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Yang K, Yan Y, Yu A, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu S, Li F. Mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:998-1005. [PMID: 37862201 PMCID: PMC10749592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical cellular energy resources and are central to the life of the neuron. Mitophagy selectively clears damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through autophagic machinery to maintain mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Mature neurons are postmitotic and consume substantial energy, thus require highly efficient mitophagy pathways to turn over damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Recent evidence indicates that mitophagy is pivotal to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. However, more work is needed to study mitophagy pathway components as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of nonselective autophagy and selective autophagy, including ERphagy, aggrephagy, and mitophagy. We then introduce the mechanisms of Parkin-dependent and Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways under physiological conditions. Next, we summarize the diverse repertoire of mitochondrial membrane receptors and phospholipids that mediate mitophagy. Importantly, we review the critical role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Last, we discuss recent studies considering mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our review may provide novel views to better understand the roles of mitophagy in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Anni Yu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Kunming Yenan Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioural Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Iwamoto M, Morito M, Oiki S, Nishitani Y, Yamamoto D, Matsumori N. Cardiolipin binding enhances KcsA channel gating via both its specific and dianion-monoanion interchangeable sites. iScience 2023; 26:108471. [PMID: 38077151 PMCID: PMC10709135 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
KcsA is a potassium channel with a plethora of structural and functional information, but its activity in the KcsA-producing actinomycete membranes remains elusive. To determine lipid species involved in channel-modulation, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based methodology, characterized by immobilization of membrane proteins under a membrane environment, was applied. Dianionic cardiolipin (CL) showed extremely higher affinity for KcsA than monoanionic lipids. The SPR experiments further demonstrated that CL bound not only to the N-terminal M0 helix, a lipid-sensor domain, but to the M0 helix-deleted mutant. In contrast, monoanionic lipids interacted primarily with the M0 helix. This indicates the presence of an alternative CL-binding site, plausibly in the transmembrane domain. Single-channel recordings demonstrated that CL enhanced channel opening in an M0-independent manner. Taken together, the action of monoanionic lipids is exclusively mediated by the M0 helix, while CL binds both the M0 helix and its specific site, further enhancing the channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Oiki
- Biomedial Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yudai Nishitani
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Damschroder D, Vieira Neto E, Lasorsa A, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Samovich SN, Souryavong AB, Dar HH, Ramim A, Liang Z, Lazcano P, Ji J, Schmidtke MW, Kiselyov K, Korkmaz A, Vladimirov GK, Artyukhova MA, Rampratap P, Cole LK, Niyatie A, Baker EK, Peterson J, Hatch GM, Atkinson J, Vockley J, Kühn B, Wessells R, van der Wel PCA, Bahar I, Bayir H, Greenberg ML. Anomalous peroxidase activity of cytochrome c is the primary pathogenic target in Barth syndrome. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2184-2205. [PMID: 37996701 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a life-threatening genetic disorder with unknown pathogenicity caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN (TAZ) that affect remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL). TAZ deficiency leads to accumulation of mono-lyso-CL (MLCL), which forms a peroxidase complex with cytochrome c (cyt c) capable of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids. We hypothesized that accumulation of MLCL facilitates formation of anomalous MLCL-cyt c peroxidase complexes and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids as the primary BTHS pathogenic mechanism. Using genetic, biochemical/biophysical, redox lipidomic and computational approaches, we reveal mechanisms of peroxidase-competent MLCL-cyt c complexation and increased phospholipid peroxidation in different TAZ-deficient cells and animal models and in pre-transplant biopsies from hearts of patients with BTHS. A specific mitochondria-targeted anti-peroxidase agent inhibited MLCL-cyt c peroxidase activity, prevented phospholipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial respiration of TAZ-deficient C2C12 myoblasts and restored exercise endurance in a BTHS Drosophila model. Targeting MLCL-cyt c peroxidase offers therapeutic approaches to BTHS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Vieira Neto
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin B Souryavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abu Ramim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aybike Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margarita A Artyukhova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pushpa Rampratap
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ammanamanchi Niyatie
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma-Kate Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical Quantitative Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondria Have Made a Long Evolutionary Path from Ancient Bacteria Immigrants within Eukaryotic Cells to Essential Cellular Hosts and Key Players in Human Health and Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4451-4479. [PMID: 37232752 PMCID: PMC10217700 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have made a long evolutionary path from ancient bacteria immigrants within the eukaryotic cell to become key players for the cell, assuming crucial multitasking skills critical for human health and disease. Traditionally identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells due to their central role in energy metabolism, these chemiosmotic machines that synthesize ATP are known as the only maternally inherited organelles with their own genome, where mutations can cause diseases, opening up the field of mitochondrial medicine. More recently, the omics era has highlighted mitochondria as biosynthetic and signaling organelles influencing the behaviors of cells and organisms, making mitochondria the most studied organelles in the biomedical sciences. In this review, we will especially focus on certain 'novelties' in mitochondrial biology "left in the shadows" because, although they have been discovered for some time, they are still not taken with due consideration. We will focus on certain particularities of these organelles, for example, those relating to their metabolism and energy efficiency. In particular, some of their functions that reflect the type of cell in which they reside will be critically discussed, for example, the role of some carriers that are strictly functional to the typical metabolism of the cell or to the tissue specialization. Furthermore, some diseases in whose pathogenesis, surprisingly, mitochondria are involved will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valenti
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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5
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Using an integrated feature-based molecular network and lipidomics approach to reveal the differential lipids in yak shanks and flanks. Food Chem 2023; 403:134352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khadhraoui N, Prola A, Vandestienne A, Blondelle J, Guillaud L, Courtin G, Bodak M, Prost B, Huet H, Wintrebert M, Péchoux C, Solgadi A, Relaix F, Tiret L, Pilot-Storck F. Hacd2 deficiency in mice leads to an early and lethal mitochondrial disease. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101677. [PMID: 36693621 PMCID: PMC9986742 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria fuel most animal cells with ATP, ensuring proper energetic metabolism of organs. Early and extensive mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to severe disorders through multiorgan failure. Hacd2 gene encodes an enzyme involved in very long chain fatty acid (C ≥ 18) synthesis, yet its roles in vivo remain poorly understood. Since mitochondria function relies on specific properties of their membranes conferred by a particular phospholipid composition, we investigated if Hacd2 gene participates to mitochondrial integrity. METHODS We generated two mouse models, the first one leading to a partial knockdown of Hacd2 expression and the second one, to a complete knockout of Hacd2 expression. We performed an in-depth analysis of the associated phenotypes, from whole organism to molecular scale. RESULTS Thanks to these models, we show that Hacd2 displays an early and broad expression, and that its deficiency in mice is lethal. Specifically, partial knockdown of Hacd2 expression leads to death within one to four weeks after birth, from a sudden growth arrest followed by cachexia and lethargy. The total knockout of Hacd2 is even more severe, characterized by embryonic lethality around E9.5 following developmental arrest and pronounced cardiovascular malformations. In-depth mechanistic analysis revealed that Hacd2 deficiency causes altered mitochondrial efficiency and ultrastructure, as well as accumulation of oxidized cardiolipin. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that the Hacd2 gene is essential for energetic metabolism during embryonic and postnatal development, acting through the control of proper mitochondrial organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Khadhraoui
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Alexandre Prola
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Aymeline Vandestienne
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jordan Blondelle
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Guillaud
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Courtin
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maxime Bodak
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Bastien Prost
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Hélène Huet
- Biopôle, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - Mélody Wintrebert
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- UMS IPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Univ Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Team Relaix, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; EFS, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France.
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7
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Jin W, Li C, Yang S, Song S, Hou W, Song Y, Du Q. Hypolipidemic effect and molecular mechanism of ginsenosides: a review based on oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1166898. [PMID: 37188264 PMCID: PMC10175615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1166898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. However, effective approaches for treating this common metabolic disorder remain limited. Ginseng has traditionally been used as a natural medicine for invigorating energy or "Qi" and has been demonstrated to possess antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. A large number of studies have shown that ginsenosides, the main active ingredient of ginseng, have lipid-lowering effects. However, there remains a lack of systematic reviews detailing the molecular mechanisms by which ginsenosides reduce blood lipid levels, especially in relation to oxidative stress. For this article, research studies detailing the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides regulate oxidative stress and lower blood lipids in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and its related diseases (diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis) were comprehensively reviewed. The relevant papers were search on seven literature databases. According to the studies reviewed, ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Re, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, Rh4, and F2 inhibit oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and autophagy, and regulating the intestinal flora to alleviate high blood pressure and improve the body's lipid status. These effects are related to the regulation of various signaling pathways, such as those of PPARα, Nrf2, mitogen-activated protein kinases, SIRT3/FOXO3/SOD, and AMPK/SIRT1. These findings suggest that ginseng is a natural medicine with lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunrun Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Song
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Song
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Song, ; Quanyu Du,
| | - Quanyu Du
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Song, ; Quanyu Du,
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8
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Lin Y, Li X, Dai M, Li Q, Shi Q, Zhang L, Huang R, Song C, Jin S. Sex Differences of Cardiolipin in Tissue Distribution Based on Targeted Lipidomic Analysis by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206988. [PMID: 36296581 PMCID: PMC9612025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are involved in ATP production, mitochondria biogenesis, apoptosis and mitophagy. Their tissue distribution can provide insight into the function of mitochondria and related diseases. However, the reports on tissue distribution of CLs remain limited. In this research, CLs were identified from heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, and brain using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Then, the distribution and sex difference of CLs in seven tissues were compared by a targeted lipidomic approach. A total of 88 CLs were identified, of which 58, 51, 57, 58, 50, 61 and 52 CLs were found in heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, skeletal muscle, and brain, respectively. Compared with the distribution of CLs in heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, the CLs in spleen, lung, and brain showed significant differences. Moreover, the results indicated that there were sex differences of CLs in liver and kidney. A total of 16 CLs in liver tissue and 21 CLs in kidney tissue, with significant sex differences, were screened. Our findings in the targeted lipidomic analysis demonstrated that tissue distribution of CLs was essential in the dynamic states and sex differences of CLs, which might provide evidence for the mitochondrial-related mechanism under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xugui Li
- Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengxiang Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430065, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Shuna Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.J.)
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9
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Sohn J, Milosevic J, Brouse T, Aziz N, Elkhoury J, Wang S, Hauschild A, van Gastel N, Cetinbas M, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Sadreyev RI, Pu WT, Sykes DB. A new murine model of Barth syndrome neutropenia links TAFAZZIN deficiency to increased ER stress-induced apoptosis. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2557-2577. [PMID: 34979560 PMCID: PMC9043941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Barth syndrome is an inherited X-linked disorder that leads to cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and neutropenia. These symptoms result from the loss of function of the enzyme TAFAZZIN, a transacylase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is responsible for the final steps of cardiolipin production. The link between defective cardiolipin maturation and neutropenia remains unclear. To address potential mechanisms of neutropenia, we examined myeloid progenitor development within the fetal liver of TAFAZZIN knockout (KO) animals as well as within the adult bone marrow of wild-type recipients transplanted with TAFAZZIN-KO hematopoietic stem cells. We also used the ER-Hoxb8 system (estrogen receptor fused to Hoxb8) of conditional immortalization to establish a new murine model system for the ex vivo study of TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophils. The TAFAZZIN-KO cells demonstrated the expected dramatic differences in cardiolipin maturation that result from a lack of TAFAZZIN enzyme activity. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not identify any significant differences in neutrophil development or neutrophil function across a variety of assays including phagocytosis and the production of cytokines or reactive oxygen species. However, transcriptomic analysis of the TAFAZZIN-deficient neutrophil progenitors demonstrated an upregulation of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and confirmatory testing demonstrated that the TAFAZZIN-deficient cells had increased sensitivity to certain ER stress-mediated and non-ER stress-mediated triggers of apoptosis. Although the link between increased sensitivity to apoptosis and the variably penetrant neutropenia phenotype seen in some patients with Barth syndrome remains to be clarified, our studies and new model system set a foundation for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Sohn
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Brouse
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Najihah Aziz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jenna Elkhoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara F. Tufa
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Micro-Imaging Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and
| | - William T. Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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10
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Cytochrome c Interaction with Cardiolipin Plays a Key Role in Cell Apoptosis: Implications for Human Diseases. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the cell cytochrome, c performs different functions depending on the environment in which it acts; therefore, it has been classified as a multifunction protein. When anchored to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane, native cytochrome c acts as a Schweitzer-StennerSchweitzer-Stenner that transfers electrons from cytochrome c reductase to cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain. On the other hand, to interact with cardiolipin (one of the phospholipids making up the mitochondrial membrane) and form the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in the apoptotic process, the protein reorganizes its structure into a non-native state characterized by different asymmetry. The formation of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex is a fundamental step of the apoptotic pathway, since the structural rearrangement induces peroxidase activity in cytochrome c, the subsequent permeabilization of the membrane, and the release of the free protein into the cytoplasm, where cytochrome c activates the apoptotic process. Apoptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of neoplastic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases; in this contest, the biosynthesis and remodeling of cardiolipin are crucial for the regulation of the apoptotic process. Since the role of cytochrome c as a promoter of apoptosis strictly depends on the non-native conformation(s) that the protein acquires when bound to the cardiolipin and such event leads to cytochrome c traslocation into the cytosol, the structural and functional properties of the cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex in cell fate will be the focus of the present review.
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11
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Strazdauskas A, Trumbeckaite S, Jakstas V, Kamarauskaite J, Ivanauskas L, Baniene R. Ischemia In Vivo Induces Cardiolipin Oxidation in Rat Kidney Mitochondria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040541. [PMID: 35453739 PMCID: PMC9026122 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial phospholipid that plays a significant role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Cardiolipin is oxidized under conditions like oxidative stress that occurs during ischemia/reperfusion; however, it is known that even during ischemia, many reactive oxygen species are generated. Our aim was to analyze the effect of in vivo ischemia on cardiolipin oxidation. Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized; then, their abdomens were opened, and microvascular clips were placed on renal arteries for 30, 40 or 60 min, causing ischemia. After ischemia, kidneys were harvested, mitochondria were isolated, and lipids were extracted for chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin and its oxidation products. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis revealed a 47%, 68% and 74% decrease in tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin after 30 min, 40 min and 60 min of renal ischemia, respectively (p < 0.05). Eight different cardiolipin oxidation products with up to eight additional oxygens were identified in rat kidney mitochondria. A total of 40 min of ischemia caused an average of a 6.9-fold increase in all oxidized cardiolipin forms. We present evidence that renal ischemia in vivo alone induces tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin oxidation and depletion in rat kidney mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvydas Strazdauskas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonata Trumbeckaite
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Justina Kamarauskaite
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.J.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Baniene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.T.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Zíková A. Mitochondrial adaptations throughout the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12911. [PMID: 35325490 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has a digenetic life cycle that alternates between a mammalian host and an insect vector. During programmed development, this extracellular parasite encounters strikingly different environments that determine its energy metabolism. Functioning as a bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling center, the single mitochondrion of T. brucei is drastically remodeled to support the dynamic cellular demands of the parasite. This manuscript will provide an up-to-date overview of how the distinct T. brucei developmental stages differ in their mitochondrial metabolic and bioenergetic pathways, with a focus on the electron transport chain, proline oxidation, TCA cycle, acetate production, and ATP generation. Although mitochondrial metabolic rewiring has always been simply viewed as a consequence of the differentiation process, the possibility that certain mitochondrial activities reinforce parasite differentiation will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Zíková
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Zhang L, Dai L, Li D. Mitophagy in neurological disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:297. [PMID: 34937577 PMCID: PMC8693476 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that removes excess protein aggregates and damaged intracellular components. Most eukaryotic cells, including neurons, rely on proficient mitophagy responses to fine-tune the mitochondrial number and preserve energy metabolism. In some circumstances (such as the presence of pathogenic protein oligopolymers and protein mutations), dysfunctional mitophagy leads to nerve degeneration, with age-dependent intracellular accumulation of protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles, leading to neurodegenerative disease. However, when pathogenic protein oligopolymers, protein mutations, stress, or injury are present, mitophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Accordingly, mitophagy mediates neuroprotective effects in some forms of neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and acute brain damage (e.g., stroke, hypoxic–ischemic brain injury, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury). The complex interplay between mitophagy and neurological disorders suggests that targeting mitophagy might be applicable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. However, due to the complexity of the mitophagy mechanism, mitophagy can be both harmful and beneficial, and future efforts should focus on maximizing its benefits. Here, we discuss the impact of mitophagy on neurological disorders, emphasizing the contrast between the positive and negative effects of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Deyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Antón Z, Montes LR, Alonso A. Molecular and mesoscopic geometries in autophagosome generation. A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183731. [PMID: 34419487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process in cell self-repair and survival. The centre of the autophagic event is the generation of the so-called autophagosome (AP), a vesicle surrounded by a double membrane (two bilayers). The AP delivers its cargo to a lysosome, for degradation and re-use of the hydrolysis products as new building blocks. AP formation is a very complex event, requiring dozens of specific proteins, and involving numerous instances of membrane biogenesis and architecture, including membrane fusion and fission. Many stages of AP generation can be rationalised in terms of curvature, both the molecular geometry of lipids interpreted in terms of 'intrinsic curvature', and the overall mesoscopic curvature of the whole membrane, as observed with microscopy techniques. The present contribution intends to bring together the worlds of biophysics and cell biology of autophagy, in the hope that the resulting cross-pollination will generate abundant fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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15
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Maiti B, Bhattacharya S. Liposomal nanoparticles based on steroids and isoprenoids for nonviral gene delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1759. [PMID: 34729941 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lipid molecules are an essential part of life as they constitute the membrane of cells and organelle. In most of these cases, the hydrophobicity of natural lipids is contributed by alkyl chains. Although natural lipids with a nonfatty acid hydrophobic backbone are quite rare, steroids and isoprenoids have been strong candidates as part of a lipid. Over the years, these natural molecules (steroid and isoprenoids) have been used to make either lipid-based nanoparticle or functionalize in such a way that it could form nano assembly alone for therapeutic delivery. Here we mainly focus on the synthetic functionalized version of these natural molecules which forms cationic liposomal nanoparticles (LipoNPs). These cationic LipoNPs were further used to deliver various negatively charged genetic materials in the form of pDNA, siRNA, mRNA (nucleic acids), and so on. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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18
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Corey RA, Song W, Duncan AL, Ansell TB, Sansom MSP, Stansfeld PJ. Identification and assessment of cardiolipin interactions with E. coli inner membrane proteins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh2217. [PMID: 34417182 PMCID: PMC8378812 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins are localized and/or regulated by lipids present in the surrounding bilayer. While bacteria have relatively simple membranes, there is ample evidence that many bacterial proteins bind to specific lipids, especially the anionic lipid cardiolipin. Here, we apply molecular dynamics simulations to assess lipid binding to 42 different Escherichia coli inner membrane proteins. Our data reveal an asymmetry between the membrane leaflets, with increased anionic lipid binding to the inner leaflet regions of the proteins, particularly for cardiolipin. From our simulations, we identify >700 independent cardiolipin binding sites, allowing us to identify the molecular basis of a prototypical cardiolipin binding site, which we validate against structures of bacterial proteins bound to cardiolipin. This allows us to construct a set of metrics for defining a high-affinity cardiolipin binding site on bacterial membrane proteins, paving the way for a heuristic approach to defining other protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Corey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Wanling Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anna L Duncan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - T Bertie Ansell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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19
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Phospholipids: Identification and Implication in Muscle Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158176. [PMID: 34360941 PMCID: PMC8347011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic molecules that were essential for life to become cellular. PLs have not only a key role in compartmentation as they are the main components of membrane, but they are also involved in cell signaling, cell metabolism, and even cell pathophysiology. Considered for a long time to simply be structural elements of membranes, phospholipids are increasingly being viewed as sensors of their environment and regulators of many metabolic processes. After presenting their main characteristics, we expose the increasing methods of PL detection and identification that help to understand their key role in life processes. Interest and importance of PL homeostasis is growing as pathogenic variants in genes involved in PL biosynthesis and/or remodeling are linked to human diseases. We here review diseases that involve deregulation of PL homeostasis and present a predominantly muscular phenotype.
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20
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TTAPE-Me dye is not selective to cardiolipin and binds to common anionic phospholipids nonspecifically. Biophys J 2021; 120:3776-3786. [PMID: 34280369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification, visualization, and quantitation of cardiolipin (CL) in biological membranes is of great interest because of the important structural and physiological roles of this lipid. Selective fluorescent detection of CL using noncovalently bound fluorophore 1,1,2,2-tetrakis[4-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)-phenylethene (TTAPE-Me) has been recently proposed. However, this dye was only tested on wild-type mitochondria or liposomes containing negligible amounts of other anionic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylserine (PS). No clear preference of TTAPE-Me for binding to CL compared to PG and PS was found in our experiments on artificial liposomes, Escherichia coli inside-out vesicles, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria in vitro or in situ, respectively. The shapes of the emission spectra for these anionic phospholipids were also found to be indistinguishable. Thus, TTAPE-Me is not suitable for detection, visualization, and localization of CL in the presence of other anionic lipids present in substantial physiological amounts. Our experiments and complementary molecular dynamics simulations suggest that fluorescence intensity of TTAPE-Me is regulated by dynamic equilibrium between emitting dye aggregates, stabilized by unspecific but thermodynamically favorable electrostatic interactions with anionic lipids, and nonemitting dye monomers. These results should be taken into consideration when interpreting past and future results of CL detection and localization studies with this probe in vitro and in vivo. Provided methodology emphasizes minimal experimental requirements, which should be considered as a guideline during the development of novel lipid-specific probes.
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21
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Cole LK, Agarwal P, Doucette CA, Fonseca M, Xiang B, Sparagna GC, Seshadri N, Vandel M, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Tafazzin Deficiency Reduces Basal Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in Pancreatic Islets From Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab102. [PMID: 34019639 PMCID: PMC8197286 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tafazzin (TAZ) is a cardiolipin (CL) biosynthetic enzyme important for maintaining mitochondrial function. TAZ affects both the species and content of CL in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are essential for normal cellular respiration. In pancreatic β cells, mitochondrial function is closely associated with insulin secretion. However, the role of TAZ and CL in the secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets remains unknown. Male 4-month-old doxycycline-inducible TAZ knock-down (KD) mice and wild-type littermate controls were used. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess β-cell morphology in whole pancreas sections, whereas ex vivo insulin secretion, CL content, RNA-sequencing analysis, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were measured from isolated islet preparations. Ex vivo insulin secretion under nonstimulatory low-glucose concentrations was reduced ~52% from islets isolated from TAZ KD mice. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption under low-glucose conditions was also reduced ~58% in islets from TAZ KD animals. TAZ deficiency in pancreatic islets was associated with significant alteration in CL molecular species and elevated polyunsaturated fatty acid CL content. In addition, RNA-sequencing of isolated islets showed that TAZ KD increased expression of extracellular matrix genes, which are linked to pancreatic fibrosis, activated stellate cells, and impaired β-cell function. These data indicate a novel role for TAZ in regulating pancreatic islet function, particularly under low-glucose conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, 16939 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Mario Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nivedita Seshadri
- Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Marilyne Vandel
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Department of Therapeutics, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, Canada
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22
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Han H, Li S, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Wang K, Jin Q, Ji J, Yao K. Emerging pro-drug and nano-drug strategies for gemcitabine-based cancer therapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:35-52. [PMID: 35261643 PMCID: PMC8888143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless, the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accordingly, it is highly crucial to fabricate efficient gemcitabine delivery systems to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine. A large number of gemcitabine pro-drugs were synthesized by chemical modification of gemcitabine to improve its biostability and bioavailability. Besides, gemcitabine-loaded nano-drugs were prepared to improve the delivery efficiency. In this review article, we introduced different strategies for improving the therapeutic performance of gemcitabine by the fabrication of pro-drugs and nano-drugs. We hope this review will provide new insight into the rational design of gemcitabine-based delivery strategies for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Corresponding authors.
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23
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Elucidating the contribution of mitochondrial glutathione to ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102021. [PMID: 34102574 PMCID: PMC8187237 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed iron-dependent cell death associated with peroxidation of lipids particularly, phospholipids. Several studies suggested a possible contribution of mitochondria to ferroptosis although the mechanisms underlying mitochondria-mediated ferroptotic pathways remain elusive. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a central player in ferroptosis that is required for glutathione peroxidase 4 to eliminate oxidized phospholipids. Mitochondria do not produce GSH, and although the transport of GSH to mitochondria is not fully understood, two carrier proteins, the dicarboxylate carrier (DIC, SLC25A10) and the oxoglutarate carrier (OGC, SLC25A11) have been suggested to participate in GSH transport. Here, we elucidated the role of DIC and OGC as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics in ferroptosis in H9c2 cardioblasts. Results showed that mitochondria are highly sensitive to ferroptotic stimuli displaying fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation shortly after the onset of ferroptotic stimulus. Inhibition of electron transport chain complexes and oxidative phosphorylation worsened RSL3-induced ferroptosis. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a dramatic increase in the levels of pro-ferroptotic oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine species in mitochondria in response to RSL3 (ferroptosis inducer) and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Inhibition of DIC and OGC aggravated ferroptosis and increased mitochondrial ROS, membrane depolarization, and GSH depletion. Dihydrolipoic acid, an essential cofactor for several mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, attenuated ferroptosis and induced direct reduction of pro-ferroptotic peroxidized phospholipids to hydroxy-phospholipids in vitro. In conclusion, we suggest that ferroptotic stimuli diminishes mitochondrial bioenergetics and stimulates GSH depletion and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation leading to ferroptosis.
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24
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Sparvero LJ, Tian H, Amoscato AA, Sun W, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurina YY, Kapralov O, Javadov S, He R, Watkins SC, Winograd N, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Direct Mapping of Phospholipid Ferroptotic Death Signals in Cells and Tissues by Gas Cluster Ion Beam Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (GCIB‐SIMS). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children's Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry Pennsylvania State University University Park State College PA 16802 USA
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Wan‐Yang Sun
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Tamil S. Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children's Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Oleksandr Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico San Juan PR 00936-5067 USA
| | - Rong‐Rong He
- College of Pharmacy and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry Pennsylvania State University University Park State College PA 16802 USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children's Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children's Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
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25
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Sparvero LJ, Tian H, Amoscato AA, Sun WY, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurina YY, Kapralov O, Javadov S, He RR, Watkins SC, Winograd N, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Direct Mapping of Phospholipid Ferroptotic Death Signals in Cells and Tissues by Gas Cluster Ion Beam Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (GCIB-SIMS). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11784-11788. [PMID: 33684237 PMCID: PMC8243396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEox) species have been identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as predictive biomarkers of ferroptosis, a new program of regulated cell death. However, the presence and subcellular distribution of PEox in specific cell types and tissues have not been directly detected by imaging protocols. By applying gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry (GCIB-SIMS) imaging with a 70 keV (H2 O)n+ (n>28 000) cluster ion beam, we were able to map PEox with 1.2 μm spatial resolution at the single cell/subcellular level in ferroptotic H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cortical/hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury. Application of this protocol affords visualization of physiologically relevant levels of very low abundance (20 pmol μmol-1 lipid) peroxidized lipids in subcellular compartments and their accumulation in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children’s Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park, State College, PA 16802 (USA)
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 (China)
| | - Tamil S. Anthonymuthu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children’s Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Oleksandr Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067 (USA)
| | - Rong-Rong He
- College of Pharmacy and School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 (China)
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Biological Imaging University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Nicholas Winograd
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University University Park, State College, PA 16802 (USA)
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children’s Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Children’s Neuroscience Institute UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (USA)
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26
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Norheim F, Chella Krishnan K, Bjellaas T, Vergnes L, Pan C, Parks BW, Meng Y, Lang J, Ward JA, Reue K, Mehrabian M, Gundersen TE, Péterfy M, Dalen KT, Drevon CA, Hui ST, Lusis AJ, Seldin MM. Genetic regulation of liver lipids in a mouse model of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9684. [PMID: 33417276 PMCID: PMC7792507 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the contributions of specific lipid species to metabolic traits, we integrated global hepatic lipid data with other omics measures and genetic data from a cohort of about 100 diverse inbred strains of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Association mapping, correlation, structure analyses, and network modeling revealed pathways and genes underlying these interactions. In particular, our studies lead to the identification of Ifi203 and Map2k6 as regulators of hepatic phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and triacylglycerol accumulation, respectively. Our analyses highlight mechanisms for how genetic variation in hepatic lipidome can be linked to physiological and molecular phenotypes, such as microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Lang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - James A Ward
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Miklós Péterfy
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Depatrment of Basic Medical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA
| | - Knut T Dalen
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Vitas ASOsloNorway
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and MetabolismUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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27
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Arena G, Modjtahedi N, Kruger R. Exploring the contribution of the mitochondrial disulfide relay system to Parkinson's disease: the PINK1/CHCHD4 interplay. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2222-2224. [PMID: 33818502 PMCID: PMC8354137 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arena
- Translational Neuroscience group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy Institute, CNRS, Metabolic and systemic aspects of oncogenesis for new therapeutic approaches, Villejuif, France
| | - Rejko Kruger
- Translational Neuroscience group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg; Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier du Luxembourg (CHL); Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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28
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Bharadwaj P, Garg M, Verdile G, Guillemin GJ, Martins RN. Targeting Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1273-1297. [PMID: 33285629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform many essential cellular functions including energy production, calcium homeostasis, transduction of metabolic and stress signals, and mediating cell survival and death. Maintaining viable populations of mitochondria is therefore critical for normal cell function. The selective disposal of damaged mitochondria, by a pathway known as mitophagy, plays a key role in preserving mitochondrial integrity and quality. Mitophagy reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species and is considered as a protective cellular process. Mitochondrial dysfunction and deficits of mitophagy have important roles in aging and especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting mitophagy pathways has been suggested to have potential therapeutic effects against AD. In this review, we aim to briefly discuss the emerging concepts on mitophagy, molecular regulation of the mitophagy process, current mitophagy detection methods, and mitophagy dysfunction in AD. Finally, we will also briefly examine the stimulation of mitophagy as an approach for attenuating neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona P W Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Prashant Bharadwaj
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Manohar Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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29
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Saghir AE, Farrugia G, Vassallo N. The human islet amyloid polypeptide in protein misfolding disorders: Mechanisms of aggregation and interaction with biomembranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 234:105010. [PMID: 33227292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), otherwise known as amylin, is a 37-residue peptide hormone which is reported to be a common factor in protein misfolding disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, due to deposition of insoluble hIAPP amyloid in the pancreas and brain. Multiple studies point to the importance of the peptide's interaction with biological membranes and the cytotoxicity of hIAPP species. Here, we discuss the aggregation pathways of hIAPP amyloid fibril formation and focus on the complex interplay between membrane-mediated assembly of hIAPP and the associated mechanisms of membrane damage caused by the peptide species. Mitochondrial membranes, which are unique in their lipid composition, are proposed as prime targets for the early intracellular formation of hIAPP toxic entities. We suggest that future studies should include more physiologically-relevant and in-cell studies to allow a more accurate model of in vivo interactions. Finally, we underscore an urgent need for developing effective therapeutic strategies aimed at hindering hIAPP-phospholipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam El Saghir
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Gianluca Farrugia
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
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30
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Cytochrome c modification and oligomerization induced by cardiolipin hydroperoxides in a membrane mimetic model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Mass spectrometric investigation of cardiolipins and their oxidation products after two-dimensional heart-cut liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Wheel and Deal in the Mitochondrial Inner Membranes: The Tale of Cytochrome c and Cardiolipin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6813405. [PMID: 32377304 PMCID: PMC7193304 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6813405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin oxidation and degradation by different factors under severe cell stress serve as a trigger for genetically encoded cell death programs. In this context, the interplay between cardiolipin and another mitochondrial factor—cytochrome c—is a key process in the early stages of apoptosis, and it is a matter of intense research. Cytochrome c interacts with lipid membranes by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic effects. Experimental conditions (including pH, lipid composition, and post-translational modifications) determine which specific amino acid residues are involved in the interaction and influence the heme iron coordination state. In fact, up to four binding sites (A, C, N, and L), driven by different interactions, have been reported. Nevertheless, key aspects of the mechanism for cardiolipin oxidation by the hemeprotein are well established. First, cytochrome c acts as a pseudoperoxidase, a process orchestrated by tyrosine residues which are crucial for peroxygenase activity and sensitivity towards oxidation caused by protein self-degradation. Second, flexibility of two weakest folding units of the hemeprotein correlates with its peroxidase activity and the stability of the iron coordination sphere. Third, the diversity of the mode of interaction parallels a broad diversity in the specific reaction pathway. Thus, current knowledge has already enabled the design of novel drugs designed to successfully inhibit cardiolipin oxidation.
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33
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Shilovsky GA, Putyatina TS, Ashapkin VV, Yamskova OV, Lyubetsky VA, Sorokina EV, Shram SI, Markov AV, Vyssokikh MY. Biological Diversity and Remodeling of Cardiolipin in Oxidative Stress and Age-Related Pathologies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 84:1469-1483. [PMID: 31870251 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791912006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related dysfunctions are accompanied by impairments in the mitochondrial morphology, activity of signaling pathway, and protein interactions. Cardiolipin is one of the most important phospholipids that maintains the curvature of the cristae and facilitates assembly and interaction of complexes and supercomplexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The fatty acid composition of cardiolipin influences the biophysical properties of the membrane and, therefore, is crucial for the mitochondrial bioenergetics. The presence of unsaturated fatty acids in cardiolipin is the reason of its susceptibility to oxidative damage. Damaged cardiolipin undergoes remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases, creating a highly specific fatty acyl profile for each tissue. In this review, we discuss the variability of cardiolipin fatty acid composition in various species and different tissues of the same species, both in the norm and at various pathologies (e.g., age-related diseases, oxidative and traumatic stresses, knockouts/knockdowns of enzymes of the cardiolipin synthesis pathway). Progressive pathologies, including age-related ones, are accompanied by cardiolipin depletion and decrease in the efficiency of its remodeling, as well as the activation of an alternative way of pathological remodeling, which causes replacement of cardiolipin fatty acids with polyunsaturated ones (e.g., arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids). Drugs or special diet can contribute to the partial restoration of the cardiolipin acyl profile to the one rich in fatty acids characteristic of an intact organ or tissue, thereby correcting the consequences of pathological or insufficient cardiolipin remodeling. In this regard, an urgent task of biomedicine is to study the mechanism of action of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants effective in the treatment of age-related pathologies and capable of accumulating not only in vitro, but also in vivo in the cardiolipin-enriched membrane fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - T S Putyatina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - V V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O V Yamskova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Lyubetsky
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - E V Sorokina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S I Shram
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A V Markov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M Y Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Blunsom NJ, Cockcroft S. CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthases (CDS): Gateway to Phosphatidylinositol and Cardiolipin Synthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:63. [PMID: 32117988 PMCID: PMC7018664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and cardiolipin (CL). Both PI and CL have highly specialized roles in cells. PI can be phosphorylated and these phosphorylated derivatives play major roles in signal transduction, membrane traffic, and maintenance of the actin cytoskeletal network. CL is the signature lipid of mitochondria and has a plethora of functions including maintenance of cristae morphology, mitochondrial fission, and fusion and for electron transport chain super complex formation. Both lipids are synthesized in different organelles although they share the common intermediate, CDP-DAG. CDP-DAG is synthesized from phosphatidic acid (PA) and CTP by enzymes that display CDP-DAG synthase activities. Two families of enzymes, CDS and TAMM41, which bear no sequence or structural relationship, have now been identified. TAMM41 is a peripheral membrane protein localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane required for CL synthesis. CDS enzymes are ancient integral membrane proteins found in all three domains of life. In mammals, they provide CDP-DAG for PI synthesis and for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and CL synthesis in prokaryotes. CDS enzymes are critical for maintaining phosphoinositide levels during phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Hydrolysis of PI (4,5) bisphosphate by PLC requires the resynthesis of PI and CDS enzymes catalyze the rate-limiting step in the process. In mammals, the protein products of two CDS genes (CDS1 and CDS2) localize to the ER and it is suggested that CDS2 is the major CDS for this process. Expression of CDS enzymes are regulated by transcription factors and CDS enzymes may also contribute to CL synthesis in mitochondria. Studies of CDS enzymes in protozoa reveal spatial segregation of CDS enzymes from the rest of the machinery required for both PI and CL synthesis identifying a key gap in our understanding of how CDP-DAG can cross the different membrane compartments in protozoa and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Vlasova II, Kapralov AA, Amoscato AA, Anthonymuthu TS, Tyurin VA, Shrivastava IH, Cinemre FB, Lamade A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Beezhold DH, Mallampalli RK, Srivastava AK, Bayir H, Shvedova AA. Redox Epiphospholipidome in Programmed Cell Death Signaling: Catalytic Mechanisms and Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:628079. [PMID: 33679610 PMCID: PMC7933662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.628079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A huge diversification of phospholipids, forming the aqueous interfaces of all biomembranes, cannot be accommodated within a simple concept of their role as membrane building blocks. Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. This group includes oxygenated octadecanoids, eicosanoids, and docosanoids and includes several hundreds of individual species. Oxygenation of PUFA can occur when they are esterified into major classes of phospholipids. Initially, these events have been associated with non-specific oxidative injury of biomembranes. An alternative concept is that these post-synthetically oxidatively modified phospholipids and their adducts with proteins are a part of a redox epiphospholipidome that represents a rich and versatile language for intra- and inter-cellular communications. The redox epiphospholipidome may include hundreds of thousands of individual molecular species acting as meaningful biological signals. This review describes the signaling role of oxygenated phospholipids in programs of regulated cell death. Although phospholipid peroxidation has been associated with almost all known cell death programs, we chose to discuss enzymatic pathways activated during apoptosis and ferroptosis and leading to peroxidation of two phospholipid classes, cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). This is based on the available LC-MS identification and quantitative information on the respective peroxidation products of CLs and PEs. We focused on molecular mechanisms through which two proteins, a mitochondrial hemoprotein cytochrome c (cyt c), and non-heme Fe lipoxygenase (LOX), change their catalytic properties to fulfill new functions of generating oxygenated CL and PE species. Given the high selectivity and specificity of CL and PE peroxidation we argue that enzymatic reactions catalyzed by cyt c/CL complexes and 15-lipoxygenase/phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (15LOX/PEBP1) complexes dominate, at least during the initiation stage of peroxidation, in apoptosis and ferroptosis. We contrast cell-autonomous nature of CLox signaling in apoptosis correlating with its anti-inflammatory functions vs. non-cell-autonomous ferroptotic signaling facilitating pro-inflammatory (necro-inflammatory) responses. Finally, we propose that small molecule mechanism-based regulators of enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation may lead to highly specific anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptotic therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Indira H Shrivastava
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Fatma B Cinemre
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Lamade
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donald H Beezhold
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Apurva K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NIOSH/CDC), Morgantown, WV, United States
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Clark DL, Velleman SG, Bernier M, McCormick J, Blakeslee JJ. Research Note: The effect of selection for 16-week body weight on turkey serum metabolome. Poult Sci 2020; 99:517-525. [PMID: 32416838 PMCID: PMC7587827 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of modern commercial turkeys is substantially different than that of unselected, heritage turkey lines. These phenotypic changes have arisen from alterations in the genome/transcriptome, as well as the influence of many external factors on growth performance including nutrition, environment, and management. To investigate the phenotypic changes resulting from genetic selection for increased body weight, The Ohio State University maintains 2 unique genetic turkey lines: the randombred control (RBC2) line, which is comprised of genetics from 1960 era commercial turkeys and has been maintained without conscious selection for any trait; and the F line, which was originally selected from the RBC2 line and has been selected for increased 16 wk body weight for over 50 generations. This study used broad-spectrum mass-spectrometry profiling techniques to identify and quantify differences in the metabolome of the serum of F and RBC2 turkey lines. Serum samples from both F and RBC2 turkeys were subject to quantitative time of flight liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Principle component analyses showed distinct populations of metabolites in the F vs. RBC2 serum, suggesting that increased body weight is associated with the accumulation of several metabolites. Comparing the spectral features to online databases resulted in the selection of 104 features with potentially identifiable chemical structures. Of these 104 features, 25 were found at higher levels in the serum of the RBC2 line turkeys, while 79 were found at a greater abundance in the F line turkeys. A more detailed analysis of these 104 features allowed for the putative identification of 49 compounds, which were clustered into 6 functional groups: 1) energy metabolism; 2) vitamins; 3) hormones and signaling molecules; 4) lipid derivatives, fatty acid metabolites, and membrane components; 5) amino acid/protein metabolism; and 6) microbial metabolites. Further validation and experimentation is needed to confirm the identity of these metabolites and understand their biological relevance and association with selection for increased body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Clark
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691.
| | - Sandra G Velleman
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Matthew Bernier
- Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center (CCIC), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Janet McCormick
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Joshua J Blakeslee
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, OARDC Metabolite Analysis Cluster, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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Helmer PO, Korf A, Hayen H. Analysis of artificially oxidized cardiolipins and monolyso-cardiolipins via liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry and Kendrick mass defect plots after hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography based sample preparation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8566. [PMID: 31469924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiolipins (CL) are a special lipid class which plays a main role in energy metabolism in mitochondria and is involved in apoptosis. In contrast to other glycerophospholipids, they contain four fatty acyl residues which results in a high structural diversity. Oxidation, for example by reactive oxygen species, or lyso forms such as monolyso-CL (MLCL), increases this diversity. Mass spectrometric analysis and computational identification of CL, MLCL and their oxidation products is therefore a challenging task. METHODS In order to distinguish CL, MLCL and their oxidation products, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed. A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up approach was developed for CL enrichment. Graphical analysis of CL, MLCL and their oxidation products was carried out by a three-dimensional Kendrick mass defect (3D-KMD) plot module, as well as a refined lipid search module of the open-source metabolomics data mining software MZmine 2. RESULTS The HILIC-based SPE clean-up enabled complete separation of polar and nonpolar lipid classes. A yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) lipid extract, which was artificially oxidized by means of the Fenton reaction, was analyzed by the developed LC/MS/MS method. CL species with differences in chain length and degree of unsaturation have been separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In total 66 CL, MLCL and oxidized species have been identified utilizing 3D-KMD plots in combination with database matching using MZmine 2. For further characterization of annotated species, MS/MS experiments have been utilized. CONCLUSIONS 3D-KMD plots capturing chromatographic and high-resolution mass spectrometry data have been successfully used for graphical identification of CL, MLCL as well as their oxidized species. Therefore, we chose multiple KMD bases such as hydrogen and oxygen to visualize the degree of unsaturation and oxidation capturing chromatographic data by means of a color-coded paint scale as the third dimension. In combination with database matching, the analysis of low concentrated lipid species in complex samples has been significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ansgar Korf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Holič R, Pokorná L, Griač P. Metabolism of phospholipids in the yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yeast 2019; 37:73-92. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Holič
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pokorná
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Griač
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava Slovakia
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Prediabetes Induced by Fructose-Enriched Diet Influences Cardiac Lipidome and Proteome and Leads to Deterioration of Cardiac Function prior to the Development of Excessive Oxidative Stress and Cell Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3218275. [PMID: 31885782 PMCID: PMC6925817 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3218275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes is a condition affecting more than 35% of the population. In some forms, excessive carbohydrate intake (primarily refined sugar) plays a prominent role. Prediabetes is a symptomless, mostly unrecognized disease which increases cardiovascular risk. In our work, we examined the effect of a fructose-enriched diet on cardiac function and lipidome as well as proteome of cardiac muscle. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The control group received a normal diet while the fructose-fed group received 60% fructose-supplemented chow for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose measurement and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed slightly but significantly elevated values due to fructose feeding indicating development of a prediabetic condition. Both echocardiography and isolated working heart perfusion performed at the end of the feeding protocol demonstrated diastolic cardiac dysfunction in the fructose-fed group. Mass spectrometry-based, high-performance lipidomic and proteomic analyses were executed from cardiac tissue. The lipidomic analysis revealed complex rearrangement of the whole lipidome with special emphasis on defects in cardiolipin remodeling. The proteomic analysis showed significant changes in 75 cardiac proteins due to fructose feeding including mitochondria-, apoptosis-, and oxidative stress-related proteins. Nevertheless, just very weak or no signs of apoptosis induction and oxidative stress were detected in the hearts of fructose-fed rats. Our results suggest that fructose feeding induces marked alterations in the cardiac lipidome, especially in cardiolipin remodeling, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cardiac function. However, at the same time, several adaptive responses are induced at the proteome level in order to maintain a homeostatic balance. These findings demonstrate that even very early stages of prediabetes can impair cardiac function and can result in significant changes in the lipidome and proteome of the heart prior to the development of excessive oxidative stress and cell damage.
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Kasahara T, Kubota-Sakashita M, Nagatsuka Y, Hirabayashi Y, Hanasaka T, Tohyama K, Kato T. Cardiolipin is essential for early embryonic viability and mitochondrial integrity of neurons in mammals. FASEB J 2019; 34:1465-1480. [PMID: 31914590 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901598r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark phospholipid of mitochondria and plays a significant role in maintaining the mitochondrial structure and functions. Despite the physiological importance of CL, mutant organisms, yeast, Arabidopsis, C elegans, and Drosophila, which lack CL synthase (Crls1) gene and consequently are deprived of CL, are viable. Here we report conditional Crls1-deficient mice using targeted insertion of loxP sequences flanking the functional domain of CRLS1 enzyme. Homozygous null mutant mice exhibited early embryonic lethality at the peri-implantation stage. We generated neuron-specific Crls1 knockout (cKO) mice by crossing with Camk2α-Cre mice. Neuronal loss and gliosis were gradually manifested in the forebrains, where CL levels were significantly decreased. In the surviving neurons, malformed mitochondria with bubble-like or onion-like inner membrane structures were observed. We showed decreased supercomplex assembly and reduced enzymatic activities of electron transport chain complexes in the forebrain of cKO mice, resulting in affected mitochondrial calcium dynamics, a slower rate of Ca2+ uptake and a smaller calcium retention capacity. These observations clearly demonstrate indispensable roles of CL as well as of Crls1 gene in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Mie Kubota-Sakashita
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nagatsuka
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu-shi, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hanasaka
- Department of Physiology School of Dentistry, The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Koujiro Tohyama
- Department of Physiology School of Dentistry, The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Japan
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Schädeli D, Serricchio M, Ben Hamidane H, Loffreda A, Hemphill A, Beneke T, Gluenz E, Graumann J, Bütikofer P. Cardiolipin depletion–induced changes in theTrypanosoma bruceiproteome. FASEB J 2019; 33:13161-13175. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901184rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schädeli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessio Loffreda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tom Beneke
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gluenz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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The Role of Cardiolipin and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Transplant. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3836186. [PMID: 31885786 PMCID: PMC6899302 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3836186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly incident and prevalent in the world. The death of patients with CKD is primarily due to cardiovascular disease. Renal transplantation (RT) emerges as the best management alternative for patients with CKD. However, the incidence of acute renal graft dysfunction is 11.8% of the related living donor and 17.4% of the cadaveric donor. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) or antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are important risk factors for acute renal graft dysfunction. The determination of ACA or APA to candidates for RT could serve as prognostic markers of early graft failure and would indicate which patients could benefit from anticoagulant therapy. Cardiolipin is a fundamental molecule that plays an important role in the adequate conformation of the mitochondrial cristae and the correct assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes and other proteins essential for proper mitochondrial function. Cardiolipin undergoes a nonrandom oxidation process by having pronounced specificity unrelated to the polyunsaturation pattern of its acyl groups. Accumulation of hydroxyl derivatives and cardiolipin hydroperoxides has been observed in the affected tissues, and recent studies showed that oxidation of cardiolipin is carried out by a cardiolipin-specific peroxidase activity of cardiolipin-bound cytochrome c. Cardiolipin could be responsible for the proapoptotic production of death signals. Cardiolipin modulates the production of energy and participates in inflammation, mitophagy, and cellular apoptosis. The determination of cardiolipin or its antibodies is an attractive therapeutic, diagnostic target in RT and kidney diseases.
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Li L, Zhong S, Shen X, Li Q, Xu W, Tao Y, Yin H. Recent development on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31202785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the cellular membrane can be oxidized by various enzymes or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form many oxidized lipids. These metabolites are highly bioactive, participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with Liquid Chromatography, has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable tool for the analysis of oxidized lipids due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity. We will give an update on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to generation of various oxidized lipids and recent progress on the development of LC-MS in the detection of these bioactive lipids derived from fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the formation mechanisms and technological advances in LC-MS for the study of oxidized lipids in human diseases, and to shed new light on the potential of using oxidized lipids as biomarkers and mechanistic clues of pathogenesis related to lipid metabolism. The key technical problems associated with analysis of oxidized lipids and challenges in the field will also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Ni Z, Goracci L, Cruciani G, Fedorova M. Computational solutions in redox lipidomics - Current strategies and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:110-123. [PMID: 31035005 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The high chemical diversity of lipids allows them to perform multiple biological functions ranging from serving as structural building blocks of biological membranes to regulation of metabolism and signal transduction. In addition to the native lipidome, lipid species derived from enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications (the epilipidome) make the overall picture even more complex, as their functions are still largely unknown. Oxidized lipids represent the fraction of epilipidome which has attracted high scientific attention due to their apparent involvement in the onset and development of numerous human disorders. Development of high-throughput analytical methods such as liquid chromatography coupled on-line to mass spectrometry provides the possibility to address epilipidome diversity in complex biological samples. However, the main bottleneck of redox lipidomics, the branch of lipidomics dealing with the characterization of oxidized lipids, remains the lack of optimal computational tools for robust, accurate and specific identification of already discovered and yet unknown modified lipids. Here we discuss the main principles of high-throughput identification of lipids and their modified forms and review the main software tools currently available in redox lipidomics. Different levels of confidence for software assisted identification of redox lipidome are defined and necessary steps toward optimal computational solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Ni
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, Germany.
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MitoCLox: A Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent Probe for Tracing Lipid Peroxidation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9710208. [PMID: 31827716 PMCID: PMC6885286 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9710208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidation of cardiolipin (CL) in the inner mitochondrial membrane plays a key role in the development of various pathologies and, probably, aging. The four fatty acid tails of CL are usually polyunsaturated, which makes CL particularly sensitive to peroxidation. Peroxidation of CL is involved in the initiation of apoptosis, as well as in some other important cellular signaling chains. However, the studies of CL peroxidation are strongly limited by the lack of methods for its tracing in living cells. We have synthesized a new mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe sensitive to lipid peroxidation (dubbed MitoCLox), where the BODIPY fluorophore, carrying a diene-containing moiety (as in the C11-BODIPY (581/591) probe), is conjugated with a triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+) via a long flexible linker that contains two amide bonds. The oxidation of MitoCLox could be measured either as a decrease of absorbance at 588 nm or as an increase of fluorescence in the ratiometric mode at 520/590 nm (emission). In CL-containing liposomes, MitoCLox oxidation was induced by cytochrome c and developed in parallel with cardiolipin oxidation. TPP+-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, in its reduced form, inhibited oxidation of MitoCLox concurrently with the peroxidation of cardiolipin. Molecular dynamic simulations of MitoCLox in a cardiolipin-containing membrane showed affinity of positively charged MitoCLox to negatively charged CL molecules; the oxidizable diene moiety of MitoCLox resided on the same depth as the cardiolipin lipid peroxides. We suggest that MitoCLox could be used for monitoring CL oxidation in vivo and, owing to its flexible linker, also serve as a platform for producing peroxidation sensors with affinity to particular lipids.
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Macedo F, Martins GL, Luévano-Martínez LA, Viana GM, Riske KA, Inague A, Yoshinaga MY, Aguilaniu H, Miyamoto S, Glezer I, da Cunha FM. Lipase-like 5 enzyme controls mitochondrial activity in response to starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158539. [PMID: 31676440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans lipase-like 5 (lipl-5) gene is predicted to code for a lipase homologous to the human gastric acid lipase. Its expression was previously shown to be modulated by nutritional or immune cues, but nothing is known about its impact on the lipid landscape and ensuing functional consequences. In the present work, we used mutants lacking LIPL-5 protein and found that lipl-5 is important for normal lipidome composition as well as its remodeling in response to food deprivation. Particularly, lipids with signaling functions such as ceramides and mitochondrial lipids were affected by lipl-5 silencing. In comparison with wild type worms, animals lacking LIPL-5 were enriched in cardiolipins linked to polyunsaturated C20 fatty acids and coenzyme Q-9. Differences in mitochondrial lipid composition were accompanied by differences in mitochondrial activity as mitochondria from well-fed lipl-5 mutants were significantly more able to oxidize respiratory substrates when compared with mitochondria from well-fed wild type worms. Strikingly, starvation elicited important changes in mitochondrial activity in wild type worms, but not in lipl-5 worms. This indicates that this lipase is a determinant of mitochondrial functional remodeling in response to food withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Loureiro Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65, CEP 05508-030, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Luévano-Martínez
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, CEP 05508-900, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monteiro Viana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, CEP 04039-032, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Aguilaniu
- CNRS, France; Instituto Serrapilheira-Rua Dias Ferreira, 78 s202, CEP 22431-050, Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de maio, 100, CEP 04044-020, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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48
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Macias LA, Feider CL, Eberlin LS, Brodbelt JS. Hybrid 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry Localizes Cardiolipin Unsaturations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12509-12516. [PMID: 31490676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing alternative MS/MS strategies to distinguish isomeric lipids has become a high impact goal in shotgun lipidomics. Novel approaches have been developed to resolve structural features that are not discernible by traditional shotgun methods and have consequently promoted the discovery of new disease biomarkers. However, these methods have largely been limited to characterizing lipids with low structural complexity. Here, ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) strategies for phospholipid characterization are expanded for analysis of cardiolipins (CL), a class of phospholipids that exhibits a higher degree of structural complexity. A hybrid collision induced dissociation/193 nm UVPD (CID/UVPD) approach was implemented to pinpoint the location of both double bond and cyclopropyl unsaturations on the four acyl chains of CLs. This strategy was complemented with CID for the de novo elucidation of unknown CLs in biological extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Macias
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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49
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Zhao W, Cao L, Ying H, Zhang W, Li D, Zhu X, Xue W, Wu S, Cao M, Fu C, Qi H, Hao Y, Tang YC, Qin J, Zhong TP, Lin X, Yu L, Li X, Li L, Wu D, Pan W. Endothelial CDS2 deficiency causes VEGFA-mediated vascular regression and tumor inhibition. Cell Res 2019; 29:895-910. [PMID: 31501519 PMCID: PMC6889172 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of endothelial cells to signaling stimulation is critical for vascular morphogenesis, homeostasis and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGFA) has been commonly recognized as a pro-angiogenic factor in vertebrate developmental, physiological and pathological conditions for decades. Here we report a novel finding that genetic ablation of CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase-2 (CDS2), a metabolic enzyme that controls phosphoinositide recycling, switches the output of VEGFA signaling from promoting angiogenesis to unexpectedly inducing vessel regression. Live imaging analysis uncovered the presence of reverse migration of the angiogenic endothelium in cds2 mutant zebrafish upon VEGFA stimulation, and endothelium regression also occurred in postnatal retina and implanted tumor models in mice. In tumor models, CDS2 deficiency enhanced the level of tumor-secreted VEGFA, which in-turn trapped tumors into a VEGFA-induced vessel regression situation, leading to suppression of tumor growth. Mechanistically, VEGFA stimulation reduced phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) availability in the absence of CDS2-controlled-phosphoinositide metabolism, subsequently causing phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) deficiency and FOXO1 activation to trigger regression of CDS2-null endothelium. Thus, our data indicate that the effect of VEGFA on vasculature is context-dependent and can be converted from angiogenesis to vascular regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Le Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Hanru Ying
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mengye Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Chi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, East China Normal University School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Yu
- Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China. .,Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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50
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Pizzuto M, Lonez C, Baroja-Mazo A, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Tourlomousis P, Gangloff M, Pelegrin P, Ruysschaert JM, Gay NJ, Bryant CE. Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3667-3678. [PMID: 31062071 PMCID: PMC6697720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerols found in bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. In healthy mammals, CLs are unsaturated, whereas saturated CLs are found in blood cells from Barth syndrome patients and in some Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we show that unsaturated but not saturated CLs block LPS-induced NF-κB activation, TNF-α and IP-10 secretion in human and murine macrophages, as well as LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β release in human blood mononuclear cells. Using HEK293 cells transfected with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptor Myeloid Differentiation 2 (MD2), we demonstrate that unsaturated CLs compete with LPS for binding TLR4/MD2 preventing its activation, whereas saturated CLs are TLR4/MD2 agonists. As a consequence, saturated CLs induce a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages characterized by TNF-α and IP-10 secretion, and activate the alternative NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in human blood-derived monocytes. Thus, we identify that double bonds discriminate between anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of tetra-acylated molecules, providing a rationale for the development of TLR4 activators and inhibitors for use as vaccine adjuvants or in the treatment of TLR4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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