1
|
Sutta A, Leemans NN, Ploug M, Rosbjerg A, Del Agua Villa C, Pérez-Alós L, Cyranka L, Vincek AS, de Garay T, Rivera K, Bayarri-Olmos R. CL-11 circulates in serum as functionally distinct isoforms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23543. [PMID: 38466278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301765r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Collectin-11 (CL-11) is a pattern recognition molecule of the lectin pathway capable of interacting with collectin-10 (CL-10) and the MASPs to activate the complement cascade. Alternative splicing of the COLEC11 gene gives rise to two different isoforms found in serum (A and D). These isoforms vary in the length of their collagen-like region, which is involved in the stabilization of the trimeric subunit and the interaction with the MASPs. Here we aim at elucidating the biological differences of naturally occurring CL-11 isoforms A and D. We produced recombinant CL-11 as independent isoforms (CL-11A and CL-11D) and together with CL-10 (CL-10/11A, CL-10/11D). Both CL-11 isoforms associated with CL-10, but CL-11D did so to a lesser extent. CL-10/11 heterocomplexes were composed of trimeric subunits of CL-10 and CL-11, as opposed to CL-10 and CL-11 homotrimers. Heterocomplexes were more stable and migrated with higher apparent molecular weights. Immunoprecipitation of serum CL-11 and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that native CL-11 circulates in the form of CL-10/11 heterocomplexes that associate with MASP-1, and MASP-3, but not necessarily MASP-2. Despite a shorter collagen region, CL-11D was capable to bind to the MASPs, suggesting that the missing exon 4 is not required for MASP association CL-11D had a reduced ligand binding compared to full-length CL-11A. Based on its reduced ability to oligomerize, form CL-10/11 heterocomplexes, and bind to ligands, we hypothesize that CL-11D may have a limited complement activation potential compared to full-length CL-11A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sutta
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nelia Nina Leemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Del Agua Villa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon Cyranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam S Vincek
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Keith Rivera
- Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital: Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kietsiriroje N, Scott GE, Ajjan RA, Brôz J, Schroeder V, Campbell MD. Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases are increased in type 1 diabetes patients with insulin resistance. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:58-64. [PMID: 37832142 PMCID: PMC10776244 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system, as demonstrated by elevated levels of mannan-binding lectin proteins (MBL), contributes to vascular pathology in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Vascular complications are greatest in T1D individuals with concomitant insulin resistance (IR), however, whether IR amplifies activiation of the lectin pathway in T1D is unknown. We pooled pretreatment data from two RCTs and performed a cross-sectional analysis on 46 T1D individuals. We employed estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a validated IR surrogate with cut-points of: <5.1, 5.1-8.7, and > 8.7 mg/kg/min to determine IR status, with lower eGDR values conferring higher degrees of IR. Plasma levels of MBL-associated proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3) and their regulatory protein MAp44 were compared among eGDR classifications. In a subset of 14 individuals, we assessed change in MASPs and MAp44 following improvement in IR. We found that MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp44 levels increased in a stepwise fashion across eGDR thresholds with elevated MASPs and MAp44 levels conferring greater degrees of IR. In a subset of 14 patients, improvement in IR was associated with significant reductions in MASPs, but not MAp44, levels. In conclusion, IR in T1D amplifies levels of MASP-1/2/3 and their regulator MAp44, and improvement of IR normalizes MASP-1/2/3 levels. Given that elevated levels of these proteins contribute to vascular pathology, amplification of the lectin pathway of the complement system may offer mechanistic insight into the relationship between IR and vascular complications in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Georgia E Scott
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jan Brôz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Verena Schroeder
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almeida ASDE, Mendonça DNM, Carneiro RF, Pinheiro U, Nascimento EFDO, Andrade AL, Vasconcelos MADE, Teixeira EH, Nagano CS, Sampaio AH. Purification, biochemical characterization of a lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina and its effect on the inhibition of bacterial biofilms. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220619. [PMID: 38088730 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina, denominated IsL, was isolated by combination of affinity chromatography in Guar gum matrix followed by size exclusion chromatography. IsL was able to agglutinate native and enzymatically treated rabbit erythrocytes, being inhibited by galactosides, such as α-methyl-D-galactopyranoside, β-methyl-D-galactopyranoside and α-lactose. IsL hemagglutinating activity was stable at neutral to alkaline pH, however the lectin loses its activity at 40° C. The molecular mass determinated by mass spectrometry was 13.655 ± 5 Da. Approximately 40% of the primary structure of IsL was determined by mass spectrometry, but no similarity was observed with any protein. The secondary structure of IsL consists of 28% α-helix, 26% β-sheet, and 46% random region, as determined by dichroism circular. IsL was a calcium-dependent lectin, but no significant variations were observed by circular dichroism when IsL was incubated in presence of calcium and EDTA. IsL was not toxic against Artemia nauplii and did not have antimicrobial activity against bacterial cells. However, the IsL was able to significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S DE Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências Marinhas - Labomar, Av. da Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Dayara N M Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rômulo F Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Elielton Francisco DO Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Alexandre L Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas - LIBS, Av. Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayron A DE Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas - LIBS, Av. Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade de Divinópolis, Av. Paraná, 3001, 35501-170 Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Edson H Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas - LIBS, Av. Monsenhor Furtado, s/n, 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Celso S Nagano
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Marinha - BioMar-Lab, Av. Humberto Monte, s/n, Campus do Pici, bloco 871, 60440-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dudler T, Yaseen S, Cummings WJ. Development and characterization of narsoplimab, a selective MASP-2 inhibitor, for the treatment of lectin-pathway-mediated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297352. [PMID: 38022610 PMCID: PMC10663225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Overactivation of the lectin pathway of complement plays a pathogenic role in a broad range of immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders; mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) is the key effector enzyme of the lectin pathway. We developed a fully human monoclonal antibody, narsoplimab, to bind to MASP-2 and specifically inhibit lectin pathway activation. Herein, we describe the preclinical characterization of narsoplimab that supports its evaluation in clinical trials. Methods and results ELISA binding studies demonstrated that narsoplimab interacted with both zymogen and enzymatically active forms of human MASP-2 with high affinity (KD 0.062 and 0.089 nM, respectively) and a selectivity ratio of >5,000-fold relative to closely related serine proteases C1r, C1s, MASP-1, and MASP-3. Interaction studies using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA demonstrated approximately 100-fold greater binding affinity for intact narsoplimab compared to a monovalent antigen binding fragment, suggesting an important contribution of functional bivalency to high-affinity binding. In functional assays conducted in dilute serum under pathway-specific assay conditions, narsoplimab selectively inhibited lectin pathway-dependent activation of C5b-9 with high potency (IC50 ~ 1 nM) but had no observable effect on classical pathway or alternative pathway activity at concentrations up to 500 nM. In functional assays conducted in 90% serum, narsoplimab inhibited lectin pathway activation in human serum with high potency (IC50 ~ 3.4 nM) whereas its potency in cynomolgus monkey serum was approximately 10-fold lower (IC50 ~ 33 nM). Following single dose intravenous administration to cynomolgus monkeys, narsoplimab exposure increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner. Clear dose-dependent pharmacodynamic responses were observed at doses >1.5 mg/kg, as evidenced by a reduction in lectin pathway activity assessed ex vivo that increased in magnitude and duration with increasing dose. Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data revealed a well-defined concentration-effect relationship with an ex vivo EC50 value of approximately 6.1 μg/mL, which was comparable to the in vitro functional potency (IC50 33 nM; ~ 5 μg/mL). Discussion Based on these results, narsoplimab has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of conditions associated with inappropriate lectin pathway activation, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dudler
- Discovery, Omeros Corporation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baralić M, Pažitná L, Brković V, Laušević M, Gligorijević N, Katrlík J, Nedić O, Robajac D. Prediction of Mortality in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Based on the Fibrinogen Mannosylation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030351. [PMID: 36766693 PMCID: PMC9913213 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As we already reported, fibrinogen fucosylation emerged as a prognostic marker of peritoneal membrane function in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis. After a follow-up period of 18 months, we estimated the ability of employed lectins, as well as other biochemical parameters, to serve as mortality predictors in these patients. Following a univariate Cox regression analysis, ferritin, urea clearance, residual diuresis, hyperglycemia, and an increase in the signal intensity obtained with Galanthus nivalis lectin (GNL) emerged as potential mortality predictors, but additional multivariate Cox regression analysis pointed only to glucose concentration and GNL as mortality predictors. Higher signal intensity obtained with GNL in patients that died suggested the importance of paucimannosidic/highly mannosidic N-glycan structures on fibrinogen as factors that are related to unwanted cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality and can possibly be seen as a prediction tool. Altered glycan structures composed of mannose residues are expected to affect the reactivity of mannosylated glycoproteins with mannose-binding lectin and possibly the entire cascade of events linked to this lectin. Since patients with ESRD are prone to cardiovascular complications and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, one can hypothesize that fibrinogen with increasingly exposed mannose residues may contribute to the unwanted events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Baralić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lucia Pažitná
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Voin Brković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Laušević
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Robajac
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saad AA. Unveiling the Great Therapeutic Potential of MASPs as Hemostatic Agents. J Hematol 2022; 11:240-245. [PMID: 36632573 PMCID: PMC9822654 DOI: 10.14740/jh1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates inflammation by MASP-2-mediated lectin complement pathway overactivation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:318. [PMID: 36100602 PMCID: PMC9470675 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis and lethality of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the N proteins of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were found to bind MASP-2, a key serine protease in the lectin pathway of complement activation, resulting in excessive complement activation by potentiating MBL-dependent MASP-2 activation, and the deposition of MASP-2, C4b, activated C3 and C5b-9. Aggravated inflammatory lung injury was observed in mice infected with adenovirus expressing the N protein. Complement hyperactivation was also observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Either blocking the N protein:MASP-2 interaction, MASP-2 depletion or suppressing complement activation can significantly alleviate N protein-induced complement hyperactivation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these data suggested that complement suppression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for pneumonia induced by these highly pathogenic coronaviruses.
Collapse
|
9
|
Götz MP, Skjoedt MO, Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen CB, Pérez-Alós L, Jarlhelt I, Benfield T, Rosbjerg A, Garred P. Lectin Pathway Enzyme MASP-2 and Downstream Complement Activation in COVID-19. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:122-135. [PMID: 35816998 PMCID: PMC10643890 DOI: 10.1159/000525508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) is the main activator of the lectin complement pathway and has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To study a possible association between MASP-2 and COVID-19, we aimed at developing a sensitive and reliable MASP-2 ELISA. From an array of novel mouse-monoclonal antibodies using recombinant MASP-2 as antigen, two clones were selected to create a sandwich ELISA. Plasma samples were obtained from 216 healthy controls, 347 convalescent COVID-19 patients, and 147 prospectively followed COVID-19 patients. The assay was specific towards MASP-2 and did not recognize the truncated MASP2 splice variant MAP-2 (MAp19). The limit of quantification was shown to be 0.1 ng/mL. MASP-2 concentration was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles. In healthy controls, the mean MASP-2 concentration was 524 ng/mL (95% CI: 496.5-551.6). No significant difference was found in the MASP-2 concentrations between COVID-19 convalescent samples and controls. However, a significant increase was observed in prospectively followed COVID-19 patients (mean: 834 ng/mL [95% CI: 765.3-902.7, p < 0.0001]). In these patients, MASP-2 concentration correlated significantly with the concentrations of the terminal complement complex (ρ = 0.3596, p < 0.0001), with the lectin pathway pattern recognition molecules ficolin-2 (ρ = 0.2906, p = 0.0004) and ficolin-3 (ρ = 0.3952, p < 0.0001) and with C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.3292, p = 0.0002). Overall, we developed a specific quantitative MASP-2 sandwich ELISA. MASP-2 correlated with complement activation and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients, underscoring a possible role of MASP-2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Peter Götz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mistegaard CE, Jensen L, Christiansen M, Bjerre M, Jensen JMB, Thiel S. Low levels of the innate immune system proteins MASP-2 and MAp44 in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13196. [PMID: 35673952 PMCID: PMC9542173 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) display low antibody levels and associated symptoms, including an increased risk of infections. The causes of CVID are uncertain and likely heterogeneous. The complement system protects against pathogens and plays essential roles in homeostasis and development. The influence of the complement system in CVID is not established. We investigated CVID patients and healthy individuals for plasma levels of the complement proteins: MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp19 and MAp44. We also tested other patients with symptoms similar to the CVID patients. CVID patients had lower average MASP-2 and MAp44 levels than healthy individuals (P < 0.01); the MASP-2 level was 0.73-fold lower, and the MAp44 level was 0.87-fold lower. This was not observed in the other patient cohorts studied. Our findings in this exploratory study provide new insights into CVID and introduce a complement perspective for future investigations into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Elbaek Mistegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cedzyński M, Świerzko AS. Components of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in Solid Tumour Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061543. [PMID: 35326694 PMCID: PMC8946279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important branch of the humoral innate immune response that can be activated via three distinct pathways (classical, alternative, lectin), contributing to keeping/restoring homeostasis. It can also interact with cellular innate immunity and with components of acquired immunity. Cross-talk between the complement system and other enzyme-dependent cascades makes it a more influential defence system, but on the other hand, over- or chronic activation can be harmful. This short review is focused on the dual role of the lectin pathway of complement activation in human solid tumour cancers, including those of the female reproductive system, lung, and alimentary tract, with emphasis on the aforementioned cross-talk.
Collapse
|
12
|
Mistegaard CE, Proft F. The Complement System in Spondyloarthritis: What Do We Know? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.17925/rmd.2022.1.2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of rheumatologic diseases, including axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis, arthritis with associated inflammatory bowel disease (i.e. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), reactive arthritis and undifferentiated SpA, which all share certain clinical, biological and genetic features. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unexplained. Recent evidence suggests an autoinflammatory component of the disease. The complement system is a cornerstone of the innate immune system. This review aims to evaluate the current knowledge of the complement system in SpA. Animal models have shown that complement activation is associated with axSpA. Complement proteins L-ficolin and H-ficolin levels are elevated in patients with axSpA, and complement factor C3 levels decrease after the initiation of tumour necrosis factor-inhibitor therapy. Associations with disease activity are inconsistent, as one study found that the serum levels of complement factors C3 and C4 did not differ in patients with different Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores but, in another study, were associated with baseline Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index improvement after treatment with a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor. Future studies should focus on the complement system in various SpA entities, involvement in pathogenesis and disease progression under clinically relevant conditions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun J, Wang L, Yang W, Li Y, Jin Y, Wang L, Song L. A novel C-type lectin activates the complement cascade in the primitive oyster Crassostrea gigas. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101352. [PMID: 34715129 PMCID: PMC8605247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient origin of the lectin pathway of the complement system can be traced back to protochordates (such as amphioxus and tunicates) by the presence of components such as ficolin, glucose-binding lectin, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP), and C3. Evidence for a more primitive origin is offered in the present study on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. C3 protein in C. gigas (CgC3) was found to be cleaved after stimulation with the bacteria Vibrio splendidus. In addition, we identified a novel C-type lectin (defined as CgCLec) with a complement control protein (CCP) domain, which recognized various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. This protein was involved in the activation of the complement system by binding CgMASPL-1 to promote cleavage of CgC3. The production of cytokines and antibacterial peptides, as well as the phagocytotic ratio of haemocytes in CgCLec-CCP-, CgMASPL-1-, or CgC3-knockdown oysters, decreased significantly after V. splendidus stimulation. Moreover, this activated CgC3 participated in perforation of bacterial envelopes and inhibiting survival of the infecting bacteria. These results collectively suggest that there existed an ancient lectin pathway in molluscs, which was activated by a complement cascade to regulate the production of immune effectors, phagocytosis, and bacterial lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingnan Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yarmoska SK, Alawieh AM, Tomlinson S, Hoang KB. Modulation of the Complement System by Neoplastic Disease of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689435. [PMID: 34671342 PMCID: PMC8521155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a highly conserved component of innate immunity that is involved in recognizing and responding to pathogens. The system serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and modulation of the complement system can affect the entire host immune response to a foreign insult. Neoplastic diseases have been shown to engage the complement system in order to evade the immune system, gain a selective growth advantage, and co-opt the surrounding environment for tumor proliferation. Historically, the central nervous system has been considered to be an immune-privileged environment, but it is now clear that there are active roles for both innate and adaptive immunity within the central nervous system. Much of the research on the role of immunological modulation of neoplastic disease within the central nervous system has focused on adaptive immunity, even though innate immunity still plays a critical role in the natural history of central nervous system neoplasms. Here, we review the modulation of the complement system by a variety of neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system. We also discuss gaps in the current body of knowledge and comment on future directions for investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Yarmoska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ali M. Alawieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly B. Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oroszlán G, Dani R, Végh BM, Varga D, Ács AV, Pál G, Závodszky P, Farkas H, Gál P, Dobó J. Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2198-2205. [PMID: 33858964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Factor D (FD) is an essential element of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it circulates predominantly in cleaved, activated form in the blood. In resting blood, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) is the exclusive activator of pro-FD. Similarly to FD, MASP-3 also circulates mainly in the active form. It was not clear, however, how zymogen MASP-3 is activated. To decipher its activation mechanism, we followed the cleavage of MASP-3 in human hirudin plasma. Our data suggest that neither lectin pathway proteases nor any protease controlled by C1-inhibitor are required for MASP-3 activation. However, EDTA and the general proprotein convertase inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone completely prevented activation of exogenous MASP-3 added to blood samples. In this study, we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) 5 and PCSK6 are able to activate MASP-3 in vitro. Unlike PCSK5, PCSK6 was detected in human serum and plasma, and previously PCSK6 had also been shown to activate corin in the circulation. In all, PCSK6 emerges as the MASP-3 activator in human blood. These findings clarify the very first step of the activation of the alternative pathway and also connect the complement and the proprotein convertase systems in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Oroszlán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ráhel Dani
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara M Végh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Dóra Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea V Ács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Péter Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garred P, Tenner AJ, Mollnes TE. Therapeutic Targeting of the Complement System: From Rare Diseases to Pandemics. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:792-827. [PMID: 33687995 PMCID: PMC7956994 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile plasma component that "complemented" the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name "complement." Complement is also part of the innate immune system, protecting the host by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, complement is multifunctional far beyond infectious defense. It contributes to organ development, such as sculpting neuron synapses, promoting tissue regeneration and repair, and rapidly engaging and synergizing with a number of processes, including hemostasis leading to thromboinflammation. Complement is a double-edged sword. Although it usually protects the host, it may cause tissue damage when dysregulated or overactivated, such as in the systemic inflammatory reaction seen in trauma and sepsis and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Damage-associated molecular patterns generated during ischemia-reperfusion injuries (myocardial infarction, stroke, and transplant dysfunction) and in chronic neurologic and rheumatic disease activate complement, thereby increasing damaging inflammation. Despite the long list of diseases with potential for ameliorating complement modulation, only a few rare diseases are approved for clinical treatment targeting complement. Those currently being efficiently treated include paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Rare diseases, unfortunately, preclude robust clinical trials. The increasing evidence for complement as a pathogenetic driver in many more common diseases suggests an opportunity for future complement therapy, which, however, requires robust clinical trials; one ongoing example is COVID-19 disease. The current review aims to discuss complement in disease pathogenesis and discuss future pharmacological strategies to treat these diseases with complement-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The complement system is the host's defense friend by protecting it from invading pathogens, promoting tissue repair, and maintaining homeostasis. Complement is a double-edged sword, since when dysregulated or overactivated it becomes the host's enemy, leading to tissue damage, organ failure, and, in worst case, death. A number of acute and chronic diseases are candidates for pharmacological treatment to avoid complement-dependent damage, ranging from the well established treatment for rare diseases to possible future treatment of large patient groups like the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (P.G.); Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California (A.J.T.); and Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway, Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (T.E.M.); Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.E.M.); and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (T.E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Idowu PA, Idowu AP, Zishiri OT, Mpofu TJ, Veldhuizen EJA, Nephawe KA, Mtileni B. Activity of Mannose-Binding Lectin on Bacterial-Infected Chickens-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030787. [PMID: 33808962 PMCID: PMC8000061 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the quest to combat bacterial-related diseases in chickens, different methods, of which some are less economical and less effective on the long-term, have been adapted. However, chickens possess mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which could be vital in managing pathogenic bacteria in chickens. MBL is one of the soluble proteins secreted by the chicken’s innate immune system which can be activated when chickens are exposed to chicken-related diseases. This review explains how mannose-binding lectin activation can help in fighting bacterial pathogens in chickens. This knowledge is believed to reduce incessant use of antibiotics and to assist in developing a profitable breeding program with less or no adverse effect on the chicken, human and the environment. Abstract In recent years, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have profoundly impacted chicken production by causing economic loss in chicken products and by-product revenues. MBL (mannose-binding lectin) is part of the innate immune system (IIS), which is the host’s first line defense against pathogens. The IIS functions centrally by identifying pathogen-specific microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with the help of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Studies have classified mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as one of the PRR molecules which belong to the C-type lectin family. The protective role of MBL lies in its ability to activate the complement system via the lectin pathway and there seems to be a direct link between the chicken’s health status and the MBL concentration in the serum. Several methods have been used to detect the presence, the level and the structure of MBL in chickens such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) among others. The concentration of MBL in the chicken ranges from 0.4 to 35 µg/mL and can be at peak levels at three to nine days at entry of pathogens. The variations observed are known to depend on the bacterial strains, breed and age of the chicken and possibly the feed manipulation strategies. However, when chicken MBL (cMBL) becomes deficient, it can result in malfunctioning of the innate immune system, which can predispose chickens to diseases. This article aimed to discuss the importance and components of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in chickens, its mode of actions, and the different methods used to detect MBL. Therefore, more studies are recommended to explore the causes for low and high cMBL production in chicken breeds and the possible effect of feed manipulation strategies in enhancing cMBL production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Idowu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-71-042-3992
| | - Adeola P. Idowu
- Department of Animal Science, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Oliver T. Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Takalani J. Mpofu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Khathutshelo A. Nephawe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bohani Mtileni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.J.M.); (K.A.N.); (B.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang K, Li J, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen D, Shi Z, Smith AD, Li W, Gao Y. Central nervous system diseases related to pathological microglial phagocytosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:528-539. [PMID: 33650762 PMCID: PMC8025646 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). They play an important role in protecting the CNS by clearing necrotic tissue and apoptotic cells in many CNS diseases. However, recent studies have found that microglia can phagocytose parts of neurons excessively, such as the neuronal cell body, synapse, or myelin sheaths, before or after the onset of CNS diseases, leading to aggravated injury and impaired tissue repair. Meanwhile, reduced phagocytosis of synapses and myelin results in abnormal circuit connections and inhibition of remyelination, respectively. Previous studies focused primarily on the positive effects of microglia phagocytosis, whereas only a few studies have focused on the negative effects. In this review, we use the term "pathological microglial phagocytosis" to refer to excessive or reduced phagocytosis by microglia that leads to structural or functional abnormalities in target cells and brain tissue. The classification of pathological microglial phagocytosis, the composition, and activation of related signaling pathways, as well as the process of pathological phagocytosis in various kinds of CNS diseases, are described in this review. We hypothesize that pathological microglial phagocytosis leads to aggravation of tissue damage and negative functional outcome. For example, excessive microglial phagocytosis of synapses can be observed in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, leading to significant synapse loss and memory impairment. In Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury, excessive microglial phagocytosis of neuronal cell bodies causes impaired gray matter recovery and sensory dysfunction. We therefore believe that more studies should focus on the mechanism of pathological microglial phagocytosis and activation to uncover potential targets of therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amanda D Smith
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bro-Jeppesen J, Jeppesen AN, Haugaard S, Troldborg A, Hassager C, Kjaergaard J, Kirkegaard H, Wanscher M, Hvas AM, Thiel S. The complement lectin pathway protein MAp19 and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Insights from two randomized clinical trials. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 9:S145-S152. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872619870031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
Activation of the complement system is known to be a potent inducer of systemic inflammation, which is an important component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Mannan-binding-lectin associated protein of 19 kDa (MAp19) is suggested to be a regulatory component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. The aims of this study were to describe serial levels of MAp19 protein in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), to evaluate the effect of two different regimes of targeted temperature management and to investigate the possible association between levels of MAp19 and mortality.
Methods:
In this post-hoc study, we analysed data from two large randomized controlled studies: ‘Targeted temperature management at 33 degrees C versus 36 degrees C after cardiac arrest’ (TTM) and ‘Targeted temperature management for 48 versus 24 h and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest’ (TTH). We measured serial levels of MAp19 in 240 patients within 72 h after OHCA and in 82 healthy controls. The effect of targeted temperature management on MAp19 levels was analysed according to temperature allocation in main trials.
Results:
MAp19 levels were significantly lower in OHCA patients within 48 h after OHCA (p-values <0.001) compared with healthy controls. A target temperature at 33°C compared with 36°C for 24 h was associated with significantly lower levels of MAp19 (–57 ng/mL (95% confidence interval (CI): –97 to −16 mg/mL), p=0.006). Target temperature at 33°C for 48 h compared with 24 h was not associated with a difference in MAp19 levels (–31 ng/mL (95% CI: –120 to 60 mg/mL), p=0.57). Low MAp19 levels at admission were associated with higher 30-day mortality (12% vs. 38%, plog-rank =0.0008), also in adjusted analysis (two-fold higher, hazard ratio =0.48 (95% CI: 0.31 to 0.75), p=0.001). Analysis of MAp19 levels at 24–72 h showed they were not associated with 30-day mortality.
Conclusion:
Survivors after OHCA have lower levels of MAp19 protein compared with healthy controls. A targeted temperature management at 33°C compared with 36°C was associated with significantly lower MAp19 levels, whereas target temperature at 33°C for 48 h compared with 24 h did not influence MAp19 protein levels. Low MAp19 levels at admission were independently associated with increased mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Bro-Jeppesen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni Nørgaard Jeppesen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Simon Haugaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Research Centre for Emergency Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Wanscher
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia 4142, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Świerzko AS, Cedzyński M. The Influence of the Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation on Infections of the Respiratory System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585243. [PMID: 33193407 PMCID: PMC7609860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Complement activation may prevent a variety of respiratory infections, but on the other hand, could exacerbate tissue damage or contribute to adverse side effects. In this review, the associations of factors specific for complement activation via the lectin pathway (LP) with infections of the respiratory system, from birth to adulthood, are discussed. The most extensive data concern mannose-binding lectin (MBL) which together with other collectins (collectin-10, collectin-11) and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3) belong to pattern-recognition molecules (PRM) specific for the LP. Those PRM form complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3) and related non-enzymatic factors (MAp19, MAp44). Beside diseases affecting humanity for centuries like tuberculosis or neonatal pneumonia, some recently published data concerning COVID-19 are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cedzyński M, Świerzko AS. Components of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in Haematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1792. [PMID: 32635486 PMCID: PMC7408476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is activated cascadically via three distinct major routes: classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP) or lectin pathway (LP). The unique factors associated with the latter are collectins (mannose-binding lectin, collectin-10, collectin-11), ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3) and proteins of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) family (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp19, MAp44). Collectins and ficolins are both pattern-recognising molecules (PRM), reactive against pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The MASP family proteins were first discovered as complexes with mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and therefore named MBL-associated serine proteases, but later, they were found to interact with ficolins, and later still, collectin-10 and collectin-11. As well as proteolytic enzymes (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3), the group includes non-enzymatic factors (MAp19, MAp44). In this review, the association-specific factors of the lectin pathway with haematologic malignancies and related infections are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 92-232 Łódź, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kjældgaard AL, Pilely K, Olsen KS, Pedersen SW, Lauritsen AØ, Møller K, Garred P. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The complement and inflammatory hypothesis. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:14-25. [PMID: 29933890 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, neurodegenerative motor neuron disease. The aetiology of ALS remains an enigma which hinders the design of an effective treatment to prevent, postpone, or reverse the pathophysiological changes occurring during the aggressive progression of this disease. During the last decade, basic research within the innate immune system, and in particular the complement system, has revealed new, important roles of the innate immune system during development, homeostasis, and ageing within as well as outside the central nervous system. Several lines of evidence indicate that aberrant activation of the complement system locally in the central nervous system as well as systemically may be involved in the pathophysiology of ALS. This exciting new knowledge could point towards the innate immune system as a potential target of medical intervention in ALS. Recently, the historic perception of ALS as a central neurodegenerative disease has been challenged due to the significant amount of evidence of a dying-back mechanism causing the selective destruction of the motor neurons, indicating that disease onset occurs outside the borders of the blood-brain-barrier. This review addresses the function of the innate immune system during ALS. We emphasize the role of the complement system and specifically suggest the involvement of ficolin-3 from the lectin pathway in the pathophysiology of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lene Kjældgaard
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Diagnostic Centre, Section 7631; Department of Neuroanaesthesiology.
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Diagnostic Centre, Section 7631
| | | | - Stephen Wørlich Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Diagnostic Centre, Section 7631
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oroszlán G, Dani R, Szilágyi A, Závodszky P, Thiel S, Gál P, Dobó J. Extensive Basal Level Activation of Complement Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Serine Protease-3: Kinetic Modeling of Lectin Pathway Activation Provides Possible Mechanism. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1821. [PMID: 29326707 PMCID: PMC5741598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases (SPs) are typically synthesized as precursors, termed proenzymes or zymogens, and the fully active form is produced via limited proteolysis by another protease or by autoactivation. The lectin pathway of the complement system is initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated SPs (MASP)-1, and MASP-2, which are known to be present as proenzymes in blood. The third SP of the lectin pathway, MASP-3, was recently shown to be the major activator, and the exclusive “resting blood” activator of profactor D, producing factor D, the initiator protease of the alternative pathway. Because only activated MASP-3 is capable of carrying out this cleavage, it was presumed that a significant fraction of MASP-3 must be present in the active form in resting blood. Here, we aimed to detect active MASP-3 in the blood by a more direct technique and to quantitate the active to zymogen ratio. First, MASPs were partially purified (enriched) from human plasma samples by affinity chromatography using immobilized MBL in the presence of inhibitors. Using this MASP pool, only the zymogen form of MASP-1 was detected by Western blot, whereas over 70% MASP-3 was in an activated form in the same samples. Furthermore, the active to zymogen ratio of MASP-3 showed little individual variation. It is enigmatic how MASP-3, which is not able to autoactivate, is present mostly as an active enzyme, whereas MASP-1, which has a potent autoactivation capability, is predominantly proenzymic in resting blood. In an attempt to explain this phenomenon, we modeled the basal level fluid-phase activation of lectin pathway proteases and their subsequent inactivation by C1 inhibitor and antithrombin using available and newly determined kinetic constants. The model can explain extensive MASP-3 activation only if we assume efficient intracomplex activation of MASP-3 by zymogen MASP-1. On the other hand, the model is in good agreement with the fact that MASP-1 and -2 are predominantly proenzymic and some of them is present in the form of inactive serpin–protease complexes. As an alternative hypothesis, MASP-3 activation by proprotein convertases is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Oroszlán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ráhel Dani
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szilágyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) as a central regulator of the protective immune response against Giardia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8520. [PMID: 28819174 PMCID: PMC5561107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Giardia is a highly prevalent intestinal pathogen with a wide host range. Data obtained in mice, cattle and humans revealed the importance of IL-17A in the development of a protective immune response against Giardia. The aim of this study was to further unravel the protective effector mechanisms triggered by IL-17A following G. muris infection in mice, by an RNA-sequencing approach. C57BL/6 WT and C57BL/6 IL-17RA KO mice were orally infected with G. muris cysts. Three weeks post infection, intestinal tissue samples were collected for RNA-sequencing, with samples from uninfected C57BL/6 WT and C57BL/6 IL-17RA KO animals serving as negative controls. Differential expression analysis showed that G. muris infection evoked the transcriptional upregulation of a wide array of genes, mainly in animals with competent IL-17RA signaling. IL-17RA signaling induced the production of various antimicrobial peptides, such as angiogenin 4 and α- and β-defensins and regulated complement activation through mannose-binding lectin 2. The expression of the receptor that regulates the secretion of IgA into the intestinal lumen, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, was also dependent on IL-17RA signaling. Interestingly, the transcriptome data showed for the first time the involvement of the circadian clock in the host response following Giardia infection.
Collapse
|
25
|
Foldi I, Tornai T, Tornai D, Sipeki N, Vitalis Z, Tornai I, Dinya T, Antal-Szalmas P, Papp M. Lectin-complement pathway molecules are decreased in patients with cirrhosis and constitute the risk of bacterial infections. Liver Int 2017; 37:1023-1031. [PMID: 28109038 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lectin pathway molecules of the complement system are synthesized by hepatocytes and have pivotal role in innate host defence against infectious organisms. Ficolins (FCNs) act as soluble pattern recognition molecules, while mannan-binding lectin serine proteases(MASPs) do as effector molecules in elimination of pathogens. We aimed to study the significance of low level of these molecules in the development of cirrhosis-associated bacterial infections, which has not been elucidated so far. METHODS Sera of 266 stable outpatients with cirrhosis and 160 healthy subjects were assayed for a panel of lectin molecules (FCN-2, FCN-3 and MASP-2) by ELISA. In cirrhosis, a 5-year follow-up observational study was conducted to assess a possible association between lectin levels and development of clinically significant bacterial infections(CSI). RESULTS FCN-2, FCN-3 and MASP-2 levels were significantly lower in cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects and decreased according to disease severity (P<.001 for all molecules). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, development of CSI was associated with low level of FCN-2 (<427 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.047) and FCN-3 (<4857 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.029), but not with MASP-2 deficiency (<100 ng/mL, pLogRank=0.306). Combined FCN deficiency was associated with increased risk of development of bacterial infections in a step-wise manner. Patients with low level of both FCNs had higher cumulative probability of CSI (63.8%) compared to those with low level of one or normal FCN (52.7% and 45.7%, pLogRank=0.016). Neither FCN serum profile, nor MASP-2 deficiency were associated with infection-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Low level of FCNs associated with hepatic insufficiency might be considered as an additional constituent of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Foldi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tornai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David Tornai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Sipeki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Vitalis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Tornai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Dinya
- Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal-Szalmas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Papp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Recent progress in the understanding of complement activation and its role in tumor growth and anti-tumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:446-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
27
|
Chakraborti S, Dhalla NS, Catarino SJ, Messias-Reason IJ. Serine Proteases in the Lectin Pathway of the Complement System. PROTEASES IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120406 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-2513-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system plays a crucial role in host defense against pathogen infections and in the recognition and removal of damaged or altered self-components. Complement system activation can be initiated by three different pathways—classical, alternative, and lectin pathways—resulting in a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in multiple biological processes including opsonization and phagocytosis of intruders, inflammation, cell lysis, and removal of immune complexes and apoptotic cells. Furthermore, it also functions as a link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The lectin pathway (LP) activation is mediated by serine proteases, termed mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases (MASPs), which are associated with the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that recognize carbohydrates or acetylated compounds on surfaces of pathogens or apoptotic cells. These result in the proteolysis of complement C2 and C4 generating C3 convertase (C4b2a), which carries forward the activation cascade of complements, culminating in the elimination of foreign molecules. This chapter presents an overview of the complement system focusing on the characterization of MASPs and its genes, as well as its functions in the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal India
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma YJ, Lee BL, Garred P. An overview of the synergy and crosstalk between pentraxins and collectins/ficolins: their functional relevance in complement activation. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e320. [PMID: 28428631 PMCID: PMC6130212 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an innate immune defense machinery comprising components that deploy rapid immune responses and provide efficient protection against foreign invaders and unwanted host elements. The complement system is activated upon recognition of pathogenic microorganisms or altered self-cells by exclusive pattern recognition molecules (PRMs), such as collectins, ficolins and pentraxins. Recent accumulating evidence shows that the different classes of effector PRMs build up a co-operative network and exert synergistic effects on complement activation. In this review, we describe our updated view of the crosstalk between previously unlinked PRMs in complement activation and the potential pathogenic effects during infection and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Ma
- The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- National Research Laboratory of Defense Proteins, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Peter Garred
- The Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fumagalli S, Perego C, Zangari R, De Blasio D, Oggioni M, De Nigris F, Snider F, Garred P, Ferrante AMR, De Simoni MG. Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation Is Associated with Vulnerability of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Front Immunol 2017; 8:288. [PMID: 28360913 PMCID: PMC5352714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. By using a novel histology-based method to quantify plaque instability here, we assess whether lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation, a major inflammation arm, could represent an index of plaque instability. Plaques from 42 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the lipid core, cholesterol clefts, hemorrhagic content, thickness of tunica media, and intima, including or not infiltration of cellular debris and cholesterol, were determined. The presence of ficolin-1, -2, and -3 and mannose-binding lectin (MBL), LP initiators, was assessed in the plaques by immunofluorescence and in plasma by ELISA. LP activation was assessed in plasma by functional in vitro assays. Patients presenting low stenosis (≤75%) had higher hemorrhagic content than those with high stenosis (>75%), indicating increased erosion. Increased hemorrhagic content and tunica media thickness, as well as decreased lipid core and infiltrated content were associated with vulnerable plaques and therefore used to establish a plaque vulnerability score that allowed to classify patients according to plaque vulnerability. Ficolins and MBL were found both in plaques’ necrotic core and tunica media. Patients with vulnerable plaques showed decreased plasma levels and intraplaque deposition of ficolin-2. Symptomatic patients experiencing a transient ischemic attack had lower plasma levels of ficolin-1. We show that the LP initiators are present within the plaques and their circulating levels change in atherosclerotic patients. In particular, we show that decreased ficolin-2 levels are associated with rupture-prone vulnerable plaques, indicating its potential use as marker for cardiovascular risk assessment in atherosclerotic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fumagalli
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo Perego
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Daiana De Blasio
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Oggioni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca De Nigris
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Medical School "A. Gemelli University Hospital" Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Snider
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Medical School "A. Gemelli University Hospital" Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Angela M R Ferrante
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart Medical School "A. Gemelli University Hospital" Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
De Blasio D, Fumagalli S, Longhi L, Orsini F, Palmioli A, Stravalaci M, Vegliante G, Zanier ER, Bernardi A, Gobbi M, De Simoni MG. Pharmacological inhibition of mannose-binding lectin ameliorates neurobehavioral dysfunction following experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:938-950. [PMID: 27165013 PMCID: PMC5363468 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16647397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin is present in the contusion area of traumatic brain-injured patients and in that of traumatic brain-injured mice, where mannose-binding lectin-C exceeds mannose-binding lectin-A. The reduced susceptibility to traumatic brain injury of mannose-binding lectin double knock-out mice (mannose-binding lectin-/-) when compared to wild type mice suggests that mannose-binding lectin may be a therapeutic target following traumatic brain injury. Here, we evaluated the effects of a multivalent glycomimetic mannose-binding lectin ligand, Polyman9, following traumatic brain injury in mice. In vitro surface plasmon resonance assay indicated that Polyman9 dose-dependently inhibits the binding to immobilized mannose residues of plasma mannose-binding lectin-C selectively over that of mannose-binding lectin-A. Male C57Bl/6 mice underwent sham/controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury and intravenous treatment with Polyman9/saline. Ex-vivo surface plasmon resonance studies confirmed that Polyman9 effectively reduces the binding of plasma mannose-binding lectin-C to immobilized mannose residues. In vivo studies up to four weeks post injury, showed that Polyman9 induces significant improvement in sensorimotor deficits (by neuroscore and beam walk), promotes neurogenesis (73% increase in doublecortin immunoreactivity), and astrogliosis (28% increase in glial fibrillary acid protein). Polyman9 administration in brain-injured mannose-binding lectin-/- mice had no effect on post-traumatic brain-injured functional deficits, suggestive of the specificity of its neuroprotective effects. The neurobehavioral efficacy of Polyman9 implicates mannose-binding lectin-C as a novel therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana De Blasio
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.,2 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Longhi
- 3 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Franca Orsini
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Stravalaci
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- 1 IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vengen IT, Enger TB, Videm V, Garred P. Pentraxin 3, ficolin-2 and lectin pathway associated serine protease MASP-3 as early predictors of myocardial infarction - the HUNT2 study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43045. [PMID: 28216633 PMCID: PMC5316974 DOI: 10.1038/srep43045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lectin complement pathway is suggested to play a role in atherogenesis. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, MBL/ficolin/collectin-associated serine protease-3 (MASP-3) and MBL/ficolin/collectin-associated protein-1 (MAP-1) are molecules related to activation of the lectin complement pathway. We hypothesized that serum levels of these molecules may be associated with the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). In a Norwegian population-based cohort (HUNT2) where young to middle-aged relatively healthy Caucasians were followed up for a first-time MI from 1995-1997 through 2008, the 370 youngest MI patients were matched by age (range 29-62 years) and gender to 370 controls. After adjustments for traditional risk factors, the two highest tertiles of PTX3 and the highest tertiles of ficolin-2 and MASP-3 were associated with MI, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.65 (1.10-2.47) and 2.79 (1.83-4.24) for PTX3, 1.55 (1.04-2.30) for ficolin-2, and 0.63 (0.043-0.94) for MASP-3. Ficolin-1, ficolin-3 and MAP-1 were not associated with MI. In a multimarker analysis of all associated biomarkers, only PTX3 and MASP-3 remained significant. PTX-3 and MASP-3 enhanced prediction of MI compared to the traditional Framingham risk score alone (AUC increased from 0.64 to 0.68, p = 0.006). These results support the role of complement-dependent inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Thorsen Vengen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Bull Enger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Sect. 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Troldborg A, Hansen A, Hansen SWK, Jensenius JC, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Thiel S. Lectin complement pathway proteins in healthy individuals. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:138-147. [DOI: 10.1111/cei.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Troldborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. W. K. Hansen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - J. C. Jensenius
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Stengaard-Pedersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li MF, Li J, Sun L. CsMAP34, a teleost MAP with dual role: A promoter of MASP-assisted complement activation and a regulator of immune cell activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39287. [PMID: 28008939 PMCID: PMC5180248 DOI: 10.1038/srep39287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In teleost fish, the immune functions of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) associated protein (MAP) and MBL associated serine protease (MASP) are scarcely investigated. In the present study, we examined the biological properties both MAP (CsMAP34) and MASP (CsMASP1) molecules from tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). We found that CsMAP34 and CsMASP1 expressions occurred in nine different tissues and were upregulated by bacterial challenge. CsMAP34 protein was detected in blood, especially during bacterial infection. Recombinant CsMAP34 (rCsMAP34) bound C. semilaevis MBL (rCsBML) when the latter was activated by bacteria, while recombinant CsMASP1 (rCsMASP1) bound activated rCsBML only in the presence of rCsMAP34. rCsMAP34 stimulated the hemolytic and bactericidal activities of serum complement, whereas anti-CsMAP34 antibody blocked complement activities. Knockdown of CsMASP1 in C. semilaevis resulted in significant inhibition of complement activities. Furthermore, rCsMAP34 interacted directly with peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and enhanced the respiratory burst, acid phosphatase activity, chemotactic activity, and gene expression of PBL. These results indicate for the first time that a teleost MAP acts one hand as a regulator that promotes the lectin pathway of complement activation via its ability to recruit MBL to MASP, and other hand as a modulator of immune cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste Marie, MI, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Garred P, Genster N, Pilely K, Bayarri-Olmos R, Rosbjerg A, Ma YJ, Skjoedt MO. A journey through the lectin pathway of complement-MBL and beyond. Immunol Rev 2016; 274:74-97. [PMID: 27782323 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-10, collectin-11, and the ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3) are soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin complement pathway. These proteins act as mediators of host defense and participate in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They bind to conserved pathogen-specific structures and altered self-antigens and form complexes with the pentraxins to modulate innate immune functions. All molecules exhibit distinct expression in different tissue compartments, but all are found to a varying degree in the circulation. A common feature of these molecules is their ability to interact with a set of serine proteases named MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3). MASP-1 and -2 trigger the activation of the lectin pathway and MASP-3 may be involved in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Furthermore, MASPs mediate processes related to coagulation, bradykinin release, and endothelial and platelet activation. Variant alleles affecting expression and structure of the proteins have been associated with a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, most commonly as disease modifiers. Notably, the severe 3MC (Malpuech, Michels, Mingarelli, and Carnevale) embryonic development syndrome originates from rare mutations affecting either collectin-11 or MASP-3, indicating a broader functionality of the complement system than previously anticipated. This review summarizes the characteristics of the molecules in the lectin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Niyonzima N, Halvorsen B, Sporsheim B, Garred P, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Espevik T. Complement activation by cholesterol crystals triggers a subsequent cytokine response. Mol Immunol 2016; 84:43-50. [PMID: 27692470 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the host a diverse collection of endogenous danger signals is constantly generated consisting of waste material as protein aggregates or crystalline materials that are recognized and handled by soluble pattern recognition receptors and phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. These signals may under certain circumstances drive processes leading to adverse inflammation. One example is cholesterol crystals (CC) that accumulate in the vessel wall during early phases of atherogenesis and represent an important endogenous danger signal promoting inflammation. CC is recognized by the lectin- and classical pathways of the complement system resulting in activation of C3 and C5 with release of inflammatory mediators like the potent C5a fragment. Complement activation by CC leads to crosstalk with the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway and production of IL-1β. Neutralization of IL-1β may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis and a large clinical trial with an IL-1β inhibitor is currently in progress (the CANTOS study). However, upstream inhibition of CC-induced inflammation by using a complement inhibitor may be more efficient in treating atherosclerosis since this will block initiation of inflammation processes before downstream release of cytokines including IL-1β. Another therapeutic candidate can be broad-acting 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a compound that targets several mechanisms such as cholesterol efflux, complement gene expression, and the NLRP3 pathway. In summary, emerging evidence show that complement is a key upstream player in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and that therapy aiming at inhibiting complement could be effective in controlling atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Niyonzima
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; MRC Centre for Transplantation, Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of clinical medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; K.J. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine and K.J. Jebsen TREC University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pilely K, Rosbjerg A, Genster N, Gal P, Pál G, Halvorsen B, Holm S, Aukrust P, Bakke SS, Sporsheim B, Nervik I, Niyonzima N, Bartels ED, Stahl GL, Mollnes TE, Espevik T, Garred P. Cholesterol Crystals Activate the Lectin Complement Pathway via Ficolin-2 and Mannose-Binding Lectin: Implications for the Progression of Atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:5064-74. [PMID: 27183610 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol crystals (CC) play an essential role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. CC activate the classical and the alternative complement pathways, but the role of the lectin pathway is unknown. We hypothesized that the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) from the lectin pathway bind CC and function as an upstream innate inflammatory signal in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. We investigated the binding of the PRMs mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3, the associated serine proteases, and complement activation products to CC in vitro using recombinant proteins, specific inhibitors, as well as deficient and normal sera. Additionally, we examined the deposition of ficolin-2 and MBL in human carotid plaques by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the lectin pathway was activated on CC by binding of ficolin-2 and MBL in vitro, resulting in activation and deposition of complement activation products. MBL bound to CC in a calcium-dependent manner whereas ficolin-2 binding was calcium-independent. No binding was observed for ficolin-1 or ficolin-3. MBL and ficolin-2 were present in human carotid plaques, and binding of MBL to CC was confirmed in vivo by immunohistochemistry, showing localization of MBL around CC clefts. Moreover, we demonstrated that IgM, but not IgG, bound to CC in vitro and that C1q binding was facilitated by IgM. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PRMs from the lectin pathway recognize CC and provides evidence for an important role for this pathway in the inflammatory response induced by CC in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Pilely
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Anne Rosbjerg
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Ninette Genster
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Peter Gal
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Siril Skaret Bakke
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Nervik
- Section for Children's and Women's Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emil D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Gregory L Stahl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8038 Bodø, Norway; and K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hertle E, Arts IC, van der Kallen CJ, Feskens EJ, Schalkwijk CG, Hoffmann-Petersen IT, Thiel S, Stehouwer CD, van Greevenbroek MM. Distinct Longitudinal Associations of MBL, MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and MAp44 With Endothelial Dysfunction and Intima–Media Thickness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1278-85. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hertle
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Ilja C.W. Arts
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Carla J.H. van der Kallen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Edith J.M. Feskens
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Casper G. Schalkwijk
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Ingeborg T. Hoffmann-Petersen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Steffen Thiel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Coen D.A. Stehouwer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| | - Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (E.H., C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G.), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (EH, C.J.H.v.d.K., C.G.S., C.D.A.S., M.M.J.v.G., I.C.W.A.), Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI) (I.C.W.A.), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Section Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (E.J.M.F.); and Department of
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zangari R, Zanier ER, Torgano G, Bersano A, Beretta S, Beghi E, Casolla B, Checcarelli N, Lanfranconi S, Maino A, Mandelli C, Micieli G, Orzi F, Picetti E, Silvestrini M, Stocchetti N, Zecca B, Garred P, De Simoni MG. Early ficolin-1 is a sensitive prognostic marker for functional outcome in ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:16. [PMID: 26792363 PMCID: PMC4721111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence support the involvement of the lectin pathway of complement (LP) in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this multicenter observational study was to assess the prognostic value of different circulating LP initiators in acute stroke. METHODS Plasma levels of the LP initiators ficolin-1, -2, and -3 and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) were measured in 80 stroke patients at 6 h only and in 85 patients at 48 h and later. Sixty-one age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Stroke severity was measured on admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The outcome was measured at 90 days by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS Ficolin-1 was decreased in patients compared with controls measured at 6 h (median 0.13 vs 0.33 μg/ml, respectively, p < 0.0001). At 48 h, ficolin-1 was significantly higher (0.45 μg/ml, p < 0.0001) compared to the 6 h samples and to controls. Likewise, ficolin-2 was decreased at 6 h (2.70 vs 4.40 μg/ml, p < 0.0001) but not at 48 h. Ficolin-3 was decreased both at 6 and 48 h (17.3 and 18.23 vs 21.5 μg/ml, p < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). For MBL no difference was detected between patients and controls or within patients at the different time points. In multivariate analysis, early ficolin-1 was independently associated with unfavorable mRS outcome (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.21, confidence interval (CI) 95 % 1.11-4.39, p = 0.023). Early ficolin-1 improved the discriminating ability of an outcome model including NIHSS and age (area under the curve (AUC) 0.95, CI 95 % 0.90-0.99, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The ficolins are consumed within 6 h after stroke implicating activation of the LP. Early ficolin-1 is selectively related to 3-month unfavorable outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zangari
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
- Department of physiopathology and transplant, Milan University and Neuro ICU Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - E R Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Torgano
- Emergency Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Beretta
- Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - E Beghi
- Department of physiopathology and transplant, Milan University and Neuro ICU Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - B Casolla
- Department NESMOS, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | | | - S Lanfranconi
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Maino
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Mandelli
- Emergency Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - G Micieli
- C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.
| | - F Orzi
- Department NESMOS, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - E Picetti
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - M Silvestrini
- Neurological Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
| | - N Stocchetti
- Department of physiopathology and transplant, Milan University and Neuro ICU Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - B Zecca
- Emergency Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - P Garred
- Laboratory of Moleclar Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M G De Simoni
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jenny L, Dobó J, Gál P, Schroeder V. MASP-1 Induced Clotting--The First Model of Prothrombin Activation by MASP-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144633. [PMID: 26645987 PMCID: PMC4672900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), a protein of the complement lectin pathway, resembles thrombin in terms of structural features and substrate specificity. Due to its interplay with several coagulation factors, it has the ability to induce fibrin clot formation independent of the usual coagulation activation pathways. We have recently shown that MASP-1 activates prothrombin and identified arginine (R) 155, R271, and R393 as potential cleavage sites. FXa cleaves R320 instead of R393, and thrombin cleaves R155 and R284 in prothrombin. Here we have used three arginine-to-glutamine mutants of prothrombin, R271Q, R320Q, R393Q and the serine-to-alanine active site mutant S525A to investigate in detail the mechanism of MASP-1 mediated prothrombin activation. Prothrombin wildtype and mutants were digested with MASP-1 and the cleavage products were analysed by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing. A functional clotting assay was performed by thrombelastography. We have found that MASP-1 activates prothrombin via two simultaneous pathways, either cleaving at R271 or R393 first. Both pathways result in the formation of several active alternative thrombin species. Functional studies confirmed that both R393 and R320 are required for prothrombin activation by MASP-1, whereas R155 is not considered to be an important cleavage site in this process. In conclusion, we have described for the first time a detailed model of prothrombin activation by MASP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jenny
- University Clinic of Haematology, Haemostasis Research Laboratory, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Verena Schroeder
- University Clinic of Haematology, Haemostasis Research Laboratory, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jenny L, Ajjan R, King R, Thiel S, Schroeder V. Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 are elevated in type 1 diabetes and correlate with glycaemic control. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:227-32. [PMID: 25533914 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the complement system plays an important role in diabetes and the development of diabetic vascular complications. In particular, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) levels are elevated in diabetes patients, and diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy have higher MBL levels than diabetes patients with normal renal function. The MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3 and MBL-associated protein MAp44 have not yet been studied in diabetes patients. We therefore measured plasma levels of MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3 and MAp44 in 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 17 matched control subjects, and in 45 adults with T1DM and 31 matched control subjects. MASP-1 and MASP-2 levels were significantly higher in children and adults with T1DM than in their respective control groups, whereas MASP-3 and MAp44 levels did not differ between patients and controls. MASP-1 and MASP-2 levels correlated with HbA1c, and MASP levels decreased when glycaemic control improved. Because MASP-1 and MASP-2 have been shown to interact directly with blood coagulation, elevated levels of these proteins may play a role in the enhanced thrombotic environment and consequent vascular complications in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jenny
- University Clinic of Haematology, Haemostasis Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Drentin N, Conroy P, Gunzburg MJ, Pike RN, Wijeyewickrema LC. Investigation of the mechanism of interaction between Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 and complement C4. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:287-93. [PMID: 26130224 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between mannose-binding lectin [MBL]-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) and its first substrate, C4 is crucial to the lectin pathway of complement, which is vital for innate host immunity, but also involved in a number of inflammatory diseases. Recent data suggests that two areas outside of the active site of MASP-2 (so-called exosites) are crucial for efficient cleavage of C4: one at the junction of the two complement control protein (CCP) domains of the enzyme and the second on the serine protease (SP) domain. Here, we have further investigated the roles of each of these exosites in the binding and cleavage of C4. We have found that both exosites are required for high affinity binding and efficient cleavage of the substrate protein. Within the SP domain exosite, we have shown here that two arginine residues are most important for high affinity binding and efficient cleavage of C4. Finally, we show that the CCP domain exosite appears to play the major role in the initial interaction with C4, whilst the SP domain exosite plays the major role in a secondary conformational change between the two proteins required to form a high affinity complex. This data has provided new insights into the binding and cleavage of C4 by MASP-2, which may be useful in the design of molecules that modulate this important interaction required to activate the lectin pathway of complement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Drentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Paul Conroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Menachem J Gunzburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Robert N Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Lakshmi C Wijeyewickrema
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Merle NS, Church SE, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part I - Molecular Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. Front Immunol 2015; 6:262. [PMID: 26082779 PMCID: PMC4451739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 952] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in defense against pathogens and in host homeostasis. The complement system is initiated by conformational changes in recognition molecular complexes upon sensing danger signals. The subsequent cascade of enzymatic reactions is tightly regulated to assure that complement is activated only at specific locations requiring defense against pathogens, thus avoiding host tissue damage. Here, we discuss the recent advances describing the molecular and structural basis of activation and regulation of the complement pathways and their implication on physiology and pathology. This article will review the mechanisms of activation of alternative, classical, and lectin pathways, the formation of C3 and C5 convertases, the action of anaphylatoxins, and the membrane-attack-complex. We will also discuss the importance of structure-function relationships using the example of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Lastly, we will discuss the development and benefits of therapies using complement inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Church
- UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Integrative Cancer Immunology Team, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Complement and Diseases Team, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Troldborg A, Thiel S, Laska MJ, Deleuran B, Jensenius JC, Stengaard-Pedersen K. Levels in plasma of the serine proteases and associated proteins of the lectin pathway are altered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:948-51. [PMID: 25877499 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.141163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system are involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. METHODS Using time-resolved immunofluorometric assays, plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine proteases 1 (MASP-1), MASP-2, MASP-3, MBL-associated protein of 19 kDa (MAp19), and MAp44 were determined in 58 patients with SLE and 65 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Plasma concentrations in patients with SLE were higher than HC regarding MASP-1, MASP-3, and MAp44 (p < 0.0001, 0.0003, and 0.0013). Complement factor 3 correlated negatively and anti-dsDNA positively with levels of MAp19 (p = 0.0035, p = 0.0133). CONCLUSION In SLE, plasma levels of MASP and MAp are altered and associated with SLE characteristics, supporting a role in SLE pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Troldborg
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.
| | - Steffen Thiel
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Magdalena Janina Laska
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Bent Deleuran
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Jens Christian Jensenius
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| | - Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.A. Troldborg, MD, PhD candidate, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; S. Thiel, Professor; M.J. Laska, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; B. Deleuran, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; J.C. Jensenius, DrMed, DrPhil, Professor, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University; K. Stengaard-Pedersen, DrMed, Professor, Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Beltrame MH, Boldt ABW, Catarino SJ, Mendes HC, Boschmann SE, Goeldner I, Messias-Reason I. MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and infectious diseases. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:85-100. [PMID: 25862418 PMCID: PMC7112674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MASP-1 and MASP-2 are central players of the lectin pathway of complement. MASP1 and MASP2 gene polymorphisms regulate protein serum levels and activity. MASP deficiencies are associated with increased infection susceptibility. MASP polymorphisms and serum levels are associated with disease progression.
The lectin pathway of the complement system has a pivotal role in the defense against infectious organisms. After binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins or collectin 11 to carbohydrates or acetylated residues on pathogen surfaces, dimers of MBL-associated serine proteases 1 and 2 (MASP-1 and MASP-2) activate a proteolytic cascade, which culminates in the formation of the membrane attack complex and pathogen lysis. Alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding MASP-1 results in two other products, MASP-3 and MAp44, which regulate activation of the cascade. A similar mechanism allows the gene encoding MASP-2 to produce the truncated MAp19 protein. Polymorphisms in MASP1 and MASP2 genes are associated with protein serum levels and functional activity. Since the first report of a MASP deficiency in 2003, deficiencies in lectin pathway proteins have been associated with recurrent infections and several polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility or protection to infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the role of MASP polymorphisms and serum levels in bacterial, viral and protozoan infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia H Beltrame
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica B W Boldt
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra J Catarino
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hellen C Mendes
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Stefanie E Boschmann
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jenny L, Dobó J, Gál P, Schroeder V. MASP-1 of the complement system promotes clotting via prothrombin activation. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:398-405. [PMID: 25745807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), a protein of the complement lectin pathway, resembles thrombin in terms of structural features and substrate specificity, and it has been shown to activate coagulation factors. Here we studied the effects of MASP-1 on clot formation in whole blood (WB) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) by thrombelastography and further elucidated the underlying mechanism. Cleavage of prothrombin by MASP-1 was investigated by SDS-PAGE and N-terminal sequencing of cleavage products. Addition of MASP-1 or thrombin to WB and PPP shortened the clotting time and clot formation time significantly compared to recalcified-only samples. The combination of MASP-1 and thrombin had additive effects. In a purified system, MASP-1 was able to induce clotting only in presence of prothrombin. Analysis of MASP-1-digested prothrombin confirmed that MASP-1 cleaves prothrombin at three cleavage sites. In conclusion, we have shown that MASP-1 is able to induce and promote clot formation measured in a global setting using the technique of thrombelastography. We further confirmed that MASP-1-induced clotting is dependent on prothrombin. Finally, we have demonstrated that MASP-1 cleaves prothrombin and identified its cleavage sites, suggesting that MASP-1 gives rise to an alternative active form of thrombin by cleaving at the cleavage site R393.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jenny
- University Clinic of Haematology, Haemostasis Research Laboratory, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Verena Schroeder
- University Clinic of Haematology, Haemostasis Research Laboratory, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bayarri-Olmos R, Hansen S, Henriksen ML, Storm L, Thiel S, Garred P, Munthe-Fog L. Genetic variation of COLEC10 and COLEC11 and association with serum levels of collectin liver 1 (CL-L1) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114883. [PMID: 25710878 PMCID: PMC4339841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collectin liver 1 (CL-L1, alias CL-10) and collectin kidney 1 (CL-K1, alias CL-11), encoded by the COLEC10 and COLEC11 genes, respectively, are highly homologous soluble pattern recognition molecules in the lectin pathway of complement. These proteins may be involved in anti-microbial activity and in tissue development as mutations in COLEC11 are one of the causes of the developmental defect syndrome 3MC. We studied variations in COLEC10 and COLEC11, the impact on serum concentration and to what extent CL-L1 and CL-K1 serum concentrations are correlated. We sequenced the promoter regions, exons and exon-intron boundaries of COLEC10 and COLEC11 in samples from Danish Caucasians and measured the corresponding serum levels of CL-L1 and CL-K1. The median concentration of CL-L1 and CL-K1 was 1.87 μg/ml (1.00-4.14 μg/ml) and 0.32 μg/ml (0.11-0.69 μg/ml), respectively. The level of CL-L1 strongly correlated with CL-K1 (ρ = 0.7405, P <0.0001). Both genes were highly conserved with the majority of variations in the non-coding regions. Three non-synonymous variations were tested: COLEC10 Glu78Asp (rs150828850, minor allele frequency (MAF): 0.003), COLEC10 Arg125Trp (rs149331285, MAF: 0.007) and COLEC11 His219Arg (rs7567833, MAF: 0.033). Carriers of COLEC10 Arg125Trp had increased CL-L1 serum levels (P = 0.0478), whereas promoter polymorphism COLEC11-9570C>T (rs3820897) was associated with decreased levels of CL-K1 (P = 0.044). In conclusion, COLEC10 and COLEC11 are highly conserved, which may reflect biological importance of CL-L1 and CL-K1. Moreover, the strong inter individual correlation between the two proteins suggests that a major proportion are found as heterooligomers or subjected to the same regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maiken Lumby Henriksen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Storm
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Munthe-Fog
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zupin L, Polesello V, Casalicchio G, Freato N, Maestri I, Comar M, Crovella S, Segat L. MBL2 polymorphisms in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. J Med Virol 2015; 87:851-9. [PMID: 25693844 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with high risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main known cause of cervical cancer. HPV induces different grades of lesions: among them, Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance are abnormal lesions that could evolve in pre-cancer lesions or spontaneously regress. The mannose binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immunity serum protein also found in cervico-vaginal mucosa, whose expression is known to be affected by polymorphisms in exon 1 and promoter of the MBL2 gene. In the present study the possible association between MBL2 functional polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was investigated in a group of women from North-East of Italy, stratified for HPV infection status. The MBL2 D and O alleles and the deficient producer combined genotypes, responsible for low MBL production, were more represented among atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance positive women than healthy controls and the results were confirmed when only HPV negative samples were considered. These results suggest a possible involvement of MBL2 functional polymorphisms in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Proteinases in excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis second-stage larvae: zymography and modeling insights. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:418708. [PMID: 25197645 PMCID: PMC4150453 DOI: 10.1155/2014/418708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Components released in excretory-secretory products of Toxocara canis larvae (TES) include phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (TES26), mucins (TES120, MUC2-5), and C-type lectins (TES32, TES70) and their biochemical, immunological, and diagnostic properties have been extensively studied albeit proteinase activities towards physiological substrates are almost unknown. Proteolytic activities in TES samples were first analyzed by gel electrophoresis with gelatin as substrate. Major activities of ~400, 120, and 32 kDa in TES were relatively similar over a broad pH range (5.5–9.0) and all these were of the serine-type as leupeptin abolished gelatinolysis. Further, the ~400 kDa component degraded all physiological substrates tested (laminin, fibronectin, albumin, and goat IgG) and the 120 kDa component degraded albumin and goat IgG while proteinases of lower MW (45, 32, and 26 kDa) only degraded laminin and fibronectin, preferentially at alkaline pH (9.0). By protein modeling approaches using the known sequences of TES components, only TES26 and MUC4 displayed folding patterns significantly related to reference serine proteinases. These data suggest that most of serine proteinase activities secreted in vitro by infective larvae of T. canis have intriguing nature but otherwise help the parasite to affect multiple components of somatic organs and bodily fluids within the infected host.
Collapse
|
49
|
Swierzko AS, Szala A, Sawicki S, Szemraj J, Sniadecki M, Sokolowska A, Kaluzynski A, Wydra D, Cedzynski M. Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) in women with malignant and benign ovarian tumours. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:1129-40. [PMID: 25038892 PMCID: PMC4209098 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) is a serum pattern recognition molecule, able to activate complement in association with MASP proteases. Serum levels of MBL and MASP-2, activities of MBL-MASP complexes, single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MBL2 and MASP2 genes and/or their specific mRNA expression in ovarian sections were investigated in 128 patients suffering from primary ovarian cancer (OC) and compared with 197 controls (C), encompassing both patients with benign ovarian tumours (n = 123) and others with no ovarian pathology (n = 74). MBL deficiency-associated genotypes were more common among OC patients than among controls. The O/O group of genotypes was associated with ovarian cancer (OR 3.5, p = 0.02). In A/A homozygotes, MBL concentrations and activities were elevated in the OC group and correlated with C-reactive protein. Moreover, high MBL serum levels were associated with more advanced disease stage. No differences in distribution of the MASP2 +359 A>G (D120G) SNP or MASP-2 serum levels were found between cancer patients and their controls. However, the highest frequency of the A/G (MASP2) and LXA/O or O/O (MBL2) genotypes was found among OC patients with tumours of G1-2 grade (well/moderately differentiated). Furthermore, MBL deficiency-associated genotypes predicted prolonged survival. None of the parameters investigated correlated with CA125 antigen or patients' age. The local expression of MBL2 and MASP2 genes was higher in women with ovarian cancer compared with controls. It is concluded that the expression of MBL and MASP-2 is altered in ovarian cancer, possibly indicating involvement of the lectin pathway of complement activation in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna St Swierzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pągowska-Klimek I, Cedzyński M. Mannan-binding lectin in cardiovascular disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:616817. [PMID: 24877121 PMCID: PMC4022110 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide so research continues into underlying mechanisms. Since innate immunity and its potent component mannan-binding lectin have been proven to play an important role in the inflammatory response during infection and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, attention has been paid to its role in the development of cardiovascular complications as well. This review provides a general outline of the structure and genetic polymorphism of MBL and its role in inflammation/tissue injury with emphasis on associations with cardiovascular disease. MBL appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and, in consequence, coronary artery disease and also inflammation and tissue injury after myocardial infarction and heart transplantation. The relationship between MBL and disease is rather complex and depends on different genetic and environmental factors. That could be why the data obtained from animal and clinical studies are sometimes contradictory proving not for the first time that innate immunity is a "double-edge sword," sometimes beneficial and, at other times disastrous for the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pągowska-Klimek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|