1
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Kontush A, Martin M, Brites F. Sweet swell of burning fat: emerging role of high-density lipoprotein in energy homeostasis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:235-242. [PMID: 37797204 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays a central role in energy homeostasis. Mechanisms underlying the relationship between energy homeostasis and HDL however remain poorly studied. RECENT FINDINGS Available evidence reveals that HDL is implicated in energy homeostasis. Circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are affected by energy production, raising with increasing resting metabolic rate. Lipolysis of triglycerides as a source of energy decreases plasma levels of remnant cholesterol, increases levels of HDL-C, and can be cardioprotective. Switch to preferential energy production from carbohydrates exerts opposite effects. SUMMARY Low HDL-C may represent a biomarker of inefficient energy production from fats. HDL-C-raising can be beneficial when it reflects enhanced energy production from burning fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Kontush
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Zvintzou E, Xepapadaki E, Skroubis G, Mparnia V, Giannatou K, Benabdellah K, Kypreos KE. High-Density Lipoprotein in Metabolic Disorders and Beyond: An Exciting New World Full of Challenges and Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:855. [PMID: 37375802 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an enigmatic member of the plasma lipid and lipoprotein transport system, best known for its ability to promote the reverse cholesterol efflux and the unloading of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. More recently, data in experimental mice and humans suggest that HDL may play important novel roles in other physiological processes associated with various metabolic disorders. Important parameters in the HDL functions are its apolipoprotein and lipid content, further reinforcing the principle that HDL structure defines its functionality. Thus, based on current evidence, low levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) or dysfunctional HDL particles contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, low levels of HDL-C and dysfunctional HDL particles are observed in patients with multiple myeloma and other types of cancer. Therefore, adjusting HDL-C levels within the optimal range and improving HDL particle functionality is expected to benefit such pathological conditions. The failure of previous clinical trials testing various HDL-C-raising pharmaceuticals does not preclude a significant role for HDL in the treatment of atherosclerosis and related metabolic disorders. Those trials were designed on the principle of "the more the better", ignoring the U-shape relationship between HDL-C levels and morbidity and mortality. Thus, many of these pharmaceuticals should be retested in appropriately designed clinical trials. Novel gene-editing-based pharmaceuticals aiming at altering the apolipoprotein composition of HDL are expected to revolutionize the treatment strategies, improving the functionality of dysfunctional HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - George Skroubis
- Morbid Obesity Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Victoria Mparnia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Katerina Giannatou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), PTS, Avda. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, 26500 Patras, Greece
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
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3
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Farini A, Tripodi L, Villa C, Strati F, Facoetti A, Baselli G, Troisi J, Landolfi A, Lonati C, Molinaro D, Wintzinger M, Gatti S, Cassani B, Caprioli F, Facciotti F, Quattrocelli M, Torrente Y. Microbiota dysbiosis influences immune system and muscle pathophysiology of dystrophin-deficient mice. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16244. [PMID: 36533294 PMCID: PMC9994487 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive severe muscle-wasting disease caused by mutations in DMD, encoding dystrophin, that leads to loss of muscle function with cardiac/respiratory failure and premature death. Since dystrophic muscles are sensed by infiltrating inflammatory cells and gut microbial communities can cause immune dysregulation and metabolic syndrome, we sought to investigate whether intestinal bacteria support the muscle immune response in mdx dystrophic murine model. We highlighted a strong correlation between DMD disease features and the relative abundance of Prevotella. Furthermore, the absence of gut microbes through the generation of mdx germ-free animal model, as well as modulation of the microbial community structure by antibiotic treatment, influenced muscle immunity and fibrosis. Intestinal colonization of mdx mice with eubiotic microbiota was sufficient to reduce inflammation and improve muscle pathology and function. This work identifies a potential role for the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Luana Tripodi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Strati
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Experimental OncologyIEO‐European Institute of OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Guido Baselli
- Translational Medicine – Department of Transfusion Medicine and HematologyFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Present address:
SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Theoreo Srl, Spinoff Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino PuglianoItaly
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica SalernitanaUniversity of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Theoreo Srl, Spinoff Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino PuglianoItaly
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical ResearchFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Davide Molinaro
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Center for Surgical ResearchFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Cassani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational MedicineUniversità Degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Policlinico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Heart InstituteCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Neurology UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari CenterUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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4
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Guo M, Xiang L, Yao J, Zhang J, Zhu S, Wang D, Liu C, Li G, Wang J, Gao Y, Xie C, Ma X, Xu L, Zhou J. Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling of NAFLD- and NASH-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:851520. [PMID: 35265044 PMCID: PMC8899658 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.851520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by extensive triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes, may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis and inflammation and increase the risk of cirrhosis, cancer, and death. It has been reported that physical exercise is effective in ameliorating NAFLD and NASH, while skeletal muscle dysfunctions, including lipid deposition and weakness, are accompanied with NAFLD and NASH. However, the molecular characteristics and alterations in skeletal muscle in the progress of NAFLD and NASH remain unclear. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive analysis on the similarity and heterogeneity of quadriceps muscle in NAFLD and NASH mice models by RNA sequencing. Importantly, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway functional enrichment analysis revealed that NAFLD and NASH led to impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and deteriorated functionality in skeletal muscle. Besides this, we identified that myokines possibly mediate the crosstalk between muscles and other metabolic organs in pathological conditions. Overall, our analysis revealed a comprehensive understanding of the molecular signature of skeletal muscles in NAFLD and NASH, thus providing a basis for physical exercise as an intervention against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinran Ma, ; Lingyan Xu, ; Jian Zhou,
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinran Ma, ; Lingyan Xu, ; Jian Zhou,
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinran Ma, ; Lingyan Xu, ; Jian Zhou,
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5
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Zvintzou E, Karampela DS, Vakka A, Xepapadaki E, Karavia EA, Hatziri A, Giannopoulou PC, Kypreos KE. High density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease: Where do we stand today? Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106928. [PMID: 34695591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies during the last five years suggest that a relation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) does exist but follows rather a "U-shaped" curve with an optimal range of HDL-C concentration between 40 and 70 mg/dl for men and 50-70 mg/dl for women. Moreover, as research in the field of lipoproteins progresses it becomes increasingly apparent that HDL particles possess different attributes and depending on their structural and functional characteristics, they may be "antiatherogenic" or "proatherogenic". In light of this information, it is highly doubtful that the choice of experimental drugs and the design of respective clinical trials that put the HDL-C raising hypothesis at test, were the most suitable. Here, we compile the existing literature on HDL, providing a critical up-to-date view that focuses on key data from the biochemistry, epidemiology and pharmacology of HDL, including data from clinical trials. We also discuss the most up-to-date information on the contribution of HDL structure and function to the prevention of atherosclerosis. We conclude by summarizing important differences between mouse models and humans, that may explain why pharmacological successes in mice turn out to be failures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Vakka
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Panagiota C Giannopoulou
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- University of Patras, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece; European University Cyprus, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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6
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Xepapadaki E, Nikdima I, Sagiadinou EC, Zvintzou E, Kypreos KE. HDL and type 2 diabetes: the chicken or the egg? Diabetologia 2021; 64:1917-1926. [PMID: 34255113 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HDL is a complex macromolecular cluster of various components, such as apolipoproteins, enzymes and lipids. Quality evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies led to the principle that HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with the risk of CHD. Nevertheless, the failure of many cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors to protect against CVD casts doubts on this principle and highlights the fact that HDL functionality, as dictated by its proteome and lipidome, also plays an important role in protecting against metabolic disorders. Recent data indicate that HDL-C levels and HDL particle functionality are correlated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a major risk factor for CVD. Hyperglycaemia leads to reduced HDL-C levels and deteriorated HDL functionality, via various alterations in HDL particles' proteome and lipidome. In turn, reduced HDL-C levels and impaired HDL functionality impact the performance of key organs related to glucose homeostasis, such as pancreas and skeletal muscles. Interestingly, different structural alterations in HDL correlate with distinct metabolic abnormalities, as indicated by recent data evaluating the role of apolipoprotein A1 and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency in glucose homeostasis. While it is becoming evident that not all HDL disturbances are causatively associated with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, a bidirectional correlation between these two conditions exists, leading to a perpetual self-feeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Ioanna Nikdima
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Eleftheria C Sagiadinou
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, Greece.
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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7
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Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Porcine Fat Deposition Using Two High-Throughput Sequencing Methods. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091374. [PMID: 34573356 PMCID: PMC8467702 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose is an important body tissue in pigs, and fatty traits are critical in pig production. The function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in fat deposition and metabolism has been found in previous studies. In this study, we collected the adipose tissue of six Landrace pigs with contrast backfat thickness (nhigh = 3, nlow = 3), after which we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) based on pooling and biological replicate methods. Biological replicate and pooling RNA-seq revealed 1870 and 1618 lncRNAs, respectively. Using edgeR, we determined that 1512 genes and 220 lncRNAs, 2240 genes and 127 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in biological replicate and pooling RNA-seq, respectively. After target gene prediction, we found that ACSL3 was cis-targeted by lncRNA TCONS-00052400 and could activate the conversion of long-chain fatty acids. In addition, lncRNA TCONS_00041740 cis-regulated gene ACACB regulated the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation. Since these genes have necessary functions in fat metabolism, the results imply that the lncRNAs detected in our study may affect backfat deposition in swine through regulation of their target genes. Our study explored the regulation of lncRNA and their target genes in porcine backfat deposition and provided new insights for further investigation of the biological functions of lncRNA.
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8
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. High Density Lipoproteins and Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040850. [PMID: 33918571 PMCID: PMC8069617 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, recent randomised clinical trials of interventions that increase HDL-C levels have failed to establish a causal basis for this relationship. This has led to a shift in HDL research efforts towards developing strategies that improve the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, rather than simply increasing HDL-C levels. These efforts are also leading to the discovery of novel HDL functions that are unrelated to cardiovascular disease. One of the most recently identified functions of HDLs is their potent antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic functions of HDLs, and recent key advances in this area are the subject of this review. Given that all forms of diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate globally, there is a clear unmet need to identify and develop new approaches that will complement existing therapies and reduce disease progression as well as reverse established disease. Exploration of a potential role for HDLs and their constituent lipids and apolipoproteins in this area is clearly warranted. This review highlights focus areas that have yet to be investigated and potential strategies for exploiting the antidiabetic functions of HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9385-1219; Fax: +61-2-9385-1389
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9
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Lazaris V, Hatziri A, Symeonidis A, Kypreos KE. The Lipoprotein Transport System in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma: Advances and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638288. [PMID: 33842343 PMCID: PMC8032975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplastic hematologic disorder characterized by malignant plasma cells, mainly in the bone marrow. MM is associated with multiple factors, such as lipid metabolism, obesity, and age-associated disease development. Although, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown, abnormal lipid and lipoprotein levels have been reported in patients with MM. Interestingly, patients with higher APOA1 levels, the major apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL), have better overall survival. The limited existing studies regarding serum lipoproteins in MM are inconclusive, and often contradictory. Nevertheless, it appears that deregulation of the lipoprotein transport system may facilitate the development of the disease. Here, we provide a critical review of the literature on the role of lipids and lipoproteins in MM pathophysiology. We also propose novel mechanisms, linking the development and progression of MM to the metabolism of blood lipoproteins. We anticipate that proteomic and lipidomic analyses of serum lipoproteins along with analyses of their functionality may improve our understanding and shed light on novel mechanistic aspects of MM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Lazaris
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Hematology Clinic, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Clinic, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Xepapadaki E, Nikdima I, Zvintzou E, Karavia EA, Kypreos KE. Tissue-specific functional interaction between apolipoproteins A1 and E in cold-induced adipose organ mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158859. [PMID: 33309975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
White (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue, the two main types of adipose organ, are responsible for lipid storage and non-shivering thermogenesis, respectively. Thermogenesis is a process mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production, leading to the conversion of free fatty acids to heat. This process can be triggered by exposure to low ambient temperatures, caloric excess, and the immune system. Recently mitochondrial thermogenesis has also been associated with plasma lipoprotein transport system. Specifically, apolipoprotein (APO) E3 is shown to have a bimodal effect on WAT thermogenesis that is highly dependent on its site of expression. Similarly, APOE2 and APOE4 differentially affect BAT and WAT mitochondrial metabolic activity in processes highly modulated by APOA1. Furthermore, the absence of classical APOA1 containing HDL (APOA1-HDL), is associated with no measurable non-shivering thermogenesis in WAT of mice fed high fat diet. Based on these previous observations which indicate important regulatory roles for both APOA1 and APOE in adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolic activity, here we sought to investigate the potential roles of these apolipoproteins in BAT and WAT metabolic activation in mice, following stimulation by cold exposure (7 °C). Our data indicate that APOA1-HDL promotes metabolic activation of BAT only in the presence of very low levels (virtually undetectable) of APOE3-containing HDL (APOE3-HDL), which acts as an inhibitor in this process. In contrast, induction of WAT thermogenesis is subjected to a more complicated regulation which requires the combined presence of both APOA1-HDL and APOE3-HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Nikdima
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, Panepistimioupolis, Rio, Greece; European University Cyprus, School of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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11
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Isoform and tissue dependent impact of apolipoprotein E on adipose tissue metabolic activation: The role of apolipoprotein A1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158551. [PMID: 31678510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Adipose organ is made of white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue which are primarily responsible for lipid storage and energy production (heat and ATP) respectively. Metabolic activation of WAT may ascribe to this tissue characteristics of BAT, namely non-shivering thermogenesis and ATP production. Recent data indicate that apolipoproteins E (APOE) and A1 (APOA1) regulate WAT mitochondrial metabolic activation. Here, we investigated the functional cross-talk between natural human APOE2 and APOE4 isoforms with APOA1 in this process, using Apoe2knock-in and Apoe4knock-in mice. At baseline when Apoe2knock-in and Apoe4knock-in mice express both APOE and Apoa1, the Apoe2knock-in strain appears to have higher mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation levels and non-shivering thermogenesis in WAT compared to Apoe4knock-in mice. When mice were switched to a high-fat diet for 18 weeks, circulating levels of endogenous Apoa1 in Apoe2knock-in mice became barely detectable though significant levels of APOE2 were still present. This change was accompanied by a significant reduction in WAT mitochondrial Ucp1 expression while BAT Ucp1 was unaffected. Ectopic APOA1 expression in Apoe2knock-in animals potently stimulated WAT but not BAT mitochondrial Ucp1 expression providing further evidence that APOA1 potently stimulates WAT non-shivering thermogenesis in the presence of APOE2. Ectopic expression of APOA1 in Apoe4knock-in mice stimulated BAT but no WAT mitochondrial Ucp1 levels, suggesting that in the presence of APOE4, APOA1 is a trigger of BAT non-shivering thermogenesis. Overall, our data identified a tissue-specific role of the natural human APOE2 and APOE4 isoforms in WAT- and BAT-metabolic activation respectively, that appears dependent on circulating APOA1 levels.
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Xepapadaki E, Zvintzou E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Τhe Antioxidant Function of HDL in Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2019; 71:112-121. [PMID: 31185723 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719854609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multistep process that progresses over a long period of time and displays a broad range of severity. In its final form, it manifests as a lesion of the intimal layer of the arterial wall. There is strong evidence supporting that oxidative stress contributes to coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality and antioxidant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and prognosis of the disease. Indeed, certain subspecies of HDL may act as natural antioxidants preventing oxidation of lipids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and biological membranes. The antioxidant function may be attributed to inhibition of synthesis or neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species by HDL lipids and associated enzymes or transfer of oxidation prone lipids from LDL and biological membranes to HDL for catabolism. A limited number of clinical trials suggest that the increased antioxidant potential of HDL correlates with decreased risk for atherosclerosis. Some nutritional interventions to increase HDL antioxidant activity have been proposed with limited success so far. The limitations in measuring and understanding HDL antioxidant function in vivo are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio Achaias, TK, Greece
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