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Décarie-Spain L, Hayes AMR, Lauer LT, Kanoski SE. The gut-brain axis and cognitive control: A role for the vagus nerve. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:201-209. [PMID: 36803834 PMCID: PMC10427741 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Survival requires the integration of external information and interoceptive cues to effectively guide advantageous behaviors, particularly foraging and other behaviors that promote energy acquisition and consumption. The vagus nerve acts as a critical relay between the abdominal viscera and the brain to convey metabolic signals. This review synthesizes recent findings from rodent models and humans revealing the impact of vagus nerve signaling from the gut on the control of higher-order neurocognitive domains, including anxiety, depression, reward motivation, and learning and memory. We propose a framework where meal consumption engages gastrointestinal tract-originating vagal afferent signaling that functions to alleviate anxiety and depressive-like states, while also promoting motivational and memory functions. These concurrent processes serve to favor the encoding of meal-relevant information into memory storage, thus facilitating future foraging behaviors. Modulation of these neurocognitive domains by vagal tone is also discussed in the context of pathological conditions, including the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and dementia-associated memory impairments. Collectively, these findings highlight the contributions of gastrointestinal vagus nerve signaling to the regulation of neurocognitive processes that shape various adaptive behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Décarie-Spain
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anna M R Hayes
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Logan Tierno Lauer
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, 3641Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Okonogi T, Kuga N, Yamakawa M, Kayama T, Ikegaya Y, Sasaki T. Stress-induced vagal activity influences anxiety-relevant prefrontal and amygdala neuronal oscillations in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38195621 PMCID: PMC10776769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve crucially affects emotions and psychiatric disorders. However, the detailed neurophysiological dynamics of the vagus nerve in response to emotions and its associated pathological changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the spike rates of the cervical vagus nerve change depending on anxiety behavior in an elevated plus maze test, and these changes were eradicated in stress-susceptible male mice. Furthermore, instantaneous spike rates of the vagus nerve were negatively and positively correlated with the power of 2-4 Hz and 20-30 Hz oscillations, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The oscillations also underwent dynamic changes depending on the behavioral state in the elevated plus maze, and these changes were no longer observed in stress-susceptible and vagotomized mice. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation restored behavior-relevant neuronal oscillations with the recovery of altered behavioral states in stress-susceptible mice. These results suggested that physiological vagal-brain communication underlies anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya Okonogi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Musashi Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Tong T, Hao C, Shen J, Liu S, Yan S, Aslam MS, Chen Y, Chen W, Li J, Li Y, Zeng J, Li M, You Z, Gulizhaerkezi T, Wei S, Zhu A, Meng X. Electroacupuncture ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior and cognitive impairment through suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110838. [PMID: 38123022 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with lowered mood, anxiety, anhedonia, cognitive impairments, and even suicidal tendencies in severe cases. Yet few studies have directed acupuncture's mechanism toward enhancing axonal repair correlated with synaptic plasticity and anti-inflammatory effects related to oxidative stress in the hippocampus. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group (CON), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, CUMS + electroacupuncture group (EA), and CUMS + fluoxetine group (FLX) (n = 10/group). Rats were given a 28-day treatment at the Shangxing (GV23) and Fengfu (GV16) acupoints with electroacupuncture or fluoxetine (2.1 mg/kg). RESULTS Rats exposed to CUMS induced depression-like behaviors and spatial learning-memory impairment, changed the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), Vglut1, myelin basic protein (MBP), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) level of hippocampal, increased the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), atypical squamous cell (ASC), Caspase level and hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prompted the activation of Epha4-mediated signaling and an inflammatory response. Conversely, electroacupuncture administration reduced these changes and prevented depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. Electroacupuncture also promoted hippocampal expression of Sirtuin1(SIRT1), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); reduced the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); and prevented neural damage, particularly the synaptic myelin sheath, and neuroinflammation by regulating Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) in the hippocampal. CONCLUSION These results indicate that electroacupuncture prevents depression-like behaviors with cognitive impairment and synaptic and neuronal damage, probably by reducing EphA4, which mediates ROS hyperfunction and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Chongyao Hao
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Junliang Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Longyan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xiamen University, Longyan, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Simin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | | | - Yiping Chen
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Meng Li
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhuoran You
- Second Clinical College, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Tuergong Gulizhaerkezi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Simiao Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Anning Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianjun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
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Zhou R, Huang C, Bi N, Li L, Li C, Gu X, Song Y, Wang HL. Chronic Pb Exposure Induces Anxiety and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice via Excitatory Neuronal Hyperexcitability in Ventral Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12222-12233. [PMID: 37559393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a widespread neurotoxic pollutant. Pb exposure is associated with mood disorders, with no well-established neural mechanisms elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether excitatory neurons in the dentate gyrus subregion of the ventral hippocampus (vDG) played a key role in Pb-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 100 ppm Pb starting on day 1 of pregnancy until experiments were performed using the offspring. Behavioral studies suggested that chronic Pb exposure triggered anxiety and depression-like behaviors. A combination of electrophysiological, optogenetic, and immunohistochemistry experiments was conducted. Results showed that Pb exposure resulted in excitatory neuronal hyperexcitability in vDG and that the behavioral deficits caused by Pb exposure could be rescued by inhibition of excitatory neuronal activity. Moreover, it was found that the action potential (AP) threshold of excitatory neurons was decreased by electrophysiological recordings. Our study demonstrates a significant role for excitatory neurons in vDG in Pb-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice, which is likely a result of decreased AP threshold. These outcomes can serve as an important basis for understanding mechanisms of anxiety and depression under environmental Pb exposure and help in the design of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chengqing Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changqing Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
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5
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Joo MK, Kim DH. Vagus nerve-dependent effects of fluoxetine on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175862. [PMID: 37331682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve is a major pathway in the body that is responsible for regulating the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, which plays an important role in mood disorders including anxiety and depression. Fluoxetine, also known as Prozac, is widely used to treat depression. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the vagus nerve-mediated action of fluoxetine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the vagus nerve-dependent actions of fluoxetine in mice with restraint stress-induced or antibiotics-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Compared to sham operation, vagotomy alone did not exhibit significant effects on behavioral changes and serotonin-related biomarkers in mice not exposed to stress, antibiotics, or fluoxetine. Oral administration of fluoxetine significantly alleviated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. However, celiac vagotomy significantly attenuated the anti-depressive effects of fluoxetine. The vagotomy also inhibited the effect of fluoxetine to attenuate restraint stress- or cefaclor-induced reduction in serotonin levels and Htr1a mRNA expression in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that the vagus nerve may regulate the efficacy of fluoxetine for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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6
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Yao C, Zhang Y, Sun X, Pei H, Wei S, Wang M, Chang Q, Liu X, Jiang N. Areca catechu L. ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression behavior in rats by the promotion of the BDNF signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114459. [PMID: 37245336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we have investigated the anti-depressant effects of the fruit Areca catechu L. (ACL) and elucidated its potential underlying mechanism using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS CUMS was induced in rats to establish a depression animal model for 28 days. According to the baseline sucrose preference, the male rats were divided into 6 different groups. They were treated with paroxetine hydrochloride, ACL, and water once a day until the behavioral tests were performed. The levels of corticosterone (CORT), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum were detected using a commercial kit, and the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain tissues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by immunofluorescence, and the relative abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β of brain tissues were assayed by western blot. RESULTS ACL markedly increased sucrose preference, decreased the immobility time, and shortened the feeding latency of CUMS-induced rats. CUMS induction resulted in marked changes in the contents of the monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT and DA) in the hippocampus and cortex of brain tissues and the levels of CORT, MDA, CAT, and T-SOD in serum, whereas ACL administration alleviated these considerable changes. ACL promoted DCX expression in DG and increased the protein levels of BDNF, TrkB, PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, PSD-95, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β in the brains of CUMS-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ACL may improve depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats by decreasing the hyperfunction and oxidative stress of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis, and activating the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Pei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Jing W, Bi C, Fang Z, Qian C, Chen J, Yu J, Tian G, Ye M, Liu Z. Neuropsychiatric sequelae after liver transplantation and their possible mechanism via the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114855. [PMID: 37163780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients after liver transplantation are often impacted by mental and even neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, sleep disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychiatric sequelae have an adverse impact on rehabilitation and can even incapacitate people, reducing their quality of life. Despite screening tools and effective treatments, neuropsychiatric sequelae after liver transplantation (NSALT) have not been fully diagnosed and treated. Current research suggests that NSALT may be partly related to intestinal microbial variation, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we describe the clinical and diagnostic features, prevalence, prediction, clinical course and outcome, management, and treatment of NSALT; we also summarize their mechanisms through the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis. Finally, we propose to improve NSALT on the basis of adjusting the gastrointestinal flora, immune inflammation or vagus nerve (VN), providing a novel strategy for clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of General Practice, Lizhu Branch, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Guoqiang Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaoxing seventh people's hospital, Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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8
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Farrand A, Jacquemet V, Verner R, Owens M, Beaumont E. Vagus nerve stimulation parameters evoke differential neuronal responses in the locus coeruleus. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15633. [PMID: 36905173 PMCID: PMC10006695 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and depression, with additional applications under investigation. The noradrenergic center locus coeruleus (LC) is vital for VNS effects; however, the impact of varying stimulation parameters on LC activation is poorly understood. This study characterized LC activation across VNS parameters. Extracellular activity was recorded in rats' left LC while 11 VNS paradigms, utilizing variable frequencies and bursting characteristics, were pseudorandomly delivered to the left cervical vagus for five cycles. Neurons' change from baseline firing rate and timing response profiles were assessed. The proportion of neurons categorized as responders over 5 VNS cycles doubled in comparison to the first VNS cycle (p < 0.001) for all VNS paradigms, demonstrating an amplification effect. The percentage of positively consistent/positive responders increased for standard VNS paradigms with frequencies ≥10 Hz and for bursting paradigms with shorter interburst intervals and more pulses per burst. The synchrony between pairs of LC neurons increased during bursting VNS but not standard paradigms. Also, the probability of evoking a direct response during bursting VNS was higher with longer interburst intervals and a higher number of pulses per burst. Standard paradigms between 10-30 Hz best positively activates LC with consistency to VNS while the best bursting paradigm to increase activity was 300 Hz, seven pulses per burst separated by 1 s. Bursting VNS was effective in increasing synchrony between pairs of neurons, suggesting a common network recruitment originating from vagal afferents. These results indicate differential activation of LC neurons depending on the VNS parameters delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Farrand
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
| | - Vincent Jacquemet
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterSacred Heart Hospital of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ryan Verner
- Neuromodulation DivisionLivaNova PLCHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Misty Owens
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
| | - Eric Beaumont
- Department of Biomedical SciencesQuillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennesseeUSA
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Peripheral Regulation of Central Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression through the Vagus Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043543. [PMID: 36834953 PMCID: PMC9964523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an extensively studied neurotrophin es sential for both developing the brain and maintaining adult brain function. In the adult hippocampus, BDNF is critical for maintaining adult neurogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved not only in memory formation and learning ability, but also mood regulation and stress responses. Accordingly, decreased levels of BDNF, accompanied by low levels of adult neurogenesis, occurs in brains of older adults with impaired cognitive function and in those of patients with major depression disorder. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms that maintain hippocampal BDNF levels is biologically and clinically important. It has been revealed that signalling from peripheral tissues contribute to the regulation of BDNF expression in the brain across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, recent studies indicated evidence that neuronal pathways can also be a mechanism by which peripheral tissues signal to the brain for the regulation of BDNF expression. In this review, we give an overview of the current status in the regulation of central BDNF expression by peripheral signalling, with a special interest in the regulation of hippocampal BDNF levels by signals via the vagus nerve. Finally, we discuss the relationship between signalling from peripheral tissues and age-associated control of central BDNF expression.
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Domenech P. Stimulation du nerf vague pour traiter l’épilepsie et la dépression résistante : vers une physiopathologie commune ? BULLETIN DE L'ACADÉMIE NATIONALE DE MÉDECINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Use Disorder: A Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-123423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
: Methamphetamine (MA) use and the mortality it causes are increasing worldwide. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the destructive effects of MA use are complex; however, there is much evidence that MA induces the dysfunction of monoaminergic transmission and causes oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, gliosis, and apoptosis. These toxic effects are associated with cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity and with an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, which altogether manifest themselves in clinical symptoms, such as neuropsychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases. There is no approved treatment for methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) despite all efforts made to date. The behavioral and pharmacological approaches currently used for the treatment of MUD are not completely effective. In this study, it is hypothesized that the stimulation of the vagus nerve and biological pathways underlying the processes of this stimulation might be effective as adjunctive therapy. Despite the potential effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to improve MUD, no study has yet examined the clinical potential effects of VNS in patients with the disorder. Therefore, further studies, including experimental and clinical trials, are needed to examine the effects of VNS on MUD.
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12
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Li T, Li X, Zhang J, Yu Z, Gong F, Wang J, Tang H, Xiang J, Zhang W, Cai D. Chemical component analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Guipi Tang and its effects on major depressive disorder at molecular level. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Driskill CM, Childs JE, Itmer B, Rajput JS, Kroener S. Acute Vagus Nerve Stimulation Facilitates Short Term Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Rats. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091137. [PMID: 36138873 PMCID: PMC9496852 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) causes the release of several neuromodulators, leading to cortical activation and deactivation. The resulting preparatory cortical plasticity can be used to increase learning and memory in both rats and humans. The effects of VNS on cognition have mostly been studied either in animal models of different pathologies, and/or after extended VNS. Considerably less is known about the effects of acute VNS. Here, we examined the effects of acute VNS on short-term memory and cognitive flexibility in naïve rats, using three cognitive tasks that require comparatively brief (single session) training periods. In all tasks, VNS was delivered immediately before or during the testing phase. We used a rule-shifting task to test cognitive flexibility, a novel object recognition task to measure short-term object memory, and a delayed spontaneous alternation task to measure spatial short-term memory. We also analyzed exploratory behavior in an elevated plus maze to determine the effects of acute VNS on anxiety. Our results indicate that acute VNS can improve memory and cognitive flexibility relative to Sham-stimulation, and these effects are independent of unspecific VNS-induced changes in locomotion or anxiety.
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14
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Rodenkirch C, Carmel JB, Wang Q. Rapid Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Sensory Processing Through Activation of Neuromodulatory Systems. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:922424. [PMID: 35864985 PMCID: PMC9294458 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.922424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After sensory information is encoded into neural signals at the periphery, it is processed through multiple brain regions before perception occurs (i.e., sensory processing). Recent work has begun to tease apart how neuromodulatory systems influence sensory processing. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is well-known as an effective and safe method of activating neuromodulatory systems. There is a growing body of studies confirming VNS has immediate effects on sensory processing across multiple sensory modalities. These immediate effects of VNS on sensory processing are distinct from the more well-documented method of inducing lasting neuroplastic changes to the sensory pathways through repeatedly delivering a brief VNS burst paired with a sensory stimulus. Immediate effects occur upon VNS onset, often disappear upon VNS offset, and the modulation is present for all sensory stimuli. Conversely, the neuroplastic effect of pairing sub-second bursts of VNS with a sensory stimulus alters sensory processing only after multiple pairing sessions, this alteration remains after cessation of pairing sessions, and the alteration selectively affects the response properties of neurons encoding the specific paired sensory stimulus. Here, we call attention to the immediate effects VNS has on sensory processing. This review discusses existing studies on this topic, provides an overview of the underlying neuromodulatory systems that likely play a role, and briefly explores the potential translational applications of using VNS to rapidly regulate sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rodenkirch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Charles Rodenkirch,
| | - Jason B. Carmel
- Department of Neurology and Orthopedics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Qi Wang,
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Pharmacological Implications of Adjusting Abnormal Fear Memory: Towards the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070788. [PMID: 35890087 PMCID: PMC9322538 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a unique clinical mental abnormality presenting a cluster of symptoms in which patients primarily experience flashbacks, nightmares and uncontrollable thoughts about the event that triggered their PTSD. Patients with PTSD may also have comorbid depression and anxiety in an intractable and long-term course, which makes establishing a comprehensive treatment plan difficult and complicated. The present article reviews current pharmacological manipulations for adjusting abnormal fear memory. The roles of the central monoaminergic systems (including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) within the fear circuit areas and the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are explored based on attempts to integrate current clinical and preclinical basic studies. In this review, we explain how these therapeutic paradigms function based on their connections to stages of the abnormal fear memory process from condition to extinction. This may provide useful translational interpretations for clinicians to manage PTSD.
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16
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Zhang SQ, Xia ZX, Deng Q, Yang PF, Long LH, Wang F, Chen JG. Repeated vagus nerve stimulation produces anxiolytic effects via upregulation of AMPAR function in centrolateral amygdala of male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100453. [PMID: 35685681 PMCID: PMC9170826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated vagus nerve stimulation (rVNS) exerts anxiolytic effect by activation of noradrenergic pathway. Centrolateral amygdala (CeL), a lateral subdivision of central amygdala, receives noradrenergic inputs, and its neuronal activity is positively correlated to anxiolytic effect of benzodiazepines. The activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) could enhance glutamatergic transmission in CeL. However, it is unclear whether the neurobiological mechanism of noradrenergic system in CeL mediates the anxiolytic effect induced by rVNS. Here, we find that rVNS treatment produces an anxiolytic effect in male rats by increasing the neuronal activity of CeL. Electrophysiology recording reveals that rVNS treatment enhances the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory neurotransmission in CeL, which is mimicked by β-ARs agonist isoproterenol or blocked by β-ARs antagonist propranolol. Moreover, chemogenetic inhibition of CeL neurons or pharmacological inhibition of β-ARs in CeL intercepts both enhanced glutamatergic neurotransmission and the anxiolytic effects by rVNS treatment. These results suggest that the amplified AMPAR trafficking in CeL via activation of β-ARs is critical for the anxiolytic effects induced by rVNS treatment. rVNS amplifies the noradrenergic system in CeL and results in anxiolysis. rVNS treatment enhances AMPAR-mediated excitatory neurotransmission CeL via β-ARs. Pharmacological inhibition β-ARs in CeL intercept the anxiolytic effects by rVNS. Exciting CeL neurons lead to an increase in inhibitory inputs into CeM neurons. Inhibiting CeL neurons abate inhibitory inputs into CeM and anxiolysis by rVNS.
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17
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Kim MS. Mixtures modeling identifies vitamin B1 and B3 intakes associated with depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 301:68-80. [PMID: 34986378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to identify the association between a mixture of vitamin B1, B2, and B3 intakes and depression. METHODS Daily intake of vitamins was measured by a one-day 24 h recall. Multivariate logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used. RESULTS Of 9,848 adults included in the final analysis, 4.38% had depression. In the logistic regression model, daily vitamin B1 and B3 intakes were associated with depression, and significant trends were observed for these vitamin intake tertiles (p < 0.001). The WQS index was significantly associated with depression (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.23-0.24). The gqcomp index also found a significant association between a mixture of vitamin B1 and B3 intake and depression (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.44-0.98). Vitamin B1 intake was the most heavily weighed vitamin intake in this model. In BKMR analysis, the overall effects of vitamin B1 and B3 intake mixture were negatively associated with depression. Vitamin B1 and B3 intake showed negative trends and was observed as the most important factor associated with depression. The cutoff levels for B vitamin intake levels related to depression were reported. LIMITATIONS A 24-hour recall and cross-sectional design were used. CONCLUSIONS Given the rising prevalence of depressive symptoms in Korea, an increase in daily intake of vitamin B1 and/or B3 through regular diets may help to reduce the risk of depression. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to investigate these associations between B vitamin supplementation and depression, either separately or jointly, in well-characterized cohorts of depression population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Xin Y, Zhang Y, Deng S, Hu X. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:756997. [PMID: 35046803 PMCID: PMC8762262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has a protective effect on distal organ injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of VNS on hepatic I/R injury-induced acute skeletal muscle injury and explore its underlying mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (sham operation, n = 6); I/R group (hepatic I/R with sham VNS, n = 6); and VNS group (hepatic I/R with VNS, n = 6). A hepatic I/R injury model was prepared by inducing hepatic ischemia for 1 h (70%) followed by hepatic reperfusion for 6 h. VNS was performed during the entire hepatic I/R process. Tissue and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical assays, molecular biological preparations, and histological examination. Our results showed that throughout the hepatic I/R process, VNS significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, while significantly increasing the protein levels of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and decreasing the levels of acetylated forkhead box O1 and Ac-p53, in the skeletal muscle. These data suggest that VNS can alleviate hepatic I/R injury-induced acute skeletal muscle injury by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, potentially via the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Simin Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Brougher J, Aziz U, Adari N, Chaturvedi M, Jules A, Shah I, Syed S, Thorn CA. Self-Administration of Right Vagus Nerve Stimulation Activates Midbrain Dopaminergic Nuclei. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:782786. [PMID: 34975384 PMCID: PMC8716493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.782786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Left cervical vagus nerve stimulation (l-VNS) is an FDA-approved treatment for neurological disorders including epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and stroke, and l-VNS is increasingly under investigation for a range of other neurological indications. Traditional l-VNS is thought to induce therapeutic neuroplasticity in part through the coordinated activation of multiple broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems in the brain. Recently, it has been reported that striking lateralization exists in the anatomical and functional connectivity between the vagus nerves and the dopaminergic midbrain. These emerging findings suggest that VNS-driven activation of this important plasticity-promoting neuromodulatory system may be preferentially driven by targeting the right, rather than the left, cervical nerve. Objective: To compare the effects of right cervical VNS (r-VNS) vs. traditional l-VNS on self-administration behavior and midbrain dopaminergic activation in rats. Methods: Rats were implanted with a stimulating cuff electrode targeting either the right or left cervical vagus nerve. After surgical recovery, rats underwent a VNS self-administration assay in which lever pressing was paired with r-VNS or l-VNS delivery. Self-administration was followed by extinction, cue-only reinstatement, and stimulation reinstatement sessions. Rats were sacrificed 90 min after completion of behavioral training, and brains were removed for immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos expression in the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as well as in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). Results: Rats in the r-VNS cohort performed significantly more lever presses throughout self-administration and reinstatement sessions than did rats in the l-VNS cohort. Moreover, this appetitive behavioral responding was associated with significantly greater c-Fos expression among neuronal populations within the VTA, SNc, and LC. Differential c-Fos expression following r-VNS vs. l-VNS was particularly prominent within dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Conclusion: Our results support the existence of strong lateralization within vagal-mesencephalic signaling pathways, and suggest that VNS targeted to the right, rather than left, cervical nerve preferentially activates the midbrain dopaminergic system. These findings raise the possibility that r-VNS could provide a promising strategy for enhancing dopamine-dependent neuroplasticity, opening broad avenues for future research into the efficacy and safety of r-VNS in the treatment of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Brougher
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Umaymah Aziz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Nikitha Adari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Muskaan Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Aryela Jules
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Iqra Shah
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Saba Syed
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Catherine A Thorn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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20
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Fear and Anxiety in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 7. [PMID: 36303861 PMCID: PMC9600938 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders affect a large percentage of individuals who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In children with ASD, excessive anxiety is also linked to gastrointestinal problems, self-injurious behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies are effective treatments for anxiety disorders in children with ASD, but high relapse rates indicate the need for additional treatment strategies. This perspective discusses evidence from preclinical research, which indicates that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with exposure to fear-provoking stimuli and situations could offer benefits as an adjuvant treatment for anxiety disorders that coexist with ASD. Vagus nerve stimulation is approved for use in the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and more recently as an adjuvant in rehabilitative training following stroke. In preclinical models, VNS shows promise in simultaneously enhancing consolidation of extinction memories and reducing anxiety. In this review, we will present potential mechanisms by which VNS could treat fear and anxiety in ASD. We also discuss potential uses of VNS to treat depression and epilepsy in the context of ASD, and noninvasive methods to stimulate the vagus nerve.
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21
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Hoang NHM, Jo WH, Kim MS. Environmental science and pollution research role of heavy metal concentrations and vitamin intake from food in depression: a national cross-sectional study (2009-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:4574-4586. [PMID: 34414543 PMCID: PMC8376242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about associations between depression and serum heavy metal levels, dietary vitamin intakes. Thus, we sought to determine the nature of these associations and to predict risks of depression using marginal effects. A data set of 16,371 individuals aged ≥10 years that participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted from 2009 to 2017 (excluding 2014 and 2015) was used to obtain information on sociodemographics, family histories, lifestyles, serum heavy metal levels, food intakes, and depression. Serum cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and mercury (Hg) levels using a mercury analyzer. Daily vitamin intakes were calculated by 24-h dietary recall. The results obtained showed that females are at higher risk of depression than males. A doubling of serum Cd was associated with a 21% increase in depression (AOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37, p = 0.002), whereas twofold increases in daily vitamin B1, B3 and vitamin A intakes reduced the risk of depression by 17% (0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.95, p = 0.005), 20% (0.80, 95% CI: 0.70-0.91, p = 0.001), and 8% (0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99, p = 0.020), respectively. Interactions between heavy metals, vitamin intakes, and sex did not influence the risk of depression. The result shows that increased daily dietary vitamin intake might protect the public against depression. Further studies are needed to reduce the risks posed by heavy metals and to determine more comprehensively the effects of daily dietary vitamin intake on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Tseng CT, Gaulding SJ, Dancel CLE, Thorn CA. Local activation of α2 adrenergic receptors is required for vagus nerve stimulation induced motor cortical plasticity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21645. [PMID: 34737352 PMCID: PMC8568982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation training is emerging as a potential treatment for improving recovery of motor function following stroke. In rats, VNS paired with skilled forelimb training results in significant reorganization of the somatotopic cortical motor map; however, the mechanisms underlying this form of VNS-dependent plasticity remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that VNS-driven cortical plasticity is dependent on noradrenergic innervation of the neocortex. In the central nervous system, noradrenergic α2 receptors (α2-ARs) are widely expressed in the motor cortex and have been critically implicated in synaptic communication and plasticity. In current study, we examined whether activation of cortical α2-ARs is necessary for VNS-driven motor cortical reorganization to occur. Consistent with previous studies, we found that VNS paired with motor training enlarges the map representation of task-relevant musculature in the motor cortex. Infusion of α2-AR antagonists into M1 blocked VNS-driven motor map reorganization from occurring. Our results suggest that local α2-AR activation is required for VNS-induced cortical reorganization to occur, providing insight into the mechanisms that may underlie the neuroplastic effects of VNS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Tzu Tseng
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Solomon J Gaulding
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Canice Lei E Dancel
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Catherine A Thorn
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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23
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West CL, Neufeld KAM, Mao YK, Stanisz AM, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J, Barbut D, Zasloff M, Kunze WA. Identification of SSRI-evoked antidepressant sensory signals by decoding vagus nerve activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21130. [PMID: 34702901 PMCID: PMC8548562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve relays mood-altering signals originating in the gut lumen to the brain. In mice, an intact vagus is required to mediate the behavioural effects of both intraluminally applied selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and a strain of Lactobacillus with antidepressant-like activity. Similarly, the prodepressant effect of lipopolysaccharide is vagus nerve dependent. Single vagal fibres are broadly tuned to respond by excitation to both anti- and prodepressant agents, but it remains unclear how neural responses encode behaviour-specific information. Here we demonstrate using ex vivo experiments that for single vagal fibres within the mesenteric neurovascular bundle supplying the mouse small intestine, a unique neural firing pattern code is common to both chemical and bacterial vagus-dependent antidepressant luminal stimuli. This code is qualitatively and statistically discernible from that evoked by lipopolysaccharide, a non-vagus-dependent antidepressant or control non-antidepressant Lactobacillus strain and are not affected by sex status. We found that all vagus dependent antidepressants evoked a decrease in mean spike interval, increase in spike burst duration, decrease in gap duration between bursts and increase in intra-burst spike intervals. Our results offer a novel neuronal electrical perspective as one explanation for mechanisms of action of gut-derived vagal dependent antidepressants. We expect that our ex vivo individual vagal fibre recording model will improve the design and operation of new, extant electroceutical vagal stimulation devices currently used to treat major depression. Furthermore, use of this vagal antidepressant code should provide a valuable screening tool for novel potential oral antidepressant candidates in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L West
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Kang Mao
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew M Stanisz
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Bienenstock
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Zasloff
- Enterin, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA.,MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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24
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Zou XS, Yin HL, Shi L, Li HP, Wang MH, Song WC, Luo Y, Chen WL, Wu HZ, Yang YF, Zan JF, Liu YW, Dan HX, Yin Q, You PT. Treatment with Gaoziban Tablet Ameliorates Depression by Promoting GSK-3β Phosphorylation to Enhance the Wnt/β-catenin Activation in the Hippocampus of Rats. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Ko DWK. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) as a potential therapeutic application for neurodegenerative disorders - A focus on dysautonomia in Parkinson's disease. Auton Neurosci 2021; 235:102858. [PMID: 34365230 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The understandings of pathogenic processes in major neurodegenerative diseases has significantly advanced in recent years, with evidence showing pathological spread of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions as a fundamental factor. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the culprit protein has been identified as α-synuclein as the main component for mediating progressive neurodegeneration. With severe pathology evident in the autonomic nervous system prior to clinical manifestations of PD, pathogenic spread can occur from the peripheral nervous system through key nuclei, such as the anterior olfactory nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, gradually reaching the brainstem, midbrain and cerebral cortex. With this understanding and the proposed involvement of the vagus nerve in disease progression in PD, notably occurring prior to characterized clinical motor features, it raises intriguing questions as to whether vagal nerve pathology can be accurately detected, and importantly used as a reliable marker for determining early neurodegeneration. Along with this is the potential use of vagus nerve neuromodulation for treatment of early disease symptoms like dysautonomia, for modulating sympatho-vagal imbalances and easing severe comorbidities of the disease. In this article, we take a closer look at the pathogenic transmission processes in neurodegenerative disorders that impact the vagus nerve, and how vagus nerve neuromodulation can be potentially applied as a therapeutic approach for major neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W K Ko
- Neuropix Company Ltd, Core F, Cyberport 3, 100 Cyberport Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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26
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Szulczewski MT. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Combined With Slow Breathing: Speculations on Potential Applications and Technical Considerations. Neuromodulation 2021; 25:380-394. [PMID: 35396070 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively novel noninvasive neurostimulation method that is believed to mimic the effects of invasive cervical VNS. It has recently been suggested that the effectiveness of taVNS can be enhanced by combining it with controlled slow breathing. Slow breathing modulates the activity of the vagus nerve and is used in behavioral medicine to decrease psychophysiological arousal. Based on studies that examine the effects of taVNS and slow breathing separately, this article speculates on some of the conditions in which this combination treatment may prove effective. Furthermore, based on findings from studies on the optimization of taVNS and slow breathing, this article provides guidance on how to combine taVNS with slow breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonsystematic review. RESULTS Both taVNS and slow breathing are considered promising add-on therapeutic approaches for anxiety and depressive disorders, chronic pain, cardiovascular diseases, and insomnia. Therefore, taVNS combined with slow breathing may produce additive or even synergistic beneficial effects in these conditions. Studies on respiratory-gated taVNS during spontaneous breathing suggest that taVNS should be delivered during expiration. Therefore, this article proposes to use taVNS as a breathing pacer to indicate when and for how long to exhale during slow breathing exercises. CONCLUSIONS Combining taVNS with slow breathing seems to be a promising hybrid neurostimulation and behavioral intervention.
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Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression exclusively through central mechanisms. Pain 2021; 161:1661-1669. [PMID: 32142015 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly support vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a novel treatment in migraine. Vagus nerve stimulation acutely suppresses cortical spreading depression (CSD) susceptibility, an experimental model that has been used to screen for migraine therapies. However, mechanisms underlying VNS efficacy on CSD are unknown. Here, we interrogated the central and peripheral mechanisms using VNS delivered either invasively (iVNS) or noninvasively (nVNS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cortical spreading depression susceptibility was evaluated 40 minutes after the stimulation. iVNS elevated the electrical CSD threshold more than 2-fold and decreased KCl-induced CSD frequency by 22% when delivered to intact vagus nerve. Distal vagotomy did not alter iVNS efficacy (2-fold higher threshold and 19% lower frequency in iVNS vs sham). By contrast, proximal vagotomy completely abolished iVNS effect on CSD. Pharmacological blockade of nucleus tractus solitarius, the main relay for vagal afferents, by lidocaine or glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX also prevented CSD suppression by nVNS. Supporting a role for both norepinephrine and serotonin, CSD suppression by nVNS was inhibited by more than 50% after abrogating norepinephrinergic or serotonergic neurotransmission alone using specific neurotoxins; abrogating both completely blocked the nVNS effect. Our results suggest that VNS inhibits CSD through central afferents relaying in nucleus tractus solitarius and projecting to subcortical neuromodulatory centers providing serotonergic and norepinephrinergic innervation to the cortex.
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Wang Y, Zhan G, Cai Z, Jiao B, Zhao Y, Li S, Luo A. Vagus nerve stimulation in brain diseases: Therapeutic applications and biological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:37-53. [PMID: 33894241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases, have posed a deleterious threat to human health and brought a great burden to society and the healthcare system. With the development of medical technology, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy, refractory depression, cluster headaches, and migraines. Furthermore, current evidence showed promising results towards the treatment of more brain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Nonetheless, the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of VNS in brain diseases remain only partially elucidated. This review aims to delve into the relevant preclinical and clinical studies and update the progress of VNS applications and its potential mechanisms underlying the biological effects in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ziwen Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiyong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ailin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Souza RR, Oleksiak CR, Tabet MN, Rennaker RL, Hays SA, Kilgard MP, McIntyre CK. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes extinction generalization across sensory modalities. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 181:107425. [PMID: 33771710 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences involve complex sensory information, and individuals with trauma-related psychological disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can exhibit abnormal fear to numerous different stimuli that remind them of the trauma. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances extinction of auditory fear conditioning in rat models for PTSD. We recently found that VNS-paired extinction can also promote extinction generalization across different auditory cues. Here we tested whether VNS can enhance extinction of olfactory fear and promote extinction generalization across auditory and olfactory sensory modalities. Male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with a stimulating cuff on the cervical vagus nerve. Rats then received two days of fear conditioning where olfactory (amyl acetate odor) and auditory (9 kHz tones) stimuli were concomitantly paired with footshock. Twenty-four hours later, rats were given three days of sham or VNS-paired extinction (5 stimulations, 30-sec trains at 0.4 mA) overlapping with presentation of either the olfactory or the auditory stimulus. Two days later, rats were given an extinction retention test where avoidance of the olfactory stimulus or freezing to the auditory stimulus were measured. VNS-paired with exposure to the olfactory stimulus during extinction reduced avoidance of the odor in the retention test. VNS-paired with exposure to the auditory stimulus during extinction also decreased avoidance of the olfactory cue, and VNS paired with exposure to the olfactory stimulus during extinction reduced freezing when the auditory stimulus was presented in the retention test. These results indicate that VNS enhances extinction of olfactory fear and promotes extinction generalization across different sensory modalities. Extinction generalization induced by VNS may therefore improve outcomes of exposure-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimenez R Souza
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Cecily R Oleksiak
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Michel N Tabet
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Robert L Rennaker
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Seth A Hays
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Michael P Kilgard
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Christa K McIntyre
- Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States; School of Behavioral Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
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Valdés-Sustaita B, Estrada-Camarena E, González-Trujano ME, López-Rubalcava C. Estrogen receptors-β and serotonin mediate the antidepressant-like effect of an aqueous extract of pomegranate in ovariectomized rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104904. [PMID: 33220387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit is of particular interest because of its high nutritional value and therapeutic actions. Recently, we showed that an aqueous extract of pomegranate (AE-PG) given by oral route induced antidepressant-like actions mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) suggesting its potential to function as an alternative to estrogen therapy replacement in menopause-related depression treatment. Orally administered AE-PG allows the biotransformation of ellagitannins into active estrogenic compounds through the intestinal microbiota. However, it is necessary to know if compounds that do not need to be biotransformed by the intestinal microbiota are involved in the antidepressant-like effects. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine if AE-PG produces an antidepressant-like effect when administered intraperitoneally. Also, to determine the participation of specific ER-subtypes (α or β) and to analyze the role of the serotonergic system. Young female Wistar rats were ovariectomized as a surgical model of menopause. The intraperitoneal administration of AE-PG (1 mg/kg; i. p.) was evaluated in the forced swimming test and open field tests. Also, the ERα antagonist (TPBM; 50 μg/rat; s. c.) or the ERβ antagonist (PHTPP; 25 μg/rat; s. c.) were administered with AE-PG to analyze the participation of the specific ERs. Finally, the effect of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-DHT (200 μg/rat; i. c.v.) on the antidepressant-like effect of the AE-PG was studied in independent experimental groups. RESULTS: showed that AE-PG administered by intraperitoneal route induced antidepressant-like effects. This result suggests that gut microbiota biotransformation is not necessary to exert its actions. The mechanism of action involves the activation of the ERβ and the serotonergic system. Altogether, this information contributes to the elucidation of the antidepressant action of the pomegranate fruit, which could be further considered as an alternative treatment for depression during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Valdés-Sustaita
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados. Calzada de los Tenorios 235. Col. Granjas Coapa 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Yao JQ, Liu C, Jin ZL, Liu YQ, Yin YY, Fang XX, Ran YH, Zhang LM, Li YF. Serotonergic transmission is required for the anxiolytic-like behavioral effects of YL-IPA08, a selective ligand targeting TSPO. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108230. [PMID: 32693005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent group of mental disorders globally, leading to considerable losses in health, functioning and increase of medical costs. Till now, the search for novel pharmacological treatments is driven by the growing medical need to improve on the effectiveness and the side effect profile of existing drugs. In central nervous system, the mitochondrially located translocator protein (18 kDa, TSPO) serves as the rate-limiting step for neurosteroidogenesis and influences GABAergic transmission. Since 5-HT is one of the most comprehensively studied neurotransmitter systems in the anxiety field, in the present study, we want to investigate whether 5-HT system is involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of YL-IPA08, a novel TSPO ligand designed and synthesized at our institute. Our data showed that YL-IPA08 could potentiate the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response, and the anxiolytic-like effect of YL-IPA08 was abolished by pCPA or 5,7-DHT pretreatment in mice. Furthermore, we found that YL-IPA08 increased the extracellular levels of 5-HT in the rat ventral hippocampus in freely moving rat using the rapid and validated HPLC coupled with microdialysis. In addition, 5-HT level was positively correlated with the level of allopregnanolone. The above results suggest that 5-HT neurotransmission may play a critical role in the anxiolytic-like effects of YL-IPA08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Yao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; Nanlou Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zeng-Liang Jin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Qin Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yin
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin-Xin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ran
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Neuser MP, Teckentrup V, Kühnel A, Hallschmid M, Walter M, Kroemer NB. Vagus nerve stimulation boosts the drive to work for rewards. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3555. [PMID: 32678082 PMCID: PMC7366927 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive feedback transmitted via the vagus nerve plays a vital role in motivation by tuning actions according to physiological needs. Whereas vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reinforces actions in animals, motivational effects elicited by VNS in humans are still largely elusive. Here, we applied non-invasive transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) on the left or right ear while participants exerted effort to earn rewards using a randomized cross-over design (vs. sham). In line with preclinical studies, acute taVNS enhances invigoration of effort, and stimulation on the left side primarily facilitates invigoration for food rewards. In contrast, we do not find conclusive evidence that acute taVNS affects effort maintenance or wanting ratings. Collectively, our results suggest that taVNS enhances reward-seeking by boosting invigoration, not effort maintenance and that the stimulation side affects generalization beyond food reward. Thus, taVNS may enhance the pursuit of prospective rewards which may pave avenues to treat motivational deficiencies. The vagus nerve transmits signals between the gut and the brain thereby tuning motivated behavior to physiological needs. Here, the authors show that acute non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve via the ear enhances the invigoration of effort for rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monja P Neuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Teckentrup
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry and International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraeplinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils B Kroemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Farrand AQ, Verner RS, McGuire RM, Helke KL, Hinson VK, Boger HA. Differential effects of vagus nerve stimulation paradigms guide clinical development for Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:1323-1332. [PMID: 32629028 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) modifies brain rhythms in the locus coeruleus (LC) via the solitary nucleus. Degeneration of the LC in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an early catalyst of the spreading neurodegenerative process, suggesting that stimulating LC output with VNS has the potential to modify disease progression. We previously showed in a lesion PD model that VNS delivered twice daily reduced neuroinflammation and motor deficits, and attenuated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell loss. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize the differential effects of three clinically-relevant VNS paradigms in a PD lesion model. METHODS Eleven days after DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, noradrenergic lesion, administered systemically)/6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine, dopaminergic lesion, administered intrastriatally) rats were implanted with VNS devices, and received either low-frequency VNS, standard-frequency VNS, or high-frequency microburst VNS. After 10 days of treatment and behavioral assessment, rats were euthanized, right prefrontal cortex (PFC) was dissected for norepinephrine assessment, and the left striatum, bilateral substantia nigra (SN), and LC were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of catecholamine neurons, α-synuclein, astrocytes, and microglia. RESULTS At higher VNS frequencies, specifically microburst VNS, greater improvements occurred in motor function, attenuation of TH-positive cell loss in SN and LC, and norepinephrine concentration in the PFC. Additionally, higher VNS frequencies resulted in lower intrasomal α-synuclein accumulation and glial density in the SN. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that higher stimulation frequencies provided the greatest attenuation of behavioral and pathological markers in this PD model, indicating therapeutic potential for these VNS paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Q Farrand
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ryan S Verner
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Ryan M McGuire
- Neuromodulation Division of LivaNova, PLC, 100 Cyberonics Blvd, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 165 Ashley Ave, Children's Hospital 309, MSC 908, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 309, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB Suite 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Huang HJ, Huang CY, Lee M, Lin JY, Hsieh-Li HM. Puerariae Radix Prevents Anxiety and Cognitive Deficits in Mice Under Oligomeric Aβ-Induced Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1459-1481. [PMID: 31752523 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we evaluated five CHMs in oligomeric Aβ25-35-treated mouse primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. The aqueous extract from the root of Pueraria lobata (Puerariae Radix; PR) showed better neuroprotective effects than did the other four CHM aqueous extracts, including Gardenia jasminoides, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhodiola rosea, and Panax, in the primary culture treated with saline or oligomeric Aβ25-35. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of PR were also better than its well-known active compound, puerarin, against the neurotoxicity of oligomeric Aβ25-35 in a primary culture. For in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J male mice that received direct infusion of soluble oligomeric Aβ25-35 into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 subregion were used as an alternative AD mouse model. The effects and molecular mechanisms of chronic systemic administration of PR aqueous extract were evaluated in the alternative AD model. PR aqueous extract prevented anxiety and cognitive impairment in mice associated with a decrease in the levels of Aβ deposition, tau protein phosphorylation, inflammation, loss of noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurons and an increase in the levels of synaptophysin and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) against the toxicity of oligomeric Aβ25-35. Furthermore, no obvious damage to the liver and kidney was detected after chronic systemic administration of PR aqueous extract. Therefore, using PR could be a safer, more effective therapeutic strategy than using its active compound puerarin to prevent both cognitive and noncognitive dysfunction and related pathological features of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Mingchung Lee
- Brion Research Institute, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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Senova S, Rabu C, Beaumont S, Michel V, Palfi S, Mallet L, Domenech P. Stimulation du nerf vague dans le traitement de la dépression. Presse Med 2019; 48:1507-1519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Childs JE, Kim S, Driskill CM, Hsiu E, Kroener S. Vagus nerve stimulation during extinction learning reduces conditioned place preference and context-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1448-1455. [PMID: 31289015 PMCID: PMC10766375 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use causes the formation of strong cue/reward associations which persist long after cessation of drug-taking and contribute to the long-term risk of relapse. Extinguishing these associations may reduce cue-induced craving and relapse. Previously, we found that pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with extinction of cocaine self-administration reduces cue-induced reinstatement; however, it remains unclear whether this was primarily caused by extinguishing the context, the instrumental response, or both. OBJECTIVE Hypothesis: We hypothesized that VNS can facilitate the extinction of both contextual cues and instrumental responding. METHODS Extinction of context was first tested using Pavlovian conditioned place preference (CPP). Next, the impact of VNS on the extinction of instrumental responding was assessed under ABA and AAA context conditions. In each extinction context separate groups of rats were either provided the opportunity to perform the instrumental response, or the levers were retracted for the duration of extinction training. Reinstatement was induced by reintroduction of the conditioned stimuli and/or the drug-paired context. Data were analyzed using one-way or two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. RESULTS VNS during extinction reduced reinstatement of CPP. VNS also reduced cue- and context-induced reinstatement of the instrumental response under both AAA and ABA conditions. The subjects' ability to engage with the lever during extinction was crucial for this effect. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. CONCLUSIONS Craving occurs in response to a range of conditioned stimuli and contexts; VNS may improve outcomes of behavioral therapy by facilitating extinction of both an instrumental response and/or contextual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Childs
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Suhyeong Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Christopher M Driskill
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Emily Hsiu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sven Kroener
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Zhang Y, Lv X, Liu R, Zhang M, Liu H, Gao H, Zhang Q, Xu H, Li Q, Bi K. An integrated strategy for ascertaining quality marker of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill based on correlation analysis between depression-related monoaminergic metabolites and chemical components profiling. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1598:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Dempsey E, Abautret-Daly Á, Docherty NG, Medina C, Harkin A. Persistent central inflammation and region specific cellular activation accompany depression- and anxiety-like behaviours during the resolution phase of experimental colitis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:616-632. [PMID: 31063848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety-related psychological symptoms are increasingly recognised as important co-morbidities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) -induced colitis is an animal model of IBD in which afferent activation of the gut-brain axis can be assessed and explored as a source of behavioural change. Exposure of adult male Wistar rats to DSS (5%) in drinking water induced distal colitis. In parallel to local inflammatory responses in the gut wall, increased expression of IL-6 and iNOS was found in the cerebral cortex and an increase in ventricular volume. Immunoreactivity of immediate early gene FosB/ΔFosB activation was measured as an index of cellular activation and was increased in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal raphe nucleus in acutely colitic animals. Following resolution of the acute colitic response, sustained anhedonia in the saccharin preference test, immobility in the forced swim test, reduced burying behaviour in the marble burying test, and mild signs of anxiety in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box were observed. Central increases in iNOS expression persisted during the recovery phase and mapped to reactive microglia, particularly those found in the parenchyma surrounding circumventricular regions. Evidence of associated nitration was also found. Sustained increases in ventricular volume and reduced T2 magnetic resonance relaxometry time in cortical regions were observed during the recovery period. FosB/ΔFosB activation was evident in the dorsal raphe during recovery. Persistent central inflammation and cellular activation may underpin the emergence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Dempsey
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Áine Abautret-Daly
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Neil G Docherty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Farrand AQ, Helke KL, Aponte-Cofresí L, Gooz MB, Gregory RA, Hinson VK, Boger HA. Effects of vagus nerve stimulation are mediated in part by TrkB in a parkinson's disease model. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112080. [PMID: 31301412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is being explored as a potential therapeutic for Parkinson's disease (PD). VNS is less invasive than other surgical treatments and has beneficial effects on behavior and brain pathology. It has been suggested that VNS exerts these effects by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to enhance pro-survival mechanisms of its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase-B (TrkB). We have previously shown that striatal BDNF is increased after VNS in a lesion model of PD. By chronically administering ANA-12, a TrkB-specific antagonist, we aimed to determine TrkB's role in beneficial VNS effects for a PD model. In this study, we administered a noradrenergic neurotoxin, DSP-4, intraperitoneally and one week later administered a bilateral intrastriatal dopaminergic neurotoxin, 6-OHDA. At this time, the left vagus nerve was cuffed for stimulation. Eleven days later, rats received VNS twice per day for ten days, with daily locomotor assessment. Daily ANA-12 injections were given one hour prior to the afternoon stimulation and concurrent locomotor session. Following the final VNS session, rats were euthanized, and left striatum, bilateral substantia nigra and locus coeruleus were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of neurons, α-synuclein, astrocytes, and microglia. While ANA-12 did not avert behavioral improvements of VNS, and only partially prevented VNS-induced attenuation of neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus, it did stop neuronal and anti-inflammatory effects of VNS in the nigrostriatal system, indicating a role for TrkB in mediating VNS efficacy. However, our data also suggest that BDNF-TrkB is not the sole mechanism of action for VNS in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Q Farrand
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA; Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Ave, Children's Hospital 309, MSC 908, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Luis Aponte-Cofresí
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Monika B Gooz
- Dept of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St, DDB 507, MSC 139, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gregory
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 309, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB 403, MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Yoon HK. Therapeutic Application of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Primary Insomnia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.33069/cim.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Noble LJ, Chuah A, Callahan KK, Souza RR, McIntyre CK. Peripheral effects of vagus nerve stimulation on anxiety and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:245-251. [PMID: 31209119 PMCID: PMC6581007 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048447.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Previous findings support the hypothesis that VNS effects on extinction are due to enhanced consolidation of extinction memories through promotion of plasticity in extinction-related brain pathways however, alternative explanations are plausible. According to one hypothesis, VNS may produce a hedonic effect and enhance extinction through counter-conditioning. According to another hypothesis, VNS reduces anxiety during exposure and this weakens the association of conditioned stimuli with aversive conditioned responses. The present set of experiments (1) used conditioned place preference (CPP) to identify potential rewarding effects associated with VNS and (2) examined the peripheral effects of VNS on anxiety and extinction enhancement. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were surgically implanted with cuff electrodes around the vagus nerve and subjected to a CPP task in which VNS and sham stimulation were each paired with one of two distinct contexts over the course of 5 d. Following this procedure, rats did not show a place preference, suggesting that VNS is not rewarding or aversive. The role of the peripheral parasympathetic system in the anxiolytic effect of VNS on the elevated plus maze was examined by blocking peripheral muscarinic receptors with intraperitoneal administration of methyl scopolamine prior to VNS. Methyl scopolamine blocked the VNS-induced reduction in anxiety but did not interfere with VNS enhancement of extinction of conditioned fear, indicating that the anxiety-reducing effect of VNS is not necessary for the extinction enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J Noble
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA.,Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Ashleigh Chuah
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Kathleen K Callahan
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Rimenez R Souza
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA.,Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
| | - Christa K McIntyre
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA.,Texas Biomedical Device Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, USA
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Klarer M, Weber-Stadlbauer U, Arnold M, Langhans W, Meyer U. Abdominal vagal deafferentation alters affective behaviors in rats. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:404-412. [PMID: 31003109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a role of abnormal gut-brain signaling in disorders involving altered mood and affect, including depression. Studies using vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suggest that the disruption of vagal afferent signaling may contribute to these abnormalities. To test this hypothesis, we used a rat model of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA), the most complete and selective vagal deafferentation method existing to date, to study the consequences of complete disconnection of abdominal vagal afferents on affective behaviors. METHODS SDA- and Sham-operated male rats were subjected to several tests that are commonly used in preclinical rodent models to assess the presence of anhedonic behavior, namely the novel object-induced exploration test, the novelty-suppressed eating test, and the sucrose preference test. In addition, we compared SDA and Sham rats in a social interaction test and the forced swim test to assess sociability and behavioral despair, respectively. RESULTS Compared to Sham controls, SDA rats consistently displayed signs of anhedonic behavior in all test settings used. SDA rats also showed increased immobility and reduced swimming in the forced swim test, whereas they did not differ from Sham controls with regards to social approach behavior. LIMITATIONS This study was conducted in male rats only. Hence, possible sex-specific effects of SDA on affective behaviors remained unexamined. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that hedonic behavior and behavioral despair are subject to visceral modulation through abdominal vagal afferents. These data are compatible with preclinical models and clinical trials showing beneficial effects of VNS on depression-like and affective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Klarer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Malbert CH, Genissel M, Divoux JL, Henry C. Chronic abdominal vagus stimulation increased brain metabolic connectivity, reduced striatal dopamine transporter and increased mid-brain serotonin transporter in obese miniature pigs. J Transl Med 2019; 17:78. [PMID: 30866954 PMCID: PMC6417219 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Changes in brain metabolism has been investigated thoroughly during unilateral cervical chronic vagal stimulation in epileptic or depressive patients. Bilateral stimulation of the abdominal vagus (aVNS) has received less attention despite the reduction in body weight and an altered feeding behavior in obese animals that could be clinically relevant in obese individuals. Our study aims to examine the changes in brain glucose metabolism (CMRglu) induced by aVNS in obese adult miniature pigs. Dopamine (DAT) and serotonin transporters (SERT) were also quantified to further understand the molecular origins of the alterations in brain metabolism. Subjects/methods Pairs of stimulating electrodes were implanted during laparoscopy on both abdominal vagal trunks in 20 obese adult’s miniature pigs. Half of the animals were permanently stimulated while the remaining were sham stimulated. Two months after the onset of stimulation, dynamic 18FDG PET and 123I-ioflupane SPECT were performed. Food intake, resting energy expenditure and fat deposition were also assessed longitudinally. Results Food intake was halved and resting energy expenditure was increased by 60% in aVNS group compared to sham. The gain in body weight was also 38% less in aVNS group compared to sham. Brain metabolic connectivity increased between numerous structures including striatum, mid-brain, amygdala and hippocampus. On the contrary, increased CMRglu were restricted to the thalamus, the periaqueducal grey and the amygdala. DAT binding potential was decreased by about one third in the striatum while SERT was about doubled in the midbrain. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that aVNS reduced weight gain as a consequence of diminished daily food intake and increased resting energy expenditure. These changes were associated with enhanced connectivity between several brain areas. A lower striatal DAT together with a doubled mid-brain SERT were likely causative for these changes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1831-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Genissel
- Pegase Unit, Dept of Animal Physiology, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France
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Shin HC, Jo BG, Lee CY, Lee KW, Namgung U. Hippocampal activation of 5-HT1B
receptors and BDNF production by vagus nerve stimulation in rats under chronic restraint stress. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1820-1830. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Chul Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Byung Gon Jo
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Daejeon University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Kang-Woo Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Uk Namgung
- Department of Oriental Medicine; Daejeon University; Daejeon Korea
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45
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Yakunina N, Kim SS, Nam EC. BOLD fMRI effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in patients with chronic tinnitus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207281. [PMID: 30485375 PMCID: PMC6261575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation method used for treatment of epilepsy and depression. Transcutaneous VNS (tVNS) has been gaining popularity as a noninvasive alternative to VNS. Previous tVNS neuroimaging studies revealed brain (de)activation patterns that involved multiple areas implicated in tinnitus generation and perception. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to explore the effects of tVNS on brain activity in patients with tinnitus. Methods Thirty-six patients with chronic tinnitus received tVNS to the inner tragus, cymba conchae, and earlobe (sham stimulation). Results The locus coeruleus and nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem were activated in response to stimulation of both locations compared with the sham stimulation. The cochlear nuclei were also activated, which was not observed in healthy subjects with normal hearing. Multiple auditory and limbic structures, as well as other brain areas associated with generation and perception of tinnitus, were deactivated by tVNS, particularly the parahippocampal gyrus, which was recently speculated to cause tinnitus in hearing-impaired patients. Conclusions tVNS via the inner tragus or cymba conchae suppressed neural activity in the auditory, limbic, and other tinnitus-related non-auditory areas through auditory and vagal ascending pathways in tinnitus patients. The results from this study are discussed in the context of several existing models of tinnitus. They indicate that the mechanism of action of tVNS might be involved in multiple brain areas responsible for the generation of tinnitus, tinnitus-related emotional annoyance, and their mutual reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yakunina
- Institute of Medical Science, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Soo Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Nam
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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46
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McIntyre CK. Is there a role for vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/bem-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa K McIntyre
- Associate Professor of Cognition and Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Makovac E, Garfinkel S, Bassi A, Basile B, Macaluso E, Cercignani M, Calcagnini G, Mattei E, Mancini M, Agalliu D, Cortelli P, Caltagirone C, Critchley H, Bozzali M. Fear processing is differentially affected by lateralized stimulation of carotid baroreceptors. Cortex 2018; 99:200-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The vagus nerve modulates BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:307-316. [PMID: 29426666 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that certain gut microbiota have antidepressant-like behavioural effects and that the microbiota can regulate neurogenesis and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. The precise mechanisms underlying these effects are not yet clear. However, the vagus nerve is one of the primary bidirectional routes of communication between the gut and the brain and thus may represent a candidate mechanism. Yet, relatively little is known about the direct influence of vagus nerve activity on hippocampal function and plasticity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether constitutive vagus nerve activity contributes to the regulation of neurogenesis and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. To this end, we examined the impact of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in adult mice on these parameters. We found that vagotomy decreased BDNF mRNA in all areas of the hippocampus. Vagotomy also reduced the proliferation and survival of newly born cells and decreased the number of immature neurons, particularly those with a more complex dendritic morphology. Taken together, these findings suggest that vagal nerve activity influences neurogenesis and BDNF mRNA expression in the adult hippocampus.
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Mori Y, Asakura S, Yamamoto A, Odagiri S, Yamada D, Sekiguchi M, Wada K, Sato M, Kurabayashi A, Suzuki H, Kanamoto R, Ohinata K. Characterization of soy‐deprestatin, a novel orally active decapeptide that exerts antidepressant‐like effects
via
gut–brain communication. FASEB J 2018; 32:568-575. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700333rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiha Mori
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Saho Asakura
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akane Yamamoto
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Saori Odagiri
- Department of Degenerative Neurological DiseasesNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological DiseasesNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological DiseasesNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological DiseasesNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Department of Research and DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstitutesKisarazuJapan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Research and DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstitutesKisarazuJapan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstitutesKisarazuJapan
| | - Ryuhei Kanamoto
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and BiotechnologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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50
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Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G, Hasler G. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29593576 PMCID: PMC5859128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve represents the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. It establishes one of the connections between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and sends information about the state of the inner organs to the brain via afferent fibers. In this review article, we discuss various functions of the vagus nerve which make it an attractive target in treating psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. There is preliminary evidence that vagus nerve stimulation is a promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments that target the vagus nerve increase the vagal tone and inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism of resiliency. The stimulation of vagal afferent fibers in the gut influences monoaminergic brain systems in the brain stem that play crucial roles in major psychiatric conditions, such as mood and anxiety disorders. In line, there is preliminary evidence for gut bacteria to have beneficial effect on mood and anxiety, partly by affecting the activity of the vagus nerve. Since, the vagal tone is correlated with capacity to regulate stress responses and can be influenced by breathing, its increase through meditation and yoga likely contribute to resilience and the mitigation of mood and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Breit
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Kupferberg
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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