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Yang L, Li H, Wu H, Liu S, He Z. Effect of staphylococci fermentation and their synergistic Lactobacillus on the physicochemical characteristics and nonvolatile metabolites of Chinese bacon. Meat Sci 2024; 212:109461. [PMID: 38394856 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of Staphylococcus cohnii, S. saprophyticus and their synergistic Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality and flavor of Chinese bacon were investigated by monitoring the physicochemical characteristics and characterizing metabolites with non-targeted metabolomics. Results showed that S. cohnii could increase the tenderness and decrease the oxidation of muscle, while S. saprophyticus stabilized the springiness and increased the proteolysis. The metabolites produced by the co-fermentation of S. cohnii and S. saprophyticus showed a higher hierarchy, then exhibited the highest hierarchy in synergy with L. plantarum. The promising flavor may be related to the arginine biosynthesis, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. Staphylococcus contributed to flavor by promoting the accumulation of di- and tripeptides and activating the amino acid metabolic pathway through arginine metabolism. These findings provide thoughts for understanding the fermentation mechanism of Staphylococcus and the targeted modulation of the flavor of Chinese bacon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No .2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No .2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No .2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No .2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No .2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Beck F, Pedersen NR, Nielsen DS. Fermented Rapeseed and Soybean Alone and in Combination with Macro Algae Inhibit Human and Pig Pathogenic Bacteria In Vitro. Microorganisms 2024; 12:891. [PMID: 38792720 PMCID: PMC11124122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Higher plants produce secondary metabolites expressing antimicrobial effects as a defense mechanism against opportunistic microorganisms living in close proximity with the plant. Fermentation leads to bioconversion of plant substrates to these bioactive compounds and their subsequent release via breakdown of plant cell walls. Fermented feed products have recently started to become implemented in the pig industry to reduce overall disease pressure and have been found to reduce events such as post-weaning diarrhea. In this study, we investigate the antimicrobial potential of fermented soybean- and rapeseed-based pig feed supplements with and without added seaweed. The antimicrobial effect was tested in a plate well diffusion assay against a range of known human and livestock pathogenic bacteria. Further, we investigate the metabolite profiles based on liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the fermented products in comparison to their unfermented constituents. We observed a pronounced release of potential antimicrobial secondary metabolites such as benzoic acids when the plant material was fermented, and a significantly increased antimicrobial effect compared to the unfermented controls against several pathogenic bacteria, especially Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and a strain of atopic dermatitis causing Staphylococcus aureus CC1. In conclusion, fermentation significantly enhances the antimicrobial properties of rapeseed, soybean, and seaweed, offering a promising alternative to zinc oxide for controlling pathogens in piglet feed. This effect is attributed to the release of bioactive metabolites effective against pig production-relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Beck
- Fermentationexperts, Vorbassevej 12, 6622 Baekke, Denmark; (F.B.); (N.R.P.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1959 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1959 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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3
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Kaur G, Kaur R, Sodhi GK, George N, Rath SK, Walia HK, Dwibedi V, Saxena S. Stilbenes: a journey from folklore to pharmaceutical innovation. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:229. [PMID: 38647675 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In modern times, medicine is predominantly based on evidence-based practices, whereas in ancient times, indigenous people relied on plant-based medicines with factual evidence documented in ancient books or folklore that demonstrated their effectiveness against specific infections. Plants and microbes account for 70% of drugs approved by the USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Stilbenes, polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants under stress conditions, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, bridging ancient wisdom with modern healthcare. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, initially discovered in grapes, red wine, peanuts, and blueberries, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including cardiovascular protection, antioxidant effects, anticancer activity, and neuroprotection. Traditional remedies, documented in ancient texts like the Ayurvedic Charak Samhita, foreshadowed the medicinal properties of stilbenes long before their modern scientific validation. Today, stilbenes are integral to the booming wellness and health supplement market, with resveratrol alone projected to reach a market value of 90 million US$ by 2025. However, challenges in stilbene production persist due to limited natural sources and costly extraction methods. Bioprospecting efforts reveal promising candidates for stilbene production, particularly endophytic fungi, which demonstrate high-yield capabilities and genetic modifiability. However, the identification of optimal strains and fermentation processes remains a critical consideration. The current review emphasizes the knowledge of the medicinal properties of Stilbenes (i.e., cardiovascular, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc.) isolated from plant and microbial sources, while also discussing strategies for their commercial production and future research directions. This also includes examples of novel stilbenes compounds reported from plant and endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Kaur
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Nancy George
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceuticals and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Harleen Kaur Walia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
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Mockus E, Starkute V, Klupsaite D, Bartkevics V, Borisova A, Sarunaite L, Arlauskiene A, Rocha JM, Bartkiene E. Changes in Chemical Composition of Lentils, Including Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Volatile Compound Formation during Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation with Pediococcus acidilactici. Foods 2024; 13:1249. [PMID: 38672920 PMCID: PMC11049090 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the characteristics of non-treated and fermented [via submerged (SMF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentation using Pediococcus acidilactici] lentils (Lens culinaris) grown either in pure stands (L) or relay intercropped with winter rye (LR). It was observed that the lentils were suitable substrate for lacto-fermentation. Most of the free amino acid concentrations increased in lentils after both fermentations. The highest concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid was found in SSF LR samples. However, fermentation led to higher biogenic amines (BA) content in lentils. The most abundant fatty acid in lentils was C18:2. SSF lentils showed more complex volatile compound (VC) profiles (with between nine and seventeen new VCs formed), whereas, in SMF samples, between two and five newly VCs were formed. When comparing lentil grown types, L contained significantly higher concentrations of Na, K, Ca, P, Mn, and Se, while LR contained significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Ni. To sum up, fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contributed to the improved biological value of lentils; still, the quantity of BA needs to be considered. Further investigations into the P. acidilactici metabolism of certain compounds (such as phenolic and antinutritional compounds) in lentils during fermentation ought to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (V.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasija Borisova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia; (V.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Lina Sarunaite
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania; (L.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ausra Arlauskiene
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture Instituto 1, Akademija, LT-58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania; (L.S.); (A.A.)
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (V.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wu S, Lu J, Li C, Du H, Xu Y. Pediococcus spp. -mediated competition interaction within Daqu microbiota determines the temperature formation and metabolic profiles. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0179023. [PMID: 38506521 PMCID: PMC11022566 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01790-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented microbiota is critical to the formation of microenvironment and metabolic profiles in spontaneous fermentation. Microorganisms generate a diverse array of metabolites concurrent with the release of heat energy. In the case of Daqu fermentation, the peak temperature exceeded 60°C, forming a typical high-temperature fermentation system known as high-temperature Daqu. However, microorganisms that cause the quality variation in Daqu and how they affect the functional microbiota and microenvironment in the fermentation process are not yet clear. This study adopted high-throughput sequencing and monitored the dynamic fluctuations of metabolites and environmental factors to identify the pivotal microorganism responsible for the alterations in interaction patterns of functional keystone taxa and quality decline in the fermentation system of different operational areas during the in situ fermentation process that had been mainly attributed to operational taxonomic unit (OTU)_22 (Pediococcus acidilactici). Additionally, we used isothermal microcalorimetry, plate inhibition experiments, and in vitro simulation fermentation experiments to explore the impact of Pediococcus spp. on heat generation, microorganisms, and metabolite profiles. Results showed the heat peak generated by Pediococcus spp. was significantly lower than that of Bacillus spp., filamentous fungi, and yeast. In addition, the preferential growth of P. acidilactici strain AA3 would obviously affect other strains to colonize through competition, and its metabolites made a significant impact on filamentous fungi. The addition of P. acidilactici strain AA3 in simulated fermentation would cause the loss of pyrazines and acids in metabolites. These evidences showed that the overgrowth of Pediococcus spp. greatly influenced the formation of high temperatures and compounds in solid-state fermentation systems. Our work illustrated the vital impact of interaction variability mediated by Pediococcus spp. for microbial assembly and metabolites, as well as in forming temperature. These results emphasized the functional role of Daqu microbiota in metabolites and heat production and the importance of cooperation in improving the fermentation quality.IMPORTANCEThe stable and high-quality saccharifying and fermenting starter in traditional solid-state fermentation was the prerequisite for liquor brewing. An imbalance of microbial homeostasis in fermentation can adversely impact production quality. Identification of such critical microorganisms and verifying their associations with other fermentation parameters pose a challenge in a traditional fermentation environment. To enhance the quality of spontaneous fermented products, strategies such as bioaugmentation or the control of harmful microorganisms would be employed. This work started with the differences in high-temperature Daqu metabolites to explore a series of functional microorganisms that could potentially contribute to product disparities, and found that the differences in interactions facilitated directly or indirectly by Pediococcus spp. seriously affected the development of microbial communities and metabolites, as well as the formation of the microenvironment. This study not only identified functional microbiota in Daqu that affected fermentation quality, but also demonstrated how microorganisms interact to affect the fermentation system, which would provide guidance for microbial supervision in the actual production process. Besides, the application of isothermal microcalorimetry in this study was helpful for us to understand the heat production capacity of microorganisms and their adaptability to the environment. This study presented a commendable framework for improving and controlling the quality of traditional fermentation and inspired further investigations in similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Wu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Guizhou Guotai Liquor Group Co. Ltd., Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Changwen Li
- Guizhou Guotai Liquor Group Co. Ltd., Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hai Du
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Zhao Y, Liu D, Zhang J, Shen J, Cao J, Gu H, Cui M, He L, Chen G, Liu S, Shi K. Improving Soluble Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Grape Pomace Seeds through Fungal Solid-State Fermentation. Foods 2024; 13:1158. [PMID: 38672831 PMCID: PMC11049521 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace seeds contain abundant phenolic compounds, which are also present in both soluble and insoluble forms, similar to many other plant matrices. To further increase the extractable soluble phenolics and their antioxidant activities, grape pomace seeds were fermented with different fungi. Results showed that solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger, Monascus anka, and Eurotium cristatum at 28 °C and 65% humidity had a significantly positive impact on the release of soluble phenolics in grape pomace seeds. Specifically, SSF with M. anka increased the soluble phenolic contents by 6.42 times (calculated as total phenolic content) and 6.68 times (calculated as total flavonoid content), leading to an overall improvement of antioxidant activities, including DPPH (increased by 2.14 times) and ABTS (increased by 3.64 times) radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, substantial changes were observed in the composition and content of individual phenolic compounds in the soluble fraction, with significantly heightened levels of specific phenolics such as chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, epicatechin gallate, and resveratrol. Notably, during M. anka SSF, positive correlations were identified between the soluble phenolic content and hydrolase activities. In particular, there is a strong positive correlation between glycosidase and soluble phenols (r = 0.900). The findings present an effective strategy for improving the soluble phenolic profiles and bioactivities of grape pomace seeds through fungal SSF, thereby facilitating the valorization of winemaking by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhao
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Doudou Liu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Jiamin Cao
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Huawei Gu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Mengqing Cui
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Ling He
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
| | - Shuwen Liu
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Kan Shi
- College of Enology, College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Viti-Viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Heyang Experimental and Demonstrational Stations for Grape, Ningxia Helan Mountain’s East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Life Science Research Core Services, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (J.C.); (H.G.); (M.C.); (L.H.); (S.L.)
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7
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Johny LC, Kumar BSG, Rao SJA, Suresh PV. Anti-listerial peptides from a marine Bacillus velezensis FTL7: production optimization, characterizations and molecular docking studies. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:105. [PMID: 38464616 PMCID: PMC10923759 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with potent anti-listerial activity were characterized from a novel marine Bacillus velezensis FTL7. A Box-Behnken statistical experimental design was used to study the combined impact of culture conditions on the production of AMPs by B. velezensis FTL7. The conditions optimized by statistical experimental design were 34.5 °C incubation temperature, 23 h incubation time, and 7.6 initial pH of the medium. AMP purification was performed by ammonium sulphate fractionation and butanol extraction followed by reversed-phase C18 solid-phase extraction. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a peptide with a molecular mass of ~ 6.5 kDa in an active AMPs fraction, whereas the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed the presence of AMPs in the mass range of 1-1.6 kDa, along with a 6.5 kDa peptide. Both MS and MS/MS analysis confirmed the AMPs as lipopeptides including surfactin, fengycins and iturin A and a circular bacteriocin amylocyclicin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of these AMPs against L. monocytogenes Scott A was 2.5 µg/mL. Further, the in-silico docking studies showed that the AMPs from B. velezensis FTL7 have high binding energy and stable binding patterns towards L. monocytogenes target proteins. Thus, this new combination of AMPs can serve as an effective food bio-preservative. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03944-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya C. Johny
- Meat and Marine Sciences Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - B. S. Gnanesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - S. J. Aditya Rao
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
- Kimberlite Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd, KIADB III Phase, Doddaballapur, Bangalore, 561203 India
| | - P. V. Suresh
- Meat and Marine Sciences Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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8
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Rajput SD, Pandey N, Sahu K. A comprehensive report on valorization of waste to single cell protein: strategies, challenges, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26378-26414. [PMID: 38536571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The food insecurity due to a vertical increase in the global population urgently demands substantial advancements in the agricultural sector and to identify sustainable affordable sources of nutrition, particularly proteins. Single-cell protein (SCP) has been revealed as the dried biomass of microorganisms such as algae, yeast, and bacteria cultivated in a controlled environment. Production of SCP is a promising alternative to conventional protein sources like soy and meat, due to quicker production, minimal land requirement, and flexibility to various climatic conditions. In addition to protein production, it also contributes to waste management by converting it into food and feed for both human and animal consumption. This article provides an overview of SCP production, including its benefits, safety, acceptability, and cost, as well as limitations that constrains its maximum use. Furthermore, this review criticizes the downstream processing of SCP, encompassing cell wall disruption, removal of nucleic acid, harvesting of biomass, drying, packaging, storage, and transportation. The potential applications of SCP, such as in food and feed as well as in the production of bioplastics, emulsifiers, and as flavoring agents for baked food, soup, and salad, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Devi Rajput
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India
| | - Keshavkant Sahu
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492 010, India.
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Sun Z, Wu Y, Long S, Feng S, Jia X, Hu Y, Ma M, Liu J, Zeng B. Aspergillus oryzae as a Cell Factory: Research and Applications in Industrial Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:248. [PMID: 38667919 PMCID: PMC11051239 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae, a biosafe strain widely utilized in bioproduction and fermentation technology, exhibits a robust hydrolytic enzyme secretion system. Therefore, it is frequently employed as a cell factory for industrial enzyme production. Moreover, A. oryzae has the ability to synthesize various secondary metabolites, such as kojic acid and L-malic acid. Nevertheless, the complex secretion system and protein expression regulation mechanism of A. oryzae pose challenges for expressing numerous heterologous products. By leveraging synthetic biology and novel genetic engineering techniques, A. oryzae has emerged as an ideal candidate for constructing cell factories. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advancements in the application of A. oryzae-based cell factories in industrial production. These studies suggest that metabolic engineering and optimization of protein expression regulation are key elements in realizing the widespread industrial application of A. oryzae cell factories. It is anticipated that this review will pave the way for more effective approaches and research avenues in the future implementation of A. oryzae cell factories in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.S.); (S.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Yijian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Shihua Long
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sai Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Z.S.); (S.F.)
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Xiao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Maomao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Jingxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (Y.W.); (S.L.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.M.)
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10
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Yupanqui-Mendoza SL, Sánchez-Moncada BJ, Las-Casas B, Castro-Alvarado ÁP. Simple one-step treatment for saccharification of mango peels using an optimized enzyme cocktail of Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01303-3. [PMID: 38472698 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient microbiological methods to convert polysaccharide-rich materials into fermentable sugars, particularly monosaccharides, is vital for advancing the bioeconomy and producing renewable chemicals and energy sources. This study focused on optimizing the production conditions of an enzyme cocktail from Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 using solid-state fermentation (SSF) and assessing its effectiveness in saccharifying mango peels through a simple, rapid, and efficient one-step process. A rotatable central composite design was employed to determine optimal conditions of moisture, time, and pH for enzyme production in SSF medium. The optimized enzyme cocktail exhibited cellulase activity (CMCase) at 6.28 U/g, filter paper activity (FPase) at 3.29 U/g, and pectinase activity at 117.02 U/g. These optimal activities were achieved with an SSF duration of 81 h, pH of 4.66, and a moisture content of 59%. The optimized enzyme cocktail effectively saccharified the mango peels without the need for chemical agents. The maximum saccharification yield reached approximately 81%, indicating efficient conversion of mango peels into sugars. The enzyme cocktail displayed consistent thermal stability within the tested temperature range of 30-60°C. Notably, the highest sugar release occurred within 36 h, with glucose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose being the primary monosaccharides released during saccharification. This study highlights the potential application of Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 and SSF for enzymatic production, offering a simple and high-performance process for monosaccharide production. The optimized enzyme cocktail obtained through solid-state fermentation demonstrated efficient saccharification of mango peels, suggesting its suitability for industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Luis Yupanqui-Mendoza
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena/SP, 12602-810, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno Las-Casas
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Bionanotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena/SP, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Ángel Pablo Castro-Alvarado
- Department of Science, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, National University of Santa, 02712, Chimbote, Peru
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11
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Pinheiro UV, Wancura JHC, Brondani M, da Silva CM, Mainardi MA, Gai RM, Jahn SL. Production of Gibberellic Acid by Solid-State Fermentation Using Wastes from Rice Processing and Brewing Industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1493-1508. [PMID: 37428388 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a natural hormone present in some plants used in agricultural formulations as a growth regulator. Currently, its production on an industrial scale is performed by submerged fermentation using the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, which is associated with low yields, leaving the purification stages with high costs. An alternative is solid-state fermentation (SSF), which makes it possible to obtain higher concentrations of product using low-cost substrates, such as agroindustrial by-products. This research investigated the use of raw rice bran (RRB) and barley malt residue (BMR) as substrates for GA3 production by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. Through two statistical designs, the effect of moisture (50 to 70 wt.%) and medium composition (RRB content between 30 and 70 wt.% to a mass ratio between RRB and BMR) was first evaluated. Using the best conditions previously obtained, the effect of adding glucose (carbon source, between 0 and 80 g·L-1) and ammonium nitrate-NH4NO3-(nitrogen source, between 0 and 5 g·L-1) on GA3 productivity was analyzed. The best yield was obtained using 30 wt.% RRB and 70 wt.% BMR for a medium with 70 wt.% of moisture after 7 days of process. It was also found that higher concentrations of NH4NO3 favor the GA3 formation for intermediate values of glucose content (40 g·L-1). Finally, a kinetic investigation showed an increasing behavior in the GA3 production (10.1 g·kg of substrate-1 was obtained), with a peak on the seventh day and subsequent tendency to stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upiragibe V Pinheiro
- Pro-Rectory of Infrastructure, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João H C Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Michel Brondani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Camila M da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marco A Mainardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Gai
- Pro-Rectory of Infrastructure, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Jahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Building 9B, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Radha A, Ahluwalia V, Rai AK, Varjani S, Awasthi MK, Sindhu R, Binod P, Saran S, Kumar V. The way forward to produce nutraceuticals from agri-food processing residues: obstacle, solution, and possibility. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:429-443. [PMID: 38327860 PMCID: PMC10844164 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Food matrices contain bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond nutritional value. The bulk of bioactive chemicals are still present in agro-industrial by-products as food matrices. Throughout the food production chain, there is a lot of agro-industrial waste that, if not managed effectively, could harm the environment, company, and how nutritiously and adequately people eat. It's important to establish processes that maximise the use of agro-industrial by-products, such as biological technologies that improve the extraction and acquisition of bioactive compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industries. As opposed to nonbiological processes, biological procedures provide high-quality, bioactive extracts with minimum toxicity and environmental impact. Fermentation and enzymatic treatment are biological processes for obtaining bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste. In this context, this article summarises the principal bioactive components in agro-industrial byproducts and the biological methods employed to extract them. In this review efficient utilization of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste more effectively in food and pharmaceutical industries has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Radha
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140 306 India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Microbial Resources, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Centre, Gangtok, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691 505 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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13
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Lu WJ, Zhang MS, Lu DL, Li ZW, Yang ZD, Wu L, Ni JT, Chen WD, Deng JJ, Luo XC. Sustainable valorizing high-protein feather waste utilization through solid-state fermentation by keratinase-enhanced Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3 using a novel promoter. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:528-538. [PMID: 38134540 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Feather waste, a rich source of proteins, has traditionally been processed through high-temperature puffing and acid-base hydrolysis, contributing to generation of greenhouse gases and H2S. To address this issue, we employed circular economy techniques to recover the nutritional value of feather waste. Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, an efficient proteolytic and chitinolytic bacterium, was isolated for feather degradation previously. This study aimed to valorize feather waste for feed purposes by enhancing its feather transformation ability through promoter optimization. Seven promoters were identified through omics analysis and compared to a common Streptomyces promoter ermE*p. The strongest promoter, p24880, effectively enhanced the expression of three candidate keratinases (Sep39, Sep40, and Sep53). The expression efficiency of double-, triple-p24880 and sandwich p24880-sep39-p24880 promoters were further verified. The co-overexpression strain SCUT-3-p24880-sep39-p24880-sep40 exhibited a 16.21-fold increase in keratinase activity compared to the wild-type. Using this strain, a solid-state fermentation process was established that increased the feather/water ratio (w/w) to 1:1.5, shortened the fermentation time to 2.5 days, and increased soluble peptide and free amino acid yields to 0.41 g/g and 0.14 g/g, respectively. The resulting has high protein content (90.49 %), with high in vitro digestibility (94.20 %). This method has the potential to revolutionize the feather waste processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Lu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ming-Shu Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - De-Lin Lu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jing-Tao Ni
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun-Jin Deng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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14
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Nihorimbere G, Korangi Alleluya V, Nimbeshaho F, Nihorimbere V, Legrève A, Ongena M. Bacillus-based biocontrol beyond chemical control in central Africa: the challenge of turning myth into reality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349357. [PMID: 38379944 PMCID: PMC10877027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity in the Great Lakes Countries of Central Africa, including Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is affected by a wide range of diseases and pests which are mainly controlled by chemical pesticides. However, more than 30% of the pesticides used in the region are banned in European Union due to their high toxicity. Globally available safe and eco-friendly biological alternatives to chemicals are virtually non-existent in the region. Bacillus PGPR-based biocontrol products are the most dominant in the market and have proven their efficacy in controlling major plant diseases reported in the region. With this review, we present the current situation of disease and pest management and urge the need to utilize Bacillus-based control as a possible sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. A repertoire of strains from the Bacillus subtilis group that have shown great potential to antagonize local pathogens is provided, and efforts to promote their use, as well as the search for indigenous and more adapted Bacillus strains to local agro-ecological conditions, should be undertaken to make sustainable agriculture a reality in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Nihorimbere
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
- Unité de défense des végétaux, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Virginie Korangi Alleluya
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Chemical and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - François Nimbeshaho
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Nutrition-Phytochimie, d’Ecologie et d’Environnement Appliquée, Centre Universitaire de Recherche et de Pédagogie Appliquées aux Sciences, Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Venant Nihorimbere
- Département des Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Faculté de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Anne Legrève
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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15
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Eras-Muñoz E, Gea T, Font X. Carbon and nitrogen optimization in solid-state fermentation for sustainable sophorolipid production using industrial waste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1252733. [PMID: 38249797 PMCID: PMC10797751 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1252733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative feedstocks such as industrial or food waste is being explored for the sustainable production of sophorolipids (SLs). Microbial biosurfactants are mainly produced via submerged fermentation (SmF); however, solid-state fermentation (SSF) seems to be a promising alternative for using solid waste or byproducts that could not be exploited by SmF. Applying the advantages that SSF offers and with the aim of revalorizing industrial organic waste, the impact of carbon and nitrogen sources on the relationship between yeast growth and SL production was analyzed. The laboratory-scale system used winterization oil cake as the solid waste for a hydrophobic carbon source. Pure hydrophilic carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (urea) sources were used in a Box-Behnken statistical design of experiments at different ratios by applying the response surface methodology. Optimal conditions to maximize the production and productivity of diacetylated lactonic C18:1 were a glucose:nitrogen ratio of 181.7:1.43 (w w-1 based on the initial dry matter) at a fermentation time of 100 h, reaching 0.54 total gram of diacetylated lactonic C18:1 with a yield of 0.047 g per gram of initial dry mass. Moreover, time course fermentation under optimized conditions increased the SL crude extract and diacetylated lactonic C8:1 production by 22% and 30%, respectively, when compared to reference conditions. After optimization, industrial wastes were used to substitute pure substrates. Different industrial sludges, OFMSW hydrolysate, and sweet candy industry wastewater provided nitrogen, hydrophilic carbon, and micronutrients, respectively, allowing their use as alternative feedstocks. Sweet candy industry wastewater and cosmetic sludge are potential hydrophilic carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for sophorolipid production, achieving yields of approximately 70% when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Gea
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria, Composting Research Group (GICOM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Ramamoorthy NK, Pallam RB, Subash Chandrabose K, Sahadevan R, Vemuri VS. A critical process variable-regulated, parameter-balancing auxostat, performed using disposed COVID-19 personal protective equipment-based substrate mixture, yields sustained and improved endoglucanase titers. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:19-38. [PMID: 37149786 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2204479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fifty percent of the overall operational expenses of biorefineries are incurred during enzymatic-saccharification processes. Cellulases have a global-market value of $1621 USD. Dearth of conventional lignocelluloses have led to the exploration of their waste stream-based, unconventional sources. Native fungus-employing cellulase-production batches fail to yield sustained enzyme titers. It could be attributed to variations in the enzyme-production broth's quasi-dilatant behavior, its fluid and flow properties; heat and oxygen transfer regimes; kinetics of fungal growth; and nutrient utilization. The current investigation presents one of the first-time usages of a substrate mixture, majorly comprising disposed COVID-19 personal protective-equipment (PPE). To devise a sustainable and scalable cellulase-production process, various variable-regulated, continuous-culture auxostats were performed. The glucose concentration-maintaining auxostat recorded consistent endoglucanase titers throughout its feeding-cum-harvest cycles; furthermore, it enhanced oxygen transfer, heat transfer co-efficient, and mass transfer co-efficient by 91.5, 36, and 77%, respectively. Substrate-characterization revealed that an unintended, autoclave-based organsolv pretreatment caused unanticipated increases in endoglucanase titers. The cumulative lab-scale cellulase-production cost was found to be $16.3. The proposed approach is economical, and it offers a pollution-free waste management process, thereby generating carbon credits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit Kumar Ramamoorthy
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India
| | - Revanth Babu Pallam
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India
| | | | | | - Venkateswara Sarma Vemuri
- Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India
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17
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Marzo-Gago C, Unger P, Schneider R, Venus J, López-Gómez JP. Valorising pasta industry wastes by the scale up and integration of solid-state and liquid-submerged fermentations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129909. [PMID: 37918491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Pasta waste has previously been studied in a process to obtain lactic acid through a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation. The process was improved by using enzymes produced via solid-state fermentation of wheat bran in shake flasks. However, the scale-up of the solid-state fermentation is a complex task. In this study, amylase was produced in a home-designed tray bioreactor which allowed to carry out the hydrolysis and fermentation steps at the pilot scale. Due to the efficiency of the solid-state fermentation and the activity of the enzyme, only a small amount (100 g) of wheat bran was required to achieve high yields in a hydrolysis in a 72 L bioreactor (50 L working volume). Overall, the lactic acid yield was 0.68 gLA/gdS, and after the purification, the lactic acid recovered was 55 %, with a total ion concentration of 500 mg/L and an enantiomeric purity of 98.1 % L-LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marzo-Gago
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Peter Unger
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Pablo López-Gómez
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, Germany.
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18
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Choi HW, Park SE, Kim EJ, Seo SH, Woong Whon T, Son HS. Effects of ingredient size on microbial communities and metabolites of radish kimchi. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100950. [PMID: 38144756 PMCID: PMC10739756 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in physicochemical characteristics, microbial communities, and metabolites were investigated to identify the fermentation characteristics of radish kimchi according to the size of radish cubes used. The small-sized radish kimchi group showed the highest hardness value and glucose content in the early stages of fermentation. The relative abundance of major lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Lactobacillus, was the highest in the small-sized radish kimchi group on day 5 of fermentation, which resulted in rapid production of lactic acid, thereby causing a decrease in pH and an increase in titratable acidity. The size of the radish in kimchi plays a pivotal role in determining various factors, most notably during the first 5 days of fermentation, leading to marked metabolic changes. A total of 17 metabolites, including glucose, sucrose, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, and GABA, exhibited significant differences in the small-size radish kimchi group. Interestingly, the sucrose content was higher in the large-sized radish group at the beginning of fermentation. This study revealed that ingredient size can selectively affect the growth of specific microorganisms in an environment where several microorganisms coexist, which could change the quality of radish kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Woong Whon
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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19
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Rajesh R, Gummadi SN. Purification and biochemical characterization of novel α-amylase and cellulase from Bacillus sp. PM06. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38141162 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2288574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. PM06, previously isolated from sugarcane waste pressmud, could produce dual enzymes α-amylase and cellulase. The isolate's crude enzymes were purified homogeneously using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by High Quaternary amine anion exchange chromatography. Purified enzymes revealed the molecular weights of α-amylase and cellulase as 55 and 52 kDa, with a purification fold of 15.4 and 11.5, respectively. The specific activity of purified α-amylase and cellulase were 740.7 and 555.6 U/mg, respectively. It demonstrated a wide range of activity from pH 5.0 to 8.5, with an optimum pH of 5.5 and 6.4 for α-amylase and cellulase. The optimum temperature was 50 °C for α-amylase and 60 °C for cellulase. The kinetic parameters of purified α-amylase were 741.5 ± 3.75 µmol/min/mg, 1.154 ± 0.1 mM, and 589 ± 3.5/(s mM), using starch as a substrate. Whereas cellulase showed 556.3 ± 1.3 µmol/min/mg, 1.78 ± 0.1 mM, and 270.9 ± 3.8/(s mM) of Vmax, Km, Kcat/Km, respectively, using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate. Among the various substrates tested, α-amylase had a higher specificity for amylose and CMC for cellulase. Different inhibitors and activators were also examined. Ca2+ Mg2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ boosted α-amylase and cellulase activities. Cu2+ and Ni2+ both inhibited the enzyme activities. Enzymatic saccharification of wheat bran yielded 253.61 ± 1.7 and 147.5 ± 1.0 mg/g of reducing sugar within 12 and 24 h of incubation when treated with purified α-amylase and cellulase. A more significant amount of 397.7 ± 1.9 mg/g reducing sugars was released from wheat bran due to the synergetic effect of two enzymes. According to scanning electron micrograph analysis, wheat bran was effectively broken down by both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rajesh
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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20
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Sosa-Martínez JD, Montañez J, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Balagurusamy N, Gadi SK, Morales-Oyervides L. Agroindustrial and food processing residues valorization for solid-state fermentation processes: A case for optimizing the co-production of hydrolytic enzymes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119067. [PMID: 37778074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainability, managing agro-industrial and food processing residues (AFR) efficiently is crucial. This study proposes a systematic approach to convert AFR into valuable products via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Using fungal enzyme production as a case study, this adaptable methodology suits any SSF bioprocess. Initially, AFR's physicochemical properties were evaluated to assess their feasible use as carbon sources and solid matrices for SSF. Then, five strains were screened for their capability to produce enzymes (Xylanase, X; pectinase, P; cellulase, C). Apple pomace (AP) and brewery spent grain (BSG) with Aspergillus sp. (strain G5) were selected. Subsequent steps involved a two-phase statistical approach, identifying critical factors and optimizing them. Process conditions were screened using a Plackett-Burman design, narrowing critical variables to three (BSG/AP, pH, humidity). Response Surface Methodology (Central Composite Design) further optimized these factors for co-synthesis of X, P, and C. The humidity had the most significant effect on the three responses. The optimum conditions depended on each enzyme and were further validated to maximize either X, P or C. The obtained extracts were used for pectin extraction from orange peels. The extract containing primarily xylanase (X = 582.39, P = 22.86, C = 26.10 U mL-1) showed major pectin yield recovery (12.33 ± 0.53%) and it was obtained using the optimal settings of BSG/AP (81/19), humidity (50.40%), and pH (4.58). The findings will enable adjusting process conditions to obtain enzymatic cocktails with a tailored composition for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazel Doménica Sosa-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | - Julio Montañez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico
| | | | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreón, Torreón, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Suresh Kumar Gadi
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreón, Torreón, Coahuila, 27276, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Morales-Oyervides
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Coahuila, 25280, Mexico.
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21
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Tripathi M, Lal B, Syed A, Mishra PK, Elgorban AM, Verma M, Singh R, Mohammad A, Srivastava N. Production of fermentable glucose from bioconversion of cellulose using efficient microbial cellulases produced from water hyacinth waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126376. [PMID: 37595712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The economic production of cellulase enzymes for various industrial applications is one of the major research areas. A number of broad industrial applications, for example, in cellulosic biomass hydrolysis for simple sugars such as glucose and subsequent biofuel production, make these enzyme systems the third most demanding enzymes. Nevertheless, due to their production on commercial substrates, cellulases fall into the category of costly enzymes. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to evaluate the enhancement of cellulase production and its utilization in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass using low-cost cellulosic substrate, which is abundant and widely available. In this context, waste biomasses of water hyacinth (WH), including leaves and stems, have been used as feedstock to produce cellulases via solid-state fermentation (SSF) in the current study, which improves its production as well as activity. Furthermore, the impact of process parameters like temperature and pH has been investigated for improved cellulase production. At optimum concentration using 10 g of feedstock, 22 IU/gds of FP, 92 IU/gds of BGL, and 111 IU/gds of EG have been noticed in day 5 of SSF. Herein, 40 °C has been identified as the optimum temperature for cellulase production, whereas 50-55 °C has been recorded as the optimum reaction temperature for cellulase enzyme activity. Additionally, pH 5.5 has been identified as the optimum pH for cellulase enzyme production, whereas this enzyme was thermally stable (55 °C) at pH 5.0 up to 3.5 h. Further, the cellulosic biomass hydrolysis of WH leaves via an optimized crude enzyme has been performed, and this could release 24.34 g/L of glucose in 24 h of the reaction. The current findings may have potential for developing cellulases for mass-scale production using WH-based waste bioresources for numerous biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya 224001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Basant Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India, 221005
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India, 221005.
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22
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Amaral YMS, de Castro RJS. Chicken viscera meal as substrate for the simultaneous production of antioxidant compounds and proteases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1777-1790. [PMID: 37919523 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of chicken waste can contribute to the development of new processes and obtaining molecules with high added value. An experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of moisture, temperature, and inoculum size on the production of antioxidant peptides and proteases by A. oryzae IOC3999 through solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken viscera meal. As a result, the process conditions strongly influenced protease production and antioxidant activity of the fermented products. A global analysis of the results indicated that the most adequate conditions for SSF were (assay 9): 40% initial moisture, 30 °C as the incubation temperature, 5.05 × 106 spores/g as the inoculum size, and 48-h fermentation as the fermentation time. Under this condition, the antioxidant activities for the ABTS- and DPPH-radicals inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods were 376.16, 153.29, and 300.47 (µmol TE/g), respectively, and the protease production reached 428.22 U/g. Ultrafiltration of the crude extract obtained under optimized fermentation conditions was performed, and the fraction containing peptides with molecular mass lower than 3 kDa showed the highest antioxidant activity. The proteases were biochemically characterized and showed maximal activity at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 6.0 and a temperature of 50 °C. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process of thermal protease inactivation is not spontaneous (ΔG*d > 88.78 kJ/mol), increasing with temperature (ΔH*d 27.01-26.88 kJ/mol), and with reduced disorder in the system (ΔS*d < - 197.74 kJ/mol) probably caused by agglomeration of partially denatured enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Matheus Silva Amaral
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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23
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Coronado-Contreras A, Ruelas-Chacón X, Reyes-Acosta YK, Dávila-Medina MD, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Sepúlveda L. Valorization of Prickly Pear Peel Residues ( Opuntia ficus-indica) Using Solid-State Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:4213. [PMID: 38231671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Prickly pear peel (Opuntia ficus-indica) residues can be used as a substrate in solid-state fermentation to obtain bioactive compounds. The kinetic growth of some Aspergillus strains was evaluated. A Box-Hunter and Hunter design to evaluate the independent factors was used. These factors were temperature (°C), inoculum (spores/g), humidity (%), pH, NaNO3 (g/L), MgSO4 (g/L), KCl (g/L), and KH2PO4 (g/L). The response factors were the amount of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of fermentation extracts was evaluated. Aspergillus niger strains GH1 and HT3 were the best for accumulating tannins. The humidity, inoculum, and temperature affect the release of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. Treatment 13 (low values for temperature, inoculum, NaNO3, MgSO4; and high values for humidity, pH, KCl, KH2PO4) resulted in 32.9 mg/g of condensed tannins being obtained; while treatment 16 (high values for all the factors evaluated) resulted in 3.5 mg/g of hydrolyzable tannins being obtained. In addition, the fermented extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to the unfermented extracts. Treatments 13 and 16 showed low inhibition of E. coli, Alternaria sp., and Botrytis spp. The solid-state fermentation process involving prickly pear peel residues favors the accumulation of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins, with antioxidant and antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xochitl Ruelas-Chacón
- Food Science and Technology Department, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Yadira K Reyes-Acosta
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Juan A Ascacio-Valdés
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Sepúlveda
- School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico
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24
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El-Sayed SE, Abdelaziz NA, Ali AA, Alshahrani MY, Aboshanab KM, El-Housseiny GS. Identification, Characterization, and Production Optimization of 6-Methoxy-1H-Indole-2-Carboxylic Acid Antifungal Metabolite Produced by Bacillus toyonensis Isolate OQ071612. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2835. [PMID: 38137979 PMCID: PMC10745709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections currently pose a real threat to human lives. In the current study, soil bacterial isolates were screened for the production of antifungal compounds to combat human fungal pathogens. Notably, the bacterial F1 isolate exhibited antimycotic action towards the Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger clinical isolates. By employing phenotypic and molecular techniques, we identified the F1 isolate as the Bacillus toyonensis isolate OQ071612. The purified extract showed stability within a pH range of 6-7 and at temperatures of up to 50 °C. It demonstrated potential antifungal activity in the presence of various surfactants, detergents, and enzymes. The purified extract was identified as 6-methoxy-1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid using advanced spectroscopic techniques. To optimize the antifungal metabolite production, we utilized response surface methodology (RSM) with a face-centered central composite design, considering nutritional and environmental variables. The optimal conditions were as follows: starch (5 g/L), peptone (5 g/L), agitation rate of 150 rpm, pH 6, and 40 °C temperature. A confirmatory experiment validated the accuracy of the optimization process, resulting in an approximately 3.49-fold increase in production. This is the first documented report on the production and characterization of 6-methoxy-1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA) antifungal metabolite from Bacillus toyonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed E. El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt; (S.E.E.-S.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Neveen A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt; (S.E.E.-S.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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25
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Ortega-Hernández E, Martinez-Alvarado L, Acosta-Estrada BA, Antunes-Ricardo M. Solid-State Fermented Pineapple Peel: A Novel Food Ingredient with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Foods 2023; 12:4162. [PMID: 38002219 PMCID: PMC10670571 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that pineapple (Ananas comosus) contains healthy nutrients and phytochemicals associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. However, a substantial amount of pineapple residue is produced due to a lack of valorization applications at the industrial scale, resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is proposed as an innovative strategy to enhance the release of bound phenolics from pineapple residues. In this work, the effects of SSF of pineapple peels with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Aspergillus oryzae on the release of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated, respectively. Pineapple peel extracts after SSF showed an increase in the release of phenolic compounds (248.11% with L. plantarum, 182% with A. oryzae, and 180.10% with L. rhamnosus), which led to an increase in the cellular antioxidant (81.94% with L. rhamnosus) and anti-inflammatory potential (nitric oxide inhibition of 62% with L. rhamnosus) compared to non-fermented extracts. Therefore, SSF of pineapple peels with L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, and A. oryzae thrives as a new approach for the production of secondary metabolites with remarkable biological benefits, which can be the precursors for novel biofortified and nutraceutical-enriched foods that meet the needs of the most demanding and health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Lucio Martinez-Alvarado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Beatriz A. Acosta-Estrada
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey CP 64849, Mexico
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Lee YS, Ku KL, Chen PY, Chen KL. The fermented product of high-yield surfactin strain Bacillus subtilis LYS1 improves the growth performance and intestinal villi morphology in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102839. [PMID: 37660450 PMCID: PMC10491725 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to select Bacillus spp. for surfactin production by solid-state fermentation and to investigate the physiochemical characterizations of the fermented product (FP) and its effect on growth performance, carcass trait, intestinal morphology, and clinical blood biochemistry of broilers. Accordingly, the correlations between the functional components of FP and the growth performance of broilers are elucidated. Four hundred eighty 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to dietary supplementation of 2.5% fish meal, 2.5% unfermented product, or 2.5% FP produced by Bacillus subtilis LYS1 (LYS1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Da16, B. subtilis Lo6 (Lo6), B. subtilis NSN7, B. subtilis subsp. natto N21, or B. subtilis N12. Each treatment had 6 replicates. The experimental period was 5 wk. Results showed that the Lo6 showed the highest protease activity among all fermented groups. The LYS1 showed the highest surfactin yields (10.69 mg/g) among all fermented groups (P < 0.05). The weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) of LYS1 group were significantly better than unfermented group at 0 to 3 and 0 to 5-wk-old (P < 0.05). The Bacillus-like counts and surfactin content of FP were moderately correlated to WG (0.7 > r > 0.3), FCR (-0.3 > r > -0.7), and PEF (0.7 > r > 0.3) at 0 to 3 and 0 to 5-wk-old (P < 0.05). The protease activity of FP was moderately correlated to WG (0.7 > r > 0.3), FCR (-0.3 > r > -0.7), and PEF (0.7 > r > 0.3) at 0 to 3-wk-old (P < 0.05). The villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum of fish meal group and LYS1 group were higher than unfermented group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LYS1 shows the highest surfactin yields. Diets supplemented with 2.5% LYS1 FP can improve the growth performance and the development of intestinal villi in broilers. Moreover, this study proves that the surfactin content, Bacillus-like counts, and protease activity of FP show a correlation to the growth performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Sheng Lee
- Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Ku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Research Institute, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi city, Taiwan.
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27
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Li X, Chen S, Zhao L, Zeng X, Liu Y, Li C, Yang Q. Effect of lactic acid bacteria by different concentrations of copper based on non-target metabolomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107568-107579. [PMID: 37737949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element for mammals, but excess intake can have detrimental health consequences. However, Cu is no longer present in the "Limit of Contaminants in Foods" promulgated in 2022. The potential impact of different Cu (II) concentrations on human health remains unclear. In this study, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CICC 23121 (L23121), was selected as a prebiotic indicator strain to indirectly assess the effects of food-limited Cu (II) concentrations (issued by Tolerance limit of copper in foods in 1994) on the functions of intestinal microbes. We used non-target metabolomics, automatic growth curve detector, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the effects of Cu (II) on L23121. The study revealed shows that the 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of Cu (II) for most lactic acid bacteria was 4 mg/L. At low Cu (II) concentrations (≤ 4 mg/L), the pentose phosphate pathway and pyrimidine metabolism of the lactic acid bacteria were affected, resulting in a decrease in the content of beneficial secondary metabolites and a significant decrease in the cell activity. As Cu (II) concentrations increase (≥ 6 mg/L), the key amino acid and lipid metabolisms were affected, leading to the inhibition of growth and primary metabolite production of the bacteria. Under high concentration of Cu (II) (6 mg/L), the surface adhesion of the bacteria was distorted and covered with significantly large particles, and the functional groups of the cells were significantly shifted. As a probiotic, the abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine is significantly reduced, which will inevitably seriously damage intestinal homeostasis. Thus, to protect human intestinal microbes' health, it is recommended to limit the concentration of Cu in food to less than 4 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shiyue Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chaochuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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28
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Zhang Q, Yang S, Yang Z, Zheng T, Li P, Zhou Q, Cai W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ji X, Li D. Effects of a novel microbial fermentation medium produced by Tremella aurantialba SCT-F3 on cigar filler leaf. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267916. [PMID: 37808308 PMCID: PMC10556473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adding a fermentation medium is an effective way to improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Methods A novel microbial fermentation medium produced by an edible medicinal fungus, Tremella aurantialba SCT-F3 (CGMCC No.23831) was used to improve the quality of cigar filler leaves (CFLs). Changes in sensory quality, chemical components, volatile flavor compounds (VFCs), and the structure and function of microbes were investigated during the fermentation process. Results The sensory quality of CFLs supplemented with the T. aurantialba SCT-F3 fermentation medium significantly improved. Adding the fermentation medium increased the total alkaloid, reducing sugar, total sugar, and 12 VFCs significantly. A total of 31 microbial genera were significantly enriched, which increased the microbial community's richness and diversity. Microbial functions increased, including nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis, nicotine degradation, and nicotinate degradation. During fermentation, the total alkaloid, reducing sugar, and total sugar content decreased. The richness and diversity of the microbial community decreased, whereas bacterial enzyme activity increased. At the end of fermentation, the sensory quality was excellent. The microbial structure gradually stabilized, and functional genes were low. The contents of the four Maillard reaction products and three nicotine degradation products increased significantly. 2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, methylpyrazine, D,L-anatabine, β-nicotyrine, nicotinic degradation products, and total nitrogen were significantly and positively correlated with sensory quality. Methylpyrazine, D,L-anatabine, and β-nicotyrine were negatively correlated with Luteimonas, Mitochondria, Paracoccus, Stemphylium, and Stenotrophomonas. Conclusion This research provides not only a new microbial fermentation medium that utilizes edible and medicinal fungi to improve the quality of fermented CFLs, but also new ideas for the development and application of other edible medicinal fungi to improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Zhang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Tianfei Zheng
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pinhe Li
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Quanwei Zhou
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Ji
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco (China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd.), Cigar Technology Innovation Center of China Tobacco, Chengdu, China
- Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Shifang, China
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Dwivedi S, Yadav K, Gupta S, Tanveer A, Yadav S, Yadav D. Fungal pectinases: an insight into production, innovations and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:305. [PMID: 37691054 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The fungal system holds morphological plasticity and metabolic versatility which makes it unique. Fungal habitat ranges from the Arctic region to the fertile mainland, including tropical rainforests, and temperate deserts. They possess a wide range of lifestyles behaving as saprophytic, parasitic, opportunistic, and obligate symbionts. These eukaryotic microbes can survive any living condition and adapt to behave as extremophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, or even psychrophile organisms. This behaviour has been exploited to yield microbial enzymes which can survive in extreme environments. The cost-effective production, stable catalytic behaviour and ease of genetic manipulation make them prominent sources of several industrially important enzymes. Pectinases are a class of pectin-degrading enzymes that show different mechanisms and substrate specificities to release end products. The pectinase family of enzymes is produced by microbial sources such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, plants, and animals. Fungal pectinases having high specificity for natural sources and higher stabilities and catalytic activities make them promising green catalysts for industrial applications. Pectinases from different microbial sources have been investigated for their industrial applications. However, their relevance in the food and textile industries is remarkable and has been extensively studied. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the current findings on fungal pectinases targeting diverse sources of fungal strains, their production by fermentation techniques, and a summary of purification strategies. Studies on pectinases regarding innovations comprising bioreactor-based production, immobilization of pectinases, in silico and expression studies, directed evolution, and omics-driven approaches specifically by fungal microbiota have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India.
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Talwar P, Upadhyay A, Verma N, Singh R, Lindenberger C, Pareek N, Kovalev AA, Zhuravleva EA, Litti YV, Masakapalli SK, Vivekanand V. Utilization of agricultural residues for energy and resource recovery towards a sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29500-x. [PMID: 37667121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pre-treatment using Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) was carried out on individual and combinations of agro-waste wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), and pearl millet straw (PMS) with the addition of biochar (5%,7.5% and 10%) to reduce the pre-treatment duration. Further remaining substrate known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was used in anaerobic digestor (AD) for estimation enhanced biomethane yield. Equal ratios of RS + WS, WS + PMS, PMS + RS, and RS + PMS + WS and biochar addition were taken for enhancing pre-treatment, PO growth and AD process. The extent of pre-treatment was recorded with the maximum lignin removal of 40.4% for RS + PMS + WS as compared to untreated counterparts and 0.5%, 2.2%, and 3.3% times more lignin removal from individual PMS, RS, and WS respectively. Addition of biochar to the substrates reduced the total pre-treatment duration by days as compared to the non-biochar substrates. Biological efficiency (BE) used for the analysis of mushroom growth varied from 51-92%. Further, the average bio-methane yield was 187 ml/gVS for SMS of PMS + WS + RS with 10% biochar indicating an increment of 83.33% from untreated SMS of PMS + WS + RS. This, higher biomethane yield was 9.35%, 22.22% and 57.14% times higher than individual SMS of PMS, RS, and WS respectively. The current study shows that biochar not only enhances the bio-methane yield but also reduces the biological pre-treatment duration and removes the dependency on one lignocellulosic biomass for energy (bio-methane) and food (mushroom) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Talwar
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Apoorva Upadhyay
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nikita Verma
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rickwinder Singh
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Christoph Lindenberger
- University of Applied Sciences Amberg-Weiden, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224, Amberg, Germany
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Sports Bio-Sciences, School of Sports Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Andrey A Kovalev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM", 1St Institutskiy Proezd, 5, 109428, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Zhuravleva
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy V Litti
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, 21 175075, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India.
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Michaliski LF, Ióca LP, Oliveira LS, Crnkovic CM, Takaki M, Freire VF, Berlinck RGS. Improvement of Targeted Fungi Secondary Metabolite Production Using a Systematic Experimental Design and Chemometrics Analysis. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:77. [PMID: 37736960 PMCID: PMC10514814 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are well-known producers of chemically diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. However, their production yields through fermentation may hamper structural analysis and biological activity downstream investigations. Herein, a systematic experimental design that varies multiple cultivation parameters, followed by chemometrics analysis on HPLC-UV-MS or UHPLC-HRMS/MS data, is presented to enhance the production yield of fungal natural products. The overall procedure typically requires 3-4 months of work when first developed, and up to 3 months as a routine procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamonielli F. Michaliski
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Laura P. Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor F. Freire
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
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Martínez-Rodríguez OP, García-Contreras R, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Figueroa M. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of fungal metabolites on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) mediated by SarA and AgrA. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:830-837. [PMID: 37929585 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2276926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increases its antibiotic resistance by forming biofilms. Natural products (NP) or specialized metabolites have demonstrated their ability to decrease the virulence and pathogenesis of MRSA infections by inhibiting biofilm formation. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential against MRSA of a small library of fungal NP isolated from Mexican biodiversity. The most potent antibacterial activity was observed for myrotecisin B, epiequisetin, equisetin, stachybotrolide acetate, monorden A, zearalenone, fuscin, and fusarubin. On the other hand, epifiscalin C, fiscalin C, dimethylglyotoxin, aspernolide B, and butyrolactones I and IV inhibited the biofilm formation without decreasing bacterial growth. To determine the putative mechanism of action of these compounds, docking analyses were performed against SarA and AgrA proteins, targets known to regulate biofilm production in MRSA. Overall, the results demonstrate that fungal NP may act as potential antibiofilm agents for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
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Correia J, Borges A, Simões M, Simões LC. Beyond Penicillin: The Potential of Filamentous Fungi for Drug Discovery in the Age of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1250. [PMID: 37627670 PMCID: PMC10451904 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are a staple in current medicine for the therapy of infectious diseases. However, their extensive use and misuse, combined with the high adaptability of bacteria, has dangerously increased the incidence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This makes the treatment of infections challenging, especially when MDR bacteria form biofilms. The most recent antibiotics entering the market have very similar modes of action to the existing ones, so bacteria rapidly catch up to those as well. As such, it is very important to adopt effective measures to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria, but also to perform bioprospecting of new molecules from diverse sources to expand the arsenal of drugs that are available to fight these infectious bacteria. Filamentous fungi have a large and vastly unexplored secondary metabolome and are rich in bioactive molecules that can be potential novel antimicrobial drugs. Their production can be challenging, as the associated biosynthetic pathways may not be active under standard culture conditions. New techniques involving metabolic and genetic engineering can help boost antibiotic production. This study aims to review the bioprospection of fungi to produce new drugs to face the growing problem of MDR bacteria and biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Correia
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia C. Simões
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Egbune EO, Ezedom T, Orororo OC, Egbune OU, Avwioroko OJ, Aganbi E, Anigboro AA, Tonukari NJ. Solid-state fermentation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:259. [PMID: 37493900 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising technology for producing value-added products from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). In this process, microorganisms are grown on cassava biomass without the presence of free-flowing liquid. Compared to other processing methods, SSF has several advantages, such as lower costs, reduced water usage, and higher product yields. By enhancing the content of bioactive compounds like antioxidants and phenolic compounds, SSF can also improve the nutritional value of cassava-based products. Various products, including enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels, have been produced using SSF of cassava. Additionally, SSF can help minimize waste generated during cassava processing by utilizing cassava waste as a substrate, which can reduce environmental pollution. The process has also been explored for the production of feed and food products such as tempeh and cassava flour. However, optimizing the process conditions, selecting suitable microbial strains, and developing cost-effective production processes are essential for the successful commercialization of SSF of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egoamaka O Egbune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria.
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria.
| | - Theresa Ezedom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Osuvwe C Orororo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Olisemeke U Egbune
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Oghenetega J Avwioroko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Eferhire Aganbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Georgia State University, J. Mack Robinson College of Business, 3348 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30326, USA
| | - Akpovwehwee A Anigboro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Nyerhovwo J Tonukari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta state University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
- Tonukari Biotechnology Laboratory, Sapele, Delta state, Nigeria
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Parashiva J, Nuthan BR, Bharatha M, Praveen R, Tejashwini P, Satish S. Response surface methodology based optimized production, purification, and characterization of L-asparaginase from Fusarium foetens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:252. [PMID: 37442849 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is used as one of the prime chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L-asparaginase obtained from bacteria exhibits hypersensitive reactions including various side effects. The present work aimed to optimize growth parameters for maximum production of L-asparaginase by Fusarium foetens through response surface methodology, its purification, and characterization. The optimization of L-asparaginase production by Fusarium foetens was initially done through a one-factor-at-a-time method. L-asparaginase production was further optimized using a central composite design based response surface methodology. The maximum L-asparaginase activity of 12.83 IU/ml was obtained under the following growth conditions; temperature-27.5 °C, pH-8, inoculum concentration-1.5 × 106 spores/ml, and incubation period-7 days. In comparison with the unoptimized growth conditions (4.58 IU/ml), the optimization led to a 2.65-fold increase in the L-asparaginase activity. The L-asparaginase from Fusarium foetens was purified 15.60-fold, with a yield of 39.89% using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. After purification, the L-asparaginase activity was determined to be 127.26 IU/ml and the specific activity was found to be 231.38 IU/mg. The molecular mass was estimated to be approximately 37 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 5, and a temperature of 40 °C. The enzyme showed 100% specificity towards L-asparagine and no activity towards L-glutamine. Its activity was enhanced by Mn2+, Fe2+, and Mg2, while it was inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol and EDTA. The Km and Vmax of the purified L-asparaginase were found to be 23.82 mM and 210.3 IU/ml respectively. The results suggest that Fusarium foetens could be a potent candidate for the bioprocessing of L-asparaginase at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaraiah Parashiva
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | | | - Madeva Bharatha
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Raju Praveen
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Purushotham Tejashwini
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Sreedharamurthy Satish
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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Naik B, Kumar V, Goyal SK, Dutt Tripathi A, Mishra S, Joakim Saris PE, Kumar A, Rizwanuddin S, Kumar V, Rustagi S. Pullulanase: unleashing the power of enzyme with a promising future in the food industry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139611. [PMID: 37449089 PMCID: PMC10337586 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pullulanases are the most important industrial group of enzymes in family 13 glycosyl hydrolases. They hydrolyze either α-1,6 and α-1,4 or both glycosidic bonds in pullulan as well as other carbohydrates to produce glucose, maltose, and maltotriose syrups, which have important uses in food and other related sectors. However, very less reports are available on pullulanase production from native strains because of low yield issues. In line with the increasing demands for pullulanase, it has become important to search for novel pullulanase-producing microorganisms with high yields. Moreover, high production costs and low yield are major limitations in the industrial production of pullulanase enzymes. The production cost of pullulanase by using the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process can be minimized by selecting agro-industrial waste. This review summarizes the types, sources, production strategies, and potential applications of pullulanase in different food and other related industries. Researchers should focus on fungal strains producing pullulanase for better yield and low production costs by using agro-waste. It will prove a better enzyme in different food processing industries and will surely reduce the cost of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Naik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - S. K. Goyal
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Per Erik Joakim Saris
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sheikh Rizwanuddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, UCLAS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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Vilas-Franquesa A, Casertano M, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Torres-León C. Recent advances in bio-based extraction processes for the recovery of bound phenolics from agro-industrial by-products and their biological activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37366277 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical update on recent advances in green techniques for the recovery of BPC, focusing on enzymatic-assisted (EAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) as well as in the combination of technologies, showing variable yield and features. The present review also summarizes the most recent biological activities attributed to BPC extracts until now. The higher antioxidant activity of BPC-compared to FPC-coupled with their affordable by-product source make them medicinally potent and economically viable, promoting their integral upcycling and generating new revenue streams, business, and employment opportunities. In addition, EAE and FAE can have a biotransformative effect on the PC itself or its moiety, leading to improved extraction outcomes. Moreover, recent research on BPC extracts has reported promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activity. Yet further research is needed to elucidate their biological mechanisms and exploit the true potential of their applications in terms of new food products or ingredient development for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Vilas-Franquesa
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Melania Casertano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XIA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Torres-León
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreón, Viesca, Coahuila, Mexico
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Mattedi A, Sabbi E, Farda B, Djebaili R, Mitra D, Ercole C, Cacchio P, Del Gallo M, Pellegrini M. Solid-State Fermentation: Applications and Future Perspectives for Biostimulant and Biopesticides Production. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1408. [PMID: 37374910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the expansion of the green products market and the worldwide policies and strategies directed toward a green revolution and ecological transition, the demand for innovative approaches is always on the rise. Among the sustainable agricultural approaches, microbial-based products are emerging over time as effective and feasible alternatives to agrochemicals. However, the production, formulation, and commercialization of some products can be challenging. Among the main challenges are the industrial production processes that ensure the quality of the product and its cost on the market. In the context of a circular economy, solid-state fermentation (SSF) might represent a smart approach to obtaining valuable products from waste and by-products. SSF enables the growth of various microorganisms on solid surfaces in the absence or near absence of free-flowing water. It is a valuable and practical method and is used in the food, pharmaceutical, energy, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, the application of this technology in the production of formulations useful in agriculture is still limited. This review summarizes the literature dealing with SSF agricultural applications and the future perspective of its use in sustainable agriculture. The survey showed good potential for SSF to produce biostimulants and biopesticides useful in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mattedi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Enrico Sabbi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Beatrice Farda
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rihab Djebaili
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj 733134, India
| | - Claudia Ercole
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Cacchio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maddalena Del Gallo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marika Pellegrini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Li Y, Hao Q, Duan C, Ding Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Integrated Microbiota and Metabolome Analysis to Assess the Effects of the Solid-State Fermentation of Corn-Soybean Meal Feed Using Compound Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1319. [PMID: 37317292 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation is known to improve plant-based feed nutritional quality; however, the association between microbes and metabolite production in fermented feed remains unclear. We inoculated corn-soybean-wheat bran (CSW) meal feed with Bacillus licheniformis Y5-39, Bacillus subtilis B-1, and lactic acid bacteria RSG-1. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic profiling were applied to investigate changes in the microflora and metabolites, respectively, and their integrated correlations during fermentation were assessed. The results indicated that trichloroacetic acid soluble protein levels showed a sharp increase, while glycinin and β-conglycinin levels showed a sharp decrease in the fermented feed, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus were predominant in the fermented feed. Overall, 699 significantly different metabolites were identified before and after fermentation. Arginine and proline, cysteine and methionine, and phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism were the key pathways, with arginine and proline metabolism being the most important pathway in the fermentation process. By analyzing the correlation between the microbiota and metabolite production, lysyl-valine and lysyl-proline levels were found to be positively correlated with Enterococcus and Lactobacillus abundance. However, Pediococcus was positively correlated with some metabolites contributing to nutritional status and immune function. According to our data, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus mainly participate in protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and lactic acid production in fermented feed. Our results provide new insights into the dynamic changes in metabolism that occurred during the solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal feed using compound strains and should facilitate the optimization of fermentation production efficiency and feed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qinghong Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lokai South Street, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yawei Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lokai South Street, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Hebei Province Feed Microorganism Technology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lokai South Street, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yunxia Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lokai South Street, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lokai South Street, Baoding 071001, China
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Ansari SA, Shakeel A, Sawarkar R, Maddalwar S, Khan D, Singh L. Additive facilitated co-composting of lignocellulosic biomass waste, approach towards minimizing greenhouse gas emissions: An up to date review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115529. [PMID: 36822534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the composting of lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging waste-to-wealth approach towards organic waste management and circular economy, it still has some environmental loopholes that must be addressed to make it more sustainable and reliable. The significant difficulties encountered when composting lignocellulosic waste biomass are consequently discussed in this study, as well as the advances in science that have been achieved throughout time to handle these problems in a sustainable manner. It discusses an important global concern, the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting process which limits its applicability on a broader scale. Furthermore, it discusses in detail, how different organic minerals and biological additives modify the physiochemical and biological characteristics of compost, aiming at developing eco-friendly compost with minimum odor, greenhouse gases emission and an optimum C/N ratio. It brings novel insights by demonstrating the effect of additives on the microbial enzymes and their pathways involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. This review also highlights the limitations of the application of additives in composting and suggests possible ways to overcome these limitations in the future for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of agricultural waste. The present review concludes that the use of additives in the co-composting of lignocellulosic biomass can be a viable remedy for the ongoing issues with the management of lignocellulosic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Aneesh Ansari
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Riya Sawarkar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Shrirang Maddalwar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Debishree Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Lal Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
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Lu MK, Chao CH, Chang TY, Cheng MC, Hsu YC, Chang CC. A branched 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-galactoglucan from Antrodia cinnamomea exhibits moderate antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124559. [PMID: 37100312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated galactoglucan (3-SS) was discovered in Antrodia cinnamomea with antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Chemical identification of 3-SS resulted in the determination of a partial repeat unit as a 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-linked galactoglucan with a two-residual 1,6-O-β-Glc branch on the 3-O position of a Glc. by monosaccharide analysis and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The anti-inflammation effects of 3-SS on RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL-6 inhibition, restoration of LPS-induced IκB protein degradation, and inhibited LPS-induced TGFRII protein degradation, were confirmed to occur via AKT, ERK1/2, and p-38. In addition, 3-SS impaired the proliferation of H1975 lung cancer cells through EGFR/ERK/slug signaling. This is the first finding of 2-O sulfated 1,3-/1,4-galactoglucan with 1,6-β-Glc branches with dual functions of anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-Yuan Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Che Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chuan Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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42
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Molina-Peñate E, Del Carmen Vargas-García M, Artola A, Sánchez A. Filling in the gaps in biowaste biorefineries: The use of the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of biopesticides through solid-state fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:92-103. [PMID: 36871406 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative production processes using waste are necessary to preserve non-renewable resources and prevent scarcity of materials for future generations. Biowaste, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, is abundant and easily available. It can be fractionated into building blocks for which fermentative processes can be designed. By using solid-state fermentation, this paper proposes a method of valorizing biowaste's residual solid fraction after enzymatic hydrolysis. In a 22 L bioreactor, two digestates from anaerobic digestion processes were evaluated as cosubstrates to modify the acidic pH of the solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis and promote the growth of the bacterial biopesticide producer Bacillus thuringiensis. Regardless of the cosubstrate used, the final microbial populations were similar indicating microbial specialization. The final product contained 4 × 108 spores per gram of dry matter and also crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis, which have insecticidal activity against pests. This method allows for the sustainable use of all materials liberated during the enzymatic hydrolysis of biowaste, including residual solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Molina-Peñate
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Aeris Tecnologías Ambientales S.L, Carrer Santa Rosa, 38, local, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Vargas-García
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almeria, International Excellence Campus of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Crta. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Adriana Artola
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- GICOM Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Kamat S, Kumari M, Sajna KV, Singh SK, Kumar A, Jayabaskaran C. Improved Chrysin Production by a Combination of Fermentation Factors and Elicitation from Chaetomium globosum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040999. [PMID: 37110422 PMCID: PMC10146793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids encompass a heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites with exceptional health benefits. Chrysin, a natural dihydroxyflavone, possesses numerous bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antioxidative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, using traditional sources of chrysin involves extracting honey from plants, which is non-scalable, unsustainable, and depends on several factors, including geography, climatic conditions, and the season, which limits its production at a larger scale. Recently, microbial production of desirable metabolites has garnered attention due to the cost-effectiveness, easy scale-up, sustainability, and low emission of waste. We previously reported for the first time the chrysin-producing marine endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, associated with a marine green alga. To extend our understanding of chrysin biosynthesis in C. globosum, in the present study, we have assessed the presence of flavonoid pathway intermediates in C. globosum extracts using LC-MS/MS. The presence of several key metabolites, such as dihydrokaempferol, chalcone, galangin, baicalein, chrysin, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, and p-Cinnamoyl-CoA, indicates the role of flavonoid biosynthesis machinery in the marine fungus. Further, we have aimed to enhance the production of chrysin with three different strategies: (1) optimizing the fermentation parameters, namely, growth medium, incubation time, pH, and temperature; (2) feeding key flavonoid pathway intermediates, i.e., phenylalanine and cinnamic acid; (3) elicitation with biotic elicitors, such as polysaccharide, yeast extract, and abiotic elicitors that include UV radiation, salinity, and metal stress. The combined effect of the optimized parameters resulted in a 97-fold increase in the chrysin yield, resulting in a fungal cell factory. This work reports the first approach for enhanced production of chrysin and can serve as a template for flavonoid production enhancement using marine endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kuttuvan Valappil Sajna
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Celignis Biomass Analysis Laboratory, V94 7Y42 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Šelo G, Planinić M, Tišma M, Martinović J, Perković G, Bucić-Kojić A. Bioconversion of Grape Pomace with Rhizopus oryzae under Solid-State Conditions: Changes in the Chemical Composition and Profile of Phenolic Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040956. [PMID: 37110379 PMCID: PMC10143194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is a sustainable source of bioactive phenolic compounds used in various industries. The recovery of phenolic compounds could be improved by biological pretreatment of grape pomace, as they are released from the lignocellulose structure by the activity of the enzymes produced. The influence of grape pomace pretreatment with Rhizopus oryzae under solid-state conditions (SSF) on the phenolic profile and chemical composition changes was studied. SSF was performed in laboratory jars and in a tray bioreactor for 15 days. Biological pretreatment of grape pomace resulted in an increase in the content of 11 individual phenolic compounds (from 1.1 to 2.5-fold). During SSF, changes in the chemical composition of the grape pomace were observed, including a decrease in ash, protein, and sugar content, and an increase in fat, cellulose, and lignin content. A positive correlation (r > 0.9) was observed between lignolytic enzymes and the hydrolytic enzyme’s xylanase and stilbene content. Finally, after 15 days of SSF, a weight loss of GP of 17.6% was observed. The results indicate that SSF under experimental conditions is a sustainable bioprocess for the recovery of phenolic compounds and contributes to the zero-waste concept by reducing waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Šelo
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Planinić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marina Tišma
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Martinović
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gabriela Perković
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Bucić-Kojić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia
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45
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Ma YC, Huang P, Wang XL, Liu GQ. Multi-omics analysis unravels positive effect of rotenone on the cordycepin biosynthesis in submerged fermentation of Cordyceps militaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128705. [PMID: 36746212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin is the key pharmacologically active compound of Cordyceps militaris, and various fermentation strategies have been developed to increase cordycepin production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rotenone on cordycepin biosynthesis in submerged fermentation of C. militaris, and also to explore its possible induction mechanisms via multi-omics analysis. Adding 5 mg/L rotenone significantly increased the cordycepin production by 316.09 %, along with mycelial growth inhibition and cell wall destruction. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis and metabolomic analysis revealed the accumulation of cordycepin was promoted by alterations in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways. Finally, the integration analysis of the two omics confirmed rotenone altered the nucleotide metabolism pathway toward adenosine and up-regulated the cordycepin synthesis genes (cns1-3) to convert adenosine to cordycepin. This work reports, for the first time, rotenone could act as an effective inducer of cordycepin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Chu Ma
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Microbial Variety Creation Center, Hunan Provincial Laboratory of Yuelushan Seed Industry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ping Huang
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Microbial Variety Creation Center, Hunan Provincial Laboratory of Yuelushan Seed Industry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Microbial Variety Creation Center, Hunan Provincial Laboratory of Yuelushan Seed Industry, Changsha 410004, China.
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Bhattacharya R, Sachin S, Sivakumar R, Ghosh S. Solid-state fermentation-based enzyme-assisted extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil from Nannochloropsis sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128763. [PMID: 36813049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic treatment of microalgal biomass is a promising approach for extraction of microalgal lipid, but high cost of commercially sourcing enzyme is a major drawback in industrial implementation. Present study involves extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil from Nannochloropsis sp. biomass using low cost cellulolytic enzymes produced from Trichoderma reesei in a solid-state fermentation bioreactor. Maximum total fatty acid recovery of 369.4 ± 4.6 mg/g dry weight (total fatty acid yield of 77%) was achieved in 12 h from the enzymatically treated microalgal cells, of which the eicosapentaenoic acid content was 11%. Sugar release of 1.70 ± 0.05 g/L was obtained post enzymatic treatment at 50 °C. The enzyme was reused thrice for cell wall disruption without compromising on total fatty acid yield. Additionally, high protein content of 47% in the defatted biomass could be explored as a potential aquafeed, thus enhancing the overall economics and sustainability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikamal Bhattacharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sharika Sachin
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rohith Sivakumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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47
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Sharma S, Singh S, Sarma SJ. Challenges and advancements in bioprocess intensification of fungal secondary metabolite: kojic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:140. [PMID: 36995482 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Kojic acid is a fungal secondary metabolite commonly known as a tyrosinase inhibitor, that acts as a skin-whitening agent. Its applications are widely distributed in the area of cosmetics, medicine, food, and chemical synthesis. Renewable resources are the alternative feedstocks that can fulfill the demand for free sugars which are fermented for the production of kojic acid. This review highlights the current progress and importance of bioprocessing of kojic acid from various types of competitive and non-competitive renewable feedstocks. The bioprocessing advancements, secondary metabolic pathway networks, gene clusters and regulations, strain improvement, and process design have also been discussed. The importance of nitrogen sources, amino acids, ions, agitation, and pH has been summarized. Two fungal species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae are found to be extensively studied for kojic acid production due to their versatile substrate utilization and high titer ability. The potential of A. flavus to be a competitive industrial strain for large-scale production of kojic acid has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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48
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Cui Y, Peng S, Deng D, Yu M, Tian Z, Song M, Luo J, Ma X, Ma X. Solid-state fermentation improves the quality of chrysanthemum waste as an alternative feed ingredient. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117060. [PMID: 36587550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum waste (CW) is an agricultural and industrial by-product produced during chrysanthemum harvesting, drying, preservation, and deep processing. Although it is nutritious, most CW is discarded, wasting resources and contributing to serious environmental problems. This work explored a solid-state fermentation (SSF) strategy to improve CW quality for use as an alternative feed ingredient. Orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal conditions for fermented chrysanthemum waste (FCW) were: CW to cornmeal mass ratio of 9:1, Pediococcus cellaris + Candida tropicalis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens proportions of 2:2:1, inoculation amount of 6%, and fermentation time of 10 d. Compared with the control group, FCW significantly increased the contents of crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, and total flavonoids (p < 0.01), and significantly decreased pH and saponin content (p < 0.01). SSF improved the free and hydrolyzed amino acid profiles of FCW, increased the content of flavor amino acids, and improved the amino acid composition of FCW protein. Overall, SSF improved CW nutritional quality. FCW shows potential use as a feed ingredient, and SSF helps reduce the waste of chrysanthemum processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Su Peng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Guangzhou Pastoral Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Xinyan Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China.
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Wainaina S, Taherzadeh MJ. Automation and artificial intelligence in filamentous fungi-based bioprocesses: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128421. [PMID: 36462761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing their powerful metabolic versatility, filamentous fungi can be utilized in bioprocesses aimed at achieving circular economy. With the current digital transformation within the biomanufacturing sector, the interest of automating fungi-based systems has intensified. The purpose of this paper was therefore to review the potentials connected to the use of automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based systems. Automation is characterized by the substitution of manual tasks with mechanized tools. Artificial intelligence is, on the other hand, a domain within computer science that aims at designing tools and machines with the capacity to execute functions that would usually require human aptitude. Process flexibility, enhanced data reliability and increased productivity are some of the benefits of integrating automation and artificial intelligence in fungi-based bioprocesses. One of the existing gaps that requires further investigation is the use of such data-based technologies in the production of food from fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wainaina
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
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50
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Anand KP, Suthindhiran K. Microbial signature and biosynthetic gene cluster profiling of poly extremophilic marine actinobacteria isolated from Vhan Island, Tamil Nadu, India. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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