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Shi K, Liang B, Cheng HY, Wang HC, Liu WZ, Li ZL, Han JL, Gao SH, Wang AJ. Regulating microbial redox reactions towards enhanced removal of refractory organic nitrogen from wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121778. [PMID: 38795549 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotechnology for wastewater treatment is mainstream and effective depending upon microbial redox reactions to eliminate diverse contaminants and ensure aquatic ecological health. However, refractory organic nitrogen compounds (RONCs, e.g., nitro-, azo-, amide-, and N-heterocyclic compounds) with complex structures and high toxicity inhibit microbial metabolic activity and limit the transformation of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen. This will eventually result in non-compliance with nitrogen discharge standards. Numerous efforts suggested that applying exogenous electron donors or acceptors, such as solid electrodes (electrostimulation) and limited oxygen (micro-aeration), could potentially regulate microbial redox reactions and catabolic pathways, and facilitate the biotransformation of RONCs. This review provides comprehensive insights into the microbial regulation mechanisms and applications of electrostimulation and micro-aeration strategies to accelerate the biotransformation of RONCs to organic amine (amination) and inorganic ammonia (ammonification), respectively. Furthermore, a promising approach involving in-situ hybrid anaerobic biological units, coupled with electrostimulation and micro-aeration, is proposed towards engineering applications. Finally, employing cutting-edge methods including multi-omics analysis, data science driven machine learning, technology-economic analysis, and life-cycle assessment would contribute to optimizing the process design and engineering implementation. This review offers a fundamental understanding and inspiration for novel research in the enhanced biotechnology towards RONCs elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Zong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing-Long Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Chen S, Wang X, Shi X, Li S, Yang L, Yan W, Xu H. Integrated system of electro-catalytic oxidation and microbial fuel cells for the treatment of recalcitrant wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141754. [PMID: 38508464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The emission of recalcitrant wastewater poses serious threats to the environment. In this study, an integrated approach combining electrocatalytic oxidation (EC) for pretreatment and microbial fuel cells (MFC) for thorough pollutant degradation is proposed to ensure efficient degradation of target substances, with low energy input and enhanced bioavailability of refractory organics. When phenol was used as the pollutant, an initial concentration of 2000 mg/L phenol solution underwent EC treatment under constant current-exponential attenuation power supply mode, resulting in a COD removal rate of 54.53%, and a phenol degradation rate of 99.83%. Intermediate products such as hydroquinone and para-diphenol were detected in the solution. After subsequent MFC treatment, only minor amounts of para-diphenol were left, and the degradation rate of phenol and its intermediate products reached 100%, with an output power density of 110.4 mW m-2. When coal chemical wastewater was used as the pollutant, further examination of the EC-MFC system performance showed a COD removal rate of 49.23% in the EC section, and a 76.21% COD removal rate in the MFC section, with an output power density of 181.5 mW m-2. Microbiological analysis revealed typical electrogenic bacteria (such as Pseudomonas and Geobacter), and specific degrading functional bacteria (such as Stenotrophomonas, Delftia, and Brevundimonas). The dominant microbial communities and their proportions adapted to environmental changes in response to the variation of carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyao Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China; Research Institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
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Zhou Z, Liu X, Chen R, Hu X, Guo Q. Treatment of phenolic wastewater by anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell using carbon brush as anode: microbial community analysis and m-cresol degradation mechanism. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1801-1815. [PMID: 37878182 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB-MFC) is a technology that combines fluidized bed reactor and microbial fuel cell to treat organic wastewater and generate electricity. The performance and the mechanism of treating m-cresol wastewater in AFB-MFC using carbon brush as biofilm anode were studied. After 48 h of operation, the m-cresol removal efficiency of AFB-MFC, MAR-AFB (fluidized bed bioreactor with acclimated anaerobic sludge), MAR-FB (ordinary fluidized bed reactor with only macroporous adsorptive resin) and AST (traditional anaerobic sludge treatment) were 95.29 ± 0.67%, 85.78 ± 1.81%, 71.24 ± 1.86% and 70.41 ± 0.32% respectively. The maximum output voltage and the maximum power density of AFB-MFC using carbon brush as biofilm anode were 679.7 mV and 166.6 mW/m2 respectively. The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated the relative abundance of dominant electroactive bacteria, such as Trichococcus, Geobacter, and Pseudomonas, on the anode carbon brushes was higher than that of AST, and also identified such superior m-cresol-degrading bacteria as Bdellovibrio, Thermomonas, Hydrogenophaga, etc. Based on the determination of m-cresol metabolites detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), the possible biodegradation pathway of m-cresol under anaerobic and aerobic conditions in AFB-MFC was speculated. The results showed that m-cresol was decomposed into formic acid-acetic anhydride and 3-methylpropionic acid under the action of electrochemistry, which is a simple degradation pathway without peripheral metabolism in AFB-MFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Ranran Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiude Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering in College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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4
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Shi K, Cheng H, Cornell CR, Wu H, Gao S, Jiang J, Liu T, Wang A, Zhou J, Liang B. Micro-aeration assisted with electrogenic respiration enhanced the microbial catabolism and ammonification of aromatic amines in industrial wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130943. [PMID: 36860074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of refractory nitrogen-containing organics biodegradation is crucial to meet discharged nitrogen standards and guarantee aquatic ecology safety. Although electrostimulation accelerates organic nitrogen pollutants amination, it remains uncertain how to strengthen ammonification of the amination products. This study demonstrated that ammonification was remarkably facilitated under micro-aerobic conditions through the degradation of aniline, an amination product of nitrobenzene, using an electrogenic respiration system. The microbial catabolism and ammonification were significantly enhanced by exposing the bioanode to air. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and GeoChip analysis, our results indicated that aerobic aniline degraders and electroactive bacteria were enriched in suspension and inner electrode biofilm, respectively. The suspension community had a significantly higher relative abundance of catechol dioxygenase genes contributing to aerobic aniline biodegradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger genes to protect from oxygen toxicity. The inner biofilm community contained obviously higher cytochrome c genes responsible for extracellular electron transfer. Additionally, network analysis indicated the aniline degraders were positively associated with electroactive bacteria and could be the potential hosts for genes encoding for dioxygenase and cytochrome, respectively. This study provides a feasible strategy to enhance nitrogen-containing organics ammonification and offers new insights into the microbial interaction mechanisms of micro-aeration assisted with electrogenic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haoyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Carolyn R Cornell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Haiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Tiejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Liu SH, Lee KY. Performance of a packed-bed anode bio-electrochemical reactor for power generation and for removal of gaseous acetone. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115062. [PMID: 35436710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The packed anode bioelectrochemical system (Pa-BES) developed in this study is a type of BES that introduces waste gas into a cathode and then into an anode, thereby providing the cathode with sufficient oxygen and reducing the amount of oxygen to the anode to promote the output of electricity. When the empty-bed residence time was 45 s and the liquid flowrate was 35 mL/s, the system achieved optimal performance. Under these conditions, removal efficiency, mineralization efficiency, voltage output, and power density were 93.86%, 93.37%, 296.3 mV, and 321.12 mW/m3, respectively. The acetone in the waste gas was almost completely converted into carbon dioxide, indicating that Pa-BES can effectively remove acetone and has the potential to be used in practical situations. A cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed that the packings exhibited clear redox peaks, indicating that the Pa-BES has outstanding biodegradation and power generation abilities. Through microbial community dynamics, numerous organics degraders, electrochemically active bacteria, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were found, and the spatial distribution of these microbes were identified. Among them, Xanthobacter, Bryobacter, Mycobacteriums and Terrimonawas were able to decompose acetone or other organic substances, with Xanthobacter dominating. Bacterium_OLB10 and Ferruginibacter are the electrochemically active bacteria in Pa-BES, while Ferruginibacter is the most abundant in the main anode, which is responsible for electron collection and transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kun-Yan Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
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Rafieenia R, Sulonen M, Mahmoud M, El-Gohary F, Rossa CA. Integration of microbial electrochemical systems and photocatalysis for sustainable treatment of organic recalcitrant wastewaters: Main mechanisms, recent advances, and present prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153923. [PMID: 35182645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) have demonstrated to be an environmentally friendly technology for wastewater treatment and simultaneous production of value-added products or energy. However, practical applications of MESs for the treatment of recalcitrant wastewater are limited by their low power output and slow rates of pollutant biodegradation. As a novel technology, hybrid MESs integrating biodegradation and photocatalysis have shown great potential to accelerate the degradation of bio-recalcitrant pollutants and increase the system output. In this review, we summarize recent advances of photo-assisted MESs for enhanced removal of recalcitrant pollutants, and present further discussion about the synergistic effect of biodegradation and photocatalysis. In addition, we analyse in detail different set-up configurations, discuss mechanisms of photo-enhanced extracellular electron transfer, and briefly present ongoing research cases. Finally, we highlight the current limitations and corresponding research gaps, and propose insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Rafieenia
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Mira Sulonen
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Gohary
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Claudio Avignone Rossa
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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7
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Zhang Z, Xi H, Yu Y, Wu C, Yang Y, Guo Z, Zhou Y. Coupling of membrane-based bubbleless micro-aeration for 2,4-dinitrophenol degradation in a hydrolysis acidification reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118119. [PMID: 35114527 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro-aeration hydrolysis acidification (HA) is an effective method to enhance the removal of toxic and refractory organic matter, but the difficulty in stable dosing control of trace oxygen limits its wide application. Membrane-based bubbleless aeration has been proved as an ideal aeration method because of its higher oxygen transfer rate, more uniform mass transfer, and lower cost than HA. However, the available information on its application in HA is limited. In this study, membrane-based bubbleless micro-aeration coupled with hydrolysis acidification (MBL-MHA) was exploited to investigate the performance of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) degradation via comparing it with bubble micro-aeration HA (MHA) and anaerobic HA. The results indicated that the performances in MBL-MHA and MHA were higher than those in HA during the experiment. 2,4-DNP degradation rates under redox microenvironments caused by counter-diffusion in MBL-MHA (84.43∼97.28%) were higher than those caused by co-diffusion in MHA (82.41∼94.71%) under micro-aeration of 0.5-5.0 mL air/min. The 2,4-DNP degradation pathways in MBL-MHA were nitroreduction, deamination, aromatic ring cleavage, and fermentation, while those in MHA were hydroxylation, aromatic ring cleavage, and fermentation. Reduction/oxidation-related, interspecific electron transfer-related species, and fermentative species in MBL-MHA were more abundant than that in MHA. Ultimately, more reducing/oxidizing forces formed by more redox proteins/enzymes from these rich species could enhance 2,4-DNP degradation in MBL-MHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hongbo Xi
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Wang C, Wu G, Zhu X, Xing Y, Yuan X, Qu J. Synergistic degradation for o-chlorophenol and enhancement of power generation by a coupled photocatalytic-microbial fuel cell system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133517. [PMID: 34995621 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchically photocatalytic microbial fuel cell system (PMFC) coupled with TiO2 photoanode and bioanode was established to enhance the power generation based on single-chamber MFC. Compared with the conventional anaerobic mode, oxygen in the solution could be utilized by the photoanode of PMFC to improve the removal of o-chlorophenol (2-CP). The maximum power densities were increasing from 261 (MFC) to 301 mW/m2 (PMFC). The removal efficiency of 2-CP (5 mg/L) in PMFC was 76.20% and higher than that in MFC (19.33%) and by photocatalysis (49.23%). The electron-hole separation efficiencies were decreasing with the increasing of dissolved oxygen, causing a low efficiency of photocatalysis, due to the reduction of the current density of the systems. The abundance of Geobacter sp., PHOS-HE36 fam., and Pseudomonas sp. was increased with illumination, contributing to improve the electricity production and 2-CP degradation. The only detective intermediate of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in PMFC indicated that the microbes could regulate the degradation pathway of 2-CP in the coupling system. These findings provided an feasible method for the effective degradation of refractory organic compounds and simultaneous energy recovery by combining photocatalysis and microbial power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Guanlan Wu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
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Suresh R, Rajendran S, Kumar PS, Dutta K, Vo DVN. Current advances in microbial fuel cell technology toward removal of organic contaminants - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132186. [PMID: 34509759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, water pollution and demand for clean energy are most pressing global issues. On a daily basis, huge quantity of organic wastes gets released into the water ecosystems, causing health related problems. The need-of-the-hour is to utilize proficient and cheaper techniques for complete removal of harmful organic contaminants from water. In this regard, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has emerged as a promising technique, which can produce useful electrical energy from organic wastes and decontaminate polluted water. Herein, we have systematically reviewed recently published results, observations and progress made on the applications of MFCs in degradation of organic contaminants, including organic synthetic dyes, agro pollutants, health care contaminants and other organics (such as phenols and their derivatives, polyhydrocarbons and caffeine). MFC-based hybrid technologies, including MFC-constructed wetland, MFC-photocatalysis, MFC-catalysis, MFC-Fenton process, etc., developed to obtain high removal efficiency and bioelectricity production simultaneously have been discussed. Further, this review assessed the influence of factors, such as nature of electrode catalysts, organic pollutants, electrolyte, microbes and operational conditions, on the performance of pristine and hybrid MFC reactors in terms of pollutant removal efficiency and power generation simultaneously. Moreover, the limitations and future research directions of MFCs for wastewater treatment have been discussed. Finally, a conclusive summary of the findings has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Suresh
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales Zonas Áridas, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales Zonas Áridas, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - Kingshuk Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL), School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bengaluru, 562149, India
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
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10
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Liu SH, Lin HH. Enhancement of isopropanol removal with concomitant power generation by microbial fuel cells: Optimization of deoxidizing composite anodes using response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131732. [PMID: 34364227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study used a response surface method to develop a deoxidizing anode, which was introduced into microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to treat isopropanol (IPA) wastewater and waste gas. By embedding a deoxidizing agent (DA) into the anode of MFCs, a hypoxic environment can be created to enable anaerobic electrogens to be effectively attached to the anode surface and grow. Consequently, MFC power generation performance can be enhanced. The optimal coke and conductive carbon black ratio of an anode and percentage of DA added were 3.61 g/g and 3.15 %, respectively. The research design concurrently achieved the maximum deoxygenation efficiency (0.86 mg O2/bead), minimum disintegration ratio (3.51 %), and minimum resistance (30.2 Ω). The regression model had high prediction power (R2 > 0.93) for anode performance. As determined through multi-objective optimization, the results highly satisfied the target expectation (desirability = 0.82). The optimized deoxidizing anode was filled into an air-cathode MFC, which had a higher IPA removal efficiency (1.15-fold) and voltage output (1.24-fold) than an MFC filled with coke. The results for the trickling-bed MFC filled with a deoxidizing anode revealed that when the inlet concentration was 0.74 g/m3, the voltage output and power density were highest at 416.3 mV and 486.6 mW/m3, respectively. The deoxidizing anode developed has the potential to increase the MFC voltage output and the pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsin-Hui Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
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Lang Y, Yu Y, Zou H, Ye J, Zhang S, Chen J. Flavin mononucleotide-stimulated microbial fuel cell for efficient gaseous toluene abatement. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132247. [PMID: 34826930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical park is regarded as a major contributor of VOCs emissions in China. Currently, a green and safe technology, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), is being developed for the VOCs abatement. Noting that effective electron transfer is critical to the MFC performance. In this work, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was dosed as an electron shuttle to improve the removal of the typical toxic VOCs, toluene. The experimental results revealed that the performance of toluene removal and power generation were accelerated with the dosage of 0.2-2 μM FMN. With the addition of 1 μM FMN, the removal efficiency, the maximum output voltage and the coulombic efficiency of MFC were increased by 18.4%, 64.4% and 56.3%, respectively. However, a further increase in FMN concentration to 2 μM caused a reduction in the removal efficiency and coulombic efficiency. The images of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the presence of FMN greatly promoted the microbial growth and its activity. Furthermore, microbial community analysis also implied that the moderate dosage of FMN (0.2-1 μM) was beneficial for the growth of the typical exoelectrogens, Geobacter sp., and thus the coulombic efficiency was increased. In addition, an electron transfer pathway involving in cytochrome b, OMCs, cytochrome c, and MtrA was proposed based on the cyclic voltammetry analysis. This work will provide a fundamental theoretical support for its application of toxic VOCs abatement from the chemical park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jiexu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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12
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Ahmad A, Priyadarshani M, Das S, Ghangrekar MM. Role of bioelectrochemical systems for the remediation of emerging contaminants from wastewater: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:201-222. [PMID: 34532865 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a unique group of wastewater remediating technology that possesses the added advantage of valuable recovery with concomitant wastewater treatment. Moreover, due to the application of robust microbial biocatalysts in BESs, effective removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) can be accomplished in these BESs. Thus, this review emphasizes the recent demonstrations pertaining to the removal of complex organic pollutants of emerging concern present in wastewater through BES. Owing to the recalcitrant nature of these pollutants, they are not effectively removed through conventional wastewater treatment systems and thereby are discharged into the environment without proper treatment. Application of BES in terms of ECs removal and degradation mechanism along with valuables that can be recovered are discussed. Moreover, the factors affecting the performance of BES, like biocatalyst, substrate, salinity, and applied potential are also summarized. In addition, the present review also elucidates the occurrence and toxic nature of ECs as well as future recommendations pertaining to the commercialization of this BES technology for the removal of ECs from wastewater. Therefore, the present review intends to aid the researchers in developing more efficient BESs for the removal of ECs from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Monali Priyadarshani
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sovik Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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13
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Liu SH, Tsai SL, Lai YR, Lin CW, Huang YW. Improving the performance of biotrickling filter microbial fuel cells in treating exhaust gas by adjusting the oxygen content of the anode tank. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130390. [PMID: 33819893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A biotrickling filter (BTF) was combined with a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to remove ethyl acetate from exhaust gas while generating electricity in the process. The results indicated that the use of carbide porous ceramic rings (CPCR) as auxiliary anodes produced more biomass and exhibited a high average removal efficiency (98%), making it a superior microorganism growth carrier compared with carbon coke. When CPCR was used as the cathode in the BTF-MFC, the maximum power density (PD) was 5.64-14.8% of that achieved when carbon cloth was used as the cathode, revealing that CPCR is not a suitable cathode. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) and output voltage of the two-stage BTF-MFC (tBTF-MFC) were only 69.4% and 68.4% of those of the single-stage BTF-MFC (sBTF-MFC), presumably because of voltage reversal. Although the output voltage and EC in the tBTF-MFC were less than those in the sBTF-MFC, the follow-up field application involves stacking multiple small MFCs to remove high-concentration pollutants and generate a high power output. Additionally, continuously adding sodium sulfite decreased the average dissolved oxygen; generated an averaged closed-circuit voltage of 477 mV; and produced a maximum PD of 71.7 mW/m3. These findings demonstrated that the aforementioned method can effectively improve the problem of oxygen and MFC anodes competing for electrons, thus delivering a method that enhances MFC performance through controlling the amount of oxygen in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen-Long Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang-Ru Lai
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wen Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Lu N, Li L, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qu J, Guan J. Simultaneous enhancement of power generation and chlorophenol degradation in nonmodified microbial fuel cells using an electroactive biofilm carbon felt anode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147045. [PMID: 34088112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an emerging technique presenting remarkable potential. In the current MFC, an electroactive biofilm anode was inoculated with activated sludge from a local municipal sewage treatment plant. The output voltage peaked at 0.60 V and 0.56 V in MFCs cultured with 2-chlorophenol (MFC-2-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (MFC-2,4-DCP), respectively. The degradation and mineralization efficiency in MFC-2-CP were 100.0% and 82.0%, respectively. Based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, abundant Acinetobacter and Azospirillum existed during both the bioelectricity and biodegradation stages in MFC-2-CP, but different patterns were exhibited in MFC-2,4-DCP. The electrogenic bacteria relied on the electron transfer pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase, while the electrons were transferred to the extracellular electrode by cytochrome C, riboflavin, degradation products of CPs and flagella. 2-CP and 2,4-DCP were biodegraded into less toxic cyclohexanol via dichlorination, hydroxylation, and hydrogenation; hereafter, the ring was opened to generate long-chain hydrocarbons, and finally mineralized into CO2 and H2O. This work provided a new strategy for MFCs in power generation and contaminant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Zirui Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Institute of Environmental Assessment, China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Jiunian Guan
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
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15
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Xing F, Xi H, Yu Y, Zhou Y. Anode biofilm influence on the toxic response of microbial fuel cells under different operating conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145048. [PMID: 33631591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response of microorganisms in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to toxic compounds under different operating conditions, such as flow rate and culture time, was investigated herein. While it has been reported that MFCs can detect some toxic substances, it is unclear if operating conditions affect MFCs toxicity response. In this study, the toxic response time of MFCs decreased when the flow rate increased from 0.5 mL/min to 2 mL/min and then increased with 5 mL/min. The inhibition rates at 0.5 mL/min, 2 mL/min, and 5 mL/min were 8.4% ± 1.6%, 45.1% ± 5.3%, and 4.9% ± 0.3%, respectively. With the increase of culture time from 7 days to 90 days, the toxic response time of MFCs gradually increased. The inhibition rates at culture times of 7 days, 45 days, and 90 days were 45.1% ± 5.3%, 32.6% ± 6.6%, and 23.2% ± 1.3%, respectively. Increasing the culture time will reduce the sensitivity of MFC. The results showed that MFCs can respond quickly at a flow rate of 2 mL/min after cultivation for 7 days. Under these conditions, the power density can reach 1137.0 ± 65.5 mW/m2, the relative content of Geobacter sp. is 57%, and the ORP of the multilayers changed from -159.2 ± 1.6 mV to -269.9 ± 1.7 mV within 200 μm biofilm thickness. These findings show that increasing the flow rate and shortening the culture time are conducive for the toxicity response of MFCs, which will increase the sensitivity of MFCs in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Hongbo Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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16
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Yang LH, Cheng HY, Zhu TT, Wang HC, Haider MR, Wang AJ. Resorcinol as a highly efficient aromatic electron donor in bioelectrochemical system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124416. [PMID: 33158650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been known as a promising technology for accelerating aromatic contaminants degradation and energy recovery. However, most existing studies concentrate on aromatics metabolized through a benzoyl-CoA pathway while those metabolized through other pathways are limited. In this work, resorcinol, a typical aromatic contaminant as well as a key central intermediate (other than benzoyl-CoA) involved in aromatics anaerobic biodegradation, was studied in BESs. Unlike the general impression of the relatively poor organic-to-current performance in the aromatics driven BESs, high efficiencies for resorcinol-fed BESs were observed with a current density and coulombic efficiency of up to 0.26 ± 0.05 mAcm-2 and 74.3 ± 10.7%, respectively. The higher performance likely correlates to the readily fermentable property of resorcinol. Analysis of microbial communities in the biofilm suggests a syntrophic interaction between resorcinol-degrading bacteria (RDB) and anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) was involved in current generation. Additional tests involving the removal of accumulated acetate through fast resorcinol feeding indicates that a mechanism based on direct utilization of resorcinol for current generation may also exist. This study extends the knowledge for the fate of aromatics in BESs and indicates that aromatics entering into the resorcinol metabolic pathway can be treated efficiently with good energy recovery efficiency in BESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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17
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Yang K, Zhao Y, Ji M, Li Z, Zhai S, Zhou X, Wang Q, Wang C, Liang B. Challenges and opportunities for the biodegradation of chlorophenols: Aerobic, anaerobic and bioelectrochemical processes. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116862. [PMID: 33550168 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols (CPs) are highly toxic and refractory contaminants which widely exist in various environments and cause serious harm to human and environment health and safety. This review provides comprehensive information on typical CPs biodegradation technologies, the most green and benign ones for CPs removal. The known aerobic and anaerobic degradative bacteria, functional enzymes, and metabolic pathways of CPs as well as several improving methods and critical parameters affecting the overall degradation efficiency are systematically summarized and clarified. The challenges for CPs mineralization are also discussed, mainly including the dechlorination of polychlorophenols (poly-CPs) under aerobic condition and the ring-cleavage of monochlorophenols (MCPs) under anaerobic condition. The coupling of functional materials and degraders as well as the operation of sequential anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors and bioelectrochemical system (BES) are promising strategies to overcome some current limitations. Future perspective and research gaps in this field are also proposed, including the further understanding of microbial information and the specific role of materials in CPs biodegradation, the potential application of innovative biotechnologies and new operating modes to optimize and maximize the function of the system, and the scale-up of bioreactors towards the efficient biodegradation of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Siyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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18
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Hoareau M, Erable B, Chapleur O, Midoux C, Bureau C, Goubet A, Bergel A. Oxygen-reducing bidirectional microbial electrodes designed in real domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124663. [PMID: 33529981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrodes were designed in domestic wastewaters to catalyse the oxidation of organic matter (anode) and the reduction of oxygen (cathode) alternately. The successive aeration phases (cathode) enhanced the anodic efficiency, resulting in current densities of up to 6.4 Am-2 without the addition of any substrate. Using nitrogen during the anodic phases affected the microbial populations and the electrodes showed a lower ability to subsequently turn to O2 reduction than the microbial anodes formed in open-to-air conditions did. No strong difference was observed between internal and external biofilm, both of which showed a very large variety of taxa in terms of abundance as well as variance. They comprised a mix of aerobic and anaerobic species, many of which have already been identified separately in bioelectrochemical systems. Such a large diversity, which had not been observed in aerobic bidirectional bioelectrodes so far, can explain the efficiency and robustness observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Hoareau
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Erable
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Chapleur
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PRocédés biOtechnologiques au Service de l'Environnement, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Cédric Midoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PRocédés biOtechnologiques au Service de l'Environnement, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Chrystelle Bureau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PRocédés biOtechnologiques au Service de l'Environnement, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Anne Goubet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, PRocédés biOtechnologiques au Service de l'Environnement, 92761 Antony, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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19
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20
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Elshobary ME, Zabed HM, Yun J, Zhang G, Qi X. Recent insights into microalgae-assisted microbial fuel cells for generating sustainable bioelectricity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Characterization of Anaerobic Biofilms Growing on Carbon Felt Bioanodes Exposed to Air. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of oxygen in anodic biofilms is still a matter of debate. In this study, we tried to elucidate the structure and performance of an electrogenic biofilm that develops on air-exposed, carbon felt electrodes, commonly used in bioelectrochemical systems. By simultaneously recording the current density produced by the bioanode and dissolved oxygen concentration, both inside and in the vicinity of the biofilm, it was possible to demonstrate the influence of a protective aerobic layer present in the biofilm (mainly formed by Pseudomonas genus bacteria) that prevents electrogenic bacteria (such as Geobacter sp.) from hazardous exposure to oxygen during its normal operation. Once this protective barrier was deactivated for a long period of time, the catalytic capacity of the biofilm was severely affected. In addition, our results highlighted the importance of the material’s porous structure for oxygen penetration in the electrode.
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22
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You J, Deng Y, Chen H, Ye J, Zhang S, Zhao J. Enhancement of gaseous o-xylene degradation in a microbial fuel cell by adding Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126571. [PMID: 32224361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An exoelectrogens, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1), was supplied to a microbial fuel cell (MFC) to enhance the degradation of a recalcitrant organic compound, o-xylene. The experimental results revealed that, with the addition of the S. oneidensis MR-1, the o-xylene removal efficiency increased by 35-76% compared with the original MFC. The presence of the S. oneidensis MR-1 not only improved the activity of the biofilm in the bioanode but also developed the connections between the bacteria by nanowires. Therefore, the maximum power density increased from 52.1 to 92.5 mW/m3 after the addition of the S. oneidensis MR-1. The microbial community analysis showed that adding the S. oneidensis MR-1 increased the biodiversity in bioanode. The dominant exoelectrogens shifted from Zoogloea sp., Delftia sp., Achromobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Chryseobacterium sp., and Stenotrophomonas sp. to Zoogloea sp., Delftia sp., Shewanella sp., Achromobacter sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Sedimentibacter sp. and Chryseobacterium sp.. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that the outer membrane bound protein complex of OmcA-MtrCAB was involved as direct electron transfer pathway in the S. oneidensis MR-1 containing bioanode. We believed that this work is promising to provide optional strategy for efficient VOCs degradation by adjusting the microbial community in the bioanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping You
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yingying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Han Chen
- Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiexu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jingkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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23
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Ren RY, Yang LH, Han JL, Cheng HY, Ajibade FO, Guadie A, Wang HC, Liu B, Wang AJ. Perylene pigment wastewater treatment by fenton-enhanced biological process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109522. [PMID: 32325297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are regarded as priority pollutants owing to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Perylene is a kind of 5-ring PAH with biological toxicity, and classified as a class III carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nowadays, some of its derivatives are often used as industrial pigments. Hence, urgent attention is highly needed to develop new and improved techniques for PAHs and their derivatives removal from the environment. In this study, Fenton oxidation process was hybridized with the biological (anaerobic and aerobic) treatments for the removal of perylene pigment from wastewater. The experiments were carried out by setting Fenton treatment system before and between the biological treatments. The biological results showed that COD removal efficiency reached 60% during 24 h HRT with an effluent COD concentration of 1567.78 mg/L. After the HRT increased to 48 h, the COD removal efficiency was slightly increased (67.9%). However, after combining Fenton treatment with biological treatment (Anaerobic-Fenton-Aerobic), the results revealed over 85% COD removal efficiency and the effluent concentration less than 600 mg/L which was selected as the better treatment configuration for the biological and chemical combined system. The microbial community analysis of activated sludge was carried out with high-throughput Illumina sequencing platform and results showed that Pseudomonas, Citrobacter and Methylocapsa were found to be the dominant genera detected in aerobic and anaerobic reactors. These dominant bacteria depicted that the community composition of the reactors for treating perylene pigments wastewater were similar to that of the soil contaminated by PAHs and the activated sludge from treating PAHs wastewater. Economic analysis results revealed that the reagent cost was relatively cheap, amounting to 10.64 yuan per kilogram COD. This study vividly demonstrated that combining Fenton treatment with biological treatment was efficient and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Hui Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch 21, Ethiopia
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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24
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Triclosan Removal in Microbial Fuel Cell: The Contribution of Adsorption and Bioelectricity Generation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Triclosan (TCS) in natural aquatic systems has been drawing increasing attention due to its endocrine-disruption effects as well as for the development of antibiotic resistances. Wastewater discharge is the main source of water contamination by TCS. In this study, the removal of TCS in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was carefully investigated. A 94% removal of TCS was observed with 60 mV electricity generation as well as a slight drop in pH. In addition, we found that adsorption also contributed to the removal of TCS in aqueous solution and 21.73% and 19.92% of the total mass was adsorbed to the inner wall of the reactor and to the electrode, respectively. The results revealed that the attenuation of TCS depends on both biodegradation and physical adsorption in the anode chamber. Thus, the outcomes of our study provide a better understanding of the TCS removal mechanism in MFCs.
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Wang B, Liu W, Cai W, Li J, Yang L, Li X, Wang H, Zhu T, Wang A. Reinjection oilfield wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical system and consequent corrosive community evolution on pipe material. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:199-205. [PMID: 31587942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The corrosive issues are comprehensively caused in oilfield rejection system, in which sulfide is one of (bio-)chemical factors leading to high corrosive rate and blocking problem. Generally, aerobic treatment is a well-established and cost-effective unit for sulfide removal before oilfield wastewater reinjection. However, the residual dissolved oxygen (DO), which causes chemical, biological and electrochemical corrosion to water injection pipeline equipment, is still high after multi-stage filtration of DO removal. Here, a novel system to achieve quick and efficient DO removal through a three-electrode (cathode-anode-cathode)-upflow bioelectrochemical reactor (RCAC) was constructed before wastewater reinjection. Bioelectrodes were well established by utilizing organic matters of oilfield wastewater and conducted extracellular electron transport to achieve a steady DO removal from ∼5 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L (HRT 6 h), the DO removal efficiency reached approximately 100%, and the downside biocathode made the largest contribution for DO removal. In the treated wastewater, the corrosion rate of stainless steel N80 ultimately declined over 30 days testing. As a result of DO removal and ammonia conversion to nitrate by bioelectrodes, the corrosive microorganisms were substantially changed. Especially, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on the surface of N80 immersed in treated wastewater were decreased in abundance; while nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) enriched more, which can compete with SRB to prevent biological corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
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26
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Yang LH, Cheng HY, Ding YC, Su SG, Wang B, Zeng R, Sharif HMA, Wang AJ. Enhanced treatment of coal gasification wastewater in a membraneless sleeve-type bioelectrochemical system. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 129:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Khan A, Chen Z, Zhao S, Ni H, Pei Y, Xu R, Ling Z, Salama ES, Liu P, Li X. Micro-aeration in anode chamber promotes p-nitrophenol degradation and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121291. [PMID: 30999190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of recalcitrant organic compounds in microbial fuel cell (MFC) is limited, due to its strong electron affinity and persisted in anaerobic condition. In this study, Pseudomonas monteilii LZU-3 degraded p-nitrophenol (PNP) and generated current at 100 mg L-1 of PNP in anode MFC with the addition of oxygen. The highest PNP degradation was 4, 37.75, and 99.89% in anaerobic, aerobic, and aerated anode of MFC respectively, at 7 h. The maximum voltage generation in aerated anode was 183 mV, which was comparatively higher than aerobic (150 mV) and anaerobic (68 mV). The qRT-PCR results confirmed that the oxygenase genes in strain LZU-3 were up-regulated from 17.51 to 39.39-fold at 1.6-4.5 mg L-1 of oxygen concentrations resulted in PNP degradation in anode MFC. This study demonstrated that supplementation of oxygen into the anode MFC might be a potential approach for biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and electricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khan
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Hongyuhang Ni
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yaxin Pei
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Rong Xu
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, PR China.
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28
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Feng Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Song L, Wang X, Yang S, Long Y, Zhao C, Qiu L. Accelerated Rhodamine B removal by enlarged anode electric biological (EAEB) with electro-biological particle electrode (EPE) made from steel converter slag (SCS). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:1-9. [PMID: 30889531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electro-biological particle electrode (EPE) made from steel converter slag (SCS) was used as a particle electrode in an enlarged anode electric biological (EAEB) reactor for Rhodamine B (RhB) wastewater treatment, and its purification performance and microbial community were examined. The results revealed that (1) the EAEB reactor showed much higher average removal rates of RhB, COD and NH4+-N, i.e. 91.68%, 87.63%, and 90.54%, which meant an increase by 59.86%, 20.48%, and 14.22%, respectively, compared with BAF; (2) The optimum current intensity (CI) for simultaneously removing RhB, COD and NH4+-N in the EAEB reactor was at 1.00 A; and (3)Methylophilus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Pelomonas and Zoogloea accounted for the main bacterial community in EAEB. Therefore, the EAEB reactor with EPE produced from steel converter slag (SCS) was suitable to simultaneously remove RhB, COD and NH4+-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Youheng Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Shandong Academy of Environmental Science, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Liang Song
- No. 1 Institute Geology and Resources of ShanDong Province, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd (Shang Dong), Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yingying Long
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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