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Usai G, Cordara A, Mazzocchi E, Re A, Fino D, Pirri CF, Menin B. Coupling dairy wastewaters for nutritional balancing and water recycling: sustainable heterologous 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359032. [PMID: 38497052 PMCID: PMC10940361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnology is hampered by the high production costs and the massive usage of water during large-volume cultivations. These drawbacks can be softened by the production of high-value compounds and by adopting metabolic engineering strategies to improve their performances and productivity. Today, the most sustainable approach is the exploitation of industrial wastewaters for microalgae cultivation, which couples valuable biomass production with water resource recovery. Among the food processing sectors, the dairy industry generates the largest volume of wastewaters through the manufacturing process. These effluents are typically rich in dissolved organic matter and nutrients, which make it a challenging and expensive waste stream for companies to manage. Nevertheless, these rich wastewaters represent an appealing resource for microalgal biotechnology. In this study, we propose a sustainable approach for high-value compound production from dairy wastewaters through cyanobacteria. This strategy is based on a metabolically engineered strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (already published elsewhere) for 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). 2-PE is a high-value aromatic compound that is widely employed as a fragrance in the food and cosmetics industry thanks to its pleasant floral scent. First, we qualitatively assessed the impact of four dairy effluents on cyanobacterial growth to identify the most promising substrates. Both tank-washing water and the liquid effluent of exhausted sludge resulted as suitable nutrient sources. Thus, we created an ideal buffer system by combining the two wastewaters while simultaneously providing balanced nutrition and completely avoiding the need for fresh water. The combination of 75% liquid effluent of exhausted sludge and 25% tank-washing water with a fine-tuning ammonium supplementation yielded 180 mg L-1 of 2-PE and a biomass concentration of 0.6 gDW L-1 within 10 days. The mixture of 90% exhausted sludge and 10% washing water produced the highest yield of 2-PE (205 mg L-1) and biomass accumulation (0.7 gDW L-1), although in 16 days. Through these treatments, the phosphates were completely consumed, and nitrogen was removed in a range of 74%-77%. Overall, our approach significantly valorized water recycling and the exploitation of valuable wastewaters to circularly produce marketable compounds via microalgae biotechnology, laying a promising groundwork for subsequent implementation and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering—DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzocchi
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA-CNR, Milan, Italy
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Antolín Puebla B, Vega Alegre M, Bolado Rodríguez S, García Encina PA. Microalgae: A Biological Tool for Removal and Recovery of Potentially Toxic Elements in Wastewater Treatment Photobioreactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 190:147-180. [PMID: 39190203 DOI: 10.1007/10_2024_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTE) pollution in water bodies is an emerging problem in recent decades due to uncontrolled discharges from human activities. Copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and uranium are considered potentially toxic and carcinogenic elements that threaten human health. Microalgae-based technologies for the wastewater treatment have gained importance in recent years due to their biomass high growth rates and effectiveness. Also, these microalgae-bacteria systems are cost-effective and environmentally friendly, utilize sunlight and CO2, and simultaneously address multiple environmental challenges, such as carbon mitigation, bioremediation, and generation of valuable biomass useful for biofuel production. Additionally, microalgae possess a diverse array of extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that enable them to remove and mitigate the toxicity of PTE present in wastewater. Therefore, photobioreactors are promising candidates for practical applications in bioremediation of wastewater containing toxic elements. Despite the increasing amount of research in this field in recent years, most studies are conducted in laboratory scale and there is a scarcity of large-scale studies under real and variable environmental conditions. Besides, the limited understanding of the multiple mechanisms controlling PTE biosorption in wastewater containing high organic matter loads and potentially toxic elements requires further studies. This chapter provides a schematic representation of the mechanisms and factors involved in the remediation of potentially toxic elements by microalgae, as well as the main results obtained in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Antolín Puebla
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Vega Alegre
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bolado Rodríguez
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro A García Encina
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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3
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Zhou XR, Wang R, Tang CC, Varrone C, He ZW, Li ZH, Wang XC. Advances, challenges, and prospects in microalgal-bacterial symbiosis system treating heavy metal wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140448. [PMID: 37839742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution, particularly in its ionic form in water bodies, is a chronic issue threatening environmental security and human health. The microalgal-bacterial symbiosis (MABS) system, as the basis of water ecosystems, has the potential to treat HM wastewater in a sustainable manner, with the advantages of environmental friendliness and carbon sequestration. However, the differences between laboratory studies and engineering practices, including the complexity of pollutant compositions and extreme environmental conditions, limit the applications of the MABS system. Additionally, the biomass from the MABS system containing HMs requires further disposal or recycling. This review summarized the recent advances of the MABS system treating HM wastewater, including key mechanisms, influence factors related to HM removal, and the tolerance threshold values of the MABS system to HM toxicity. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of the MABS system in treating actual HM wastewater are analyzed and discussed, and suggestions for biochar preparation from the MABS biomass containing HMs are provided. This review provides a reference point for the MABS system treating HM wastewater and the corresponding challenges faced by future engineering practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Cristiano Varrone
- Department of Chemistry and BioScience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Zhang-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
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Luo Y, Li X, Lin Y, Wu S, Cheng JJ, Yang C. Stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline in Chlorella vulgaris cultured in swine wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165120. [PMID: 37379923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella culturing has the advantages in treatment of wastewater including swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters due to the product of biolipids and the uptake of carbon dioxide. However, there often exist high concentrations of antibiotics and heavy metals in swine wastewater which could be toxic to chlorella and harmful to the biological systems. This study examined the stress of cupric ion and oxytetracycline (OTC) at various concentrations on the nutrient removal and biomass growth in Chlorella vulgaris culturing in swine wastewater from anaerobic digesters, and its biochemical responses were also studied. Results showed that dynamic hormesis of either OTC concentration or cupric ion one on Chlorella vulgaris were confirmed separately, and the presence of OTC not only did not limit biomass growth and lipids content of Chlorella vulgaris but also could mitigate the toxicity of cupric ion on Chlorella vulgaris in combined stress of Cu2+ and OTC. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris were used to explain the mechanisms of stress for the first time. The content of proteins and carbohydrates in EPS increased, and the fluorescence spectrum intensity of tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris decreased with increasing concentration of stress because Cu2+ and OTC may be chelated with proteins of TB-EPS to form non-fluorescent characteristic chelates. The low concentration of Cu2+ (≤1.0 mg/L) could enhance the protein content and promote the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) while these parameters were decreased drastically under 2.0 mg/L of Cu2+. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and glutathione (GSH) enhanced with the increase of OTC concentration under combined stress. This study helps to comprehend the impact mechanisms of stress on Chlorella vulgaris and provides a novel strategy to improve the stability of microalgae systems for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Urban and Rural Environmental Construction Co.., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410118, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jay J Cheng
- Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
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5
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Luo L, Yang C, Jiang X, Guo W, Ngo HH, Wang XC. Impacts of fulvic acid and Cr(VI) on metabolism and chromium removal pathways of green microalgae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132171. [PMID: 37527591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Green microalgae are highly efficient and cost-effective in the removal of heavy metals from water. However, dissolved organic matter (DOM), such as fulvic acid (FA), can impact their growth and heavy metal accumulation. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of different FA concentrations on the development, metabolism, and chromium (Cr) enrichment of Chlorella vulgaris, a standard green microalga. The findings revealed that low FA concentrations alleviated Cr-induced stress, stimulated microalgal growth, and enhanced energy conservation by suppressing chlorophyll synthesis. The highest chromium enrichment and reduction rates of 38.73% and 57.95% were observed when FA concentration reached 20 mg/L of total organic carbon (TOC). Furthermore, FA facilitated chromium removal by C. vulgaris through extracellular adsorption. Examination of microalgal cell surface functional groups and ultrastructure indicated that FA increased adsorption site electrons by promoting extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and enhancing the oxygen content of acidic functional groups. As a result, FA contributed to elevated enrichment and reduction rates of Cr in microalgal cells. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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6
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Zhao K, Zhao X, Gao T, Li X, Wang G, Pan X, Wang J. Dielectrophoresis-assisted removal of Cd and Cu heavy metal ions by using Chlorella microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122110. [PMID: 37390915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel dielectrophoresis (DEP)-assisted device for the bioremediation of heavy metal ions by using Chlorella microalgae is presented in this paper. To generate the DEP forces, pairs of electrode mesh were inserted in the DEP-assisted device. By applying DC electric field via the electrodes, the inhomogeneous electric field gradient is induced and the strongest non-uniform electric field exists near the mesh cross-corner. After the adsorption of Cd and Cu heavy metal ions by Chlorella, the Chlorella chain were trapped along the vicinity of the electrode mesh. Then, the effects of Chlorella concentration on the adsorption of heavy metal ions, and the applied voltage and electrode mesh size on the removal of Chlorella are conducted. In the co-existing Cd and Cu solutions, the individual adsorption ratio of Cd and Cu reaches as high as approximately 96% and 98%, respectively, showing excellent bioremediation capability of multiple heavy metal ions in wastewater. By adjusting the applied electric voltage and the mesh size, the Chlorella adsorbed with Cd and Cu are captured by negative DC-DEP effects and the removal ratio of Chlorella reach an average of 97%, providing a method for the removal of multiple heavy metal ions in wastewater by using Chlorella microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Guanqi Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China; Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China.
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Upadhyay AK, Mallick S, Singh R, Singh L, Singh N, Mandotra SK, Singh A, Srivastava RP, Pandey S, Saxena G. Novel cost-effective design for bio-volatilization studies in photosynthetic microalgae exposed to arsenic with emphasis on growth and glutathione modulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1170740. [PMID: 37405156 PMCID: PMC10315497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1170740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel laboratory model was designed to study the arsenic (As) biotransformation potential of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis sp. and the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. The Algae were treated under different concentrations of As(III) to check their growth, toxicity optimization, and volatilization potential. The results revealed that the alga Nannochloropsis sp. was better adopted in term of growth rate and biomass than C. vulgaris and A. doliolum. Algae grown under an As(III) environment can tolerate up to 200 μM As(III) with moderate toxicity impact. Further, the present study revealed the biotransformation capacity of the algae A. doliolum, Nannochloropsis sp., and Chlorella vulgaris. The microalga Nannochloropsis sp. volatilized a large maximum amount of As (4,393 ng), followed by C. vulgaris (4382.75 ng) and A. doliolum (2687.21 ng) after 21 days. The present study showed that As(III) stressed algae-conferred resistance and provided tolerance through high production of glutathione content and As-GSH chemistry inside cells. Thus, the biotransformation potential of algae may contribute to As reduction, biogeochemistry, and detoxification at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K. Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Lav Singh
- Central Academy for State Forest Services, Burnight, Assam, India
- Forest Training Institute, Kanpur (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitesh Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
| | - S. K. Mandotra
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arpit Singh
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shivaraman Pandey
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Government PG College, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chakravorty M, Nanda M, Bisht B, Sharma R, Kumar S, Mishra A, Vlaskin MS, Chauhan PK, Kumar V. Heavy metal tolerance in microalgae: Detoxification mechanisms and applications. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106555. [PMID: 37196506 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The proficiency of microalgae to resist heavy metals has potential to be beneficial in resolving various environmental challenges. Global situations such as the need for cost-effective and ecological ways of remediation of contaminated water and for the development of bioenergy sources could employ microalgae. In a medium with the presence of heavy metals, microalgae utilize different mechanisms to uptake the metal and further detoxify it. Biosorption and the next process of bioaccumulation are two such major steps and they also include the assistance of different transporters at different stages of heavy metal tolerance. This capability has also proved to be efficient in eradicating many heavy metals like Chromium, Copper, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium from the environment they are present in. This indicates the possibility of the application of microalgae as a biological way of remediating contaminated water. Heavy metal resistance quality also allows various microalgal species to contribute in the generation of biofuels like biodiesel and biohydrogen. Many research works have also explored the capacity of microalgae in nanotechnology for the formation of nanoparticles due to its relevant characteristics. Various studies have also revealed that biochar deduced from microalgae or a combination of biochar and microalgae can have wide applications specially in deprivation of heavy metals from an environment. This review focuses on the strategies adopted by microalgae, various transporters involved in the process of tolerating heavy metals and the applications where microalgae can participate owing to its ability to resist metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Chakravorty
- Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Biotechnology, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - Bhawna Bisht
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Abhilasha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russian Federation.
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Ghaffar I, Hussain A, Hasan A, Deepanraj B. Microalgal-induced remediation of wastewaters loaded with organic and inorganic pollutants: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:137921. [PMID: 36682632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge in industrialization has intensified the accumulation of various types of organic and inorganic pollutants due to the illegal dumping of partially and/or untreated wastewater effluents in the environment. The pollutants emitted by several industries pose serious risk to the environment, animals and human beings. Management and diminution of these hazardous organic pollutants have become an incipient research interest. Traditional physiochemical methods are energy intensive and produce secondary pollutants. So, bioremediation via microalgae has appeared to be an eco-friendly and sustainable technique to curb the adverse effects of organic and inorganic contaminants because microalgae can degrade complex organic compounds and convert them into simpler and non-toxic substances without the release of secondary pollutants. Even some of the organic pollutants can be exploited by microalgae as a source of carbon in mixotrophic cultivation. Literature survey has revealed that use of the latest modification techniques for microalgae such as immobilization (on alginate, carrageena and agar), pigment-extraction, and pretreatment (with acids) have enhaced their bioremedial potential. Moreover, microalgal components i.e., biopolymers and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can potentially be exploited in the biosorption of pollutants. Though bioremediation of wastewaters by microalgae is quite well-studied realm but some aspects like structural and functional responses of microalgae toward pollutant derivatives/by-products (formed during biodegradation), use of genetic engineering to improve the tolerance of microalgae against higher concentrations of polluatans, and harvesting cost reduction, and monitoring of parameters at large-scale still need more focus. This review discusses the accumulation of different types of pollutants into the environment through various sources and the mechanisms used by microalgae to degrade commonly occurring organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Hasan
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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Sharma P, Bano A, Singh SP, Sharma S, Xia C, Nadda AK, Lam SS, Tong YW. Engineered microbes as effective tools for the remediation of polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135538. [PMID: 35792210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a major concern to human health and the environment due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Traditional treatment measures for removing toxic substances from the environment have largely failed, and thus development and advancement in newer remediation techniques are of utmost importance. Rising environmental pollution with HMs and PAHs prompted the research on microbes and the development of genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) for reducing pollution via the bioremediation process. The enzymes produced from a variety of microbes can effectively treat a range of pollutants, but evolutionary trends revealed that various emerging pollutants are resistant to microbial or enzymatic degradation. Naturally, existing microbes can be engineered using various techniques including, gene engineering, directed evolution, protein engineering, media engineering, strain engineering, cell wall modifications, rationale hybrid design, and encapsulation or immobilization process. The immobilization of microbes and enzymes using a variety of nanomaterials, membranes, and supports with high specificity toward the emerging pollutants is also an effective strategy to capture and treat the pollutants. The current review focuses on successful bioremediation techniques and approaches that make use of GEMs or engineered enzymes. Such engineered microbes are more potent than natural strains and have greater degradative capacities, as well as rapid adaptation to various pollutants as substrates or co-metabolizers. The future for the implementation of genetic engineering to produce such organisms for the benefit of the environment andpublic health is indeed long and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Ambreen Bano
- IIRC-3, Plant-Microbe Interaction and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; Dehua Tubao New Decoration Material Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore.
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11
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Maqsood Q, Hussain N, Mumtaz M, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Novel strategies and advancement in reducing heavy metals from the contaminated environment. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:478. [PMID: 35831495 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The most contemporary ecological issues are the dumping of unprocessed factories' effluent. As a result, there is an increasing demand for creative, practical, environmentally acceptable, and inexpensive methodologies to remediate inorganic metals (Hg, Cr, Pb, and Cd) liquidated into the atmosphere, protecting ecosystems. Latest innovations in biological metals have driven natural treatment as a viable substitute for traditional approaches in this area. To eliminate pesticide remains from soil/water sites, technologies such as oxidation, burning, adsorption, and microbial degradation have been established. Bioremediation is a more cost-effective and ecologically responsible means of removing heavy metals than conventional alternatives. As a result, microorganisms have emerged as a necessary component of methyl breakdown and detoxification via metabolic reactions and hereditary characteristics. The utmost operative variant for confiscating substantial metals commencing contaminated soil was A. niger, which had a maximum bioaccumulation efficiency of 98% (Cd) and 43% (Cr). Biosensor bacteria are both environmentally sustainable and cost-effective. As a result, microbes have a range of metal absorption processes that allow them to have higher metal biosorption capabilities. Additionally, the biosorption potential of bacterium, fungus, biofilm, and algae, inherently handled microorganisms that immobilized microbial cells for the elimination of heavy metals, was reviewed in this study. Furthermore, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities associated with producing effective heavy metal removal techniques, such as those that employ different types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Maqsood
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Mumtaz
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico.
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12
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Singh DV, Upadhyay AK, Singh R, Singh DP. Microalgal competence in urban wastewater management: phycoremediation and lipid production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:831-841. [PMID: 34748446 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1979463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the strain aptness, phycoremediation potential and lipid yield in microalgae Chloroccocum humicola and Oscillatoria sp. Results revealed that microalgae treated with different concentration of wastewater (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) recovered nutrients (Nitrogen: 50.55-85.90%, Phosphorus: 69.98-93.72%) and removed heavy metals (24.17-88.10%) from wastewater. Microalgae C. humicola showed significant reduction in physico-chemical parameters of wastewater at 25% and 50% respectively with considerable increase in lipid production (1.61 folds) at 50% wastewater concentration. In order to counterbalance the wastewater induced toxicity, both microalgae exhibited stimulated antioxidants viz., proline (1.26-4.04 folds), ascorbic acid (1.01-9.21 folds), cysteine (1.44-4.92 folds), catalase (0.99-3.63 folds), superoxide dismutase (1.15-1.43 folds) and glutathione reductase (1.43-6.67 folds) at different wastewater concentrations. Further, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy spectral elucidation of Chloroccocum humicola at 50% reflected high lipid peak in the regions 3000-2800 cm-1 as compared to Oscillatoria sp. Thus, growth characteristics, biochemical responses and lipid yield presented the suitability of the Chloroccocum humicola to be used in phycoremedation, resource recovery as well as lipid production, which may be further utilized as potent feedstock for third generation energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dig Vijay Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - A K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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13
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Manikandan A, Suresh Babu P, Shyamalagowri S, Kamaraj M, Muthukumaran P, Aravind J. Emerging role of microalgae in heavy metal bioremediation. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:330-347. [PMID: 34724223 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have been publicized for their diversified dominance responsiveness and bioaccumulation potential toward pollutants in an ecosystem. Also, algal's incredible capability as biocatalysts in environmental appliances has been well elucidated owing to their robustness and simple nutritional demand. Additionally, microalgae can deliver various collections of bio-based chemical compounds helpful for diversified applications, especially as green alternatives. The environment has been contaminated with various polluting agents; one principal polluting agent is heavy metals which are carcinogenic and show toxicity even in minimal quantity, cause unsatisfactory threats to the environmental ecosystem, including human and animal health. There is a prominent tendency to apply microalgae in the phytoremediation of heavy metals compounds because of its vast benefits, including great accessibility, cost-effective, excellent toxic metal eliminating efficiency, and nontoxic to the ecosystem. This review uncovers the most recent advancements and mechanisms associated with the bioremediation process and biosorption interaction of substantial harmful synthetic compounds processing microalgae species. Furthermore, future challenges and prospects in the utilization of microalgae in heavy metals bioremediation are also explored. The current review aims to give valuable information to aid the advancement of robust and proficient future microalgae-based heavy metal bioremediation innovations and summarizing a wide range of benefits socioeconomic scope to be employed in heavy metal compound removal in environment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Manikandan
- Industrial Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Suresh Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Murugesan Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Peraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jeyaseelan Aravind
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Research, Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Kamalapuram Sikkanampatty, Omalur, Salem, India
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14
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León-Vaz A, León R, Giráldez I, Vega JM, Vigara J. Impact of heavy metals in the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana and assessment of its potential use in cadmium bioremediation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105941. [PMID: 34469852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyte microalga Chlorella sorokiniana was tested for the bioremediation of heavy metals pollution. It was cultured with different concentrations of Cu2+, Cd2+, As (III) and As (V), showing a significant inhibition on its growth at concentrations of 500 µM Cu2+, 250 µM Cd2+, 750 µM AsO33- and 5 mM AsO43- or higher. Moreover, the consumption of ammonium was also studied, showing significant differences for concentrations higher than 1 mM of Cu2+ and As (III), and 5 mM of As (V). The determination of intracellular heavy metals concentration revealed that Chlorella sorokiniana is an outstanding Cd accumulator organism, able to accumulate 11,232 mg kg-1 of Cd, and removing 65% of initial concentration of this heavy metal. Finally, antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and enzymes involved in the production of glutamate and cysteine, such as glutamine syntethase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) were studied both at gene expression and enzymatic activity levels. These enzymes exhibited different grades of upregulation, especially in response to Cd and As stress. However, GS expression was downregulated when Chlorella sorokiniana was cultured in the presence of these heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Giráldez
- Department of Chemistry. Research Center in Technology of Products and Chemical Processes, PRO2TECS. University of Huelva. Campus el Carmen s/n 210071, Huelva, Spain
| | - José María Vega
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071 Huelva, Spain.
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15
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Arsenate and arsenite-induced inhibition and recovery in two diazotrophic cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp.: study on time-dependent toxicity regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51088-51104. [PMID: 33974205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure time, metal bio-accumulation, and upregulation of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle are the key factor that provide tolerance against heavy metal stress. Thus, the current study is an endeavor to prove our hypothesis that regulation of arsenate (AsV: 50, 100, and 150 mM) and arsenite (AsIII: 50, 100, and 150 μM) toxicity is time dependent (48-96 h) due to modulation in bio-accumulation pattern, AsA-GSH cycle, and non-enzymatic antioxidants in two paddy field cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum ATCC27893 and Anabaena sp. PCC7120. After 48 h, reduction in growth associated with increased sensitivity index, As bio-accumulation, and oxidative stress was observed which further intensified after 96 h but the degree of damage was lesser than 48 h. It denotes a significant recovery in growth after 96 h which is correlated with decreased As bio-accumulation and oxidative stress due to increased efficiency of AsA-GSH cycle and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Both the species of As caused significant rise in oxidative biomarkers as evident by in -vitro analysis of O2·-, H2O2, and MDA equivalent contents despite appreciable rise in the activity antioxidative enzymes APX, DHAR, and GR. The study concludes that among both forms of arsenic, AsIII induced more toxic effect on growth by over-accumulating the ROS as evident by weak induction of AsA-GSH cycle to overcome the stress as compared to AsV. Further, with increasing the time exposure, apparent recovery was noticed with the lower doses of AsV, i.e., 50 and 100 mM and AsIII, i.e., 50 and 100 μM; however, the toxicity further aggravated with higher dose of both AsV and AsIII. Study proposes the deleterious impact of AsV and AsIII on cyanobacteria N. muscorum and Anabaena sp. but the toxicity was overcome by time-dependent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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16
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Sharma P, Sirohi R, Tong YW, Kim SH, Pandey A. Metal and metal(loids) removal efficiency using genetically engineered microbes: Applications and challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125855. [PMID: 34492804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment is being polluted in different many with metal and metalloid pollution, mostly due to anthropogenic activity, which is directly affecting human and environmental health. Metals and metalloids are highly toxic at low concentrations and contribute primarily to the survival equilibrium of activities in the environment. However, because of non-degradable, they persist in nature and these metal and metalloids bioaccumulate in the food chain. Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) mediated techniques for the removal of metals and metalloids are considered an environmentally safe and economically feasible strategy. Various forms of GEMs, including fungi, algae, and bacteria have been produced by recombinant DNA and RNA technologies, which have been used to eliminate metal and metalloids compounds from the polluted areas. Besides, GEMs have the potentiality to produce enzymes and other metabolites that are capable of tolerating metals stress and detoxify the pollutants. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the use of GEMs as advanced tools to produce metabolites, signaling molecules, proteins through genetic expression during metal and metalloids interaction, which help in the breakdown of persistent pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Hyoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Effect of Time Interval on Arsenic Toxicity to Paddy Field Cyanobacteria as Evident by Nitrogen Metabolism, Biochemical Constituent, and Exopolysaccharide Content. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2031-2046. [PMID: 32767030 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning in aquatic ecosystem is a global concern that obstructs the productivity of agricultural lands (paddy fields) by targeting the growth of cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria also tolerate and accumulate elevated concentration of arsenic (As) inside the cell and excrete out from cells in less toxic forms after the successive time interval. Thus to validate this, the study was carried out at two different time intervals, i.e., 48 h and 96 h. Two redox forms of As arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mM AsV; 50, 100, and 150 μM AsIII) caused substantial reduction in growth, pigments (Chl a/Car and phycobiliproteins: phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin), inorganic nitrogen ( nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-)) uptake, activity of enzymes (NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT) of nitrogen metabolism, biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrate, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) contents of Nostoc muscorum, and Anabaena sp. PCC7120. The tested doses of AsV and AsIII after 48 h of exposure exhibited adverse impact on these parameters, but after 96 h with lower doses of AsV (50 mM and 100 mM) and AsIII (50 μM and 100 μM), significant recovery was recorded. Contrary to this, at higher dose of AsV (150 mM) and AsIII (150 μM), the adverse impact was further aggravated with increasing time exposure. Contrary to the activity of NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT, GDH activity (alternative NH3+ assimilating enzyme) was found to increase, and after 96 h, the activity showed declining trend but still higher than the control. The biochemical constituent EPS (first protective barrier) under scanning electron microscope showed more accumulation of dry adsorbent in the case of AsIII stress hence displayed more toxic nature of AsIII than AsV. The study concludes that with increasing time exposure, the recovery in growth and related parameters mainly at lower doses of AsV and AsIII points toward adaptability of cyanobacteria which was more pronounced in Nostoc muscorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
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18
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Aguilar-Ruiz RJ, Martínez-Macias MDR, Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, Dévora-Isiordia GE, Nateras-Ramírez O. Removal of copper improves the lipid content in Nannochloropsis oculata culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44195-44204. [PMID: 32761347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining is an important activity for the economic development of many countries. However, this activity produces toxic residues that pollute water and the environment. The heavy metal removal from effluents of acid mine water is crucial to avoid environmental pollution. The microalga Nannochloropsis oculata was cultured in algal medium, with the addition of 1.16, 1.74, 2.32, 3.48, and 4.64 mg Cu2+ L-1 coming from acid mine water to assess its removal capacity and the effect of copper content on the cell density and lipid productivity. The results showed that N. oculata removed up to 94.88 ± 0.43% at copper concentration than 1.74 mg Cu2+ L-1; additionally, a positive effect on the lipid content was found at copper concentration to be higher, 4.64 mg Cu2+ L-1, yielding 77.04 ± 2.60% of lipid content, twice as high as that achieved in the control culture of 33.058 ± 5.398%, thus potentiating the biodiesel production. These findings are favorable because they indicate that microalgae can remove copper added in the culture and present in acid mine water and can yield high lipid content at the same time. The cell density and growth rate decreased with increased concentrations of copper in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Janeth Aguilar-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85100, Cd. Obregon Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Dalia Isabel Sánchez-Machado
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85100, Cd. Obregon Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jaime López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85100, Cd. Obregon Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Omar Nateras-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85100, Cd. Obregon Sonora, Mexico
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19
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Chakraborty S, Mishra AK. Mitigation of zinc toxicity through differential strategies in two species of the cyanobacterium Anabaena isolated from zinc polluted paddy field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114375. [PMID: 32220689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of zinc tolerance in two heterocytous cyanobacteria i.e. Anabaena doliolum and Anabaena oryzae, treated with their respective LC50 concentrations of zinc (3 and 4.5 mg L-1) for eight days. The feedbacks were examined in terms of growth, metabolism, zinc exclusion, zinc accumulation, oxidative stress, antioxidants and metallothionein contents. Although the growth and metabolic activities were reduced in both the cyanobacterium, maximum adversity was noticed in A. doliolum. The higher order of abnormalities in A. doliolum was attributed to excessive accumulation of zinc and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the comparatively higher growth and metabolic activities of A. oryzae were ascribed to the lower accumulation of zinc as a result of released polysaccharides mediated zinc exclusion, synthesis of zinc chelating metallothioneins and subsequent less production of ROS. The oxidative stress and macromolecular damages were prominent in both the cyanobacterium but the condition was much harsher in A. doliolum which may be explained by its comparatively low antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, APX and GR) and smaller amount of ascorbate-glutathione-tocopherol contents than that of A. oryzae. However, sustenance of 50% growth by A. doliolum under zinc stress despite severe cellular damages was attributed to the enhanced synthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, and proline. Thus, differential zinc tolerance in A. doliolum and A. oryzae is possibly the outcome of their distinct mitigation strategies. Although the two test organisms followed pseudo second order kinetics model during zinc biosorption yet they exhibited differential zinc biosorption capacity. The cyanobacterium A. oryzae was found to be more efficient in removing zinc as compared to A. doliolum and this efficiency makes A. oryzae a promising candidate for the phycoremediation of zinc polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun K Mishra
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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20
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Chen S, Zhang W, Li J, Yuan M, Zhang J, Xu F, Xu H, Zheng X, Wang L. Ecotoxicological effects of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones and their removal by a green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and a cyanobacterium (Chrysosporum ovalisporum). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114554. [PMID: 32305800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become worse, especially in China. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects of four frequently used antibiotics with different lipophilic degrees (log Kow) (sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamethazine (SM2), enrofloxacin (ENR), and norfloxacin (NOR)) at four concentrations of 1, 5, 20, and 50 mg L-1 were examined using batch cultures of green alga Chlorella vulgaris and cyanobacterium Chrysosporum ovalisporum for 16 days based on changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (chl a, Fv/Fm, and ΦPSII) and responses of the antioxidant system. Besides, the antibiotics removal efficiencies of the two microalgae were investigated. Sulfonamides (SD and SM2) had no significant inhibitory effect on the growth of C. ovalisporum, but had an inhibitory effect on C. vulgaris, whereas fluoroquinolones (ENR and NOR) significantly inhibited C. ovalisporum. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase suggested that C. vulgaris was more tolerant to these antibiotics than C. ovalisporum. The increased malondialdehyde level in both algae indicated their tolerance against antibiotics. When compared with C. ovalisporum, C. vulgaris presented better capacity to remove antibiotics. In summary, the four antibiotics exerted time- or concentration-dependent ecotoxicological effects on the microalgae examined, whereas the microalgae could remove the antibiotics based on the log Kow of the antibiotics. The findings of this study contribute to effective understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of antibiotics and their removal by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Houtao Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Shanghai Aquatic Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Sulfonamides-induced oxidative stress in freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris: Evaluation of growth, photosynthesis, antioxidants, ultrastructure, and nucleic acids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8243. [PMID: 32427937 PMCID: PMC7237458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SM1), and sulfamethazine (SM2) are widely used and disorderly discharged into surface water, causing contamination of lakes and rivers. However, microalgae are regard as a potential resource to alleviate and degrade antibiotic pollution. The physiological changes of Chlorella vulgaris in the presence of three sulfonamides (SAs) with varying numbers of –CH3 groups and its SA-removal efficiency were investigated following a 7-day exposure experiment. Our results showed that the growth inhibitory effect of SD (7.9–22.6%), SM1 (7.2–45.9%), and SM2 (10.3–44%) resulted in increased proteins and decreased soluble sugars. Oxidative stress caused an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels but decreased catalase level. The antioxidant responses were insufficient to cope-up with reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion) levels and prevent oxidative damage (malondialdehyde level). The ultrastructure and DNA of SA-treated algal cells were affected, as evident from the considerable changes in the cell wall, chloroplast, and mitochondrion, and DNA migration. C. vulgaris-mediated was able to remove up to 29% of SD, 16% of SM1, and 15% of SM2. Our results suggest that certain concentrations of specific antibiotics may induce algal growth, and algal-mediated biodegradation process can accelerate the removal of antibiotic contamination.
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Leong YK, Chang JS. Bioremediation of heavy metals using microalgae: Recent advances and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122886. [PMID: 32046940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Five heavy metals namely, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are carcinogenic and show toxicity even at trace amounts, posing threats to environmental ecology and human health. There is an emerging trend of employing microalgae in phycoremediation of heavy metals, due to several benefits including abundant availability, inexpensive, excellent metal removal efficiency and eco-friendly nature. This review presents the recent advances and mechanisms involved in bioremediation and biosorption of these toxic heavy metals utilizing microalgae. Tolerance and response of different microalgae strains to heavy metals and their bioaccumulation capability with value-added by-products formation as well as utilization of non-living biomass as biosorbents are discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future prospects in bioremediation of heavy metals by microalgae are also explored. This review aims to provide useful insights to help future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for microalgae-based heavy metal bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Patel AK, Choi YY, Sim SJ. Emerging prospects of mixotrophic microalgae: Way forward to sustainable bioprocess for environmental remediation and cost-effective biofuels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122741. [PMID: 31956058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algal bioremediation becoming most fascinating to produce biomass as biofuels feedstock while remediating wastes, also improving carbon-footprint through carbon capturing and utilization (CCU) technology. Non-algae process however offers effective treatment but metabolic CO2 emission is major drawback towards sustainable bioprocess. Mixotrophic cultivation strategy (MCS) enables to treat organic and inorganic wastes which broadly extend microalgae application towards cleaner and sustainable bioeconomy. Latest focus of global think-tanks to encourage bioprocess holding promise of sustainability via CCU ability as important trait. Several high CO2 emitting industries forced to improve their carbon-footprints. MCS driven microalgae treatment could be best solution for those industries. This review covers recent updates on MCS applications for waste-to-value (biofuels) and environment remediation. Moreover, recommendations to fill knowledge gaps, and commercial algal biofuel could be cost-effectiveness and sustainable technology for biocircular economy if fuelled by waste streams from other industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Singh R, Upadhyay A, Singh DV, Singh JS, Singh D. Photosynthetic performance, nutrient status and lipid yield of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum humicola under UV-B exposure. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Singh R, Upadhyay AK, Chandra P, Singh DP. Sodium chloride incites reactive oxygen species in green algae Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris: Implication on lipid synthesis, mineral nutrients and antioxidant system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:489-497. [PMID: 30245319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, microalgae Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris were grown in different concentrations of NaCl (25-1000 mM) to elucidate its impact on morphology, lipid synthesis, minerals status and antioxidative responses. Scanning Electron microscopy showed distorted cell morphology and increased cell size by 33.52% (C. humicola) and 27.79% (C. vulgaris) at 100 mM NaCl. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy data revealed reduction in mineral contents (C, S, Fe, Mg, Si, Mn and Zn) by 14-54% in both algae. Further, C. humicola was found to have high lipid content than C. vulgaris under NaCl regime. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase were increased by 2.5-5 folds in both algae as compared to control. The increased level of ascorbate, cysteine and proline in both algae indicated tolerance against salinity. Thus, C. humicola and C. vulgaris may exhibit dual benefits viz., high lipid production and reclamation of sodic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - A K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - P Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India.
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27
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Hare V, Chowdhary P, Baghel VS. Influence of bacterial strains on Oryza sativa grown under arsenic tainted soil: Accumulation and detoxification response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:93-102. [PMID: 28850869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to study the role of bacterial inoculants in growth, accumulation and tolerance responses in rice grown in arsenic (As) contaminated soil. Results revealed that out of five isolated bacterial strains, strain BBAU/MMM1 (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University/Mari Matamandir) exhibited resistant to As(III) to the level of 400 μM As(III) in comparison to other strain which showed toxicity. The isolated strain BBAU/MMM1 1was characterized as gram negative, rod shape, showed positive test nitrate, citrate, catalase and phosphate solubilization with high production of IAA and siderophore. Arsenic treated rice seedlings supplemented with bacterial inoculants BBAU/MMM1 showed increased growth characteristics viz., root length (35.41%), shoot length (32.8%) and fresh weight (30.31%) in comparison to rice treated with As(III) only. In addition, reduced lipid peroxidation and induces cysteine, GSH (reduced glutathione), GSSG (Oxidized glutathione) and antioxidant enzymatic activities were also observed in bacterial supplemented rice seedlings. Further, reduced metal accumulation in root (1351.46-968.67 μg g-1fw), shoot (488.01-378.02 μg g-1fw) and reduced translocation factor (0.583-0.390) in As(III) treated rice seedlings inoculated with bacterial strains clearly reflect protective response of bacterial strain against As toxicity. Thus, isolated bacterial strain could be used as bioremediator as well as growth inducer in paddy field contaminated with arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishvas Hare
- Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Singh Baghel
- Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hess D, Napan K, McNeil BT, Torres EM, Guy T, McLean JE, Quinn JC. Quantification of effects of flue gas derived inorganic contaminants on microalgae growth system and end fate of contaminants. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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