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Abstract
Mitochondrial energy metabolism depends upon high-flux and low-flux electron transfer pathways. The former provide the energy to support chemiosmotic coupling for oxidative phosphorylation. The latter provide mechanisms for signaling and control of mitochondrial functions. Few practical methods are available to measure rates of individual mitochondrial electron transfer reactions; however, a number of approaches are available to measure steady-state redox potentials (E h) of donor/acceptor couples, and these can be used to gain insight into rate controlling reactions as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Redox changes within the respiratory electron transfer pathway are quantified by optical spectroscopy and measurement of changes in autofluorescence. Low-flux pathways involving thiol/disulfide redox couples are measured by redox Western blot and mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics. Together, the approaches provide the opportunity to develop integrated systems biology descriptions of mitochondrial redox signaling and control mechanisms.
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2
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Calabrese EJ. Pre- and post-conditioning hormesis in elderly mice, rats, and humans: its loss and restoration. Biogerontology 2016; 17:681-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Luo SY, Chen S, Qin YD, Chen ZW. Urotensin-ⅡReceptor Antagonist SB-710411 Protects Rat Heart against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via RhoA/ROCK Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146094. [PMID: 26771557 PMCID: PMC4714846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim SB-710411 is a rat selective urotensin-II (U-II) receptor antagonist, which can block U-II-induced contraction of the aorta and inhibit U-II-induced myocardial fibrosis in rats. However, the effect of SB-710411 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether SB-710411 has a protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats and the possible mechanisms. Methods and Results Myocardial I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hemodynamic parameters, electrocardiogram (ECG), infarct size, histological alteration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), RhoA, and the protein expressions of U-II receptor (UTR), ROCK1 and ROCK2 were evaluated. Cardiac I/R injury significantly up-regulated the expressions of UTR, ROCK1 and ROCK2 proteins in rat myocardium. SB-710411 1.0 and 2.0 μg/kg significantly reduced cardiac I/R-induced the infarct size and histological damage in rat myocardium, markedly inhibited the changes of hemodynamic parameters and the increases of ST-segment in ECG, the serum LDH and CK-MB activities and cTnI level in rats subjected to myocardial I/R injury. Furthermore, SB-710411 obviously prevented myocardial I/R-increased RhoA activity and UTR, ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein expressions. Conclusions Our results indicate that cardiac I/R injury increases myocardial UTR expression, and SB-710411 has a potent protective effect on myocardial I/R injury in rats. The cardioprotection may be associated with the inhibition of UTR-RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui academy of medical sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Xinglin College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-De Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Stebbings KA, Choi HW, Ravindra A, Caspary DM, Turner JG, Llano DA. Ageing-related changes in GABAergic inhibition in mouse auditory cortex, measured using in vitro flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging. J Physiol 2015; 594:207-21. [PMID: 26503482 DOI: 10.1113/jp271221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ageing is associated with hearing loss and changes in GABAergic signalling in the auditory system. We tested whether GABAergic signalling in an isolated forebrain preparation also showed ageing-related changes. A novel approach was used, whereby population imaging was coupled to quantitative pharmacological sensitivity. Sensitivity to GABAA blockade was inversely associated with age and cortical thickness, but hearing loss did not independently contribute to the change in GABAA ergic sensitivity. Redox states in the auditory cortex of young and aged animals were similar, suggesting that the differences in GABAA ergic sensitivity are unlikely to be due to differences in slice health. To examine ageing-related changes in the earliest stages of auditory cortical processing, population auditory cortical responses to thalamic afferent stimulation were studied in brain slices obtained from young and aged CBA/CAj mice (up to 28 months of age). Cortical responses were measured using flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging, and ageing-related changes in inhibition were assessed by measuring the sensitivity of these responses to blockade of GABAA receptors using bath-applied SR95531. The maximum auditory cortical response to afferent stimulation was not different between young and aged animals under control conditions, but responses to afferent stimulation in aged animals showed a significantly lower sensitivity to GABA blockade with SR95531. Cortical thickness, but not hearing loss, improved the prediction of all imaging variables when combined with age, particularly sensitivity to GABA blockade for the maximum response. To determine if the observed differences between slices from young and aged animals were due to differences in slice health, the redox state in the auditory cortex was assessed by measuring the FAD+/NADH ratio using fluorescence imaging. We found that this ratio is highly sensitive to known redox stressors such as H2 O2 and NaCN; however, no difference was found between young and aged animals. By using a new approach to quantitatively assess pharmacological sensitivity of population-level cortical responses to afferent stimulation, these data demonstrate that auditory cortical inhibition diminishes with ageing. Furthermore, these data establish a significant relationship between cortical thickness and GABAergic sensitivity, which had not previously been observed in an animal model of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Stebbings
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - H W Choi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A Ravindra
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - D M Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University College of Medicine, IL, USA
| | - J G Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University College of Medicine, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Illinois College, IL, USA
| | - D A Llano
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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MasoudiMotlagh M, Sepehr R, Sheibani N, Sorenson CM, Ranji M. Optical cryoimaging of mitochondrial redox state in bronchopulmonary-dysplasia injury models in mice lungs. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:159-62. [PMID: 25694965 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants exposed to high levels of oxygen. This is mainly attributed to increased oxidative stress and angiogenesis defects impacting lung alveolarization. METHODS Here we use optical imaging to investigate the role of Bcl-2 in modulation of oxidative stress and angiogenesis and pathogenesis of BPD. Cryoimaging of the mitochondrial redox state of mouse lungs was applied to determine the metabolic state of the lungs from Bcl-2 +/+ (control), Bcl-2-deleted in the endothelium (Bcl-2 VE-cad) and Bcl-2-deficient (Bcl-2 -/-; global null) using mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), and FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) as the primary electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation. RESULTS We observed a 47% and 26% decrease in the NADH redox in Bcl-2 deficient lungs, Bcl-2 -/- and Bcl-2 VE-cad, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Bcl-2 deficiency is associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress contributing to reduced angiogenesis and enhanced pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad MasoudiMotlagh
- 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Reyhaneh Sepehr
- 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- 1 Biophotonics laboratory, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA ; Departments of 2 Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and 3 Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Ghanian Z, Maleki S, Park S, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N, Ranji M. Organ specific optical imaging of mitochondrial redox state in a rodent model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-1. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:799-809. [PMID: 23740865 PMCID: PMC4324470 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia-1 (HHT-1) is a vascular disease caused by mutations in the endoglin (Eng)/CD105 gene. The objective of this study was to quantify the oxidative state of a rodent model of HHT-1 using an optical imaging technique. We used a cryofluorescence imaging instrument to quantitatively assess tissue metabolism in this model. Mitochondrial redox ratio (FAD/NADH), FAD RR, was used as a quantitative marker of the metabolic status and was examined in the kidneys, and eyes of wild-type and Eng +/- mice. Kidneys and eyes from wild-type P21, 6W, and 10M old mice showed, respectively, a 9% (±2), 24% (±0.4), 15% (±1), and 23% (±4), 33% (±0.6), and 30% (±2) change in the mean FAD RR compared to Eng +/- mice at the same age. Thus, endoglin haploinsufficiency is associated with less oxidative stress in various organs and mitigation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sepideh Maleki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - SunYoung Park
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Ghanian Z, Maleki S, Reiland H, Bütz DE, Chiellini G, Assadi-Porter FM, Porter FA, Ranji M. Optical imaging of mitochondrial redox state in rodent models with 3-iodothyronamine. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 239:151-8. [PMID: 24302559 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213510252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used an optical technique to measure the effects of treating low (10 mg/kg) and high (25 mg/kg) doses of 3-iodothyronamine (T₁AM) on the metabolism in the kidney and heart of mice. The ratio of two intrinsic fluorophores in tissue, (NADH/FAD), called the NADH redox ratio (NADH RR), is a marker of the metabolic state of the tissue. A cryofluorescence imaging instrument was used to provide a quantitative assessment of NADH RR in both kidneys and hearts in mice treated with 3-iodothyronamine. We compared those results to corresponding tissues in control mice. In the kidneys of mice treated with a high dose T₁AM, the mean values of the maximum projection of NADH RR were 2.6 ± 0.6 compared to 3.20 ± 0.03 in control mice, indicating a 19% (± 0.4) significant increase in oxidative stress (OS) in the high dose-treated kidneys (P = 0.047). However, kidneys treated with a low dose of T₁AM showed no difference in NADH RR compared to the kidneys of control mice. Furthermore, low versus high dose treatment of T₁AM showed different responses in the heart than in the kidneys. The mean value of the maximum projection of NADH RR in the heart changed from 3.0 ± 0.3 to 3.2 ± 0.6 for the low dose and the high dose T₁AM-treated mice, respectively, as compared to 2.8 ± 0.7 in control mice. These values correspond to a 9% (±0.5) (P = 0.045) and 14% (±0.5) (P = 0.008) significant increase in NADH RR in the T₁AM-treated hearts, indicating that the high dose T₁AM-treated tissues have reduced OS compared to the low dose-treated tissues or the control tissues. These results suggest that while T₁AM at a high dose increases oxidative response in kidneys, it has a protective effect in the heart and may exert its effect through alternative pathways at different doses and at tissue specific levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanian
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3029, USA
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Staniszewski K, Audi SH, Sepehr R, Jacobs ER, Ranji M. Surface fluorescence studies of tissue mitochondrial redox state in isolated perfused rat lungs. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:827-36. [PMID: 23238793 PMCID: PMC3606690 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We designed a fiber-optic-based optoelectronic fluorometer to measure emitted fluorescence from the auto-fluorescent electron carriers NADH and FAD of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The ratio of NADH to FAD is called the redox ratio (RR = NADH/FAD) and is an indicator of the oxidoreductive state of tissue. We evaluated the fluorometer by measuring the fluorescence intensities of NADH and FAD at the surface of isolated, perfused rat lungs. Alterations of lung mitochondrial metabolic state were achieved by the addition of rotenone (complex I inhibitor), potassium cyanide (KCN, complex IV inhibitor) and/or pentachlorophenol (PCP, uncoupler) into the perfusate recirculating through the lung. Rotenone- or KCN-containing perfusate increased RR by 21 and 30%, respectively. In contrast, PCP-containing perfusate decreased RR by 27%. These changes are consistent with the established effects of rotenone, KCN, and PCP on the redox status of the ETC. Addition of blood to perfusate quenched NADH and FAD signal, but had no effect on RR. This study demonstrates the capacity of fluorometry to detect a change in mitochondrial redox state in isolated perfused lungs, and suggests the potential of fluorometry for use in in vivo experiments to extract a sensitive measure of lung tissue health in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Staniszewski
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Said H. Audi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53233
| | - Reyhaneh Sepehr
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- Associate Chief of Staff, Research and Development, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 W. National Avenue Milwaukee, WI 5329 and Associate Dean Research, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee, WI 53211
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Sepehr R, Audi SH, Staniszewski KS, Haworth ST, Jacobs ER, Ranji M, Zablocki CJ. Novel Flurometric Tool to Assess Mitochondrial Redox State of Isolated Perfused Rat Lungs after Exposure to Hyperoxia. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2013; 1. [PMID: 25379360 PMCID: PMC4219590 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2013.2285916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently we demonstrated the utility of optical fluorometry to detect a change in the redox status of mitochondrial autofluorescent coenzymes NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and FAD (oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2,)) as a measure of mitochondrial function in isolated perfused rat lungs (IPL). The objective of this study was to utilize optical fluorometry to evaluate the effect of rat exposure to hyperoxia (>95% O2 for 48 hours) on lung tissue mitochondrial redox status of NADH and FAD in a nondestructive manner in IPL. Surface NADH and FAD signals were measured before and after lung perfusion with perfusate containing rotenone (ROT, complex I inhibitor), potassium cyanide (KCN, complex IV inhibitor), and/or pentachlorophenol (PCP, uncoupler). ROT- or KCN-induced increase in NADH signal is considered a measure of complex I activity, and KCN-induced decrease in FAD signal is considered a measure of complex II activity. The results show that hyperoxia decreased complex I and II activities by 63% and 55%, respectively, as compared to lungs of rats exposed to room air (normoxic rats). Mitochondrial complex I and II activities in lung homogenates were also lower (77% and 63%, respectively) for hyperoxic than for normoxic lungs. These results suggest that the mitochondrial matrix is more reduced in hyperoxic lungs than in normoxic lungs, and demonstrate the ability of optical fluorometry to detect a change in mitochondrial redox state of hyperoxic lungs prior to histological changes characteristic of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sepehr
- University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeDepartment of Electrical EngineeringMilwaukeeWIUSA53211
| | - Said H. Audi
- Marquette UniversityDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringMilwaukeeWIUSA53233
- Medical College of WisconsinDivision of Pulmonary and Critical CareMilwaukeeWIUSA53226
| | - Kevin S. Staniszewski
- University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeDepartment of Electrical EngineeringMilwaukeeWIUSA53211
| | - Steven T. Haworth
- VA Medical CenterDivision of Pulmonary and Critical CareMilwaukeeWIUSA53295
| | | | - Mahsa Ranji
- University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeDepartment of Electrical EngineeringMilwaukeeWIUSA53211
| | - Clement J. Zablocki
- University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeDepartment of Electrical EngineeringMilwaukeeWIUSA53211
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Maleki S, Gopalakrishnan S, Ghanian Z, Sepehr R, Schmitt H, Eells J, Ranji M. Optical imaging of mitochondrial redox state in rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:16004. [PMID: 23291617 PMCID: PMC3537487 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.1.016004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to photoreceptor cell loss in retinal degenerative disorders. The metabolic state of the retina in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was investigated using a cryo-fluorescence imaging technique. The mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are autofluorescent and can be monitored without exogenous labels using optical techniques. The cryo-fluorescence redox imaging technique provides a quantitative assessment of the metabolism. More specifically, the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of these fluorophores (NADH/FAD), the NADH redox ratio (RR), is a marker of the metabolic state of the tissue. The NADH RR and retinal function were examined in an established rodent model of RP, the P23H rat compared to that of nondystrophic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The NADH RR mean values were 1.11 ± 0.03 in the SD normal and 0.841 ± 0.01 in the P23H retina, indicating increased OS in the P23H retina. Electroretinographic data revealed a significant reduction in photoreceptor function in P23H animals compared to SD nozrmal rats. Thus, cryo-fluorescence redox imaging was used as a quantitative marker of OS in eyes from transgenic rats and demonstrated that alterations in the oxidative state of eyes occur during the early stages of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Maleki
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
- Address all correspondence to: Mahsa Ranji, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. Tel: (414) 229-5889; E-mail: or Janis Eells, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, 2200 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, E-mail:
| | - Sandeep Gopalakrishnan
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, 2200 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
- Address all correspondence to: Mahsa Ranji, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. Tel: (414) 229-5889; E-mail: or Janis Eells, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, 2200 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, E-mail:
| | - Zahra Ghanian
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | - Reyhaneh Sepehr
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | - Heather Schmitt
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, 2200 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Janis Eells
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, 2200 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical engineering, 3200 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
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Abstract
Mitochondrial energy metabolism depends upon high-flux and low-flux electron transfer pathways. The former provide the energy to support chemiosmotic coupling for oxidative phosphorylation. The latter provide mechanisms for signaling and control of mitochondrial functions. Few practical methods are available to measure rates of individual mitochondrial electron transfer reactions; however, a number of approaches are available to measure steady-state redox potentials (E (h)) of donor/acceptor couples, and these can be used to gain insight into rate-controlling reactions as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Redox changes within the respiratory electron transfer pathway are quantified by optical spectroscopy and measurement of changes in autofluorescence. Low-flux pathways involving thiol/disulfide redox couples are measured by redox western blot and mass spectrometry-based redox proteomics. Together, the approaches provide the opportunity to develop integrated systems biology descriptions of mitochondrial redox signaling and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Roede
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Zhang JY, Chen ZW, Yao H. Protective effect of urantide against ischemia-reperfusion injury via protein kinase C and phosphtidylinositol 3'-kinase - Akt pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:637-45. [PMID: 22537485 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urantide is the most potent UT receptor antagonist compound found to date. Our previous studies have shown that it has cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, it is unclear which signal transduction pathways are involved in the urantide-induced cardioprotective effect. This study was designed to investigate whether the effect of urantide on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via the protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. The results showed that urantide at 10 and 30 µg/kg markedly inhibited the increases in serum creatine kinase fraction and lactate dehydrogenase activities and the level of cardiac troponin I, reduced the ratio of myocardial infarct size to area at risk. Urantide significantly decreased the histological damage to the myocardium and modified the ultrastructural damage in cardiac myocytes. In the presence of chelerythrine (an inhibitor of PKC, 1 mg/kg) or LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K-Akt, 0.3 mg/kg), the protective effect of urantide was almost completely abolished. Urantide (30 µg/kg) markedly enhanced the expression of p-Akt protein during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and this enhancement was significantly attenuated by LY294002. Therefore, our results demonstrate that urantide has a potent protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats that may be involved with the PKC and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Lim WY, Messow CM, Berry C. Cyclosporin variably and inconsistently reduces infarct size in experimental models of reperfused myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2034-43. [PMID: 21950961 PMCID: PMC3413842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressant that has recently been proposed as a treatment to prevent reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to determine the overall efficacy of cyclosporin in experimental studies of acute reperfused MI. We conducted a systematic review and stratified meta-analysis of published studies describing the efficacy of cyclosporin in experimental models of acute reperfused MI. We included all in vivo publications of cyclosporin where infarct size was measured. A literature search identified 29 potential studies of which 20 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In these studies (involving four species of animals), cyclosporin reduced myocardial infarct size by a standardized mean (95% confidence interval) difference of -1.60 (-2.17, -1.03) compared with controls. Cyclosporin failed to demonstrate a convincing benefit in studies involving pigs. Despite this observation, the overall efficacy of cyclosporin did not differ across species (P= 0.358). The dose of cyclosporin given did not affect final infarct size (P= 0.203). Funnel plots of these data suggested heterogeneity among the studies. Cyclosporin had variable effects on infarct size compared with placebo. Cyclosporin had no effect on myocardial infarct size in swine, raising a question over the potential cardioprotective effects of cyclosporin in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Lim
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Sepehr R, Staniszewski K, Maleki S, Jacobs ER, Audi S, Ranji M. Optical imaging of tissue mitochondrial redox state in intact rat lungs in two models of pulmonary oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:046010. [PMID: 22559688 PMCID: PMC3380956 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.4.046010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ventilation with enhanced fractions of O(2) (hyperoxia) is a common and necessary treatment for hypoxemia in patients with lung failure, but prolonged exposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury. Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury of lung tissue is common in lung transplant or crush injury to the chest. These conditions are associated with apoptosis and decreased survival of lung tissue. The objective of this work is to use cryoimaging to evaluate the effect of exposure to hyperoxia and IR injury on lung tissue mitochondrial redox state in rats. The autofluorescent mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are electron carriers in ATP generation. These intrinsic fluorophores were imaged for rat lungs using low-temperature fluorescence imaging (cryoimaging). Perfused lungs from four groups of rats were studied: normoxia (control), control perfused with an mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor (potassium cyanide, KCN), rats exposed to hyperoxia (85% O(2)) for seven days, and from rats subjected to lung IR in vivo 24 hours prior to study. Each lung was sectioned sequentially in the transverse direction, and the images were used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3-D) rendering. In KCN perfused lungs the respiratory chain was more reduced, whereas hyperoxic and IR lung tissue have a more oxidized respiratory chain than control lung tissue, consistent with previously measured mitochondrial dysfunction in both hyperoxic and IR lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sepehr
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | - Kevin Staniszewski
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | - Sepideh Maleki
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
| | | | - Said Audi
- Pulmonary Division, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53295
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211
- Address all correspondence to: Mahsa Ranji, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211. Tel: 414-229-6619; Fax: 414-229-6958; E-mail:
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15
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Lloyd D, Cortassa S, O'Rourke B, Aon MA. What yeast and cardiomyocytes share: ultradian oscillatory redox mechanisms of cellular coherence and survival. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:65-74. [PMID: 22143867 PMCID: PMC3348865 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The coherent and robust, yet sensitively adaptable, nature of organisms is an astonishing phenomenon that involves massive parallel processing and concerted network performance at the molecular level. Unravelling the dynamic complexities of the living state underlines the essential operation of ultradian oscillations, rhythms and clocks for the establishment and maintenance of functional order simultaneously on fast and slower timescales. Non-invasive monitoring of respiration, mitochondrial inner membrane potentials, and redox states (especially those of NAD(P)H, flavin, and the monochlorobimane complex of glutathione), even after more than 50 years research, continue to provide both new insights and biomedical applications. Experiments with yeast and in cardiac cells reveal astonishing parallels and similarities in their dynamic biochemical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT Wales, UK.
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16
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Liu L, Zhu J, Brink PR, Glass PSA, Rebecchi MJ. Age-associated differences in the inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening by cyclosporine A. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:622-30. [PMID: 21827445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is a key protection of the myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, we investigated age-associated differences in the ability of cyclosporine A (CsA) to protect the heart and to modulate mPTP opening during I/R injury in vivo and its opening induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. METHODS Fischer 344 male rats were assigned from their respective age groups, young or old groups, to (1) I/R or (2) I/R+CsA. All animals were subjected to 30 min of ischemia following 120 min of reperfusion to determine myocardial infarct size in vivo. To measure mPTP opening in vivo, left ventricular tissues were collected 10 min after reperfusion and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) levels were measured. In parallel experiments, rat ventricular myocytes were prepared from young and old hearts, loaded with tetramethylrhodamine ethylester and then subjected to oxidative stress in the presence or absence of CsA, and the mPTP opening time was measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS CsA reduced myocardial infarct size in young I/R rats. Whereas CsA failed to significantly affect myocardial infarct size in old I/R rats, NAD(+) levels were better preserved in young CsA-treated rats, but this relative improvement was not observed in old rats. CsA also significantly prolonged the time necessary to induce mPTP opening in young cardiomyocytes, but not in cardiomyocytes isolated from the old rats. CONCLUSIONS mPTP regulation is dysfunctional in the aged myocardium and this could account for loss of cardioprotection with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, NY 11794, USA.
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17
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Is medical management of paediatric heart failure evidence based? COR ET VASA 2011. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2011.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Arbustini E, Narula J. Cyclosporin A in Reperfusion Injury: Not Opening to Cell Death Knocking at the Door? Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89:1349-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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