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Wang W, Wang Z, Meng Z, Jiang S, Liu Z, Zhu HY, Li XD, Zhang JT, Li W. Platycodin D Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Myocardial Injury by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10339-10354. [PMID: 38682702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pharmacological intervention with Platycodin D (PD), a critically active compound isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, in mitigating cardiotoxicity in a murine model of type 2 diabetes-induced cardiac injury and in H9c2 cells in vitro. Following oral administration for 4 weeks, PD (2.5 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the elevation of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, improved dyslipidemia, and effectively inhibited the rise of the cardiac injury markers creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). PD treatment could ameliorate energy metabolism disorders induced by impaired glucose uptake by activating AMPK protein expression in the DCM mouse model, thereby promoting the GLUT4 transporter and further activating autophagy-related proteins. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that PD exerted a concentration-dependent increase in cell viability while also inhibiting palmitic acid and glucose (HG-PA)-stimulated H9c2 cytotoxicity and activating AMPK protein expression. Notably, the AMPK activator AICAR (1 mM) was observed to upregulate the expression of AMPK in H9c2 cells after high-glucose and -fat exposure. Meanwhile, we used AMPK inhibitor Compound C (20 μM) to investigate the effect of PD activation of AMPK on cells. In addition, the molecular docking approach was employed to dock PD with AMPK, revealing a binding energy of -8.2 kcal/mol and indicating a tight interaction between the components and the target. PD could reduce the expression of autophagy-related protein p62, reduce the accumulation of autophagy products, promote the flow of autophagy, and improve myocardial cell injury. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that PD effectively inhibits cardiac injury-induced type 2 diabetes in mice and enhances energy metabolism in HG-PA-stimulated H9c2 cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings collectively unveil the potential cardioprotective effects of PD via modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 130021, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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2
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Li J, Wu J, Xie Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes and lung cancer bone metastasis: unraveling the role of adipokines in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360471. [PMID: 38571500 PMCID: PMC10987778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site of metastasis for lung cancer. The "seed and soil" hypothesis suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment ("soil") may provide a conducive survival environment for metastasizing tumor cells ("seeds"). The bone marrow microenvironment, comprising a complex array of cells, includes bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), which constitute about 70% of the adult bone marrow volume and may play a significant role in tumor bone metastasis. BMAs can directly provide energy for tumor cells, promoting their proliferation and migration. Furthermore, BMAs participate in the tumor microenvironment's osteogenesis regulation, osteoclast(OC) regulation, and immune response through the secretion of adipokines, cytokines, and inflammatory factors. However, the precise mechanisms of BMAs in lung cancer bone metastasis remain largely unclear. This review primarily explores the role of BMAs and their secreted adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, Nesfatin-1, Resistin, chemerin, visfatin) in lung cancer bone metastasis, aiming to provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Haggagy MG, Ahmed LA, Sharaky M, Elhefnawi MM, Omran MM. SIRT1 as a potential key regulator for mediating apoptosis in oropharyngeal cancer using cyclophosphamide and all-trans retinoic acid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38167952 PMCID: PMC10761886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Although cyclophosphamide (CTX) has been used for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers, resistance is usually expected. Thus, we conducted this study to examine the effect of adding all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to CTX, to increase efficacy of CTX and reduce the risk of resistance developed. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of ATRA and CTX on the expression of apoptotic and angiogenesis markers in oropharyngeal carcinoma cell line (NO3), and the possible involved mechanisms. ATRA and CTX in combination significantly inhibited the proliferation of NO3 cells. Lower dose of CTX in combination with ATRA exhibited significant cytotoxicity than that of CTX when used alone, implying lower expected toxicity. Results showed that ATRA and CTX modulated oxidative stress; increased NOx and MDA, reduced GSH, and mRNA expression of Cox-2, SIRT1 and AMPK. Apoptosis was induced through elevating mRNA expressions of Bax and PAR-4 and suppressing that of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2, parallel with increased caspases 3 and 9 and decreased VEGF, endothelin-1 and CTGF levels. The primal action of the combined regimen on inflammatory signaling highlights its impact on cell death in NO3 cell line which was mediated by oxidative stress associated with apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab G Haggagy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elhefnawi
- Biomedical Informatics and Chemoinformatic Group, Informatics and Systems Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
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Nakanishi R, Tanaka M, Nisa BU, Shimizu S, Hirabayashi T, Tanaka M, Maeshige N, Roy RR, Fujino H. Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure lessens intramyocellular lipid accumulation due to high-fat feeding via enhanced lipid metabolism in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289086. [PMID: 38011220 PMCID: PMC10681264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat feeding results in intramyocellular lipid accumulation, leading to insulin resistance. Intramyocellular lipid accumulation is related to an energy imbalance between excess fat intake and fatty acid consumption. Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure has been shown to enhance mitochondrial metabolism in the liver and sperm. Therefore, we hypothesized that alternating current electromagnetic field exposure would ameliorate high-fat diet-induced intramyocellular lipid accumulation via activation of fatty acid consumption. C57BL/6J mice were either fed a normal diet (ND), a normal diet and exposed to an alternating current electromagnetic field (ND+EMF), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet and exposed to an alternating current electromagnetic field (HFD+EMF). Electromagnetic field exposure was administered 8 hrs/day for 16 weeks using an alternating current electromagnetic field device (max.180 mT, Hokoen, Utatsu, Japan). Tibialis anterior muscles were collected for measurement of intramyocellular lipids, AMPK phosphorylation, FAT/CD-36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1b protein expression levels. Intramyocellular lipid levels were lower in the HFD + EMF than in the HFD group. The levels of AMPK phosphorylation, FAT/CD-36, and CPT-1b protein levels were higher in the HFD + EMF than in the HFD group. These results indicate that alternating current electromagnetic field exposure decreases intramyocellular lipid accumulation via increased fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe International University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Badur un Nisa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shimizu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Roland R. Roy
- Brain Research Institute and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Fan Z, Wan LX, Jiang W, Liu B, Wu D. Targeting autophagy with small-molecule activators for potential therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115722. [PMID: 37595546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is well-known to be a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis, which has been established with many links to a variety of human diseases. Compared with the therapeutic strategy for inhibiting autophagy, activating autophagy seems to be another promising therapeutic strategy in several contexts. Hitherto, mounting efforts have been made to discover potent and selective small-molecule activators of autophagy to potentially treat human diseases. Thus, in this perspective, we focus on summarizing the complicated relationships between defective autophagy and human diseases, and further discuss the updated progress of a series of small-molecule activators targeting autophagy in human diseases. Taken together, these inspiring findings would provide a clue on discovering more small-molecule activators of autophagy as targeted candidate drugs for potential therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin-Xi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Glucose-mediated N-glycosylation of RPTPα affects its subcellular localization and Src activation. Oncogene 2023; 42:1058-1071. [PMID: 36765146 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase α (RPTPα) is one of the typical PTPs that play indispensable roles in many cellular processes associated with cancers. It has been considered as the most powerful regulatory oncogene for Src activation, however it is unclear how its biological function is regulated by post-translational modifications. Here, we show that the extracellular segment of RPTPα is highly N-glycosylated precisely at N21, N36, N68, N80, N86, N104 and N124 sites. Such N-glycosylation modifications mediated by glucose concentration alter the subcellular localization of RPTPα from Golgi apparatus to plasma membrane, enhance the interaction of RPTPα with Src, which in turn enhances the activation of Src and ultimately promotes tumor development. Our results identified the N-glycosylation modifications of RPTPα, and linked it to glucose starvation and Src activation for promoting tumor development, which provides new evidence for the potential antitumor therapy.
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Research progress in lipid metabolic regulation of bioactive peptides. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHyperlipidemia poses a serious threat to human health and evaluating the ability of natural active substances to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism is the focus of food functionality research in recent years. Bioactive peptides are distinguished by their broad range of sources, high nutritional content, ease of absorption and use by the body, and ease of determining their sequences. Bioactive peptides have a wide range of potential applications in the area of medicines and food. The regulation of lipid metabolism disorder caused by bioactive peptides from different sources provides a reference for the development and research of bioactive peptides for lipid reduction.
Graphical Abstract
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Konieczny P, Adamus T, Sułkowski M, Skrzypek K, Majka M. Impact of AMPK on cervical carcinoma progression and metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:43. [PMID: 36658117 PMCID: PMC9852279 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm among women. Late diagnosis is directly associated with the incidence of metastatic disease and remarkably limits the effectiveness of conventional anticancer therapies at the advanced tumor stage. In this study, we investigated the role of 5'AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in the metastatic progression of cervical cancer. Since the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known as major mechanism enabling cancer cell metastasis, cell lines, which accurately represent this process, have been used as a research model. We used C-4I and HTB-35 cervical cancer cell lines representing distant stages of the disease, in which we genetically modified the expression of the AMPK catalytic subunit α. We have shown that tumor progression leads to metabolic deregulation which results in reduced expression and activity of AMPK. We also demonstrated that AMPK is related to the ability of cells to acquire invasive phenotype and potential for in vivo metastases, and its activity may inhibit these processes. Our findings support the hypothesis that AMPK is a promising therapeutic target and modulation of its expression and activity may improve the efficacy of cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Konieczny
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Transplantation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Adamus
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Transplantation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Transplantation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Skrzypek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Transplantation, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Transplantation, Krakow, Poland.
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Yu K, Zhao X, Xiang Y, Li C. Phenotypic and functional characterization of two coelomocyte subsets in Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108453. [PMID: 36471560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The hemocytes of invertebrates are composed of different cell subsets with different morphologies and structures. Different cell subsets have different immune functions, which play an important role in innate immune response against pathogens. However, the understanding of the classification of Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes and the molecular basis of immune function of different cell subsets is very limited. In this study, two coelomocyte subpopulations of A. japonicus were isolated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. They were identified from their morphological and structural characteristics, namely, spherical cells with a size of 10-12 μm spherical in shape and a large number of small granules inside; lymphocyte-like cells with a size of 4-5 μm spherical or oval in shape, and 1-3 filopodia. Functionally, the phagocytic capacity and lysosomal activity in spherical cells were significantly greater than those in lymphocyte-like cells. The results suggest that spherical cells may play a more critical role in the immune responses. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to further clarify the functional differences between the two cell subsets. The data indicated significantly different gene expression patterns in them. Spherical cells tend to participate in immune defense, whereas lymphocyte-like cells tend to participate in energy metabolism. In addition, lymphocyte-like cells may convert oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis by changing the manner of energy metabolism to quickly adapt to the energy demand of external stimuli. Spherical cells may respond to LPS stimulation through phagocytosis, and their response time is slower than that of lymphocyte-like cells. The expression of genes involved in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and lysosomal and humoral immunity in spherical cells was significantly higher than that in lymphocyte-like cells. These data provide valuable information for understanding the molecular basis of cellular and humoral immunity in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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ALTamimi JZ, Alshammari GM, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Albekairi NA, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:25-37. [PMID: 34870551 PMCID: PMC8654409 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1990969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is used in traditional medicine to treated hyperlipidaemia. OBJECTIVE This study examined if AMPK mediates the anti-steatotic effect of ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 rats/group) as control, control + EA, control + EA + CC an AMPK inhibitor), T1DM, T1DM + EA, and T1DM + EA + CC. The treatments with EA (50 mg/kg/orally) and CC (200 ng/rat/i.p.) were given the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. RESULTS In T1DM-rats, EA reduced fasting glucose levels (44.8%), increased fasting insulin levels (92.8%), prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased hepatic and serum levels of total triglycerides (54% & 61%), cholesterol (57% & 48%), and free fatty acids (40% & 37%). It also reduced hepatic levels of ROS (62%), MDA (52%), TNF-α (62%), and IL-6 (57.2%) and the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65 (54%) but increased the nuclear activity of Nrf-2 (4-fold) and levels of GSH (107%) and SOD (87%). Besides, EA reduced downregulated SREBP1 (35%), SREBP2 (34%), ACC-1 (36%), FAS (38%), and HMG-CoAR (49%) but stimulated mRNA levels of PPARα (1.7-fold) and CPT1a (1.8-fold), CPT1b (2.9-fold), and p-AMPK (4-fold). All these events were prevented by the co-administration of CC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings encourage the use of EA to treat hepatic disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ahmad Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nasrollahi Z, ShahaniPour K, Monajemi R, Ahadi AM. Effect of quercetin and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench on lipids metabolism and blood glucose through AMPK-α in diabetic rats (HFD/STZ). J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14506. [PMID: 36369969 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key enzyme in the glyconeogenesis pathway. The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α) pathway regulates PEPCK, which itself is activated by the AMP/ATP ratio and liver kinase B1 (KB1). The Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) plant contains a large amount of quercetin that can function as an agonist or an antagonist. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of quercetin flavonoid and A. esculentus extract on the level of AMPK-α expression and associated metabolic pathways. The findings demonstrate that metformin, quercetin, and okra extract may significantly raise AMPK-α levels while significantly lowering PEPCK and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) levels, in addition to improving glucose and lipid profiles. By stimulating KB1, these substances increased AMPK-α activation. Additionally, AMPK-α activation improved insulin resistance and Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression levels. Since AMPK-α maintains energy balance and its activity has not been reported to be inhibited so far, it could be a potent therapeutic target. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The development of effective AMPK-α agonists and antagonists holds promise for the treatment of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Dietary polyphenols are a valuable source for developing new drugs. However, due to the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of their effect on cells, their use in the treatment of diabetes is controversial. In addition to chemicals that have medicinal benefits, chemists are searching for less harmful substances. Using plants containing bioactive chemicals for this purpose can be a good alternative to chemical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nasrollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kahin ShahaniPour
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 PMCID: PMC9440900 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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Zou H, Zou H, Li X, Qiu Q, Geng N, Zhang B, Yan G, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yao B, Zhang G, Zou C. Metformin-induced AMPK activation suppresses larval growth and molting probably by disrupting 20E synthesis and glycometabolism in fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105083. [PMID: 35430073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, considered to be a potent AMPK activator, is widely used for clinical therapy of cancer and diabetes due to its distinct function in regulating cell energy balance and body metabolism. However, the effect of metformin-induced AMPK activation on the growth and development of insects remains largely unknown. In the present study, we focused on the role of metformin in regulating the growth and development of Hyphantria cunea, a notorious defoliator in the forestry. Firstly, we obtained the complete coding sequences of HcAMPKα2, HcAMPKβ1, HcAMPKγ2 from H. cunea, which encoded a protein of 512, 281, and 680 amino acids respectively. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that these three subunits were highly homologous with the AMPK subunits from other lepidopteran species. According to the bioassay, we found metformin remarkably restrained the growth and development of H. cunea larvae, and caused molting delayed and body weight reduced. In addition, expressions of HcAMPKα2, HcAMPKβ1, and HcAMPKγ2 were upregulated 3.30-, 5.93- and 5.92-folds at 24 h after treatment, confirming that metformin activated AMPK signaling at the transcriptional level in H. cunea larvae. Conversely, the expressions of two vital Halloween genes (HcCYP306A1 and HcCYP314A1) in the 20E synthesis pathway were remarkably suppressed by metformin. Thus, we presumed that metformin delayed larval molting probably by impeding 20E synthesis in the H. cunea larvae. Finally, we found that metformin accelerated glycogen breakdown, elevated in vivo trehalose level, promoted chitin synthesis, and upregulated transcriptions of the genes in chitin synthesis pathway. Taken together, the findings provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK regulates carbohydrate metabolism and chitin synthesis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xingpeng Li
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Qian Qiu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nannan Geng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Gaige Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bin Yao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Chuanshan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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14
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Guo Y, Jiang X, Chang Q, Xiao Z, Chen Z, Jiang D, Hu G, Li Q. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, and regulation of the AMPK/70S6K pathway. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100465. [PMID: 35415908 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for anti-lung cancer activity. Structure-activity relationship and AutoGPA models were constructed based on the in vitro antiproliferative potency of the compounds against a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). Compound 9d exhibits improved potency for A549 cell growth inhibition (3.06 ± 0.05 μM) compared with A-769662 (45.29 ± 2.14 μM). Compound 9d can elevate the phosphorylation levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase and reduce the level of phosphorylated ribosomal S6 kinase (p-70S6K) at 1 μM, which is comparable to the activity of A-769662 at 20 μM. 9d induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was rescued when co-incubated with "Compound C," a potent AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, compound 9d showed potential anti-lung cancer activity via inducing cell cycle arrest by regulation of the AMPK/70S6K pathway in A549 cells, which could provide a new lead for the discovery of anti-lung cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoding Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dejian Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Hunan Center for Safety Evaluation and Research of Drugs, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Infantino V, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Allegrini P, Perna S, Iannello G, Peroni G, Gasparri C, Rondanelli M. The Use of Berberine in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Two Sides of
the Same Coin. A Bibliometric Analysis. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666211125101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes has
prompted scientists to look for new active and safe molecules that may help the prevention of metabolic
disorders: hyperglycemia, insulin-resistance and dyslipidemia. Berberine is an alkaloid
compound derived from plants, and it is largely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of
this study is to investigate in SCOPUS and Web of Science (WOS) databases how the scientists
focused on the use of berberine against metabolic disorders, in human subjects. We carried A bibliometric
analysis of scientific literature and performed 2 searches: 1) “Berberine” AND “Diabetes”
AND “Diabetes Type 2”, 2) “Berberine” AND “Metabolic Syndrome”, both in ARTICLE
(Title/Abstract/Keyword) with a time limitation of 1st January, 2000 through 31st December,
2018, with the filter on “HUMAN” AND/OR “HUMANS”. The research sorted out 500 papers,
finding about 300 (60 %) in the first search definition and 200 (40 %) in the second. The refined
research sorted out 46 papers regarding the use of berberine in diabetes, and 40 articles on the use
of the alkaloid compound in metabolic syndrome. For both topics, we found increasing interest
between 2008 and 2009, with citation trends in a constant crescendo in the overall period studied.
These findings underlined that berberine is a safe and interesting botanical compound, especially
against chronic-metabolic disorder that affects billions of people globally, and emphasized that
scientists are interested in searching for long-term therapies that show no major adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia-27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research
and Development Unit, Indena, Milan-20139, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Perna
- University of Bahrain, Department of Biology, College of Science,
Sakhir-32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”,
Pavia-27100 Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia,Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”,
University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Research
and Development Unit, Indena, Milan-20139, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia-27100, Italy
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16
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Tripathi V, Jaiswal P, Assaiya A, Kumar J, Parmar HS. Anti-Cancer Effects of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-D-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells: Mitochondrial Modulation may be an Underlying Mechanism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:245-256. [PMID: 35135451 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220207101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for Warburg-metabolism and defects in the mitochondria. AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activates the downstream transcription factors PGC-1α, PGC-1β, or FOXO1 which participate in mitochondrial biogenesis. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we attempt to understand the influence of AICAR on TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 and the underlying changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, if any. METHODS We investigated AICAR induced changes in cell viability, apoptosis, migratory potential, and changes in the sensitivity of doxorubicin. RESULTS In response to the treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with 750 µM of AICAR for 72 hours, followed by 48 hours in fresh media without AICAR, we observed a decrease in viability via MTT assay, reduction in cell numbers along with the apoptotic appearance, increased cell death by ELISA, decreased lactate in conditioned medium and decrease in migration by scratch and transwell migration assays. These changes in the cancer phenotype were accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, as observed by increased mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratio, a decrease in lactic acid concentration, increase in mitotracker green and red staining, and increased expression of transcription factors PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2, and TFAM that contribute in mitochondrial biogenesis. Pre-treatment of cells with AICAR for 72 hours followed by 48 hours treatment with 1 µM doxorubicin showed an increased sensitivity to doxorubicin as assessed by MTT assay. CONCLUSION Our results show that AICAR exerts beneficial effects on TNBC cells possibly via switching off the Warburg metabolism and switching on the anti-Warburg metabolism through mitochondrial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Anshul Assaiya
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
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17
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Boone-Villa D, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Aguilera-Méndez A, Jiménez-Villarreal J. The effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase on lipolysis in adipose tissue: an historical and comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:7-23. [PMID: 35143739 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1661495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipolysis is one of the most important pathways for energy management, its control in the adipose tissue (AT) is a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Adenosine Mono Phosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a key regulatory enzyme in lipids metabolism and a potential target for diabetes and obesity treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to analyse the existing information on the relationship of AMPK and lipolysis in the AT. METHODS A thorough search of bibliography was performed in the databases Scopus and Web of Knowledge using the terms lipolysis, adipose tissue, and AMPK, the unrelated publications were excluded, and the documents were analysed. RESULTS Sixty-three works were found and classified in 3 categories: inhibitory effects, stimulatory effect, and diverse relationships; remarkably, the newest researches support an upregulating relationship of AMPK over lipolysis. CONCLUSION The most probable reality is that the relationship AMPK-lipolysis depends on the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boone-Villa
- School of Medicine Northern Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, México
| | | | - Asdrúbal Aguilera-Méndez
- Institute of Biological Chemistry Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México
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18
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Singh SSB, Patil KN. Trans-ferulic acid attenuates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and modulates glucose metabolism by activating AMPK signaling pathway in vitro. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14038. [PMID: 34981525 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a potent metabolic regulator and an attractive target for antidiabetic activators. Here we report for the first that, trans-ferulic acid (TFA) is a potent dietary bioactive molecule of hydroxycinnamic acid derivative for the activation of AMPK with a maximum increase in phosphorylation (2.71/2.67 ± 0.10; p < .001 vs. high glucose [HG] control) in hyperglycemia-induced human liver cells (HepG2) and rat skeletal muscle cells (L6), where HG suppresses the AMPK pathway. It was also observed that TFA increased activation of AMPK in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also increased the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), suggesting that it may promotes fatty acid oxidation; however, pretreatment with compound C reversed the effect. In addition, TFA reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) induced by hyperglycemia and subsequently increased the level of glutathione. Interestingly, TFA also upregulated the glucose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT4, and inhibited c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK1/2) by decreasing the phosphorylation level in tested cells under HG condition. Our studies provide critical insights into the mechanism of action of TFA as a potential natural activator of AMPK under hyperglycemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives possess various pharmacological properties and are found to be one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites in almost all dietary sources. However, the tissue-specific role and its mechanism under hyperglycemic condition remain largely unknown. The present study showed that TFA is a potent activator of AMPK under HG condition and it could be used as a therapeutic agent against hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha S B Singh
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - K Neelakanteshwar Patil
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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19
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Abedimanesh N, Asghari S, Mohammadnejad K, Daneshvar Z, Rahmani S, Shokoohi S, Farzaneh AH, Hosseini SH, Jafari Anarkooli I, Noubarani M, Andalib S, Eskandari MR, Motlagh B. The anti-diabetic effects of betanin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulating AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:92. [PMID: 34656137 PMCID: PMC8520181 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few years, the effects of bioactive food components have received much attention because of their beneficial effects including decreasing inflammation, scavenging free radicals, and regulating cell signaling pathways. Betanin as a potent antioxidant has been previously reported to exhibit anti diabetic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of betanin on glycemic control, lipid profile, hepatic function tests, as well as the gene expression levels of 5′ adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‑κB) in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.
Methods Diabetes was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by intraperitoneal administration of STZ. Different doses of betanin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg.b.w) was administered to diabetic rats for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were measured. The histopathology of liver and pancreas tissue evaluated. Real-time PCR was performed to assess gene expression levels. Results Treatment of diabetic rats with betanin (10 and 20 mg/kg.b.w) reduced FBG levels compared to the control diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Betanin at the dose of 20 mg/kg.b.w was most effective in increasing serum insulin levels (P < 0.001) improving glucose tolerance test (GTT) as well as improvement in lipid profile and liver enzymes levels. According to histopathologic assay, different damages induced by STZ to liver and pancreas tissues was largely eliminated by treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg.b.w of betanin. Betanin also significantly upregulated the AMPK and SIRT1 and downregulated the NF-κB mRNA expression compared to the diabetic control rats (P < 0.05). Conclusion Betanin could modulate AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway and this may be one of its anti-diabetic molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Abedimanesh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Mohammadnejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Daneshvar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soudeh Rahmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shokoohi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Hasan Farzaneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Noubarani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sina Andalib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. .,Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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20
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Crataegus aronia prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK-induced suppression of SREBP1 and activation of PPARα. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13945. [PMID: 34585409 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined if the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) can prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by activating AMPK. Adult male Wistar rats were fed either a control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and treated either with vehicle (normal saline) or C. aronia extract (200 mg/kg/orally), daily. Also, hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of the extract in the presence or absence of compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor. C. aronia prevented the increase in serum and hepatic lipids, reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, and increased hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. It also downregulated the hepatic expression of SREBP1/2, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase but stimulated the activity of AMPK and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Similar effects were reported in the cultured cells, in a dose-dependent manner but were prevented by CC. In conclusion, C. aronia ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress by activating AMPK. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of the aqueous extract of Crataegus aronia has been extensively used during the last years in traditional medicine to treat chronic disorders including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings of this study support these findings and suggest that oral administration of C. aronia aqueous extract has potent hypoglycemic effect and demonstrate the mechanism of action mimics such drugs such as metformin and involves activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. These findings are very encouraging for further biochemical analysis and isolation of active ingredients responsible for these effects to be used in more clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Soliman AM, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P. Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5522-5542. [PMID: 34488579 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210901122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences-Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3. Canada
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C. 123, Al Khoud, Muscat. Oman
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy & Excellence center of Osteology Research and Training, Cadaveric Surgical and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200. Thailand
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22
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Sharma VK, Lahiri M. Interplay between p300 and HDAC1 regulate acetylation and stability of Api5 to regulate cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16427. [PMID: 34385547 PMCID: PMC8361156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Api5, is a known anti-apoptotic and nuclear protein that is responsible for inhibiting cell death in serum-starved conditions. The only known post-translational modification of Api5 is acetylation at lysine 251 (K251). K251 acetylation of Api5 is responsible for maintaining its stability while the de-acetylated form of Api5 is unstable. This study aimed to find out the enzymes regulating acetylation and deacetylation of Api5 and the effect of acetylation on its function. Our studies suggest that acetylation of Api5 at lysine 251 is mediated by p300 histone acetyltransferase while de-acetylation is carried out by HDAC1. Inhibition of acetylation by p300 leads to a reduction in Api5 levels while inhibition of deacetylation by HDAC1 results in increased levels of Api5. This dynamic switch between acetylation and deacetylation regulates the localisation of Api5 in the cell. This study also demonstrates that the regulation of acetylation and deacetylation of Api5 is an essential factor for the progression of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Mayurika Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
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23
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Jakobsen E, Andersen JV, Christensen SK, Siamka O, Larsen MR, Waagepetersen HS, Aldana BI, Bak LK. Pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial soluble adenylyl cyclase in astrocytes causes activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and induces breakdown of glycogen. Glia 2021; 69:2828-2844. [PMID: 34378239 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of astrocyte glycogen is key for processes such as synaptic plasticity and memory formation but the link between neuronal activity and glycogen breakdown is not fully known. Activation of cytosolic soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in astrocytes has been suggested to link neuronal depolarization and glycogen breakdown partly based on experiments employing pharmacological inhibition of sAC. However, several studies have revealed that sAC located within mitochondria is a central regulator of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, pharmacological sAC inhibition is likely to affect both cytosolic and mitochondrial sAC and if bioenergetic readouts are studied, the observed effects are likely to stem from inhibition of mitochondrial rather than cytosolic sAC. Here, we report that a pharmacologically induced inhibition of sAC activity lowers mitochondrial respiration, induces phosphorylation of the metabolic master switch AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreases glycogen stores in cultured primary murine astrocytes. From these data and our discussion of the literature, mitochondrial sAC emerges as a key regulator of astrocyte bioenergetics. Lastly, we discuss the challenges of investigating the functional and metabolic roles of cytosolic versus mitochondrial sAC in astrocytes employing the currently available pharmacological tool compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Siamka
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Sharma S, Singh S, Sharma N, Diaconu CC, Rahdar A, Hafeez A, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. A spotlight on underlying the mechanism of AMPK in diabetes complications. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:939-957. [PMID: 34319417 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the centenarian metabolic disorders and is considered as a stellar and leading health issue worldwide. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics, the number of diabetic patients will increase at an exponential rate from 463 to 700 million by the year 2045. Thus, there is a great need for therapies targeting functions that can help in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, by various direct and indirect factors, might help to overcome the hurdles (like insulin resistance) associated with the conventional approach. MATERIALS AND RESULTS A thorough review and analysis was conducted using various database including MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, with Google scholar using various keywords. This extensive review concluded that various drugs (plant-based, synthetic indirect/direct activators) are available, showing tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without causing insulin resistance, and improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, these drugs have an effect against diabetes and are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications (neuropathy and nephropathy) via mechanism involving inhibition of nuclear translocation of SMAD4 (SMAD family member) expression and association with peripheral nociceptive neurons mediated by AMPK. CONCLUSION From the available information, it may be concluded that various indirect/direct activators show tremendous potential in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, without resulting in insulin resistance, and may improve insulin sensitivity, as well. Therefore, in a nut shell, it may be concluded that the regulation of APMK functions by various direct/indirect activators may bring promising results. These activators may emerge as a novel therapy in diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanchay Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department 5, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India.,Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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25
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Yan Y, Mukherjee S, Harikumar KG, Strutzenberg TS, Zhou XE, Suino-Powell K, Xu TH, Sheldon RD, Lamp J, Brunzelle JS, Radziwon K, Ellis A, Novick SJ, Vega IE, Jones RG, Miller LJ, Xu HE, Griffin PR, Kossiakoff AA, Melcher K. Structure of an AMPK complex in an inactive, ATP-bound state. Science 2021; 373:413-419. [PMID: 34437114 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates metabolism in response to the cellular energy states. Under energy stress, AMP stabilizes the active AMPK conformation, in which the kinase activation loop (AL) is protected from protein phosphatases, thus keeping the AL in its active, phosphorylated state. At low AMP:ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ratios, ATP inhibits AMPK by increasing AL dynamics and accessibility. We developed conformation-specific antibodies to trap ATP-bound AMPK in a fully inactive, dynamic state and determined its structure at 3.5-angstrom resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. A 180° rotation and 100-angstrom displacement of the kinase domain fully exposes the AL. On the basis of the structure and supporting biophysical data, we propose a multistep mechanism explaining how adenine nucleotides and pharmacological agonists modulate AMPK activity by altering AL phosphorylation and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kaleeckal G Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Timothy S Strutzenberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Kelly Suino-Powell
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jared Lamp
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids Research Center, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Katarzyna Radziwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abigail Ellis
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Scott J Novick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Irving E Vega
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids Research Center, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Metabolic and Nutritional Programming, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Anthony A Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Institute of Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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26
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Zhao Q, Song P, Zou MH. AMPK and Pulmonary Hypertension: Crossroads Between Vasoconstriction and Vascular Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691585. [PMID: 34169079 PMCID: PMC8217619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease characterized by increased blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of metabolic and redox signaling pathways. It has key roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The role of AMPK in PH is controversial because both inhibition and activation of AMPK are preventive against PH development. Some clinical studies found that metformin, the first-line antidiabetic drug and the canonical AMPK activator, has therapeutic efficacy during treatment of early-stage PH. Other study findings suggest the use of metformin is preferentially beneficial for treatment of PH associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF). In this review, we discuss the "AMPK paradox" and highlight the differential effects of AMPK on pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. We also review the effects of AMPK activators and inhibitors on rescue of preexisting PH in animals and include a discussion of gender differences in the response to metformin in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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27
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Lin Y, Ji H, Cao X, Cen Y, Chen Y, Ji S, Zheng S. Knockdown of AMP-activated protein kinase increases the insecticidal efficiency of pymetrozine to Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104856. [PMID: 33993974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are the main tools used to control Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a serious pest of rice in Asia. However, repeated application of insecticides has caused many negative effects. Reducing the amount of insecticide used, while maintaining good pest population control, would be valuable. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular energy status, helps to maintain insect energy balance at the cellular and whole-body level. The role of AMPK in insect response to insecticide stimulation is unknown. We studied the functions of AMPK catalytic subunit alpha (NlAMPKα) in the development of N. lugens and in response to pymetrozine, an insecticide used to control insect pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts. A phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences from 12 species in six orders showed that insects have only the AMPKα 2 subtype. RNA interference against NlAMPKα demonstrated that blocking the AMPK pathway led to a decrease in the systemic ATP level and an increase in N. lugens mortality. NlAMPKα responded to the energy stress caused by pymetrozine treatment, which activated downstream energy metabolic pathways to compensate for the energy imbalance. However, the ATP level in pymetrozine- treated nymphs was not increased, suggesting that ATP is consumed more than synthesized. When NlAMPKα expression was reduced in pymetrozine-treated nymphs by RNAi, the ATP level was decreased and the mortality was significantly increased. At day eight post 0.5 g/3 L of pymetrozine and dsNlAMPKα treatment, nymph survival was 29.33%, which was similar to the 27.33% survival of 1 g/3 L pymetrozine-treated nymphs. Addition of dsNlAMPKα can reduce the concentration of pymetrozine used by 50% while providing comparable efficacy. These results indicate that AMPK helps maintain the energy metabolism of N. lugens in response to pymetrozine treatment. Knockdown of NlAMPKα increases the insecticidal efficiency of pymetrozine to N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Huijun Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yongjie Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuangshun Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Applied Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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28
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Therapeutic potential of AMPK signaling targeting in lung cancer: Advances, challenges and future prospects. Life Sci 2021; 278:119649. [PMID: 34043989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of death worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. A wide variety of risk factors are considered for LC development such as smoking, air pollution and family history. It appears that genetic and epigenetic factors are also potential players in LC development and progression. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a signaling pathway with vital function in inducing energy balance and homeostasis. An increase in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratio leads to activation of AMPK signaling by upstream mediators such as LKB1 and CamKK. Dysregulation of AMPK signaling is a common finding in different cancers, particularly LC. AMPK activation can significantly enhance LC metastasis via EMT induction. Upstream mediators such as PLAG1, IMPAD1, and TUFM can regulate AMPK-mediated metastasis. AMPK activation can promote proliferation and survival of LC cells via glycolysis induction. In suppressing LC progression, anti-tumor compounds including metformin, ginsenosides, casticin and duloxetine dually induce/inhibit AMPK signaling. This is due to double-edged sword role of AMPK signaling in LC cells. Furthermore, AMPK signaling can regulate response of LC cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that are discussed in the current review.
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29
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Brown JL, Lawrence MM, Borowik A, Oliver L, Peelor FF, Van Remmen H, Miller BF. Tumor burden negatively impacts protein turnover as a proteostatic process in noncancerous liver, heart, and muscle, but not brain. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:72-82. [PMID: 34013745 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors are more susceptible to pathologies such as hypertension, liver disease, depression, and coronary artery disease when compared with individuals who have never been diagnosed with cancer. Therefore, it is important to understand how tumor burden negatively impacts nontumor-bearing tissues that may impact future disease susceptibility. We hypothesized that the energetic costs of a tumor would compromise proteostatic maintenance in other tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if tumor burden changes protein synthesis and proliferation rates in heart, brain, and liver. One million Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, sham) were injected into the hind flank of female mice at ∼4.5 mo of age, and the tumor developed for 3 wk. Rates of proliferation and protein synthesis were measured in heart, brain, liver, and tumor tissue. Compared with sham, rates of protein synthesis (structural/nuclear, cytosolic, mitochondrial, and collagen) relative to proliferation were lower in the heart and liver of LLC mice, but higher in the brain of LLC mice. In the tumor tissue, the ratio of protein synthesis to DNA synthesis was approximately 1.0 showing that protein synthesis in the tumor was used for proliferation with little proteostatic maintenance. We further provide evidence that the differences in tissue responses may be due to energetic stress. We concluded that the decrease in proteostatic maintenance in liver, heart, and muscle might contribute to the increased risk of disease in cancer survivors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present data showing that simultaneously measuring protein synthesis and cell proliferation can help in the understanding of protein turnover as a proteostatic process in response to tumor burden. In some tissues, like hepatic, cardiac, and skeletal muscle, there was a decrease in the protein to DNA synthesis ratio indicating less proteostatic maintenance. In contrast, the brain maintained or even increased this protein to DNA synthesis ratio indicating more proteostatic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Brown
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah
| | - Agnieszka Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lauren Oliver
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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30
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Prenylflavonoids from fruit of Macaranga tanarius promote glucose uptake via AMPK activation in L6 myotubes. J Nat Med 2021; 75:813-823. [PMID: 34014467 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major tissue of glucose consumption and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Prenylflavonoids, a component of Macaranga tanarius fruits, have been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. However, the effects of these compounds on skeletal muscle glucose metabolism are unclear. Here, we isolated five prenylflavonoids from M. tanarius fruits, and investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds on skeletal muscle cells using L6 myotubes. We found that isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin increased glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin increased AMPK phosphorylation but did not affect PI3K-Akt phosphorylation. Isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin also increased Glut1 mRNA expression and plasma membrane GLUT1 protein levels. These results suggest that isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism through AMPK and GLUT1 pathway. Isonymphaeol B and 3'-geranyl naringenin may be potential lead candidates for antidiabetic drug development.
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31
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Chen CY, Su CW, Li X, Liu Y, Pan Q, Cao T, Kang JX. Lipid Extract From a Vegetable ( Sonchus Oleraceus) Attenuates Adipogenesis and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Associated With AMPK Activation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:624283. [PMID: 33889593 PMCID: PMC8055827 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.624283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope:Sonchus Oleraceus, named bitter vegetable (BV), has been known to have multiple health benefits such as anti-aging and anti-inflammation. However, the role of BV in the prevention of obesity is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BV lipid extracts (BVL) on obesity development. Methods and Results: Following treatments of high fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6J) with BVL (0.3 mg/g of BW per mouse) for a month, mice exhibited a significant reduction in weight gain, blood triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose compared to control mice. Intriguingly, phosphorylated AMPK, a key regulator of nutrient metabolism, was markedly increased in inguinal fat of BVL group. In 3T3-L1 cells, BVL-7 (100 μg/ml), an omega-3 fatty acid-rich fraction from BVL, lowered lipid accumulation, and down-regulated the gene expression of adipocyte markers. The inhibitory effect of BVL occurred at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, leading to the delay of mitotic clonal expansion. AMPK knockdown by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of BVL-7 on adipogenesis, suggesting that AMPK is essential for BVL-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion: BVL can effectively inhibit adipogenesis through, at least in part, stimulating AMPK pathway and attenuate HFD-induced obesity. Our findings suggest that BVL can be a promising dietary supplement for protection against obesity, and the effective component of BVL can be potentially developed as anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Qian Pan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Tinglan Cao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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32
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Interactions between dietary carbohydrate and thiamine: implications on the growth performance and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobrama amblycephala. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:321-334. [PMID: 33749571 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of thiamine ongrowth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobramaamblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (24·73 (sem 0·45) g) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: two carbohydrate (CHO) levels (30 and 45 %) and two thiamine levels (0 and 1·5 mg/kg). HC diets significantly decreased DGC, GRMBW, FIMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, lipase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I, III and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK: T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, mitochondrial transcription factor A, Opa-1, ND-1 and COX-1 and 2, while the opposite was true for ATP, AMP and reactive oxygen species, and the transcriptions of dynamin-related protein-1, fission-1 and mitochondrial fission factor. Dietarythiamine concentrations significantly increased DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, ND-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Furthermore, a significant interaction between dietary CHO and thiamine was observed in DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, CK, complexes I and IV, ΔΨm, the AMP:ATP ratio, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Overall, thiamine supplementation improved growth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed HC diets.
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33
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AMPK Is the Crucial Target for the CDK4/6 Inhibitors Mediated Therapeutic Responses in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is short, and PDAC is a cancer type that ranks fourth in the statistics regarding death due to cancer. Mutation in the KRAS gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer development, activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The activity of the AMPK as a cellular energy sensor is one of the fundamental mechanisms that can induce effective therapeutic responses against CDK4/6 inhibitors via adjusting the cellular and tumor microenvironment stress management. The phosphorylation of AMPKα at the different phosphorylation residues such as Thr172 and Ser 377 causes metabolic differentiation in the cells following CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in accordance with an increased cell cycle arrest and senescence under the control of different cellular players. In this study, we examined the competencies of the CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 on the mechanism of cell survival and death based on AMPK signaling. Both CDK4/6 inhibitors LY2835219 and PD-0332991 modulated different molecular players on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling axis in different ways to reduce cell survival in a cell type dependent manner. These drugs are potential inducers of apoptosis and senescence that can alter the therapeutic efficacy cells.
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34
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Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Maleki V, Shadnoush M, Taheri E, Alizadeh M. A comprehensive insight into potential roles of Nigella sativa on diseases by targeting AMP-activated protein kinase: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:779-787. [PMID: 33140312 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nigella sativa (NS) is a known medicinal herb with numerous therapeutic effects such as antidiabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. It has been indicated that NS can regulate cellular metabolism by adjusting transduction signaling pathways. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is one of the main physiological processes, such as energy hemostasis, cellular metabolism, and autophagy regulators. Herb-derived medicines have always been considered as one of the main AMPK activators, and surprisingly recent data has demonstrated that it can be a target for NS and its derivatives. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar electronic resources. Published articles up to September 2020 were considered, and those of which investigated Nigella sativa effects on the AMPK pathway after meeting the inclusion criteria were included. RESULTS The search was performed on several online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar from inception until January 2020. Among the initial search, 245 studies were found. After removing duplicated data and meeting the inclusion criteria, only 14 studies were selected. They included the effects of NS and its bioactive compounds as anti-hyperglycemic (n = 5), on liver function (n = 4), cancers (n = 3), and on Neuroinflammation and Atherosclerosis (n = 2). Most of the included studies are animals or in-vitro investigations. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the molecular mechanism of NS effecting the AMPK signaling pathway. We also focus on the therapeutic effects of NS, including the prevention and treatment of metabolic and pro-inflammatory disease by targeting the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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35
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Kopietz F, Rupar K, Berggreen C, Säll J, Vertommen D, Degerman E, Rider MH, Göransson O. Inhibition of AMPK activity in response to insulin in adipocytes: involvement of AMPK pS485, PDEs, and cellular energy levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E459-E471. [PMID: 32663099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes has been shown to be associated with decreased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in adipose tissue. It is known that insulin can acutely stimulate FA synthesis in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The rate-limiting step in FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), known to be regulated through inhibitory phosphorylation at S79 by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Previous results from our laboratory showed an inhibition of AMPK activity by insulin, which was accompanied by PKB-dependent phosphorylation of AMPK at S485. However, whether the S485 phosphorylation is required for insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK or other mechanisms underlie the reduced kinase activity is not known. To investigate this, primary rat adipocytes were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding AMPK-WT or a nonphosphorylatable AMPK S485A mutant. AMPK activity measurements by Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that WT and S485A AMPK were inhibited to a similar degree by insulin, indicating that AMPK S485 phosphorylation is not required for insulin-induced AMPK inhibition. Further analysis suggested an involvement of decreased AMP-to-ATP ratios in the insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK activity, whereas a possible contribution of phosphodiesterases was excluded. Furthermore, we show that insulin-induced AMPK S485 phosphorylation also occurs in human adipocytes, suggesting it to be of an importance yet to be revealed. Altogether, this study increases our understanding of how insulin regulates AMPK activity, and with that, FA synthesis, in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaja Rupar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Johanna Säll
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
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36
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Two isoprenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia psilurus activate AMPK, stimulate glucose uptake, inhibit glucose production and lower glycemia. Biochem J 2020; 476:3687-3704. [PMID: 31782497 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Root extracts of a Cameroon medicinal plant, Dorstenia psilurus, were purified by screening for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in incubated mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Two isoprenylated flavones that activated AMPK were isolated. Compound 1 was identified as artelasticin by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 2D-NMR while its structural isomer, compound 2, was isolated for the first time and differed only by the position of one double bond on one isoprenyl substituent. Treatment of MEFs with purified compound 1 or compound 2 led to rapid and robust AMPK activation at low micromolar concentrations and increased the intracellular AMP:ATP ratio. In oxygen consumption experiments on isolated rat liver mitochondria, compound 1 and compound 2 inhibited complex II of the electron transport chain and in freeze-thawed mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited. In incubated rat skeletal muscles, both compounds activated AMPK and stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these effects were lost in muscles pre-incubated with AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965, suggesting AMPK dependency. Incubation of mouse hepatocytes with compound 1 or compound 2 led to AMPK activation, but glucose production was decreased in hepatocytes from both wild-type and AMPKβ1-/- mice, suggesting that this effect was not AMPK-dependent. However, when administered intraperitoneally to high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice, compound 1 and compound 2 had blood glucose-lowering effects. In addition, compound 1 and compound 2 reduced the viability of several human cancer cells in culture. The flavonoids we have identified could be a starting point for the development of new drugs to treat type 2 diabetes.
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37
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Therapeutic aspects of AMPK in breast cancer: Progress, challenges, and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188379. [PMID: 32439311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most ubiquitous type of neoplasms among women worldwide. Molecular aberrations associated with breast development and progressions have been extensively investigated in recent years. An AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) initially identified as a cellular energy sensor that plays a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis. Intensive research over the last decade about the molecular mechanisms of AMPK has demonstrated that AMPK mediated diverse biological functions are achieved through phosphorylation and regulation of multiple downstream signaling molecules in normal tissue. Downregulation of AMPK activity or decreased level involved in the promotion of breast tumorigenesis, and thus activation of AMPK found to oppose tumor progression. In this review, we epitomize the recent advances in exploring the tumor suppressor function of AMPK pathways. Besides, we discuss the developments in the area of AMPK activator and its molecular mechanisms for breast cancer treatment.
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38
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Cao L, Niu Y. Triple negative breast cancer: special histological types and emerging therapeutic methods. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:293-306. [PMID: 32587770 PMCID: PMC7309458 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and malignant breast cancer subtype that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), thereby making therapeutic targeting difficult. TNBC is generally considered to have high malignancy and poor prognosis. However, patients diagnosed with certain rare histomorphologic subtypes of TNBC have better prognosis than those diagnosed with typical triple negative breast cancer. In addition, with the discovery and development of novel treatment targets such as the androgen receptor (AR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as emerging immunotherapies, the therapeutic options for TNBC are increasing. In this paper, we review the literature on various histological types of TNBC and focus on newly developed therapeutic strategies that target and potentially affect molecular pathways or emerging oncogenes, thus providing a basis for future tailored therapies focused on the mutational aspects of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yun Niu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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39
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Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Molecular Mechanisms of Adipogenesis: The Anti-adipogenic Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32457917 PMCID: PMC7226927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a widespread disorder, and its prevalence has become a critical concern worldwide, due to its association with common co-morbidities like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and therefore plays a critical role in the survival of an individual, but its dysfunction or excess is directly linked to obesity. The journey from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to the formation of mature adipocytes is a well-orchestrated program which requires the expression of several genes, their transcriptional factors, and signaling intermediates from numerous pathways. Understanding all the intricacies of adipogenesis is vital if we are to counter the current epidemic of obesity because the limited understanding of these intricacies is the main barrier to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against obesity. In particular, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis – it is arguably the central cellular energy regulation protein of the body. Since AMPK promotes the development of brown adipose tissue over that of white adipose tissue, special attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue development in recent years. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, the role of signaling pathways and the substantial role of activated AMPK in the inhibition of adiposity, concluding with observations which will support the development of novel chemotherapies against obesity epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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40
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Li Y, Liang R, Sun M, Li Z, Sheng H, Wang J, Xu P, Liu S, Yang W, Lu B, Zhang S, Shan C. AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of HDAC8 triggers PGM1 expression to promote lung cancer cell survival under glucose starvation. Cancer Lett 2020; 478:82-92. [PMID: 32171858 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to sustain their own survival under an environment of increased energy demand; however, the mechanism by which cancer cells ensure survival under glucose deprivation stressed conditions remains elusive. Here, we show that deprivation of glucose, dramatically activated the glycogen pathway, accompanied by elevated phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) expression. We further identified that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulated PGM1 expression by inducing histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) phosphorylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that glucose deprivation-induced AMPK activation stimulated the translocation of HDAC8 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, consequently disrupting the binding between HDAC8 and histone 3. PGM1 expression was also found to be critical for lung cancer glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation under glucose deprivation conditions, and further led to the aberrant expression of metabolic enzymes involved in glucose metabolism mediated by ERK1/2. Finally, PGM1 was found to be highly expressed in lung cancer tissues from patients, which correlated with a poor prognosis. Taken together, these results revealed that AMPK activation by glucose deprivation leads to enhanced PGM1 expression, an essential component of the metabolic switch, to facilitate cancer progression, suggesting PGM1 as promising anti-cancer treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Pengjuan Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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41
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Du G, Song J, Du L, Zhang L, Qiang G, Wang S, Yang X, Fang L. Chemical and pharmacological research on the polyphenol acids isolated from Danshen: A review of salvianolic acids. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:1-41. [PMID: 32089230 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, is a common medicinal herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used for the treatment of a number of diseases for thousands of years. More than 2000 years ago, the Chinese early pharmacy monograph "Shennong Materia Medica" recorded that Danshen could be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, certain gynecological diseases, etc. Since then, Danshen has been widely used clinically in many different prescriptions for many different diseases, especially for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, many pharmacological studies about the water-soluble components from Danshen have been reported, especially salvianolic acids. It turned out that salvianolic acids showed strong anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-thrombic activities, and among them, SalAA and SalAB were the most potent. This review focused on the achievements in research of salvianolic acids regarding their bioactivities and pharmacological effects. These studies not only shed light on the water-soluble active components of Danshen and their mechanisms at the molecular level, but also provided theoretical information for the development of new medicines from Danshen for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Junke Song
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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42
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Samimi Z, Kardideh B, Zafari P, Bahrehmand F, Roghani SA, Taghadosi M. The impaired gene expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK), a key metabolic enzyme in leukocytes of newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6353-6360. [PMID: 31541390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The disturbed immune homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of an array of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with a pivotal role in immunometabolism process, also plays a regulatory function in the immune system. This study aims to evaluate the alteration of AMPK gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of RA patients and its effects on disease severity as well as plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. 60 RA patients, including 30 newly diagnosed and 30 patients whose disease were under controlled with the combinational disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD), as well as 30 healthy subjects, were enrolled in our study. The gene expression of AMPK was evaluated using real-time PCR method. The plasma concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured using sandwich ELISA. The gene expression of AMPK was significantly lower in the newly diagnosed RA patients in comparison with the control group (P = 0.049). Inversely, in RA patients who received DMARD therapy, the gene expression of AMPK was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.003). There was no significant correlation between AMPK gene expression and plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. The plasma levels of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in both newly diagnosed and under-treatment patients compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). The impaired gene expression of AMPK in peripheral blood leukocytes and elevated levels of plasma TGF-β1 can be contributed in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kardideh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Askar Roghani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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43
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Grey JFE, Townley AR, Everitt NM, Campbell-Ritchie A, Wheatley SP. A cost-effective, analytical method for measuring metabolic load of mitochondria. Metabol Open 2019; 4:100020. [PMID: 32812945 PMCID: PMC7424777 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of cellular energetics is central to understanding metabolic diseases including diabetes and cancer. The two most commonly used methods to monitor cellular respiration are the Seahorse-XF system, and Glo™ assays, which are considered "gold standards". These commercial methods measure energetics indirectly and require considerable financial investment. Here we describe an alternative assay that enables accurate quantification of NADH turnover and that is affordable. This method measures resazurin reduction to resorufin at rising concentrations in the presence of purified mitochondrial extracts until NADH becomes a rate-limiting factor. This indicates the maximal level of NADH turnover in each sample and therefore infers metabolic activity. Here we compare MRC5, MCF7 and MDA231 cell lines which have differing metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F E Grey
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Developmental Biology and Cancer Teaching & Research Department, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Amelia R Townley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nicola M Everitt
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Sally P Wheatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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44
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Wen X, Klionsky DJ. At a glance: A history of autophagy and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:3-11. [PMID: 31707087 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of the lysosome and the definition of autophagy by Christian de Duve more than 60 years ago, research on autophagy, a process targeting cytoplasmic materials for lysosomal degradation and recycling, has expanded dramatically. This research has extended our understanding of the basic mechanism of autophagy as well as its role in pathophysiology. Autophagy deficiency has been reported to be involved in numerous diseases, among which cancer has been extensively studied, in part because autophagy appears to play a dual role, depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, we will briefly revisit the intriguing history of autophagy and cancer, underscoring the importance of harnessing this pathway for the benefit of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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45
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Lee HS, Lim SM, Jung JI, Kim SM, Lee JK, Kim YH, Cha KM, Oh TK, Moon JM, Kim TY, Kim EJ. Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102475. [PMID: 31618980 PMCID: PMC6835433 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used in Asia as a herbal medicine to treat type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) enriched in gypenoside L, gypenoside LI, and ginsenoside Rg3 and obtained using a novel extraction method. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day GPE (GPE 100), HFD + 300 mg/kg BW/day GPE (GPE 300), or HFD + 30 mg/kg BW/day Orlistat (Orlistat 30) for 8 weeks. The HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, fat mass, white adipose tissue, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to the CD group; but GPE inhibited those increases. GPE reduced serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, without affecting HDL-cholesterol. GPE significantly increased AMPK activation and suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), PPARγ coactivator-1α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein 2 (AP2), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and by increasing that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). This study demonstrated the ameliorative effect of GPE on obesity and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea.
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Jae In Jung
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - So Mi Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Kyu Min Cha
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Tae Kyu Oh
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Joo Myung Moon
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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46
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Zhang L, Ho CT, Zhou J, Santos JS, Armstrong L, Granato D. Chemistry and Biological Activities of Processed Camellia sinensis Teas: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1474-1495. [PMID: 33336903 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tea is a typical processed beverage from the fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] or Camellia assamica [Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Mast.) Kitamura] through different manufacturing techniques. The secondary metabolites of fresh tea leaves are mainly flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, purine alkaloids, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, saponins, flavonols, and their glycoside forms. During the processing, tea leaves go through several steps, such as withering, rolling, fermentation, postfermentation, and roasting (drying) to produce different types of tea. After processing, theaflavins, thearubigins, and flavan-3-ols derivatives emerge as the newly formed compounds with a corresponding decrease in concentrations of catechins. Each type of tea has its own critical process and presents unique chemical composition and flavor. The components among different teas also cause significant changes in their biological activities both in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, the progress of tea chemistry and the effects of individual unit operation on components were comprehensively described. The health benefits of tea were also reviewed based on the human epidemiological and clinical studies. Although there have been multiple studies about the tea chemistry and biological activities, most of existing results are related to tea polyphenols, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Other compounds, including the novel compounds, as well as isomers of amino acids and catechins, have not been explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 230036, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Dept. of Food Science, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, 08901-8554, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 230036, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- Graduation Program in Chemistry, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.,Innovative Food System Unit, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (LUKE), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
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Fan L, Xu H, Yang R, Zang Y, Chen J, Qin H. Combination of Capsaicin and Capsiate Induces Browning in 3T3-L1 White Adipocytes via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ/β 3-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6232-6240. [PMID: 31075194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of a combination of capsaicin and capsiate on promoting lipid metabolism and inducing browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. The combination significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in adipocytes ( p = 0.019) and robustly improved lipid metabolic profiles, including decreased triacylglycerol (0.6703 ± 0.0385 versus 0.2849 ± 0.0188 mmol/g of protein; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (0.1282 ± 0.0241 versus 0.0651 ± 0.0178 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0021 ± 0.0017 versus 0.0005 ± 0.0002 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.024) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.0162 ± 0.0141 versus 0.1002 ± 0.0167 mmol/g of protein; p = 0.012). Furthermore, this combination markedly upgraded the protein levels of cluster of differentiation 36 ( p = 0.007) and adipose triglyceride lipase ( p = 0.013) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase at Ser660, Ser565, and Ser563 ( p < 0.001, p = 0.027, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating increases of fatty acid transport and lipolysis. The levels of lipid metabolism regulators, phosphorylation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinases α and β ( p = 0.011, and p < 0.001, respectively), sirtuin 1 ( p = 0.004), and vanilloid transient receptor subtype I ( p = 0.014) were also increased by the combination. Moreover, the combination greatly activated the browning program in adipocytes, as demonstrated by increases in beige-specific gene and protein. Further research found that the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; p = 0.001) and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR; p = 0.026) were elevated by the combination, and most of the beige-specific markers were abolished by pretreatment of antagonists of PPARγ or β3-AR. In conclusion, these results indicated that a combination of capsaicin and capsiate could induce browning in white adipocytes via activation of the PPARγ/β3-AR signaling pathway, and this combination might be worth investigating as a potential cure for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Yang
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Zang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health , Central South University , 110 Xiangya Road , Changsha , Hunan 410078 , People's Republic of China
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The Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Potential Target of Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050647. [PMID: 31083406 PMCID: PMC6562911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer worldwide with a very high recurrence rate and very dismal prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment in HCC remain difficult, and the identification of new therapeutic targets is necessary for a better outcome of HCC treatment. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is an essential intracellular energy sensor that plays multiple roles in cellular physiology and the pathological development of chronic diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the important regulation of AMPK in HCC. This review aims to comprehensively and critically summarize the role of AMPK in HCC. Methods: Original studies were retrieved from NCBI database with keywords including AMPK and HCC, which were analyzed with extensive reading. Results: Dysregulation of the kinase activity and expression of AMPK was observed in HCC, which was correlated with survival of the patients. Loss of AMPK in HCC cells may proceed cell cycle progression, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through different oncogenic molecules and pathways. Conclusions: We identified several AMPK activators which may possess potential anti-HCC function, and discussed the clinical perspective on the use of AMPK activators for HCC therapy.
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Wang JC, Chen SY, Wang M, Ko JL, Wu CL, Chen CC, Lin HW, Chang YY. Nickel-induced VEGF expression via regulation of Akt, ERK1/2, NFκB, and AMPK pathways in H460 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:652-658. [PMID: 30724446 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies have indicated that a highly nickel-polluted environment may severely affect human health, resulting in such conditions as respiratory tract cancers. Such exposure can trigger vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. However, the signal transduction pathways leading to VEGF induction by nickel compounds are not well understood. This study revealed the occurrence of VEGF induction in human non-small-cell lung cancer H460 cells exposed to NiCl2 . Moreover, exposing H460 cells to NiCl2 activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and protein kinase B (Akt) as well as downregulated AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ERK inhibitor significantly blocked NiCl2 -induced ERK activation and VEGF production. Pretreating H460 cells with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor substantially inhibited NiCl2 -induced VEGF expression and reduced Akt, ERK, and NFκB phosphorylation. Furthermore, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside-induced AMPK activation improved VEGF expression in NiCl2 -treated H460 cells significantly. These results indicate that NiCl2 induces VEGF production through Akt, ERK, NFκB activation and AMPK suppression and mediates various types of pathophysiological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Chung Shan Medical University; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Wu
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, and Chung Shan Medical University; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Huang Z, Xia L, Zhou X, Wei C, Mo Q. ALOX12 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy via AMPK activation and inhibition of lipid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:24-30. [PMID: 31014671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonate lipoxygenase12 (Alox12) and its metabolites 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) have been implicated in influencing tumor transformation and progression. In this study, we have systematically evaluated the expression, function and the downstream effectors of Alox12 in breast cancer using loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We demonstrated that both mRNA and protein levels of Alox12 were significantly increased in multiple breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast cells. The upregulation of Alox12 expression was also observed in breast cancer tissues and their matched normal breast tissues obtained from patients. Functionally, we demonstrated that Alox12 overexpression was sufficient to stimulate growth in normal breast cells but not breast cancer cells. This also protects breast cancer cell from chemotherapy-induced growth arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, Alox12 depletion inhibited breast cancer growth and survival, and significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic agents' efficacy. Mechanism studies showed that Alox12 depletion activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to the inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1) enzyme activity and lipid synthesis. The recuse of the effects of Alox12 depletion using Alox12 metabolites 12S-HETE further confirmed that AMPK and its subsequent inhibition of ACC1 activity and lipid synthesis were the downstream signaling of Alox12 inhibition. Our findings highlighted the important role of Alox12 in breast cancer, particularly in response to chemotherapy. Our work also demonstrate that inhibiting Alox12 is a possible alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longjie Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changyuan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qinguo Mo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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