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Wang J, Wang G, Zhang Z, Hao J. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) removal by nanofiltration with and without coexisting organics. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141426. [PMID: 38360411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of great concern owing to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. In this study, nanofiltration (NF) was used to investigate the removal of naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) using three membranes of NF270, NF90, and DK. Subsequently, we examined the effects of coexisting organics on PAHs removal. Based on the results, DK was determined to be the optimal membrane for removing PAHs by comparing the membrane flux and pollutant rejection. The membrane flux reached 34.32 L/m2·h, and the NAP and PHE rejections were 92.21% and 97.85%, respectively, at transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 5 bar using DK. Coexisting organics decreased the membrane fluxes of NF270 and DK in the following order: protein > glucose > humic acid. The NAP and PHE rejections were obviously improved using NF270 in the following order: humic acid > protein > glucose. The PHE rejection was slightly improved using DK. A low concentration of organics could reduce the NAP rejection using DK; however, the NAP rejection could be restored at high concentrations of organics, except for humic acid. Coexisting organics could cause severe membrane fouling. The order of the effect of different coexisting organics on membrane fouling was protein > humic acid > glucose. The total investment and operating costs were about 1.47 and 0.187 million dollars, respectively, for treating PAHs solution using DK when the feed flow was 300 m3/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Wang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030031, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Gaimei Wang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jinxian Hao
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
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2
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Yuan L, Wu Y, Fan Q, Li P, Liang J, Liu YH, Ma R, Li R, Shi L. Influence mechanism of organic matter and low-molecular-weight organic acids on the interaction between minerals and PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160872. [PMID: 36521591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigate the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on minerals adsorption of PAHs. Batch adsorption experiments have been carried out to study the adsorption of PAHs (Naphthalene (NaP), Phenanthrene (Phe) and Pyrene (Pyr)) by minerals (Montmorillonite (Mnt), kaolinite (Kln) and calcite (Cal)). This research found that compared with Kln and Cal, Mnt showed the maximum adsorption capability for PAHs. And the order of PAHs adsorption by Mnt was: Pyr > Phe > Nap, which corresponds to the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of different PAHs. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm were well fitted by Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, Freundlich and Linear isotherm model. Furthermore, inorganic ions (Ca2+) impacted PAHs adsorption by competitive adsorption and cation-π interactive. Cal has the maximum desorption of PAHs among three minerals, and there was desorption hysteresis phenomenon. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (Fe-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that SOM enhanced the sorption of PAHs by van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and chemical bonding. LMWOAs significantly inhibited PAHs adsorption and promote PAHs desorption from the minerals. As a result, LMWOAs increased of PAHs bioavailability, which provide a new strategy to improve PAHs cleanup efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Yuan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqin Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Hong Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - LeiPing Shi
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Comparative Studies of RSM, RSM–GA and ANFILS for Modeling and Optimization of Naphthalene Adsorption on Chitosan–CTAB–Sodium Bentonite Clay Matrix. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE & PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.33736/jaspe.4749.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to compare the predictive abilities of the optimization techniques of response surface methodology (RSM), the hybrid of RSM–genetic algorithm (RSM–GA) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference logic system (ANFILS) for design responses of % removal of naphthalene and adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite nanoparticles of chitosan–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)–sodium bentonite clay. The process variables considered were surfactant concentration, , activation time, , activation temperature, , and chitosan dosage, . The ANFILS models showed better modeling abilities of the adsorption data on the synthesized composite adsorbent than those of ANN for reason of lower % mean absolute deviation, lower % error value, higher coefficient of determination, , amongst others and lower error functions’ values than those obtained using ANN for both responses. When applied RSM, the hybrid of RSM–genetic algorithm (RSM–GA) and ANFILS 3–D surface pot optimization technique to determine the optimal conditions for both responses, ANFILS was adjudged the best. The ANFILS predicted optimal conditions were = 116.00 mg/L, = 2.06 h, = 81.2oC and = 5.20 g. Excellent agreements were achieved between the predicted responses of 99.055% removal of naphthalene and 248.6375 mg/g adsorption capacity and their corresponding experimental values of 99.020% and 248.86 mg/g with % errors of -0.0353 and 0.0894 respectively. Hence, in this study, ANFILS has been successfully used to model and optimize the conditions for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing polycyclic aromatic compounds, especially naphthalene and is hereby recommended for such and similar studies.
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Duan FA, Wang J, Ismail S, Sung S, Cui Z, Ni SQ. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3262-3268. [PMID: 33944678 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as polar organic pollutants, their potential harm to the environment has caused widespread concern. This study describes a simple method to prepare modified aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Using HP-β-CD modified AGS as the adsorbent, the removal of specific PAHs: Fluoranthene (Fla) reached 95% comparing to 80% of the unmodified AGS. The removal of Fla was related to initial concentration, temperature and ion concentration (Na+, Mg2+). The removal efficiency of Fla reached 96.27%, 94.26% and 93.69%, when initial concentration of Fla was 10, 15 and 20 μmol/L. At temperatures of 15°C, 30°C and 45°C, the removal efficiency of Fla (15 μmol/L) gradually improved from 87.20% to 94.84% and 95.73%. The presence of Na+ and Mg2+ ions led to the deterioration of PAHs removal. With the increase of Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations, the removal efficiency of modified AGS on PAHs decreased by 3.9% and 6.5%, respectively. These findings indicate the potential application of cyclodextrins as the active sites of a complex modified polymer network for PAHs wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ang Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Sherif Ismail
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shihwu Sung
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Novikau R, Lujaniene G. Adsorption behaviour of pollutants: Heavy metals, radionuclides, organic pollutants, on clays and their minerals (raw, modified and treated): A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114685. [PMID: 35151139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing anthropogenic pressure results in environmental pollution and thus adversely affects the integrity of ecosystems. Consequently, various methods of removing pollutants from effluents have been developed and used to minimise this negative impact, with adsorption on clay minerals identified as the most promising approach. This review examines the adsorption of heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants on clays/clay minerals and their composites under diverse conditions and deals with the applications of these materials in the construction of engineering barriers for waste management. Additionally, we discuss the efficiency and mechanisms of pollutant adsorption on clays subjected to various treatments and modifications while describing the beneficial effects of such modification/treatment on adsorption performance, reusability, and in vivo/in vitro toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Novikau
- Department of Environmental Research, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, Vilnius, 02300, Lithuania.
| | - Galina Lujaniene
- Department of Environmental Research, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Ave. 231, Vilnius, 02300, Lithuania.
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Abstract
Naphthalene is one of the most hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to public health. This paper comprehensively summarized the recent development of modification methods of adsorbents for naphthalene removal in the environment. Various modification methods used in the adsorbent were summarized, mainly including acid oxidation modification, salt modification, doping modification, amino modification, microwave modification, and plasma modification. These methods enhance the adsorption performance of naphthalene mainly by changing the pore size and the oxygen content on the surface of the adsorbent. The modification parameters and their effects on naphthalene removal as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described in detail. This review provides the necessary inspiration and guidance for the researchers who develop polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption materials in the environment.
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Ofman P, Skoczko I, Włodarczyk-Makuła M. Biosorption of LMW PAHs on activated sludge aerobic granules under varying BOD loading rate conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126332. [PMID: 34118540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons belong to the main priority substances for the aquatic environment. One of the emission sources of these compounds to environment is wastewater discharged from conventional wastewater treatment systems, which are not designed to cope with this type of pollution. Thus, due to the widely discussed properties of aerobic granular activated sludge in the literature - a conducted study has proven its ability to remove LMW PAHs (naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe) and anthracene (Ant)) from wastewater by biosorption process at varying loadings of organic compounds expressed as BOD (kg/kg·d) on the activated sludge mass. The maximum biosorption of Nap was 605 µg/kgd.m., Acy equals to 134 µg/kgd.m., Ace equals to 355 µg/kgd.m. Flu equals to 104 µg/kgd.m. Phe equal to 204 µg/kgd.m. and Ant equal to 173 µg/kgd.m. The study showed that the BOD loading rate is one of the factors affecting the biosorption process of LMW PAHs. However, as the amount of adsorbed LMW PAHs increased, the condition of aerobic granular activated sludge deteriorated, which was evidenced by gradual increase in the values of technological parameters of activated sludge (SVI, HRT, SRT) and a smaller increase in activated sludge dry mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ofman
- Bialystok University of Technology, 45 Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Skoczko
- Bialystok University of Technology, 45 Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
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Komolafe O, Mrozik W, Dolfing J, Acharya K, Vassalle L, Mota CR, Davenport R. Occurrence and removal of micropollutants in full-scale aerobic, anaerobic and facultative wastewater treatment plants in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112286. [PMID: 33706091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate micropollutant occurrence and removal in a low-middle income country (LMIC) by investigating the occurrence of 28 chemicals from different classes (triclosan, 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 4 estrogens and 8 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners) in three technologically diverse full-scale Brazilian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These chemicals were detected at concentrations similar to those reported in other low-middle income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) (0.1-49 μg/L) indicating their widespread use globally and the need for more studies in LMICs that are typically characterized by relatively inadequate wastewater treatment barriers. Among the three different WWTPs investigated for removal of these chemicals, the least energy intensive system, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs), was the most effective (95-99%) compared to the activated sludge (79-94%), and Up-flow sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with trickling filters system (89-95%). These results highlight the potential of WSPs for micropollutant removal-especially in warm climates. However, the effluent from all three WWTP could pose a risk to aquatic organisms when discharged into the receiving waters as the effluent concentrations of triclosan, some estrogens, PAHs and BDE 209 were above European environmental quality standards (EQS) or predicted no effect concentration (PNEC values), indicating that receiving water bodies could benefit from further treatment. In combination, these results help to further understand prevailing concentrations of micropollutants globally and fate in current wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Komolafe
- GFL Environmental Inc. Greater Toronto Area, L5T 2L2, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Wojciech Mrozik
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, NE1 8QH, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kishor Acharya
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucas Vassalle
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cesar R Mota
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Russell Davenport
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Tomczyk B, Siatecka A, Jędruchniewicz K, Sochacka A, Bogusz A, Oleszczuk P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) persistence, bioavailability and toxicity in sewage sludge- or sewage sludge-derived biochar-amended soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141123. [PMID: 32795789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soils can be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) when either sewage sludge (SSL) or biochar (BC) are used. There are no comparative studies regarding the effects of soil amendment with SSL or BC on the persistence, bioavailability and toxicity of PAHs. This research compared the persistence of PAHs (based on the extractable content, Ctot) and their bioavailability (freely dissolved, Cfree) as well as the toxicity (solid phase: Phytotoxkit F with Lepidium sativum and the Collembolan test with Folsomia candida; leachates: Phytotestkit F with L. sativum and Microtox® with Aliivibrio fischeri) of soil amended with SSL or with SSL-derived BCs. BCs were produced from three different sewage sludges at a temperature of 500 °C. SSLs or BCs were added to the soil at a rate of 1% (30 t/ha). Adding SSL to the soil increased more the PAH content in it than after BC application, which was associated with a higher content of PAHs in SSL. Losses of Σ16 Ctot and Cfree PAHs were higher than those observed for biochar only in the case of one SSL. In the other cases, PAH losses were either higher for biochar or did not differ significantly between SSL and BC. On the other hand, the analysis of the individual groups of PAHs showed significant differences between SSL and BC, both for Ctot and Cfree. Nonetheless, these differences were largely driven by the type of sewage sludge and biochar. Only in the case of root growth inhibition the toxicity higher was for the SSL-amended soils than for the BC-amended ones. In the other cases, varying results were observed which were determined by the type of sewage sludge/biochar, similarly to PAH losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tomczyk
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, ul. Krucza 5/11D, 00-548 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Siatecka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sochacka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogusz
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, ul. Krucza 5/11D, 00-548 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Cai S, Zhang S, Gao C, Cheng Z. Degradation of fluorescent dye-Solvent Green 7 (HPTS) in wastewater by advanced oxidation process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2525-2535. [PMID: 33339805 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solvent Green 7 (HPTS) is a widely used fluorescent dye. As a kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) derivative, HPTS would cause pollution when it is discharged into the environment. This study adopted advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2) to degrade the HPTS in aqueous solution and investigated the effects of various factors on the degradation. The results showed that: the initial concentration and the fluorescence characteristics of HPTS reduced the degradation efficiency. When the oxidant concentration of H2O2 was 3 mg/L, the degradation efficiency and cost of HPTS (20 mg/L) were the most appropriate; when there were various inorganic anions in the solution, the degradations were not affected, but when the solution was strong acid and there existed a lot of chloride ions, the degradation of HPTS was inhibited. The degradation pathways indicated HPTS degraded into naphthalene derivatives, benzene derivatives through oxidation and decarboxylation reactions, finally into water and carbon dioxide. Further research for substances similar to HPTS structure will make progress in understanding the degradation process of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China E-mail:
| | - Shurong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China E-mail:
| | - Canzhu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China E-mail:
| | - Zhongfa Cheng
- Shandong Taihe Water Treatment Technologies Co., Ltd, Zaozhuang 277102, China
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An Overview and Evaluation of Highly Porous Adsorbent Materials for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenols Removal from Wastewater. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds had been widely recognized as priority organic pollutants in wastewater with toxic effects on both plants and animals. Thus, the remediation of these pollutants has been an active area of research in the field of environmental science and engineering. This review highlighted the advantage of adsorption technology in the removal of PAHs and phenols in wastewater. The literature presented on the applications of various porous carbon materials such as biochar, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene as potential adsorbents for these pollutants has been critically reviewed and analyzed. Under similar conditions, the use of porous polymers such as Chitosan and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been well presented. The high adsorption capacities of advanced porous materials such as mesoporous silica and metal-organic frameworks have been considered and evaluated. The preference of these materials, higher adsorption efficiencies, mechanism of adsorptions, and possible challenges have been discussed. Recommendations have been proposed for commercialization, pilot, and industrial-scale applications of the studied adsorbents towards persistent organic pollutants (POPs) removal from wastewater.
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Zango ZU, Sambudi NS, Jumbri K, Abu Bakar NHH, Saad B. Removal of Pyrene from Aqueous Solution Using Fe-based Metal-organic Frameworks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Nas B, Argun ME, Dolu T, Ateş H, Yel E, Koyuncu S, Dinç S, Kara M. Occurrence, loadings and removal of EU-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater and sludge by advanced biological treatment, stabilization pond and constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110580. [PMID: 32383663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds which have been accepted as priority micropollutants by European Union (EU) were analyzed both in wastewater and sludge lines throughout three full scale (located in city, sub-province and village) WWTPs during 12-month sampling period. Investigated WWTPs have different treatment types including advanced biological treatment, stabilization pond (SP) and constructed wetland (CW). Removal efficiencies for total PAH compounds varied from 48% in CW to 85% in advanced biological treatment plant. The maximum concentrations of 360-2282 ng/L observed for naphthalene in raw wastewater were decreased to 103-370 ng/L by treatment processes. Minimum concentration were detected for benzo(k)fluoranthene (B[k]F) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (B[g,h,i]P) ranged between 8 and 12 ng/L and 19-33 ng/L, respectively. While minimum removal efficiencies were obtained for B[k]F and B[g,h,i]P maximum removal efficiencies were obtained for naphthalene in all WWTPs. PAHs present in minimum and maximum levels in the sludge samples were detected as 54 and 6826 ng/g for the B[g,h,I]P and naphthalene, respectively. Considering the removal mechanisms, PAHs have been determined to be removed by biodegradation or vaporization up to 84% and by settling (adsorption onto sludge) up to 2%. The greatest portion (99%) of naphthalene and anthracene were determined to be biodegraded or vaporized in biological treatment due to their low molecular weights. On the other hand, mechanism of adsorption onto sludge was determined as negligible for these two compounds. In addition, approximately 14% of PAHs were discharged to the receiving environment. Among the different WWTP types investigated, advanced biological treatment was found to be the most efficient plant for the removal of PAH compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - M E Argun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - T Dolu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - H Ateş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - E Yel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - S Koyuncu
- Konya Metropolitan Municipality, Environmental Protection and Control Department, Konya, Turkey.
| | - S Dinç
- Çumra School of Applied Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - M Kara
- Çumra Vocational High School, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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Sari MF, Esen F, Tasdemir Y. Biomonitoring and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Using Pine Tree Components from Three Different Sites in Bursa, Turkey. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:646-657. [PMID: 32112135 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pine trees are used as biomonitoring agents to evaluate atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to industrialization, urban construction, and rapid population growth, the city of Bursa is experiencing air pollution. In this study, PAHs were measured in pine tree branches and needles at a wastewater treatment plant site, an industrial site, and semirural site in Bursa for 12 months. The concentrations fluctuated depending on the characteristics of the areas. The lowest concentration value was measured in the semirural site while the highest value was determined in the wastewater treatment plant site. The PAH concentrations in pine needles ranged from 24 to 2565 ng/g dry weight (DW) and in pine branches from 163 to 2871 ng/g DW for 16 PAHs. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and fluoranthene were determined as dominant species in both tree components. Diagnostic ratios, ring profile, principal component analysis, the coefficient of divergence, and the Pearson correlation coefficient methods were used in the definition of sources of PAHs in the sampling sites, although all source identification methods have advantages and disadvantages. According to the results, the PAHs mainly originated from biomass and coal burning, traffic, and mixed sources. It also was concluded that three sampling sites showed higher PAH concentrations during winter, and the main PAH sources were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ferhat Sari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
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15
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Qian Y, Zhang K, Jin H, Lei L, Zhang H, Gan H. Removal of acenaphthene from wastewater by Pseudomonas sp. in anaerobic conditions: the effects of extra and intracellular substances. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1298-1306. [PMID: 30284962 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1531940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sorption and degradation are considered two primary modes of pollutant removal by microorganisms, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been shown to play an important role in these biological processes. However, their role in removing refractory organic pollutants the effects of intracellular substances in microorganisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated both the removal mechanism and intracellular substances involved in removing the pollutant acenaphthene (ACE) from Pseudomonas sp. bacteria in anaerobic conditions. The results indicated that the ACE was mainly adsorbed rather than degraded by bacteria. Moreover, ACE had little impact on EPS secretion at concentrations ranging 0-3 mg/L. Cell walls and membranes accounted for more than 70% of ACE adsorption, whereas intra-cellular substances accounted for about 10-25% and the effect of other components on ACE adsorption was not obvious. A possible mechanism of ACE removal by bacteria is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Qian
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixia Jin
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huining Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Gan
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ofman P, Struk-Sokołowska J, Skoczko I, Wiater J. Alternated biodegradation of naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ACY) and acenaphthene (ACE) in an aerobic granular sludge reactor (GSBR). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121184. [PMID: 31522063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents quantitative changes of selected 2- and 3-ring PAHs after process phases of GSBR reactor. The studies have been carried out for 264 cycles of GSBR reactor, during which concentration of naphthalene was increased in the range of 3.00-710.00 μg/L, acenaphthylene 1.00-160.00 μg/L, acenaphthene 3.00-440.00 μg/L. GSBR operating cycle consisted of filling (30 min), mixing (90 min), aeration (540 min), sedimentation (10 min), decanting (30 min) and downtime (20 min) phases. Activated sludge dry mass concentration was 4.00 kg/m3. Conducted studies showed that in GSBR reactor naphthalene was degraded with the highest intensity. Results of the statistical analysis confirmed that naphthalene concentrations were statistically significantly different (α = 0.05) after each individual GSBR process phase, while in case of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, the differences were observed only between mixing and aeration phases. Additionally, equations estimating concentrations of PAHs in treated wastewater were developed. Selected activated sludge technological parameters (sludge volume index, sludge and hydraulic retention time) and concentration of PAHs were used for equations. The R2 coefficients of equations were above 0.99, which indicates a good adjustment of estimation to observed values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ofman
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
| | - Joanna Struk-Sokołowska
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland.
| | - Iwona Skoczko
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
| | - Józefa Wiater
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, 15-351 Bialystok, Wiejska 45E, Poland
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17
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Frescura LM, de Menezes BB, Duarte R, da Rosa MB. Application of multivariate analysis on naphthalene adsorption in aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3329-3337. [PMID: 31838706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene (NAP) is found as a pollutant in water, soil, and air, and adsorption is the most prominent removal process of this compound, among the methods studied. A study concerning the types of adsorbents and the parameters with the greatest influence on the adsorption process is interesting to direct future works on new adsorbents. The use of multivariate data analysis tools becomes an appealing way to compile data obtained from bibliographic reviews and to establish a behavior in NAP adsorption. This work aims to evaluate the parameters with greater influence on NAP adsorption process regarding adsorption capacity (qeexp) with the principal component analysis (PCA), and to group common NAP adsorbents by chemical characteristics through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The variables qeexp, S, [NAP]0, T, CT, and [Ads] were used to perform PCA with correlation matrix. For the HCA, the variables S, [NAP]0, T, CT, and [Ads] with average linkage method (UPGMA) and Euclidean distance were used. Through PCA, it is possible to infer that S and [NAP]0 are the factors with greater influence in qeexp of NAP, while T, CT, and [Ads] have little correlation. PCA also shows that activated charcoal is the adsorbent with higher qeexp. HCA grouped the adsorbents into four groups by their chemical classes, except group A. Both PCA and HCA methods show themselves as potential tools to evaluate a data set of NAP adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Mironuk Frescura
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bryan Brummelhaus de Menezes
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Duarte
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Barcellos da Rosa
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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18
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Awad AM, Shaikh SM, Jalab R, Gulied MH, Nasser MS, Benamor A, Adham S. Adsorption of organic pollutants by natural and modified clays: A comprehensive review. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Costa JAS, Sarmento VHV, Romão LPC, Paranhos CM. Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous material from rice husk ash and its application in the removal of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25476-25490. [PMID: 31264155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rice husk ash (RHA) was used as an alternative source of silica for the synthesis of the functionalized mesoporous material, which was used in the removal of the PAHs naphthalene (Nap), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) from aqueous media. The PABA-MCM-41 (RHA) was characterized using FTIR, TGA, SAXS, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. Removal experiments were performed to determine the initial concentrations, individual adsorption in comparison with the mixture of the PAHs, PABA-MCM-41 (RHA) amount, pH, time, and temperature, and the results obtained were statistically analyzed. The PABA-MCM-41 (RHA) presented the SBET, VT, and DBJH values of 438 m2 g-1, 0.41 cm3 g-1, and 3.59 nm, respectively, and good thermal stability. The qe values found in the kinetic equilibrium for the PAHs mixture followed increasing order: Nap < B[a] P < B[k]F < B[b]F, with removal percentages of 89.08 ± 0.00, 93.85 ± 0.28, 94.54 ± 0.10, and 97.80 ± 0.05%, respectively. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arnaldo S Costa
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Victor H V Sarmento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane P C Romão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Caio M Paranhos
- Polymer Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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20
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Tomei MC, Mosca Angelucci D, Mascolo G, Kunkel U. Post-aerobic treatment to enhance the removal of conventional and emerging micropollutants in the digestion of waste sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:36-46. [PMID: 31376968 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low content of micropollutants in sewage sludge, essential to allow its safe re-use in agriculture, requires effective removals during the digestion phase. To this purpose, we investigated the performance of the anaerobic-aerobic sequential digestion process applied to real waste sludge in the removal of several classes of standard pollutants, i.e. extractable organic halogens (EOXs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and alkylphenolethoxylates. In addition, emerging pollutants were also investigated based on their widespread occurrence and on their physicochemical characteristics and eco-toxicological relevance: quaternary ammonium compounds, a number of pharmaceuticals and selected biocides. The anaerobic step was conducted at mesophilic conditions, while two operating temperatures were tested for the post-aerobic treatment, i.e. 20 and 37 °C, respectively. Results showed that the post-aerobic digestion step enhanced the removal of all investigated standard and emerging micropollutants, even in presence of high accumulation in the anaerobic digestate (occurred for some PAHs and PCB congeners). Increased removals (up to 30%) have been generally observed at 37 °C aerobic temperature in comparison with tests at T = 20 °C for all investigated organic micropollutants, with the only exception of halogenated compounds (i.e. EOXs and PCBs). Low biodegradability and high bioaccumulation of the investigated pollutants were successfully faced by the sequential process, which has been demonstrated as an effective alternative solution to produce digested sludge for safe agricultural re-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Concetta Tomei
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy.
| | - Domenica Mosca Angelucci
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via Salaria km 29.300, CP 10, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (Rome), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- Water Research Institute, C.N.R., Via de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari (BA), Italy
| | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Str. 160, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
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21
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Sun X, Chen M, Wei D, Du Y. Research progress of disinfection and disinfection by-products in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 81:52-67. [PMID: 30975330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in 1980s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included: (1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China, (2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs, (3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process, (4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs, (5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and (6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Biel-Maeso M, Corada-Fernández C, Lara-Martín PA. Removal of personal care products (PCPs) in wastewater and sludge treatment and their occurrence in receiving soils. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:129-139. [PMID: 30508710 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clean water is one of the main resources for key activities such as agriculture, power generation, and public and industrial supplies. However, once wastewater generated by these activities is released into the environment, it may represent a potential risk to ecosystems and even human health depending on the presence of certain types and levels of contaminants. This study is focused on personal care products (PCPs), a class of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) which includes commonly used cosmetic and personal hygiene products (e.g., fragrances, UV filters, antimicrobials, surfactants, among others), and their comparison with legacy contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We have monitored the concentrations of up to 66 target compounds in influent and effluent wastewater, sludge, and compost samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Jerez de la Frontera (SW Spain) over a 1-year period. Almost half of the target compounds (44%) were frequently detected in influent wastewater samples, with prevalence of synthetic fragrances and higher abundance of UV filters during warmer periods. Due to their relatively poor removal efficiencies (<70%), 30 target compounds were always detected in the final effluent. The highest levels here were observed for an UV filter (octocrylene) and three synthetic fragrances (traseolide, OTNE, and galaxolide), showing maximum concentrations of 4-7 μg L-1 and 12-95 μg g-1 in the dissolved and particulate fractions, respectively. Concentrations of these compounds increased in sludge, being up to 365 μg g-1 for some fragrances and showing negligible decrease after anaerobic digestion. Windrow composting of this sludge, however, resulted in an efficient removal (up to 100%) for most analytes. On the other hand, levels between <1 and 651 ng g-1 were measured in soils columns (0-150 cm) at the WWTP gardens irrigated with effluent wastewater. The occurrence of PCPs in these soils seemed to be heavily influenced by temperature, as maximum concentrations were measured in colder months, indicating a higher rate of microbial activity degradation and/or volatilization during warmer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
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Sun SJ, Zhao ZB, Li B, Ma LX, Fu DL, Sun XZ, Thapa S, Shen JM, Qi H, Wu YN. Occurrence, composition profiles and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in municipal sewage sludge in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:764-770. [PMID: 30502706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide survey, including 75 sludge samples and 18 wastewater samples taken from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 23 cities, was carried out to investigate the occurrence and composition profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China. In total, the concentrations of ∑16PAHs in sludge ranged from 565 to 280,000 ng/g (mean: 9340 ng/g) which was at a moderate level in the world. The composition profiles of PAHs were characterized by 3- and 4-ring PAHs in textile dyeing sludge and 4- and 5-ring PAHs in domestic sludge. Significant variations in regional distribution of PAHs were observed. Both the principal components analysis and diagnostic ratios revealed that vehicle exhaust, coal and natural gas combustion were the main sources of PAHs in China. The estimated concentrations of PAHs were 3820 ng/L and 1120 ng/L in influents and effluents of the WWTPs, respectively. The high toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values of PAHs are ascribed to the high PAH levels. Risk quotient values (RQs) in sludge indicated that there was low potential risk to soil ecosystem after sludge had been applied one year except for indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IcdP) detected in Huaibei, Anhui province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ze-Bin Zhao
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Li-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dong-Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xia-Zhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Samit Thapa
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Min Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yi-Ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Sun S, Jia L, Li B, Yuan A, Kong L, Qi H, Ma W, Zhang A, Wu Y. The occurrence and fate of PAHs over multiple years in a wastewater treatment plant of Harbin, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:491-498. [PMID: 29268221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in wastewater, sludge and surrounding air from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Harbin, Northeast China. The concentration of total PAHs in the influent, effluent and sludge were 4080ng/L, 864ng/L and 8200ng/gdw, respectively. The total concentration of PAHs showed a trend of first rising, and then decreasing over years in the influent, effluent and sludge, which was in agreement with the usage of coal and oil in Harbin. The level of PAHs was 26-560ng/m3 in air from site 1 (the top of the A/O tank), 62-608ng/m3 in air from site 2 (the vicinity of the WWTP) and 61-686ng/m3 in air from site 3 (the urban district of Harbin). In the influent and effluent, the mean concentration of PAHs followed the sequence of summer>winter>autumn>spring, while the sequence was winter>summer>autumn>spring in sludge and air. Rainfall may be the main reason for higher contamination in summer. Coal fired central heating and indoor dust may be reasons for higher PAHs in winter. The mean removal efficiency of total PAHs was approximately 85% (20% of which was adsorbed onto sludge, and 65% volatilized into air or degraded by biodegradation), and 15% of PAHs were discharged through the effluent. There was approximately 6240kg of PAHs imported into the WWTP every year, 1005kg discharged into the Songhua River through the effluent, and 327kg absorbed onto sludge and the rest was degraded or volatilized into air. PCA was applied to identify the sources of PAHs for both heating and non-heating seasons. In general, coal combustion was the main source of PAHs during the heating season and vehicle exhaust was the main source of PAHs during the non-heating season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Linran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anni Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Wudalianchi Environmental Monitoring Station, Heilongjiang 164155, China
| | - Hong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wanli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yining Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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25
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Blanco-Enríquez EG, Zavala-Díaz de la Serna FJ, Peralta-Pérez MDR, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Salmerón I, Rubio-Arias H, Rocha-Gutiérrez BA. Characterization of a Microbial Consortium for the Bioremoval of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E975. [PMID: 29757264 PMCID: PMC5982014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pollution of freshwater ecosystems from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a global concern. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has included the PAHs pyrene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene among the 16 priority compounds of special concern for their toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to adapt and characterize a microbial consortium from ore waste with the potential to remove these three PAHs from water. This microbial consortium was exposed to the target PAHs at levels of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mg L−1 for 14 days. PAH bioremoval was measured using the analytical technique of solid phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The results revealed that up to 90% of the target PAHs can be removed from water after 14 days at a concentration level of 100 mg L−1. The predominant group of microorganisms identified at the phylum taxonomic level were the Proteobacteria, while the Actinobacteria were the predominant subgroup. The removal of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and pyrene predominantly occurred in specimens of genera Stenotrophomonas, Williamsia, and Chitinophagaceae, respectively. This study demonstrates that the use of specific microorganisms is an alternative method of reducing PAH levels in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda G Blanco-Enríquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México.
| | | | - María Del Rosario Peralta-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México.
| | - Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México.
| | - Iván Salmerón
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México.
| | - Héctor Rubio-Arias
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico. R. Almada, Km.1. Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, México.
| | - Beatriz A Rocha-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Campus Universitario #2, Circuito Universitario, Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, México.
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Gong B, Wu P, Ruan B, Zhang Y, Lai X, Yu L, Li Y, Dang Z. Differential regulation of phenanthrene biodegradation process by kaolinite and quartz and the underlying mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 349:51-59. [PMID: 29414752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural and cost-effective materials such as minerals can serve as supportive matrices to enhance biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study we evaluated and compared the regulatory role of two common soil minerals, i.e. kaolinite and quartz in phenanthrene (a model PAH) degradation by a PAH degrader Sphingomonas sp. GY2B and investigated the underlying mechanism. Overall kaolinite was more effective than quartz in promoting phenanthrene degradation and bacterial growth. And it was revealed that a more intimate association was established between GY2B and kaolinite. Si and O atoms on mineral surface were demonstrated to be involved in GY2B-mineral interaction. There was an higher polysaccharide/lipid content in the EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) secreted by GY2B on kaolinite than on quartz. Altogether, these results showed that differential bacterial growth, enzymatic activity, EPS composition as well as the interface interaction may explain the effects minerals have on PAH biodegradation. It was implicated that different interface interaction between different minerals and bacteria can affect microbial behavior, which ultimately results in different biodegradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beini Gong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Bo Ruan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Lai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Langfeng Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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27
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Li Y, Hu Y, Lan W, Yan J, Chen Y, Xu M. Investigation of the accumulation of ash, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to assess the stability of lysis-cryptic growth sludge reduction in sequencing batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24147-24155. [PMID: 28884430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of ash, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively called potential accumulating substances, PAS) was evaluated to ascertain the stability of lysis-cryptic growth sludge reduction process (LSRP) for municipal sludge treatment. One sequencing batch reactor (SBR) incorporated with homogenization was run to test the LSRP and another SBR as a control. The continuous monitoring results for 2 months showed that the ash and heavy metals slightly increased, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 18.0%, indicating that there may be negligible accumulations during the LSRP. Their accumulations met pattern I, as demonstrated by statistical analysis, proving no PAS accumulation for LSRP. This was further confirmed by sludge activity and system performance. Moreover, the mechanism for no PAS accumulation was discussed. It was concluded that the LSRP was stable with no worries about PAS accumulation under the operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyou Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, No. 382, East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wangcheng Lan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, No. 382, East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, No. 382, East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, No. 382, East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
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28
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Rubio-Clemente A, Chica E, Peñuela GA. Rapid Determination of Anthracene and Benzo(a)pyrene by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1225304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - E. Chica
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A. Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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29
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Li J, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Lei M. Recyclable nanoscale zero-valent iron-based magnetic polydopamine coated nanomaterials for the adsorption and removal of phenanthrene and anthracene. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:3-16. [PMID: 28179954 PMCID: PMC5256256 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1246941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVIs) were coated with silica and polydopamine using a two-step process. The coated nanoparticles were applied as adsorbents for removal of two common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollutants, phenanthrene (PHE) and anthracene (ANT) from aqueous system. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Isotherms and thermodynamics were investigated and the results indicated that the adsorption process fit best to the Freundlich model and exhibited the characteristics of an exothermal physical adsorption process. Owing to their superparamagnetic characteristics and stability, these adsorbents could be easily collected and recycled for reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Man Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
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30
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Comparative study of naphthalene adsorption on activated carbon prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis from different typical coals in Xinjiang. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Yu W, Liu R, Wang J, Xu F, Shen Z. Source apportionment of PAHs in surface sediments using positive matrix factorization combined with GIS for the estuarine area of the Yangtze River, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:263-271. [PMID: 25966456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study used PMF and geostatistics to quantify sources of PAHs based on 30 samples tested for 16 PAHs in surface sediment from the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) in February 2011. The results demonstrated that the total PAH concentrations varied from 65.07 to 954.52 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 224.00 ng g(-1). In the inner estuary, the mean of the total PAH concentrations was 229.89 ng g(-1), and the high molecular weight of four-to-six-ring PAHs accounted for 51.83% of PAHs. In the adjacent East Sea, the mean value was 218.85 ng g(-1) and the high molecular weight PAHs accounted for approximately 54% of total PAHs. A three-factor modeling result from PMF provided the most satisfactory analysis of PAH sources. Coke plant emissions and biomass combustion, which contributed 45.64% of the pollution, were the most important sources, and pollutants from these sources were primarily concentrated in the southern branch of the estuary. Gasoline fuel combustion accounted for approximately 40% of the pollution, and the major contaminated area was in the northern region. Petrogenic sources (14.70%) also influenced the estuary, especially in the northeastern region. Water currents and source locations affected the impacted regions of PMF factors; the surrounding natural and artificial influences were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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32
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Björklund K, Li L. Evaluation of low-cost materials for sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants in stormwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 159:106-114. [PMID: 26063514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional stormwater treatment techniques such as sedimentation and filtration are inefficient for removing the dissolved and colloidal phases of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) present in stormwater. Adsorption could be a promising technique for removing colloidal and dissolved pollutants. Five low-cost sorbent materials were investigated in this project, including two minerals – vermiculite and perlite – and three waste products – two pine barks and a sawdust – as potential adsorbents for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols and phthalates; HOCs commonly found in stormwater. Adsorption capacity and kinetics were studied through batch adsorption tests using synthetic stormwater spiked with a mixture of HOCs. Vermiculite and perlite exhibited insignificant removal of the organic contaminants. The three wood-based materials retained >80% of the initial HOC concentration (10-300 μg/L). The two barks exhibited slightly higher adsorption capacities of HOCs than the sawdust. For all compounds tested, maximum adsorption onto the wood-based media was reached in <10 min. The highest adsorption capacity was found for PAHs (up to 45 μg/g), followed by alkylphenols and phthalates. No correlation was found between adsorption capacity and physical-chemical parameters such as solubility and partition coefficients (log K(ow)). Agreement between empirical data and the pseudo-second order kinetic model suggest chemisorption of HOCs onto a monolayer on wood-based media. This could lead to early saturation of the materials and should be investigated in future studies through repeated adsorption of HOCs, for example in column studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Björklund
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 8, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Loretta Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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33
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Ma Y, Xie J, Jin J, Wang W, Yao Z, Zhou Q, Li A, Liang Y. Development of a magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering; Yancheng 210009 P. R. China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
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34
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Le Bihanic F, Morin B, Cousin X, Le Menach K, Budzinski H, Cachot J. Developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures in fish early life stages. Part I: adverse effects in rainbow trout. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13720-13731. [PMID: 24687795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new gravel-contact assay using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos was developed to assess the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hydrophobic compounds. Environmentally realistic exposure conditions were mimicked with a direct exposure of eyed rainbow trout embryos incubated onto chemical-spiked gravels until hatching at 10 °C. Several endpoints were recorded including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, developmental abnormalities, and DNA damage (comet and micronucleus assays). This bioassay was firstly tested with two model PAHs, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene. Then, the method was applied to compare the toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures characterized by different PAH compositions: a pyrolytic extract from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two petrogenic extracts from Arabian Light and Erika oils, at two environmental concentrations, 3 and 10 μg g(-1) sum of PAHs. The degree and spectrum of toxicity were different according to the extract considered. Acute effects including embryo mortality and decreased hatching success were observed only for Erika oil extract. Arabian Light and pyrolytic extracts induced mainly sublethal effects including reduced larvae size and hemorrhages. Arabian Light and Erika extracts both induced repairable DNA damage as revealed by the comet assay versus the micronucleus assay. The concentration and proportion of methylphenanthrenes and methylanthracenes appeared to drive the toxicity of the three PAH fractions tested, featuring a toxic gradient as follows: pyrolytic < Arabian Light < Erika. The minimal concentration causing developmental defects was as low as 0.7 μg g(-1) sum of PAHs, indicating the high sensitivity of the assay and validating its use for toxicity assessment of particle-bound pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florane Le Bihanic
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 351 cours de la liberation, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
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Kalmykova Y, Moona N, Strömvall AM, Björklund K. Sorption and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates in landfill leachate using sand, activated carbon and peat filters. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:246-57. [PMID: 24686091 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are repeatedly found contaminated with organic pollutants, such as alkylphenols (APs), phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at levels exceeding water quality standards. It has been shown that these pollutants may be present in the colloidal and truly dissolved phase in contaminated water, making particle separation an inefficient removal method. The aim of this study was to investigate sorption and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), selected APs, bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates and PAHs from landfill leachate using sand, granulated activated carbon (GAC) and peat moss filters. A pilot plant was installed at an inactive landfill with mixed industrial and household waste and samples were collected before and after each filter during two years. Leachate pre-treated in oil separator and sedimentation pond failed to meet water quality standards in most samples and little improvement was seen after the sand filter. These techniques are based on particle removal, whereas the analysed pollutants are found, to varying degrees, bound to colloids or dissolved. However, even highly hydrophobic compounds expected to be particle-bound, such as the PHCs and high-molecular weight PAHs, were poorly removed in the sand filter. The APs and BPA were completely removed by the GAC filter, while mass balance calculations indicate that 50-80% of the investigated phenols were removed in the peat filter. Results suggest possible AP degradation in peat filters. No evidence of phthalate degradation in the landfill, pond or the filters was found. The PHCs were completely removed in 50% and 35% of the measured occasions in the GAC and peat filters, respectively. The opposite trend was seen for removal of PAHs in GAC (50%) and peat (63%). Oxygenated PAHs with high toxicity were found in the leachates but not in the pond sediment. These compounds are likely formed in the pond water, which is alarming because sedimentation ponds are commonly used treatment techniques. The oxy-PAHs were effectively removed in the GAC, and especially the peat filter. It was hypothesized that dissolved compounds would adsorb equally well to the peat and GAC filters. This was not completely supported as the GAC filter was in general more efficient than peat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Kalmykova
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nashita Moona
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Björklund
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
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36
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Yang W, Dong L, Luo Z, Cui X, Liu J, Liu Z, Huo M. Application of ultrasound and quartz sand for the removal of disinfection byproducts from drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 101:34-40. [PMID: 24296031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, little information is available on the combined use of ultrasound (US) and quartz sand (QS) in the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from drinking water. This study investigates the removal efficiency for 12 DBPs from drinking water by 20 kHz sonolytic treatment, QS adsorption, and their combination. Results indicate that DBPs with logKow≤1.12 could not be sonolysized; for logKow≥1.97, more than 20% removal efficiency was observed, but the removal efficiency was unrelated to logKow. DBPs containing a nitro group are more sensitive to US than those that comprise nitrile, hydrogen, and hydroxyl groups. Among the 12 investigated DBPs, 9 could be adsorbed by QS adsorption. The adsorption efficiency ranged from 12% for 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone to 80% for trichloroacetonitrile. A synergistic effect was found between the US and QS on DBPs removal, and all the 12 DBPs could be effectively removed by the combined use of US and QS. In the presence of US, part of the QS particles were corroded into small particles which play a role in increasing the number of cavitation bubbles and reducing cavitation bubble size and then improve the removal efficiency of DBPs. On the other hand, the presence of US enhances the DBP mass transfer rate to cavitation bubbles and quartz sand. In addition, sonolytic treatment led to a slight decrease of pH, and TOC values decreased under all the three treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lili Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaochun Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiancong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zhongmou Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Changchun 130118, China.
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37
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Zhang X, Li X, Zhang Q, Peng Q, Zhang W, Gao F. New insight into the biological treatment by activated sludge: the role of adsorption process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:160-164. [PMID: 24362248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adsorption on the biological treatment process of wastewater. In the absence of substrate in the water, activated sludge developed well in the first hour, indicating that the growth of microorganism was not directly related to substrate concentration and the dissolved organic matter in the water assays were performed, no organic matter was detected out, revealing that there was no desorption in the activated sludge adsorption process. Activated sludge batch growth experiments in the presence of different adsorption capacities indicated that specific growth rate increased as specific adsorption capacity increased. The experiment on the relationship of adsorption capacity and substrate concentration or sludge concentration was also carried out. Specific adsorption capacity increased as sludge load increased, presenting linear correlation. The experiment results showed that adsorption should be taken into account in the study of the biological treatment process of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Xinrun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Qiuming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Faming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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Chang YT, Hung CH, Chou HL. Effects of polyethoxylate lauryl ether (Brij 35) addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in a soil/water system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1672-1684. [PMID: 25320854 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.951228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-ionic surfactants usually are often selected for use in surfactant flushing technology, which is a process that can be used as part of PAH-contaminated soil bioremediation. Phenanthrene (PHE) biodegradation in the presence of polyethoxylate lauryl ether (Brij 35) was studied in two soil/water systems. The natural soil organic matter content (SOM) and the present of Brij 35, both above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and below the CMC, changed the rate of PHE biodegradation in the presence of Brij 35. PHE biodegradation is different in the two different soil/water systems: PHE > PHE-Brij 35-Micelle > PHE-Brij 35-Monomer in the clay/water system; PHE-Brij 35-Micelle > PHE-Brij 35-Monomer > PHE in the natural soil/water system. Among the free-living species associated with PHE-Brij 35 biodegradation, Brevundimonas diminuta, Caulobacter spp., Mycoplana bullata, Acidovorax spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 90.72% to 99.90% of the bacteria present. Specific hydrolytic enzymes, including esterases, glycosol-hydrolases and phosphatases, are expressed during PHE biodegradation. The information presented here will help the engineering design of more effective PAH bioremediation systems that use Brij 35 series flushing technology. In particular, micelles of Brij 35 can be used to accelerate the rate of remediation of PAH-contaminated soil in natural soil/water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-T Chang
- a Department of Microbiology , Soochow University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Sun Y, Yang S, Zhao G, Wang Q, Wang X. Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Graphene Oxides and Reduced Graphene Oxides. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2755-61. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031 (P.R. China)
| | - Shubin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031 (P.R. China)
| | - Guixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031 (P.R. China)
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, 230031 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiangke Wang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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40
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Shi Q, Li A, Zhu Z, Liu B. Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:188-194. [PMID: 23586314 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm3/g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi-Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Bian Y, Kengara FO, Gu C, Zhao Q, Jiang X. Enhanced desorption of humin-bound phenanthrene by attached phenanthrene-degrading bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:92-97. [PMID: 22940304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that the attachment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-degrading bacteria can promote desorption of PAHs from humin, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Biodegradation of humin-bound phenanthrene (PHE) - a model compound for PAHs - was investigated using two PHE-degrading bacteria, Sphingobium sp. PHE3 and Micrococcus sp. PHE9, respectively. Sorption data of PHE to humin fitted well into the modified Freundlich equation. Further, a new sorption band appeared at 1262cm(-1), demonstrating intermolecular interactions between PHE and humin. Interestingly, approximately 65.3% of humin-bound PHE was degraded by both strains, although only about 17.8% of PHE could be desorbed from humin by Tenax extraction. Furthermore, both strains grew well in mineral medium and also attached to humin surfaces for substrate uptake. It is proposed that the attached bacteria could possibly consume PHE on the humin via interactions between bacterial surfaces and humin, thereby overcoming the low PHE bioavailability and resulting in enhanced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Radian A, Mishael Y. Effect of humic acid on pyrene removal from water by polycation-clay mineral composites and activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:6228-6235. [PMID: 22545663 DOI: 10.1021/es300964d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene removal by polycation-montmorillonite (MMT) composites and granulated activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of humic acid (HA) was examined. Pyrene, HA, and sorbent interactions were characterized by FTIR, fluorescence and zeta measurements, adsorption, and column filtration experiments. Pyrene binding coefficients to the macromolecules were in the order of PVPcoS (poly-4-vinylpiridine-co-styrene) > HA > PDADMAC (poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium-chloride), correlating to pyrene-macromolecules compatibility. Electrostatic interactions explained the high adsorption of HA to both composites (∼100%), whereas HA adsorption by GAC was low. Pyrene removal by the composites, unlike GAC, was enhanced in the presence of HA; removal by PDADMAC-MMT increased from ∼50 (k(d) = 2.2 × 10(3) kg/L) to ∼70% (k(d) = 2.4 × 10(3) kg/L) in the presence of HA. This improvement was attributed to the adsorption of pyrene-HA complexes. PVPcoS-MMT was most efficient in removing pyrene (k(d) = 1.1 × 10(4) kg/L, >95% removal) which was explained in terms of specific π donor-π acceptor interactions. Pyrene uptake by column filters of GAC reached ∼50% and decreased to ∼30% in the presence of HA. Pyrene removal by the PVPcoS-MMT filter was significantly higher (100-85% removal), exhibiting only a small decrease in the presence of HA. The utilization of HA as an enhancing agent in pollutant removal is novel and of major importance in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Radian
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Lu XY, Li B, Zhang T, Fang HHP. Enhanced anoxic bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated sediment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:51-58. [PMID: 22104099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biodegradation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediment was investigated under three different anoxic conditions, i.e. sulfate-only, nitrate-only and mixed nitrate/sulfate as electron acceptors. All two-, three- and four-ring PAHs showed significant biodegradation with the removal efficiencies ranging from 42% to 77%, while five- and six-ring PAHs showed little degradation. The results illustrated that two- to three-ring PAHs could be degraded at a rate of 4.01×10(-2)-6.42×10(-2) d(-1) under nitrate-reducing condition, faster than that of under sulfate-reducing condition. Biodegradation of two- and three-ring PAHs followed first-order model well with the rate constants of 1.62×10(-2)-6.42×10(-2) d(-1). The biodegradation of four ring PAHs followed the zero-order kinetic model with the rate constants of 1.26×10(-2)-2.22×10(-2) mg/kg/d. Molecular analysis indicated that nahAc gene increased by two orders of magnitude during the biodegradation and served as a good indicator of PAHs-degrading bacterial population and biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Lu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Ma B, Xu M, Wang J, Chen H, He Y, Wu L, Wang H, Xu J. Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Rhizopus oryzae cell walls: application of cosolvent models for validating the cell wall-water partition coefficient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10542-10547. [PMID: 21944283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall-cosolvent partition coefficients (Km) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined for Rhizopus oryzae cell walls by controlling the volume fraction of methanol (f) ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. Five cosolvent models were employed for extrapolating the cell wall-water partition coefficients (Kw) in pure water. The extrapolated Kw values of four PAHs on R. oryzae cell walls were ranged from 2.9 to 5.1. Comparison of various Kw values of pyrene generated from extrapolation and the QSPR model, together with predicted different (PD), mean percentage deviations (MPD), and root mean square errors (RSE), revealed that the performance of the LL and Bayesian models were the best among all five tested cosolvent models. This study suggests that R. oryzae cell walls play an important role in the partitioning of PAHs during bioremediation because of the high Kw of fungal cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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