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Hassan A, Hamid FS, Pariatamby A, Ossai IC, Ahmed A, Barasarathi J, Auta HS. Influence of bioaugmented fungi on tolerance, growth and phytoremediation ability of Prosopis juliflora Sw. DC in heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28671-28694. [PMID: 38561536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The research aimed to determine the influence of endophytic fungi on tolerance, growth and phytoremediation ability of Prosopis juliflora in heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. A consortium of 13 fungal isolates as well as Prosopis juliflora Sw. DC was used to decontaminate heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. Enhanced plant growth (biomass and root and shoot lengths) and production of carotenoids, chlorophyll and amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-leucine that are known to enhance growth were found in the treated P. juliflora. Better accumulations of heavy metals were observed in fungi-treated P. juliflora over the untreated one. An upregulated activity of peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was recorded in fungi-treated P. juliflora. Additionally, other metabolites, such as glutathione, 3,5,7,2',5'-pentahydroxyflavone, 5,2'-dihydroxyflavone and 5,7,2',3'-tetrahydroxyflavone, and small peptides, which include Lys Gln Ile, Ser Arg Ala, Asp Arg Gly, Arg Ser Ser, His His Arg, Arg Thr Glu, Thr Arg Asp and Ser Pro Arg, were also detected. These provide defence supports to P. juliflora against toxic metals. Inoculating the plant with the fungi improved its growth, metal accumulation as well as tolerance against heavy metal toxicity. Such a combination can be used as an effective strategy for the bioremediation of metal-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwalu Hassan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria.
| | - Fauziah Shahul Hamid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agamuthu Pariatamby
- Jeffrey Sachs Center On Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Innocent Chukwunonso Ossai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Ahmed
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Jayanthi Barasarathi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHLS), INTI International University, Pesiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sambilan, Malaysia
| | - Helen Shnada Auta
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
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Ur Rahman S, Qin A, Zain M, Mushtaq Z, Mehmood F, Riaz L, Naveed S, Ansari MJ, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Shehzad M. Pb uptake, accumulation, and translocation in plants: Plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular response: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27724. [PMID: 38500979 PMCID: PMC10945279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic contaminant that is ubiquitously present in the ecosystem and poses severe environmental issues, including hazards to soil-plant systems. This review focuses on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Pb metallic ions and their toxicological effects on plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. We highlight that the uptake of Pb metal is controlled by cation exchange capacity, pH, size of soil particles, root nature, and other physio-chemical limitations. Pb toxicity obstructs seed germination, root/shoot length, plant growth, and final crop-yield. Pb disrupts the nutrient uptake through roots, alters plasma membrane permeability, and disturbs chloroplast ultrastructure that triggers changes in respiration as well as transpiration activities, creates the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activates some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Pb also impairs photosynthesis, disrupts water balance and mineral nutrients, changes hormonal status, and alters membrane structure and permeability. This review provides consolidated information concentrating on the current studies associated with Pb-induced oxidative stress and toxic conditions in various plants, highlighting the roles of different antioxidants in plants mitigating Pb-stress. Additionally, we discussed detoxification and tolerance responses in plants by regulating different gene expressions, protein, and glutathione metabolisms to resist Pb-induced phytotoxicity. Overall, various approaches to tackle Pb toxicity have been addressed; the phytoremediation techniques and biochar amendments are economical and eco-friendly remedies for improving Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anzhen Qin
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zain Mushtaq
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, 47150, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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Wang N, Wang X, Chen L, Liu H, Wu Y, Huang M, Fang L. Biological roles of soil microbial consortium on promoting safe crop production in heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168994. [PMID: 38043809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid) (HM) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global environmental concern that affects planetary health. Numerous studies have shown that soil microbial consortia can inhibit the accumulation of HMs in crops. However, our current understanding of the effects and mechanisms of inhibition is fragmented. In this review, we summarise extant studies and knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of HM toxicity on crop growth and development at the biological, cellular and the molecular levels. In a meta-analysis, we find that microbial consortia can improve crop resistance and reduce HM uptake, which in turn promotes healthy crop growth, demonstrating that microbial consortia are more effective than single microorganisms. We then review three main mechanisms by which microbial consortia reduce the toxicity of HMs to crops and inhibit HMs accumulation in crops: 1) reducing the bioavailability of HMs in soil (e.g. biosorption, bioaccumulation and biotransformation); 2) improving crop resistance to HMs (e.g. facilitating the absorption of nutrients); and 3) synergistic effects between microorganisms. Finally, we discuss the prospects of microbial consortium applications in simultaneous crop safety production and soil remediation, indicating that they play a key role in sustainable agricultural development, and conclude by identifying research challenges and future directions for the microbial consortium to promote safe crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, CAS and MOE, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Palm Eco-Town Development Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, CAS and MOE, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Naaz G, Alam N, Kumar A. Impact of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid on physiochemical parameters and yield attribute in two varieties of Brassica juncea under lead stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118246-118262. [PMID: 37599348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic elements on earth. The harmful effects of Pb at higher concentrations were seen on plant vegetation because plants are directly exposed towards it. Indian mustard, a well-known hyperaccumulator plant is the most promising crop for the environment, engaged in a variety of scenarios for ecological cleanup. In the present study, we used ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a chelating agent that is of remarkable efficiency. The pot experiments were conducted in soil pretreated with 1000 mgkg-1 Pb with different concentrations of EDTA (2-10 mmol). All the growth parameters were reduced significantly in the plants treated with Pb and EDTA, however, a non-significant effect was observed in 5 mmol EDTA compared to Pb alone treatment. Photosynthetic pigments yield, nitrate reductase activity and NPK content were affected negatively; in contrast, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was increased in Pb and Pb+EDTA treated in both the varieties. The Pb accumulation was elevated significantly by the augmentation of 5 mmol EDTA in both varieties. Accumulation of Pb in the shoot was higher in PM 25 than in P. Vijay, whereas root Pb accumulation showed the opposite, i.e., more Pb in roots of P. Vijay than PM 25. Moreover, The Pb accumulation per plant was observed more in P. Vijay as compared to PM 25. Hence, the present study implies that the augmentation of Pb-polluted soil with EDTA works well while dealing with B. juncea assisted phytoremediation and P. Vijay to be a stronger variety than PM 25. Further, 5 mmol of EDTA was optimum for phytoremediation of the soil polluted with up to 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Naaz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Naushad Alam
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Török AI, Moldovan A, Senila L, Kovacs E, Resz MA, Senila M, Cadar O, Tanaselia C, Levei EA. Impact of Low Lithium Concentrations on the Fatty Acids and Elemental Composition of Salvinia natans. Molecules 2023; 28:5347. [PMID: 37513220 PMCID: PMC10385638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic pigments, protein, macro and microelements concentrations, and fatty acids composition of Salvinia natans, a free-floating aquatic plant, were analyzed after exposure to Hoagland nutrient solution containing 1, 3, and 5 mg/L Li. The Li content of Salvinia natans grew exponentially with the Li concentration in the Hoagland nutrient solution. The exposure to Li did not induce significant changes in Na, Mg, K, Cu, and Zn content but enhanced the Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo absorption in Salvinia natans. The most abundant fatty acids determined in oils extracted from Salvinia natans were C16:0, C18:3(n6), C18:2(n6), and C18:3(n3). The photosynthetic pigments did not change significantly after exposure to Li. In contrast, chlorophyll and protein content decreased, whilst monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids content increased after the exposure to 1 mg/L Li. The results indicated that Salvinia natans exposed to low Li concentrations may be a good source of minerals, omega 6 and omega 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Iulia Török
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Moldovan
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tanaselia
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Huang S, Wang Z, Song Q, Hong J, Jin T, Huang H, Zheng Z. Potential mechanism of humic acid attenuating toxicity of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ in Vallisneria natans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160974. [PMID: 36563757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances are widely present in aquatic environments. Due to the high affinity of humic substances for metals, the interactions have been particularly studied. To assess the effect of humic acid (HA) on submerged macrophytes and biofilms exposed to heavy metal stress, Vallisneria natans was exposed to solutions containing different concentrations of HA (0.5-2.0 mg·L-1), Pb2+ (1 mg·L-1) and Cd2+ (1 mg·L-1). Results suggested that HA positively affected the plant growth and alleviated toxicity by complexing with metals. HA increased the accumulation of metals in plant tissues and effectively induced antioxidant responses and protein synthesis. It was also noted that the exposure of HA and metals promoted the abundance and altered the structure of microbial communities in biofilms. Moreover, the positive effects of HA were considered to be related to the expression of related genes resulting from altered DNA methylation levels, which were mainly reflected in the altered type of demethylation. These results demonstrate that HA has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in Vallisneria natans by inducing effective defense mechanisms, altering biofilms and DNA methylation patterns in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Qixuan Song
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Tianyu Jin
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance &Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Ramyar H, Baradaran-Firouzabadi M, Sobhani AR, Asghari HR. Reduction of lead toxicity effects and enhancing the glutathione reservoir in green beans through spraying sulfur and serine and glutamine amino acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38157-38173. [PMID: 36576620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is one of the influential environmental factors in transport of heavy metals, including lead from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth and growing plants. Such situation can not only damage the growing plants but can also toxify the food chain, and endanger human life. In order to reduce stress damage due to lead, on green bean plant, the effect of spraying the plants by sulfur, also amino acids including serine and glutamine, was evaluated. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out using the green bean Sunray cultivar in 2020. Treatments include foliar application of lead at two levels (0.0 and 1 mmol) as lead acetate, foliar application of liquid sulfur at two levels (0.0 and 2 per thousand), and foliar application of amino acids at four levels (0.0, serine at 200 mg/L, glutamine at 200 mg/L, and co-application of serine and glutamine at the same concentrations) at pre-flowering stage. The results showed that leaf foliar uptake of most of the employed treatments resulted in reduction of leaf area index, leaf, stem and pods dry weight, stem diameter and height, pod yield, photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, and relative leaf water content. However, grain protein content, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione antioxidant activity significantly increased. Spraying of sulfur solution and serine and glutamine were effective in reducing the negative effects of lead stress, as it reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide and grain protein and increased the reservoir of glutathione. These treatments also, compared to the pure lead treatment, significantly reduced lead accumulation in the pod, as the edible organ of green beans. This study results showed that foliar application of sulfur along with amino acids serine and glutamine reduced the lead toxicity effects through improving the physiological functions, and thus can increase the final yield and consequently human access to healthier food (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ramyar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mehdi Baradaran-Firouzabadi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Sobhani
- Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Asghari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Sayyadi G, Niknezhad Y, Fallah H. Sodium nitroprusside ameliorates lead toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the antioxidant scavenging system, nitrogen metabolism, lead sequestration mechanism, and proline metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24408-24423. [PMID: 36342601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a toxic anthropogenic pollutant, lead (Pb) can be harmful to both plants and animals. Here, the effects of the application of nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0, 50, and 100 μM), on the morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses of rice plants under Pb (0, 150, and 300 μM) toxicity in hydroponic conditions were investigated. Pb stress decreased biomass, photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm value, and nitrogen (N) and increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methylglyoxal (MG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL) in rice seedlings. However, by improving the metabolism of chlorophyll and proline, SNP increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, restored the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus, and stimulated the growth of Pb-stressed rice seedlings. SNP by reducing the expression of HMA2 and increasing the expression of HMA3 and HMA4 caused the immobilization of Pb in the roots and reduced its transfer to the leaves. Adding SNP increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle and decreased H2O2, MG, MDA, and EL in the leaves of Pb-stressed rice seedlings. By upregulating the expression of genes GSH1, PCS, and ABCC1, SNP increased the accumulation of GSH and PCs in the roots and leaves and increased the plant's tolerance to Pb stress. By modulating the activity of enzymes involved in N metabolism, SNP increased the concentration of N and nitrate and decreased the concentration of ammonium in the leaves of Pb-stressed seedlings. Our study provides evidence that NO may become a promising tool for increasing the tolerance of rice plants to Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Sayyadi
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Yosoof Niknezhad
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
| | - Hormoz Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
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Silva-Castro GA, Cano C, Moreno-Morillas S, Bago A, García-Romera I. Inoculation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as a Strategy for the Recovery of Long-Term Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils in a Mine-Spill Area. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010056. [PMID: 36675877 PMCID: PMC9861793 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) offer an effective indirect mechanism to reduce heavy metal (HM) stress; however, it is still not clear which AMF species are more efficient as bioremediating agents. We selected different species of AMF: Rhizoglomus custos (Custos); Rhizoglomus sp. (Aznalcollar); and Rhizophagus irregularis (Intraradices), in order to study their inoculation in wheat grown in two soils contaminated with two levels of HMs; we tested the phytoprotection potential of the different AMF symbioses, as well as the physiological responses of the plants to HM stress. Plants inoculated with indigenous Aznalcollar fungus exhibited higher levels of accumulation, mainly in the shoots of most of the HM analyzed in heavily contaminated soil. However, the plants inoculated with the non-indigenous Custos and Intraradices showed depletion of some of the HM. In the less-contaminated soil, the Custos and Intraradices fungi exhibited the greatest bioaccumulation capacity. Interestingly, soil enzymatic activity and the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the plant increased in all AMF treatments tested in the soils with both degrees of contamination. Our results highlight the different AMF strategies with similar effectiveness, whereby Aznalcollar improves phytoremediation, while both Custos and Intraradices enhance the bioprotection of wheat in HM-contaminated environments.
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Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Sardar R, Ismail MA. Triacontanol priming as a smart strategy to attenuate lead toxicity in Brassica oleracea L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1173-1188. [PMID: 36384370 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2143478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent heavy metal pollutant in the environment is lead (Pb). Lead potentially contribute 10% of overall heavy metal contamination. Lead uptake by plants has been found to have an impact on their metabolic functions, photosynthetic activity, growth, and productivity. The current experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of triacontanol (Tria) for attenuating Pb stress in Brassica oleracea var. italic (broccoli). Three different Tria concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µmol L-1) were used to prime broccoli seeds. Growth of broccoli was reduced when exposed to Pb-driven toxicity. Additionally, Pb had a deleterious impact on the protein quantity, stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthetic rate. Nevertheless, plants grown from seeds primed with Tria2 (20 µmol L-1 Tria) exhibited improved morphological characteristics, uptake of mineral content (Mn+2, Zn+2, K+1, Na+1) along with biomass production. There was 1.6-fold increase in photosynthetic rate, the phenol (1.3 folds), and DPPH activity (1.2 folds) in seed primed with Tria2. Additionally, plants treated with Tria2 demonstrated enhanced MTI and gas exchange characteristics that improves plant stress tolerance under Pb stress. Seed priming with Tria can be used to increase plant tolerance to Pb stress as evidenced by the improved growth and biochemical characteristics of broccoli seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Ismail
- Department of Information Technology, Lahore Institute of Technical Education (LITE), Lahore Cantt, Pakistan
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12
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Priya S, Ghosh R. Monitoring effects of heavy metal stress on biochemical and spectral parameters of cotton using hyperspectral reflectance. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:112. [PMID: 36380214 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring heavy metal pollution in agricultural ecosystems is crucial to ensure environmental safety. Heavy metals interfere with plants' biochemical characteristics, such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, and also influence leaves' spectral properties. Spectral changes caused by heavy metal stress can easily be measured using proximal sensing or in-field spectroscopy. This research utilizes a combined approach of biochemical and spectral characteristics to evaluate cotton crops' performance under different heavy metal (Pb & Cd) stress after artificial contamination with the metal under study. A detailed study of spectroscopy and lab-based measurements for chlorophyll and heavy metal content during the crop's growth cycle revealed some significant findings. Results indicated that the chlorophyll pigments decreased significantly with increased heavy metal levels. Pb accumulation is high in cotton as compared to Cd. The most sensitive stage for the accumulation of Pb is the initial vegetative stage of cotton. The transfer factor from soil to plant was higher for Pb, indicating the feasibility of growing cotton in Pb-contaminated soil. The spectral measurement showed no characteristic changes in standard reflectance spectra due to heavy metal stress. Wavelet decomposition of reflectance spectra amplified the changes indicating Pb stress in cotton during the initial vegetative stage. The significant correlation of greater than - 0.70 between the reconstructed detail wavelet coefficients at the third level of the decomposition in the wavelength range of 651-742 nm suggested that Pb stress caused spectral changes in near-infrared and visible ranges in cotton plants. The effects of Cd stress on the cotton plant were negligible due to less absorption. Thus, detailed wavelet coefficients at the third level of decomposition in the range of 651-742 nm are a potential indicator of Pb stress. The results of this study can provide a basis for quantifying heavy metal stress in a particular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Priya
- Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Near Reliance Circle, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
| | - Ranendu Ghosh
- Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Near Reliance Circle, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
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13
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Tang F, Yue J, Tian J, Ge F, Li F, Liu Y, Deng S, Zhang D. Microbial induced phosphate precipitation accelerate lead mineralization to alleviate nucleotide metabolism inhibition and alter Penicillium oxalicum's adaptive cellular machinery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129675. [PMID: 35907285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-induced phosphate (P) precipitation (MIPP) based on P-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) is regarded as a promising approach to bioimmobilize environmental lead (Pb). Nevertheless, the underlying changes of Pb2+ biotoxicity in PSM during MIPP process were rarely discussed. The current study explored the Pb2+ immobilization and metabolic changes in PSM Penicillium oxalicum postexposure to Pb2+ and/or tricalcium phosphate (TCP). TCP addition significantly increased soluble P concentrations, accelerated extracellular Pb mineralization, and improved antioxidative enzyme activities in P. oxalicum during MIPP process. Secondary Pb2+ biomineralization products were measured as hydroxypyromorphite [Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2]. Using untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomics, we found that Pb2+ exposure stimulated the membrane integrity deterioration and nucleotide metabolism obstruction of P. oxalicum. Correspondingly, P. oxalicum could produce higher levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to enhance the adaptive cellular machineries under Pb2+ stress. While the MIPP process improved extracellular Pb2+ mineralization, consequently alleviating the nucleotide metabolism inhibition and membrane deterioration. Multi-omics results suggested that GABA degradation pathway was stimulated for arginine biosynthesis and TCA cycle after Pb2+ mineralization. These results provided new biomolecular information underlying the Pb2+ exposure biotoxicities to microorganisms in MIPP before the application of this approach in environmental Pb2+ remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jiaru Yue
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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14
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Khan A, Khan AA, Irfan M, Sayeed Akhtar M, Hasan SA. Lead-induced modification of growth and yield of Linum usitatissimum L. and its soil remediation potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1067-1076. [PMID: 36178175 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2128040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the pre-reproductive and reproductive responses of Linum usitatissimum L. (flax, linseed plant) to different levels of Pb in the soil. Flax seeds were sown in garden soil-filled earthen pots and treated with three different levels of lead as lead chloride (150, 450, and 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil) except control, and each treatment was replicated three times. Growth and reproductive parameters and photosynthetic pigments were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) for all treatments. Quantitatively, Chlorophyll b content decreased more than chlorophyll a and the amount of proline content in the leaves increased in lockstep with the increase of Pb levels in the soil. Pb was found in substantial amounts in the roots, shoots, and seeds. The pattern of Pb accumulation in different organs was root > shoot > seeds. Pb levels in seeds obtained from 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil-treated plants exceeded the permissible limits. Biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF) values showed that roots of L. usitatissimum absorbed and accumulated a substantial quantity of Pb but translocated only a fraction of that to the shoots. Therefore, L. usitatissimum L. can be used in phytostabilization rather than phytoextraction of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Environmental Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Athar Ali Khan
- Environmental Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Irfan
- Department of Botany, Sanskriti University, Mathura, India
| | | | - Syed Aiman Hasan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Jin J, Song Z, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Wang R. Physiological and metabolomics responses of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and Hydrangea strigosa Rehd. to lead exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113960. [PMID: 35985200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrangea is a potential remediation plant for lead (Pb) pollution. Plant roots communicate with soil through the release of root exudates. It is crucial to study rhizoremediation mechanisms to understand the response of root exudates to contamination stress. Here, we investigated the physiological responses and metabolomic profiling of two Hydrangea species, a horticultural cultivar (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.) and a wild type (Hydrangea strigosa Rehd.), under Pb-free and Pb-stressed conditions for 50 days. The results showed that Pb treatment adversely affected the biomass and root growth of the two species. H. strigosa was a Pb-tolerant species with higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and more ascorbic acid (AsA) content in roots. Metabolomic profiling showed that 181 and 169 compounds were identified in H. macrophylla and H. strigosa root exudates, respectively, among which 18 showed significant differences between H. macrophylla and H. strigosa under Pb exposure. H. strigosa showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher secretion of sucrose, glycolic acid, and nonanoic acid than H. macrophylla after Pb treatment. Pb stress promoted fatty acid metabolism in H. strigosa, suppressed amino acid metabolism in H. macrophylla, and promoted a higher carbohydrate metabolism in H. strigosa compared with H. macrophylla. This study provides a possible mechanism for the high Pb absorption potential of Hydrangea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- The College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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16
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Wang K, He J, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Qi F, Fan F, Wang Y. Effects of melatonin on growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat ( Avena nuda L) seedlings under lead stress. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress. In recent years, lead (Pb) pollution has seriously affected the living environment of plants. In this study, we applied two different concentrations of MT to naked oat seedlings under Pb stress to explore the effect of MT on naked oat seedlings under Pb pollution. The results showed that Pb stress seriously inhibited the growth and development of naked oat seedlings, which was alleviated by MT. MT could increase the soluble protein content and decrease the proline content of naked oat seedlings to maintain the osmotic balance of naked oat seedlings. The application of MT could accelerate the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), so as to maintain the redox balance in naked oat seedlings. Exogenous melatonin could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of naked oat seedlings under Pb treatment, so as to improve the photosynthesis efficiency of naked oat seedlings. MT could also remarkably up regulate the expression of the genes of LOX, POX and Asmap1, and affect the expression of transcription factors NAC and WRKY1. It might regulate the expression of downstream genes through MAPKs pathways and TFs to improve the Pb tolerance of naked oat seedlings. These results proved that MT could significantly promote the growth and development of naked oats seedlings under Pb stress, which is expected to be applied in agricultural production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Jinjin He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Ningbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Fangbing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Fenggui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
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17
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Alamer KH, Galal TM. Safety assessment and sustainability of consuming eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in wastewater-contaminated agricultural soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9768. [PMID: 35697742 PMCID: PMC9192686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils are being consumed by the public, and consequently cause serious health concerns due to contaminants' dietary intake. The current study examines the safety and sustainability of eating eggplant (Solanum melongena) by looking into the possibility of heavy metals translocation from polluted soils to the edible sections, as well as the health hazards that come with it. Soil and eggplant samples were taken from three contaminated and other three uncontaminated farms to estimate their chemical constituents and plant growth properties. Based on the pollution load index data, the contaminated soils were highly polluted with Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn; and relatively polluted with Cr, Mn, Cd, Mn, Co, and V. Under contamination stress, the fresh biomass, dry biomass, and production of eggplant were significantly reduced by 41.2, 44.6, and 52.1%, respectively. Likewise, chlorophyll a and b were significantly reduced from 1.51 to 0.69 mg g−1 and 1.36 to 0.64 mg g−1, respectively. The uncontaminated plant shoots had the highest quantities of N, P, and proteins (1.98, 2.08, and 12.40%, respectively), while the roots of the same plants had the highest K content (44.70 mg kg−1). Because eggplant maintained most tested heavy elements (excluding Zn and Pb) in the root, it is a good candidate for these metals' phytostabilization. However, it had the potential to translocate Mn and Zn to its shoot and Pb, Cr, Mn, and Zn to the edible fruits indicating its possibility to be a phytoextractor and accumulator of these metals. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Co quantity in the edible sections of eggplant grown in contaminated soils exceeded the permissible level for normal plants, posing health hazards to adults and children. For safety issues and food sustainability, our investigation strongly recommends avoiding, possibly, the cultivation of eggplant in contaminated agricultural lands due to their toxic effects even in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H Alamer
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek M Galal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11790, Egypt.,Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Dotaniya ML, Pipalde JS, Jain RC, Selladurai R, Gupta SC, Das Vyas M, Vassanda Coumar M, Sahoo S, Saha JK, Kumar A. Nickel-mediated lead dynamics and their interactive effect on lead partitioning and phytoremediation indices in spinach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:334. [PMID: 35389101 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse research was conducted to monitor lead (Pb) translocation dynamics in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) mediated by nickel (Ni) application. Each of the four levels of Pb (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg/kg) and Ni (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg/kg) was applied in different combinations in the pot experiment. A fully matured spinach crop was harvested and divided into biomass samples from the roots and above ground. ICP-OES was used to determine the concentrations of Pb and Ni in the samples. The increase in Pb application rate in soil resulted in a decrease in dry matter yield of plant roots and above-ground biomass, according to the findings. Pb accumulation was also found in significant amounts in roots and above-ground biomass. Pb was accumulated in greater quantities in the spinach roots than in the above-ground biomass. Pb uptake in spinach roots and above-ground biomass decreased when high dose of Ni was applied. The Ni application in spinach crop had a negative impact on various parameters of Pb uptake, including translocation factor, bioconcentration factor, translocation efficiency, and crop removal of Pb. Pb toxicity was reduced when higher doses of Ni (100 to 300 mg/kg) were applied to Pb-contaminated soil. The findings of this study could help researchers better understand how Pb and Ni interact, as well as how to treat soil that has been contaminated by industrial wastewater containing nickel and lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Lal Dotaniya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India.
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Sewar, Bharatpur, 321 303, India.
| | - Jaypal Singh Pipalde
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore, 466 001, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Jain
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore, 466 001, India
| | - Rajendiran Selladurai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
- Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 560 089, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore, 466 001, India
| | - Madhav Das Vyas
- Department of Agronomy, RAK College of Agriculture, 466 001, Sehore, India
| | - M Vassanda Coumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
| | - Sonalika Sahoo
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
- Division of Soil Resource Studies, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, 440 033, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Saha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India
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19
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Aboelkassem A, Alzamel NM, Alzain MN, Loutfy N. Effect of Pb-Contaminated Water on Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H. Raven Physiology and Phytoremediation Performance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050636. [PMID: 35270106 PMCID: PMC8912741 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory experiment was led to examine the lead bioaccumulation capacity of Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) exposed to various Pb concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The lead accumulation increased as the metal concentrations in the solution increased and over time, to an extreme accretion of 6840 mg/kg DW(dry weight) at 100 mg/L of lead on the 10 days exposure. The proportion removal efficiency, translocation factor, and bioconcentration factor of the plant were assessed. The maximum bioconcentration factor values (1981.13) indicate that the plant was a Pb hyperaccumulator, and translocation factor values (1.85), which are >1, indicate fit of L. stolonifera for eliminating Pb in Pb-contaminated water. Photosynthetic pigments were decreased with increase of Pb concentration and time exposure. Total chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio lowered to between 46 and 62% at 100 mg/L Pb after 10 days exposure. Protein content and soluble carbohydrate indicated a similar trend, which showed the highest decrease (7.26 and 36.2 mg/g FW(fresh weight), respectively) at 100 mg/L of Pb after 10 days. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate, and peroxidase was increased significantly in comparison to the control. The results indicate that L. stolonifera is a newly recognized Pb hyperaccumulator (6840 mg/kg DW), but physiological status indicates that the plant is not tolerant to high Pb concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Aboelkassem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag Univerisity, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (N.L.)
| | - Nurah M. Alzamel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mashail Nasser Alzain
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naglaa Loutfy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (N.L.)
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20
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Ghosh S, Bakshi M, Mahanty S, Chaudhuri P. Understanding potentially toxic metal (PTM) induced biotic response in two riparian mangrove species Sonneratia caseolaris and Avicennia officinalis along river Hooghly, India: Implications for sustainable sediment quality management. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 172:105486. [PMID: 34638001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated human-induced activities have prompted significant uncontrolled release of potentially toxic metals (PTM) to the undisturbed ecosystem throughout the globe. Riparian mangrove vegetations act as a natural purifier of wastewaters and assist in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. We have investigated the elevated PTM-induced stress and biotic response of two riparian mangrove species e.g. Sonneratia caseolaris and Avicennia officinalis by river Hooghly. The increased PTM concentrations were observed throughout the river bank; with the maximum pollution load at Chemaguri (S9). Except Co, Cr and Pb, higher enrichment factor (1.97-8.89) and contamination factor (0.64-2.88) values were observed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn. Mn, and Ni. Geo-accumulation index (-2.2 - 0.92) values indicates natural geogenic accumulation of Cu in the riparian mangrove sediment. Thus, sediment quality indices suggest except Cu, enrichment of all studied PTMs was sourced from anthropogenic activities. The sediment of the region when compared with consensus-based sediment quality guidelines shows considerable ecotoxicological risks and threat towards human health considering Ni accumulation. The highest potential ecological risk index value was observed in Chemaguri (S9). The biotic response of riparian mangroves was characterized by reduced photosyhthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b) and increased activity of antioxidative stress enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD). Significant statistical relationship between antioxidative enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigments and bioaccumulated PTMs reflects active functioning of detoxification mechanism in the riparian mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdeep Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Studies, Maharaja Srischandra College, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhurima Bakshi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Studies, Seth Soorajmull Jalan Girls' College, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Mahanty
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Punarbasu Chaudhuri
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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21
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Salavati J, Fallah H, Niknejad Y, Barari Tari D. Methyl jasmonate ameliorates lead toxicity in Oryza sativa by modulating chlorophyll metabolism, antioxidative capacity and metal translocation. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1089-1104. [PMID: 34092952 PMCID: PMC8140021 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. Nevertheless, the interaction between rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants and the molecular cell dynamics induced by lead-methyl jasmonate (MJ) remains unknown. Here, plants were hydroponically exposed to Pb (150 and 300 µM) alone or in combination with 0.5 and 1 µM MJ. The application of MJ modulated the expression of the HMAs, PCS1, PCS2 and ABCC1 genes, thereby immobilizing the Pb in the roots and lessening its translocation to the aerial parts of the rice plant. The supplementation of MJ improved the growth and yield of Pb-stressed rice by adjusting the proline and chlorophyll metabolism, increasing the phytochelatins (PCs) accumulation and diminishing the accumulation of Pb in the shoots. the application of MJ alleviated the oxidative stress of rice plants exposed to Pb toxicity by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes of the glyoxalase system (glyoxalase I and II) and decreasing the endogenous levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methylglyoxal (MG). Therefore, the results of the present study could provide a molecular insight and cellular interplay scheme for the development of a promising strategy in Pb-contaminated areas to produce healthy food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Salavati
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Hormoz Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Yosoof Niknejad
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Davood Barari Tari
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
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Das S, Das A, Mazumder PET, Paul R, Das S. Lead phytoremediation potentials of four aquatic macrophytes under hydroponic cultivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:1279-1288. [PMID: 33678068 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1895714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major toxicological concern of the present day that demands immediate attention. The use of aquatic macrophytes with high Pb tolerance and accumulation may be a very convenient and economically viable solution for remediating Pb. We examined the ability of Salvinia cucullata, Alternanthera sessilis, Lemna minor, and Pistia stratiotes to remove 0.12 mM, 0.24 mM, 0.36 mM, and 0.48 mM Pb for 96-h under hydroponic cultivation system. The plants accumulated variable amounts of Pb: S. cucullata > A. sessilis > P. stratiotes > L. minor, with low mobility of Pb from root to shoot. Lead uptake kinetics were monitored up to 96-h. After 96-h, the uptake efficiency for S. cucullata (98-99%), A. sessilis (79-96%), L. minor (45-79%), and P. stratiotes (40-76%) was noted. For S. cucullata and A. sessilis, an extremely high uptake rate was seen within the initial 24-h of trials, followed by slower uptake till 96-h. P. stratiotes and L. minor worked best at 0.12 mM Pb. Pb-Phytotoxicity became prominent at 0.48 mM exposure with biomass loss and morphological changes. The plants had a quick growth rate, extensive root system, high biomass yield, and the ability to tolerate and accumulate Pb that made them suitable for phytoremediation purposes. NOVELTY STATEMENT: Lead phytoremediation potential of four aquatic macrophytes found in Indian waters was evaluated. These macrophytes, often considered as weeds, could be used for phytoremediation purposes that would turn out to be a sustainable means of the utilization of natural resources in developing countries like India. In this study, not only metal accumulation by plants but also the lead uptake kinetics at several time intervals and valuable growth attributes were estimated to establish the suitability of these plants as probable lead phytoremediators. Two of the plant species, Salvinia cucullata, and Alternanthera sessilis, showed excellent Pb accumulation capacities that had not been reported earlier, to the best of our knowledge. The work is all the more significant as there have been needs for identifying Pb-phytoremediators well suited to native climate and growth conditions that could take up large amounts of metal from the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Parsha E Tanvir Mazumder
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rajashree Paul
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Swagata Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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23
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Rehman AU, Nazir S, Irshad R, Tahir K, ur Rehman K, Islam RU, Wahab Z. Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Kim SH, Jeong S, Chung H, Nam K. Contribution of precipitation and adsorption on stabilization of Pb in mine waste by basic oxygen furnace slag and the stability of Pb under reductive condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128337. [PMID: 33297263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag was used to stabilize lead (Pb) in a mine waste. Stabilization efficiencies differed depending on the slag contents (i.e., 3, 5, and 10 wt.%) and the water contents (i.e., 0.05-5.0 L/kg), varying from 52.2 to 98.0%, and both the slag contents and the water contents positively affected the stabilization efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested an evidence that precipitation and adsorption mechanisms were involved. When the contribution of each mechanism was determined, the increase in the BOF slag content mainly increased adsorption mechanism probably because of the increase in the adsorption sties. The increase in the water content, on the other hand, facilitated precipitation mechanism by lowering the ionic strength. Stabilized Pb could be mobilized at redox potential of 20-85 mV due to the reductive dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides. Sequential extraction results demonstrated that the adsorbed Pb became mobilized, and the fraction of exchangeable Pb increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seulki Jeong
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 6-7 Inchon-ro 22-gil Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02855, South Korea
| | - Hyeonyong Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyoungphile Nam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1 Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Muro-González DA, Mussali-Galante P, Valencia-Cuevas L, Flores-Trujillo K, Tovar-Sánchez E. Morphological, physiological, and genotoxic effects of heavy metal bioaccumulation in Prosopis laevigata reveal its potential for phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40187-40204. [PMID: 32661966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining industry generates large volumes of waste known as mine tailings, which contain heavy metals (HMs) that generate a risk to environmental health. Thus, remediation of HM pollution requires attention. In this study, HM bioaccumulation, genotoxic damage, and morphological and physiological changes in the tree species Prosopis laevigata were evaluated in order to assess its potential for remediation of mine tailings. P. laevigata plants were established in two treatments (reference substrate and tailing substrate) under greenhouse conditions. Every 2 months, six individuals were selected per treatment for 1 year. From each individual, macromorphological (height, stem diameter, and number of leaves), micromorphological (stomatal coverage and stomatal index), and physiological parameters (chlorophyll content) were evaluated, as well as the concentration of Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn in root and foliar tissue. Genetic damage was assessed by the comet assay in foliar tissue. These parameters were evaluated in adult individuals established in mine tailings. Roots bioaccumulated significantly more HM compared to foliar tissue. However, the bioaccumulation pattern in both tissues was Fe > Pb > Zn > Cu. The plants in tailing substrate reduced significantly the morphological and physiological characters throughout the experiment. Only the bioaccumulation of Pb affected significantly the levels of genetic damage and the number of leaves, while Zn reduced plant height. The percentage of plants that have translocation factor values greater than 1 are Cu (92.9) > Fe (85.7) > Pb (75.0) > Zn (64.3). P. laevigata has potential to phytoremediate environments contaminated with metals, due to its dominance and establishment in abandoned mine tailings, and its ability to bioaccumulate HM unaffecting plant development, as well as their high levels of HM translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Muro-González
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leticia Valencia-Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karen Flores-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Chaturvedi R, Favas PJC, Pratas J, Varun M, Paul MS. Harnessing Pisum sativum-Glomus mosseae symbiosis for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with lead, cadmium, and arsenic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:279-290. [PMID: 33040612 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1812507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of Glomus mosseae on heavy metal(loid) (HM) uptake efficiency of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants along with physiological and biochemical parameters. Plants were grown in soil spiked with HMs (Pb and As: 50 and 100 mg kg-1; Cd: 25 and 50 mg kg-1) and a multi-metal(loid) (Mm: Pb + Cd + As) combination, inoculated/non-inoculated with G. mosseae. A dose-dependent increase in HM accumulation was observed in plants upon harvest at 60 days. Plant growth, concentration of photosynthetic pigments, total nitrogen, and carbohydrates reduced, whereas enzymatic [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] and non-enzymatic (proline and total phenolics) antioxidants increased upon HM stress. Inoculation with G. mosseae led to an increase in plant growth, concentration of photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, nitrogen, and defence antioxidants (whereas proline decreased) which was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). This symbiosis can be applied for onsite remediation of Pb and Cd contaminated soil by virtue of accumulation efficiency and adaptive response of pea plants inoculated with G. mosseae. Since the amount of HMs in edible parts exceeded the maximum permissible limits recommended by FAO/WHO, pea must not be cultivated in HM-contaminated soil for agricultural purpose due to associated toxicity. Novelty statement To our knowledge, phytoremediation potential of Pea in synchronization with Glomus mosseae has not been evaluated previously. This study highlights: • Pea-AMF symbiosis can be applied for Pb and/or Cd phytoremediation. • Target Hazard Quotient >1 for Pb, Cd and As; caution to food chain exposure required. • Nonenzymatic (proline, TPC) and enzymatic (CAT, SOD, APX) antioxidants play a key role in ROS detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo J C Favas
- School of Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pratas
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Petróleo e Geologia (Institute of Petroleum and Geology), Rua Delta 1, Aimutin Comoro, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Mayank Varun
- Department of Botany, Hislop College, Nagpur, India
| | - Manoj S Paul
- Department of Botany, St. John's College, Agra, India
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Lwalaba JLW, Zvobgo G, Mwamba TM, Louis LT, Fu L, Kirika BA, Tshibangu AK, Adil MF, Sehar S, Mukobo RP, Zhang G. High accumulation of phenolics and amino acids confers tolerance to the combined stress of cobalt and copper in barley (Hordeum vulagare). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:927-937. [PMID: 32932124 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) co-exist in the metal contaminated soils and cause the serious toxicity to crops, while their interactive effect on plant growth and development is still poorly understood. In this work, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to reveal the interactive effect of Co and Cu on photosynthesis and metabolite profiles of two barley genotypes differing in metal tolerance. The results showed that both single and combined treatments of Co and Cu caused a significant reduction in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of the two barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes, with the effect being greater for the combined treatment and the sensitive genotype (Ea52) being more affected than the tolerant genotype (Yan66). Compared to Cu or Co treatment alone, the combined treatment significantly increased the levels of phenolic components, including cinnamic derivatives (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferullic, p-coumaric); benzoic derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, sallicilic, protocatechuic acid) as well as free amino acids, with Yan66 having more accumulation than Ea52. Meanwhile, under the combined treatment, the phenylalanine ammonialyase-related gene (HvPAL) was highly regulated along with the genes involved in the synthesis of malate (HvMDH) and citrate (HvCSY), with Ya66 showing the higher expression of these genes than Ea52. It can be concluded that higher Cu and Co stress tolerance in Yan66 is attributed to more accumulation of the metabolites including phenolics and amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Crops sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Gerald Zvobgo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Theodore Mulembo Mwamba
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Crops sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Laurence Tennyson Louis
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Liangbo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bibich Ansey Kirika
- Department of Crops sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Audry Kazadi Tshibangu
- Department of Crops sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Robert Prince Mukobo
- Department of Crops sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, DR, Congo
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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28
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Li G, Li Q, Wang L, Zhang D. Cadmium tolerance and detoxification in Myriophyllum aquaticum: physiological responses, chemical forms, and subcellular distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37733-37744. [PMID: 32607997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes have been found to be promising in removing cadmium (Cd) from aquatic ecosystems; however, the mechanism of Cd detoxification in these plants is still poorly understood. In the present study, Cd chemical forms and subcellular distributing behaviors in Myriophyllum aquaticum and the physiological mechanism underlying M. aquaticum in response to Cd stress were explored. During the study, M. aquaticum was grown in a hydroponic system and was treated under different concentrations of Cd (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.25, and 1.25 mg/L) for 14 days. The differential centrifugation suggested that most Cd was split in the soluble fraction (57.40-66.25%) and bound to the cell wall (24.92-38.57%). Furthermore, Cd in M. aquaticum was primarily present in NaCl-extractable Cd (51.76-91.15% in leaves and 58.71-84.76% in stems), followed by acetic acid-extractable Cd (5.17-22.42% in leaves and 9.54-16.56% in stems) and HCl-extractable Cd (0.80-12.23% in leaves and 3.56-18.87% in stems). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in M. aquaticum were noticeably increased under each Cd concentration. The activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves were initially increased under relatively low concentrations of Cd but were decreased further with the increasing concentrations of Cd. The ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in stems increased with increasing Cd concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate that M. aquaticum can be used successfully for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated water, and the detoxification mechanisms in M. aquaticum include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, subcellular partitioning, and the formation of different chemical forms of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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29
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Physiological and biochemical changes in sorghum under combined heavy metal stress: An adaptive defence against oxidative stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Fan P, Yin J, Zhong G, Wu Z. Ascorbic acid alleviation of manganese-induced toxicity in Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:32695-32706. [PMID: 32514924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the growth and physiological responses of the submerged aquatic plant species Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to 80 mg L-1 manganese (Mn) with different doses of ascorbic acid (AsA 0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 mg L-1) after 21 days of treatment. Mn stress significantly reduced the final leaf number and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of V. natans, while increased the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proline contents, and peroxidase (POD) activity, with no significant differences in plant relative growth rate (RGR) and photosynthetic pigment contents. With increasing doses of AsA supplementation (≤ 50 mg L-1), the MDA content gradually decreased, while the proline, soluble protein, and photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidase (except POD) activities, and RGR of V. natans increased. AsA levels ≥ 100 mg L-1 exacerbated Mn toxicity in V. natans by significantly reducing the antioxidase activities and photosynthetic pigment contents and even triggering plant lethal effects. These results suggest that the Mn stress induced in this investigation could bring about oxidative stress and influence the growth of V. natans. Moreover, the optimal AsA dose that can alleviate Mn-induced oxidative stress was 41.37-50.25 mg L-1 according to the regression analysis based on plant growth and enzymatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Water Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Mechora Š, Rižnik T, Urbanek Krajnc A, Ambrožič-Dolinšek J. Response of Berula erecta to Lead in Combination with Selenium. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:51-61. [PMID: 32561951 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue culture of Berula erecta is suitable cultivation system for research purposes connected with contamination and phytoremediation studies. In previous investigation we determined the optimal dose concentration at which Se stimulates plant growth and positively affects the antioxidative status in this experimental system. In current study, we investigate its response to exposure to lead (Pb) and further the possible protective effect of Se(IV) against Pb exposure. Plants were grown in 10 and 50 mg Pb L-1 solution without and with added Se (0.1 mg L-1) for six weeks. Plants possessed a high affinity to uptake Pb and Se in roots. Addition of Pb inhibited roots elongations and the plant height. In contrast, the combined effect of Se + Pb treatment was reflected in increased weight of plants when compared to Pb treatment alone. Pb decreased the amount of chlorophylls and consequently photochemical efficiency was lowered, whereas in Pb + Se treatment the photochemical efficiency was higher. Furthermore, Pb treatment caused a gradual increase in glutathione in both roots and shoots, however, to a greater percentage in shoots when compared to controls. Exposure to both Pb and Se did not cause any significant changes in root's glutathione level when compared to Pb treatment alone. In shoots, the combined treatment lowered the glutathione significantly, but the levels remained 50% above those of untreated control samples, reflecting that this might be related with the antioxidative effects of Se treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Mechora
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
- Agency for Radwaste Management, Litostrojska cesta 58a, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tadeja Rižnik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Urbanek Krajnc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
| | - Jana Ambrožič-Dolinšek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311, Hoče, Slovenia
- Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
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Alamer KH, Fayez KA. Impact of salicylic acid on the growth and physiological activities of parsley plants under lead toxicity. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1361-1373. [PMID: 32647454 PMCID: PMC7326881 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Impact of spraying 50 µM salicylic acid (SA), lead nitrate soil treatments [1 and 2 mM Pb (NO3)2] and their combinations on parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) for 3 weeks was studied to evaluate leaf symptoms, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin, ultrastructure, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble proteins, phenolic compounds, and guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPOX). Under Pb effect, parsley leaves showed chlorosis and decline in the content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoid (Car) with increasing Pb treatments compared to the control. SA spraying helped to reduce chlorosis and increase photosynthetic pigments of Pb-treated plants compared to that of Pb treatment alone. Leaf anthocyanin content of SA-sprayed plants significantly increased compared to the control. On contrast, the anthocyanin content of Pb-treated plants with or without SA treatment decreased compared to the control. Parsley leaf chloroplasts were characterized by many and large starch grains. Deformations of chloroplast shape, increasing formation of plastoglobules and degeneration of chloroplast grana thylakoids were observed in Pb-treated plants. MDA and total phenolic compound contents increased in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. In contrast, soluble protein content decreased in Pb-treated plants. The decrease in leaf photosynthetic pigments and increase MDA contents was Pb-concentration dependent. The results as indicated by increasing lipid peroxidation confirmed Pb treatments generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) which caused oxidative stress. In contrast, SA application declined the extent of detrimental and harmful influence of Pb toxicity as indicated by the decrease MDA content, and increase in photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents of parsley leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hasan Alamer
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Science and Arts College–Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf Ali Fayez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University Sohag, Sohag, Egypt
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Bassegio C, Santos RF, Bassegio D, de Souza SNM. Genotypic variation in growth and lead accumulation among Brassica juncea accessions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1249-1258. [PMID: 32393051 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1759506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selecting (inter-varietal) Brassica juncea for tolerance to metal-contamination has been proposed as a strategy to develop superior genotypes for phytoextraction of lead (Pb) through selection and breeding techniques. To understand the differences among accessions of a single species to Pb accumulation, a pot experiment was conducted with three B. juncea accessions under levels of Pb added to the soil (0, 90, 180, and 540 mg kg-1). The duration of the growth period was 100 d. Pb concentration levels did not affect the flowering of B. juncea accessions. Plant height, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter were reduced linearly when soil Pb concentration increased to 540 mg kg-1. A significant interaction between Pb concentration levels and accessions was observed for Pb concentration in shoots and roots, indicating genotypic variation in Pb absorption. The concentration of Pb in shoots in accession PI 180266 was 51% higher compared to accessions PI 649105 and PI 432379 when soil Pb concentration increased to 540 mg kg-1. It can be concluded that the B. juncea accessions differed significantly in Pb uptake, and the selection of tolerant cultivars might be helpful for Pb phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Ferreira Santos
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Doglas Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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Can Ceylon Leadwort ( Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?-Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051866. [PMID: 32182862 PMCID: PMC7084747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.
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Zhang H, Zhang LL, Li J, Chen M, An RD. Comparative study on the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel and their toxic effects on the growth and enzyme defence strategies of a heavy metal accumulator, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9853-9865. [PMID: 31927739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current hydroponic experiment investigated differences in the uptake, physiological response and defence mechanisms of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in response to three representative toxic heavy metals. The results revealed the following: as an excellent heavy metal accumulator, H. verticillata showed an accumulation pattern of Ni > Cd > Pb within experimental scope. Fourteen days (Ni and Cd) and 21 days (Pb) were the time thresholds under the same heavy metal concentration toxicity, while 33.06 μM (Ni) and 40 μM (Cd and Pb) were the concentration thresholds under the same 21-day duration treatment, to accumulate the most amount of metals. Hence, Pb might be accumulated more if it expands the experimental duration and concentration, for it continuously increases throughout the experimental period. Reasons for these uptake differences are that plant physiological response, tolerance and resistance vary under different heavy metal stress. First, the biomass and protein content of H. verticillata were both the highest under Pb stress, indicating the plant largest tolerance to Pb stress. Second, the tolerance thresholds of three antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) were the highest under Pb stress. Third, the three antioxidant enzymes and two other related resistance-causing enzymes (PPO and PAL) revealed that plant resistance was strongest at low Cd concentrations (0-20 μM) and at high Pb stress levels (40 μM). Furthermore, CAT is the most important antioxidant enzyme to combat three metal stresses (average relevance: CAT(0.89) > POD(0.48) > SOD(0.42)), while PAL is more important than PPO (average relevance: PAL (0.77) > PPO(0.72)). In conclusion, Pb-polluted water is best treated with H. verticillata because of the latter's high uptake potential and strong defence capacity. These results provide an accurate, efficient and economical reference for phytoremediation. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling-Lei Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui-Dong An
- Institute of Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Wang L, Zheng B, Yuan Y, Xu Q, Chen P. Transcriptome profiling of Fagopyrum tataricum leaves in response to lead stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32013882 PMCID: PMC6998078 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread environmental problem that is harmful to living organisms. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a member of the family Polygonaceae, exhibits short growth cycles and abundant biomass production, could be an ideal plant for phytoremediation due to its high Pb tolerance. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular basis underlying the responses of this plant to Pb stress. RESULTS In our study, ultrastructural localization assays revealed that Pb ions primarily accumulate in leaf vacuoles. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of tartary buckwheat leaves was performed on two Pb-treated samples, named Pb1 (2000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2) and Pb2 (10,000 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2), and a control (CK). A total of 88,977 assembled unigenes with 125,203,555 bases were obtained. In total, 2400 up-regulated and 3413 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CK and Pb1, and 2948 up-regulated DEGs and 3834 down-regulated DEGs were generated between CK and Pb2, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that these DEGs were primarily associated with 'cell wall', 'binding', 'transport', and 'lipid and energy' metabolism. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of 15 randomly selected candidate DEGs and 6 regulated genes were consistent with the results of the transcriptome analysis. Heterologous expression assays in the yeast strain Δycf1 indicated that overexpressing CCCH-type zinc finger protein 14 (ZFP14) enhanced sensitivity to Pb2+, while 5 other genes, namely, metal transporter protein C2 (MTPC2), phytochelatin synthetase-like family protein (PCSL), vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 1a (VCE1a), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 (Nramp3), and phytochelatin synthetase (PCS), enhanced the Pb tolerance of the mutant strain. CONCLUSION Combining our findings with those of previous studies, we generated a schematic model that shows the metabolic processes of tartary buckwheat under Pb stress. This study provides important data for further genomic analyses of the biological and molecular mechanisms of Pb tolerance and accumulation in tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Bei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Quanle Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Zhong W, Xie C, Hu D, Pu S, Xiong X, Ma J, Sun L, Huang Z, Jiang M, Li X. Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on reactive oxygen species and antioxidative defense systems in tall fescue plants under lead stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109831. [PMID: 31654868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most hazardous pollutants to both the environment as well as human beings. As one of the approaches to enhance phytoremediation, brassinosteroids are predicted as a potential candidate phytohormone for assisted phytoremediation. Few studies have focused on the physiological regulations of tall fescue plants (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), a potential phytoremediation species, for its responses to applications of brassinosteroids under lead stress. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide, a brassinosteroids analogue, on reactive oxygen species accumulation and antioxidative defense systems of tall fescue when exposed to lead, and ultimately its potential to be used in phytoremediation. When exposed to lead (1000 mg/kg) for 80 d, decreases in shoot and root biomass of tall fescue biomass as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid productions were found. Foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide at three rates and five applications every 7 d improved the biomass of both shoots and roots, and increased the photosynthetic pigments. The improved lead tolerance in tall fescue plants after 24-epibrassinolide applications was associated with reduced H2O2 and O2.- accumulations and increased antioxidative enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase. Additionally, osmoprotectants increased and lipid peroxidation decreased. Ultimately, foliar applications of 24-epibrassinolide enhanced the lead recovery rate of tall fescue plants, proving its potential role in phytoremediation for soil contaminated with heavy metals such as lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woxiu Zhong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, No. 1, Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao, Chenghua, Sichuan, 610051, PR China.
| | - Siyi Pu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
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Kohli SK, Handa N, Bali S, Khanna K, Arora S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Current Scenario of Pb Toxicity in Plants: Unraveling Plethora of Physiological Responses. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 249:153-197. [PMID: 30900073 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal for all living forms including plants. It enters plants through roots from soil or soil solution. It is considered as one of the most eminent examples of anthropogenic environmental pollutant added in environment through mining and smelting of lead ores, coal burning, waste from battery industries, leaded paints, metal plating, and automobile exhaust. Uptake of Pb in plants is a nonselective process and is driven by H+/ATPases. Translocation of Pb metal ions occurs by apoplastic movement resulting in deposition of metal ions in the endodermis and is further transported by symplastic movement. Plants exposed to high concentration of Pb show toxic symptoms due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton-Haber-Weiss reaction. ROS include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, which reach to macro- and micro-cellular levels in the plant cells and cause oxidative damage. Plant growth and plethora of biochemical and physiological attributes including plant growth, water status, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidative defense system, phenolic compounds, metal chelators, osmolytes, and redox status are adversely influenced by Pb toxicity. Plants respond to toxic levels of Pb in varied ways such as restricted uptake of metal, chelation of metal ions to the root endodermis, enhancement in activity of antioxidative defense, alteration in metal transporters expression, and involvement of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Younis U, Danish S, Malik SA, Ahmed N, Munir TM, Rasheed MK. Role of cotton sticks biochar in immobilization of nickel under induced toxicity condition and growth indices of Trigonella corniculata L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1752-1761. [PMID: 31758478 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among various heavy metals, nickel (Ni) is a potential pollutant that accumulates in broad-leaf vegetables and is reported to be carcinogenic. Biochar (BC) is a nutrient-rich and effective organic amendment for immobilization of Ni in soil. Fenugreek (Trigonella corniculata L.), a broad-leaf vegetable, is commonly cultivated due to its all-inclusive composition of nutrients such as calcium and iron and β-carotene and vitamins. Therefore, a field-pot study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of cotton-sticks-waste biochar (BC) for soil immobilization of Ni in fenugreek crop cultivated between early-October to end-November 2015. Fenugreek was grown in a sandy-loam soil experimentally contaminated with various Ni levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg Ni kg-1 soil) under three BC levels (0, 3, and 5%; w/w). Overall, results showed increasing plant lipid peroxidation (assessed via malondialdehyde) and ascorbic-acid concentration with increasing Ni toxicity level without BC application (p ≤ 0.05). Application of 3% BC increased the chlorophyll a (20.0%), chlorophyll b (49.1%), total chlorophyll (27.6%), carotenoids (21.6%), anthocyanin (27.2%), photosynthetic rate (112%), transpiration rate (45.0%), and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (19.9%) in fenugreek as compared to control (0% BC) under 50 mg Ni kg-1 soil. Higher BC application rate (5%) was more effective in increasing the chlorophyll a (33.6%), chlorophyll b (81.1%), total chlorophyll (43.9%), carotenoids (71.7%), anthocyanin (77.8%), photosynthetic rate (127%), transpiration rate (42.2%), and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (23.5) over control under 100 mg Ni kg-1 soil. We suggest that the consistent increases in dry mass, carbon flux rate and, protein, amino acids, and sugar contents of fenugreek (cultivated in a soil toxified with Ni and amended with 5% BC) seems to be caused by the reduction in the mobility of Ni in the presence of BC in a sandy-loam soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Younis
- University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Depertment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, PakArab Fertilizer Limited Plant Site, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | | - Niaz Ahmed
- Depertment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Muhammad Munir
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Wan X, Steinman AD, Shu X, Cao Q, Yao L, Xie L. Combined toxic effects of microcystin-LR and phenanthrene on growth and antioxidant system of duckweed (Lemna gibba L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109668. [PMID: 31574372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons commonly co-exist in eutrophic freshwater environments. However, their combined toxicity remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined toxic effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and phenanthrene (Phe) on duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) during a short-term exposure (7 d). L. gibba was exposed to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (5, 50, 250, 500 μg/L) and Phe (0.1, 1, 5, 10 μg/L), both individually and in MC-LR + Phe mixtures (5 + 0.1, 50 + 1, 250 + 5, 500 + 10 μg/L). Subsequently, biomarkers of toxicity such as growth, chlorophyll-a, and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) were analyzed in L. gibba. Growth and the antioxidant system of L. gibba were not significantly inhibited by Phe alone, whereas higher concentrations of individual MC-LR (≥50 μg/L) significantly inhibited growth and induced oxidative stress. Based on Abott's formula, their interaction effects were concentration dependent. Antagonistic effects were observed when exposed to combinations of lower concentrations of MC-LR and Phe (≤50 + 1 μg/L), while additive or synergistic effects were induced at higher concentrations of both compounds (≥250 + 5 μg/L). Moreover, higher concentrations of Phe (≥5 μg/L) increased the accumulation of MC-LR in L. gibba. Our results suggested that the toxic effects of MC-LR and phenanthrene were exacerbated only when they co-exist in water bodies at relatively high concentrations. Consequently, co-existence of MC-LR and Phe at low levels are unlikely to exacerbate ecological hazards to L. gibba in most aquatic environments, at least based on responses of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Xiubo Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Mallhi ZI, Rizwan M, Mansha A, Ali Q, Asim S, Ali S, Hussain A, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Alam P, Ahmad P. Citric Acid Enhances Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytoextraction of Lead by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress in Castor Beans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:plants8110525. [PMID: 31752443 PMCID: PMC6918418 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity has a great impact in terms of toxicity towards living organisms as it severely affects crop growth, yield, and food security; thus, warranting appropriate measures for the remediation of Pb polluted soils. Phytoextraction of heavy metals (HMs) using tolerant plants along with organic chelators has gained global attention. Thus, this study examines the possible influence of citric acid (CA) on unveiling the potential phytoextraction of Pb by using castor beans. For this purpose, different levels of Pb (0, 300, 600 mg kg-1 of soil) and CA (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) were supplied alone and in all possible combinations. The results indicate that elevated levels of Pb (especially 600 mg kg-1 soil) induce oxidative stress, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malanodialdehyde (MDA) production in plants. The Pb stress reduces the photosynthetic traits (chlorophyll and gas exchange parameters) in the tissues of plants (leaves and roots), which ultimately lead to a reduction in growth as well as biomass. Enzyme activities such as guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase are also linearly increased in a dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. The exogenous application of CA reduced the Pb toxicity in plants by improving photosynthesis and, ultimately, plant growth. The upsurge in antioxidants against oxidative stress shows the potential of CA-treated castor beans plants to counteract stress injuries by lowering H2O2 and MDA levels. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CA treatments play a promising role in increasing the uptake of Pb and reducing its phytotoxicity. These outcomes recommend that CA application could be an effective approach for the phytoextraction of Pb from polluted soils by growing castor beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Imran Mallhi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); or (S.A.)
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sadia Asim
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); or (S.A.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (Z.I.M.); (M.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Pravej Alam
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Zulfiqar U, Farooq M, Hussain S, Maqsood M, Hussain M, Ishfaq M, Ahmad M, Anjum MZ. Lead toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109557. [PMID: 31545179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to yield formation; however, its toxicity is both time and concentration dependent. Its exposure at higher rates disturbs the plant water and nutritional relations and causes oxidative damages to plants. Reduced rate of seed germination and plant growth under stress is mainly due to Pb interference with enzymatic activities, membrane damage and stomatal closure because of induction of absicic acid and negative correlation of Pb with potassium in plants. Pb induced structural changes in photosynthetic apparatus and reduced biosynthesis of chlorophyll pigments cause retardation of carbon metabolism. In this review, the noxious effects of Pb on germination, stand establishment, growth, water relations, nutrient uptake and assimilation, ultra-structural and oxidative damages, carbon metabolism and enzymatic activities in plants are reported. The Pb dynamics in soil rhizosphere and role of remediation strategies i.e. physical, chemical and biological to decontaminate the Pb polluted soils has also been described. Among them, biological strategies, including phytoremediation, microbe-assisted remediation and remediation by organic amendments, are cost effective and environmentally sound remedies for cleaning Pb contaminated soils. Use of organic manures and some agricultural practices have the potential to harvest better crops yield of good quality form Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqsood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Agriculture Discipline, College of Science Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Anjum
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Bali S, Jamwal VL, Kohli SK, Kaur P, Tejpal R, Bhalla V, Ohri P, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM, Ahmad P. Jasmonic acid application triggers detoxification of lead (Pb) toxicity in tomato through the modifications of secondary metabolites and gene expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:734-748. [PMID: 31280042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important phytohormone associated in defense responses against stress. Crop plants experience heavy metal toxicity and needs to be explored to enhance the crop production. Lead (Pb) is one of the dangerous heavy metal that pollutes soil and water bodies and is released from various sources like discharge from batteries, automobile exhaust, and paints. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of JA (100 nM) on photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites, organic acids, and metal ligation compounds in tomato seedlings under different concentrations of Pb (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mM). It was observed that Pb treatment declined pigment content, relative water content, and heavy metal tolerance index. Expression of chlorophyllase was also enhanced in Pb-treated seedlings. Seeds primed with JA lowered the expression of chlorophyllase under Pb stress. JA application enhanced the contents of secondary metabolites (total phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin) which were confirmed with enhanced expression of chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in Pb-exposed seedlings. Treatment of JA further elevated the levels of organic acids and metal chelating compounds under Pb toxicity. JA up-regulated the expression of succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase in Pb-exposed seedlings. Results revealed that seeds primed with JA reduced Pb toxicity by elevating, the levels of photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites, osmolytes, metal ligation compounds, organic acids, and polyamine accumulation in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Tejpal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Zhang Q, Zhan J, Yu H, Li T, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhang Y. Lead accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining and non-mining ecotypes of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino in adaptation to lead-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32957-32966. [PMID: 31512134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of microbial activity in the rhizosphere soils associated with lead (Pb) uptake by plants may help with the phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils. In this work, the effects of Pb exposure (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1) on Pb accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining ecotype (ME) and corresponding non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino were investigated through a pot experiment. Although the plant growth of the two ecotypes was inhibited under Pb stress, the ME showed a less biomass decrease (12.6-44.0%) for aboveground than the NME, showing a greater tolerance to Pb stress. Pb concentrations as well as Pb accumulation in the two ecotypes showed an increasing trend with increasing soil Pb concentrations. The ME presented greater Pb accumulation ability than the NME, especially in underground parts. Pb availability in the rhizosphere soils of the two ecotypes after harvest decreased compared with those before transplantation. Available Pb in the rhizosphere of the ME was 1.4-4.8 times higher than that of the NME under exposure to 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME shows a greater ability to mobilize Pb in the rhizosphere soils. Pb exposure resulted in an inhibition of microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the two ecotypes. The ME demonstrated greater soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the rhizosphere than the NME when treated with 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME showed a less decrease for MBC and a less increase for metabolic quotient in the rhizosphere soils than the NME when exposed to Pb generally. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soils of the ME seem to be much more adapted to Pb stress, thus showing a great benefit for Pb accumulation and the phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soils by the ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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Makowski W, Tokarz B, Banasiuk R, Królicka A, Dziurka M, Wojciechowska R, Tokarz KM. Is a blue-red light a good elicitor of phenolic compounds in the family Droseraceae? A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111679. [PMID: 31710926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the family Droseraceae, especially Drosera sp. and Dionaea sp., are naturally rich in phenolic derivatives such as plumbagin, among others. Plumbagin is known both for its pharmacological significance and its protective properties against light stress. Light stress - high light intensity or/and light spectral composition - activates plants' response mechanisms including, among others, hormonal (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid) pathways and secondary metabolite (phenolic compounds, proline) pathways. Short-wavelength radiation, due to its high energy, will induce the synthesis of protective secondary metabolites, including those with pharmaceutical properties. The aim of the study was to describe and compare acclimation strategies of Drosera peltata and Dionaea muscipula to blue-red light in the context of phenolic compound accumulation, and salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and proline synthesis. For the first time, differences in the responses of D. muscipula and D. peltata to blue-red light (in the ratio 6:1) were established. In Dionaea sp., it was associated with the use of redox equivalents (in particular, plastoquinone pool) for the synthesis of primary metabolites used in the process of growth and development. In Drosera sp., a rapid adjustment of redox state led to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, constituting a reservoir of carbon skeletons and allowing for a quick defence response to stress factors. In both species, blue-red light did not induce the jasmonic acid pathway. However, the salicylic acid pathway was induced as an alternative to the phenolic compound synthesis pathway. Nevertheless, the applied blue-red light was not an effective elicitor of phenolic compounds in the plants examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Makowski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Banasiuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wojciechowska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
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Bali S, Jamwal VL, Kaur P, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Ahmad P. Role of P-type ATPase metal transporters and plant immunity induced by jasmonic acid against Lead (Pb) toxicity in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:283-294. [PMID: 30844668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays an imperative role in plants by modulating the activity of their antioxidative defense system under stress conditions. Here, we explored the role of JA-induced alterations in the growth and transcript levels of antioxidative enzymes in tomato seedlings exposed to different Pb concentrations (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mM). Pb treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in their root and shoot lengths. Treatment of 0.75 mM Pb showed an increase in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2•-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as compared to the untreated seedlings. Pb uptake was enhanced with an increase in Pb concentration. The seeds primed with JA showed reduction in Pb uptake and improvement in growth under Pb toxicity. The seedlings treated with both JA (100 nM) and Pb (0.75 mM) showed a decline in the levels of MDA, O2•-, and H2O2 as compared to the seedlings treated with 0.75 mM Pb alone. These results suggested that JA (100 nM) mitigated the oxidative damage by lowering the expression of the RBO and P-type ATPase transporter genes and by modulating antioxidative defense system activity. The biochemical and molecular analyses showed that JA plays a crucial role in plant defense responses against Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Castillo Loría K, Emiliani J, Bergara CD, Herrero MS, Salvatierra LM, Pérez LM. Effect of daily exposure to Pb-contaminated water on Salvinia biloba physiology and phytoremediation performance. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:158-166. [PMID: 30856470 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) removal from water column was evaluated in batch experiments using naturally occurring Salvinia biloba Raddi (S. biloba) specimens collected from Middle Paraná River and exposed every 24 h to a fresh discharge of water contaminated with 2.65 ± 0.07, 12.62 ± 0.02 or 30.57 ± 0.01 mg L-1 Pb, during 10 consecutive days. S. biloba demonstrated a great ability for metal concentration-dependent Pb removal under these stressful conditions. Additionally, Pb toxicity in plants was assessed by the quantification of physiological parameters in root-like modified fronds (named "roots"), and its aerial leaf-like fronds (named "leaves") of submerged S. biloba. Photosynthetic (carotenoids, chlorophyll a, b, and total) and antioxidant pigments (anthocyanins and flavonoids), soluble carbohydrate content, and membrane stability index of both roots and leaves were affected as the metal concentration increased. In general, root deterioration was more pronounced than that in leaves, suggesting a greater implication of the former organs in Pb removal by S. biloba. All of these deleterious effects were well correlated with qualitative changes observed at plant phenotype during the assay. In conclusion, S. biloba may be considered as a water fern useful in phytoremediation strategies towards management of residual water bodies contaminated with Pb. In addition, these macrophytes could also be valuable for water biomonitoring contributing to improve risk assessments related to metal presence in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Castillo Loría
- Sede del Atlántico, Universidad de Costa Rica, Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica; Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Julia Emiliani
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Daniela Bergara
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Sol Herrero
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucas Matías Salvatierra
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Depto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Martín Pérez
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.
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Effect of cadmium, chromium, and lead on micropropagation and physio-biochemical parameters of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. cultured in vitro. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kumar A, Prasad MNV. Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:401-418. [PMID: 30290327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the environment. Pb has no known biological significance and its interactions with plants lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pb and/or ROS have the potential to cause phytotoxicity by damaging the tissue ultrastructure, cellular components, and biomolecules. These damaging effects may possibly result in the inhibition of normal cellular functioning, physiological reactions, and overall plant performances. ROS play a dual role and act as a signaling molecule in plant defense system. This system encircles enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Pb removal from contaminated sites using plants depend on the plant's Pb accumulation capacity, Pb-induced phytotoxicity, and tolerance and detoxification mechanisms plants adopted to combat against this phytotoxicity. However, the consolidated information discussing Pb-plant interaction including Pb uptake and its translocation within tissues, Pb-mediated phytotoxic symptoms, antioxidative mechanisms, cellular, and protein metabolisms are rather limited. Thus, we aimed to present a consolidated information and critical discussions focusing on the recent studies related to the Pb-induced toxicity and oxidative stress situations in different plants. The important functions of different antioxidants in plants during Pb stress have been reviewed. Additionally, tolerance responses and detoxification mechanisms in the plant through the regulation of gene expression, and glutathione and protein metabolisms to compete against Pb-induced phytotoxicity are also briefly discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
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Bali S, Kaur P, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Thukral AK, Bhardwaj R, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Jasmonic acid induced changes in physio-biochemical attributes and ascorbate-glutathione pathway in Lycopersicon esculentum under lead stress at different growth stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1344-1360. [PMID: 30248858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of most toxic heavy metals that adversely affect growth and developmental in plants. It becomes necessary to explore environment safe strategies to ameliorate its toxic effects. Phytohormones play an imperative role in regulating stress protection in plants. Jasmonic acid (JA) is recognized as a potential phytohormone which mediates immune and growth responses to enhance plant survival under stressful environment. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of JA on the growth, metal uptake, gaseous exchange parameters, and on the contents of pigments, osmolytes, and metal chelating compounds in tomato plants under Pb stress during different stages of growth (in 30-, 45-, and 60-day-old plants). We observed a decrease in shoot and root lengths under Pb stress. Treatment of JA improved the shoot and root lengths in the Pb-treated plants. The Pb uptake was increased with the increasing concentrations of Pb, however, seeds pretreated with JA reduced the Pb uptake by the plants. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased by JA treatment in plants under Pb stress. Pre-soaking of seeds in JA, improved gaseous exchange parameters, such as internal CO2 concentration, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate under Pb stress. JA enhanced the enzyme activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle and reduced H2O2 concentration in Pb-treated plants. The contents of osmolyte and metal chelating compounds (total thiols, and non-protein and protein-bound thiols) were increased with the increase in Pb stress. In seeds primed with JA, the contents of osmolytes and metal chelating compounds were further increased in the Pb-treated plants. Our results suggested that treatment of JA ameliorated the toxic effects of Pb stress by reducing the Pb uptake and improving the growth, photosynthetic attributes, activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle and increasing the contents of osmolytes and metal chelating compounds in the tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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