KO mice renders them susceptible to extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis suggesting that HDL signaling may play an important role in protection against coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada;
| | - Mark Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
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Aharoni S, Lati Y, Aviram M, Fuhrman B. Pomegranate juice polyphenols induce a phenotypic switch in macrophage polarization favoring a M2 anti-inflammatory state. Biofactors 2015; 41:44-51. [PMID: 25650983 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It was documented that pomegranate has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated a direct effect of pomegranate juice (PJ) and its polyphenols on macrophage inflammatory phenotype. In vitro, PJ and its major polyphenols dose-dependently attenuated macrophage response to M1 proinflammatory activation in J774.A1 macrophage-like cell line. This was evidenced by a significant decrease in TNFα and IL-6 secretion in response to stimulation by IFNγ and Lipopolysaccharide. In addition, PJ and punicalagin dose-dependently promoted the macrophages toward a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, as determined by a significant increase in the spontaneous secretion of IL-10. In mice, supplementation with dietary PJ substantially inhibited the M2 to M1 macrophage phenotypic shift associated with age, toward a favorable anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This effect was also reflected in the mice atherosclerotic plaques, as evaluated by the distinct expression of arginase isoforms. PJ consumption inhibited the increment of arginase II (Arg II, M1) mRNA expression during aging, and maintained the levels of Arg I (M2) expression similar to those in young mice aorta. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that pomegranate polyphenols directly suppress macrophage inflammatory responses and promote M1 to M2 switch in macrophage phenotype. Furthermore, this study indicates that PJ consumption may inhibit the progressive proinflammatory state in the aorta along atherosclerosis development with aging, due to a switch in macrophage phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Aharoni
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Aviram M. Anti-atherogenic properties of date vs. pomegranate polyphenols: the benefits of the combination. Food Funct 2015; 6:1496-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00998c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MPM cholesterol content was not significantly affected by consumption of PJ or date seed extract alone. In contrast, consumption of Hallawi date fruit extract or a combination of PJ together with date fruit and date seeds extract significantly decreased macrophage cholesterol content by 12% or 28%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
| | | | | | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory
- Rambam Health Care Campus
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa
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Akhtar S, Ismail T, Fraternale D, Sestili P. Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: chemistry and food features. Food Chem 2014; 174:417-25. [PMID: 25529700 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the nutritional, functional and anti-infective properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel (PoP) and peel extract (PoPx) and on their applications as food additives, functional food ingredients or biologically active components in nutraceutical preparations. Due to their well-known ethnomedical relevance and chemical features, the biomolecules available in PoP and PoPx have been proposed, for instance, as substitutes of synthetic food additives, as nutraceuticals and chemopreventive agents. However, because of their astringency and anti-nutritional properties, PoP and PoPx are not yet considered as ingredients of choice in food systems. Indeed, considering the prospects related to both their health promoting activity and chemical features, the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of PoP and PoPx seems to be still underestimated. The present review meticulously covers the wide range of actual and possible applications (food preservatives, stabilizers, supplements, prebiotics and quality enhancers) of PoP and PoPx components in various food products. Given the overall properties of PoP and PoPx, further investigations in toxicological and sensory aspects of PoP and PoPx should be encouraged to fully exploit the health promoting and technical/economic potential of these waste materials as food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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