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Valentin MT, Białowiec A. Impact of using glucose as a sole carbon source to analyze the effect of biochar on the kinetics of biomethane production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8656. [PMID: 38622318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of biochar in anaerobic digestion (AD) positively influences the conversion of substrate to biomethane and promotes system stability. This study investigated the influence of biochar (BC) doses (0 to 8 g/L) on the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of glucose during a 60-day AD in a mesophilic batch-type reactor. The first 6.5 weeks of the experimentation were dedicated to the microorganism's adaptation to the biochar and degradation of organics from the used inoculum (3 phases of the glucose feeding). The last 2 weeks (4th phase of glucose feeding) represented the assumption, that glucose is the sole carbon source in the system. A machine learning model based on the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method was used to model the cumulative BMP. The results showed that the BMP increased with the amount of BC added. The highest BMP was obtained at a dose of 8 g/L, with a maximum cumulative BMP of 390.33 mL CH4/g-VS added. Likewise, the system showed stability in the pH (7.17 to 8.17). In contrast, non-amended reactors produced only 135.06 mL CH4/g-VS and became acidic at the end of the operation. Reducing the influence of carbon from inoculum, sharpened the positive effect of BC on the kinetics of biomethane production from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin T Valentin
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Science and Technology, Engineering and Industrial Research, National Research Council of the Philippines, Taguig, Philippines
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Benguet State University, Km. 5, La Trinidad, 2601, Benguet, Philippines
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630, Wroclaw, Poland.
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2
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Tang T, Wang Y, Zhao X. New insights into antibiotic stimulation of methane production during anaerobic digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140785. [PMID: 38016524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Residual antibiotics in swine wastewater pose a critical challenge for stable anaerobic digestion (AD). This study offers fresh insights into the anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater. The results showed that the presence of three typical antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP)) in swine wastewater could promote methane production by stimulating the production and conversion of ethanol. Among them, SMX exhibited the strongest methane promotion effect, with the cumulative methane production increasing from 138.47 to 2204.19 mL/g VS. According to the microbial community structure, antibiotics could promote the growth of Corynebacterium, Lutispora and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanosassiliicoccus, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanobacterium), but inhibit the enrichment of acetoclastic methanogen (Methanosaeta). The relative abundance of Methanosaeta decreased from 2.93-19.80% to 0.52-2.58% under antibiotic stress. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the influence of different antibiotic types on methanogenic pathways. Specifically, OTC and CIP promoted the acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways, respectively, to enhance methane production. However, SMX could promote both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Tang
- Southwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute of China Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610084, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Southwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute of China Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610084, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Southwest Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute of China Co. Ltd., Chengdu, 610084, China
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3
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Periyavaram SR, K B, Uppala L, Reddy PHP. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste: Process parameters optimization and biomethane potential evaluation of process water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119132. [PMID: 37778071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is one of the major biomasses produced in large quantities in urban areas, which contributes to more than one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. FW must be properly managed to minimize its environmental consequences. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of FW is a promising technology compared to conventional methods. The objective of the present study is to maximize the mass yield (MY), higher heating value (HHV) and energy yield (EY) of FW by optimizing the operational variables of HTC process. Additionally, process water generated during HTC of FW under optimal conditions was evaluated for methane yield using anaerobic digestion. To optimize the HTC process, three operational variables, including solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio, temperature, and reaction time, were manipulated using response surface methodology (RSM). According to RSM studies, the optimum operating conditions are 198.5 °C for 150 min with a 0.2 S/L ratio, resulting in MY, HHV and EY as 62.5%, 21.24 MJ/kg and 81.71%, respectively. Proximate and elemental analysis for the hydrochars synthesized at various operating conditions reveals that the temperature and reaction time have a significant impact on fixed carbon and carbon percentage. The anaerobic digestion results showed that the combination of process water and hydrochar, yielded a maximum cumulative methane production of 298.5 ± 16.34 mL/g COD. To mimic methane production, the modified Gompertz model was utilized. Thus, this finding contributes towards the commercialization of the HTC process to produce solid fuel (hydrochar) and provides a way to find an alternative energy source that enhances the HTC process and tackles the problem of process water disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bella K
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Lavakumar Uppala
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - P Hari Prasad Reddy
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India.
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4
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Wu S, Wang Q, Fang M, Wu D, Cui D, Pan S, Bai J, Xu F, Wang Z. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165327. [PMID: 37419347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, food waste (FW) has become one of the most important organic solid wastes worldwide. Owing to the high moisture content of FW, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology that can directly utilize the moisture in FW as the reaction medium, is widely used. Under mild reaction conditions and short treatment cycle, this technology can effectively and stably convert high-moisture FW into environmentally friendly hydrochar fuel. In view of the importance of this topic, this study comprehensively reviews the research progress of HTC of FW for biofuel synthesis, and critically summarizes the process parameters, carbonization mechanism, and clean applications. Physicochemical properties and micromorphological evolution of hydrochar, hydrothermal chemical reactions of each model component, and potential risks of hydrochar as a fuel are highlighted. Furthermore, carbonization mechanism of the HTC treatment process of FW and the granulation mechanism of hydrochar are systematically reviewed. Finally, potential risks and knowledge gaps in the synthesis of hydrochar from FW are presented and new coupling technologies are pointed out, highlighting the challenges and prospects of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Minghui Fang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Da Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jingru Bai
- Engineering Research Centre of Oil Shale Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, PR China
| | - Faxing Xu
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhenye Wang
- Jilin Dongfei Solid Waste Research Institute, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China; Jilin Feite Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Jilin 132200, Jilin, PR China
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5
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Li Y, Xu H, Zhao Y, Yi X, Chen L, Jin F, Hua D. The integrated production of hydrochar and methane from lignocellulosic fermentative residue coupling hydrothermal carbonization with anaerobic digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139929. [PMID: 37633605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The popularization of large-scale biogas project makes the disposal of fermentative residue an urgent issue to be solved. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology is suitable for treating wet biomass to produce carbonaceous materials. In this study, the solid residue from the two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) was hydrothermally converted in the range of 180-240 °C, and the hydrochar and aqueous components were characterized for subsequent utilization. The heating values of hydrochar were indicated to be increased by 14.2% and 16.6% at 210 °C and 240 °C as compared with feedstock, and also the specific surface areas were 34.8 m2/g and 27.1 m2/g with 17.4- and 13.3-fold enhancement, respectively. The migration of elements such as S, Cl, K to aqueous phase was beneficial for fuel application. The mesoporous pores were dominant in hydrochars with ample oxygenated functional groups. In addition, the wastewater involved organic acids, phenols, and nitrogen-containing compounds, etc. Evaluating the biodegradability by AD, it was found that when the initial concentration was ≤8 g COD/L, the maximum methane yields up to 275.9 mL CH4/g CODremoval and 277.6 mL CH4/g CODremoval were obtained. The enhanced toxicity/inhibition of representative pollutants on microorganisms was significant at higher organic loading, which could be indicated in the microbial structure and diversity. As a conclusion, the integrated production of hydrochar and methane will provide an extended route for further processing of lignocellulosic fermentative residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaolu Yi
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fuqiang Jin
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Dongliang Hua
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Valentin MT, Świechowski K, Białowiec A. Influence of Pre-Incubation of Inoculum with Biochar on Anaerobic Digestion Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6655. [PMID: 37895637 PMCID: PMC10608094 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar as an additive to enhance the anaerobic digestion (AD) of biomass has been extensively studied from various perspectives. This study reported, for the first time, the influence of biochar incubation in the inoculum on the anaerobic fermentation of glucose in a batch-type reactor over 20 days. Three groups of inoculum with the same characteristics were pre-mixed once with biochar for different durations: 21 days (D21), 10 days (D10), and 0 days (D0). The BC was mixed in the inoculum at a concentration of 8.0 g/L. The proportion of the inoculum and substrate was adjusted to an inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 2.0 based on the volatile solids. The results of the experiment revealed that D21 had the highest cumulative methane yield, of 348.98 mL, compared to 322.66, 290.05, and 25.15 mL obtained from D10, D0, and the control, respectively. Three models-modified Gompertz, first-order, and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)-were used to interpret the biomethane production. All models showed promising fitting of the cumulative biomethane production, as indicated by high R2 and low RMSE values. Among these models, the ARIMA model exhibited the closest fit to the actual data. The biomethane production rate, derived from the modified Gompertz Model, increased as the incubation period increased, with D21 yielding the highest rate of 31.13 mL/gVS. This study suggests that the application of biochar in the anaerobic fermentation of glucose, particularly considering the short incubation period, holds significant potential for improving the overall performance of anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin T. Valentin
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland or (M.T.V.); (K.Ś.)
- Benguet State University, Km. 5, La Trinidad, Benguet 2601, Philippines
| | - Kacper Świechowski
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland or (M.T.V.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland or (M.T.V.); (K.Ś.)
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7
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Cavali M, Benbelkacem H, Kim B, Bayard R, Libardi Junior N, Gonzaga Domingos D, Woiciechowski AL, Castilhos Junior ABD. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pine residual sawdust and non-dewatered sewage sludge - effect of reaction conditions on hydrochar characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117994. [PMID: 37119630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste valorization is mandatory to develop and consolidate a circular bioeconomy. It is necessary to search for appropriate processes to add value to different wastes by utilizing them as feedstocks to provide energy, chemicals, and materials. For instance, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an alternative thermochemical process that has been suggested for waste valorization aiming at hydrochar production. Thus, this study proposed the Co-HTC of pine residual sawdust (PRS) with non-dewatered sewage sludge (SS) - two wastes largely produced in sawmills and wastewater treatment plants, respectively - without adding extra water. The influence of temperature (180, 215, and 250 °C), reaction time (1, 2, and 3 h), and PRS/SS mass ratio (1/30, 1/20, and 1/10) on the yield and characteristics of the hydrochar were evaluated. The hydrochars obtained at 250 °C had the best coalification degree, showing the highest fuel ratio, high heating value (HHV), surface area, and N, P, and K retention, although presenting the lowest yields. Conversely, hydrochar functional groups were generally reduced by increasing Co-HTC temperatures. Regarding the Co-HTC effluent, it presented acidic pH (3.66-4.39) and high COD values (6.2-17.3 g·L-1). In general, this new approach could be a promising alternative to conventional HTC, in which a high amount of extra water is required. Besides, the Co-HTC process can be an option for managing lignocellulosic wastes and sewage sludges while producing hydrochar. This carbonaceous material has the potential for several applications, and its production is a step towards a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Boram Kim
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, EA 7429, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémy Bayard
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, DEEP, EA 7429, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Dayane Gonzaga Domingos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 81531-908, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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8
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Xu Q, Yang G, Liu X, Wong JWC, Zhao J. Hydrochar mediated anaerobic digestion of bio-wastes: Advances, mechanisms and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163829. [PMID: 37121315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-wastes treatment and disposal has become a challenge because of their increasing output. Given the abundant organic matter in bio-wastes, its related resource treatment methods have received more and more attention. As a promising strategy, anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used in the treatment of bio-wastes, during which not only methane as energy can be recovered but also their reduction can be achieved. However, AD process is generally disturbed by some internal factors (e.g., low hydrolysis efficiency and accumulated ammonia) and external factors (e.g., input pollutants), resulting in unstable AD operation performance. Recently, hydrochar was wildly found to improve AD performance when added to AD systems. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress on the performance of hydrochar-mediated AD, such as increased methane yield, improved operation efficiency and digestate dewatering, and reduced heavy metals in digestate. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms of hydrochar promoting AD were systematically elucidated and discussed, including regulation of electron transfer (ET) mode, microbial community structure, bio-processes involved in AD, and reaction conditions. Moreover, the effects of properties of hydrochar (e.g., feedstock, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) temperature, HTC time, modification and dosage) on the improvement of AD performance are systematically concluded. Finally, the relevant knowledge gaps and opportunities to be studied are presented to improve the progress and application of the hydrochar-mediated AD technology. This review aims to offer some references and directions for the hydrochar-mediated AD technology in improving bio-wastes resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Xuran Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Cavali M, Libardi Junior N, de Sena JD, Woiciechowski AL, Soccol CR, Belli Filho P, Bayard R, Benbelkacem H, de Castilhos Junior AB. A review on hydrothermal carbonization of potential biomass wastes, characterization and environmental applications of hydrochar, and biorefinery perspectives of the process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159627. [PMID: 36280070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to search for appropriate processes to convert wastes into energy, chemicals, and materials to establish a circular bio-economy toward sustainable development. Concerning waste biomass valorization, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising route given its advantages over other thermochemical processes. From that perspective, this article reviewed the HTC of potential biomass wastes, the characterization and environmental utilization of hydrochar, and the biorefinery potential of this process. Crop and forestry residues and sewage sludge are two categories of biomass wastes (lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic, respectively) readily available for HTC or even co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC). The temperature, reaction time, and solid-to-liquid ratio utilized in HTC/Co-HTC of those biomass wastes were reported to range from 140 to 370 °C, 0.05 to 48 h, and 1/47 to 1/1, respectively, providing hydrochar yields of up to 94 % according to the process conditions. Hydrochar characterization by different techniques to determine its physicochemical properties is crucial to defining the best applications for this material. In the environmental field, hydrochar might be suitable for removing pollutants from aqueous systems, ameliorating soils, adsorbing atmospheric pollutants, working as an energy carrier, and performing carbon sequestration. But this material could also be employed in other areas (e.g., catalysis). Regarding the effluent from HTC/Co-HTC, this byproduct has the potential for serving as feedstock in other processes, such as anaerobic digestion and microalgae cultivation. These opportunities have aroused the industry interest in HTC since 2010, and the number of industrial-scale HTC plants and patent document applications has increased. The hydrochar patents are concentrated in China (77.6 %), the United States (10.6 %), the Republic of Korea (3.5 %), and Germany (3.5 %). Therefore, considering the possibilities of converting their product (hydrochar) and byproduct (effluent) into energy, chemicals, and materials, HTC or Co-HTC could work as the first step of a biorefinery. And this approach would completely agree with circular bioeconomy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Dutra de Sena
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-908 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-908 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Belli Filho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rémy Bayard
- DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions) Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hassen Benbelkacem
- DEEP (Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions) Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Rout PR, Goel M, Pandey DS, Briggs C, Sundramurthy VP, Halder N, Mohanty A, Mukherjee S, Varjani S. Technological advancements in valorisation of industrial effluents employing hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Strategic innovations, barriers and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120667. [PMID: 36395914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is identified as a promising thermochemical technique to recover biofuels and bioenergy from waste biomass containing low energy and high moisture content. The wastewater generated during the HTL process (HTWW) are rich in nutrients and organics. The release of the nutrients and organics enriched HTWW would not only contaminate the water bodies but also lead to the loss of valued bioenergy sources, especially in the present time of the energy crisis. Thus, biotechnological as well as physicochemical treatment of HTWW for simultaneous extraction of valuable resources along with reduction in polluting substances has gained significant attention in recent times. Therefore, the treatment of wastewater generated during the HTL of biomass for reduced environmental emission and possible bioenergy recovery is highlighted in this paper. Various technologies for treatment and valorisation of HTWW are reviewed, including anaerobic digestion, microbial fuel cells (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). This review paper illustrates that the characteristics of biomass play a pivotal role in the selection process of appropriate technology for the treatment of HTWW. Several HTWW treatment technologies are weighed in terms of their benefits and drawbacks and are thoroughly examined. The integration of these technologies is also discussed. Overall, this study suggests that integrating different methods, techno-economic analysis, and nutrient recovery approaches would be advantageous to researchers in finding way for maximising HTWW valorisation along with reduced environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangya Ranjan Rout
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Goel
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Center for Rural Development and Innovative Sustainable Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Caitlin Briggs
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nirmalya Halder
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Anee Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India.
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11
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He L, Wang B, Cui H, Yang S, Wang Y, Feng Y, Sun X, Feng Y. Clay-hydrochar composites return to cadmium contaminated paddy soil: Reduced Cd accumulation in rice seed and affected soil microbiome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155542. [PMID: 35489518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excess cadmium (Cd) in rice precipitated by Cd contamination in paddy soils is a global human health threat and rational response is urgently needed. In this study, attapulgite-modified hydrochar (CA) and the montmorillonite-modified hydrochar (CM) were utilized in Cd-contaminated paddy soils at 0.5% (w/w) and 1% (w/w) application rates to investigate the effects of these clay-hydrochar composites on rice growth and soil Cd availability. The results show that the utility of CA and CM resulted in a significant increase in rice yield, especially at 1% application rate, which extended rice yield by 46.7-50.0% compared to 0.5% application rate. This is related to the Cd fixation and nutrient sequestration of the acidic functional groups on the surface of CA and CM. Additionally, CA-1% and CM-1% reduced the Cd concentration in rice seeds by 26.9-28.1% relative to the control. Notably, CA-1% showed the capacity to passivate Cd at the early stage of rice transplanting, lowering the proportion of Cd in the ion exchange state by 41.6% compared to the control, and this passivation effect persisted until the late stage of transplanted rice. The soil microbial community consequences showed that CA and CM did not significantly change the horizontal composition of the soil bacterial phylum and species diversity, indicating that CA and CM had excessive soil microbial adaptability. Moreover, results of correlation and Canonical Correspondence Analysis confirm that microbial genera responded significantly to the soil Cd morphologies, revealing the importance of CA and CM in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils by influencing microorganisms. Our findings provide clay-hydrochar composites as a low-cost approach to effectively mitigate soil Cd contamination and improve the security and quality of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Shengmao Yang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Engineering Research Center of Biochar of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Combined Farming and Raising, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group, Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 5150, Australia.
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Combined Farming and Raising, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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12
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Li Y, Yang X, Zhu M, Dong L, Jiang H, Xu Q, Zhou H, Han Y, Feng L, Li C. Synergistic effect of combined hydrothermal carbonization of Fenton's reagent and biomass enhances the adsorption and combustion characteristics of sludge towards eco-friendly and efficient sludge treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153854. [PMID: 35189214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amount of lignocellulose biomass and sludge is enormous, so it is of great significance to find a treatment combining the two substances. Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) has emerged as an efficient approach to dispose sludge. However, the improvement of sludge upgrading and combustion performance remains an important challenge during the Co-HTC of sludge. In this work, the Co-HTC of sludge and Fenton's reagent at different mixing ratios was proposed to achieve sludge reduction. Moreover, the addition of two kinds of biomass improved the adsorption capacity and combustion performance of hydrochars. When sludge and sawdust were the Co-HTC at the mass ratio of 1:3, the liquid phase Pb concentration decreased notably to 18.06%. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of hydrochars was further improved by modification, which was in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Particularly, the hydrochars derived from the Co-HTC had higher heating value (HHV) and could be used as a clean fuel. This study proposed a new technical route of combining the HTC with Fenton's reagent and lignocellulose biomass, which could be served as a cleaner and eco-friendly treatment of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xingru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yongming Han
- College of Information Science & Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Chengfei Li
- Faculty of intelligent manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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13
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Ghasemzadeh R, Abdoli MA, Bozorg-Haddad O, Pazoki M. Optimizing the effect of hydrochar on anaerobic digestion of organic fraction municipal solid waste for biogas and methane production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:29-39. [PMID: 35669808 PMCID: PMC9163232 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the biological waste treatment method for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). AD is notable for its ability to reduce volume and produce biogas from waste. However, the conventional AD of OFMSW has a low degradation rate. In recent years, some treatment method has been used to promote the biogas and methane production of AD. One of these methods is hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) temperature and hydrochar: OFMSW ratio as factors on biogas production, methane production, and methane content of anaerobic digestion (AD) as responses was investigated. METHODS This study determined the biomethane potential of raw and pretreated OFMSW (hydrochars) in 118 ml serum glass bottles. Based on the Hansen method, all tests were conducted at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1 °C) in an incubator for 45 days. The response surface method and central composite model were used for designing experimental conditions. Quadratic models were used to estimate the correlation between factors and responses. Also, the optimal conditions for maximizing responses were determined. RESULTS Biogas production of mixing hydrochar and OFMSW was 41% more than control groups which contained OFMSW and inoculum. The optimal operating conditions to maximize all responses were applied in HTC temperature and hydrochar: OFMSW ratio of 179.366 °C and 2.406, respectively. In this condition, the maximum biogas production, methane production, and methane content were 394 mL/g VS, 284.351 mL/g VS, and 73.176%, respectively. CONCLUSION As an OFMSW HTC pretreatment for AD, hydrochar additive has a significantly positive and negative effect on biogas production, methane production, and methane content of biogas depending on operating conditions. Therefore. It is necessary to consider the individual and interaction effects of the temperature and hydrochar: OFMSW ratio, obtain the optimal conditions and determine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghasemzadeh
- Faculty of Environment, College of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdoli
- Faculty of Environment, College of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Bozorg-Haddad
- Department of Irrigation & Reclamation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pazoki
- Faculty of Environment, College of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Cavali M, Libardi Junior N, Mohedano RDA, Belli Filho P, da Costa RHR, de Castilhos Junior AB. Biochar and hydrochar in the context of anaerobic digestion for a circular approach: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153614. [PMID: 35124030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and hydrochar are carbonaceous materials with valuable applications. They can be synthesized from a wide range of organic wastes, including digestate. Digestate is the byproduct of anaerobic digestion (AD), which is performed for bioenergy (biogas) production from organic residues. Through a thermochemical process, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization - HTC, digestate can be converted into biochar or hydrochar. The addition of either biochar or hydrochar in AD has been reported to improve biochemical reactions and microbial growth, increasing the buffer capacity, and facilitating direct interspecies electrons transfer (DIET), resulting in higher methane (CH4) yields. Both biochar and hydrochar can adsorb undesired compounds present in biogas, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and even siloxanes. However, an integrated understanding of biochar and hydrochar produced from digestate through their return to the AD process, as additives or as adsorbents for biogas purification, is yet to be attained to close the material flow loop in a circular economy model. Therefore, this overview aimed at addressing the integration of biochar and hydrochar production from digestate, their utilization as additives and effects on AD, and their potential to adsorb biogas contaminants. This integration is supported by life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, showing positive results when combining AD and the aforementioned thermochemical processes, although more LCA is still necessary. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) studies of the processes considered are also presented, and despite an expanding market of biochar and hydrochar, further TEA is required to verify the profitability of the proposed integration, given the specificities of each process design. Overall, the synthesis of biochar and hydrochar from digestate can contribute to improving the AD process, establishing a cyclic process that is in agreement with the circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cavali
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida Mohedano
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Belli Filho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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15
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Feng Y, Feng Y, Liu Q, Chen S, Hou P, Poinern G, Jiang Z, Fawcett D, Xue L, Lam SS, Xia C. How does biochar aging affect NH 3 volatilization and GHGs emissions from agricultural soils? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118598. [PMID: 34861331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been considered as a potential tool to mitigate soil ammonia (NH3) volatilization and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in recent years. However, the aging effect of biochar on soils remains elusive, which introduces uncertainty on the effectiveness of biochar to mitigate global warming in a long term. Here, a meta-analysis of 22 published works of literature with 217 observations was conducted to systematically explore the aging effect of biochar on soil NH3 and GHGs emissions. The results show that, in comparison with the fresh biochar, the aging makes biochar more effective to decrease soil NH3 volatilization by 7% and less risk to contribute CH4 emissions by 11%. However, the mitigation effect of biochar on soil N2O emissions is decreased by 15% due to aging. Additionally, aging leads to a promotion effect on soil CO2 emissions by 25% than fresh biochar. Our findings suggest that along with aging, particularly the effect of artificial aging, biochar could further benefit the alleviation of soil NH3 volatilization, whereas its potential role to mitigate global warming may decrease. This study provides a systematic assessment of the aging effect of biochar to mitigate soil NH3 and GHGs, which can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable green development of biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety / State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety / State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Pengfu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety / State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Gerrard Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Zhongtao Jiang
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Derek Fawcett
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group / Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 5150, Australia
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety / State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
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16
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Feng Y, Han L, Li D, Sun M, Wang X, Xue L, Poinern G, Feng Y, Xing B. Presence of microplastics alone and co-existence with hydrochar unexpectedly mitigate ammonia volatilization from rice paddy soil and affect structure of soil microbiome. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126831. [PMID: 34391973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging pollutant, may cause deleterious changes to the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, single impact of MPs and synergistic effects of MPs with hydrochar on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and soil microbiome in paddy fields has been largely unexplored. In this study, polyethylene (PE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and straw-derived hydrochar (HBC) were selected for observations in an entire rice cycle growth period. Results showed that under the condition of 0.5% (w/w) MPs concentration, presence of MPs alone and co-existence of MPs and HBC (MPs + HBC) unexpectedly mitigated cumulative NH3 volatilization from paddy soil compared with the control with no MPs or HBC addition. MPs + HBC increased NH3 volatilization by 37.8-46.2% compared with MPs alone, indicating that co-existence of MPs and HBC weaken the mitigation effect of MPs on NH3 volatilization. Additionally, results of nitrogen cycle related microorganisms closely related to NH3 volatilization demonstrated that MPs + HBC altered the bacterial community structure and species diversity. These findings provide an important opportunity to advance our understanding of the impacts of MPs in agricultural environment and soils, and provide a sound theoretical basis for rationalizing the application of HBC in soil with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 5150, Australia
| | - Lanfang Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Detian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Gerrard Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Innovation Nanotechnology Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 5150, Australia
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety/State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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17
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A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.
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18
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Li Y, Wang Z, Jiang Z, Feng L, Pan J, Zhu M, Ma C, Jing Z, Jiang H, Zhou H, Sun H, Liu H. Bio-based carbon materials with multiple functional groups and graphene structure to boost methane production from ethanol anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126353. [PMID: 34798256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of bio-based carbon materials on methane production by anaerobic digestion. The results showed that biochar and hydrochar can promote cumulative methane yield by 15% to 29%. However, there was no statistical significance (p > 0.05) between hydrochar and biochar produced at different temperature on methane production. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that biochar and hydrochar enriched microorganism that might participate in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) such as Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Clostridiaceae. The the surface properties of the modified biochar were characterized with BET, Raman, FTIR and XPS. Bio-based carbon materials with uniform dispersion provided a stable environment for the DIET of microorganisms and electrons are transferred through aromatic functional groups on the surface of materials. This study reveals bio-based carbon materials surface properties on methane production in anaerobic digestion and provides a new approach to recycling spent coffee grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhuoliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postbox 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Junting Pan
- Institute of Agriculutral Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Chengjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhangmu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agriculutral Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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19
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Murillo HA, Pagés-Díaz J, Díaz-Robles LA, Vallejo F, Huiliñir C. Valorization of oat husk by hydrothermal carbonization: Optimization of process parameters and anaerobic digestion of spent liquors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126112. [PMID: 34648962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) optimization of oat husk was performed using a response surface methodology. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion (AD) of spent liquor and hydrochar addition were evaluated in the biomethane potential (BMP) test. Results found that temperature influences the most in the studied responses (i.e., mass yield (MY) and higher heating value (HHV)). Optimal hydrochar MY (53.8%) and HHV (21.5 MJ/kg) were obtained for 219.2 °C, 30 min, and 0.08 of biomass/water ratio. A successful prediction capability of the optimization approach was observed, archiving an error < 1% between predicted and validated responses. The BMP experiment showed the feasibility of spent liquor as a potential substrate to be treated by AD (144 NmLCH4/gCOD). Hydrochar boosted the methane production of spent liquor increasing up to 17% compared to digestion with no hydrochar addition. These findings provide new insights regarding oat husk valorization by integrating HTC and AD for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman A Murillo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Programa Centro de Valorización de Residuos y Economía Circular, Chile
| | - Jhosané Pagés-Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Luis A Díaz-Robles
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Programa Centro de Valorización de Residuos y Economía Circular, Chile.
| | - Fidel Vallejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Programa Centro de Valorización de Residuos y Economía Circular, Chile
| | - César Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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20
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Wu L, Wei W, Wang D, Ni BJ. Improving nutrients removal and energy recovery from wastes using hydrochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146980. [PMID: 33865133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an eco-friendly, flexible and efficient way to valorise wet solid wastes, producing a carbon-rich material named as hydrochar. Considerable efforts have been devoted to studying the feasibility of using hydrochar in waste management to achieve the goal of circular economy. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of hydrochar on energy recovery from anaerobic digestion (AD), nutrient reclamation, and wastewater treatment is currently lacking. To understand the influence of hydrochar type on its application, this review will firstly introduce the mechanisms and biomass treatment for hydrochar preparation. Most recent studies regarding the improvement of methane (CH4) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production after dosing hydrochar in anaerobic digesters are quantitatively summarized and deeply discussed. The potential of using various hydrochar as slow-fertilizer to support the growth of plants are analysed by providing quantitative data. The usage of hydrochar in remediating pollutants from wastewater as effective adsorbent is also evaluated. Based on the review, we also address the challenges and demonstrate the opportunities for the future application of hydrochar in waste management. Conclusively, this review will not only provide a systematic understanding of the up-to-date developments of improving the nutrients removal and energy recovery from wastes by using hydrochar but also several new directions for the application of hydrochar in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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21
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Ahmed M, Sartori F, Merzari F, Fiori L, Elagroudy S, Negm MS, Andreottola G. Anaerobic degradation of digestate based hydrothermal carbonization products in a continuous hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124971. [PMID: 33740584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the suitability of continuous hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter reactor for treating sewage and agro-industrial digestate hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products; hydrochar and HTC liquor (HTCL). The reactor was operated for 300 days under mesophilic conditions at different organic loading rates (OLR); maximum OLRs of 7.4 and 10 gCOD/L/d were reached while treating HTC liquor and slurry, respectively. 15 g/L hydrochar were added to the reactor as a supplement while treating HTCL solely thus increasing the biogas production up to 153%. The reactor was fed with HTCL and hydrochar with an increasing mixing ratio, and the co-digestion impact was dependent on hydrochar concentrations. The results of the study indicate that the hybrid fixed bed anaerobic filter reactor is a promising anaerobic digestion configuration for treating HTCL and overcoming the HTC upscaling challenges, and the suitability of digestate hydrochar utilization as supplement material for anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy; Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fabio Sartori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | | | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Sherien Elagroudy
- Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Egypt Solid Waste Management Center of Excellence, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaaban Negm
- Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Italy
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22
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Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.
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Nobre C, Alves O, Durão L, Şen A, Vilarinho C, Gonçalves M. Characterization of hydrochar and process water from the hydrothermal carbonization of Refuse Derived Fuel. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:303-313. [PMID: 33333468 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was used as a thermochemical conversion process to upgrade Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). The effect of process temperature (250 °C, 275 °C and 300 °C), residence time (30 min and 120 min), and RDF-to-water ratio (1:15 and 1:5) on the main characteristics of the produced hydrochars and process waters was assessed. The HTC process yielded hydrochars with enhanced fuel properties when compared to the original feedstock, namely higher carbon content and heating value. The hydrochars also presented reduced oxygen and ash contents. The hydrochar produced at 300 °C for 120 min presented the lowest ash content (3.3 wt%, db) whereas the highest heating value was found for the hydrochar obtained at 275 °C for 120 min (28.1 MJ/kg, db). The HTC process was also responsible for a significant reduction in chlorine concentration, showing dechlorination efficiencies between 69.2 and 77.9%. However, the HTC process generated acidic process waters with high COD values (maximum 27.2 gO2/L), which need to be further managed or valorized. Energy calculations were also performed, revealing that lower water amounts, lower temperatures, and longer residence times, represent optimal conditions for higher hydrochar yields and consequently good process efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Nobre
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center, Department of Science and Technology of Biomass, FCT- NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Octávio Alves
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center, Department of Science and Technology of Biomass, FCT- NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; VALORIZA, Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Luís Durão
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center, Department of Science and Technology of Biomass, FCT- NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; VALORIZA, Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Ali Şen
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cândida Vilarinho
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Center, Department of Science and Technology of Biomass, FCT- NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; VALORIZA, Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal
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Ayodele OO, Adekunle AE, Adesina AO, Pourianejad S, Zentner A, Dornack C. Stabilization of anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste using activated carbon of coffee ground biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124247. [PMID: 33254469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Process instability commonly encountered in anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of organic fractions of municipal solid wastes (OFMSWs) is addressed by utilizing hydrochar (CB-HTC) and activated hydrochar (ACB-HTC) derived from coffee ground biomass. Addition of CB-HTC or ACB-HTC shortened the lag phase resulting in high biogas yield of 68.57 Nl/kg oTS or 102.86 Nl/kg oTS, respectively within the first week. Improvement in biogas yield (~5% higher than the control) was due to unique properties which prevented washout of consortia of bacteria useful for AcoD and subsequently led to a more stable process. An increase in either OLR [1.0 kg oTS/(m3*d) to 1.5 kg oTS/(m3*d)] or temperature (36.5 °C to 42.5 °C) did not lead to increase in ammonium-nitrogen or TKN in reactors amended with hydrochars. Likewise, ratio of VFA/TA was within 0.2-0.3 after the fourth week in ACB-HTC treated reactor. Addition of ACB-HTC greatly improved nutrient retention in the digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi O Ayodele
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Forest Products Development and Utilization, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Ibadan, Nigeria; Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States.
| | - Abiodun E Adekunle
- Biotechnology Center, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Adeyinka O Adesina
- Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
| | - Sajedeh Pourianejad
- Nanoscience Department, The Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, United States
| | - Axel Zentner
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Dornack
- Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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25
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Leng L, Zhang W, Leng S, Chen J, Yang L, Li H, Jiang S, Huang H. Bioenergy recovery from wastewater produced by hydrothermal processing biomass: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142383. [PMID: 33113702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)/liquefaction (HTL)/gasification (HTG) are promising processes for biofuel production from biomass containing high moisture. However, wastewater, the aqueous phase (AP) byproduct from these hydrothermal processes, is inevitably produced in large amounts. The AP contains >20% of the biomass carbon, and the total organic carbon in AP is as high as 10-20 g/L. The treatment and utilization of AP are becoming a bottleneck for the industrialization of hydrothermal technologies. The major challenges are the presence of various inhibitory substances and the high complexity of AP. Bioenergy recovery from AP has attracted increasing interest. In the present review, the compositions and characteristics of AP are first presented. Then, the progress in recovering bioenergy from AP by recirculation as the reaction solvent, anaerobic digestion (AD), supercritical water gasification (SCWG), microbial fuel cell (MFC), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), and microalgae cultivation is discussed. Recirculation of AP as reaction solvent is preferable for AP from biomass with relatively low moisture; AD, MFC/MEC, and microalgae cultivation are desirable for the treatment of AP produced from processing biomass with low lignin content at relatively low temperatures; SCWG is widely applicable but is energy-intensive. Finally, challenges and corresponding strategies are proposed to promote the development of AP valorization technologies. Comprehensive analysis of AP compositions, clarification of the mechanisms of valorization processes, valorization process integration detoxification of AP, polycultures and co-processing of AP with other waste, enhancement in pollutant removal, scaling-up performance, and the techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of valorization systems are promising directions in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Weijin Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Shaojian Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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26
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Pagés-Díaz J, Huiliñir C. Valorization of the liquid fraction of co-hydrothermal carbonization of mixed biomass by anaerobic digestion: Effect of the substrate to inoculum ratio and hydrochar addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:123989. [PMID: 32799085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of the liquid fractions (LFs) of co-hydrothermally treated mixed biomass (sewage sludge (SS) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW)) was evaluated. The impact of SS + MSW-hydrochar was also studied at different hydrochar concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ghydrochar/L), in two of the LFs studied. The SIR had a significant impact on methane yield (YCH4) and organic matter degradation, with low methane production (4-44 NmLCH4/g tCODadded) observed for all LFs at SIR = 1:3. Hydrochar significantly improved YCH4 and specific methane production rate. Compared with the AD without hydrochar, the YCH4 improved up to 1.95 times at 15 g/L. Hydrochar doses from 1 to 10 g/L shortened the lag phase, while higher concentrations (15 to 25 g/L) showed an increment with respect to the control reactor without hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhosané Pagés-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. B ÓHiggins 3363, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - César Huiliñir
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Ave. Lib. B ÓHiggins 3363, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
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27
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An Assessment of Different Integration Strategies of Hydrothermal Carbonisation and Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13225983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Water hyacinth (WH) is an invasive aquatic macrophyte that dominates freshwater bodies across the world. However, due to its rapid growth rate and wide-spread global presence, WH could offer great potential as a biomass feedstock, including for bioenergy generation. This study compares different integration strategies of hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and anaerobic digestion (AD) using WH, across a range of temperatures. These include (i) hydrochar combustion and process water digestion, (ii) hydrochar digestion, (iii) slurry digestion. HTC reactions were conducted at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C. Separation of hydrochars for combustion and process waters for digestion offers the most energetically-feasible valorisation route. However, hydrochars produced from WH display slagging and fouling tendencies; limiting their use in large-scale combustion. AD of WH slurry produced at 150 °C appears to be energetically-feasible and has the potential to also be a viable integration strategy between HTC and AD, using WH.
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28
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Lucian M, Volpe M, Merzari F, Wüst D, Kruse A, Andreottola G, Fiori L. Hydrothermal carbonization coupled with anaerobic digestion for the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123734. [PMID: 32622280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was evaluated as a promising treatment to enhance the biomethane potential during anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The OFMSW was carbonized at different conditions and HTC products were tested for biomethane potential into AD. Results proved that the use of HTC liquid and slurry into AD led to an increase in biomethane production up to 37% and 363%, respectively, compared to OFMSW. Methane production increased as the HTC process severity decreased, reaching its maximum at 180 °C, 1 h for both HTC products. Energy assessment demonstrated that the combustion of biogas produced by AD of HTC liquid and slurries covers up to 30% and 104% of the HTC thermal demand, respectively. When the energy from hydrochar and biogas combustion was recovered, the process efficiency reached 60%. Hence, HTC coupled with AD demonstrates to be an efficient way to valorize OFMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lucian
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Volpe
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Enna Kore, Enna, Italy
| | - Fabio Merzari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Dominik Wüst
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Kruse
- Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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29
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Langone M, Basso D. Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sludge: Characteristics and Possible Valorization Pathways. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186618. [PMID: 32932884 PMCID: PMC7558124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an innovative process capable of converting wet biodegradable residues into value-added materials, such as hydrochar. HTC has been studied for decades, however, a lack of detailed information on the production and composition of the process water has been highlighted by several authors. In this paper the state of the art of the knowledge on this by-product is analyzed, with attention to HTC applied to municipal and agro-industrial anaerobic digestion digestate. The chemical and physical characteristics of the process water obtained at different HTC conditions are compared along with pH, color, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and toxic compounds. The possibility of recovering nutrients and other valorization pathways is analyzed and technical feasibility constraints are reported. Finally, the paper describes the main companies which are investing actively in proposing HTC technology towards improving an effective process water valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Langone
- Laboratory of Technologies for the efficient use and management of water and wastewater, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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30
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Hydrochars as Emerging Biofuels: Recent Advances and Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of Heating Values. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13174572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growing scientific field of alternative biofuels was examined, with respect to hydrochars produced from renewable biomasses. Hydrochars are the solid products of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and their properties depend on the initial biomass and the temperature and duration of treatment. The basic (Scopus) and advanced (Citespace) analysis of literature showed that this is a dynamic research area, with several sub-fields of intense activity. The focus of researchers on sewage sludge and food waste as hydrochar precursors was highlighted and reviewed. It was established that hydrochars have improved behavior as fuels compared to these feedstocks. Food waste can be particularly useful in co-hydrothermal carbonization with ash-rich materials. In the case of sewage sludge, simultaneous P recovery from the HTC wastewater may add more value to the process. For both feedstocks, results from large-scale HTC are practically non-existent. Following the review, related data from the years 2014–2020 were retrieved and fitted into four different artificial neural networks (ANNs). Based on the elemental content, HTC temperature and time (as inputs), the higher heating values (HHVs) and yields (as outputs) could be successfully predicted, regardless of original biomass used for hydrochar production. ANN3 (based on C, O, H content, and HTC temperature) showed the optimum HHV predicting performance (R2 0.917, root mean square error 1.124), however, hydrochars’ HHVs could also be satisfactorily predicted by the C content alone (ANN1, R2 0.897, root mean square error 1.289).
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31
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Brown AE, Finnerty GL, Camargo-Valero MA, Ross AB. Valorisation of macroalgae via the integration of hydrothermal carbonisation and anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123539. [PMID: 32447122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the integration of hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) with anaerobic digestion (AD) as a valorisation route for two macroalgae species; S. latissima (SL) and F. serratus (FS). HTC reactions were conducted at temperatures of 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C, with resulting hydrochars, process waters and hydrothermal slurries assessed for biomethane potential yields. Un-treated SL generated similar biomethane levels compared to all SL slurries. Whereas all FS slurries improved biomethane yields compared to un-treated FS. Hydrochars represent a greater energy carrier if used as a solid fuel, rather than a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Integrating HTC and AD, through hydrochar combustion and process water digestion has a greater energetic output than anaerobic digestion of the un-treated macroalgae. Treatment at 150 °C, with separate utilisation of products, can improve the energetic output of S. latissima and F. serratus by 47% and 172% respectively, compared to digestion of the un-treated macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gillian L Finnerty
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Andrew B Ross
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Tsui TH, Wu H, Song B, Liu SS, Bhardwaj A, Wong JWC. Food waste leachate treatment using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB): Effect of conductive material dosage under low and high organic loads. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122738. [PMID: 32106021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of UASB for treating food waste leachate was investigated, with the objective of studying the effect of conductive material on anaerobic digestion (AD) enhancement at two organic loads. Conductive and control materials (i.e. graphite and glass) were first compared for their surface porosity then dosed in UASB for side-by-side comparison of the corresponding AD performance. In the first phase (organic load of 2660 mg-COD/L), compared to glass-added UASB, 29.5% reduction of effluent COD was observed in graphite-added UASB, however, only a little biogas enhancement (2.3%) was achieved. In the second phase (organic load of 4140 mg-COD/L), the results show that it could promote better AD enhancement in graphite-added UASB, where 36% effluent COD and 38% biogas production enhancement were simultaneously observed. The overall results support that utilization of conductive material is a viable approach for enhancing biogas production in UASB, especially for high organic loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- To-Hung Tsui
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Bing Song
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Anuja Bhardwaj
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Guo S, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wei X, Peng P, Xiao B, Yang Y. Urea/ZnCl 2 in situ hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis waste to prepare N-doped biochar for heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30365-30373. [PMID: 31435909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental benefits of biochar require a simple and effective method for preparation of functional N-doped biochar. In this study, urea/ZnCl2 was developed to prepare N-doped biochar via in situ hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Camellia sinensis waste at 120-280 °C for 2 h under 1.0-9.8 MPa. Physicochemical and structural properties of the N-doped biochar were investigated by Raman spectra, elemental analysis, BET surface area, SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS. The results showed that the N content in biochar could reach up to 7.79% at 280 °C. Surface chemistry suggested that pyridinic N, pyrollic N, and graphitic N were the major N species on the biochar. Moreover, the N-doped biochar was successfully employed to remove metal ions Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cr6+. Adsorption data fit closely to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for all metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuefang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | | | - Zhengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingneng Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Qian M, Li Y, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Wang Y, Feng J, Yao Z, Zhao L. Efficient acetogenesis of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and maize straw in a HSAD reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:221-228. [PMID: 30913430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, food waste and maize straw were used as feedstock, and the two-phase high-solid anaerobic digestion (TP-HSAD) technology was used to optimize the process parameters of leachate reflux in acid-production stage. Results indicated that compared with other waste activated sludge, pig manure digestate (PM) as leachate can achieve better hydrolysis and acidification effect. The increase of leachate reflux ratio can shorten the fermentation time of the acid-producing stage and increase the fermentation efficiency. When the reflux ratio was 32:1, peak concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was 45.4 g/L and the volatile solids (VS) removal rate was 61.7%. Reflux frequency has minimal effect on the concentration of VFAs and the degree of degradation of VS, but a higher reflux frequency will prolong the reaction time of acid-production stage. When PM is used as reflux leachate, the HSAD reactor can improve the hydrolysis and acidification of the anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Sunflower Tower 860 Maizidian Street 37, Chaoyang District, 100125 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China; Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Ziyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, PR China.
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Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) has been identified as a potential route for digestate enhancement producing a solid hydrochar and a process water rich in organic carbon. This study compares the treatment of four dissimilar digestates from anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural residue (AGR); sewage sludge (SS); residual municipal solid waste (MSW), and vegetable, garden, and fruit waste (VGF). HTC experiments were performed at 150, 200 and 250 °C for 1 h using 10%, 20%, and 30% solid loadings of a fixed water mass. The effect of temperature and solid loading to the properties of biocoal and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of process waters are investigated. Results show that the behaviour of digestate during HTC is feedstock dependent and the hydrochar produced is a poor-quality solid fuel. The AGR digestate produced the greatest higher heating value (HHV) of 24 MJ/kg, however its biocoal properties are poor due to slagging and fouling propensities. The SS digestate process water produced the highest amount of biogas at 200 °C and 30% solid loading. This study concludes that solely treating digestate via HTC enhances biogas production and that hydrochar be investigated for its use as a soil amender.
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