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Jha P, Ghosh S, Panja A, Kumar V, Singh AK, Prasad R. Microalgae and biogas: a boon to energy sector. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29135-y. [PMID: 37608163 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The global energy generation market immensely depends on fossil fuels which balances our survival on this planet. Energy can be called as the "master element" for our daily needs, starting from household power supply, agricultural purpose, automobile and transportation, industrial workload to economic and research domains. Fuel switching initiatives are being adapted by environmentalist and scientists to bring a novel sustainable source of energy. An environment and renewable alternative to fossil fuels are a must. Over the years, the world has shifted toward generating green fuels immensely. One such potential alternative to fossil fuels are biogases. Being versatile and renewable in nature, it has drawn immense attention globally. Despite having such potentials there exist some major drawbacks which mainly deal with the starting material. One such source for biogases can be microalgae. Microalgae based biogas production can produce huge amount of energy and that has been implemented by many foreign countries and their companies. Despite being in use in many countries, there are issues which needs to be addressed which will overall improve the biogas potential from microalgae even more. This review mainly focuses on generation of biogas from microalgae as a feedstock which are very economical and sustainable in its nature, presenting improvement strategies which can be impended to boost the over biogas sector globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Department of Research Facilitation, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Snigdha Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Major Arterial Road, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Avirup Panja
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Major Arterial Road, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700135, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Belisarai, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Belisarai, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
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Kavitha S, Gondi R, Kannah RY, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. A review on current advances in the energy and cost effective pretreatments of algal biomass: Enhancement in liquefaction and biofuel recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128383. [PMID: 36427767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main downside of utilizing algal biomass for biofuel production is the rigid cell wall which confines the availability of soluble organics to hydrolytic microbes during biofuel conversion. This constraint reduces the biofuel production efficiency of algal biomass. On the other hand, presenting various pretreatment methods before biofuel production affords cell wall disintegration and enhancement in biofuel generation. The potential of pretreatment methods chiefly relies on the extent of biomass liquefaction, energy, and cost demand. In this review, different pretreatments employed to disintegrate algal biomass were conferred in depth with detailed information on their efficiency in enhancing liquefaction and biofuel yield for pilot-scale implementation. Based on this review, it has been concluded that combinative and phase-separated pretreatments provide virtual input in enhancing the biofuel generation based on liquefaction potential, energy, and cost. Future studies should focus on decrement in cost and energy requirement of pretreatment in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashmi Gondi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, PO Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu - 610005, India.
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Li P, Wang J, Peng H, Li Q, Wang M, Yan W, Boboua SYB, Li W, Sun Y, Zheng G, Zhang H. The effect of heat pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestion of high-solid pig manure under high organic loading level. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:972361. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.972361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since more and more large-scale farms appear in China and changes in fecal sewage source disposal, the production of high-concentration solid manure waste is also increasing, and its conversion and utilization are gaining attention. This study investigated the effect of heat pre-treatment (HPT) on the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of high-solid manure (HSM). Pig manure (PM) feed with a total solids of 13% was used for the HPT and subsequent anaerobic digestion (AD) test. The HPT was carried out at 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively, for 15 min after the heating reached the set temperature. The results show that HPT led to PM feed COD solubilization, observing a maximum increase of 24.57% after pretreated at 100°C, and the treated PM feed under this condition received the maximum methane production potential of 264.64 mL·g−1 VS in batch AD test, which was 28.76% higher than that of the untreated group. Another semi-continuous AD test explored the maximum volume biogas production rate (VBPR). It involves two organic loading rates (OLR) of 13.4 and 17.8 g VSadded·L−1·d−1. The continuous test exhibited that all the HPT groups could produce biogas normally when the OLR increased to the high level, while the digester fed with untreated PM showed failure. The maximum VBPR of 4.71 L L−1·d−1 was observed from PM feed after pre-treated at 100°C and running at the high OLR. This reveals that thermal treatment can weaken the impact of a larger volume of feed on the AD system. Energy balance analysis demonstrates that it is necessary to use a heat exchanger to reuse energy in the HPT process to reduce the amount of energy input. In this case, the energy input to energy output (Ei/Eo) ranged from 0.34 to 0.55, which was much less than one, suggesting that biogas increment due to heat treatment can reasonably cover the energy consumption of the pre-treatment itself. Thus combining HPT and high-load anaerobic digestion of PM was suitable.
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Low-Temperature Pretreatment of Biomass for Enhancing Biogas Production: A Review. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature pretreatment (LTPT, Temp. < 100 °C or 140 °C) has the advantages of low input, simplicity, and energy saving, which makes engineering easy to use for improving biogas production. However, compared with high-temperature pretreatment (>150 °C) that can destroy recalcitrant polymerized matter in biomass, the action mechanism of heat treatment of biomass is unclear. Improving LTPT on biogas yield is often influenced by feedstock type, treatment temperature, exposure time, and fermentation conditions. Such as, even when belonging to the same algal biomass, the response to LTPT varies between species. Therefore, forming a unified method for LTPT to be applied in practice is difficult. This review focuses on the LTPT used in different biomass materials to improve anaerobic digestion performance, including food waste, sludge, animal manure, algae, straw, etc. It also discusses the challenge and cost issues faced during LTPT application according to the energy balance and proposes some proposals for economically promoting the implementation of LTPT.
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Chen H, Xia A, Zhu X, Huang Y, Zhu X, Liao Q. Hydrothermal hydrolysis of algal biomass for biofuels production: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126213. [PMID: 34715338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal hydrolysis is an energy-efficient and economical pretreatment technology to disrupt the algal cells and hydrolyze the intracellular compounds, thereby promoting the biofuels production of fermentation. However, complex reaction mechanisms, unpredictable rheological properties of algal slurry, and immature continuous reactors still constrain the commercialization of such a process. To systematically understand the existing status and lay a foundation for promoting the technology, the chemical mechanism of hydrothermal hydrolysis of algal biomass is elaborated in this paper, and the influences of temperature, residence time, total solid content, and pH, on the biomethane production of hydrolyzed algal biomass are summarized. Besides, a comprehensive overview of the rheological behavior of algal slurries is discussed at various operational factors. The recent advances in flow, heat and mass transfer model coupling with the generic kinetics model in continuous reactors and the application of energy-saving strategies for efficient algal biomass pretreatment are detailed reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Zhang K, Zhang F, Wu YR. Emerging technologies for conversion of sustainable algal biomass into value-added products: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147024. [PMID: 33895504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding high energy demand and gradual depletion of fossil fuels have attracted the desire of seeking renewable and sustainable alternatives. Similar to but better than the first- and second-generation biomass, algae derived third-generation biorefinery aims to generate value-added products by microbial cell factories and has a great potential due to its abundant, carbohydrate-rich and lignin-lacking properties. However, it is crucial to establish an efficient process with higher competitiveness over the current petroleum industry to effectively utilize algal resources. In this review, we summarize the recent technological advances in maximizing the bioavailability of different algal resources. Following an overview of approaches to enhancing the hydrolytic efficiency, we review prominent opportunities involved in microbial conversion into various value-added products including alcohols, organic acids, biogas and other potential industrial products, and also provide key challenges and trends for future insights into developing biorefineries of marine biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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7
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Yukesh Kannah R, Kavitha S, Parthiba Karthikeyan O, Rene ER, Kumar G, Rajesh Banu J. A review on anaerobic digestion of energy and cost effective microalgae pretreatment for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125055. [PMID: 33813179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is considered as a renewable and sustainable biomass to produce bioenergy and other high-value products. Besides, the cultivation of microalgae does not need any fertile land and it provides opportunities for climate change mitigation by sequestering atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2), facilitating nutrient recovery from wastewater and regulating industrial pollutions/emissions. Algal biomass harvested from different technologies are unique in their physio-chemical properties that require critical understanding prior to value-addition or bioenergy recovery. In this review, we elaborate the importance of cell wall weakening followed by pretreatment as a key process step and strategy to reduce the energy cost of converting algal biomass into bioenergy. From the energy-calculations, it was measured that the cell wall weakening significantly improves the net-energy ratio from 0.68 to 1.02. This approach could be integrated with any pre-treatment options, while it reduces the time of pre-treatment and costs of energy/chemicals required for hydrolysis of algal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Damtie MM, Shin J, Jang HM, Cho HU, Wang J, Kim YM. Effects of biological pretreatments of microalgae on hydrolysis, biomethane potential and microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124905. [PMID: 33676351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parameters of temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) were varied to study their effects on hydrolysis, biomethane potential (BMP), and microbial diversity of microalgae biodegradation. Anaerobic pretreatments at 85 °C demonstrated the release of soluble carbohydrate and protein molecules under low microbial metabolic activity. However, at 55 °C, anaerobic pretreatments showed superior performance in methane yield, nutrient release, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production due to dominant Clostridium. Furthermore, the highest destruction of volatile solids (VS) was observed during aerobic pretreatments at 55 °C under the influence of various quantities of these genera - Luteimonas, Symbiobacterium, Soehngenia, Thermobacillus, and Ureibacillus. Statistical analysis revealed that hydrolysis and BMP were not correlated. However, soluble nitrogen and phosphorous showed strong correlation with methane (r = 0.623 and 0.948, respectively) under thermo-anaerobic pretreatment, while VS removal and concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and lipids were positively correlated with each other under thermo-aerobic pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdimu Mezmir Damtie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Shin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jang
- Department of Environment & Energy and Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Cho
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Geng S, Song K, Li L, Xie F. Improved Algal Sludge Methane Production and Dewaterability by Zerovalent Iron-Assisted Fermentation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6146-6152. [PMID: 32226898 PMCID: PMC7098048 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the methane production improvement of algal sludge by zerovalent iron (ZVI)-assisted anaerobic digestion. The zerovalent iron added were 0.5, 2, 5, 10, and 20 g·ZVI/g·TS (total solid). The results indicated that the addition of ZVI at 2, 5, 10, and 20 g·ZVI/g·TS has improved the methane production 1.07, 1.24, 1.41, and 1.46 times as compared with no ZVI added. The dewaterability of treated algal sludge has improved 1.06, 1.08, 1.08, and 1.11 times as compared with no ZVI addition. The biochemical methane production test results fitted to both one-substrate and two-substrate models. The one-substrate model indicated that the hydrolysis rate k has increased 8.21, 7.07, 9.39, 3.50, and 5.07 times as compared with R1 where no ZVI was added. The two-substrate model implied that the rapid hydrolysis rate k rapid values were 5.23, 4.5, 5.98, 2.23, and 3.23 times as compared with R1. The one-substrate model predicted that the value of methane production was in high correlation with the actual value (R 2 > 0.98). The addition of ZVI in algal sludge for methane production without an extra pretreatment process has improved the hydrolysis rate and methane production. This has the potential to be developed as an effective and economic technology in resource recovery from algal sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Geng
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kang Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fazhi Xie
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
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Scarcelli PG, Serejo ML, Paulo PL, Boncz MÁ. Evaluation of biomethanization during co-digestion of thermally pretreated microalgae and waste activated sludge, and estimation of its kinetic parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135745. [PMID: 31806330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The maximum methane yield that can be obtained from anaerobic co-digestion of microalgae and waste activated sludge (WAS) mixtures, after thermal pretreatment at 65 °C during 4 h, was investigated. Furthermore, the fitting of the experimental data by five kinetic models (first-order, second-order, modified Gompertz, Logistic, and two-substrate) was evaluated. Thermal pretreatment increased the methane yield of single microalgae and WAS digestion by ≈ 44 and by ≈ 52%, respectively. The results also showed that up to 60% of WAS can be co-digested with microalgae without impairing the methane yield, producing up to 338 mLCH4 gVS-1. Data from digestion of non-pretreated microalgae and WAS were well described by all kinetic models, but digestion of thermally pretreated microalgae, WAS, and their co-digestion mixtures, was best fitted by means of a two-substrate model, indicating that after pretreatment it is necessary to take into account the contribution of both rapidly and slowly biodegradable fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Guenka Scarcelli
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Leite Serejo
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Paula Loureiro Paulo
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marc Árpád Boncz
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva s/n, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Chen H, Fu Q, Liao Q, Xiao C, Huang Y, Xia A, Zhu X, Kang Z. Rheokinetics of microalgae slurry during hydrothermal pretreatment processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121650. [PMID: 31228746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient process for improving the productivity of biofuels from wet microalgae biomass. The rheological behavior of microalgae slurry is a significant parameter affecting the performance of hydrothermal pretreatment reactors. Herein, the dynamic rheological behavior of microalgae slurry during hydrothermal pretreatment was investigated for the first time. The results revealed that the insoluble organics released from microalgae cells was the main factor affecting the rheological behavior of microalgae slurry. The denaturation and hydrolysis of starch and protein in liquid phase at different temperature regions caused the increasing and decreasing of viscosity of the microalgae slurry, respectively. The rheokinetics equations were established based on four-parameter cross-linking rheokinetics equation to describe the variation of viscosity with reaction time in different temperature. The variation of the rheokinetics model parameters with temperature revealed that the temperature has an obviously positive influence on the hydrothermal pretreatment process of the microalgae slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhongyin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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González-González LM, Astals S, Pratt S, Jensen PD, Schenk PM. Impact of osmotic shock pre-treatment on microalgae lipid extraction and subsequent methane production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The current fossil fuel reserves are not sufficient to meet the increasing demand and very soon will become exhausted. Pollution, global warming, and inflated oil prices have led the quest for renewable energy sources. Algal biofuels represent a potential source of renewable energy. Algae, as the third generation feedstock, are suitable for biodiesel and bioethanol production due to their quick growth, excellent biomass yield, and high lipid and carbohydrate contents. With their huge potential, algae are expected to surpass the first and second generation feedstocks. Only a few thousand algal species have been investigated as possible biofuel sources, and none of them was ideal. This review summarizes the current status of algal biofuels, important steps of algal biofuel production, and the major commercial production challenges.
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Marques ADL, Araújo ODQF, Cammarota MC. Biogas from microalgae: an overview emphasizing pretreatment methods and their energy return on investment (EROI). Biotechnol Lett 2018; 41:193-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Vo Hoang Nhat P, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Nguyen PD, Bui XT, Zhang XB, Guo JB. Can algae-based technologies be an affordable green process for biofuel production and wastewater remediation? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:491-501. [PMID: 29472123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Algae is a well-known organism that its characteristic is prominent for biofuel production and wastewater remediation. This critical review aims to present the applicability of algae with in-depth discussion regarding three key aspects: (i) characterization of algae for its applications; (ii) the technical approaches and their strengths and drawbacks; and (iii) future perspectives of algae-based technologies. The process optimization and combinations with other chemical and biological processes have generated efficiency, in which bio-oil yield is up to 41.1%. Through life cycle assessment, algae bio-energy achieves high energy return than fossil fuel. Thus, the algae-based technologies can reasonably be considered as green approaches. Although selling price of algae bio-oil is still high (about $2 L-1) compared to fossil fuel's price of $1 L-1, it is expected that the algae bio-oil's price will become acceptable in the next coming decades and potentially dominate 75% of the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vo Hoang Nhat
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - H H Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - W S Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - S W Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - D D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - P D Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X T Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X B Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - J B Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia and Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, TianjinChengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Nuchdang S, Frigon JC, Roy C, Pilon G, Phalakornkule C, Guiot SR. Hydrothermal post-treatment of digestate to maximize the methane yield from the anaerobic digestion of microalgae. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:683-688. [PMID: 28655465 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to applying the hydrothermal treatment to the raw algal feedstock before the anaerobic digestion (i.e. pre-treatment), one considered a post-treatment scenario where anaerobic digestion is directly used as the primary treatment while the hydrothermal treatment is thereafter applied to the digestate. Hydrothermal treatments such as wet oxidation (WetOx) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were compared at a temperature of 200°C, for initial pressure of 0.1 and 0.82MPa, and no holding time after the process had reached the temperature setpoint. Both WetOx and HTC resulted in a substantial solids conversion (47-62% with HTC, 64-83% with WetOx, both at 0.82MPa) into soluble products, while some total chemical oxygen demand-based carbon loss from the solid-liquid phases was observed (20-39%). This generated high soluble products concentrations (from 6.2 to 10.9g soluble chemical oxygen demand/L). Biomethane potential tests showed that these hydrothermal treatments allowed for a 4-fold improvement of the digestate anaerobic biodegradability. The hydrothermal treatments increased the methane yield to about 200 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, when related to the untreated digestate, compared to 66 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuchdang
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J-C Frigon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Roy
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Pilon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Phalakornkule
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S R Guiot
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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Lavrič L, Cerar A, Fanedl L, Lazar B, Žitnik M, Logar RM. Thermal pretreatment and bioaugmentation improve methane yield of microalgal mix produced in thermophilic anaerobic digestate. Anaerobe 2017; 46:162-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhang F, Huang Q. Highly effective removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by hydrochar derived from phycocyanin-extracted algal bloom residues through hydrothermal carbonization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27782a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huge volumes of harmful algal bloom residues (ABR) are collected during emergency treatment of cyanobacteria blooms, and phycocyanin-extracted algal bloom residues (PE-ABR) are produced after extraction of phycocyanin from ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
| | - Fayu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Technical Biology and Agriculture Engineering
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031
- China
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Klassen V, Blifernez-Klassen O, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Kalinowski J, Posten C, Kruse O. Highly efficient methane generation from untreated microalgae biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:186. [PMID: 28725266 PMCID: PMC5513056 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fact that microalgae perform very efficiently photosynthetic conversion of sunlight into chemical energy has moved them into the focus of regenerative fuel research. Especially, biogas generation via anaerobic digestion is economically attractive due to the comparably simple apparative process technology and the theoretical possibility of converting the entire algal biomass to biogas/methane. In the last 60 years, intensive research on biogas production from microalgae biomass has revealed the microalgae as a rather challenging substrate for anaerobic digestion due to its high cell wall recalcitrance and unfavorable protein content, which requires additional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies for sufficient fermentation. However, sustainable fuel generation requires the avoidance of cost/energy intensive biomass pretreatments to achieve positive net-energy process balance. RESULTS Cultivation of microalgae in replete and limited nitrogen culture media conditions has led to the formation of protein-rich and low protein biomass, respectively, with the last being especially optimal for continuous fermentation. Anaerobic digestion of nitrogen limited biomass (low-N BM) was characterized by a stable process with low levels of inhibitory substances and resulted in extraordinary high biogas, and subsequently methane productivity [750 ± 15 and 462 ± 9 mLN g-1 volatile solids (VS) day-1, respectively], thus corresponding to biomass-to-methane energy conversion efficiency of up to 84%. The microbial community structure within this highly efficient digester revealed a clear predominance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and the family Methanosaetaceae among the Bacteria and Archaea, respectively. The fermentation of replete nitrogen biomass (replete-N BM), on the contrary, was demonstrated to be less productive (131 ± 33 mLN CH4 g-1VS day-1) and failed completely due to acidosis, caused through high ammonia/ammonium concentrations. The organization of the microbial community of the failed (replete-N) digester differed greatly compared to the stable low-N digester, presenting a clear shift to the phyla Firmicutes and Thermotogae, and the archaeal population shifted from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study underlines the importance of cultivation conditions and shows the practicability of microalgae biomass usage as mono-substrate for highly efficient continuous fermentation to methane without any pretreatment with almost maximum practically achievable energy conversion efficiency (biomass to methane).Graphical abstractGrowth condition dependence of anaerobic conversion efficiency of microalgae biomass to methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Klassen
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Olga Blifernez-Klassen
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Clemens Posten
- Institute of Life Science Engineering (KIT), Bioprocess Engineering, University of Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Department of Biology/Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Klassen V, Blifernez-Klassen O, Wobbe L, Schlüter A, Kruse O, Mussgnug JH. Efficiency and biotechnological aspects of biogas production from microalgal substrates. J Biotechnol 2016; 234:7-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Applicability of Euglena gracilis for biorefineries demonstrated by the production of α-tocopherol and paramylon followed by anaerobic digestion. J Biotechnol 2015; 215:72-9. [PMID: 25910451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study the use of Euglena gracilis biomass for α-tocopherol, paramylon and biogas production in a value-added chain was investigated. Therefore, we analyzed the dry cell weight and product concentrations at different growth phases during heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic cultivation in a low-cost minimal medium. Furthermore, the specific biogas yields for differently derived biomass with and without product recovery were investigated. We demonstrate that growth phase and cultivation mode not only have a significant impact on product formation, but also influence the yield of biogas obtained from anaerobic digestion of Euglena gracilis biomass. The maximum dry cell weight concentration ranged from 12.3±0.14gL(-1) for heterotrophically to 3.4±0.02gL(-1) for photoautotrophically grown Euglena gracilis cells. The heterotrophically grown biomass accumulated product concentrations of 5.3±0.12mgL(-1) of α-tocopherol and 9.3±0.1gL(-1) of paramylon or 805±10.9mL of biogasgvs(-1) (per gram volatile solids). The results for photoautotrophically grown cells were 8.6±0.22mgL(-1) of α-tocopherol and 0.78±0.01gL(-1) of paramylon or 648±7.2mL of biogasgvs(-1). For an energy-saving downstream procedure the extracting agent methanol does not have to be removed strictly. Samples with residual methanol showed a significantly increased biogas yield, because the solvent can be used as an additional substrate for methane production by archaebacteria.
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Zieliński M, Dębowski M, Grala A, Dudek M, Kupczyk K, Rokicka M. The effect of pressure and temperature pretreatment on the biogas output from algal biomass. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:693-698. [PMID: 25204375 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.958543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data on methane fermentation of algal biomass containing Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. The biomass was obtained from closed-culture photobioreactors. Before the process, the algae were subjected to low temperature and pressure pretreatment for 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 h. The prepared biomass was subjected to mesophilic methane fermentation. The amount and composition of the biogas formed in the process were determined. The amount of biogas produced was larger when the biomass was subjected to thermal preprocessing. The proportion of methane in the gas also increased. Extending the heating time beyond 1.0 h did not significantly improve the biogassing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Zieliński
- a Department of Environment Protection Engineering , The Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Warszawska 117, Olsztyn 10 - 719 , Poland
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