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Dhavalikar P, Jenkins D, Rosen N, Kannapiran A, Salhadar K, Shachaf O, Silverstein M, Cosgriff-Hernández E. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-modified porous bone grafts with improved cell attachment. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10651-10664. [PMID: 37878081 PMCID: PMC10650276 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion-templated foams have displayed promise as injectable bone grafts; however, the use of a surfactant as an emulsifier resulted in relatively small pores and impedes cell attachment. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were explored as an alternative stabilizer to address these limitations. To this end, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were first modified with myristic acid to generate the appropriate balance of hydrophobicity to stabilize a water-in-oil emulsion of neopentyl glycol diacrylate and 1,4-butanedithiol. In situ surface modification of the resulting foam with hydroxyapatite was confirmed with elemental mapping and transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle-stabilized foams displayed improved human mesenchymal stem cell viability (91 ± 5%) over surfactant-stabilized foams (23 ± 11%). Although the pore size was appropriate for bone grafting applications (115 ± 71 μm), the foams lacked the interconnected architecture necessary for cell infiltration. We hypothesized that a co-stabilization approach with both surfactant and nanoparticles could be used to achieve interconnected pores while maintaining improved cell attachment and larger pore sizes. A range of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle and surfactant concentrations were investigated to determine the effects on microarchitecture and cell behavior. By balancing these interactions, a co-stabilized foam was identified that possessed large, interconnected pores (108 ± 67 μm) and improved cell viability and attachment. The co-stabilized foam was then evaluated as an injectable bone graft including network formation, microscale integration with bone, push out strength, and compressive properties. Overall, this work demonstrated that in situ surface modification with nHA improved cell attachment while retaining desirable bone grafting features and injectability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Dhavalikar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Dana Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Natalie Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Aparajith Kannapiran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Karim Salhadar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Orren Shachaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
| | - Michael Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, Room 3.503D, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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2
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Lu T, Zhang J, Yuan X, Tang C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xiong K, Ye J. Enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis of calcium phosphate cement incorporated with zinc silicate by synergy effect of zinc and silicon ions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112490. [PMID: 34857276 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with good injectability and osteoconductivity plays important roles in bone grafting application. Much attention has been paid to achieve multifunctionality through incorporating trace elements into CPC. Silicon and zinc can be used as additives to endow CPC with biological functions of osteogenesis, angiogenesis and anti-osteoclastogenesis. In this study, zinc and silicate ions were co-incorporated into CPC through mixing with submicron zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4, ZS) to obtain zinc silicate-modified CPCs (ZS/CPCs) with different contents. The results revealed that the addition of ZS increased the compressive strength, prolonged the setting time, and densified the structure of CPC. Low addition content of ZS facilitated the formation of surface apatite layer in the early mineralization stage. Incorporating ZS significantly induced osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and moreover, restricted osteoclastogenesis of Raw 264.7 in vitro. Silicate and zinc ions could be steadily released from ZS/CPCs into the culture medium. With the synergistic effect of silicate and zinc ions, ZS/CPCs provided an appropriate microenvironment for the immune cells to facilitate the osteogenesis of mBMSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs further. Taken together, it can be concluded that incorporating ZS is an effective way to endow CPC with multifunctionality and better bone regeneration for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teliang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Medprin Regenerative Medical Technologies Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xinyuan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chenyu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li D, Yuan Q, Xiong L, Li A, Xia Y. The miR-4739/DLX3 Axis Modulates Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC) Osteogenesis Affecting Osteoporosis Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:703167. [PMID: 34925225 PMCID: PMC8678599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.703167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial disorder linked to various risk factors and medical conditions. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) dysfunction potentially plays a critical role in osteoporosis pathogenesis. Herein, the study identified that miR-4739 was upregulated in BMSC cultures harvested from osteoporotic subjects. BMSCs were isolated from normal and osteoporotic bone marrow tissues and identified for their osteogenic differentiation potential. In osteoporotic BMSCs, miR-4739 overexpression significantly inhibited cell viability, osteoblast differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and heterotopic bone formation, whereas miR-4739 inhibition exerted opposite effects. Through direct binding, miR-4739 inhibited distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3) expression. In osteoporotic BMSCs, DLX3 knockdown also inhibited BMSC viability and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, DLX3 knockdown partially attenuated the effects of miR-4739 inhibition upon BMSCs. Altogether, the miR-4739/DLX3 axis modulates the capacity of BMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, which potentially plays a role in osteoporosis pathogenesis. The in vivo and clinical functions of the miR-4739/DLX3 axis require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ding Li,
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aoyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Dentin-Derived Inorganic Minerals Promote the Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Applications for Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8889731. [PMID: 33293964 PMCID: PMC7691015 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8889731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral and maxillofacial bone loss is highly prevalent among populations, and nowadays, increased attention has been focused on dentin derivatives serving as desirable graft materials for bone regeneration. In this study, dentin-derived inorganic mineral (DIM) was fabricated with a high-temperature calcination technique and the effects of DIM on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the bone formation were elucidated. Methods The effects of DIM on BMMSC proliferation and apoptosis capacity were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and EdU assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and osteogenic marker expression analysis were performed to investigate the influence of DIM on the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, as well as the relevant signal mechanisms. The model of critical-sized defects in the calvarium of rats was constructed for exploring the in vivo efficiency of DIM on bone regeneration. Results Cell viability assays indicated that DIM had no cytotoxicity. BMMSCs cultured with DIM presented a higher level of osteogenic differentiation ability than those in the control group. The activation in ERK and p38 signals was detected in DIM-treated BMMSCs, and both pathways and osteogenic process were suppressed while using ERK inhibitor U0126 and p38 inhibitor SB203580, respectively. Furthermore, the animal experiments revealed that DIM could dramatically enhance new bone formation compared to the control group. Conclusion DIM could promote BMMSC osteogenic differentiation via triggering the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and might be a novel predictable material for facilitating bone formation.
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Bose S, Ke D, Vu AA, Bandyopadhyay A, Goodman SB. Thermal Oxide Layer Enhances Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties for Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Biomedical Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33465-33472. [PMID: 32530603 PMCID: PMC8009493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic implants in vivo remains a significant challenge for load-bearing orthopedic implants despite their excellent mechanical and osteoconductive properties. This study focuses on oxide layer formation on the surface of Ti6Al4V samples through furnace heating at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 10 min for optimization of the most effective oxide layer to increase plasma coating crystallinity and improve plasma coating bond strength with the metal surface. The 800 °C heat treatment shows an effective oxide layer which increases coating crystallinity from 64 to 75% and coating adhesive bond strength from 25.9 ± 2.3 to 30.7 ± 1.1 MPa, while simultaneously reducing the dissolution rate of HA coatings. The addition of biologically relevant dopants, MgO and SiO2, show negligible effects on crystallinity and adhesive bond strength on plasma-sprayed HA coatings and additionally show an enhancement effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the inclusion of these additivess shows an increase in osteogenesis in a rat distal femur model after 6 and 10 weeks of implantation. Overall, this study provides a direct solution to improve the crystallinity, adhesive bond strength, and osteogenic properties of plasma-sprayed HA coatings on orthopedic implants that is more manufacturable and translational from research to an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Dongxu Ke
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Ashley A Vu
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine Outpatient Center, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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6
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Verma P, Verma V. Concepts of tissue engineering. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Jin F, Li G, Sun Y, Wang X. High-glucose-induced miR-214-3p inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:143. [PMID: 31728209 PMCID: PMC6851127 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune insulin-dependent disease associated with destructive bone homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has proven that miRNAs are widely involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis. However, whether miRNAs also regulate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in T1DM mice is under exploration. In this study, miRNA microarray was utilized to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs, which uncovered that miR-214-3p potentially inhibited BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in T1DM mice. We found that high glucose suppressed BMSCs osteogenic differentiation with significant elevation of the miR-214-3p expression. Further study found that the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited by AgomiR-214-3p while enhanced by AntagomiR-214-3p in BMSCs supplemented with high glucose. Moreover, we found that miR-214-3p knockout T1DM mice were resistant to high-glucose-induced bone loss. These results provide a novel insight into an inhibitory role of high-glucose-induced miR-214-3p in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Molecular studies revealed that miR-214-3p inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by targeting the 3′-UTR of β-catenin, which was further corroborated in human bone specimens and BMSCs of T1DM patients. Taken together, our study discovered that miR-214-3p is a pivotal regulator of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation in T1DM mice. Our findings also suggest that miR-214-3p could be a potential target in the treatment of bone disorders in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongze Wang
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxu Zhang
- 2Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- 2Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongchen Li
- 4Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Sun
- 4Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,5Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is currently a mature methodology from a research perspective. Moreover, modeling and simulation of involved processes and phenomena in BTE have been proved in a number of papers to be an excellent assessment tool in the stages of design and proof of concept through in-vivo or in-vitro experimentation. In this paper, a review of the most relevant contributions in modeling and simulation, in silico, in BTE applications is conducted. The most popular in silico simulations in BTE are classified into: (i) Mechanics modeling and scaffold design, (ii) transport and flow modeling, and (iii) modeling of physical phenomena. The paper is restricted to the review of the numerical implementation and simulation of continuum theories applied to different processes in BTE, such that molecular dynamics or discrete approaches are out of the scope of the paper. Two main conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper: First, the great potential and advantages that in silico simulation offers in BTE, and second, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further validate numerical models developed in BTE.
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9
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miR-149-3p Regulates the Switch between Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs by Targeting FTO. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:590-600. [PMID: 31382190 PMCID: PMC6690430 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been suggested to possess the capacity to differentiate into different cell lineages. Maintaining a balanced stem cell differentiation program is crucial to the bone microenvironment and bone development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have played a critical role in regulating the differentiation of BMSCs into particular lineage. However, the role of miR-149-3p in the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs has not been extensively discovered. In this study, we aimed to detect the expression levels of miR-149-3p during the differentiation of BMSCs and investigate whether miR-149-3p participated in the lineage choice of BMSCs or not. Compared with mimic-negative control (NC), miR-149-3p mimic decreased the adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs and increased the osteogenic differentiation potential. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-149-3p repressed the expression of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene through binding to the 3ʹ UTR of the FTO mRNA. Also, the role of miR-149-3p mimic in inhibiting adipogenic lineage differentiation and potentiating osteogenic lineage differentiation was mainly through targeting FTO, which also played an important role in regulating body weight and fat mass. In addition, BMSCs treated with miR-149-3p anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO) exhibited higher potential to differentiate into adipocytes and lower tendency to differentiate into osteoblasts compared with BMSCs transfected with NC. In summary, our results detected the effects of miR-149-3p in cell fate specification of BMSCs and revealed that miR-149-3p inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs via a miR-149-3p/FTO regulatory axis. This study provided cellular and molecular insights into the observation that miR-149-3p was a prospective candidate gene for BMSC-based bone tissue engineering in treating osteoporosis.
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Vu AA, Robertson SF, Ke D, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Mechanical and biological properties of ZnO, SiO 2, and Ag 2O doped plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coating for orthopaedic and dental applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:325-335. [PMID: 31082568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored a ternary dopant system utilizing 0.25 wt% ZnO to induce osteogenesis, 0.5 wt% SiO2 to induce angiogenesis, and 2.0 wt% Ag2O to provide secondary infection control within a plasma assisted hydroxyapatite coating for orthopaedic or dental applications. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of ZnO, SiO2, and Ag2O dopants on the mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium (Ti). Coatings were deposited using a 30 kW plasma spray system equipped with a supersonic nozzle to produce above standard coating bond strengths of 24 ± 2 MPa on Ti6Al4V and 22 ± 1 MPa on commercially pure Ti substrates. Antibacterial properties were revealed in vitro against E. coli and S. aureus. The ternary dopant system was implanted in 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats with timepoints of 5 and 10 weeks. By week 5, ZnSiAg-HA produced 32% bone mineralization of 68% total bone formation compared to only 11% bone mineralization of 55% total bone formation in the undoped coating. This system can be employed for replacement surgeries and revision surgeries to reduce healing time and enhance osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Total hip replacements increased 124% from 2000 to 2010 with an ever-increasing rate due to the rise in average life span and an escalation in surgeries for young patients. Replacement surgeries come with the risk of rejection, poor integration, and infection. This study incorporates biologically relevant metallic oxides of ZnO, SiO2, and Ag2O within a hydroxyapatite coating on titanium deposited using a radio frequency induction plasma spray. A ternary dopant system has not been explored in the current literature and little is known about these particular dopants in vivo. This proposed system can be employed for replacement surgeries to lower healing time and enhance osseointegration between implant and host tissue.
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11
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Wang D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yan L, Zaat SAJ, Wismeijer D, Pathak JL, Wu G. A dual functional bone-defect-filling material with sequential antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for infected bone defect repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2360-2370. [PMID: 31173657 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infected bone defect healing is hindered by infection and compromised bone regenerative capacity. In this study, we designed a dual functional bone-defect-filling material with a sequential release system, that is, a burst release of a potent antibacterial agent, hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), followed by a controlled release of osteoinductive bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) to repair the infected bone defect. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of HACC against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 40 μg/mL. HACC at 40 μg/mL did not affect preosteoblast proliferation and did not influence the BMP2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, and matrix mineralization. in vitro release profile revealed burst release of HACC followed by a slow release of BMP2. in vivo bone formation was observed only in the BMP2-containing groups. HACC did not influence of biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) resorption and BMP2-induced bone formation. In conclusion, the optimized HACC/BMP2-incorporated BioCaP complex showed strong antibacterial effect and robustly enhanced osteoinduction both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Vu AA, Bose S. Vitamin D 3 Release from Traditionally and Additively Manufactured Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1025-1033. [PMID: 31168676 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a randomized, complex porous network which researchers have tried to mimic within bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of random and controlled scaffold porosity on the release kinetics of vitamin D3 to determine if a designed porous structure was comparable in effectiveness on osteoblast proliferation to the randomized essence of natural bone. In this study, porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds were prepared by fugitive material removal method using naphthalene and 3D printing to model random and controlled porosity, respectively. Scaffold comparison was made based on open pore volume percentage of which naphthalene scaffolds had 45.8 ± 1.5% and 3D printed scaffolds had 48.9 ± 2.5%, Comparative analysis of traditional bioceramic processing to additive manufacturing is limited especially regarding drug release kinetics. Results showed the naphthalene scaffold surface area was only 0.3% that of 3D printed scaffolds due to the lower open pore interconnectivity. This increase in surface area produced higher release of drug and osteoblast proliferation in 3D printed scaffolds comparatively. By 11 days, osteoblast proliferation was enhanced by 64% from scaffolds manufactured using 3D printing compared to traditional processing. Understanding the effects of processing methods of TCP scaffolds on the release kinetics of vitamin D3 and the system effects on cells can aid in low load bearing applications for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Vu
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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13
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Ahangar P, Aziz M, Rosenzweig DH, Weber MH. Advances in personalized treatment of metastatic spine disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:223. [PMID: 31297388 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spine is one of the most common sites of bony metastases, and its involvement leads to significant patient morbidity. Surgical management in these patients is aimed at improving quality of life and functional status throughout the course of the disease. Resection of metastases often leads to critical size bone defects, presenting a challenge to achieving adequate bone regeneration to fill the void. Current treatment options for repairing these defects are bone grafting and commercial bone cements; however, each has associated limitations. Additionally, tumor recurrence and tumor-induced bone loss make bone regeneration particularly difficult. Systemic therapeutic delivery, such as bisphosphonates, have become standard of care to combat bone loss despite unfavorable systemic side-effects and lack of local efficacy. Developments from tissue engineering have introduced novel materials with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties which also act as structural support scaffolds for bone regeneration. These new materials can also act as a therapeutic reservoir to sustainably release drugs locally as an alternative to systemic therapy. In this review, we outline recent advancements in tissue engineering and the role of translational research in developing implants that can fully repair bone defects while also delivering local therapeutics to curb tumor recurrence and improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Ahangar
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital C10.148.6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mina Aziz
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital C10.148.6, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Clinical Investigator Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek H Rosenzweig
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital C10.148.6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H Weber
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital C10.148.6, Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Pereira RC, Benelli R, Canciani B, Scaranari M, Daculsi G, Cancedda R, Gentili C. Beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic triggers fast and robust bone formation by human mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1007-1018. [PMID: 30811859 DOI: 10.1002/term.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to their osteoconductive and inductive properties, a variety of calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds are commonly used in orthopaedics as graft material to heal bone defects. In this study, we have used two CaP scaffolds with different hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ratios (MBCP®; 60/40 and MBCP+ ®; 20/80) to investigate their intrinsic capacity to favour human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) osteogenic differentiation capacity. We report that MBCP+ ® showed in in vitro culture model a higher rate of calcium ion release in comparison with MBCP®. In two defined coculture systems, the hBMSC seeded onto MBCP+ ® presented an increased amount of VEGF secretion, resulting in an enhanced endothelial cell proliferation and capillary formation compared with hBMSC seeded onto MBCP®. When both ceramics combined with hBMSC were implanted in a nude mouse model, we observed a faster osteogenic differentiation and enhancement mature bone deposition sustained by the presence of a vast host vasculature within the MBCP+ ® ceramics. Bone formation was observed in samples highly positive to the activation of calcium sensing receptor protein (CaSr) on the surface of seeded hBMSC that also shown higher BMP-2 protein expression. With these data we provide valuable insights in the possible mechanisms of ossification and angiogenesis by hBMSC that we believe to be primed by calcium ions released from CaP scaffolds. Evidences could lead to an optimization of ceramic scaffolds to prime bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C Pereira
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Laboratory of Immunology, IRCCS AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Canciani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Scaranari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Guy Daculsi
- INSERM LIOAD U791, Dental Faculty, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Barati D, Karaman O, Moeinzadeh S, Kader S, Jabbari E. Material and regenerative properties of an osteon-mimetic cortical bone-like scaffold. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:89-98. [PMID: 30967963 PMCID: PMC6446997 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to fabricate a rigid, resorbable and osteoconductive scaffold by mimicking the hierarchical structure of the cortical bone. Aligned peptide-functionalize nanofiber microsheets were generated with calcium phosphate (CaP) content similar to that of the natural cortical bone. Next, the CaP-rich fibrous microsheets were wrapped around a microneedle to form a laminated microtube mimicking the structure of an osteon. Then, a set of the osteon-mimetic microtubes were assembled around a solid rod and the assembly was annealed to fuse the microtubes and form a shell. Next, an array of circular microholes were drilled on the outer surface of the shell to generate a cortical bone-like scaffold with an interconnected network of Haversian- and Volkmann-like microcanals. The CaP content, porosity and density of the bone-mimetic microsheets were 240 wt%, 8% and 1.9 g/ml, respectively, which were close to that of natural cortical bone. The interconnected network of microcanals in the fused microtubes increased permeability of a model protein in the scaffold. The cortical scaffold induced osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in the absence of bone morphogenetic proteins upon seeding with human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells. The localized and timed-release of morphogenetic factors significantly increased the extent of osteogenic and vasculogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells in the cortical scaffold. The cortical bone-mimetic nature of the cellular construct provided balanced rigidity, resorption rate, osteoconductivity and nutrient diffusivity to support vascularization and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ozan Karaman
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Safaa Kader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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16
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Perez JR, Kouroupis D, Li DJ, Best TM, Kaplan L, Correa D. Tissue Engineering and Cell-Based Therapies for Fractures and Bone Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:105. [PMID: 30109228 PMCID: PMC6079270 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant source of patient morbidity and place a staggering economic burden on the healthcare system. The annual cost of treating bone defects in the US has been estimated to be $5 billion, while enormous costs are spent on bone grafts for bone injuries, tumors, and other pathologies associated with defective fracture healing. Autologous bone grafts represent the gold standard for the treatment of bone defects. However, they are associated with variable clinical outcomes, postsurgical morbidity, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to circumvent these limitations, tissue engineering and cell-based therapies have been proposed as alternatives to induce and promote bone repair. This review focuses on the recent advances in bone tissue engineering (BTE), specifically looking at its role in treating delayed fracture healing (non-unions) and the resulting segmental bone defects. Herein we discuss: (1) the processes of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation; (2) the role of stem cells, looking specifically at mesenchymal (MSC), embryonic (ESC), and induced pluripotent (iPSC) stem cells as viable building blocks to engineer bone implants; (3) the biomaterials used to direct tissue growth, with a focus on ceramic, biodegradable polymers, and composite materials; (4) the growth factors and molecular signals used to induce differentiation of stem cells into the osteoblastic lineage, which ultimately leads to active bone formation; and (5) the mechanical stimulation protocols used to maintain the integrity of the bone repair and their role in successful cell engraftment. Finally, a couple clinical scenarios are presented (non-unions and avascular necrosis—AVN), to illustrate how novel cell-based therapy approaches can be used. A thorough understanding of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies may allow for better incorporation of these potential therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for proper bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Perez
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Deborah J Li
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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17
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The Role of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds in Treating Long Bone Defects: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Literature-A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8074178. [PMID: 28852649 PMCID: PMC5567443 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8074178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long bone defects represent a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been developed to overcome problems associated with conventional methods. The aim of this study was to assess the BTE strategies available in preclinical and clinical settings and the current evidence supporting this approach. A systematic literature screening was performed on PubMed database, searching for both preclinical (only on large animals) and clinical studies. The following string was used: "(Scaffold OR Implant) AND (Long bone defect OR segmental bone defect OR large bone defect OR bone loss defect)." The search retrieved a total of 1573 articles: 51 preclinical and 4 clinical studies were included. The great amount of preclinical papers published over the past few years showed promising findings in terms of radiological and histological evidence. Unfortunately, this in vivo situation is not reflected by a corresponding clinical impact, with few published papers, highly heterogeneous and with small patient populations. Several aspects should be further investigated to translate positive preclinical findings into clinical protocols: the identification of the best biomaterial, with both biological and biomechanical suitable properties, and the selection of the best choice between cells, GFs, or their combination through standardized models to be validated by randomized trials.
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18
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Ke D, Robertson SF, Dernell WS, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Effects of MgO and SiO 2 on Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating: An in Vivo Study in Rat Distal Femoral Defects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25731-25737. [PMID: 28752993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium implants have been widely used in orthopedic applications due to their inheritance of an excellent mechanical property from titanium and great osteoconductivity from HA. However, the lack of osteoinductivity limits their further applications. In this study, 1 wt % MgO and 0.5 wt % SiO2 were mixed with HA for making plasma-sprayed coatings on titanium implants. Plasma-sprayed HA- and MgO/SiO2-HA-coated titanium implants showed adhesive bond strengths of 25.73 ± 1.92 and 23.44 ± 2.89 MPa, respectively. The presence of MgO and SiO2 significantly increased the osteogenesis, osseointegration, and bone mineralization of HA-coated titanium implants by the evaluation of their histomorphology after 6, 10, and 14 weeks of implantation in rat distal femoral defects. Implant pushout tests also showed a shear modulus of 149.83 ± 3.69 MPa for MgO/SiO2-HA-coated implants after 14 weeks of implantation, compared to 52.68 ± 10.41 MPa for uncoated implants and 83.92 ± 3.68 MPa for pure HA-coated implants; These are differences in the shear modulus of 96% and 56.4%, respectively. This study assesses for the first time the quality of the bone-implant interface of induction plasma-sprayed MgO and SiO2 binary-doped HA coatings on load-bearing implants compared to bare titanium and pure HA coatings in a quantitative manner. Relating the osseointegration and interface shear modulus to the quality of implant fixation is critical to the advancement and implementation of HA-coated orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Ke
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
| | | | - William S Dernell
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States
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19
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In Vitro and In Vivo Dentinogenic Efficacy of Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells Induced by Demineralized Dentin Matrix and HA-TCP. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2416254. [PMID: 28761445 PMCID: PMC5518496 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2416254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells have been known to have the stem cell features such as self-renewal and multipotency. These cells are differentiated into hard tissue by addition of proper cytokines and biomaterials. Hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphates (HA-TCPs) are essential components of hard tissue and generally used as a biocompatible material in tissue engineering of bone. Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) has been reported to increase efficiency of bone induction. We compared the efficiencies of osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation of HA-TCP and DDM on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). DDM contains inorganic components as with HA-TCP, and organic components such as collagen type-1. Due to these components, osteoinduction potential of DDM on hDPSCs was remarkably higher than that of HA-TCP. However, the efficiencies of in vivo bone formation are similar in HA-TCP and DDM. Although osteogenic gene expression and bone formation in immunocompromised nude mice were similar levels in both cases, dentinogenic gene expression level was slightly higher in DDM transplantation than in HA-TCP. All these results suggested that in vivo osteogenic potentials in hDPSCs are induced with both HA-TCP and DDM by osteoconduction and osteoinduction, respectively. In addition, transplantation of hDPSCs/DDM might be more effective for differentiation into dentin.
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20
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Qiu G, Shi Z, Xu HH, Yang B, Weir MD, Li G, Song Y, Wang J, Hu K, Wang P, Zhao L. Bone regeneration in minipigs via calcium phosphate cement scaffold delivering autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e937-e948. [PMID: 28102000 DOI: 10.1002/term.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengtao Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShunde First People Hospital Shunde Guangdong China
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hockin H.K. Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer CenterUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Guangjun Li
- Department of Spinal SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDeqing Hospital Huzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yang Song
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jixing Wang
- Department of Spinal SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Kevin Hu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD USA
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21
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Fuh LJ, Huang YJ, Chen WC, Lin DJ. Preparation of micro-porous bioceramic containing silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:798-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Hu LW, Wang X, Jiang XQ, Xu LQ, Pan HY. In vivo and in vitro study of osteogenic potency of endothelin-1 on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:25-32. [PMID: 28432001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a major source of osteoblasts and are crucial for bone remolding and repair and thus they are widely used for tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering in combination with gene therapy is considered as a promising approach in new bone regeneration. Endothelin-1(EDN-1)is produced by vascular endothelial cells which plays an important role during bone development. However, its role in BMSCs remains largely unknown. We established EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs, proliferation ability and osteogenesis differentiation were detected respectively. Transduced BMSCs were then combined with CPC-scaffold to repair calvarial defects in rats to evaluate the in-vivo osteogenic potential of EDN-1. EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs showed increased proliferation and significantly increased osteogenesis potential ability than vector transfected control. The in-vivo data also revealed more new bone formation with higher bone mineral density and number of trabeculae in EDN-1 overexpressed BMSCs. These findings have demonstrated the influence of EDN-1 on differentiation potential of BMSCs, which suggest that EDN-1 may be a new promising agent for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wei Hu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China; Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Xin-Qun Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, PR China.
| | - Hong-Ya Pan
- Oral Bioengineering Laboratory/Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
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23
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Decambron A, Manassero M, Bensidhoum M, Lecuelle B, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H, Viateau V. A comparative study of tissue-engineered constructs from Acropora and Porites coral in a large animal bone defect model. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:208-215. [PMID: 28408376 PMCID: PMC5415902 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.bjr-2016-0236.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and coral granules from either Acropora or Porites to repair large bone defects. Materials and Methods Bone marrow-derived, autologous MSCs were seeded on Acropora or Porites coral granules in a perfusion bioreactor. Acropora-TECs (n = 7), Porites-TECs (n = 6) and bone autografts (n = 2) were then implanted into 25 mm long metatarsal diaphyseal defects in sheep. Bimonthly radiographic follow-up was completed until killing four months post-operatively. Explants were subsequently processed for microCT and histology to assess bone formation and coral bioresorption. Statistical analyses comprised Mann-Whitney, t-test and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results A two-fold increaseof newly formed bone volume was observed for Acropora-TECs when compared with Porites-TECs (14 sd 1089 mm3versus 782 sd 507 mm3; p = 0.09). Bone union was consistent with autograft (1960 sd 518 mm3). The kinetics of bioresorption and bioresorption rates at four months were different for Acropora-TECs and Porites-TECs (81% sd 5% versus 94% sd 6%; p = 0.04). In comparing the defects that healed with those that did not, we observed that, when major bioresorption of coral at two months occurs and a scaffold material bioresorption rate superior to 90% at four months is achieved, bone nonunion consistently occurred using coral-based TECs. Discussion Bone regeneration in critical-size defects could be obtained with full bioresorption of the scaffold using coral-based TECs in a large animal model. The superior performance of Acropora-TECs brings us closer to a clinical application, probably because of more suitable bioresorption kinetics. However, nonunion still occurred in nearly half of the bone defects. Cite this article: A. Decambron, M. Manassero, M. Bensidhoum, B. Lecuelle, D. Logeart-Avramoglou, H. Petite, V. Viateau. A comparative study of tissue-engineered constructs from Acropora and Porites coral in a large animal bone defect model. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:208–215. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0236.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Decambron
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris and Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - M Manassero
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris and Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - M Bensidhoum
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France
| | - B Lecuelle
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-Université Paris Est, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France
| | - D Logeart-Avramoglou
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H Petite
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France
| | - V Viateau
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimaging for Osteo-Articular tissues (B2OA), 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris and Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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24
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Castillo-Dalí G, Castillo-Oyagüe R, Terriza A, Saffar JL, Batista A, Barranco A, Cabezas-Talavero J, Lynch CD, Barouk B, Llorens A, Sloan AJ, Cayón RV, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. In vivo comparative model of oxygen plasma and nanocomposite particles on PLGA membranes for guided bone regeneration processes to be applied in pre-prosthetic surgery: a pilot study. J Dent 2016; 42:1446-57. [PMID: 24814137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bone regeneration potential of a new membrane fabricated with polyglycolide acid (PLGA) after being treated with oxygen plasma (PO2), and/or being functionalized with silicon dioxide (SiO2) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. METHODS Bone defects (5 mm 3 mm) were produced on the top of 3 experimentation rabbits’ skulls and were covered with variously modified PLGA scaffolds. After the animals were sacrificed, neoformed bone (%), mineralized bone (mm), bone resorption (%), osteoclasts/mm2, and intensity of osteosynthetic activity, were assessed under microscope. RESULTS The following groups were formed depending on the type of membrane: PLGA (control); PLGA/PO2; PLGA/SiO2; PLGA/TiO2; PLGA/PO2/SiO2; and PLGA/PO2/TiO2. The histological sections showed bone layers in advanced stages of formation. The highest percentages of neoformed bone corresponded to PLGA/PO2/SiO2 membranes (59.07%; p = 0.31) followed by PLGA/PO2 barriers (50.27%). The controls showed the lowest mineralization (13.89 mm; p = 0.24). PLGA/TiO2 scaffolds exhibited the least bone resorption (4.45%; p = 0.77) and osteoclasts/ mm2 (1.58; p = 0.86). PLGA/SiO2 and PLGA/TiO2 membranes stimulated the maximum osteosynthetic activity. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of PLGA barriers with PO2 increased bone regeneration in rabbits. When comparing the effect of PO2/SiO2 and PO2/TiO2, higher percentages of neoformed bone were encountered after silicon-dioxide coating. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles onto PO2-treated PLGA membranes was the most promising technique out of those investigated to promote bone formation in rabbits. The addition of SiO2 or TiO2 layers to PLGA substrates may stimulate the osteosynthetic activity, which might be useful to restore bone dimensions in preparation for naturally appearing dental prostheses.
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25
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Drager J, Sheikh Z, Zhang YL, Harvey EJ, Barralet JE. Local delivery of iron chelators reduces in vivo remodeling of a calcium phosphate bone graft substitute. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:411-419. [PMID: 27449336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron chelators are known activators of the Hypoxia Includible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway, a critical cellular pathway involved in angiogenic responses to hypoxia. Local delivery of these chelators has shown promise in bone tissue engineering strategies by inducing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Hypoxic microenvironments are also a stimulus for osteoclast differentiation and resorptive activity, a process likely mediated by HIF-1α. In vitro, low doses of the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) has shown to induce HIF-1α mediated osteoclast formation and function. However other studies have proposed an opposite in vitro effect likely through HIF independent mechanisms. To investigate use of these medications in bioceramic based bone tissue engineering strategies this study aimed to determine the in vivo effect of local delivery of iron chelators on bioceramic remodeling. A non-weight bearing cranial onlay model was used to assess monetite resorption and new bone formation in the presence or absence of a repeated delivery of two iron chelators, DFO and 1,10 Phenanthroline (PHT) at doses known to induce HIF. We found a marked reduction graft resorption and remodeling associated with iron chelation. This was correlated to a 3-fold reduction in osteoclast number at the bone graft interface. Iron is needed for mitochondrial biogenesis during osteoclastic differentiation and reducing extracellular iron levels may inhibit this process and possibly overpower any HIF induced osteoclast formation. Our findings suggest that these inexpensive and widely available molecules may be used to locally reduce bioceramic scaffold resorption and encourages future investigations of iron chelators as bone anti-resorptive agents in other clinical contexts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Low doses of iron chelators can induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis in repairing bone by stimulating the oxygen sensitive gene; hypoxia inducible factor. These medications have potential to augment bioceramic based bone tissue engineering strategies without the downsides of protein-based growth factors. HIF activation is also known to stimulate osteoclast-mediated resorption and could potentially accelerate remodeling of biocermaics, however we have shown that the local delivery of iron chelation at doses known to induce HIF resulted in a reduction of monetite resorption and a significant decrease in osteoclast number at the bone graft interface. This maybe due to HIF independent mechanism. This is the first study to show a local effect of iron chelators in vivo on osteoclast-mediated resorption. This opens the potential of further study of these bifunctional medications to modulate resorption of biocermaics in environments where a prolonged presence of material is desired for graft site stability. Moreover these safe widely used medications can be explored to locally reduce osteoclasts in pathological bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Drager
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Yu Ling Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Rue University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Edward J Harvey
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Jake E Barralet
- Division of Orthopaedics, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Qc H3G 1A4, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640, Rue University, Montreal, Qc H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Comparison of Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cell Using Rat Zygomatic Bone Defect Model. Ann Plast Surg 2016; 75:565-71. [PMID: 26461101 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of bone defects that occur because of certain reasons has an important place in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective of the treatments of these defects was to reinstate the continuity of tissues placed in the area in which the defect has occurred. In this experimental study, the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow stromal cell, which propounded that they have positive impact on bone regeneration, was evaluated with the bone healing rate in the zygomatic bone defect model enwrapped with superficial temporal fascia. METHODS After creating a 4-mm defect on the zygomatic bone of the experiments, the defect was encompassed with a superficial temporal fascial flap and a nonunion model was created. After surgery, different combinations of the PRP, bone marrow stromal cell, and electromagnetic field applications were implemented on the defective area. All the experiments were subjected to bone density measurement. RESULTS The result revealed that the PRP and pulsed electromagnetic field implementation were rather a beneficial and an effective combination in terms of bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that the superficial temporal fascial flap used in the experiment was a good scaffold choice, providing an ideal bone regeneration area because of its autogenous, vascular, and 3-dimensional structures. As a result, it is presumed that this combination in the nonhealing bone defects is a rather useful treatment choice and can be used in a reliable way in clinical applications.
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Lappalainen OP, Karhula SS, Haapea M, Kauppinen S, Finnilä M, Saarakkala S, Serlo W, Sándor GK. Micro-CT Analysis of Bone Healing in Rabbit Calvarial Critical-Sized Defects with Solid Bioactive Glass, Tricalcium Phosphate Granules or Autogenous Bone. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2016; 7:e4. [PMID: 27489608 PMCID: PMC4970504 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2016.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of the present study was to evaluate bone healing in rabbit critical-sized calvarial defects using two different synthetic scaffold materials, solid biodegradable bioactive glass and tricalcium phosphate granules alongside solid and particulated autogenous bone grafts. Material and Methods Bilateral full thickness critical-sized calvarial defects were created in 15 New Zealand white adult male rabbits. Ten defects were filled with solid scaffolds made of bioactive glass or with porous tricalcium phosphate granules. The healing of the biomaterial-filled defects was compared at the 6 week time point to the healing of autologous bone grafted defects filled with a solid cranial bone block in 5 defects and with particulated bone combined with fibrin glue in 10 defects. In 5 animals one defect was left unfilled as a negative control. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze healing of the defects. Results Micro-CT analysis revealed that defects filled with tricalcium phosphate granules showed new bone formation in the order of 3.89 (SD 1.17)% whereas defects treated with solid bioactive glass scaffolds showed 0.21 (SD 0.16)%, new bone formation. In the empty negative control defects there was an average new bone formation of 21.8 (SD 23.7)%. Conclusions According to findings in this study, tricalcium phosphate granules have osteogenic potential superior to bioactive glass, though both particulated bone with fibrin glue and solid bone block were superior defect filling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli-Pekka Lappalainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Group in Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Finland
| | - Sakari S Karhula
- Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu Finland
| | - Sami Kauppinen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Mikko Finnilä
- Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, KuopioFinland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Department of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland.; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, OuluFinland
| | - Willy Serlo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, PEDEGO Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, Uinversity of Oulu, Oulu Finland
| | - George K Sándor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Group in Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu Finland
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Özdal-Kurt F, Tuğlu I, Vatansever HS, Tong S, Şen BH, Deliloğlu-Gürhan SI. The effect of different implant biomaterials on the behavior of canine bone marrow stromal cells during their differentiation into osteoblasts. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:412-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1183819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Weber L, Langer M, Tavella S, Ruggiu A, Peyrin F. Quantitative evaluation of regularized phase retrieval algorithms on bone scaffolds seeded with bone cells. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:N215-31. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/9/n215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fan D, Liu S, Jiang S, Li Z, Mo X, Ruan H, Zou GM, Fan C. The use of SHP-2 gene transduced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote osteogenic differentiation and bone defect repair in rat. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1871-81. [PMID: 26999642 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach for bone regeneration, in which growth factors play an important role. The tyrosine phosphatase Src-homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by the PTPN11 gene, is essential for the differentiation, proliferation and metabolism of osteoblasts. However, SHP-2 has never been systematically studied for its effect in osteogenesis. We predicted that overexpression of SHP-2 could promote bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)osteogenic differentiation and SHP-2 transduced BMSCs could enhance new bone formation, determined using the following study groups: (1) BMSCs transduced with SHP-2 and induced with osteoblast-inducing liquid (BMSCs/SHP-2/OL); (2) BMSCs transduced with SHP-2 (BMSCs/-SHP-2); (3) BMSCs induced with osteoblast-inducing liquid (BMSCs/OL) and (4) pure BMSCs. Cells were assessed for osteogenic differentiation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blot analysis, alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining. For in vivo assessment, cells were combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds and transplanted into rat calvarial defects for 8 weeks. Following euthanasia, skull samples were explanted for osteogenic evaluation, including micro-computed tomography measurement, histology and immunohistochemistry staining. SHP-2 and upregulation of its gene promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore represents a potential new therapeutic approach to bone repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1871-1881, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongjiang Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Ming Zou
- Hawaii Gangze Inc, 421 Nahua Street, Suite 146, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96815
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Bone is one of the few tissues to display a true potential for regeneration. Fracture healing is an obvious example where regeneration occurs through tightly regulated sequences of molecular and cellular events which recapitulate tissue formation seen during embryogenesis. Still in some instances, bone regeneration does not occur properly (i.e. critical size lesions) and an appropriate therapeutic intervention is necessary. Successful replacement of bone by tissue engineering will likely depend on the recapitulation of this flow of events. In fact, bone regeneration requires cross-talk between microenvironmental factors and cells; for example, resident mesenchymal progenitors are recruited and properly guided by soluble and insoluble signaling molecules. Tissue engineering attempts to reproduce and to mimic this natural milieu by delivering cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, inducing growth factors and biomaterials to support cellular attachment, proliferation, migration, and matrix deposition. In the last two decades, a significant effort has been made by the scientific community in the development of methods and protocols to repair and regenerate tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. In this same period, great advancements have been achieved in the biology of stem cells and on the mechanisms governing "stemness". Unfortunately, after two decades, effective clinical translation does not exist, besides a few limited examples. Many years have passed since cell-based regenerative therapies were first described as "promising approaches", but this definition still engulfs the present literature. Failure to envisage translational cell therapy applications in routine medical practice evidences the existence of unresolved scientific and technical struggles, some of which still puzzle researchers in the field and are presented in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Quarto
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, c/o Advanced Biotechnology Center, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, c/o Advanced Biotechnology Center, L.go R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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Shukla SK, Shukla SK, Govender PP, Giri NG. Biodegradable polymeric nanostructures in therapeutic applications: opportunities and challenges. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanostructures (BPNs) have shown great promise in different therapeutic applications such as diagnosis, imaging, drug delivery, cosmetics, organ implants, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Shukla
- Department of Polymer Science
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences
- University of Delhi
- Delhi-110075
- India
| | - Sudheesh K. Shukla
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Penny P. Govender
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- University of Johannesburg
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - N. G. Giri
- Department of Chemistry
- Shivaji College
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi-110027
- India
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Wang P, Song Y, Weir MD, Sun J, Zhao L, Simon CG, Xu HHK. A self-setting iPSMSC-alginate-calcium phosphate paste for bone tissue engineering. Dent Mater 2015; 32:252-63. [PMID: 26743965 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable cell delivery system based on encapsulation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSMSCs) in microbeads; (2) develop a novel tissue engineered construct by dispersing iPSMSC-microbeads in CPC to investigate bone regeneration in an animal model for the first time. METHODS iPSMSCs were pre-osteoinduced for 2 weeks (OS-iPSMSCs), or transduced with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2-iPSMSCs). Cells were encapsulated in fast-degradable alginate microbeads. Microbeads were mixed with CPC paste and filled into cranial defects in nude rats. Four groups were tested: (1) CPC-microbeads without cells (CPC control); (2) CPC-microbeads-iPSMSCs (CPC-iPSMSCs); (3) CPC-microbeads-OS-iPSMSCs (CPC-OS-iPSMSCs); (4) CPC-microbeads-BMP2-iPSMSCs (CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs). RESULTS Cells maintained good viability inside microbeads after injection. The microbeads were able to release the cells which had more than 10-fold increase in live cell density from 1 to 14 days. The cells exhibited up-regulation of osteogenic markers and deposition of minerals. In vivo, new bone area fraction (mean±SD; n=5) for CPC-iPSMSCs group was (22.5±7.6)%. New bone area fractions were (38.9±18.4)% and (44.7±22.8)% for CPC-OS-iPSMSCs group and CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs group, respectively, 2-3 times the (15.6±11.2)% in CPC control at 12 weeks (p<0.05). Cell-CPC constructs accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. SIGNIFICANCE Novel injectable CPC-microbead-cell constructs promoted bone regeneration, with OS-iPSMSCs and BMP2-iPSMSCs having 2-3 fold the new bone of CPC control. Cell delivery accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSC having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Therefore, CPC-microbead-iPSMSC is a promising injectable material for orthopedic, dental and craniofacial bone regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Song
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jinyu Sun
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Carl G Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Bukreeva I, Fratini M, Campi G, Pelliccia D, Spanò R, Tromba G, Brun F, Burghammer M, Grilli M, Cancedda R, Cedola A, Mastrogiacomo M. High-Resolution X-Ray Techniques as New Tool to Investigate the 3D Vascularization of Engineered-Bone Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:133. [PMID: 26442248 PMCID: PMC4561513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of structure–function relationships in normal and pathologic mammalian tissues is at the basis of a tissue engineering (TE) approach for the development of biological substitutes to restore or improve tissue function. In this framework, it is interesting to investigate engineered bone tissue, formed when porous ceramic constructs are loaded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and implanted in vivo. To monitor the relation between bone formation and vascularization, it is important to achieve a detailed imaging and a quantitative description of the complete three-dimensional vascular network in such constructs. Here, we used synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography to visualize and analyze the three-dimensional micro-vascular networks in bone-engineered constructs, in an ectopic bone formation mouse-model. We compared samples seeded and not seeded with BMSC, as well as samples differently stained or unstained. Thanks to the high quality of the images, we investigated the 3D distribution of both vessels and collagen matrix and we obtained quantitative information for all different samples. We propose our approach as a tool for quantitative studies of angiogenesis in TE and for any pre-clinical investigation where a quantitative analysis of the vascular network is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bukreeva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto NANOTEC, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy
| | - Michela Fratini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto NANOTEC, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy ; Department of Science, Roma Tre University , Rome , Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniele Pelliccia
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Australian Synchrotron , Clayton, VIC , Australia ; School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Raffaele Spanò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale dell'Università di Genova, AOU San Martino-IST , Genova , Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra - Synchrotron Radiation Trieste S.C.p.A , Trieste , Italy
| | - Francesco Brun
- Elettra - Synchrotron Radiation Trieste S.C.p.A , Trieste , Italy ; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble , France ; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Marco Grilli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale dell'Università di Genova, AOU San Martino-IST , Genova , Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto NANOTEC, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale dell'Università di Genova, AOU San Martino-IST , Genova , Italy
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Shiwaku Y, Neff L, Nagano K, Takeyama KI, de Bruijn J, Dard M, Gori F, Baron R. The Crosstalk between Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts Is Dependent upon the Composition and Structure of Biphasic Calcium Phosphates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132903. [PMID: 26193362 PMCID: PMC4507990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs), consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), exhibit good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, maintaining a balance between resorption of the biomaterial and formation of new bone. We tested whether the chemical composition and/or the microstructure of BCPs affect osteoclasts (OCs) differentiation and/or their ability to crosstalk with osteoblasts (OBs). To this aim, OCs were cultured on BCPs with HA content of 5, 20 or 60% and their differentiation and activity were assessed. We found that OC differentiation is partially impaired by increased HA content, but not by the presence of micropores within BCP scaffolds, as indicated by TRAP staining and gene profile expression. We then investigated whether the biomaterial-induced changes in OC differentiation also affect their ability to crosstalk with OBs and regulate OB function. We found that BCPs with low percentage of HA favored the expression of positive coupling factors, including sphingosine-kinase 1 (SPHK1) and collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1). In turn, the increase of these secreted coupling factors promotes OB differentiation and function. All together our studies suggest that the chemical composition of biomaterials affects not only the differentiation and activity of OCs but also their potential to locally regulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Shiwaku
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lynn Neff
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ken-Ichi Takeyama
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Michel Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Engraftment of Prevascularized, Tissue Engineered Constructs in a Novel Rabbit Segmental Bone Defect Model. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12616-30. [PMID: 26053395 PMCID: PMC4490464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard treatment of large segmental bone defects is autologous bone transfer, which suffers from low availability and additional morbidity. Tissue engineered bone able to engraft orthotopically and a suitable animal model for pre-clinical testing are direly needed. This study aimed to evaluate engraftment of tissue-engineered bone with different prevascularization strategies in a novel segmental defect model in the rabbit humerus. Decellularized bone matrix (Tutobone) seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells was used directly orthotopically or combined with a vessel and inserted immediately (1-step) or only after six weeks of subcutaneous “incubation” (2-step). After 12 weeks, histological and radiological assessment was performed. Variable callus formation was observed. No bone formation or remodeling of the graft through TRAP positive osteoclasts could be detected. Instead, a variable amount of necrotic tissue formed. Although necrotic area correlated significantly with amount of vessels and the 2-step strategy had significantly more vessels than the 1-step strategy, no significant reduction of necrotic area was found. In conclusion, the animal model developed here represents a highly challenging situation, for which a suitable engineered bone graft with better prevascularization, better resorbability and higher osteogenicity has yet to be developed.
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Özdal-Kurt F, Tuğlu I, Vatansever HS, Tong S, Deliloğlu-Gürhan SI. The effect of autologous bone marrow stromal cells differentiated on scaffolds for canine tibial bone reconstruction. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:516-28. [PMID: 25994048 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.983547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells that form many tissues. Various scaffolds are available for bone reconstruction by tissue engineering. Osteoblastic differentiated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) promote osteogenesis on scaffolds and stimulate bone regeneration. We investigated the use of cultured autologous BMSC on different scaffolds for healing defects in tibias of adult male canines. BMSC were isolated from canine humerus bone marrow, differentiated into osteoblasts in culture and loaded onto porous ceramic scaffolds including hydroxyapatite 1, hydroxyapatite gel and calcium phosphate. Osteoblast differentiation was verified by osteonectine and osteocalcine immunocytochemistry. The scaffolds with stromal cells were implanted in the tibial defect. Scaffolds without stromal cells were used as controls. Sections from the defects were processed for histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses to analyze the healing of the defects. BMSC were spread, allowed to proliferate and differentiate to osteoblasts as shown by alizarin red histochemistry, and osteocalcine and osteonectine immunostaining. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BMSC on the scaffolds were more active and adhesive to the calcium phosphate scaffold compared to the others. Macroscopic bone formation was observed in all groups, but scaffolds with stromal cells produced significantly better results. Bone healing occurred earlier and faster with stromal cells on the calcium phosphate scaffold and produced more callus compared to other scaffolds. Tissue healing and osteoblastic marker expression also were better with stromal cells on the scaffolds. Increased trabecula formation, cell density and decreased fibrosis were observed in the calcium phosphate scaffold with stromal cells. Autologous cultured stromal cells on the scaffolds were useful for healing of canine tibial bone defects. The calcium phosphate scaffold was the best for both cell differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. It may be possible to improve healing of bone defects in humans using stem cells from bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Özdal-Kurt
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - I Tuğlu
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - H S Vatansever
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - S Tong
- c Veterinary Department of Konak Municipality , İzmir , Turkey
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Neffe AT, Pierce BF, Tronci G, Ma N, Pittermann E, Gebauer T, Frank O, Schossig M, Xu X, Willie BM, Forner M, Ellinghaus A, Lienau J, Duda GN, Lendlein A. One step creation of multifunctional 3D architectured hydrogels inducing bone regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1738-1744. [PMID: 25601165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structured hydrogels showing form stability and elastic properties individually tailorable on different length scales are accessible in a one-step process. They support cell adhesion and differentiation and display growing pore size during degradation. In vivo experiments demonstrate their efficacy in biomaterial-induced bone regeneration, not requiring addition of cells or growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel T Neffe
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13533 Berlin and Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
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Peric M, Dumic-Cule I, Grcevic D, Matijasic M, Verbanac D, Paul R, Grgurevic L, Trkulja V, Bagi CM, Vukicevic S. The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies. Bone 2015; 70:73-86. [PMID: 25029375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone has a high potential for endogenous self-repair. However, due to population aging, human diseases with impaired bone regeneration are on the rise. Current strategies to facilitate bone healing include various biomolecules, cellular therapies, biomaterials and different combinations of these. Animal models for testing novel regenerative therapies remain the gold standard in pre-clinical phases of drug discovery and development. Despite improvements in animal experimentation, excessive poorly designed animal studies with inappropriate endpoints and inaccurate conclusions are being conducted. In this review, we discuss animal models, procedures, methods and technologies used in bone repair studies with the aim to assist investigators in planning and performing scientifically sound experiments that respect the wellbeing of animals. In the process of designing an animal study for bone repair investigators should consider: skeletal characteristics of the selected animal species; a suitable animal model that mimics the intended clinical indication; an appropriate assessment plan with validated methods, markers, timing, endpoints and scoring systems; relevant dosing and statistically pre-justified sample sizes and evaluation methods; synchronization of the study with regulatory requirements and additional evaluations specific to cell-based approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Peric
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivo Dumic-Cule
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grcevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Salata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Matijasic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruth Paul
- Paul Regulatory Services Ltd, Fisher Hill Way, Cardiff CF15 8DR, UK
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer Inc., Global Research and Development, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zhou P, Xia Y, Cheng X, Wang P, Xie Y, Xu S. Enhanced bone tissue regeneration by antibacterial and osteoinductive silica-HACC-zein composite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2. Biomaterials 2014; 35:10033-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Duncan J, Hayakawa S, Osaka A, MacDonald JF, Hanna JV, Skakle JMS, Gibson IR. Furthering the understanding of silicate-substitution in α-tricalcium phosphate: an X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1443-50. [PMID: 24287162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-purity (SupT) and reagent-grade (ST), stoichiometric and silicate-containing α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP: ST0/SupT0 and Si-TCP x=0.10: ST10/SupT10) were prepared by solid-state reaction based on the substitution mechanism Ca3(PO4)(2-x)(SiO4)x. Samples were determined to be phase pure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Rietveld analysis performed on the XRD data confirmed inclusion of Si in the α-TCP structure as determined by increases in unit cell parameters; particularly marked increases in the b-axis and β-angle were observed. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the presence of expected levels of Si in Si-TCP compositions as well as significant levels of impurities (Mg, Al and Fe) present in all ST samples; SupT samples showed both expected levels of Si and a high degree of purity. Phosphorus ((31)P) magic-angle-spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) measurements revealed that the high-purity reagents used in the synthesis of SupT0 can resolve the 12 expected peaks in the (31)P spectrum of α-TCP compared to the low-purity ST0 that showed significant spectral line broadening; line broadening was also observed with the inclusion of Si which is indicative of induced structural disorder. Silicon ((29)Si) MAS NMR was also performed on both Si-TCP samples which revealed Q(0) species of Si with additional Si Q(1)/Q(2) species that may indicate a potential charge-balancing mechanism involving the inclusion of disilicate groups; additional Q(4) Si species were also observed, but only for ST10. Heating and cooling rates were briefly investigated by (31)P MAS NMR which showed no significant line broadening other than that associated with the emergence of β-TCP which was only realised with the reagent-grade sample ST0. This study provides an insight into the structural effects of Si-substitution in α-TCP and could provide a basis for understanding how substitution affects the physicochemical properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, UK.
| | - S Hayakawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Okayama, Japan
| | - A Osaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Okayama, Japan
| | | | - J V Hanna
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, UK
| | - J M S Skakle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - I R Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
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43
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Concepts of Tissue Engineering. Anim Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416002-6.00013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Rojo ES, Ramos M, Yates M, Martin-Luengo MA, Martínez Serrano AM, Civantos A, López-Lacomba JL, Reilly G, Vervaet C, Tarterra JL, Luis BF, Argomaniz LV. Preparation, characterization and in vitro osteoblast growth of waste-derived biomaterials. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation, characterization and in vitro osteoblast growth of beer bagasse derived biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Saez Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMM) CSIC, Campus UAM
- 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Malcolm Yates
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP) CSIC
- Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Civantos
- Tissue Engineering Group
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies
- Complutense University of Madrid (UCM)
- Pharmacy
- Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis López-Lacomba
- Tissue Engineering Group
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies
- Complutense University of Madrid (UCM)
- Pharmacy
- Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology UB
- Ghent, Belgium
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Fielding G, Bose S. SiO2 and ZnO dopants in three-dimensionally printed tricalcium phosphate bone tissue engineering scaffolds enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9137-48. [PMID: 23871941 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds with three-dimensionally-interconnected pores play an important role in mechanical interlocking and biological fixation in bone implant applications. CaPs alone, however, are only osteoconductive (able to guide bone growth). Much attention has been given to the incorporation of biologics and pharmacologics to add osteoinductive (able to cause new bone growth) properties to CaP materials. Because biologics and pharmacologics are generally delicate compounds and also subject to increased regulatory scrutiny, there is a need to investigate alternative methods to introduce osteoinductivity to CaP materials. In this study silica (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been incorporated into three-dimensional printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds to investigate their potential to trigger osteoinduction in vivo. Silicon and zinc are trace elements that are common in bone and have also been shown to have many beneficial properties, from increased bone regeneration to angiogenesis. Implants were placed in bicortical femur defects introduced to a murine model for up to 16 weeks. The addition of dopants into TCP increased the capacity for new early bone formation by modulating collagen I production and osteocalcin production. Neovascularization was found to be up to three times more than the pure TCP control group. The findings from this study indicate that the combination of SiO2 and ZnO dopants in TCP may be a viable alternative to introducing osteoinductive properties to CaPs.
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46
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Appel AA, Anastasio MA, Larson JC, Brey EM. Imaging challenges in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6615-30. [PMID: 23768903 PMCID: PMC3799904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are employed in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) in order to enhance the regeneration or replacement of tissue function and/or structure. The unique environments resulting from the presence of biomaterials, cells, and tissues result in distinct challenges in regards to monitoring and assessing the results of these interventions. Imaging technologies for three-dimensional (3D) analysis have been identified as a strategic priority in TERM research. Traditionally, histological and immunohistochemical techniques have been used to evaluate engineered tissues. However, these methods do not allow for an accurate volume assessment, are invasive, and do not provide information on functional status. Imaging techniques are needed that enable non-destructive, longitudinal, quantitative, and three-dimensional analysis of TERM strategies. This review focuses on evaluating the application of available imaging modalities for assessment of biomaterials and tissue in TERM applications. Included is a discussion of limitations of these techniques and identification of areas for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Appel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffery C. Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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47
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El Backly RM, Zaky SH, Canciani B, Saad MM, Eweida AM, Brun F, Tromba G, Komlev VS, Mastrogiacomo M, Marei MK, Cancedda R. Platelet rich plasma enhances osteoconductive properties of a hydroxyapatite-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold (Skelite) for late healing of critical size rabbit calvarial defects. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:e70-9. [PMID: 23932544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in bone repair remains highly controversial. In this work, we evaluated the effect of lyophilized PRP on bone regeneration when associated with a silicon stabilized hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate scaffold in a rabbit calvarial defect (Skelite). Critical defects were created in the calvaria of twenty-four rabbits. The periosteum was removed and the defects were either left empty or filled with allogeneic PRP gel; Skelite particles; Skelite and PRP gel. Four animals were killed after 4 weeks, 10 animals after 8 and 10 after 16 weeks. Specimens were processed for X-ray microtomography (μCT) and for resin embedded histology. μCT analysis revealed significant osteoid-like matrix and new bone deposition in PRP + Skelite group at both 8 and 16 weeks in respect to Skelite alone. Histologically, PRP + Skelite defects were highly cellular with more abundant osteoid deposition and more regular collagen fibres. Moreover, in vitro migration assays confirmed the chemotactic effect of PRP to endothelial and osteoprogenitor cells. We conclude that the addition of PRP influenced the local tissue microenvironment by providing key cryptic factors for regeneration, thereby enhancing progenitor cell recruitment, collagen and bone matrix deposition, and by creating a bridging interface between the scaffold and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M El Backly
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (D.I.M.E.S.) (Head: Prof. Maria Adelaide Pronzato), Università di Genova & AOU San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; Tissue Engineering Labs, Faculty of Dentistry (Dean: Prof. Dr. Ihab Hammad), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samer H Zaky
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (D.I.M.E.S.) (Head: Prof. Maria Adelaide Pronzato), Università di Genova & AOU San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; Tissue Engineering Labs, Faculty of Dentistry (Dean: Prof. Dr. Ihab Hammad), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Barbara Canciani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (D.I.M.E.S.) (Head: Prof. Maria Adelaide Pronzato), Università di Genova & AOU San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Manal M Saad
- Tissue Engineering Labs, Faculty of Dentistry (Dean: Prof. Dr. Ihab Hammad), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt; Pharos University (Dean of Faculty: Prof. Dr. Yehia Ashour), Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eweida
- Tissue Engineering Labs, Faculty of Dentistry (Dean: Prof. Dr. Ihab Hammad), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine (Dean: Prof. Dr. Mohammed Ashraf Galal), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Technology (Head: Prof. Maurizio Fermeglia), University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. (President: Prof. Carlo Rizzuto), Elettra, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. (President: Prof. Carlo Rizzuto), Elettra, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vladimir S Komlev
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (Head: Prof. Konstantin Aleksandrovich Solntsev), Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Avenue 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (D.I.M.E.S.) (Head: Prof. Maria Adelaide Pronzato), Università di Genova & AOU San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mona K Marei
- Tissue Engineering Labs, Faculty of Dentistry (Dean: Prof. Dr. Ihab Hammad), Alexandria University, El-Guish Road, El-Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (D.I.M.E.S.) (Head: Prof. Maria Adelaide Pronzato), Università di Genova & AOU San Martino - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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48
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Mirabella T, Gentili C, Daga A, Cancedda R. Amniotic fluid stem cells in a bone microenvironment: Driving host angiogenic response. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:540-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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49
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Viateau V, Manassero M, Sensébé L, Langonné A, Marchat D, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H, Bensidhoum M. Comparative study of the osteogenic ability of four different ceramic constructs in an ectopic large animal model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Viateau
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Mathieu Manassero
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Luc Sensébé
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - Alain Langonné
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-atlantique; UMR5273 CNRS/UPS/EFS; Tours France
| | - David Marchat
- CIS; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Hervé Petite
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone Articulation (B2OA - UMR CNRS 7052); University of Paris 7; PRES Paris Cité Paris France
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50
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Deng Y, Zhou H, Zou D, Xie Q, Bi X, Gu P, Fan X. The role of miR-31-modified adipose tissue-derived stem cells in repairing rat critical-sized calvarial defects. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6717-28. [PMID: 23768901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing application of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the treatment and monitoring of different diseases, miRNAs have become an important tool in biological and medical research. Recent studies have proven that miRNAs are involved in the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, few studies have reported the use of miRNA-modified adult stem cells to repair critical-sized defects (CSDs) using tissue engineering technology. It is known that miR-31 is a pleiotropically acting miRNA that inhibits cancer metastasis and targets special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) in fibroblasts. However, it is not clear whether the function of miR-31 is to enhance adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenesis, along with its association with Satb2, during osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. In this study, we systematically evaluated the function of miR-31 in enhancing ASC osteogenesis and the therapeutic potential of miR-31-modified ASCs in a rat CSD model with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds. ASCs were treated with lentivirus (Lenti)-miR-31, Lenti-as-miR-31 (antisense) or Lenti-NC (negative control). These genetically modified ASCs were then combined with β-TCP scaffolds to repair CSDs in rats. The results showed that in cultured ASCs in vitro, Lenti-as-miR-31 significantly enhanced osteogenic mRNA and protein expression when compared with the Lenti-NC group. Moreover, we firstly found that a Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Satb2 and miR-31 regulatory loop triggered by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in ASCs' osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. More importantly, we found that miR-31-knockdown ASCs dramatically improved the repair of CSDs, including increased bone volume, increased bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased scaffold residue in vivo. These data confirm the essential role of miR-31-modified ASCs in osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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