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Ma J, Wu C, Xu J. The Development of Lung Tissue Engineering: From Biomaterials to Multicellular Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401025. [PMID: 39206615 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of the treatment of end-stage lung disease poses an urgent clinical demand for lung tissue engineering. Over the past few years, various lung tissue-engineered constructs are developed for lung tissue regeneration and respiratory pathology study. In this review, an overview of recent achievements in the field of lung tissue engineering is proposed. The introduction of lung structure and lung injury are stated briefly at first. After that, the lung tissue-engineered constructs are categorized into three types: acellular, monocellular, and multicellular systems. The different bioengineered constructs included in each system that can be applied to the reconstruction of the trachea, airway epithelium, alveoli, and even whole lung are described in detail, followed by the highlight of relevant representative research. Finally, the challenges and future directions of biomaterials, manufacturing technologies, and cells involved in lung tissue engineering are discussed. Overall, this review can provide referable ideas for the realization of functional lung regeneration and permanent lung substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingge Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Taherian M, Bayati P, Mojtabavi N. Stem cell-based therapy for fibrotic diseases: mechanisms and pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38886859 PMCID: PMC11184790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process, that could result in permanent scarring and impairment of the physiological function of the affected organ; this condition which is categorized under the term organ failure could affect various organs in different situations. The involvement of the major organs, such as the lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and skin, is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the world. Fibrotic disorders encompass a broad range of complications and could be traced to various illnesses and impairments; these could range from simple skin scars with beauty issues to severe rheumatologic or inflammatory disorders such as systemic sclerosis as well as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Besides, the overactivation of immune responses during any inflammatory condition causing tissue damage could contribute to the pathogenic fibrotic events accompanying the healing response; for instance, the inflammation resulting from tissue engraftment could cause the formation of fibrotic scars in the grafted tissue, even in cases where the immune system deals with hard to clear infections, fibrotic scars could follow and cause severe adverse effects. A good example of such a complication is post-Covid19 lung fibrosis which could impair the life of the affected individuals with extensive lung involvement. However, effective therapies that halt or slow down the progression of fibrosis are missing in the current clinical settings. Considering the immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of distinct stem cell types, their application as an anti-fibrotic agent, capable of attenuating tissue fibrosis has been investigated by many researchers. Although the majority of the studies addressing the anti-fibrotic effects of stem cells indicated their potent capabilities, the underlying mechanisms, and pathways by which these cells could impact fibrotic processes remain poorly understood. Here, we first, review the properties of various stem cell types utilized so far as anti-fibrotic treatments and discuss the challenges and limitations associated with their applications in clinical settings; then, we will summarize the general and organ-specific mechanisms and pathways contributing to tissue fibrosis; finally, we will describe the mechanisms and pathways considered to be employed by distinct stem cell types for exerting anti-fibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Taherian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A L, Elsen R, Nayak S. Artificial Intelligence-Based 3D Printing Strategies for Bone Scaffold Fabrication and Its Application in Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:677-696. [PMID: 38252807 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
3D printing has become increasingly popular in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and porosity of the 3D printed bone scaffolds are major requirements for tissue regeneration and implantation as well. Designing the scaffold architecture in accordance with the need to create better mechanical and biological stimuli is necessary to achieve unique scaffold properties. To accomplish this, different 3D designing strategies can be utilized with the help of the scaffold design library and artificial intelligence (AI). The implementation of AI to assist the 3D printing process can enable it to predict, adapt, and control the parameters on its own, which lowers the risk of errors. This Review emphasizes 3D design and fabrication of bone scaffold using different materials and the use of AI-aided 3D printing strategies. Also, the adaption of AI to 3D printing helps to develop patient-specific scaffolds based on different requirements, thus providing feedback and adequate data for reproducibility, which can be improvised in the future. These printed scaffolds can also serve as an alternative to preclinical animal test models to cut costs and prevent immunological interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logeshwaran A
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Renold Elsen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sunita Nayak
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Petpiroon N, Netkueakul W, Sukrak K, Wang C, Liang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li Q, Kamran R, Naruse K, Aueviriyavit S, Takahashi K. Development of lung tissue models and their applications. Life Sci 2023; 334:122208. [PMID: 37884207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Due to the ethical concerns around animal testing, alternative methods have been sought which are more time-effective, do not pose ethical issues for animals, do not involve species differences, and provide easy investigation of the pathobiology of lung diseases. Several national and international organizations are working to accelerate the development and implementation of structurally and functionally complex tissue models as alternatives to animal testing, particularly for the lung. Unfortunately, to date, there is no lung tissue model that has been accepted by regulatory agencies for use in inhalation toxicology. This review discusses the challenges involved in developing a relevant lung tissue model derived from human cells such as cell lines, primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It also introduces examples of two-dimensional (2D) air-liquid interface and monocultured and co-cultured three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, particularly organoid culture and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, it reviews development of the lung-on-a-chip model to mimic the microenvironment and physiological performance. The applications of lung tissue models in various studies, especially disease modeling, viral respiratory infection, and environmental toxicology will be also introduced. The development of a relevant lung tissue model is extremely important for standardizing and validation the in vitro models for inhalation toxicity and other studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinrat Petpiroon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sukrak
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Thailand Network Center on Air Quality Management: TAQM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chen Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yin Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rumaisa Kamran
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Alsobaie S, Alsobaie T, Alshammary A, Mantalaris S. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional lung alveolar epithelial cells in 3D dynamic culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1173149. [PMID: 37388774 PMCID: PMC10303808 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1173149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Understanding lung epithelium cell development from human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) in vitro can lead to an individualized model for lung engineering, therapy, and drug testing. Method: We developed a protocol to produce lung mature type I pneumocytes using encapsulation of human IPSCs in 1.1% (w/v) alginate solution within a rotating wall bioreactor system in only 20 days without using feeder cells. The aim was to reduce exposure to animal products and laborious interventions in the future. Results: The three-dimensional (3D) bioprocess allowed cell derivation into endoderm, and subsequently into type II alveolar epithelial cells within a very short period. Cells successfully expressed surfactant proteins C and B associated with type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the key structure of lamellar bodies and microvilli was shown by transmission electron microscopy. The survival rate was the highest under dynamic conditions, which reveal the possibility of adapting this integration for large-scale cell production of alveolar epithelial cells from human IPSCs. Discussion: We were able to develop a strategy for the culture and differentiation of human IPSCs into alveolar type II cells using an in vitro system that mimics the in vivo environment. Hydrogel beads would offer a suitable matrix for 3D cultures and that the high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactor can be used to increase the differentiation of human IPSCs relative to the results obtained with traditional monolayer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alsobaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamador Alsobaie
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amal Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sakis Mantalaris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Derman ID, Singh YP, Saini S, Nagamine M, Banerjee D, Ozbolat IT. Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200267. [PMID: 36658734 PMCID: PMC10121779 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end-stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient-derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung-specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation. This review highlights the development of tissue-engineered tracheal and lung equivalents over the past two decades, key problems in lung transplantation in a clinical environment, the advancements made in scaffolds, bioprinting technologies, bioreactors, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The review aims to fill the lacuna in existing literature toward a holistic bioartificial lung tissue, including trachea, capillaries, airways, bifurcating bronchioles, lung disease models, and their clinical translation. Herein, the efforts are on bridging the application of lung tissue engineering methods in a clinical environment as it is thought that tissue engineering holds enormous promise for overcoming the challenges associated with the clinical translation of bioengineered human lung and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shweta Saini
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
| | - Momoka Nagamine
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University; University Park, PA,16802, USA
| | - Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Silva S, Bicker J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Air-liquid interface (ALI) impact on different respiratory cell cultures. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:62-82. [PMID: 36696943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal route has been receiving greater attention from the scientific community not only for systemic drug delivery but also for the treatment of pulmonary and neurological diseases. Along with it, drug transport and permeability studies across the nasal mucosa have exponentially increased. Nevertheless, the translation of data from in vitro cell lines to in vivo studies is not always reliable, due to the difficulty in generating an in vitro model that resembles respiratory human physiology. Among all currently available methodologies, the air-liquid interface (ALI) method is advantageous to promote cell differentiation and optimize the morphological and histological characteristics of airway epithelium cells. Cells grown under ALI conditions, in alternative to submerged conditions, appear to provide relevant input for inhalation and pulmonary toxicology and complement in vivo experiments. Different methodologies and a variety of materials have been used to induce ALI conditions in primary cells and numerous cell lines. Until this day, with only exploratory results, no consensus has been reached regarding the validation of the ALI method, hampering data comparison. The present review describes the most adequate cell models of airway epithelium and how these models are differently affected by ALI conditions. It includes the evaluation of cellular features before and after ALI, and the application of the method in primary cell cultures, commercial 3D primary cells, cell lines and stem-cell derived models. A variety of these models have been recently applied for pharmacological studies against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus(-2) SARS-CoV(-2), namely primary cultures with alveolar type II epithelium cells and organotypic 3D models. The herein compiled data suggest that ALI conditions must be optimized bearing in mind the type of cells (nasal, bronchial, alveolar), their origin and the objective of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Kole E, Jadhav K, Sirsath N, Dudhe P, Verma RK, Chatterjee A, Naik J. Nanotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery: An emerging approach to overcome respiratory diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Alternative lung cell model systems for toxicology testing strategies: Current knowledge and future outlook. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:70-82. [PMID: 36599788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the current relevance of pulmonary toxicology (with focus upon air pollution and the inhalation of hazardous materials), it is important to further develop and implement physiologically relevant models of the entire respiratory tract. Lung model development has the aim to create human relevant systems that may replace animal use whilst balancing cost, laborious nature and regulatory ambition. There is an imperative need to move away from rodent models and implement models that mimic the holistic characteristics important in lung function. The purpose of this review is therefore, to describe and identify the various alternative models that are being applied towards assessing the pulmonary toxicology of inhaled substances, as well as the current and potential developments of various advanced models and how they may be applied towards toxicology testing strategies. These models aim to mimic various regions of the lung, as well as implementing different exposure methods with the addition of various physiologically relevent conditions (such as fluid-flow and dynamic movement). There is further progress in the type of models used with focus on the development of lung-on-a-chip technologies and bioprinting, as well as and the optimization of such models to fill current knowledge gaps within toxicology.
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Zamprogno P, Schulte J, Ferrari D, Rechberger K, Sengupta A, van Os L, Weber T, Zeinali S, Geiser T, Guenat OT. Lung-on-a-Chip Models of the Lung Parenchyma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:191-211. [PMID: 37195532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the first lung-on-a-chip in 2010, research has made tremendous progress in mimicking the cellular environment of healthy and diseased alveoli. As the first lung-on-a-chip products have recently reached the market, innovative solutions to even better mimic the alveolar barrier are paving the way for the next generation lung-on-chips. The original polymeric membranes made of PDMS are being replaced by hydrogel membranes made of proteins from the lung extracellular matrix, whose chemical and physical properties exceed those of the original membranes. Other aspects of the alveolar environment are replicated, such as the size of the alveoli, their three-dimensional structure, and their arrangement. By tuning the properties of this environment, the phenotype of alveolar cells can be tuned, and the functions of the air-blood barrier can be reproduced, allowing complex biological processes to be mimicked. Lung-on-a-chip technologies also provide the possibility of obtaining biological information that was not possible with conventional in vitro systems. Pulmonary edema leaking through a damaged alveolar barrier and barrier stiffening due to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins can now be reproduced. Provided that the challenges of this young technology are overcome, there is no doubt that many application areas will benefit greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Zamprogno
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Schulte
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Ferrari
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karin Rechberger
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisette van Os
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weber
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soheila Zeinali
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T Guenat
- Organs-on-Chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Shakir S, Hackett TL, Mostaço-Guidolin LB. Bioengineering lungs: An overview of current methods, requirements, and challenges for constructing scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1011800. [PMID: 36394026 PMCID: PMC9649450 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1011800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases remain a significant health burden worldwide. The only option for individuals with end-stage lung failure remains Lung Transplantation. However, suitable organ donor shortages and immune rejection following transplantation remain a challenge. Since alternative options are urgently required to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation, researchers have been exploring lung bioengineering extensively, to generate functional, transplantable organs and tissue. Additionally, the development of physiologically-relevant artificial tissue models for testing novel therapies also represents an important step toward finding a definite clinical solution for different chronic respiratory diseases. This mini-review aims to highlight some of the most common methodologies used in bioengineering lung scaffolds, as well as the benefits and disadvantages associated with each method in conjunction with the current areas of research devoted to solving some of these challenges in the area of lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad Shakir
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tillie Louise Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and relentlessly progressive interstitial lung disease in which the accumulation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) induces the destruction of normal alveolar structures, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Patients with advanced PF are unable to perform physical labor and often have concomitant cough and dyspnea, which markedly impair their quality of life. However, there is a paucity of available pharmacological therapies, and to date, lung transplantation remains the only possible treatment for patients suffering from end-stage PF; moreover, the complexity of transplantation surgery and the paucity of donors greatly restrict the application of this treatment. Therefore, there is a pressing need for alternative therapeutic strategies for this complex disease. Due to their capacity for pluripotency and paracrine actions, stem cells are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of interstitial lung disease, and an extensive body of literature supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in lung fibrosis. Although stem cell transplantation may play an important role in the treatment of PF, some key issues, such as safety and therapeutic efficacy, remain to be resolved. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical studies on the stem cell-mediated regeneration of fibrotic lungs and present an analysis of concerning issues related to stem cell therapy to guide therapeutic development for this complex disease.
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Surtaieva YV, Mazurkevich AY, Bokotko RR. Effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells on repair of the lung tissue of rats with experimental pulmonary fibrosis. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the commonest forms of interstitial lung diseases with poorly studied methods of its treatment in both human and veterinary medicines. Therefore, this paper focused on seeking alternative methods of its diagnostics and treatment. The article provides the results of the study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats with experimental lung fibrosis and influence of transplanted allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow on stimulation of regenerative processes in damaged lung tissues. The studies were conducted on female Wistar rats with pulmonary fibrosis modeled using single transthoracic injection of solution of bleomycin hydrochloride. For the purpose of treatment, we used allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells introduced by various methods and the traditional treatment. We determined that best normalization of the parameters of the studied brochoalveolar lavage occurred in animals that received mesenchymal stem cells. The most active repair processes were in the experimental group that received the mesenchymal stem cells directly to the lung tissue. The animals that received intravenous injection of mesenchymal stemm cells were observed to have lower clinical parameters of the brochoalveolar lavage, but still better than such in the group treated traditionally. The lowest parameters were in animals that received the traditional treatment; they were greater than the phisological parameters, but significantly exceeded them in animals of the control group, indicating presence of inflammatory process in the lung tissue. The conducted cytological assays of the samples of the brochoalveolar lavage revealed that experimental animals with experimental pulmonary fibrosis had development of macrophage and lymphocytic reactions under the influence of transplanted mesenchymal stemm cells. We observed no atypical cells in all the experimental groups. This allows us to draw a conclusion that using stem cells by various methods of transplantation does not stimulate the onset of negative reactons (formation of atypical cells, metastatic processes, etc). Thus, the results of the study of the influence of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate that in the conditions of experimental pulmonary fibrosis, the activity of regenerative processes in pathologically altered lung tissue may be an effective method of treatment of animals with this kind of pathology.
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14
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Herminghaus A, Kozlov AV, Szabó A, Hantos Z, Gylstorff S, Kuebart A, Aghapour M, Wissuwa B, Walles T, Walles H, Coldewey SM, Relja B. A Barrier to Defend - Models of Pulmonary Barrier to Study Acute Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895100. [PMID: 35874776 PMCID: PMC9300899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases represent four out of ten most common causes for worldwide mortality. Thus, pulmonary infections with subsequent inflammatory responses represent a major public health concern. The pulmonary barrier is a vulnerable entry site for several stress factors, including pathogens such as viruses, and bacteria, but also environmental factors e.g. toxins, air pollutants, as well as allergens. These pathogens or pathogen-associated molecular pattern and inflammatory agents e.g. damage-associated molecular pattern cause significant disturbances in the pulmonary barrier. The physiological and biological functions, as well as the architecture and homeostatic maintenance of the pulmonary barrier are highly complex. The airway epithelium, denoting the first pulmonary barrier, encompasses cells releasing a plethora of chemokines and cytokines, and is further covered with a mucus layer containing antimicrobial peptides, which are responsible for the pathogen clearance. Submucosal antigen-presenting cells and neutrophilic granulocytes are also involved in the defense mechanisms and counterregulation of pulmonary infections, and thus may directly affect the pulmonary barrier function. The detailed understanding of the pulmonary barrier including its architecture and functions is crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic treatment strategies of pulmonary diseases. Thus, considering multiple side effects and limited efficacy of current therapeutic treatment strategies in patients with inflammatory diseases make experimental in vitro and in vivo models necessary to improving clinical therapy options. This review describes existing models for studyying the pulmonary barrier function under acute inflammatory conditions, which are meant to improve the translational approaches for outcome predictions, patient monitoring, and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- L Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology in Cooperation with AUVA and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Human Pathology , IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hantos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Severin Gylstorff
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Walles
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Magdeburg University Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Septomics Research Centre, Centre for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Borna Relja,
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15
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Mohgan R, Candasamy M, Mayuren J, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Emerging Paradigms in Bioengineering the Lungs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050195. [PMID: 35621473 PMCID: PMC9137616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In end-stage lung diseases, the shortage of donor lungs for transplantation and long waiting lists are the main culprits in the significantly increasing number of patient deaths. New strategies to curb this issue are being developed with the help of recent advancements in bioengineering technology, with the generation of lung scaffolds as a steppingstone. There are various types of lung scaffolds, namely, acellular scaffolds that are developed via decellularization and recellularization techniques, artificial scaffolds that are synthesized using synthetic, biodegradable, and low immunogenic materials, and hybrid scaffolds which combine the advantageous properties of materials in the development of a desirable lung scaffold. There have also been advances in the design of bioreactors in terms of providing an optimal regenerative environment for the maturation of functional lung tissue over time. In this review, the emerging paradigms in the field of lung tissue bioengineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raxshanaa Mohgan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India;
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia;
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia;
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Capuana E, Fucarino A, Burgio S, Intili G, Manna OM, Pitruzzella A, Brucato V, La Carrubba V, Pavia FC. A dynamic Air Liquid Interface system for in vitro mimicking of the nasal mucosa. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2004-2009. [PMID: 35320583 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of an in vitro 3D model for the growth of the nasal mucosa cells can improve the therapy and the study of pathological states for subjects with chronic airway conditions. We have previously characterized a system consisting of a scaffold with an internal channel and a perfusion bioreactor with two independent flows provided by an external and an internal circuit, respectively. In this paper, this system was designed as a model of the nasal cavity, in which cells, grown on the inner surface of the scaffold channel, would be in contact at the same time with both culture medium, supplied by the external circuit, and air, provided with the internal flow. To ensure adequate nutrient supply to the cells in the scaffold channel, the radial diffusion of the culture medium through the porous matrix was evaluated first in qualitative and, then, in quantitative terms, demonstrating the capability of the system to control the value and direction of this flux. As a preliminary study, the culture of epithelial cells in the scaffold channel is also discussed in static, maintaining the air-liquid-interface (ALI) condition for up to three weeks. Despite minor abnormalities, such as a gap between cell layers and some detachments from the scaffold, the scaffold ensured cell survival and growth during the experimental time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Burgio
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Intili
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Manna
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata-Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Consorzio Universitario Caltanissetta, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 92, 93100, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Carfì Pavia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 6, 90128, Palermo, Italy.,Consorzio Universitario Caltanissetta, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 92, 93100, Caltanissetta, Italy
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17
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Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Guided Self-Assembly of ES-Derived Lung Progenitors into Biomimetic Tube Structures That Impact Cell Differentiation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8120209. [PMID: 34940362 PMCID: PMC8698605 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into defined cell types is a potent strategy for creating regenerative tissue models and cell therapies. In vitro observations suggest that physical cues can augment directed differentiation. We recently demonstrated that confining human PSC-derived lung progenitor cells in a tube with a diameter that mimics those observed during lung development results in the alteration of cell differentiation towards SOX2−SOX9+ lung cells. Here we set out to assess the robustness of this geometric confinement effect with respect to different culture parameters in order to explore the corresponding changes in cell morphometry and determine the feasibility of using such an approach to enhance directed differentiation protocols. Culture of progenitor cells in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubes reliably induced self-organization into tube structures and was insensitive to a variety of extracellular matrix coatings. Cellular morphology and differentiation status were found to be sensitive to the diameter of tube cells that were cultured within but not to seeding density. These data suggest that geometric cues impose constraints on cells, homogenize cellular morphology, and influence fate status.
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19
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Young BM, Antczak LAM, Shankar K, Heise RL. A Two-Step Bioreactor for Decellularized Lung Epithelialization. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:301-310. [PMID: 34500450 DOI: 10.1159/000517622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors for the reseeding of decellularized lung scaffolds have evolved with various advancements, including biomimetic mechanical stimulation, constant nutrient flow, multi-output monitoring, and large mammal scaling. Although dynamic bioreactors are not new to the field of lung bioengineering, ideal conditions during cell seeding have not been extensively studied or controlled. To address the lack of cell dispersal in traditional seeding methods, we have designed a two-step bioreactor. The first step is a novel system that rotates a seeded lung every 20 min at different angles in a sequence designed to anchor 20% of cells to a particular location based on the known rate of attachment. The second step involves perfusion-ventilation culture to ensure nutrient dispersion and cellular growth. Compared to statically seeded lungs, rotationally seeded lungs had significantly increased dsDNA content and more uniform cellular distribution after perfusion and ventilation had been administered. The addition of this novel seeding system before traditional culture methods will aid in recellularizing the lung and other geometrically complex organs for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh-Ann M Antczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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20
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Mahfouzi SH, Safiabadi Tali SH, Amoabediny G. Decellularized human-sized pulmonary scaffolds for lung tissue engineering: a comprehensive review. Regen Med 2021; 16:757-774. [PMID: 34431331 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of lung bioengineering is to produce transplantable lungs for human beings. Therefore, large-scale studies are of high importance. In this paper, we review the investigations on decellularization and recellularization of human-sized lung scaffolds. First, studies that introduce new ways to enhance the decellularization of large-scale lungs are reviewed, followed by the investigations on the xenogeneic sources of lung scaffolds. Then, decellularization and recellularization of diseased lung scaffolds are discussed to assess their usefulness for tissue engineering applications. Next, the use of stem cells in recellularizing acellular lung scaffolds is reviewed, followed by the case studies on the transplantation of bioengineered lungs. Finally, the remaining challenges are discussed, and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Liu J, Peng D, You J, Zhou O, Qiu H, Hao C, Chen H, Fu Z, Zou L. Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells Differentiated from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Mouse Pulmonary Fibrosis Through β-Catenin-Regulated Cell Apoptosis. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:660-670. [PMID: 33899513 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and lethal disease with little response to available therapies. One of the major mechanisms of PF is the repeated injury and inadequate regeneration of the alveolar epithelium. In this study, we induced human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to differentiate into type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s), and we provided evidence that intratracheal transplantation of hUC-MSC-derived AEC2s (MSC-AEC2s) could improve mortality and alleviate fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF mice. Transplantation of MSC-AEC2s could increase the AEC2 cell count in these mice, and the results of the cell tracing experiment exhibited that the increased AEC2s originated from the self-renewal of mouse alveolar epithelium. The AEC2 survival was controlled by the apoptosis of AEC2s via the expression of β-catenin in PF mice. In in vitro experiments, MSC-AEC2s could alleviate the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), which could be eliminated by using PRI-724, a β-catenin inhibitor, suggesting β-catenin signaling involved in the protection against apoptosis provided by MSC-AEC2s. Our study demonstrated that MSC-AEC2s could protect PF mice through regulating apoptosis mediated by β-catenin, which provided a viable strategy for the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi You
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ou Zhou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Qiu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Hao
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatric, the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Nossa R, Costa J, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Breathing in vitro: Designs and applications of engineered lung models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008696. [PMID: 33996022 PMCID: PMC8107677 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a systematic design guideline to users, particularly engineers interested in developing and deploying lung models, and biologists seeking to identify a suitable platform for conducting in vitro experiments involving pulmonary cells or tissues. We first discuss the state of the art on lung in vitro models, describing the most simplistic and traditional ones. Then, we analyze in further detail the more complex dynamic engineered systems that either provide mechanical cues, or allow for more predictive exposure studies, or in some cases even both. This is followed by a dedicated section on microchips of the lung. Lastly, we present a critical discussion of the different characteristics of each type of system and the criteria which may help researchers select the most appropriate technology according to their specific requirements. Readers are encouraged to refer to the tables accompanying the different sections where comprehensive and quantitative information on the operating parameters and performance of the different systems reported in the literature is provided.
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23
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Mahfouzi SH, Amoabediny G, Safiabadi Tali SH. Advances in bioreactors for lung bioengineering: From scalable cell culture to tissue growth monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2142-2167. [PMID: 33629350 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung bioengineering has emerged to resolve the current lung transplantation limitations and risks, including the shortage of donor organs and the high rejection rate of transplanted lungs. One of the most critical elements of lung bioengineering is bioreactors. Bioreactors with different applications have been developed in the last decade for lung bioengineering approaches, aiming to produce functional reproducible tissue constructs. Here, the current status and advances made in the development and application of bioreactors for bioengineering lungs are comprehensively reviewed. First, bioreactor design criteria are explained, followed by a discussion on using bioreactors as a culture system for scalable expansion and proliferation of lung cells, such as producing epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Next, bioreactor systems facilitating and improving decellularization and recellularization of lung tissues are discussed, highlighting the studies that developed bioreactors for producing engineered human-sized lungs. Then, monitoring bioreactors are reviewed, showing their ability to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions for maturing engineered lung tissues, followed by an explanation on the ability of ex vivo lung perfusion systems for reconditioning the lungs before transplantation. After that, lung cancer studies simplified by bioreactors are discussed, showing the potentials of bioreactors in lung disease modeling. Finally, other platforms with the potential of facilitating lung bioengineering are described, including the in vivo bioreactors and lung-on-a-chip models. In the end, concluding remarks and future directions are put forward to accelerate lung bioengineering using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Huang L, Yuan W, Hong Y, Fan S, Yao X, Ren T, Song L, Yang G, Zhang Y. 3D printed hydrogels with oxidized cellulose nanofibers and silk fibroin for the proliferation of lung epithelial stem cells. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:241-257. [PMID: 33132545 PMCID: PMC7590576 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomaterial ink consisting of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) nanofibrils was developed for 3D printing lung tissue scaffold. Silk fibroin backbones were cross-linked using horseradish peroxide/H2O2 to form printed hydrogel scaffolds. OBC with a concentration of 7wt% increased the viscosity of inks during the printing process and further improved the shape fidelity of the scaffolds. Rheological measurements and image analyses were performed to evaluate inks printability and print shape fidelity. Three-dimensional construct with ten layers could be printed with ink of 1SF-2OBC (SF/OBC = 1/2, w/w). The composite hydrogel of 1SF-1OBC (SF/OBC = 1/1, w/w) printed at 25 °C exhibited a significantly improved compressive strength of 267 ± 13 kPa and a compressive stiffness of 325 ± 14 kPa at 30% strain, respectively. The optimized printing parameters for 1SF-1OBC were 0.3 bar of printing pressure, 45 mm/s of printing speed and 410 μm of nozzle diameter. Furthermore, OBC nanofibrils could be induced to align along the print lines over 60% degree of orientation, which were analyzed by SEM and X-ray diffraction. The orientation of OBC nanofibrils along print lines provided physical cues for guiding the orientation of lung epithelial stem cells, which maintained the ability to proliferate and kept epithelial phenotype after 7 days' culture. The 3D printed SF-OBC scaffolds are promising for applications in lung tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Suna Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujie Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Oriental Institute for Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gesheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
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Parekh KR, Nawroth J, Pai A, Busch SM, Senger CN, Ryan AL. Stem cells and lung regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C675-C693. [PMID: 32783658 PMCID: PMC7654650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to replace defective cells in an airway with cells that can engraft, integrate, and restore a functional epithelium could potentially cure a number of lung diseases. Progress toward the development of strategies to regenerate the adult lung by either in vivo or ex vivo targeting of endogenous stem cells or pluripotent stem cell derivatives is limited by our fundamental lack of understanding of the mechanisms controlling human lung development, the precise identity and function of human lung stem and progenitor cell types, and the genetic and epigenetic control of human lung fate. In this review, we intend to discuss the known stem/progenitor cell populations, their relative differences between rodents and humans, their roles in chronic lung disease, and their therapeutic prospects. Additionally, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that have increased our understanding of these cell types. These advancements include novel lineage-traced animal models and single-cell RNA sequencing of human airway cells, which have provided critical information on the stem cell subtypes, transition states, identifying cell markers, and intricate pathways that commit a stem cell to differentiate or to maintain plasticity. As our capacity to model the human lung evolves, so will our understanding of lung regeneration and our ability to target endogenous stem cells as a therapeutic approach for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Pai
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shana M Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christiana N Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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26
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Alvarez-Palomo B, Sanchez-Lopez LI, Moodley Y, Edel MJ, Serrano-Mollar A. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung alveolar epithelial type II cells reduce damage in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32493487 PMCID: PMC7268474 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, and severe disease with a limited response to currently available therapies. Epithelial cell injury and failure of appropriate healing or regeneration are central to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intratracheal transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can stop and reverse the fibrotic process in an experimental model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells and characterized. Lung fibrosis was induced in rats by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Animals were transplanted with human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells at a dose of 3 × 106 cells/animal 15 days after endotracheal bleomycin instillation when the animal lungs were already fibrotic. Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the induction of lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was assessed by hydroxiprolin content, histologic studies, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin. Results Cell transplantation of alveolar type II-like cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells can significantly reduce pulmonary fibrosis and improve lung alveolar structure, once fibrosis has already formed. This is associated with the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin in the damaged rat lung tissue. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first data to demonstrate that at the fibrotic stage of the disease, intratracheal transplantation of human induced pluripotent differentiated to alveolar type II-like cells halts and reverses fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Alvarez-Palomo
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Passeig Taulat 116, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ignacio Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Edel
- Harry Perkins Research Institute, Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCTRM), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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In vitro modelling of alveolar repair at the air-liquid interface using alveolar epithelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5499. [PMID: 32218519 PMCID: PMC7099095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on acute and chronic lung diseases would greatly benefit from reproducible availability of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Primary alveolar epithelial cells can be derived from human lung tissue but the quality of these cells is highly donor dependent. Here, we demonstrated that culture of EpCAM+ cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) at the physiological air-liquid interface (ALI) resulted in type 2 AEC-like cells (iAEC2) with alveolar characteristics. iAEC2 cells expressed native AEC2 markers (surfactant proteins and LPCAT-1) and contained lamellar bodies. ALI-iAEC2 were used to study alveolar repair over a period of 2 weeks following mechanical wounding of the cultures and the responses were compared with those obtained using primary AEC2 (pAEC2) isolated from resected lung tissue. Addition of the Wnt/β-catenin activator CHIR99021 reduced wound closure in the iAEC2 cultures but not pAEC2 cultures. This was accompanied by decreased surfactant protein expression and accumulation of podoplanin-positive cells at the wound edge. These results demonstrated the feasibility of studying alveolar repair using hiPSC-AEC2 cultured at the ALI and indicated that this model can be used in the future to study modulation of alveolar repair by (pharmaceutical) compounds.
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28
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In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo methods of lung absorption for inhaled drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:63-74. [PMID: 32763274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The assessment and prediction of lung absorption and disposition are an increasingly essential preclinical task for successful discovery and product development of inhaled drugs for both local and systemic delivery. Hence, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo preclinical methods of lung absorption continue to evolve with several technical, methodological and analytical refinements. As in vitro lung epithelial cell monolayer models, the air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured Calu-3 cells have most frequently been used, but the NCI-H441 and hAELVi cells have now been proposed as the first immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells capable of forming highly-restricted monolayers. The primary ALI-cultured three-dimensional (3D) human lung cell barriers have also become available; efforts to incorporate aerosol drug deposition into the in vitro lung cell models continue; and stem cell-derived lung epithelial cells and "lung-on-a-chip" technology are emerging. The ex vivo isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL) methods have increasing been used, as they enable the kinetic determination of tissue/organ-level diffusive and membrane protein-mediated absorption and competing non-absorptive loss; the assessment of "pre-epithelial" aerosol biopharmaceutical events in the lung, such as dissolution and release; and the ex vivo-to-in vivo extrapolation and prediction. Even so, in vivo small rodent-based methods have been of mainstay use, while large animal-based methods find an additional opportunity to study region-dependent lung absorption and disposition. It is also exciting that human pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and systemic exposures for inhaled drugs/molecules may be able to be predicted from these in vivo rodent PK data following lung delivery using kinetic modeling approach with allometric scaling. Overall, the value of these preclinical assessments appears to have shifted more to their translational capability of predicting local lung and systemic exposure in humans, in addition to rationalizing optimal inhaled dosage form and delivery system for drugs/molecules in question. It is critically important therefore to make appropriate selection and timely exploitation of the best models at each stage of drug discovery and development program for efficient progress toward product approval and clinical use.
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29
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Varma R, Soleas JP, Waddell TK, Karoubi G, McGuigan AP. Current strategies and opportunities to manufacture cells for modeling human lungs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:90-109. [PMID: 32835746 PMCID: PMC7442933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases remain major healthcare burdens, for which the only curative treatment is lung transplantation. In vitro human models are promising platforms for identifying and testing novel compounds to potentially decrease this burden. Directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an important strategy to generate lung cells to create such models. Current lung directed differentiation protocols are limited as they do not 1) recapitulate the diversity of respiratory epithelium, 2) generate consistent or sufficient cell numbers for drug discovery platforms, and 3) establish the histologic tissue-level organization critical for modeling lung function. In this review, we describe how lung development has formed the basis for directed differentiation protocols, and discuss the utility of available protocols for lung epithelial cell generation and drug development. We further highlight tissue engineering strategies for manipulating biophysical signals during directed differentiation such that future protocols can recapitulate both chemical and physical cues present during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Varma
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John P Soleas
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
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30
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Momozane T, Fukui E, Funaki S, Fujii M, Kinehara Y, Ito E, Miyagawa S, Ohno Y, Sawa Y, Okumura M, Shintani Y. Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Alveolar Epithelium Type II with a BRD4 Inhibitor. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1271682. [PMID: 31949433 PMCID: PMC6948319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1271682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has continued to progress for lung biology and lung diseases. Efforts have focused on a variety of different applications for pluripotent stem cells. Several groups have reported successful methods for inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the airway epithelium such as alveolar epithelium type II (ATII). However, differentiation efficiency varies among reports and improvements are needed. In the present paper, we propose a novel method for elimination of residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs using JQ1, a potent inhibitor of bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins, for efficient differentiation into ATII. First, the murine iPSC line 20D-17 was induced to differentiate into ATII over a period of 26 days (days 0-26) using previously reported embryoid body seeding and stepwise differentiation methods. mRNA expressions of differentiation markers including surfactant protein C (Sftpc) were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, and 17% of the cells were shown positive for prosurfactant protein C (proSPC) in flow cytometry analysis. Next, those cells were cultured three-dimensionally in Matrigel for an additional 14 days (days 26-40), during which JQ1 was added for 4 days (days 28-32) to remove residual undifferentiated iPSCs. As a result, on day 40, the mRNA expression level of Sftpc in the three-dimensional culture was maintained at the same level as on day 26 and shown to be further increased by the addition of JQ1, with 39% of the cells found to express proSPC, showing that differentiation efficiency could be further increased. Three-dimensional culture with BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 improved the differentiation induction efficiency to ATII by removing residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs during the differentiation induction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Momozane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kinehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Bluhmki T, Traub S, Schruf E, Garnett J, Gantner F, Bischoff D, Heilker R. Differentiation of hiPS Cells into Definitive Endoderm for High-Throughput Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1994:101-115. [PMID: 31124108 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9477-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In drug discovery, there is an increasing demand for more physiological in vitro models that recapitulate the disease situation in patients. Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell-derived model cells could serve this purpose. To date, several directed differentiation approaches have been described to generate definitive endoderm (DE) from hiPS cells, but protocols suitable for drug development and high-throughput screening (HTS) have not been reported yet. In this work, a large-scale expansion of hiPS cells for high-throughput adaption is presented and an optimized stepwise differentiation of hiPS cells into DE cells is described. The produced DE cells were demonstrated to express classical DE markers on the gene expression and protein level. The here described DE cells are multipotent progenitors and act as starting points for a broad spectrum of endodermal model cells in HTS and other areas of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Bluhmki
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Eva Schruf
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - James Garnett
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ralf Heilker
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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32
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Tamò L, Hibaoui Y, Kallol S, Alves MP, Albrecht C, Hostettler KE, Feki A, Rougier JS, Abriel H, Knudsen L, Gazdhar A, Geiser T. Generation of an alveolar epithelial type II cell line from induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L921-L932. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00357.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of primary alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC II) to AEC type I in culture is a major barrier in the study of the alveolar epithelium in vitro. The establishment of an AEC II cell line derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represents a novel opportunity to study alveolar epithelial cell biology, for instance, in the context of lung injury, fibrosis, and repair. In the present study, we generated long-lasting AEC II from iPSC (LL-iPSC-AEC II). LL-iPSC-AEC II displayed morphological characteristics of AEC II, including growth in a cobblestone monolayer, the presence of lamellar bodies, and microvilli, as shown by electron microscopy. Also, LL-iPSC-AEC II expressed AEC type II proteins, such as cytokeratin, surfactant protein C, and LysoTracker DND 26 (a marker for lamellar bodies). Furthermore, the LL-iPSC-AEC II exhibited functional properties of AEC II by an increase of transepithelial electrical resistance over time, secretion of inflammatory mediators in biologically relevant quantities (IL-6 and IL-8), and efficient in vitro alveolar epithelial wound repair. Consistent with the AEC II phenotype, the cell line showed the ability to uptake and release surfactant protein B, to secrete phospholipids, and to differentiate into AEC type I. In summary, we established a long-lasting, but finite AEC type II cell line derived from iPSC as a novel cellular model to study alveolar epithelial cell biology in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tamò
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Hibaoui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sampada Kallol
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin E. Hostettler
- Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anis Feki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Hugues Abriel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amiq Gazdhar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gkatzis K, Taghizadeh S, Huh D, Stainier DYR, Bellusci S. Use of three-dimensional organoids and lung-on-a-chip methods to study lung development, regeneration and disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00876-2018. [PMID: 30262579 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00876-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Differences in lung anatomy between mice and humans, as well as frequently disappointing results when using animal models for drug discovery, emphasise the unmet need for in vitro models that can complement animal studies and improve our understanding of human lung physiology, regeneration and disease. Recent papers have highlighted the use of three-dimensional organoids and organs-on-a-chip to mimic tissue morphogenesis and function in vitro Here, we focus on the respiratory system and provide an overview of these in vitro models, which can be derived from primary lung cells and pluripotent stem cells, as well as healthy or diseased lungs. We emphasise their potential application in studies of respiratory development, regeneration and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkatzis
- Dept of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Dept of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Dept of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany and German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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34
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Hayashi M, Yamamoto N, Hiramatsu N, Isogai S, Gotoh Y, Goto Y, Kondo M, Imaizumi K. A basic study on self-reconstitution of alveolar epithelium-like cells by tissue stem cells in mouse lung. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:648-657. [PMID: 30145679 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent research on regenerative medicine, three-dimensional (3D) tissue reconstruction using the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell) differentiated cells has attracted attention. In this study, mouse lungs at 1.5, 10, and 20 d old were subjected to enzyme treatment, and aggregates formed in serum-free suspension culture (3D-culture) were observed. The number of aggregates formed was the highest in 1.5 d. The cell aggregates in which the interior of the aggregate is filled and form small vacuoles and the organoid-like aggregates having a relatively large vacuole inside and forming the alveolar-like structure were observed. At 1.5 d, the formation ratio of the organoid-like aggregates was the highest and aggregate size was small at 20 d. For the cell aggregates derived from 1.5 d, positive cells of SSEA-1, CD29, CD90, CD105, alveolar epithelial stem cell marker of SP-C, and Sca-1 were observed in the center. In the cell aggregates derived from 10 d, the expression level of 1.5 d each protein markers and OCT4 gene of transcription factor was decreased, and furthermore, markers were hardly observed in the organoid-like aggregates derived from 10 d. In addition, cells surrounding the vacuole of organoid-like aggregate obtained over 10 d differentiated into periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), podoplanin-positive cells. When the formed cell aggregates were dispersed, cell aggregates and organoid-like aggregates were reformed. Comparing 3D-culture and adhesion culture (2D-culture), SP-C expression of 10 d of cells was maintained. Expression of markers of undifferentiated markers and alveolar tissue stem cells decreased when cell aggregates were cultured with the addition of fetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Regenerative Medicine Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Joint Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sumito Isogai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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35
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De Santis MM, Bölükbas DA, Lindstedt S, Wagner DE. How to build a lung: latest advances and emerging themes in lung bioengineering. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01355-2016. [PMID: 29903859 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01355-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The only option at end-stage disease is lung transplantation, but there are not enough donor lungs to meet clinical demand. Alternative options to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation are urgently required to close the gap on this unmet clinical need. A growing number of tissue engineering approaches are exploring the potential to generate lung tissue ex vivo for transplantation. Both biologically derived and manufactured scaffolds seeded with cells and grown ex vivo have been explored in pre-clinical studies, with the eventual goal of generating functional pulmonary tissue for transplantation. Recently, there have been significant efforts to scale-up cell culture methods to generate adequate cell numbers for human-scale bioengineering approaches. Concomitantly, there have been exciting efforts in designing bioreactors that allow for appropriate cell seeding and development of functional lung tissue over time. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art progress for each of these areas and to discuss promising new ideas within the field of lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M De Santis
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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36
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Yi T, Huang S, Liu G, Li T, Kang Y, Luo Y, Wu J. Bioreactor Synergy with 3D Scaffolds: New Era for Stem Cells Culture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:193-209. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoxiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Composites and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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37
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Gilpin SE, Wagner DE. Acellular human lung scaffolds to model lung disease and tissue regeneration. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180021. [PMID: 29875137 PMCID: PMC9488127 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in whole lung bioengineering have opened new doors for studying lung repair and regeneration ex vivo using acellular human derived lung tissue scaffolds. Methods to decellularise whole human lungs, lobes or resected segments from normal and diseased human lungs have been developed using both perfusion and immersion based techniques. Immersion based techniques allow laboratories without access to intact lobes the ability to generate acellular human lung scaffolds. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be further processed into small segments, thin slices or extracellular matrix extracts, to study cell behaviour such as viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent studies have offered important proof of concept of generating sufficient primary endothelial and lung epithelial cells to recellularise whole lobes that can be maintained for several days ex vivo in a bioreactor to study regeneration. In parallel, acellular human lung scaffolds have been increasingly used for studying cell–extracellular environment interactions. These studies have helped provide new insights into the role of the matrix and the extracellular environment in chronic human lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acellular human lung scaffolds are a versatile new tool for studying human lung repair and regeneration ex vivo. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be used as diverse tools to study lung disease and tissue regeneration ex vivohttp://ow.ly/ZS0l30k9MEH
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lund University, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund, Sweden .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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38
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Farré R, Otero J, Almendros I, Navajas D. Bioengineered Lungs: A Challenge and An Opportunity. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:31-38. [PMID: 29102342 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung biofabrication is a new tissue engineering and regenerative development aimed at providing organs for potential use in transplantation. Lung biofabrication is based on seeding cells into an acellular organ scaffold and on culturing them in an especial purpose bioreactor. The acellular lung scaffold is obtained by decellularizing a non-transplantable donor lung by means of conventional procedures based on application of physical, enzymatic and detergent agents. To avoid immune recipient's rejection of the transplanted bioengineered lung, autologous bone marrow/adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, lung progenitor cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are used for biofabricating the bioengineered lung. The bioreactor applies circulatory perfusion and mechanical ventilation with physiological parameters to the lung during biofabrication. These physical stimuli to the organ are translated into the stem cell local microenvironment - e.g. shear stress and cyclic stretch - so that cells sense the physiological conditions in normally functioning mature lungs. After seminal proof of concept in a rodent model was published in 2010, the hypothesis that lungs can be biofabricated is accepted and intense research efforts are being devoted to the topic. The current experimental evidence obtained so far in animal tests and in ex vivo human bioengineered lungs suggests that the date of first clinical tests, although not immediate, is coming. Lung bioengineering is a disrupting concept that poses a challenge for improving our basic science knowledge and is also an opportunity for facilitating lung transplantation in future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Otero
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Guillamat-Prats R, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Bringué J, Tantinyà N, Artigas A. Cell therapy for the treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:446. [PMID: 29264363 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.08.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life threating diseases with high mortality and morbidity in all the critical care units around the world. After decades of research, and numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials, sepsis and ARDS remain without a specific and effective pharmacotherapy and essentially the management remains supportive. In the last years cell therapies gained potential as a therapeutic treatment for ARDS and sepsis. Based on numerous pre-clinical studies, there is a growing evidence of the potential benefits of cell based therapies for the treatment of sepsis and ARDS. Several cell types are used in the last years for the treatment of both syndromes showing high efficiency. Embryonic stem cells (ESC), multipotent stem (or stromal) cells (MSC) and epithelial progenitors cells (EpPC) have been used for both diseases. Nowadays, the major part of the pre-clinical studies are using MSC, however other relevant groups are also using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for the treatment of both syndromes and alveolar type II cells for ARDS treatment. Numerous questions need further study including: determining the best source for the progenitor cells isolation, their large scale production and cryopreservation. Also, the heterogeneity of patients with sepsis and ARDS is massive, and establish a target population or the stratification of the patients will help us to determine better the therapeutic effect of these cell therapies. In this review we are going to describe briefly the different cell types, their potential sources and characteristics and mechanism of action. Here, also we elucidate the results of several pre-clicinical and clinical studies in ARDS and in sepsis and the future directions of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guillamat-Prats
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Bringué
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Tantinyà
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
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41
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Kardia E, Mohamed R, Yahaya BH. Stimulatory Secretions of Airway Epithelial Cells Accelerate Early Repair of Tracheal Epithelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11732. [PMID: 28916766 PMCID: PMC5601923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway stem/progenitor epithelial cells (AECs) are notable for their differentiation capacities in response to lung injury. Our previous finding highlighted the regenerative capacity of AECs following transplantation in repairing tracheal injury and reducing the severity of alveolar damage associated acute lung injury in a rabbit model. The goal of this study is to further investigate the potential of AECs to re-populate the tracheal epithelium and to study their stimulatory effect on inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial cell migration and proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process following tracheal injury. Two in vitro culture assays were applied in this study; the direct co-culture assay that involved a culture of decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AECs in a rotating tube, and indirect co-culture assay that utilized microporous membrane-well chamber system to separate the partially decellularised tracheal epithelium explants and AEC culture. The co-culture assays provided evidence of the stimulatory behaviour of AECs to enhance tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and migration during early wound repair. Factors that were secreted by AECs also markedly suppressed the production of IL-1β and IL-6 and initiated the EMT process during tracheal remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egi Kardia
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rafeezul Mohamed
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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42
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Miller AJ, Spence JR. In Vitro Models to Study Human Lung Development, Disease and Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:246-260. [PMID: 28404740 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to support gas exchange, and defects in lung development or diseases affecting the structure and function of the lung can have fatal consequences. Most of what we currently understand about human lung development and disease has come from animal models. However, animal models are not always fully able to recapitulate human lung development and disease, highlighting an area where in vitro models of the human lung can compliment animal models to further understanding of critical developmental and pathological mechanisms. This review will discuss current advances in generating in vitro human lung models using primary human tissue, cell lines, and human pluripotent stem cell derived lung tissue, and will discuss crucial next steps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Miller
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason R Spence
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; .,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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43
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Recellularization on Acellular Lung Tissue Scaffold Using Perfusion-Based Bioreactor: An Online Monitoring Strategy. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Nonaka PN, Uriarte JJ, Campillo N, Oliveira VR, Navajas D, Farré R. Lung bioengineering: physical stimuli and stem/progenitor cell biology interplay towards biofabricating a functional organ. Respir Res 2016; 17:161. [PMID: 27894293 PMCID: PMC5126992 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A current approach to obtain bioengineered lungs as a future alternative for transplantation is based on seeding stem cells on decellularized lung scaffolds. A fundamental question to be solved in this approach is how to drive stem cell differentiation onto the different lung cell phenotypes. Whereas the use of soluble factors as agents to modulate the fate of stem cells was established from an early stage of the research with this type of cells, it took longer to recognize that the physical microenvironment locally sensed by stem cells (e.g. substrate stiffness, 3D architecture, cyclic stretch, shear stress, air-liquid interface, oxygenation gradient) also contributes to their differentiation. The potential role played by physical stimuli would be particularly relevant in lung bioengineering since cells within the organ are physiologically subjected to two main stimuli required to facilitate efficient gas exchange: air ventilation and blood perfusion across the organ. The present review focuses on describing how the cell mechanical microenvironment can modulate stem cell differentiation and how these stimuli could be incorporated into lung bioreactors for optimizing organ bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Nonaka
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Campillo
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vinicius R Oliveira
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Long Term Culture of the A549 Cancer Cell Line Promotes Multilamellar Body Formation and Differentiation towards an Alveolar Type II Pneumocyte Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164438. [PMID: 27792742 PMCID: PMC5085087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary research requires models that represent the physiology of alveolar epithelium but concerns with reproducibility, consistency and the technical and ethical challenges of using primary or stem cells has resulted in widespread use of continuous cancer or other immortalized cell lines. The A549 ‘alveolar’ cell line has been available for over four decades but there is an inconsistent view as to its suitability as an appropriate model for primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Since most work with A549 cells involves short term culture of proliferating cells, we postulated that culture conditions that reduced proliferation of the cancer cells would promote a more differentiated ATII cell phenotype. We examined A549 cell growth in different media over long term culture and then used microarray analysis to investigate temporal regulation of pathways involved in cell cycle and ATII differentiation; we also made comparisons with gene expression in freshly isolated human ATII cells. Analyses indicated that long term culture in Ham’s F12 resulted in substantial modulation of cell cycle genes to result in a quiescent population of cells with significant up-regulation of autophagic, differentiation and lipidogenic pathways. There were also increased numbers of up- and down-regulated genes shared with primary cells suggesting adoption of ATII characteristics and multilamellar body (MLB) development. Subsequent Oil Red-O staining and Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed MLB expression in the differentiated A549 cells. This work defines a set of conditions for promoting ATII differentiation characteristics in A549 cells that may be advantageous for studies with this cell line.
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46
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Dye BR, Dedhia PH, Miller AJ, Nagy MS, White ES, Shea LD, Spence JR. A bioengineered niche promotes in vivo engraftment and maturation of pluripotent stem cell derived human lung organoids. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27677847 PMCID: PMC5089859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived tissues often remain developmentally immature in vitro, and become more adult-like in their structure, cellular diversity and function following transplantation into immunocompromised mice. Previously we have demonstrated that hPSC-derived human lung organoids (HLOs) resembled human fetal lung tissue in vitro (Dye et al., 2015). Here we show that HLOs required a bioartificial microporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffold niche for successful engraftment, long-term survival, and maturation of lung epithelium in vivo. Analysis of scaffold-grown transplanted tissue showed airway-like tissue with enhanced epithelial structure and organization compared to HLOs grown in vitro. By further comparing in vitro and in vivo grown HLOs with fetal and adult human lung tissue, we found that in vivo transplanted HLOs had improved cellular differentiation of secretory lineages that is reflective of differences between fetal and adult tissue, resulting in airway-like structures that were remarkably similar to the native adult human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R Dye
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Melinda S Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Eric S White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
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47
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Doryab A, Amoabediny G, Salehi-Najafabadi A. Advances in pulmonary therapy and drug development: Lung tissue engineering to lung-on-a-chip. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:588-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Site-Specific Genome Engineering in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071000. [PMID: 27347935 PMCID: PMC4964376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to generate patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers an unprecedented potential of applications in clinical therapy and medical research. Human iPSCs and their differentiated derivatives are tools for diseases modelling, drug discovery, safety pharmacology, and toxicology. Moreover, they allow for the engineering of bioartificial tissue and are promising candidates for cellular therapies. For many of these applications, the ability to genetically modify pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is indispensable, but efficient site-specific and safe technologies for genetic engineering of PSCs were developed only recently. By now, customized engineered nucleases provide excellent tools for targeted genome editing, opening new perspectives for biomedical research and cellular therapies.
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Dye BR, Miller AJ, Spence JR. How to Grow a Lung: Applying Principles of Developmental Biology to Generate Lung Lineages from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:47-57. [PMID: 27340610 PMCID: PMC4882378 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting human lung development and adult respiratory function has stimulated great interest in new in vitro models to study the human lung. This review summarizes the most recent breakthroughs deriving lung lineages in a dish by directing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. A variety of culturing platforms have been developed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional (organoid) culture platforms, to derive specific cell types and structures of the lung. These stem cell-derived lung models will further our understanding of human lung development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Dye
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
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Aufderheide M, Förster C, Beschay M, Branscheid D, Emura M. A new computer-controlled air-liquid interface cultivation system for the generation of differentiated cell cultures of the airway epithelium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:77-87. [PMID: 26507834 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased application of in vitro systems in pharmacology and toxicology requires cell culture systems that facilitate the cultivation process and ensure stable, reproducible and controllable cultivation conditions. Up to now, some devices have been developed for the cultivation of cells under submersed conditions. However, systems meeting the requirements of an air-liquid interface (ALI) cultivation for the special needs of bronchial epithelial cells for example are still lacking. In order to obtain in vivo like organization and differentiation of these cells they need to be cultivated under ALI conditions on microporous membranes in direct contact with the environmental atmosphere. For this purpose, a Long-Term-Cultivation system was developed (CULTEX(®) LTC-C system) for the computer-controlled cultivation of such cells. The transwell inserts are placed in an incubator module (24 inserts), which can be adjusted for the medium level (ultrasonic pulse-echosensor), time and volume-dependent medium exchange, and frequency for mixing the medium with a rotating disc for homogeneous distribution of medium and secretion components. Normal primary freshly isolated bronchial epithelial cells were cultivated for up to 38 days to show the efficiency of such a cultivation procedure for generating 3D cultures exhibiting in vivo-like pseudostratified organization of the cells as well as differentiation characteristics like mucus-producing and cilia-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstr. 41, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Morris Beschay
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Detlev Branscheid
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bielefeld Evangelical Hospital, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Makito Emura
- Cultex Laboratories GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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