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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Soltani Z, Shariatpanahi M, Aghsami M, Owliaey H, Kheradmand A. Investigating the effect of exposure to monosodium glutamate during pregnancy on development of autism in male rat offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114464. [PMID: 38244665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In present study, we investigated the relationship between the pregnancy exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) and autism development in male offspring of rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated into five groups. The first group was control group that pregnant animals received normal saline orally from day 1-18 of pregnancy. Group 2, 3 and 4 pregnant rats received different doses (1.5, 5 and 10 g/kg) of MSG by the same way respectively. Group 5 received 500 mg/kg of Valproic acid (VPA) on the 12.5th day of pregnancy. Different behavioral tests including marble burying, self-grooming, and Barnes maze test were performed on offspring. The levels of glutamate and GSH markers were also measured. The results showed that MSG similar to VPA led to induction of autistic anxiety and repetitive behaviors. It could also deteriorate the spatial memory. Besides we found that behavioral symptoms potentiated with increasing the MSG dosage. Similarly, we had an increase in glutamate and a reduction in GSH levels in offspring. Findings indicated that MSG was able to induce autism in offspring of rats in a dose-dependent way. This effect could be through increasing of glutamate and reduction of GSH. Consequently, MSG should be avoided during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Soltani
- School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Shariatpanahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Owliaey
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Kheradmand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pradel-Mora JJ, Marín G, Castillo-Rangel C, Hernández-Contreras KA, Vichi-Ramírez MM, Zarate-Calderon C, Herran Motta FS. Oxidative Stress in Postbariatric Patients: A Systematic Literature Review Exploring the Long-term Effects of Bariatric Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5646. [PMID: 38515558 PMCID: PMC10956951 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The present study investigates the impact of oxidative stress after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. This field of study has gained great interest in recent years due to the role that oxidative stress plays in metabolic diseases. Obesity, by itself, can generate an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, intensifying cellular damage and promoting the progression of adverse metabolic conditions. In this context, bariatric surgery emerges as a candidate capable of modifying oxidative stress biomarkers, facilitating the patient's metabolic recovery. Methods A systematic review was carried out, identifying 30 studies found in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. It looked at the link between oxidative stress and recovery after bariatric surgery in patients. The selection of studies was based on the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers before and after surgical intervention. Results The results reveal a significant decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers after bariatric surgery. However, a notable variability in antioxidant activity is observed between different patients, as well as a significant influence of comorbidities. Conclusions Bariatric surgery is postulated as an effective intervention in reducing oxidative stress in patients with obesity, enhancing antioxidant activity and improving patient recovery. This finding highlights the importance of considering oxidative stress management as an integral part of postoperative care, suggesting the need to implement complementary treatment strategies to optimize health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Juliana Pradel-Mora
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Marín
- Neural Dynamics and Modulation Lab, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carlos Castillo-Rangel
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Hospital Regional 1º de Octubre,” Institute of Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Fanny Stella Herran Motta
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Centro Médico Nacional 20 de noviembre,” Institute of Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE), Mexico City, Mexico
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Karagac MS, Ceylan H. Neuroprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Neurotoxic Outputs of Monosodium Glutamate in Rat Cerebral Cortex. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:670-680. [PMID: 37713032 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate in monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is widely used in the food industry, has an important role in major brain functions such as memory, learning, synapse formation, and stabilization. However, extensive use of MSG has been linked with neurotoxicity. Therefore, in addition to clarifying the underlying mechanisms of MSG-induced neurotoxicity, it is also important to determine safe agents that can diminish the damage caused by MSG. Tannic acid (TA) is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol that exhibits versatile physiological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, and radical scavenging. This study was conducted to assess the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of these two dietary components in the rat cerebral cortex. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups and were treated with MSG (2 g/kg) and TA (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination for 3 weeks. Alterations in oxidative stress indicators (MDA and GSH) were measured in the cortex tissues. In addition, changes in enzymatic activities and gene expression patterns of antioxidant system components (GST, GPx, CAT, and SOD) were investigated. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of FoxO transcription factors (Foxo1 and Foxo3) and apoptotic markers (Casp3 and Casp9) were assessed. Results revealed that dietary TA intake significantly rehabilitated MSG-induced dysregulation in cortical tissue by regulating redox balance, cellular homeostasis, and apoptosis. The present study proposes that MSG-induced detrimental effects on cortical tissue are potentially mitigated by TA via modulation of oxidative stress, cell metabolism, and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine Sibel Karagac
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Parra-Naranjo A, Delgado-Montemayor C, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman-Minsky N. Bioactivity of the Genus Turnera: A Review of the Last 10 Years. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1573. [PMID: 38004438 PMCID: PMC10675026 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Turnera is a genus of plants whose biological activity has been widely studied. The importance of this genus, particularly Turnera diffusa, as a source of treatment for various conditions is evidenced by the large number of new studies that have evaluated its biological activity. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to compile the information published in the last ten years concerning the biological activities reported for Turnera spp. The present work includes 92 publications that evaluate 29 bioactivities and toxicological and genotoxic information on five species of this genus. Among the pharmacological effects reported, the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and aphrodisiac activities seem more promising. Phytochemicals and standardized plant extracts could offer alternative therapeutic remedies for various diseases. Although several flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, and fatty acids have been isolated for Turnera plants, future research should focus on the identification of the main active principles responsible for these pharmacological activities, as well as to perform clinical trials to support the laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noemí Waksman-Minsky
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico; (A.P.-N.); (C.D.-M.); (R.S.-A.)
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Moldovan OL, Vari CE, Tero-Vescan A, Cotoi OS, Cocuz IG, Tabaran FA, Pop R, Fülöp I, Chis RF, Lungu IA, Rusu A. Potential Defence Mechanisms Triggered by Monosodium Glutamate Sub-Chronic Consumption in Two-Year-Old Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4436. [PMID: 37892513 PMCID: PMC10610236 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid (GLA), used as a flavour enhancer. MSG is considered a controversial substance. It is incriminated in disturbing the antioxidant system, but also has beneficial effects, as GLA metabolism plays a crucial role in homeostasis. This study highlights which positive or negative aspects of MSG sub-chronic consumption are better reflected in subjects potentially affected by advanced age. Daily doses of MSG were administered to four groups of two-year-old Wistar rats for 90 days: (I) 185 mg/kg bw, (II) 1500 mg/kg bw, (III) 3000 mg/kg bw and (IV) 6000 mg/kg bw, compared to a MSG non-consumer group. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, direct and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea levels were analysed; stomach, liver and kidney samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. Although, in most cases, there were no statistical differences, interesting aspects of the dose-effect relationship were observed. After MSG sub-chronic consumption, the positive aspects of GLA seem to be reflected better than the negative ones. The hormesis effect, with low-level reactive oxygen species' protective effects and GLA metabolism, may represent the hypothesis of a potential defence mechanism triggered by MSG sub-chronic consumption in ageing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (O.S.C.); (I.G.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (O.S.C.); (I.G.C.)
- Pathology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540011 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Alexandru Tabaran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.A.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Romelia Pop
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.A.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Ibolya Fülöp
- Toxicology and Biopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Rafael Florin Chis
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ioana-Andreea Lungu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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Kayode OT, Bello JA, Oguntola JA, Kayode AAA, Olukoya DK. The interplay between monosodium glutamate (MSG) consumption and metabolic disorders. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19675. [PMID: 37809920 PMCID: PMC10558944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most popular food additives in the world and is often ingested with commercially processed foods. It can be described as a sodium salt of glutamic acid with the IUPAC name - Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate and is ionized by water to produce free sodium ions and glutamic acid. MSG use has significantly increased over the past 30 years, its global demand stands huge at over three million metric tons which is worth over $4.5 billion. Asia was responsible for more than three quarter of world MSG consumption with the country China also leading in global consumption as well as production and export to other countries. Prior to year 2020, global demand for MSG increased by almost four percent each year with the highest significant increase in demand for MSG predicted to rise in Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and China, followed by Brazil and Nigeria. However, several researches featured in this review has identified MSG consumption as a major contributor to the development and progression of some metabolic disorders such as obesity, which is a risk factor for other metabolic syndromes like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer initiation. The mechanism by which MSG induce obesity involves induction of hypothalamic lesion, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, leptin resistance and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) Gamma and Alpha. Similarly for induction of diabetes mellitus, MSG consumption resulted in decreased pancreatic beta cell mass, increased oxidative stress and metabolic rates, reduced glucose and insulin transport to adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, insulin insensitivity, reduced insulin receptors and induced severe hyperinsulinemia. Dietary salt, an active component of MSG is also found to be a major risk factor for high blood pressure (which may lead to hypertension). MSG is used to enhance the taste of tobacco, causing smokers to consume the product in excess and thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Depending on the amount consumed, MSG has both positive and negative effects. Despite the controversy surrounding MSG's safety and its probable contribution to risk of development and progression of metabolic disorders, its global consumption is still very high. Therefore, this article will sensitize the public on the need for cautious use of MSG in foods and also aid regulatory agencies to further review the daily MSG consumption limit based on metabolic toxicities observed at the varied dosages reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowumi T Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
| | - Jemilat A Bello
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jamiu A Oguntola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abolanle A A Kayode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Daniel K Olukoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
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Lee HJ, Yeom JW, Yun JH, Jang HB, Yoo M, Kim H, Koo SK, Lee H. Increased glutamate in type 2 diabetes in the Korean population is associated with increased plasminogen levels. J Diabetes 2023; 15:777-786. [PMID: 37314019 PMCID: PMC10509517 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter, although it causes cytotoxicity and inflammation in nonneuronal organs. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic disorders in which glutamate, associated with type 2 diabetes onset, is induced in the liver. METHODS An analysis of Korean community-based Ansan-Ansung cohort study data as well as functional research using in vitro and mouse models were performed. RESULTS Groups with high plasma glutamate levels (T2, T3) had a significantly increased risk of diabetes incidence after 8 years, compared to the group with relatively low glutamate levels (T1). Analysis of the effect of glutamate on diabetes onset in vitro showed that glutamate induces insulin resistance by increasing glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression in SK-Hep-1 human liver cells. In addition, three different genes, FRMB4B, PLG, and PARD3, were significantly associated with glutamate and were identified via genome-wide association studies. Among glutamate-related genes, plasminogen (PLG) levels were most significantly increased in several environments in which insulin resistance was induced, and was also upregulated by glutamate. Glutamate-induced increase in PLG in liver cells was caused by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 activation, and PLG levels were also upregulated after extracellular secretion. Moreover, glutamate increased the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Thus, extracellular secreted PLG cannot be converted to plasmin (fibrinolytic enzyme) by increased PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS Increased glutamate is closely associated with the development of diabetes, and it may cause metabolic disorders by inhibiting the fibrinolytic system, which plays an important role in determining blood clots, a hallmark of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Jeong Won Yeom
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Han Byul Jang
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Min‐Gyu Yoo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Hyo‐Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
| | - Hye‐Ja Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence ResearchKorea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention AgencyCheongju‐siChungcheongbuk‐doKorea
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D'Anneo A, Lauricella M. Multimodal Strategies to Fight Obesity: Research on Tailored Therapies Based on Natural and Synthetic Compounds for Prevention, Management and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10105. [PMID: 37373254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 50 years, the global prevalence of obesity and overweight has tripled, reaching pandemic proportions and blatantly representing an urgent problem for public health [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D'Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Reginato GDS, de Jager L, Martins AB, Lucchetti BFC, de Campos BH, Lopes FNC, Araujo EJDA, Zaia CTBV, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Differential benefits of physical training associated or not with L-arginine supplementation in rats with metabolic syndrome: evaluation of cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic parameters. Physiol Behav 2023:114251. [PMID: 37253403 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by endocrine-metabolic and cardiac alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary supplementation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) is beneficial for fat loss, while chronic aerobic exercise has several benefits in reversing cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic dysfunctions caused by obesity. However, the association between these two approaches has not yet been described. This study aimed to evaluate the possible benefits of physical training, with or without L-Arg supplementation, on cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic parameters in rats with MetS, which was induced by the subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate at 4 mg g-1day-1 in rats from the first to fifth day of life. Physical training on a treadmill and supplementation with L-Arg in adulthood were carried out concomitantly for 8 weeks. After this, the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization to record their cardiovascular parameters and autonomic modulation. Organs and blood were removed to measure levels of nitrite, glucose, and hepatic steatosis. In adult rats with MetS, supplementation with L-Arg in combination with physical training reduced hypertension, tachycardia, adipose tissue mass, free fatty acids, and hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with L-Arg and physical training separately was beneficial in reducing several aspects of MetS, but a combination of both was especially effective in reducing adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. Together, the two therapies can form a good strategy to combat MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B Vieira Zaia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil.
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Acikel-Elmas M, Algilani SA, Sahin B, Bingol Ozakpinar O, Gecim M, Koroglu K, Arbak S. Apocynin Ameliorates Monosodium Glutamate Induced Testis Damage by Impaired Blood-Testis Barrier and Oxidative Stress Parameters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030822. [PMID: 36983977 PMCID: PMC10052003 DOI: 10.3390/life13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apocynin (APO) on hormone levels, the blood-testis barrier, and oxidative biomarkers in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced testicular degeneration. METHODS Sprague Dawley male rats (150-200 g; n = 32) were randomly distributed into four groups: control, APO, MSG, and MSG + APO. MSG and MSG + APO groups were administered MSG (120 mg/kg) for 28 days. Moreover, the APO and MSG + APO groups received APO (25 mg/kg) during the last five days of the experiment. All administrations were via oral gavage. Finally, biochemical analyses were performed based on the determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as light and transmission electron microscopic examinations, assessment of sperm parameters, ZO-1, occludin, NOX-2, and TUNEL immunohistochemistry were evaluated. RESULTS MSG increased both the oxidative stress level and apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and caused degeneration in testis morphology including in the blood-testis barrier. Administration of apocynin reversed all the deteriorated morphological and biochemical parameters in the MSG + APO group. CONCLUSIONS apocynin is considered to prevent testicular degeneration by maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier with balanced hormone and oxidant/antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Acikel-Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Salva Asma Algilani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Begum Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Bingol Ozakpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Mert Gecim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Kutay Koroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu No. 9 D:2, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
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An Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to the MSG-Induced Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054730. [PMID: 36902158 PMCID: PMC10003260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.
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Emik-Ozdemir B, Tunc-Ata M, Ozdemir Y, Kilic-Erkek O, Senol H, Kucukatay V, Bor-Kucukatay M. The effects of swimming exercise and detraining on hemorheological parameters and oxidative stress in rats with metabolic syndrome. NUTR CLIN METAB 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Rudyk M, Hurmach Y, Serhiichuk T, Akulenko I, Skivka L, Berehova T, Ostapchenko L. Multi-probiotic consumption sex-dependently interferes with MSG-induced obesity and concomitant phagocyte pro-inflammatory polarization in rats: Food for thought about personalized nutrition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13381. [PMID: 36816299 PMCID: PMC9932736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemic scope which obesity has reached in many countries necessitates shifting the emphasis in medicine from traditional reaction to individualized and personalized prevention. Numerous trials convincingly prove sexual dimorphism of obesity in morbidity, pathophysiology, comorbidity, outcomes and prophylaxis efficacy. Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic low-grade inflammation that creates the preconditions for the emergence of numerous comorbidities. Leading role in the initiation, propagation and resolution of inflammation belongs to tissue resident and circulating phagocytes. The outcome of inflammation largely depends on phagocyte functional polarization, which in turn is governed by environmental stimuli. Gut microbiota (GM), whose disturbances are one of the key pathogenetic features in obesity, substantially affect phagocyte functions and can either aggravate or calm obesity-associated inflammation. Probiotics possess promising physiological functions, including microbiota-restoring and anti-inflammatory traits, that may possibly help prevent obesity. However, sex-specific effects of probiotic supplementation for targeted obesity prevention remain unknown. The aim of the current study was aimed to compare the effect of multi-probiotic preparation used in prophylactic regimen on the adiposity, profile of culturable GM and its short-chain fatty acids as well as on functional profile of phagocytes from different locations in male and female rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. Obesity was induced by neonatal MSG injections in male and female rats, who were given the multi-species probiotic during juvenile and adult developmental stages. Culturable fecal and mucosa-associated microbiota of the intestine were examined using selective diagnostic media. Short-chain fatty acid profile in fecal samples was determined by GC-MS. Phagocyte functional profile was evaluated using flow cytometry and colorimetric methods. Probiotic supplementation after the administration of MSG prevented weight gain and fat accumulation, inflammatory phagocyte activation and alterations in GM in female rats. In male MSG-injected rats, probiotic supplementation restricted but did not prevent weight gain and fat deposition, alleviated but did not prevent systemic inflammation, prevented the alterations in GM, but with residual imbalance in the ratio of obligate anaerobic to facultative anaerobic bacteria. Our findings emphasize the necessity of sex-centered approaches to the prophylactic use of probiotics in obesity in the context of predictive preventive and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Rudyk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine,Corresponding author.
| | - Yevheniia Hurmach
- Bogomolets National Medical University, 13, T. Shevchenko Blvd, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Serhiichuk
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Akulenko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Skivka
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Berehova
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Ostapchenko
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
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Wuyt AK, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Fofié CK, Nguelefack TB. The methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra reverses monosodium glutamate-induced cardiometabolic syndrome in rats via the regulation of dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin sensitization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13689. [PMID: 36865446 PMCID: PMC9971185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic effects of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Ceiba pentandra (Cp) have been demonstrated in various experimental models. Besides, this extract is rich in 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone, 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenol and vavain. However, it remains unknown whether Cp can mitigate cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The present study assessed the curative properties of Cp against Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced CMS in rats. Male neonate Wistar rats were intraperitoneally administered with MSG (4 mg/g/day) during the first 5 days of life (postnatal days 2-6). They were kept under standard breeding conditions up to 5 months of age for the development of CMS. Diseased animals were then orally treated with atorvastatin (80 mg/kg/d) or Cp (75 and 150 mg/kg/day) for 28 days during which food intake, body mass, blood pressure, heart rate, glucose, and insulin tolerance were monitored. Plasma and tissues were collected on day 29th to assess the lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters. The histomorphology of the adipose tissue was also evaluated. Cp significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the obesogenic and lipid profiles, adipocyte size, blood pressure, and oxidative and inflammatory status in MSG-treated rats. Cp also ameliorated glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin sensitivities (p < 0.001) hence, reducing animals' cardiometabolic risk score (p < 0.001). The curative effect of Cp on cardiometabolic syndrome is related to its capacity to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and increase insulin sensitivity. These results demonstrate the potential of Cp as a good candidate for alternative treatment of CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline K. Wuyt
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvine P. Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christian K. Fofié
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore B. Nguelefack
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Kamal AH, El-Malla SF, Elattar RH, Mansour FR. Determination of Monosodium Glutamate in Noodles Using a Simple Spectrofluorometric Method based on an Emission Turn-on Approach. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03143-0. [PMID: 36648625 PMCID: PMC10361856 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast, and ecofriendly spectrofluorometric method was developed and validated for determination of mono sodium glutamate (MSG). The method depended on the reaction between MSG and iron (III) salicylate based on ligand exchange mechanism. Addition of MSG turned-on the fluorescent response of iron (III) salicylate at λem 411 nm. Reaction conditions including reagent concentration, pH, and time were optimized. The method was validated regarding the ICH guidelines. The method determined MSG within the linearity range of 25-250 µM with a coefficient of determination of 0.9967 and a calculated limit of detection of 1.73 µM. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of MSG in food preparation (instant noodles). The results were compared to those obtained by a published HPLC method using t-test and F-test at 95% confidence interval; no statistically significant difference was found. Based on the analytical Eco-scale and the green analytical procedure index (GAPI), the developed method was assessed to be greener than the published HPLC method. The developed method offered advantages over other spectrophotometric reported methods and was convenient for routine determination of MSG in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Rehab H Elattar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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Muraro EN, Sbardelotto BM, Guareschi ZM, de Almeida W, Souza Dos Santos A, Grassiolli S, Centenaro LA. Vitamin D supplementation combined with aerobic physical exercise restores the cell density in hypothalamic nuclei of rats exposed to monosodium glutamate. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:20-27. [PMID: 36513455 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In view of the increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence, this study proposed the early and combined use of treatments to restore brain areas related to satiety. The vitamin D supplementation, aerobic exercise and the combination of these interventions on the structure of arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of hypothalamus were investigated in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated rats. METHODS Wistar rats were separated into five groups: Control group (CT); Obese group injected with MSG (OB); Obese group supplemented with vitamin D (OBvd); Obese group submitted to forced swimming training (OBexe) and Obese group treated with vitamin D supplementation and forced swimming training (OBvd + exe). RESULTS In the OB group, the visceral fat weight was significantly higher, there was a reduction in the number of glial cells in the ARC nucleus and also in the number of neurons in the ARC and VMH nuclei. Aerobic exercise was able to reduce the visceral fat weight in the OBexe group. The combination of treatments used in the OBvd + exe group reversed the loss of neurons and glial cells produced by MSG in the ARC nucleus. All treated groups exhibited a higher number of neurons in VMH nucleus, but an increase in the glial cells were observed only in the OBexe and OBvd + exe groups. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of obesity treatment can be favored through the early and combined use of vitamin D supplementation and aerobic exercise, since these therapies are able to restore brain nuclei involved in the control of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Natan Muraro
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Marques Sbardelotto
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Zoé Maria Guareschi
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabólica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Lígia Aline Centenaro
- Laboratório de Morfologia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 1619, Cascavel, Paraná, CEP: 85819-110, Brazil.
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Potential of enhancing anti-obesogenic agriceuticals by applying sustainable fertilizers during plant cultivation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1034521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are two of the world's biggest health problems. They are associated with excessive fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended. Conventional therapies for obesity commonly include synthetic drugs and surgical procedures that can lead to serious side effects. Therefore, developing effective, safe, and readily available new treatments to prevent and treat obesity is highly relevant. Many plant extracts have shown anti-obesogenic potential. These plant extracts are composed of different agriceuticals such as fibers, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, lignans, and proteins that can manage obesity by suppressing appetite, inhibiting digestive enzymes, reducing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and thermogenesis, modulating gut microbiota and suppressing obesity-induced inflammation. These anti-obesogenic agriceuticals can be enhanced in plants during their cultivation by applying sustainable fertilization strategies, improving their capacity to fight the obesity pandemic. Biofertilization and nanofertilization are considered efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective strategies to enhance plant growth and development and increase the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, representing an alternative to overproducing the anti-obesogenic agriceuticals of interest. However, further research is required to study the impact of anti-obesogenic plant species grown using these agricultural practices. This review presents the current scenario of overweight and obesity; recent research work describing different plant species with significant effects against obesity; and several reports exhibiting the potential of the biofertilization and nanofertilization practices to enhance the concentrations of bioactive molecules of anti-obesogenic plant species.
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Aloe Vera-Fermented Beverage Ameliorates Obesity and Gut Dysbiosis in High-Fat-Diet Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223728. [PMID: 36429320 PMCID: PMC9689851 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera has been proven to have various medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity functions. However, the effects of Aloe vera-fermented beverages (AFB) on obesity and its complications are still not clear. In this study, HepG2 cells in high-fat environment and high-fat diet (HFD) mice were used to investigate the potential obesity-preventing function of AFB. We found that AFB intervention decreased the amount of lipid droplets of HepG2 cells, suppressed the body weight gain and adipose accumulation, and reduced the serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) of HFD-mice. In addition, it also changed the composition of the gut microbiota. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was decreased, while the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Alistipes and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was increased after the administration of AFB compared with HFD-mice. These results demonstrated that AFB can prevent diet-induced obesity (DIO) and provides a new option to modulate obesity-related gut dysbiosis.
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Du M, Li X, Xiao F, Fu Y, Shi Y, Guo S, Chen L, Shen L, Wang L, Cheng H, Li H, Xie A, Zhou Y, Yang K, Fang H, Lyu J, Zhao Q. Serine active site containing protein 1 depletion alters lipid metabolism and protects against high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Metabolism 2022; 134:155244. [PMID: 35760118 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the serine active site containing 1 (SERAC1) protein is essential for cardiolipin remodeling and cholesterol transfer, its physiological role in whole-body energy metabolism remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the role of SERAC1 in lipid distribution and metabolism in mice. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 was used to create homozygous Serac1 knockout mice. A range of methods, including electron microscopy, histological analysis, DNA sequencing, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis of serum lipid levels, were used to assess lipid distribution and rates of lipid synthesis in mice. RESULTS We found that Serac1 depletion in mice prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity but did not affect energy expenditure. The liver was affected by Serac1 depletion, but adipose tissues were not. Serac1 depletion was shown to impair cholesterol transfer from the liver to the serum and led to an imbalance in cholesterol distribution. The livers from mice with Serac1 depletion showed increased cholesterol synthesis because the levels of cholesterol synthesis enzymes were upregulated. Moreover, the accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets in mice with Serac1 depletion were decreased, suggesting that SERAC1 depletion may decrease the risk for hepatic steatosis in high fat diet-induced mice. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that SERAC1 can serve as a potential target for the treatment or prevention of diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Fangyi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Yinxu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Anran Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Kaiqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Qiongya Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310063, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Jafari F, Emami SA, Javadi B, Salmasi Z, Tayarani-Najjaran M, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Inhibitory effect of saffron, crocin, crocetin, and safranal against adipocyte differentiation in human adipose-derived stem cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115340. [PMID: 35551973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been introduced as a potential promising natural antioxidant with anti-obesity properties. In Persian Medicine, saffron has been used to control appetite and obesity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the effect of saffron and its bioactive compounds on adipocyte differentiation in human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow-Cytometric analysis was performed to quantify the cell surface markers. The extracts cytotoxicity on hASCs was measured using alamarBlue® assay whereas their activities against adipocyte differentiation were studied using Oil Red O staining. The level of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), Fatty Acid Synthetase (FAS), and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPHD) which are key proteins in cell differentiation was investigated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Flow-cytometry revealed the mesenchymal stem cells markers, CD44 and CD90, on ADSCs surface. The saffron, crocin, and crocetin significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation while saffron up to 20 μg/mL and crocin, crocetin and safranal up to 20 μM did not exhibit cytotoxicity. The western blotting analysis revealed a remarkable reduction in the level of PPARγ, GAPDH, and FAS proteins by 10 and 20 μM of crocin and 2.5 and 5 μM of crocetin. CONCLUSION It seems that saffron, crocin, and crocetin could efficiently inhibit the differentiation of hASCs with benefits for the treatment and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafari
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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22
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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23
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Zhang Y, Huang B, Yang W, Zhong S, Lai S, Zhao H, He J, Cai S, Lv S, Wang C, Jia Y. Correlations Between Endocrine Hormones and Cognitive Function in Patients with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2299-2308. [PMID: 35486288 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity not only affects physical and mental conditions, but also influences cognitive function. Endocrine hormones may influence the risk of obesity and severe obesity. Our study investigated the influences of changes in levels of endocrine hormones on cognitive function in patients with obesity and severe obesity. METHODS We used the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to evaluate cognitive function in the groups of healthy control (HC), obesity (OB), and severe obesity (SOB). We detected the levels of endocrine hormones and cortisol at 8:00 am in the three groups. We statistically analyzed differences in cognitive function and levels of endocrine hormones among the three groups, and performed linear correlation analysis of cortisol level and cognitive function. Using mediation analysis, we assessed the influences of body mass index (BMI) on endocrine levels and cognitive function. RESULTS Our findings revealed that OB and SOB groups exhibited a lower level of cortisol than HC group. Among the three groups, we found significant differences in verbal learning (F = 4.433, P = 0.014), social cognition (F = 4.778, P = 0.010), and total cognition (F = 2.989, P = 0.008). After post hoc Bonferroni correction, we noted that SOB group had worse scores in the above-mentioned three areas than OB and HC groups. Moreover, except for working memory and visual cognition, we identified that the degree of cognitive impairment in SOB group was more severe than that in OB group. In our study, mediation analysis showed a mediating effect of BMI on cortisol level and verbal learning. We also found correlations between cortisol level and attention/alertness (r = 0.277, P = 0.003), between cortisol level and verbal learning (r = 0.205, P = 0.030), and between BMI and verbal learning (r = - 0.192, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION In our study, patients in both OB and SOB groups experienced a widespread cognitive impairment. We also found that patients with severe obesity had more severe cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment could be mediated by abnormal cortisol metabolism, and BMI could be a mediating factor in regulation of cortisol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujing Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihui Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Maciel JIHN, Zazula MF, Rodrigues DFS, De Toni Boaro C, Boaretto ML, de Andrade BZ, Schneider SCS, Naliwaiko K, Torrejais MM, Costa RM, de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro L, Bertolini GRF. Whole-Body Vibration Promotes Skeletal Muscle Restructuring and Reduced Obesogenic Effect of MSG in Wistar Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3594-3608. [PMID: 35460454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The negative changes of obesity to the locomotor system are a major concern in the current scenario, where obesity and metabolic syndrome are recurrent in Western societies. A physical exercise is an important tool as a way to rehabilitate obesity, highlighting whole-body vibration, as it is an easy-access modality with few restrictions. In this sense, we sought to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration on the extensor digitorum longus muscle on a monosodium glutamate-induced obesity model. The main findings of the present study are related to the ability of the treatment with vibration to reduce the obesogenic characteristics and slow down the dyslipidemic condition of the animals. Likewise, the vibration promoted by the vibrating platform was essential in the recovery of the muscle structure, as well as the recovery of the muscle's oxidative capacity, initially compromised by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhyslayne Ignácia Hoff Nunes Maciel
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Matheus Felipe Zazula
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mariana Laís Boaretto
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | | | - Sara Cristina Sagae Schneider
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Katya Naliwaiko
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Rose Meire Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Unioeste, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil.
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25
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de Souza DW, Ceglarek VM, Siqueira BS, Volinski CZ, Nenevê JZ, Arruda JPDA, Vettorazzi JF, Grassiolli S. Phenylhydrazine-induced anemia reduces subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues in hypothalamic obese rats. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:575-588. [PMID: 35396880 DOI: 10.1113/ep089883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FUNDINGS What is the central question of this study? This study aims to assess whether an anemic state could modify adiposity and metabolic parameters in hypothalamic obese rats. What is the main finding and its importance? Our results indicate that hypothalamic obese rats do not display iron deficiency. However, the pharmacological induction of anemia in hypothalamic-obese rats resulted in reduced adiposity, characterized by a decrease in subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissue depots. These findings suggest that iron imbalance in obesity may elevate lipolysis. ABSTRACT Iron imbalance is frequent in obesity. Herein, we evaluated the impact of anemia induced by phenylhydrazine on adiposity and metabolic state of hypothalamic obese rats. Hypothalamic obesity was induced by high doses of glutamate monosodium (MSG; 4g/Kg) administered to neonatal male rats (n = 20). Controls (CTL; non-obese rats) received saline equimolar (n = 20). Rats were weaned at 21 days of life. At 70 days, half of the rats received three intraperitoneal doses of phenylhydrazine (PHZ; 40mg/Kg/dose) or saline solution. Body weight and food intake were accompanied for four weeks after PHZ administration. At 92 days, rats were euthanized, blood was collected for microcapillary hematocrit (Hct) analysis and plasma quantification of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and iron levels. The liver, the spleen, and the white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were excised, weighed, and used for histology. MSG-treated rats developed obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance, compared to CTL rats, without changes in iron levels and Hct. PHZ administration reduced iron plasma levels and promoted similar tissue injuries in the spleen and liver from MSG and CTL rats. However, in MSG-treated rats, PHZ decreased fasting glucose levels and Hct, as well as diminished the subcutaneous WAT and BAT mass. Although MSG-obesity does not affect iron plasma levels and Hct by itself, PHZ-induced anemia associated with obesity induces a marked drop in subcutaneous WAT and BAT mass, suggesting that iron imbalance may lead to increased lipolytic responses in obese rats, compared to lean rats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domwesley Wendreo de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Marieli Ceglarek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRG), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Bruna Schumaker Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Caroline Zanella Volinski
- Graduação Enfermagem, CCBS - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Juliane Zanon Nenevê
- Graduação Enfermagem, CCBS - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - João Paulo de Amorin Arruda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, CCBS - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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26
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Eteng OE, Moses CA, Ugwor EI, Enobong JE, Akamo AJ, Adeleke U, Iwara A, Ubana E. Effects of sub-acute exposure to Sudan IV-adulterated palm oil on hematology-related parameters in male albino rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2059743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofem E. Eteng
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ceaser A. Moses
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I. Ugwor
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Joe E. Enobong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Adio J. Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Usman Adeleke
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Arikpo Iwara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Eyong Ubana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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27
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Andarianto A, Rejeki P, Sakina, Pranoto A, Seputra TA, Sugiharto, Miftahussurur M. Inflammatory markers in response to interval and continuous exercise in obese women. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the degree of inflammation characterised by proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Lifestyle modification with exercise is the right strategy because it can stimulate interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion which acts as an anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to analyse the response of interval and continuous exercise to inflammatory markers in obese women. Twenty-four women participated in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: CONG (n=8, control group without any intervention): MCEG (n=8, continuous exercise group) and MIEG (n=8, interval exercise group). ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, pre-exercise and post-exercise. The data were analysed using the paired sample t-test. The mean levels of TNF-α, pre-exercise and post-exercise, were 19.35±2.73 vs 19.36±2.23 pg/ml (P=0.989) in CONG, 19.42±2.79 vs 16.63±0.82 pg/ml (P=0.017) in MCEG, and 19.46±3.08 vs 16.96±2.11 pg/ml (P=0.079) in MIEG. Mean levels of IL-6, pre-exercise and post-exercise, were 7.56±2.88 vs 7.66±4.12 pg/ml (P=0.957) for CONG, 7.68±3.41 vs 13.97±2.38 pg/ml (P=0.001) for MCEG, and 7.78±1.99 vs 13.66±3.55 pg/ml (P=0.001) for MIEG. We concluded that interval and continuous exercise decreased pro-inflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andarianto
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - P.S. Rejeki
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sakina
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya Indonesia
| | - A. Pranoto
- Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - T.W. Aga Seputra
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, 60131 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, 65145 Malang, Indonesia
| | - M. Miftahussurur
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, 60286 Surabaya, Indonesia
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, 60286 Surabaya, Indonesia
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28
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Kochmar M. MY, Golosh JV, Hetsko OI. EFFECT OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN HUMANS AND RATS. BULLETIN OF PROBLEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2022-3-166-58-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Duft RG, Castro A, Bonfante ILP, Lopes WA, da Silva LR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Leite N, Cavaglieri CR. Serum metabolites associated with increased insulin resistance and low cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:269-278. [PMID: 34906412 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity affects metabolism, increasing the risk of developing non-communicable diseases in adolescence, due to excess adipose tissue and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The metabolomics approach allows the elucidation of metabolites, which may have the concentrations altered by several factors, such as body composition (BC). We aimed to analyze the metabolomic profile of normal-weight and overweight adolescents and associate the metabolites with clinical markers related to BC, insulin resistance (IR), and CRF. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample was composed of 57 adolescents and divided into two groups: the normal-weight group (NWG, n = 24) and the overweight group (OWG, n = 33). They underwent blood collection and anthropometric, BC, and CRF assessment. Blood serum samples were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy (600 MHz). The OWG presented higher values of body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, insulin, IR, cholesterol, and percentage of fat mass (%FM) and lower levels of peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) compared with the NWG. The OWG presented lower concentrations of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, glutamate, and methionine as well as higher concentrations of aspartate, asparagine, creatine, glycerol, myo-inositol, proline, pyruvate, tyrosine, and valerate compared with the NWG. The concentrations of glutamate, myo-inositol, creatine, methionine, and valerate correlated with %FM; pyruvate and valerate positively correlated with IR; and glutamate, tyrosine, and valerate negatively correlated with CRF. CONCLUSION Changes in the BC lead to changes in the metabolomic profile of adolescents, and the altered metabolites are associated with increased IR and low CRF. These results indicate new targets for health monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan L P Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Hortolandia Campus, Hortolandia, Brazil
| | - Wendell A Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Larissa R da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Li J, Chen Q, Zhai X, Wang D, Hou Y, Tang M. Green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by activating fat browning. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6548-6558. [PMID: 34925784 PMCID: PMC8645728 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose browning leads to increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity and has, therefore, become an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity. In this study, we elucidated the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) on the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (Ing-WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The main phytochemical components identified in GTAE through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) included (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate. Daily supplementation with 1% GTAE for 12 weeks markedly reduced bodyweight gain, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, histological analysis revealed that dietary supplementation with 1% GTAE reversed HFD-induced adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis. These effects were associated with activation of browning in the Ing-WAT and BAT, which mediate systemic metabolic dysfunction in HFD-fed mice. Taken together, our data support the use of GTAE, a natural product, for the attenuation of obesity through the activation of fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Qiyang Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiuming Zhai
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujia Hou
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Min Tang
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
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31
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Insights into the latest advances in low glycemic foods, their mechanism of action and health benefits. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Evaluation of Bioactive Metabolites and Antioxidant-Rich Extracts of Amaranths with Possible Role in Pancreatic Lipase Interaction: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100676. [PMID: 34677391 PMCID: PMC8539516 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat/carbohydrate-rich diet consumption or elevated secretion of pancreatic lipase (PL) in pancreatic injury results in increased fat digestion and storage. Several metabolites in plant-based diets can help achieve the requirements of nutrition and fitness together. Presently, nutritional metabolites from Amaranthus tricolor, A. viridis, and Achyranthes aspera were assessed and predicted for daily intake. The volatile-metabolite profiling of their extracts using GC-MS revealed various antioxidant and bioactive components. The implication of these specialized components and antioxidant-rich extracts (EC50 free radical scavenging: 34.1 ± 1.5 to 166.3 ± 14.2 µg/mL; FRAP values: 12.1 ± 1.0 to 34.0 ± 2.0 µg Trolox Equivalent/mg) in lipolysis regulation by means of interaction with PL was checked by in silico docking (Betahistine and vitamins: ΔGbind -2.3 to -4.4 kcal/mol) and in vitro fluorescence quenching. Out of the various compounds and extracts tested, Betahistine, ATRA and AVLA showed better quenching the PL fluorescence. The identification of potential extracts as source of functional components contributing to nutrition and fat regulation can be improved through such study.
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Rejeki P, Pranoto A, Prasetya R, Sugiharto S. Irisin serum increasing pattern is higher at moderate-intensity continuous exercise than at moderate-intensity interval exercise in obese females. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle, unhealthy eating patterns, and low physical activity become trigger factors of obesity. Therefore, lifestyle modification with an exercise-based nonpharmacological approach is one of the strategies for combat obesity. This study aims to analyse the response of moderate-intensity interval and continuous exercise to irisin level increasing pattern on the obese female. A total of 21 obese females were enrolled in this study and given moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). ELISA was used to quantify the serum level of irisin in all samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one way-ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Mean irisin levels of pre-exercise at control (CON), MIIE, and MICE were 3.26±1.28l, 3.44±0.56 and 3.89±1.08 ng/ml, respectively (P=0.519). The mean irisin level of 10 min post-exercise was 2.99±0.86 ng/ml at CON, 4.82±1.01 ng/ml at MIIE, and 5.99±1.27 ng/ml at MICE (P=0.000). The mean irisin levels of 6 h post-exercise were 3.04±0.60, 4.56±0.87, and 5.73±1.02 ng/ml at CON, MIIE, and MICE, respectively (P=0.000). The mean irisin level of 24 h post-exercise was 3.04±0.91 ng/ml at CON, 4.64±0.69 ng/ml at MIIE, and 5.69±1.53 ng/ml at MICE (P=0.002). We conclude that the post-exercise serum irisin level increased in both MICE and MIIE subjects, and the post-exercise serum irisin level maintained higher in the MICE than in the MIIE in the obese female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Rejeki
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Street, 60131, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Street, 60131, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Street, 60131, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - A. Pranoto
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Street, 60131, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - R.E. Prasetya
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47 Street, 60131, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - S. Sugiharto
- Sport Science Department, Faculty of Sport Science State University of Malang, Semarang No. 5 Street, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Banach M, Hosseinzadeh H. Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5352-5364. [PMID: 34101925 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of diseases that lead to mortality due to the development of cardiovascular problems. Quercetin, as an important flavonoid, has various properties such as decreasing blood pressure, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-oxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and cardio-protective effects. In this review article, we collected original articles from different sources such as Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Pubmed, which is related to the effect of quercetin on the improvement of the signs of MetS, including elevated glucose level, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and blood pressure. According to these data, quercetin may also have a role in the management of metabolic disorders via different mechanisms such as increasing adiponectin, decreasing leptin, anti-oxidant activity, reduction of insulin resistance, the elevation of insulin level, and blocking of calcium channel. We have attempted to make some recommendations on the quercetin application in patients. However, it needs to do further clinical trials and more investigations to show the real clinical value of quercetin on metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Barakat B, Almeida MEF. Biochemical and immunological changes in obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108951. [PMID: 34102165 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a syndemia that promotes high expenditures for public health, and is defined by the excess of adipose tissue that is classified according to its function and anatomical distribution. In obese people, this tissue generates oxidative stress associated with a chronic inflammatory response, in which there is an imbalance in relation to the release of hormones and adipokines that cause loss of body homeostasis and predisposition to the development of some comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the main events that occur during the onset and progression of obesity with a special focus on biochemical and immunological changes. Hypertrophied and hyperplasia adipocytes have biomarkers and release adipokines capable of regulating pathways and expressing genes that culminate in the development of metabolic changes, such as changes in energy balance and intestinal microbiota, and the development of some comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, liver disease, cancer, allergies, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obstructive sleep apnea. Thus, it is necessary to treat and/or prevent pathology, using traditional methods based on healthy eating, and regular physical and leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Barakat
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Rio Paranaíba Campus, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Martha E F Almeida
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Rio Paranaíba Campus, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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36
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Functional components in extracts of Beta vulgaris (Chukandar) parts for antioxidant effect and antiobesity potential with lipase inhibition. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Machado MPR, Gama LA, Beckmann APS, Hauschildt AT, Dall'Agnol DJR, Miranda JRA, Corá LA, Américo MF. Paternal obesity and its transgenerational effects on gastrointestinal function in male rat offspring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11116. [PMID: 34076145 PMCID: PMC8186378 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between obesity and gastrointestinal (GI) motility is contradictory, and the transgenerational influence on this parameter is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the GI function in a model of paternal obesity and two subsequent generations of their male offspring. Newborn male rats were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and composed the F1 generation, while control rats (CONT) received saline. At 90 days, male F1 were mated with non-obese females to obtain male offspring (F2), which later mated with non-obese females for obtaining male offspring of F3 generation. Lee Index analysis was adopted to set up the obesity groups. Alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) technique was employed to calculate GI transit parameters: mean gastric emptying time (MGET), mean cecum arrival time (MCAT), mean small intestinal transit time (MSITT), and gastric frequency and amplitude of contractions. Glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and duodenal morphometry were measured. F1 obese rats showed a decrease in the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions, while obese rats from the F2 generation showed accelerated MGET and delayed MCAT and MSITT. Glucose and leptin levels were increased in F1 and F2 generations. Insulin levels decreased in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Duodenal morphometry was altered in all three generations. Obesity may have paternal transgenerational transmission, and it provoked disturbances in the gastrointestinal function of three generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P R Machado
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Gama
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - A P S Beckmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - A T Hauschildt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D J R Dall'Agnol
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Biológicas, Engenharia e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, MT, Brasil
| | - J R A Miranda
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L A Corá
- Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas, NUCIB, Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas (UNCISAL), Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M F Américo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
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Moldovan OL, Rusu A, Tanase C, Vari CE. Glutamate - A multifaceted molecule: Endogenous neurotransmitter, controversial food additive, design compound for anti-cancer drugs. A critical appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112290. [PMID: 34023459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used flavour enhancers in the food industry is monosodium glutamate (MSG). MSG consumption has been on an upward trend, worrying in terms of potential toxic effects. This review is focused on the long-term toxicity of MSG and the experimental evidence that supports it. The article's primary purpose was to survey recently published data regarding the consumption of MSG within safe limits. The administered doses in animal models are very varied and have given rise to controversy. Also, the paper comprises pathways to lower MSG toxicity and highlight other underexploited biological effects, as anti-cancer potential. The administration of MSG, combined with various compounds, has been shown benefit against toxic effects. Several recent studies have identified a possible mechanism that recommends MSG and some derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. New anti-cancer compounds based on the glutamic acid structure must be studied and further exploited. International regulations require harmonization of safe doses of MSG based on current scientific studies. Replacing MSG with other umami flavour enhancers may be a safer alternative for human health in the future. The biological consequences of MSG consumption or therapeutical administration have not been fully deciphered yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia-Laura Moldovan
- Medicine and Pharmacy Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Aura Rusu
- Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142, Târgu Mureș, Romania.
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Banerjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Worldwide flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate combined with high lipid diet provokes metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies: An overview. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:938-961. [PMID: 34026558 PMCID: PMC8120859 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor enhancing high lipid diet acts as silent killer. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet alters redox-status. Monosodium glutamate mixed with high lipid diet induces systemic anomalies.
In this fast-food era, people depend on ready-made foods and engage in minimal physical activities that ultimately change their food habits. Majorities of such foods have harmful effects on human health due to higher percentages of saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and hydrogenated fats in the form of high lipid diet (HLD). Moreover, food manufacturers add monosodium glutamate (MSG) to enhance the taste and palatability of the HLD. Both MSG and HLD induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby alter the redox-homeostasis to cause systemic damage. However, MSG mixed HLD (MH) consumption leads to dyslipidemia, silently develops non-alcoholic fatty liver disease followed by metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies, even malignancies, via modulating different signaling pathways. This comprehensive review formulates health care strategies to create global awareness about the harmful impact of MH on the human body and recommends the daily consumption of more natural foods rich in antioxidants instead of toxic ingredients to counterbalance the MH-induced systemic anomalies.
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Mills DJ. The Aging GABAergic System and Its Nutritional Support. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6655064. [PMID: 33986956 PMCID: PMC8093074 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in hormones and an associated decline in GABAergic function and calcium and ion current dysregulation. Neurosteroid hormones act as direct calcium channel blockers, or they can act indirectly on calcium channels through their interaction with GABA receptors. The calcium channel dysfunction associated with hormone loss further leads to an excitatory cell state, which can ultimately lead to cell death. The calcium theory of aging posits that cellular mechanisms, which maintain the homeostasis of cytosol Ca2+ concentration, play a key role in brain aging and that sustained changes in Ca2+ homeostasis provide the final common pathway for age-associated brain changes. There is a link between hormone loss and calcium dysregulation. Loss of calcium regulation associated with aging can lead to an excitatory cell state, primarily in the mitochondria and nerve cells, which can ultimately lead to cell death if not kept in check. A decline in GABAergic function can also be specifically tied to declines in progesterone, allopregnanolone, and DHEA levels associated with aging. This decline in GABAergic function associated with hormone loss ultimately affects GABAergic inhibition or excitement and calcium regulation throughout the body. In addition, declines in GABAergic function can also be tied to vitamin status and to toxic chemicals in the food supply. The decline in GABAergic function associated with aging has an effect on just about every body organ system. Nutritional support of the GABAergic system with supportive foods, vitamins, and GABA or similar GABA receptor ligands may address some of the GABAergic dysfunction associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra J. Mills
- Patent Trial and Appeal Board Biotechnology, 5232 Capon Hill Pl, Burke, VA 22015, USA
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41
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Costa CDS, Assunção MCF, Loret de Mola C, Cardoso JDS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJD, Santos IS. Role of ultra-processed food in fat mass index between 6 and 11 years of age: a cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:256-265. [PMID: 32888008 PMCID: PMC7938497 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed food consumption and obesity have been highlighted as an important relationship to public health. We aimed to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and body fat from 6 to 11 years of age. METHODS We assessed the association between ultra-processed food consumption (from food frequency questionnaires) and body fat (measured by air displacement plethysmography) between 6 and 11 years of age among participants of the Pelotas-Brazil 2004 Birth Cohort. The NOVA classification was used to classify foods according to the processing degree. Body fat was evaluated relative to the height using fat mass index (FMI). Generalized estimating equations were used to answer the main research question and mediation analyses were run to assess the direct and indirect effect of ultra-processed food in body fat. RESULTS At fully adjusted analysis, an increase of 100 g in contribution from ultra-processed food to daily food intake at between 6 and 11 years of age was associated with a gain of 0.14 kg/m² in FMI in the same period; 58% of the total effect of ultra-processed food intake at 6 years (in grams) over the change in FMI from 6 to 11 years was mediated by its calorie content. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with an increase in body fat from childhood to early adolescence, and this association was not just due to the effect of ultra-processed food on calorie content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline dos Santos Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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INFLUENCE OF BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SALIVAL GLANDS OF RATS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF OBESITY AND STRESS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2021-4-78-246-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Hwang SB, Lee BH. Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Nelumbinis Semen Powder in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3576. [PMID: 33266423 PMCID: PMC7700195 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbinis Semen (NS, the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera) extract is a traditional Korean medicine with anti-oxidant activity. The present study examined the anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects of NS powder in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice (n = 8/group) were fed a normal diet (CON), HFD, HFD containing 5% NS powder (HFD-NS5%), or HFD containing 10% NS powder (HFD-NS10%) for 12 weeks. Food intake was relatively higher in groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10%, while the food efficiency ratio was highest in group HFD (p < 0.05). HFD-NS5% reduced the body weight (-39.1%) and fat weight (-26.6%), including epididymal fat and perirenal fat, and lowered the serum triglyceride levels (-20.6%) compared with HFD. Groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% showed hepatoprotective properties, reducing the serum ALT levels (p < 0.05) and fat globules (size and number) in the liver compared with group HFD. HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% regulated the blood glucose, improved the glucose intolerance, and showed a 12.5% and 15.0% reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and a 26.8% and 47.3% improvement in homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively, compared with HFD (p < 0.05). Regarding the expressions of genes related to anti-obesity and antidiabetes, there was a 1.7- and 1.3-fold increase in PPAR-α protein expression, 1.4- and 1.6-fold increase in PPAR-γ protein expression, and 0.7- and 0.6-fold decrease in TNF-α protein expression, respectively, following HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% treatments, compared with HFD, and GLUT4 protein expression increased relative to CON (p < 0.05). These results comprehensively provide the fundamental data for NS powder's functional and health-promoting benefits associated with anti-obesity and antidiabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea;
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Srivastava AK, Mukerjee A, Tripathi A. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Cucumis melo var. momordica fruit extract on experimental animals. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a major public health issue related to the irregular metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat. It occurs due to insufficient insulin production and insulin action.Cucumis melopossesses several biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antihypothyroidism, and antiangiogenic activities. The objective of the present study was to determine the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities ofCucumis melovar.momordicafruit extract on experimental animals.ResultResults show that treatment withC. melofruit extract and fraction caused a reduction in blood glucose levels.Cucumis melotoluene fraction (CMTF) exhibited a significant (*P< 0.05) reduction of blood glucose level on the 28th day, i.e., 122 mg/dL, in comparison with the positive control group (streptozotocin (STZ)). However, the extract ofC. meloshowed less significant results in comparison with CMTF. Triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL levels were increased chronically due to STZ and were significantly (*P< 0.05) restored to 84.16, 86.97, and 19.73, respectively, by CMTF in comparison with the positive control group (STZ in the dose of 55 mg/kg). The extract-treated groups also showed similar results as CMTF, but their efficacy was lesser than CMTF.ConclusionIt is can be concluded thatC. melofruits can be used as an effective antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic drug.Graphical abstract
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Ferrigno A, Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Siciliano V, Richelmi P, Vairetti M. The selective blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 attenuates fat accumulation in an <em>in vitro</em> model of benign steatosis. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 33207858 PMCID: PMC7662107 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously found that the blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and acetaminophen toxicity. The role of mGluR5 in NAFLD has not yet been elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effects of mGluR5 blockade in an in vitro model of steatosis. HepG2 cells were pre-incubated for 12 h with an mGluR5 agonist, a negative allosteric modulator (DHPG and MPEP, respectively) or vehicle, then treated with 1.5 mM oleate/palmitate (O/P) for another 12 h. Cell viability was evaluated with the MTT assay; fat accumulation was measured using the fluorescent dye nile red; SREBP-1, PPAR-α, iNOS and Caspase-3 protein expression were evaluated by Western blot; NFkB activity was evaluated as pNFkB/NFkB ratio. mGluR5 modulation did not alter cell viability in O/P-incubated cells; MPEP prevented intracellular lipid accumulation in O/P treated cells; MPEP administration was also associated with a reversion of O/P-induced changes in SREBP-1 and PPAR-α expression, involved in free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism and uptake. No changes were observed in iNOS and Caspase-3 expression, or in NFkB activity. In conclusion, mGluR5 pharmacological blockade reduced fat accumulation in HepG2 cells incubated with O/P, probably by modulating the expression of SREBP-1 and PPAR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Marta Cagna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Veronica Siciliano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Plinio Richelmi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
| | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pavia.
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Fouda YB, Ngo Lemba Tom E, Atsamo AD, Bonabe C, Dimo T. Effects of stem bark aqueous extract of Fagara tessmannii Engl (Rutaceae) on cardiovascular risks related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity in rat: In vivo and in vitro assessments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112972. [PMID: 32446928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests in South-West, Centre, South and East provinces in Cameroon. It is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of tumors, swellings, inflammation, gonorrhoea, schistosomiasis, antifungal, heart diseases and as anti-hypertensive. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the potential effects of F. tessmannii on cardiovascular risk related to monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/g/day) was injected subcutaneously to newborn Wistar rats for the four consecutive first days of their life and on the 6th, 8th and 10th day after birth. After 21 weeks, obese rats were treated orally with F. tessmannii (100 or 200 mg/kg/day), orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Body weight, obesity, body mass index (BMI), Lee index, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, blood pressure, lipid profile as a Coronary Risk Index (CRI), and reactivity of isolated thoracic aorta were evaluated. RESULTS In addition to significantly decrease body weight (17.60% and 20.34%), BMI, Lee's index, retroperitoneal fat, total adiposity, and coronary risk indicators, F. tessmannii has significantly decreased insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and high blood pressure observed in MSG-obese rats. The high contractility to phenylephrine as well as the hypersensitivity to sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide-donor), observed in MSG aortic rings were significantly reduced by the F. tessmannii extract. Enhanced serum Na+ and Cl- levels and decreased K+ observed in obese rats were also significantly reversed after F. tessmannii treatment. CONCLUSIONS F. tessmannii fights against obesity and associated cardiovascular risks by modulating production and vascular responsiveness to vasoactive factors, monitoring premature aging. F. tessmannii promotes the loss of ectopic fat and other fatty tissues, the sensitivity of the peripherical tissues to insulin, the energy expenditure and the renovascular decompression and regulates ions movement which prevents hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bekono Fouda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Esther Ngo Lemba Tom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Albert Donatien Atsamo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Christian Bonabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
| | - Théophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Zhong Y, Ding Y, Li L, Ge M, Ban G, Yang H, Dai J, Zhang L. Effects and Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid on Weight Loss. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1099-1106. [PMID: 32188382 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200318124922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Chlorogenic Acid (CA) has diverse, recognized health effects.
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the effects of CA on fat reduction and the underlying mechanism
of these effects.
Materials and Methods:
First, we established a Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity
mouse model and subjected the mice to 4 weeks of CA gavage. Then, we established an oleic acidinduced
model of human fatty liver in HepG2 cells, and administered a CA intervention to the cells for
48 h. Finally, we used Oil red O staining, biochemical detection kits, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis
to evaluate the effects of CA on fat reduction and on related pathways.
Results:
The CA treatment could reduce fat accumulation in the liver and reduce blood lipid levels. In
addition, CA decreased the mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma, coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) and Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) in the MSG-induced obesity
mouse model and the oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells.
Conclusion:
Based on the above results, we deduced that CA could reduce body weight and fat deposition
in vitro and in vivo and that the mechanism may be related to the PGC-1α/UCP-1 pathway. CA
can be developed as a drug to lower blood lipids and to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yueling Ding
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Department of Research, Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Meina Ge
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangguo Ban
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Dai
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Southern Hospital District of Weihai Municipal Hospital, Huancui District, 264200, Weihai, China
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Nie X, Chen J, Ma X, Ni Y, Shen Y, Yu H, Panagiotou G, Bao Y. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiome and visceral fat accumulation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2596-2609. [PMID: 33033580 PMCID: PMC7528071 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visceral fat is an independent risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiome and visceral fat. Methods We recruited 32 obese adults and 30 healthy controls at baseline. Among the obese subjects, 14 subjects underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and were followed 6 months after surgery. Abdominal visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Waist, hipline, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were included as simple obese parameters. Gut microbiome was analyzed by metagenomic sequencing. Results Among the obese parameters, VFA had the largest number of correlations with the species that were differentially enriched between obese and healthy subjects, following by waist, WHR, BMI, hipline, and SFA. Within the species negatively correlated with VFA, Eubacterium eligens had the strongest correlation, following by Clostridium citroniae, C. symbiosum, Bacteroides uniformis, E. ventriosum, Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, C. hathewayi, etc. C. hathewayi and C. citroniae were increased after LSG. Functional analyses showed that among all the obese parameters, VFA had strongest correlation coefficients with the obesity-related microbial pathways. Microbial pathways involved in carbohydrate fermentation and biosynthesis of L-glutamate and L-glutamine might contribute to visceral fat accumulation. Conclusions Visceral fat was more closely correlated with gut microbiome compared with subcutaneous fat, suggesting an intrinsic connection between gut microbiome and metabolic cardiovascular diseases. Specific microbial species and pathways which were closely associated with visceral fat accumulation might contribute to new targeted therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Key Words
- 2hCP, 2-hour C-peptide
- 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCAAs, branched chain amino acids
- BMI, body mass index
- CoDA, Compositional Data Analysis
- Cr, creatinine
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- FCp, fasting C-peptide
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- GPR43, G-protein coupled receptor 43
- Gut microbiome
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- LSG, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSG, monosodium glutamate
- Metagenomics
- Obesity
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCFAs, short chain fatty acids
- SFA, subcutaneous fat area
- TC, total cholesterol
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TG, triglyceride
- UA, uric acid
- VFA, visceral fat area
- Visceral fat
- WBC, white blood cell count
- WHR, waist-to-hip ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China (H. Yu and Y. Bao). Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany (G. Panagiotou).
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Splenic participation in glycemic homeostasis in obese and non-obese male rats. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:479-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Labban RSM, Alfawaz H, Almnaizel AT, Hassan WM, Bhat RS, Moubayed NM, Bjørklund G, El-Ansary A. High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:147-160. [PMID: 33312720 PMCID: PMC7705990 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyah Shaker M Labban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, General Administration of Nutrition, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed T Almnaizel
- Prince Naif for Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Ms Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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