1
|
Yuan X, Yan F, Gao L, Ma Q, Wang J. Hypericin as a potential drug for treating Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes with a view to drug repositioning. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3307-3321. [PMID: 37183545 PMCID: PMC10580347 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two of the most common diseases in elderly population and they have a high rate of comorbidity. Study has revealed that T2D is a major risk factor of AD, and thus exploring therapeutic approaches that can target both diseases has drawn much interest in recent years. In this study, we tried to explore drugs that could be potentially used to prevent or treat both AD and T2D via a drug repositioning approach. METHODS We first searched the known drugs that may be effective to T2D treatment based on the network distance between the T2D-associated genes and drugs deposited in the DrugBank database. Then, via molecular docking, we further screened these drugs by examining their interaction with islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and Aβ42 peptide, the key components involved in the pathogenesis of T2D or AD. Finally, the binding between the selected drug candidates and the target proteins was verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; and the potential function of the drug candidates and the corresponding targets were analyzed. RESULTS From multiple resources, 734 T2D-associated genes were collected, and a list of 1109 drug candidates for T2D was obtained. We found that hypericin had the lowest binding energy and the most stable interaction with either IAPP or Aβ42 peptide. In addition, we also found that the target genes regulated by hypericin were differentially expressed in the tissues related to the two diseases. CONCLUSION Our results show that hypericin may be able to bind with IAPP and Aβ42 stably and prevent their accumulation, and thus could be a promising drug candidate for treating the comorbidity of AD and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Li‐Hui Gao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian‐Hui Ma
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ziyaei K, Abdi F, Mokhtari M, Daneshmehr MA, Ataie Z. Phycocyanin as a nature-inspired antidiabetic agent: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154964. [PMID: 37544212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceuticals have been important for more than two decades for their safety, efficacy, and outstanding effects. Diabetes is a major metabolic syndrome, which may be improved using nutritional pharmaceuticals. Some microalgae species, such as spirulina, stand out by providing biomass with exceptional nutritional properties. Spirulina has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mostly related to phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a protein compound with antidiabetic properties, known as a nutraceutical. OBJECTIVE This review delves into phycocyanin applications in diabetes and its complications and ascertains the mechanisms involved. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed (up to April 30, 2023), in which only animal and cellular studies were found. RESULTS According to animal studies, the administration of phycocyanin affected biochemical parameters (primary outcome) related to diabetes. These results showed an increase in fasting insulin serum and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. In cellular studies, though, phycocyanin prevented methylglyoxal and human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced dysfunction in β-cells and induced apoptosis through different molecular pathways (secondary outcome), including activation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and suppression of JNK and p38. Also, phycocyanin exerted its antidiabetic effect by affecting the pathways regulating hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Thus, based on the available information and literature, targeting these pathways by phycocyanin may unleash an array of benefits, including positive outcomes of the antidiabetic effects of phycocyanin as a nutraceutical. OTHER This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute of Health. The registration number is CRD42022307522.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Centre, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Department of Bioinformatics, Personalized Precision Medicine Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafailovska E, Tushevski O, Shijakova K, Simic SG, Kjovkarovska SD, Miova B. Hypericum perforatum L. extract exerts insulinotropic effects and inhibits gluconeogenesis in diabetic rats by regulating AMPK expression and PKCε concentration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115899. [PMID: 36336219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L., commonly known as St. John's Wort (SJW), represents one of the best-known and most thoroughly researched medicinal plant species. The ethnobotanical usage and bioactivities related to H. perforatum include treatment of skin diseases, wounds and burns, gastrointestinal problems, urogenital diseases and psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. In the last decade, many studies focused on the bioactive constituents responsible for the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activity of SJW extracts. However, the mechanism by which H. perforatum extract exhibits these properties is still unclear. Hence, the current study was designed to gain insight into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms by which wildly growing H. perforatum exerts its antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant material of H. perforatum was harvested from a natural population in the Republic of North Macedonia during full flowering season. Methanol (80% v/v) was used to extract bioactive components from HH powder. The dissolved HH dry extract (in 0.3% CMC) was given daily as a single treatment (200 mg/kg bw) during 14 days both in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. As a positive control, we applied glibenclamide. The activity of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate methabolisam in the liver were assessed, along with substrate concentration, as well as AMPK mRNA levels, PKCε concentration, plasma insulin level and pancreatic PARP activity. RESULTS Compared to diabetic rats, treatment of diabetic rats with HH extract resulted with decreased activity of hepatic enzymes glucose-6-phospatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, increased liver glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate content, which resulted with reduced blood glucose concentration up to normoglycaemia. Non-significant changes were observed in the activity of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phospahte dehydrogenase. HH-treatment also caused an increase in plasma insulin concentration and increase in pancreatic PARP activity. Finally, HH treatment of diabetic rats showed significant increase in AMPK expression and decrease of PKCε concentration. CONCLUSION We present in vivo evidence that HH- extract exert insulinotropic effects and regulate endogenous glucose production mostly by suppressing liver gluconeogenesis. The HH-treatment did not effected glycogenolysys and glycolysis. Finally, we confirm the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effect of HH-extract and the mechanism of this effect involves amelioration of AMPK and PKCε changes in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rafailovska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Oliver Tushevski
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Kristiana Shijakova
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Sonja Gadzovska Simic
- Laboratory of Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Suzana Dinevska Kjovkarovska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Biljana Miova
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Macedonia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li XX, Yan Y, Zhang J, Ding K, Xia CY, Pan XG, Shi YJ, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hyperforin: A natural lead compound with multiple pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113526. [PMID: 36442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. (Clusiaceae), commonly known as St. John's wort, has a rich historical background as one of the oldest and most widely studied herbal medicines. Hyperforin is the main antidepressant active ingredient of St. John's wort. In recent years, hyperforin has attached increasing attention due to its multiple pharmacological activities. In this review, the information on hyperforin was systematically summarized. Hyperforin is considered to be a lead compound with diverse pharmacological activities including anti-depression, anti-tumor, anti-dementia, anti-diabetes and others. It can be obtained by extraction and synthesis. Further pharmacological studies and more precise detection methods will help develop a value for hyperforin. In addition, structural modification and pharmaceutical preparation technology will be beneficial to promoting the research progress of hyperforin based innovative drugs. Although these works are full of known and unknown challenges, researchers are still expected to make hyperforin play a greater value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China; School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yan-Jing Shi
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cardile A, Zanrè V, Campagnari R, Asson F, Addo SS, Orlandi E, Menegazzi M. Hyperforin Elicits Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Activity in Human Melanoma Cell Lines, Inhibiting Pro-Survival NF-κB, STAT3, AP1 Transcription Factors and the Expression of Functional Proteins Involved in Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021263. [PMID: 36674794 PMCID: PMC9860844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperforin (HPF), the main component responsible for the antidepressant action of Hypericum perforatum, displays additional beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobic, and antitumor activities. Among its antitumor effects, HPF activity on melanoma is poorly documented. Melanoma, especially BRAF-mutated melanoma, is still a high-mortality tumor type and the currently available therapies do not provide solutions. We investigated HPF's antimelanoma effectiveness in A375, FO1 and SK-Mel-28 human BRAF-mutated cell lines. Cell viability assays documented that all melanoma cells were affected by low HPF concentrations (EC50% 2-4 µM) in a time-dependent manner. A Br-deoxy-uridine incorporation assay attested a significant reduction of cell proliferation accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin D1 and A2, CDK4 and of the Rb protein phosphorylation, as assessed by immunoblots. In addition, the expression of P21/waf1 and the activated form of P53 were increased in A375 and SK-Mel-28 cells. Furthermore, HPF exerts cytotoxic effects. Apoptosis is induced 24 h after HPF administration, documented by an increase of cleaved-PARP1 and a decrease of both Bcl2 and Bcl-xL expression levels. Autophagy is induced, attested by an augmented LC3B expression and augmentation of the activated form of AMPK. Moreover, HPF lowers GPX4 enzyme expression, suggesting ferroptosis induction. HPF has been reported to activate the TRPC6 Ca++ channel and/or Ca++ and Zn++ release from mitochondria stores, increasing cytosolic Ca++ and Zn++ concentrations. Our data highlighted that HPF affects many cell-signaling pathways, including signaling induced by Ca++, such as FRA1, pcJun and pCREB, the expression or activity of which are increased shortly after treatment. However, the blockage of the TRPC6 Ca++ channel or the use of Ca++ and Zn++ chelators do not hinder HPF cytostatic/cytotoxic activity, suggesting that damages induced in melanoma cells may pass through other pathways. Remarkably, 24 h after HPF treatment, the expression of activated forms of the transcription factors NF-κB P65 subunit and STAT3 are significantly lowered. Several cytosolic (PGM2, LDHA and pPKM2) and mitochondrial (UQCRC1, COX4 and ATP5B) enzymes are downregulated by HPF treatment, suggesting a generalized reduction of vital functions in melanoma cells. In line with these results is the recognized ability of HPF to affect mitochondrial membrane potential by acting as a protonophore. Finally, HPF can hinder both melanoma cell migration and colony formation in soft agar. In conclusion, we provide evidence of the pleiotropic antitumor effects induced by HPF in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cardile
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanrè
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Asson
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Solomon Saforo Addo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bajrai LH, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Alnahas RS, Sohrab SS, Rehan M, Azhar EI. In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21723. [PMID: 36522420 PMCID: PMC9754313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea are reported to have antiviral activities against several viral infections. In this study, H. perforatum (St. John's Wort) and Echinacea were tested in vitro using Vero E6 cells for their anti-viral effects against the newly identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through its infectious cycle from 0 to 48 h post infection. The hypericin of H. perforatum and the different parts (roots, seeds, aerial) of two types of Echinacea species (Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia) were tested for their anti-viral activities to measure the inhibition of viral load using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on cell culture assay. Interestingly, the H. perforatum-Echinacea mixture (1:1 ratio) of H. perforatum and Echinacea was tested as well on SARS-CoV-2 and showed crucial anti-viral activity competing H. perforatum then Echinacea effects as anti-viral treatment. Therefore, the results H. perforatum and Echinacea species, applied in this study showed significant anti-viral and virucidal effects in the following order of potency: H. perforatum, H. perforatum-Echinacea mixture, and Echinacea on SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle. Additionally, molecular simulation analysis of the compounds with essential proteins (Mpro and RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 revealed the most potent bioactive compounds such as Echinacin, Echinacoside, Cyanin, Cyanidin 3-(6''-alonylglucoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, Proanthocyanidins, Rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and Quercetin-3-O-xyloside. Thus, based on the outcome of this study, it is demanding the setup of clinical trial with specific therapeutic protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hussein Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherif Ali El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Majdi Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabig, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabie Saleh Alnahas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Basile G, Qadir MMF, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vetere A, Shoba V, Modell AE, Pastori RL, Russ HA, Wagner BK, Dominguez-Bendala J. Emerging diabetes therapies: Bringing back the β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101477. [PMID: 35331962 PMCID: PMC8987999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies are finally coming of age as a viable alternative to pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Several clinical trials using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived β-like cells are currently underway, with encouraging preliminary results. Remaining challenges notwithstanding, these strategies are widely expected to reduce our reliance on human isolated islets for transplantation procedures, making cell therapies available to millions of diabetic patients. At the same time, advances in our understanding of pancreatic cell plasticity and the molecular mechanisms behind β-cell replication and regeneration have spawned a multitude of translational efforts aimed at inducing β-cell replenishment in situ through pharmacological means, thus circumventing the need for transplantation. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss here the current state of the art in hESC transplantation, as well as the parallel quest to discover agents capable of either preserving the residual mass of β-cells or inducing their proliferation, transdifferentiation or differentiation from progenitor cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stem cell-based replacement therapies in the mold of islet transplantation are already around the corner, but a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes will likely require the endogenous regeneration of β-cells aided by interventions to restore the immune balance. The promise of current research avenues and a strong pipeline of clinical trials designed to tackle these challenges bode well for the realization of this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Basile
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M M F Qadir
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - F Mauvais-Jarvis
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Vetere
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Shoba
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - R L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - J Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Menegazzi M, Masiello P, Novelli M. Anti-Tumor Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hyperforin through Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling, ROS Generation and Proton Dynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010018. [PMID: 33379141 PMCID: PMC7824709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we review the mechanisms of the antitumor effects of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, SJW) and its main active component hyperforin (HPF). SJW extract is commonly employed as antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit monoamine neurotransmitters re-uptake. Moreover, further biological properties make this vegetal extract very suitable for both prevention and treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Regular use of SJW reduces colorectal cancer risk in humans and prevents genotoxic effects of carcinogens in animal models. In established cancer, SJW and HPF can still exert therapeutic effects by their ability to downregulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit pro-survival kinases, angiogenic factors and extracellular matrix proteases, thereby counteracting tumor growth and spread. Remarkably, the mechanisms of action of SJW and HPF include their ability to decrease ROS production and restore pH imbalance in tumor cells. The SJW component HPF, due to its high lipophilicity and mild acidity, accumulates in membranes and acts as a protonophore that hinders inner mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, inhibiting mitochondrial ROS generation and consequently tumor cell proliferation. At the plasma membrane level, HPF prevents cytosol alkalization and extracellular acidification by allowing protons to re-enter the cells. These effects can revert or at least attenuate cancer cell phenotype, contributing to hamper proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, several studies report that in tumor cells SJW and HPF, mainly at high concentrations, induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, likely by collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Based on these mechanisms, we highlight the SJW/HPF remarkable potentiality in cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7168
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novelli M, Masiello P, Beffy P, Menegazzi M. Protective Role of St. John's Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8108. [PMID: 33143088 PMCID: PMC7662691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a very common chronic disease with progressively increasing prevalence. Besides the well-known autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in many people, metabolic changes and inappropriate lifestyle favor a subtle chronic inflammatory state that contributes to development of insulin resistance and progressive loss of β-cell function and mass, eventually resulting in metabolic syndrome or overt type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, SJW) and its main active ingredients firstly in representative pathological situations on inflammatory basis and then in pancreatic β cells and in obese or diabetic animal models. The simultaneous and long-lasting inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction/death and insulin resistance make SJW particularly suitable for both preventive and therapeutic use in metabolic diseases. Hindrance of inflammatory cytokine signaling is likely dependent on the hyperforin content of SJW extract, but recent data reveal that hypericin can also exert relevant protective effects, mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, against high-fat-diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Actually, the mechanisms of action of the two main components of SJW appear complementary, strengthening the efficacy of the plant extract. Careful quantitative analysis of SJW components and suitable dosage, with monitoring of possible drug-drug interaction in a context of remarkable tolerability, are easily achievable pre-requisites for forthcoming clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pascale Beffy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hypericum perforatum L.: a medicinal plant with potential as a curative agent against obesity-associated complications. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8679-8686. [PMID: 33090307 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease that is getting increasingly common among adults and children and causes different complications. Insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and hypertension are among the major health problems, that are associated with obesity. Some medications are used to treat obese individuals and metabolic surgery is recommended, if appropriate, for individuals with a BMI ≥ 40. Due to the fact that medications and metabolic surgery are not tolerated by all, researchers focus on alternative therapies. Medicinal plants comprise the most important group of these alternative treatments. Hypericum perforatum L. is the medicinal plant, which we focused on in this study. Hypericum perforatum L. has been recognized as a medicinally valuable plant for over 2000 years. It has been used for generations to treat anxiety, depression, insomnia, gastritis, hemorrhoids, wounds, and burns. Recent studies have indeed shown promising effects for the treatment of obesity. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to mimic the adipocyte differentiation associated with obesity in cellular terms. Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1), Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) markers were used to study the lipid accumulation, and Collagen V (ColV) was used to study cell elasticity to investigate the relationship of the effects of the administration of Hypericum perforatum L. with obesity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Masiello P, Novelli M, Beffy P, Menegazzi M. Can Hypericum perforatum (SJW) prevent cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients? Phytother Res 2020; 34:1471-1473. [PMID: 32501634 PMCID: PMC7300500 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cianchetti S, Cardini C, Corti A, Menegazzi M, Darra E, Ingrassia E, Pompella A, Paggiaro P. The beclomethasone anti-inflammatory effect occurs in cell/mediator-dependent manner and is additively enhanced by formoterol: NFkB, p38, PKA analysis. Life Sci 2018; 203:27-38. [PMID: 29660434 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP/FOR) has been reported to be more effective than its separate components in airway disease control and in airway inflammation improvement. However, BDP/FOR effects on cytokine-induced inflammation in structural cells have not been described and whether these effects occur in a cell- and mediator-dependent manner has not been fully elucidated. We sought to evaluate BDP and/or FOR effects on endothelial ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-8 and on bronchial epithelial ICAM-1 and IL-8. Specific intracellular signaling pathways were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface adhesion molecule expression and IL-8 release induced by TNF-alpha were measured by ELISA. Intracellular signaling pathways were investigated by a) EMSA and Western blot analysis to evaluate NF-κB DNA-binding and MAPK-p38 phosphorylation; b) PDTC/SB203580 as NF-κB/p38 inhibitors; c) forskolin/H-89 as PKA activator/inhibitor. KEY FINDINGS BDP/FOR additively reduced endothelial E-selectin and IL-8 as well as bronchial epithelial ICAM-1 and IL-8. BDP/FOR and SB203580 showed the highest inhibitory effect on epithelial IL-8, whereas endothelial ICAM-1 was never affected by BDP/FOR and PDTC. TNF-alpha-induced NF-κB DNA-binding and MAPK-p38 phosphorylation were not influenced by BDP/FOR. Forskolin mimicked FOR effects; H-89 partially reversed the BDP/FOR inhibition in a mediator-dependent manner. SIGNIFICANCE The BDP/FOR inhibition degree was related to the inflammatory mediator- and cell-type considered. FOR additively enhanced BDP effects by partially involving both dependent- and independent-PKA mechanisms. Our results might contribute to highlight the strong relationship between specific molecular pathways and different sensitivity to the corticosteroid/β2-agonist effects and to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the BDP/FOR anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Cianchetti
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cardini
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Darra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zoico E, Darra E, Rizzatti V, Budui S, Franceschetti G, Mazzali G, Rossi AP, Fantin F, Menegazzi M, Cinti S, Zamboni M. Adipocytes WNT5a mediated dedifferentiation: a possible target in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20223-35. [PMID: 26958939 PMCID: PMC4991449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant epidemiological association between obesity and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has previously been described, as well as a correlation between the degree of pancreatic steatosis, PDAC risk and prognosis. The underlying mechanisms are still not completely known. After co-culture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and MiaPaCa2 with an in vitro transwell system we observed the appearance of fibroblast-like cells, along with a decrease in number and size of remaining adipocytes. RT-PCR analyses of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-culture showed a decrease in gene expression of typical markers of mature adipocytes, in parallel with an increased expression of fibroblast-specific and reprogramming genes. We found an increased WNT5a gene and protein expression early in MiaPaCa2 cells in co-culture. Additionally, EMSA of c-Jun and AP1 in 3T3-L1 demonstrated an increased activation in adipocytes after co-culture. Treatment with WNT5a neutralizing antibody completely reverted the activation of c-Jun and AP1 observed in co-cultured adipocytes. Increasing doses of recombinant SFRP-5, a competitive inhibitor for WNT5a receptor, added to the co-culture medium, were able to block the dedifferentiation of adipocytes in co-culture. These data support a WNT5a-mediated dedifferentiation process with adipocytes reprogramming toward fibroblast-like cells that might profoundly influence cancer microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Darra
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vanni Rizzatti
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Franceschetti
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity-University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Novelli M, Beffy P, Gregorelli A, Porozov S, Mascia F, Vantaggiato C, Masiello P, Menegazzi M. Persistence of STAT-1 inhibition and induction of cytokine resistance in pancreatic β cells treated with St John's wort and its component hyperforin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:93-103. [PMID: 28990659 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES St John's wort extract (SJW) and its component hyperforin (HPF) were shown to potently inhibit cytokine-induced STAT-1 and NF-κB activation in pancreatic β cells and protect them against injury. This study aimed at exploring the time course of STAT-1 inhibition afforded by these natural compounds in the β-cell line INS-1E. METHODS INS-1E cells were pre-incubated with SJW extract (2-5 μg/ml) or HPF (0.5-2 μm) and then exposed to a cytokine mixture. In some experiments, these compounds were added after or removed before cytokine exposure. STAT-1 activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, apoptosis by caspase-3 activity assay, mRNA gene expression by RT-qPCR. KEY FINDINGS Pre-incubation with SJW/HPF for 1-2 h exerted a remarkable STAT-1 downregulation, which was maintained upon removal of the compounds before early or delayed cytokine addition. When the protective compounds were added after cell exposure to cytokines, between 15 and 90 min, STAT-1 inhibition also occurred at a progressively decreasing extent. Upon 24-h incubation, SJW and HPF counteracted cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction, apoptosis and target gene expression. CONCLUSIONS SJW and HPF confer to β cells a state of 'cytokine resistance', which can be elicited both before and after cytokine exposure and safeguards these cells from deleterious cytokine effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alex Gregorelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Svetlana Porozov
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
St. John’s wort extract and hyperforin inhibit multiple phosphorylation steps of cytokine signaling and prevent inflammatory and apoptotic gene induction in pancreatic β cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Stage TB, Damkier P, Christensen MMH, Nielsen LBK, Højlund K, Brøsen K. Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Men Treated with St. John's Wort. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:219-24. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bjerregaard Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Per Damkier
- Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Hougaard Christensen
- Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | | | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Endocrinology; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Kim Brøsen
- Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stage TB, Pedersen RS, Damkier P, Christensen MMH, Feddersen S, Larsen JT, Højlund K, Brøsen K. Intake of St John's wort improves the glucose tolerance in healthy subjects who ingest metformin compared with metformin alone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 79:298-306. [PMID: 25223504 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our objective was to investigate the steady-state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the antidepressive herbal medicine St John's wort and the antidiabetic drug metformin. METHODS We performed an open cross-over study in 20 healthy male subjects, who received 1 g of metformin twice daily for 1 week with and without 21 days of preceding and concomitant treatment with St John's wort. The pharmacokinetics of metformin was determined, and a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test was performed. RESULTS St John's wort decreased the renal clearance of metformin but did not affect any other metformin pharmacokinetic parameter. The addition of St John's wort decreased the area under the glucose concentration-time curve [702 (95% confidence interval, 643-761) vs. 629 min*mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 568-690), P = 0.003], and this effect was caused by a statistically significant increase in the acute insulin response. CONCLUSIONS St John's wort improves glucose tolerance by enhancing insulin secretion independently of insulin sensitivity in healthy male subjects taking metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Bjerregaard Stage
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Interactions between herbs and antidiabetics: an overview of the mechanisms, evidence, importance, and management. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1281-98. [PMID: 25475096 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative therapies are quickly gaining importance because they are perceived to be free of side effects due to their natural origin. However, herbal remedies are complex mixtures of bioactive entities, which may interact with prescription drugs through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms and sometimes result in life-threatening consequences. In particular, diabetes patients are often treated with multiple medications due to different comorbidities, and such patients use antidiabetic medications for their entire lives; thus, it is important to make the public aware of herb interactions with antidiabetic drugs. In this paper, we summarize the reports available on the interaction of herbal remedies with oral hypoglycemic agents and describe mechanisms, preclinical or clinical evidence, importance, and management strategies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Orhan IE, Kartal M, Gülpinar AR, Yetkin G, Orlikova B, Diederich M, Tasdemir D. Inhibitory effect of St. John׳s Wort oil macerates on TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and their fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1086-1092. [PMID: 24993886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The oil macerates of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John׳s Wort=SJW) have a long history of medicinal use and SJW has been used in traditional medicine both orally and topically for centuries worldwide mainly for wound healing, ulcer and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the fatty acid composition of 10 traditionally (home-made) and 13 commercially (ready-made) prepared SJW oil macerates by GC-MS. The acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification values, and the unsaponifiable matters of the samples were determined according to the European Pharmacopoeia. We also explored potential mechanism of wound healing effect of the samples, i.e. TNFα-induced NF-κB activation. RESULTS The most home-made oil samples contained oleic acid predominantly and complied with the requirements set for olive oil by European Pharmacopoeia. However, majority of the ready-made samples appeared to have adulteration with some other oils. Moderate NF-κB inhibitory effects have been observed with some of the oil samples. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the fact that application of the proper traditional method to prepare olive oil macerates from Hypericum perforatum is able to get bioactive constituents in the oil. Besides, inhibition of TNFα-induced NF-κB activation appears to be a potential mechanism for topical wound healing activity of SJW oil macerates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Rifat Gülpinar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülin Yetkin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hyperforin attenuates microglia activation and inhibits p65-Ser276 NFκB phosphorylation in the rat piriform cortex following status epilepticus. Neurosci Res 2014; 85:39-50. [PMID: 24881563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperforin, a lipophilic constituent of medicinal herb St. John's Wort, has neurobiological effects including antidepressant activity, antibiotic potency, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-tumoral properties. Furthermore, hyperforin activates transient receptor potential conical channel-6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel. To elucidate the roles of hyperforin and TRPC6 in neuroinflammation in vivo, we investigated the effect of hyperforin on neuroinflammatory responses and its related events in the rat piriform cortex (PC) following status epilepticus (SE). Hyperforin attenuated microglial activation, p65-serine 276 NFκB phosphorylation, and suppressed TNF-α expression in the PC following SE. Hyperforin also effectively alleviated SE-induced vasogenic edema formation, neuronal damage, microglial TRPC6 induction and blood-derived monocyte infiltration. Our findings suggest that hyperforin may effectively attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the TRPC6-independent manner.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Effects of Fludarabine on Rat Cerebral Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:289-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Butturini E, Di Paola R, Suzuki H, Paterniti I, Ahmad A, Mariotto S, Cuzzocrea S. Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone, two natural sesquiterpene lactones, ameliorate the inflammatory process associated to experimental pleurisy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:107-15. [PMID: 24625594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of costunolide (CS) and dehydrocostuslactone (DCE) a well-known sesquiterpene lactones contained in many plants, in a model of lung injury induced by carrageenan administration in the mice. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity which contained a large number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) as well as an infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and increased production of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α). All parameters of inflammation were attenuated by CS and DCE (15mg/kg 10% DMSO i.p.) administered 1h before carrageenan. Carrageenan induced an up regulation of the intracellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin, as well as nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. The degree of staining for the ICAM-1, P-selectin, nitrotyrosine and PAR was reduced by CS and DCE. Additionally we show that this inflammatory events were associated with NF-κB and STAT3 activation and these sesquiterpenes down-regulated it. Taken together, ours results clearly shown that CS and DCE may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Butturini
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Hisanori Suzuki
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vetere A, Choudhary A, Burns SM, Wagner BK. Targeting the pancreatic β-cell to treat diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:278-89. [PMID: 24525781 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and predicted to affect over 500 million people by 2030. However, this growing burden of disease has not been met with a comparable expansion in therapeutic options. The appreciation of the pancreatic β-cell as a central player in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has renewed focus on ways to improve glucose homeostasis by preserving, expanding and improving the function of this key cell type. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, with an emphasis on the most promising strategies identified to date for treating diabetes by targeting the β-cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology Program, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- 1] Chemical Biology Program, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. [2] Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sean M Burns
- Medical & Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology Program, Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Novelli M, Beffy P, Menegazzi M, De Tata V, Martino L, Sgarbossa A, Porozov S, Pippa A, Masini M, Marchetti P, Masiello P. St. John's wort extract and hyperforin protect rat and human pancreatic islets against cytokine toxicity. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:113-21. [PMID: 24121871 PMCID: PMC3923109 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-013-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort, SJW) and its component hyperforin (HPF) were previously shown to inhibit cytokine-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and nuclear factor κB and prevent apoptosis in a cultured β-cell line. Objective of this study was to assess the protection exerted by SJW and HPF on isolated rat and human islets exposed to cytokines in vitro. Functional, ultrastructural, biomolecular and cell death evaluation studies were performed. In both rat and human islets, SJW and HPF counteracted cytokine-induced functional impairment and down-regulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory target genes, such as iNOS, CXCL9, CXCL10, COX2. Cytokine-induced NO production from cultured islets, evaluated by nitrites measurement in the medium, was significantly reduced in the presence of the vegetal compounds. Noteworthy, the increase in apoptosis and necrosis following 48-h exposure to cytokines was fully prevented by SJW and partially by HPF. Ultrastructural morphometric analysis in human islets exposed to cytokines for 20 h showed that SJW or HPF avoided early β-cell damage (e.g., mitochondrial alterations and loss of insulin granules). In conclusion, SJW compounds protect rat and human islets against cytokine effects by counteracting key mechanisms of cytokine-mediated β-cell injury and represent promising pharmacological tools for prevention or limitation of β-cell dysfunction and loss in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pascale Beffy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Martino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Sgarbossa
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Svetlana Porozov
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Masini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Menegazzi M, Mariotto S, Dal Bosco M, Darra E, Vaiana N, Shoji K, Safwat AA, Marechal JD, Perahia D, Suzuki H, Romeo S. Direct interaction of natural and synthetic catechins with signal transducer activator of transcription 1 affects both its phosphorylation and activity. FEBS J 2013; 281:724-38. [PMID: 24255956 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits signal transducer activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation. Since EGCG may be a promising lead compound for new anti-STAT1 drug design, 15 synthetic catechins, characterized by the (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate stereochemistry, were studied in the human mammary MDA-MB-231 cell line to identify the minimal structural features that preserve the anti-STAT1 activity. We demonstrate that the presence of three hydroxyl groups of B ring and one hydroxyl group in D ring is essential to preserve their inhibitory action. Moreover, a possible molecular target of these compounds in the STAT1 pathway was investigated. Our results demonstrate a direct interaction between STAT1 protein and catechins displaying anti-STAT1 activity. In particular, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and molecular modeling indicate the presence of two putative binding sites (a and b) with different affinity. Based on docking data, site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and interaction of the most active catechins with STAT1 was studied with SPR to test whether Gln518 on site a and His568 on site b could be important for the catechin-STAT1 interaction. Data indicate that site b has higher affinity for catechins than site a as the highest affinity constant disappears in the H568A-STAT1 mutant. Furthermore, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) kinase assay data suggest that the contemporary presence in vitro of STAT1 and catechins inhibits JAK2-elicited STAT1 phosphorylation. The very tight catechin-STAT1 interaction prevents STAT1 phosphorylation and represents a novel, specific and efficient molecular mechanism for the inhibition of STAT1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Corti A, Bergamini G, Menegazzi M, Piaggi S, Bramanti E, Scataglini I, Cianchetti S, Paggiaro P, Melotti P, Pompella A. γ-Glutamyltransferase catabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione modulates IL-8 expression in cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:360-370. [PMID: 23820266 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous nitrosothiol involved in several pathophysiological processes. A role for GSNO has been envisaged in the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8; however, conflicting results have been reported. γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) enzyme activity can hydrolyze the γ-glutamyl bond present in the GSNO molecule thus greatly accelerating the release of bioactive nitric oxide. Expression of GGT is induced by oxidative stress, and activated neutrophils contribute to GGT increase in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung exudates by releasing GGT-containing microvesicles. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of GSNO catabolism mediated by GGT on production of IL-8 in CF transmembrane regulation protein-mutated IB3-1 bronchial cells. The rapid, GGT-catalyzed catabolism of GSNO caused a decrease in both basal and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-8 production in IB3-1 cells, by modulating both NF-κB and ERK1/2 pathways, along with a decrease in cell proliferation. In contrast, a slow decomposition of GSNO produced a significant increase in both cell proliferation and expression of IL-8, the latter possibly through p38-mediated stabilization of IL-8 mRNA. Our data suggest that the differential GSNO catabolism mediated by GGT enzyme activity can downregulate the production of IL-8 in CF cells. Hence, the role of GGT activity should be considered when evaluating GSNO for both in vitro and in vivo studies, the more so in the case of GSNO-based therapies for cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Bergamini
- Cystic Fibrosis Center-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM-UOS, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Scataglini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Cianchetti
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery and Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Melotti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abdulreda MH, Berggren PO. Islet inflammation in plain sight. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:105-16. [PMID: 24003927 PMCID: PMC3777660 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although, diabetes is reaching pandemic proportions, the exact aetiology of either type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains to be determined. Mounting evidence, however, suggests that islet inflammation is a likely common denominator during early development of either type of the disease. In this review, we highlight some of the inflammatory mechanisms that appear to be shared between T1D and T2D, and we explore the utility of intravital imaging in the study of islet inflammation. Intravital imaging has emerged as an indispensable tool in biomedical research and a variety of in vivo imaging approaches have been developed to study pancreatic islet physiology and pathophysiology in the native environment in health and disease. However, given the scattered distribution of the islets of Langerhans within the 'sea' of the exocrine pancreas located deep within the body and the fact that the islets only constitute 1-2% of the total volume of pancreatic tissue, studying the pancreatic islet in situ has been challenging. Here, we focus on a new experimental approach that enables studying local islet inflammation with single-cell resolution in the relevant context of the in vivo environment non-invasively and longitudinally and, thereby improving our understanding of diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midhat H. Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence details: The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1 SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden Phone +46 8 517 757 31, +46 70 729 5731 Fax +46 8 517 717 81
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Metabolic syndrome and inflammation: a critical review of in vitro and clinical approaches for benefit assessment of plant food supplements. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:782461. [PMID: 23533519 PMCID: PMC3600197 DOI: 10.1155/2013/782461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is defined as the clustering in an individual of several metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, in which low-grade chronic inflammatory activity is commonly observed. Part of the European Project PlantLIBRA is concerned with methods to assess the benefits of plant food supplements (PFSs) in countering inflammatory activity and metabolic syndrome. This paper summarizes the current methods used for benefit assessment of PFS, taking into consideration only in vitro, in silico, and clinical methodologies used to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of plants. No in silico studies (using computer simulation) related to metabolic syndrome were found; these methods appear to be used exclusively for identifying or testing potentially effective compounds in drug development. Most in vitro methods for the assessment of beneficial effects of botanicals or plant food supplements in diabetes were based on a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas the preferred kind of clinical study was the double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Only two parameters were observed to change after treatment with botanicals in both in vitro and in vivo studies: interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α, and these biomarkers should be carefully considered in future studies for PFS benefit assessment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Dai X, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Cai X, Li Y. Quercetin and quercitrin protect against cytokine‑induced injuries in RINm5F β-cells via the mitochondrial pathway and NF-κB signaling. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:265-71. [PMID: 23138875 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, existing mostly in its glycoside form quercitrin, is the most widely distributed flavonoid in nature. It possesses various potential effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory for cell damage of β-cells, however, studies on this topic are limited and controversial. In order to examine the effects of quercetin on type I diabetes mellitus, we investigated the role of quercetin/quercitrin in cytokine-induced β-cell injuries in RINm5F rat insulinoma cells. Cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and inflammation or apoptosis-associated protein expression were measured with or without quercetin/quercitrin treatment. We also compared the differences between the aglycone and the glycoside forms of quercetin, with the aim to shed some light on their structures and transportation into cells. The results showed that quercetin/quercitrin protected against cytokine-induced cell death, improved GSIS, and inhibited ROS as well as NO accumulation. These effects were associated with reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and inhibited translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Also, quercetin/quercitrin suppressed cytochrome c release from mitochondria and the following alteration of downstream proteins, suggesting that mitochondrial apoptosis was attenuated by quercetin treatment. In summary, quercetin and quercitrin are potential candidates to prevent β-cell death via the mitochondrial pathway and NF-κB signaling, and quercetin may be more efficacious than quercitrin as an anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ineedi S, Shakya A, Singh GK, Kumar V. Role of hyperforin in diabetes and its associated hyperlipidemia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2012.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Cumaoğlu A, Ari N, Kartal M, Karasu Ç. Polyphenolic extracts from Olea europea L. protect against cytokine-induced β-cell damage through maintenance of redox homeostasis. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:325-34. [PMID: 21745095 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pancreatic β-cell stressors, including cytokines, are known to induce oxidative stress, resulting in apoptotic/necrotic cell death and inhibition of insulin secretion. Traditionally, olive leaves or fruits are used for treating diabetes, but the cellular mechanism(s) of their effects are not known. We examined the effects of Olea europea L. (olive) leaf and fruit extracts and their component oleuropein on cytokine-induced β-cell toxicity. INS-1, an insulin-producing β-cell line, was preincubated with or without increasing concentrations of olive leaf or fruit extract or oleuropein for 24 hr followed by exposure to a cytokine cocktail containing 0.15 ng/mL interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 1 ng/mL interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and 1 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 6 hr. The cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) testing. Apoptosis was quantified by detecting acridine orange/ethidium bromide-stained condensed nuclei under a fluorescent microscope. The cells exposed to cytokines had a higher apoptotic rate, a decreased viability (MTT), and an increased caspase 3/7 activity. Both extracts and oleuropein partially increased the proportion of living cells and improved the viability of cells after cytokines. The protective effects of extracts on live cell viability were mediated through the suppression of caspase 3/7 activity. Oleuropein did not decrease the amount of both apoptotic and necrotic cells, whereas extracts significantly protected cells against cytokine-induced death. Cytokines led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibited glutathione level, superoxide dismutase activity, and insulin secretion in INS-1. Insulin secretion was almost completely protected by leaf extract, but was partially affected by fruit extract or oleuropein. Neither cytokines nor olive derivatives had a significant effect on cellular cytochrome c release and catalase activity. Moreover, the cells incubated with each extract or oleuropein showed a significant reduction in cytokine-induced ROS production and ameliorated abnormal antioxidant defense. The molecular mechanism by which olive polyphenols inhibit cytokine-mediated β-cell toxicity appears to be involving the maintenance of redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cumaoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Butturini E, Cavalieri E, Carcereri de Prati A, Darra E, Rigo A, Shoji K, Murayama N, Yamazaki H, Watanabe Y, Suzuki H, Mariotto S. Two naturally occurring terpenes, dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide, decrease intracellular GSH content and inhibit STAT3 activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20174. [PMID: 21625597 PMCID: PMC3097233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study is to envisage the molecular mechanism of
inhibitory action ofdehydrocostuslactone (DCE) andcostunolide (CS), two
naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones, towards the activation of signal
transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We report that, in human
THP-1 cell line, they inhibit IL-6-elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3
and its DNA binding activity with EC50 of 10 µM with
concomitantdown-regulation ofthe phosphorylation of the tyrosine Janus kinases
JAK1, JAK2 and Tyk2. Furthermore, these compounds that contain an
α-β-unsatured carbonyl moiety and function as potent Michael reaction
acceptor, induce a rapid drop in intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration
by direct interaction with it, thereby triggering
S-glutathionylation of STAT3. Dehydrocostunolide (HCS), the
reduced form of CS lacking only the α-β-unsaturated carbonyl group,
fails to exert any inhibitory action. Finally, the glutathione ethylene ester
(GEE), the cell permeable GSH form, reverts the inhibitory action of DCE and CS
on STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. We conclude that these two sesquiterpene
lactones are able to induce redox-dependent post-translational modification of
cysteine residues of STAT3 protein in order to regulate its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Butturini
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Cavalieri
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | | | - Elena Darra
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kazuo Shoji
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida,
Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Suzuki
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Husain GM, Chatterjee SS, Singh PN, Kumar V. Hypolipidemic and Antiobesity-Like Activity of Standardised Extract of Hypericum perforatum L. in Rats. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 2011:505247. [PMID: 22084716 PMCID: PMC3197179 DOI: 10.5402/2011/505247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is known to have diverse medicinal uses for centuries. The antidepressant activity of Hypericum perforatum is widely accepted and proved in both animal and clinical studies. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Hypericum perforatum in a battery of animal models for metabolic disorder. Hypericum is tested for hypolipidemic activity in normal rats, antiobesity activity in high-fat-diet induced obese rats, and fructose-fed rats. Hypericum was orally administered as suspension in 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 15 consecutive days. Hypericum significantly lowered total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol in normal rats. Hypericum significantly inhibited weight gain in high-fat-fed rats. In fructose-fed rats, Hypericum normalised the dyslipidemia induced by fructose feeding and improved the insulin sensitivity. Taken together, Hypericum could be the antidepressant therapy of choice for patients suffering from comorbid diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Mohammed Husain
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of the water extracts of several Hypericum species. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
35
|
Kraus B, Wolff H, Elstner EF, Heilmann J. Hyperforin is a modulator of inducible nitric oxide synthase and phagocytosis in microglia and macrophages. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:541-53. [PMID: 20369228 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon activation, microglia, the immunocompetent cells in the brain, get highly phagocytic and release pro-inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (NO). Excessive NO production is pivotal in neurodegenerative disorders, and there is evidence that abnormalities in NO production and inflammatory responses may at least support a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. Although extracts of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, notably for the treatment of depression, there is still considerable lack in scientific knowledge about the impact on microglia. We used N11 and BV2 mouse microglia, as well as RAW 264.7 macrophages to investigate the effects of St. John's wort extract and constituents thereof on NO production Moreover, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were employed to analyze the influence on phagocytosis, transcription factor activation states, and cell motility. We found that extracts of St. John's wort efficiently suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced NO release and identified hyperforin as the responsible compound, being effective at concentrations between 0.25 and 0.75 microM. The reduced NO production was mediated by diminished inducible nitric oxide synthase expression on the mRNA and protein level. In addition, at similar concentrations, hyperforin reduced zymosan phygocytosis to 20-40% and putatively acted by downregulating the CD206 macrophage mannose receptor and modulation of cell motility. We found that the observed effects correlate with a suppression of the activated state of Nf-kappaB and phospho-CREB, while c-JUN, STAT1, and HIF-1alpha activity and cyclooxygenase-2 expression remained unaffected by hyperforin. These results reveal that hyperforin influences pro-inflammatory and immunological responses of microglia that are involved in the progression of neuropathologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li XL, Xu G, Chen T, Wong YS, Zhao HL, Fan RR, Gu XM, Tong PC, Chan JC. Phycocyanin protects INS-1E pancreatic beta cells against human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis through attenuating oxidative stress and modulating JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1526-35. [PMID: 19166964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
37
|
Lorusso G, Vannini N, Sogno I, Generoso L, Garbisa S, Noonan DM, Albini A. Mechanisms of Hyperforin as an anti-angiogenic angioprevention agent. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1474-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|