1
|
Xiao X, Yuan C, Li T, Fock J, Svedlindh P, Tian B. Optomagnetic biosensors: Volumetric sensing based on magnetic actuation-induced optical modulations. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114560. [PMID: 35841765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to alternative nanomaterials, magnetic micron/nano-sized particles show unique advantages, e.g., easy manipulation, stable signal, and high contrast. By applying magnetic actuation, magnetic particles exert forces on target objects for highly selective operation even in non-purified samples. We herein describe a subgroup of magnetic biosensors, namely optomagnetic biosensors, which employ alternating magnetic fields to generate periodic movements of magnetic labels. The optical modulation induced by the dynamics of magnetic labels is then analyzed by photodetectors, providing information of, e.g., hydrodynamic size changes of the magnetic labels. Optomagnetic sensing mechanisms can suppress the noise (by performing lock-in detection), accelerate the reaction (by magnetic force-enhanced molecular collision), and facilitate homogeneous/volumetric detection. Moreover, optomagnetic sensing can be performed using a low magnetic field (<10 mT) without sophisticated light sources or pickup coils, further enhancing its applicability for point-of-care tests. This review concentrates on optomagnetic biosensing techniques of different concepts classified by the magnetic actuation strategy, i.e., magnetic field-enhanced agglutination, rotating magnetic field-based particle rotation, and oscillating magnetic field-induced Brownian relaxation. Optomagnetic sensing principles applied with different actuation strategies are introduced as well. For each representative optomagnetic biosensor, a simple immunoassay strategy-based application is introduced (if possible) for methodological comparison. Thereafter, challenges and perspectives are discussed, including minimization of nonspecific binding, on-chip integration, and multiplex detection, all of which are key requirements in point-of-care diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chuqi Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jeppe Fock
- Blusense Diagnostics ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Using Sensors and Biosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use and mismanagement of antibiotics over the last eight decades have led to one of the main challenges humanity will have to face in the next twenty years in terms of public health and economy, i.e., antimicrobial resistance. One of the key approaches to tackling antimicrobial resistance is clinical, livestock, and environmental surveillance applying methods capable of effectively identifying antimicrobial non-susceptibility as well as genes that promote resistance. Current clinical laboratory practices involve conventional culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods, taking over 24 h to find out which medication should be prescribed to treat the infection. Although there are techniques that provide rapid resistance detection, it is necessary to have new tools that are easy to operate, are robust, sensitive, specific, and inexpensive. Chemical sensors and biosensors are devices that could have the necessary characteristics for the rapid diagnosis of resistant microorganisms and could provide crucial information on the choice of antibiotic (or other antimicrobial medicines) to be administered. This review provides an overview on novel biosensing strategies for the phenotypic and genotypic determination of antimicrobial resistance and a perspective on the use of these tools in modern health-care and environmental surveillance.
Collapse
|
3
|
Osaid M, Chen YS, Wang CH, Sinha A, Lee WB, Gopinathan P, Wu HB, Lee GB. A multiplexed nanoliter array-based microfluidic platform for quick, automatic antimicrobial susceptibility testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2223-2231. [PMID: 33890605 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance stemming from indiscriminate usage of antibiotics has emerged as a global healthcare issue with substantial economic implications. The inefficacy of commonly used antibiotics combined with superfluous consumption has worsened the issue. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to antibiotics can be advantageous in thwarting bacterial infections. Therefore, this study developed a simple nanoliter array-based microfluidic platform for performing rapid AST, which can handle and manipulate liquids both in nanoliter and microliter volumes. The platform consisted of two microfluidic devices, one for performing AST and another for diluting antibiotics and these two were suitably integrated. The microfluidic device used for generating microarrays for AST experiments is single-layered (no air layer) and has no active microvalves and air hole, which makes the device easy to fabricate and use. The loading process ensures uniform distribution of bacteria and relies on displacing the air from microarrays through porous polydimethylsiloxane membranes. Furthermore, the chip for dilution consisted of active microfluidic components, and could prepare and test seven different concentrations of antibiotics, which make the platform multiplexed and be capable of evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), a clinically relevant parameter. MIC determination requires less number of bacteria (∼2000) and hence shortens the pre-culture step, i.e. bacteria culture in blood and urine. This automated system demonstrated AST and evaluated MICs using Escherichia coli and two antibiotics, including ampicillin and streptomycin, and the results were ascertained using a gold standard method. It only took 8-9 h to perform AST, which is substantially less compared to a conventional process and hence is of high clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Osaid
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Sin Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Priya Gopinathan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Bin Wu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. and Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee WB, Chien CC, You HL, Kuo FC, Lee MS, Lee GB. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests on an integrated microfluidic device for precision medicine of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112890. [PMID: 33349537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an integrated microfluidic device that was capable of executing rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests with one, two, or even three antibiotics against two clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains (including carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteria were automatically mixed for 10 min with serially diluted antibiotics with a novel, membrane-type micromixer consisting of two circular micropumps, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were then determined via simple colorimetric reactions in only 4.5-6 h using only 3 μL of bacteria sample of each reaction (as opposed to 24 h and 50 μL, respectively, with the conventional broth micro-dilution method). In addition to determining MICs of antibiotics (ceftazidime, gentamicin, meropenem, vancomycin and linezolid), interaction effects across antibiotics combinations (gentamicin/meropenem or ceftazidime/gentamicin/meropenem) at different dosages were explored. The efficacy of polypharmacy showed additivity when gentamicin or ceftazidime/gentamicin were combined with meropenem to treat carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. This represents the first time that the perplexing clinical decision to choose multiple antibiotics for combination therapy against drug resistant bacteria can be realized on an integrated microfluidic device within 6 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Developing Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Motile/Non-Motile Bacteria Treated with Antibiotics Covering Five Bactericidal Mechanisms on the Basis of Bead-Based Optical Diffusometry. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10110181. [PMID: 33228090 PMCID: PMC7699397 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is an effective measure in the treatment of infections and the prevention of bacterial drug resistance. However, diverse antibiotic types and bacterial characteristics have formed complicated barriers to rapid diagnosis. To counteract these limitations, we investigated the interactions between antibiotic-treated bacteria and functionalized microbeads in optical diffusometry. The conjugation with bacteria increased the effective microbead complex size, thereby resulting in a temporal diffusivity change. The yielded data were sorted and analyzed to delineate a pattern for the prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility. The outcome showed that a completed rapid AST based on the trend of microbead diffusivity could provide results within 3 h (2 h measurement + 1 h computation). In this research, we studied four bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, and six antibiotics. Despite the different inhibitory effects caused by various antibiotics, similar trends in diffusivity alteration for all susceptible and resistant cases in the last 40 min of the 2-h measurement period were deduced. In addition, the AST results obtained using optical diffusometry showed good agreement with those acquired from the commercial instrument and conventional culture methods. Finally, we conducted a single-blinded clinical test, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the system reached 92.9%, 91.4%, and 91.8%, respectively. Overall, the developed optical diffusometry showcased rapid AST with a small sample volume (20 μL) and low initial bacterial count (105 CFU/mL). This technique provided a promising way to achieve early therapy against microbial diseases in the future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vasala A, Hytönen VP, Laitinen OH. Modern Tools for Rapid Diagnostics of Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:308. [PMID: 32760676 PMCID: PMC7373752 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, robust, and affordable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is required, as roughly 50% of antibiotic treatments are started with wrong antibiotics and without a proper diagnosis of the pathogen. Validated growth-based AST according to EUCAST or CLSI (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) recommendations is currently suggested to guide the antimicrobial therapy. Any new AST should be validated against these standard methods. Many rapid diagnostic techniques can already provide pathogen identification. Some of them can additionally detect the presence of resistance genes or resistance proteins, but usually isolated pure cultures are needed for AST. We discuss the value of the technologies applying nucleic acid amplification, whole genome sequencing, and hybridization as well as immunodiagnostic and mass spectrometry-based methods and biosensor-based AST. Additionally, we evaluate the potential of integrated systems applying microfluidics to integrate cultivation, lysis, purification, and signal reading steps. We discuss technologies and commercial products with potential for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) and their capability to analyze polymicrobial samples without pre-purification steps. The purpose of this critical review is to present the needs and drivers for AST development, to show the benefits and limitations of AST methods, to introduce promising new POCT-compatible technologies, and to discuss AST technologies that are likely to thrive in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Vasala
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Protein Dynamics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Behera B, Anil Vishnu GK, Chatterjee S, Sitaramgupta V VSN, Sreekumar N, Nagabhushan A, Rajendran N, Prathik BH, Pandya HJ. Emerging technologies for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111552. [PMID: 31421358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superbugs such as infectious bacteria pose a great threat to humanity due to an increase in bacterial mortality leading to clinical treatment failure, lengthy hospital stay, intravenous therapy and accretion of bacteraemia. These disease-causing bacteria gain resistance to drugs over time which further complicates the treatment. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance is therefore necessary so that bacterial infectious diseases can be diagnosed rapidly. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) provides valuable information on the efficacy of antibiotic agents and their dosages for treatment against bacterial infections. In clinical laboratories, most widely used AST methods are disk diffusion, gradient diffusion, broth dilution, or commercially available semi-automated systems. Though these methods are cost-effective and accurate, they are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and require skilled manpower. Recently much attention has been on developing rapid AST techniques to avoid misuse of antibiotics and provide effective treatment. In this review, we have discussed emerging engineering AST techniques with special emphasis on phenotypic AST. These techniques include fluorescence imaging along with computational image processing, surface plasmon resonance, Raman spectra, and laser tweezer as well as micro/nanotechnology-based device such as microfluidics, microdroplets, and microchamber. The mechanical and electrical behaviour of single bacterial cell and bacterial suspension for the study of AST is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagaban Behera
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - G K Anil Vishnu
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V S N Sitaramgupta V
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Niranjana Sreekumar
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Apoorva Nagabhushan
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - B H Prathik
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scherler A, Ardissone S, Moran-Gilad J, Greub G. ESCMID/ESGMD postgraduate technical workshop on diagnostic microbiology. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:343-352. [PMID: 31103724 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Scherler
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ardissone
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Moran-Gilad
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheeva, Israel; Members of the Board of the European Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics (ESGMD)
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Members of the Board of the European Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics (ESGMD).
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moerland CP, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MWJ. Rotating magnetic particles for lab-on-chip applications - a comprehensive review. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:919-933. [PMID: 30785138 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particles are widely used in lab-on-chip and biosensing applications, because they have a high surface-to-volume ratio, they can be actuated with magnetic fields and many biofunctionalization options are available. The most well-known actuation method is to apply a magnetic field gradient which generates a translational force on the particles and allows separation of the particles from a suspension. A more recently developed magnetic actuation method is to exert torque on magnetic particles by a rotating magnetic field. Rotational actuation can be achieved with a field that is uniform in space and it allows for a precise control of torque, orientation, and angular velocity of magnetic particles in lab-on-chip devices. A wide range of studies have been performed with rotating MPs, demonstrating fluid mixing, concentration determination of biological molecules in solution, and characterization of structure and function of biomolecules at the single-molecule level. In this paper we give a comprehensive review of the historical development of MP rotation studies, including configurations for field generation, physical model descriptions, and biological applications. We conclude by sketching the scientific and technological developments that can be expected in the future in the field of rotating magnetic particles for lab-on-chip applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Moerland
- Department of Applied Physics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Masum F, Kim JK, Chung HJ, Jeon JS. On-chip phenotypic investigation of combinatory antibiotic effects by generating orthogonal concentration gradients. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:959-973. [PMID: 30768106 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Combinatory therapy using two or more kinds of antibiotics is attracting considerable attention for inhibiting multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Although the therapy mostly leads to more powerful antimicrobial effects than using a single antibiotic (synergy), interference may arise from certain antibiotic combinations, resulting in the antimicrobial effect being suppressed (antagonism). Here, we present a microfluidic-based phenotypic screening chip to investigate combinatory antibiotic effects by automatically generating two orthogonal concentration gradients on a bacteria-trapping agarose gel. Computational simulations and fluorescence experiments together verify the simultaneous establishment of 121 concentration combinations, facilitating on-chip drug testing with stability and efficiency. Against Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, our chip allows the measurement of phenotypic growth levels, and enables various types of analyses for all antibiotic pairs to be conducted in 7 h. Furthermore, by providing a specific amount of susceptibility data, our chip enables the two reference models, Loewe additivity and Bliss independence, to be implemented, which classify the antibiotic interaction types into synergy or antagonism. These results suggest the efficacy of our chip as a cell-based drug screening platform for exploring the underlying pharmacological patterns of antibiotic interactions, with potential applications in guidance in clinical therapies and in screening other cell-type agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim S, Masum F, Jeon JS. Recent Developments of Chip-based Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Khan ZA, Siddiqui MF, Park S. Progress in antibiotic susceptibility tests: a comparative review with special emphasis on microfluidic methods. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 41:221-230. [PMID: 30542946 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-02638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) is an umbrella term for techniques to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major threat to public health and a directed therapy based on accurate AST results is paramount in resistance control. Here we have briefly covered the progress of conventional, molecular, and automated AST tools and their limitations. Various aspects of microfluidic AST such as optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and mechanical methods have been critically reviewed. We also address the future requirements of the microfluidic devices for AST. Cumulatively, we have outlined the overview of AST that can help to expand and improve the existing techniques and emphasize that microfluidics could be the future of AST and introduction of microtechnologies in AST will be extremely advantageous, especially for point-of-care testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan A Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, South Korea
| | - Mohd F Siddiqui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, South Korea
| | - Seungkyung Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang JC, Chi SW, Yang TH, Chuang HS. Label-Free Monitoring of Microorganisms and Their Responses to Antibiotics Based on Self-Powered Microbead Sensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2182-2190. [PMID: 30221509 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of bacteria and their susceptibility to specific antibiotics plays a vital role in microbial infection treatments. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a common measure to select effective drugs. However, the conventional practices, such as broth dilution, E-test, and disk diffusion, in clinical applications require a long turnaround time (∼3 days), thereby compromising treatments and increasing mortality. This study presents self-powered sensors for on-site microorganism monitoring and rapid AST based on functionalized microbeads. The microbead sensors are driven by Brownian motion, rendering external power unnecessary. Fluorescent microbeads ( dp = 2 μm) were coated with vancomycin to capture bacteria. The growth and responses of Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus under antibiotic treatment were evaluated. The method showed stable selective binding despite the presence of some interferential substances, such as proteins and cells. Diffusivity change was strongly related to bacterial concentration. Accordingly, the diffusivity values of microbeads bound with motile and nonmotile bacteria exhibited specific patterns because of extra motility from microbes and increased particle diameter. Only a drop of microbead-bacteria suspension (∼5 μL) was needed in a microchip for each measurement. The microchip provided a steady environment for measurement over a few hours. By distinguishing the slope of the last four data points in the temporal diffusivity curve, bacterial susceptibility or resistance to specific antibiotics could be determined within a time frame of 2 h. The study provides insights into saving more lives by using a fast and robust AST technique in future clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Cheng Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan 710
| | | | - Tai-Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan 701
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang X, Jiang X, Hao Z, Qu K. Advances in online methods for monitoring microbial growth. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:433-447. [PMID: 30472440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of microbial growth is of great significance to many fields including in scientific research, the food industry, health care, and agriculture. Many methods have been established to characterize the process of microbial growth. Online and automated methods, in which sample transfer is avoided, are popular because they can facilitate the development of simple, safe, and effective growth monitoring. This review focuses on advances in online monitoring methods over the last decade (2008-2018). We specifically focus on optic- and electrochemistry-based techniques, either through contact measurements or contactless measurement. Strengths and weaknesses of each set of methods are described and we also speculate on forthcoming trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, 700, Changcheng Rd, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Rd, Shinan District, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu H, Jing W, Iriya R, Yang Y, Syal K, Mo M, Grys TE, Haydel SE, Wang S, Tao N. Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Deep Learning Video Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6314-6322. [PMID: 29677440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Timely determination of antimicrobial susceptibility for a bacterial infection enables precision prescription, shortens treatment time, and helps minimize the spread of antibiotic resistant infections. Current antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods often take several days and thus impede these clinical and health benefits. Here, we present an AST method by imaging freely moving bacterial cells in urine in real time and analyzing the videos with a deep learning algorithm. The deep learning algorithm determines if an antibiotic inhibits a bacterial cell by learning multiple phenotypic features of the cell without the need for defining and quantifying each feature. We apply the method to urinary tract infection, a common infection that affects millions of people, to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of pathogens from human urine specimens spiked with lab strain E. coli (ATCC 43888) and an E. coli strain isolated from a clinical urine sample for different antibiotics within 30 min and validate the results with the gold standard broth macrodilution method. The deep learning video microscopy-based AST holds great potential to contribute to the solution of increasing drug-resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China.,Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Karan Syal
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Manni Mo
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Thomas E Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Phoenix , Arizona 85054 , United States
| | - Shelley E Haydel
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States.,School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China.,School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang X, Jiang X, Yang Q, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Qu K, Zhao C. Online Monitoring of Bacterial Growth with an Electrical Sensor. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6006-6011. [PMID: 29685039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed an automatic electrical bacterial growth sensor (EBGS) based on a multichannel capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D). With the use of the EBGS, up to eight culture samples of E. coli in disposable tubes were online monitored simultaneously in a noninvasive manner. Growth curves with high resolution (on the order of a time scale of seconds) were generated by plotting normalized apparent conductivity value against incubation time. The characteristic data of E. coli growth (e.g., growth rate) obtained here were more accurate than those obtained with optical density and contact conductivity methods. And the correlation coefficient of the regression line ( r) for quantitative determination of viable bacteria was 0.9977. Moreover, it also could be used for other tasks, such as the investigation of toxic/stress effects from chemicals and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All of these performances required neither auxiliary devices nor additional chemicals and biomaterials. Taken together, this strategy has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, reproducibility, affordability, versatility, and miniaturization, liberating the users greatly from financial and labor costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Marine Sciences , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Marine Sciences , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai 201306 , China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences and Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 106 Nanjing Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry , Kensington Campus, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Enhanced diffusometric immunosensing with grafted gold nanoparticles for detection of diabetic retinopathy biomarker tumor necrosis factor-α. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
18
|
Schumacher A, Vranken T, Malhotra A, Arts JJC, Habibovic P. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods: agar dilution to 3D tissue-engineered models. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:187-208. [PMID: 28871407 PMCID: PMC5780537 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedic surgery, bacterial invasion of implants and the resulting periprosthetic infections are a common and unresolved problem. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods help to define the optimal treatment and identify antimicrobial resistance. This review discusses proven gold-standard techniques and recently developed models for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, while also providing a future outlook. Conventional, gold-standard methods, such as broth microdilution, are still widely applied in clinical settings. Although recently developed methods based on microfluidics and microdroplets have shown advantages over conventional methods in terms of testing speed, safety and the potential to provide a deeper insight into resistance mechanisms, extensive validation is required to translate this research to clinical practice. Recent optical and mechanical methods are complex and expensive and, therefore, not immediately clinically applicable. Novel osteoblast infection and tissue models best resemble infections in vivo. However, the integration of biomaterials into these models remains challenging and they require a long tissue culture, making their rapid clinical implementation unlikely. A method applicable for both clinical and research environments is difficult to realise. With a continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is an urgent need for methods that analyse recurrent infections to identify the optimal treatment approaches. Graphical abstract Timeline of published and partly applied antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, listed according to their underlying mechanism, complexity and application in research or clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schumacher
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands.
- Science and Technology Faculty, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - T Vranken
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Malhotra
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J J C Arts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Room C3.577, 6229 ER, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Yang X, Zhao W. Emerging Microtechnologies and Automated Systems for Rapid Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. SLAS Technol 2017; 22:585-608. [PMID: 28850804 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317727519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid bacterial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are in great demand due to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. Conventional culture-based AST methods suffer from a long turnaround time. By necessity, physicians often have to treat patients empirically with antibiotics, which has led to an inappropriate use of antibiotics, an elevated mortality rate and healthcare costs, and antibiotic resistance. Recent advances in miniaturization and automation provide promising solutions for rapid bacterial ID/AST profiling, which will potentially make a significant impact in the clinical management of infectious diseases and antibiotic stewardship in the coming years. In this review, we summarize and analyze representative emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, as well as automated systems for bacterial ID/AST, including both phenotypic (e.g., microfluidic-based bacterial culture, and digital imaging of single cells) and molecular (e.g., multiplex PCR, hybridization probes, nanoparticles, synthetic biology tools, mass spectrometry, and sequencing technologies) methods. We also discuss representative point-of-care (POC) systems that integrate sample processing, fluid handling, and detection for rapid bacterial ID/AST. Finally, we highlight major remaining challenges and discuss potential future endeavors toward improving clinical outcomes with rapid bacterial ID/AST technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Li
- 1 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,7 Department of Physics and Engineering, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Weian Zhao
- 1 Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,6 Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chung CY, Wang JC, Chuang HS. Simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of co-cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with antibiotics on a diffusometric platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46336. [PMID: 28402317 PMCID: PMC5389350 DOI: 10.1038/srep46336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful treatments against bacterial infections depend on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). However, conventional AST requires more than 24 h to obtain an outcome, thereby contributing to high patient mortality. An antibiotic therapy based on experiences is therefore necessary for saving lives and escalating the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Accordingly, a fast and effective drug screen is necessary for the appropriate administration of antibiotics. The mixed pathogenic nature of infectious diseases emphasizes the need to develop an assay system for polymicrobial infections. On this basis, we present a novel technique for simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of co-cultured microorganisms by coupling optical diffusometry with bead-based immunoassays. This simple integration simultaneously achieves a rapid AST analysis for two pathogens. Triple color particles were simultaneously recorded and subsequently analyzed by functionalizing different fluorescent color particles with dissimilar pathogen-specific antibodies. Results suggested that the effect of the antibiotic, gentamicin, on co-cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was effectively distinguished by the proposed technique. This study revealed a multiplexed and time-saving (within 2 h) platform with a small sample volume (~0.5 μL) and a low initial bacterial count (50 CFU per droplet, ~105 CFU/mL) for continuously monitoring the growth of co-cultured microorganisms. This technique provides insights into timely therapies against polymicrobial diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chimei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Syal K, Mo M, Yu H, Iriya R, Jing W, Guodong S, Wang S, Grys TE, Haydel SE, Tao N. Current and emerging techniques for antibiotic susceptibility tests. Theranostics 2017; 7:1795-1805. [PMID: 28638468 PMCID: PMC5479269 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are a worldwide burden. Serious bacterial infection-related complications, such as sepsis, affect over a million people every year with mortality rates ranging from 30% to 50%. Crucial clinical microbiology laboratory responsibilities associated with patient management and treatment include isolating and identifying the causative bacterium and performing antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), which are labor-intensive, complex, imprecise, and slow (taking days, depending on the growth rate of the pathogen). Considering the life-threatening condition of a septic patient and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals, rapid and automated diagnostic tools are needed. This review summarizes the existing commercial AST methods and discusses some of the promising emerging AST tools that will empower humans to win the evolutionary war between microbial genes and human wits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Syal
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Manni Mo
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sui Guodong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Thomas E. Grys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Campbell J, McBeth C, Kalashnikov M, Boardman AK, Sharon A, Sauer-Budge AF. Microfluidic advances in phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:103. [PMID: 27796676 PMCID: PMC5473355 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strong natural selection for microbial antibiotic resistance has resulted from the extensive use and misuse of antibiotics. Though multiple factors are responsible for this crisis, the most significant factor - widespread prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics - is largely driven by the fact that the standard process for determining antibiotic susceptibility includes a 1-2-day culture period, resulting in 48-72 h from patient sample to final determination. Clearly, disruptive approaches, rather than small incremental gains, are needed to address this issue. The field of microfluidics promises several advantages over existing macro-scale methods, including: faster assays, increased multiplexing, smaller volumes, increased portability for potential point-of-care use, higher sensitivity, and rapid detection methods. This Perspective will cover the advances made in the field of microfluidic, phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) over the past two years. Sections are organized based on the functionality of the chip - from simple microscopy platforms, to gradient generators, to antibody-based capture devices. Microfluidic AST methods that monitor growth as well as those that are not based on growth are presented. Finally, we will give our perspective on the major hurdles still facing the field, including the need for rapid sample preparation and affordable detection technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Campbell
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Christine McBeth
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Maxim Kalashnikov
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Anna K Boardman
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Andre Sharon
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alexis F Sauer-Budge
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kokkinis G, Plochberger B, Cardoso S, Keplinger F, Giouroudi I. A microfluidic, dual-purpose sensor for in vitro detection of Enterobacteriaceae and biotinylated antibodies. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1261-1271. [PMID: 26939996 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a versatile, dual-purpose sensor for in vitro detection of Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. Escherichia coli) and biotinylated antibodies (e.g. IgG rabbit polyclonal antibodies), based on different detection principles for each bioanalyte. These bioanalytes are tagged individually with functionalized magnetic microparticles, suspended into a static fluid and injected into a microfluidic channel. Without the need for bulk or complicated pumping systems, the functionalized microparticles are set in motion by a magnetic force exerted on them by integrated microconductors. The fundamental detection principle is the decrease in the velocity of the microparticles that are loaded with the respective bioanalyte, due to factors inhibiting their motion. The velocity of the unloaded, bare microparticles is used as a reference. We discovered a novel mechanism on which the constrained particle motion is based; in the case of E. coli, the inhibiting factor is the enhanced Stokes' drag force due to the greater volume and altered hydrodynamic shape, whereas in the case of biotinylated antibodies, it is the increased friction force at the interface between the modified microparticle and the biosensor's surface. Friction force is for the first time employed in a scheme for resolving biomolecules. Integrated magnetic microsensors are used for the velocity measurements by detecting the microparticles' stray field. Moreover, we developed a biocompatible, easy to implement and reliable surface modification that practically diminishes the problem of bioadhesion on the sensor's surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Kokkinis
- Institute of Sensors and Actuators Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - B Plochberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Biophysics Group, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Cardoso
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Keplinger
- Institute of Sensors and Actuators Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - I Giouroudi
- Institute of Sensors and Actuators Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria. and Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Romodina MN, Lyubin EV, Fedyanin AA. Detection of Brownian Torque in a Magnetically-Driven Rotating Microsystem. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21212. [PMID: 26876334 PMCID: PMC4753417 DOI: 10.1038/srep21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal fluctuations significantly affect the behavior of microscale systems rotating in shear flow, such as microvortexes, microbubbles, rotating micromotors, microactuators and other elements of lab-on-a-chip devices. The influence of Brownian torque on the motion of individual magnetic microparticles in a rotating magnetic field is experimentally determined using optical tweezers. Rotational Brownian motion induces the flattening of the breakdown transition between the synchronous and asynchronous modes of microparticle rotation. The experimental findings regarding microparticle rotation in the presence of Brownian torque are compared with the results of numerical Brownian dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Romodina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Lyubin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chung CY, Wang JC, Chuang HS. Rapid Bead-Based Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Optical Diffusometry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148864. [PMID: 26863001 PMCID: PMC4749332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study combined optical diffusometry and bead-based immunoassays to develop a novel technique for quantifying the growth of specific microorganisms and achieving rapid AST. Diffusivity rises when live bacteria attach to particles, resulting in additional energy from motile microorganisms. However, when UV-sterilized (dead) bacteria attach to particles, diffusivity declines. The experimental data are consistent with the theoretical model predicted according to the equivalent volume diameter. Using this diffusometric platform, the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the antibiotic gentamicin was tested. The result suggests that the proliferation of bacteria is effectively controlled by gentamicin. This study demonstrated a sensitive (one bacterium on single particles) and time-saving (within 2 h) platform with a small sample volume (~0.5 μL) and a low initial bacteria count (50 CFU per droplet ~ 105 CFU/mL) for quantifying the growth of microorganisms depending on Brownian motion. The technique can be applied further to other bacterial strains and increase the success of treatments against infectious diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Cheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Syal K, Iriya R, Yang Y, Yu H, Wang S, Haydel SE, Chen HY, Tao N. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test with Plasmonic Imaging and Tracking of Single Bacterial Motions on Nanometer Scale. ACS NANO 2016; 10:845-52. [PMID: 26637243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) are important for confirming susceptibility to empirical antibiotics and detecting resistance in bacterial isolates. Currently, most ASTs performed in clinical microbiology laboratories are based on bacterial culturing, which take days to complete for slowly growing microorganisms. A faster AST will reduce morbidity and mortality rates and help healthcare providers administer narrow spectrum antibiotics at the earliest possible treatment stage. We report the development of a nonculture-based AST using a plasmonic imaging and tracking (PIT) technology. We track the motion of individual bacterial cells tethered to a surface with nanometer (nm) precision and correlate the phenotypic motion with bacterial metabolism and antibiotic action. We show that antibiotic action significantly slows down bacterial motion, which can be quantified for development of a rapid phenotypic-based AST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Syal
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Iriya
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yunze Yang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hui Yu
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shelley E Haydel
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Md Ali MA, Ostrikov K(K, Khalid FA, Majlis BY, Kayani AA. Active bioparticle manipulation in microfluidic systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The motion of bioparticles in a microfluidic environment can be actively controlled using several tuneable mechanisms, including hydrodynamic, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, acoustophoresis, thermophoresis and optical forces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anuar Md Ali
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory
| | - Fararishah Abdul Khalid
- Faculty of Technology Management and Technopreneurship
- Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
- Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Y. Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin A. Kayani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Bangi
- Malaysia
- Center for Advanced Materials and Green Technology
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nguyen KT, Anker JN. Detecting De-gelation through Tissue Using Magnetically Modulated Optical Nanoprobes (MagMOONs). SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 205:313-321. [PMID: 26273129 PMCID: PMC4530635 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alginate gels are widely used for drug delivery and implanted devices. The rate at which these gels break down is important for controlling drug release. Since the de-gelation may be different in vivo, monitoring this process in situ is essential. However, it is challenging to monitor the gel through tissue due to optical scattering and tissue autofluorescence. Herein we describe a method to detect through tissue the chemically-induced changes in viscosity and de-gelation process of alginate gels using magnetically modulated optical nanoprobes (MagMOONs). The MagMOONs are fluorescent magnetic microspheres coated with a thin layer of opaque metal on one hemisphere. The metal layer prevents excitation and emission light from passing through one side of the MagMOONs, which creates orientation-dependent fluorescence intensity. The magnetic particles also align in an external magnetic field and give blinking signals when they rotate to follow an external modulated magnetic field. The blinking signals from these MagMOONs are distinguished from background autofluorescence and can be tracked on a single particle level in the absence of tissue, or for an ensemble average of particles blinking through tissue. When these MagMOONs are dispersed in calcium alginate gel, they become sensors for detecting gel degradation upon addition of either ammonium ion or alginate lyase. Our results show MagMOONs start blinking approximately 10 minutes after 2 mg/mL alginate lyase addition and this blinking is clearly detected even through up to 4 mm chicken breast. This approach can potentially be employed to detect bacterial biofilm formation on medical implants by sensing specific proteases that either activate a related function or regulate biofilm formation. It can also be applied to other biosensors and drug delivery systems based on enzyme-catalyzed breakdown of gel components.
Collapse
|
29
|
He J, Mu X, Guo Z, Hao H, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Wang Q. A novel microbead-based microfluidic device for rapid bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:2223-30. [PMID: 24996540 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of infectious diseases depends on the ability to rapidly identify the infecting bacteria and the use of sensitive antibiotics. The currently used identification assays usually take more than 72 h to perform and have a low sensitivity. Herein, we present a microbead-based microfluidic platform that is highly sensitive and rapid for bacterial detection and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The platform includes four units, one of which is used for bacterial identification and the other three are used for susceptibility testing. Our results showed that Escherichia coli O157 at a cell density range of 10(1)-10(5) CFU/μL could be detected within 30 min. Additionally, the effects of three antibiotics on E. coli O157 were evaluated within 4-8 h. Overall, this integrated microbead-based microdevice provides a sensitive, rapid, reliable, and highly effective platform for the identification of bacteria, as well as antibiotic sensitivity testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Asynchronous Magnetic Bead Rotation (AMBR) Microviscometer for Label-Free DNA Analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2014; 4:76-89. [PMID: 25587411 PMCID: PMC4264372 DOI: 10.3390/bios4010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a label-free viscosity-based DNA detection system, using paramagnetic beads as an asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) microviscometer. We have demonstrated experimentally that the bead rotation period is linearly proportional to the viscosity of a DNA solution surrounding the paramagnetic bead, as expected theoretically. Simple optical measurement of asynchronous microbead motion determines solution viscosity precisely in microscale volumes, thus allowing an estimate of DNA concentration or average fragment length. The response of the AMBR microviscometer yields reproducible measurement of DNA solutions, enzymatic digestion reactions, and PCR systems at template concentrations across a 5000-fold range. The results demonstrate the feasibility of viscosity-based DNA detection using AMBR in microscale aqueous volumes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ren B, Kretzschmar I. Viscosity-dependent Janus particle chain dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14779-14786. [PMID: 24218982 DOI: 10.1021/la402597s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide (Fe3O4) Janus particles assemble into staggered chains parallel to the field lines in an ac electric field. Subsequent application of an external magnetic field leads to contraction of the staggered chains into double chains. The relation between the viscosity of the surrounding solution and the contraction rate of the iron oxide Janus particle chains is studied. Further, the influence of particle size and chain length (i.e., number of particles in chain) on the contraction rate is investigated. The base material for the Janus structure is silica (SiO2) with particle sizes of 1, 2, and 4 μm, and the cap material is Fe3O4. Addition of increasing amounts of glycerol to the aqueous system reveals that the contraction dynamics strongly correlate with the viscosity of the solution. The average chain contraction rate for each particle size can be fitted in the low viscosity range from 1 to 30 mPa·s with a power function of the form A/μ(0.9) - B/μ, in which the coefficients A and B are particle size, electric field, and magnetic-field-dependent constants. Using this function, the viscosity of an unknown solution can be determined, thereby pointing to the potential application of these Janus particle chain assemblies as in situ microviscometers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohan R, Mukherjee A, Sevgen SE, Sanpitakseree C, Lee J, Schroeder CM, Kenis PJ. A multiplexed microfluidic platform for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Hecht A, Commiskey P, Shah N, Kopelman R. Bead assembly magnetorotation as a signal transduction method for protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:26-32. [PMID: 23639345 PMCID: PMC3683359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a proof-of-principle for a new signal transduction method for protein detection called Bead Assembly Magnetorotation (BAM). BAM is based on using the target protein to mediate the formation of aptamer-coated 1 μm magnetic beads into a bead assembly, formed at the bottom of a 1 μL hanging droplet. The size, shape and fractal dimension of this bead assembly all depend on the protein concentration. The protein concentration can be measured in two ways: by magnetorotation, in which the rotational period of the assembly correlates with the protein concentration, or by fractal analysis. Additionally, a microscope-free magnetorotation detection method is introduced, based on a simple laser apparatus built from standard laboratory components. In this paper, we chose to focus on the protein thrombin, a popular choice for proof-of-principle work in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kinnunen P, McNaughton BH, Niinimäki J. Note: a portable magnetic field for powering nanomotors, microswimmers, and sensors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:086109. [PMID: 24007129 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Time-varying magnetic fields are the basis of many modern devices and are used to remotely power and steer nanomotors and microswimmers. However, the required magnetic field setups are often prohibitively bulky laboratory setups that require technical expertise to build, modify, or relocate. Here we introduce a programmable magnetic field setup based on consumer electronics that is both portable and easy to use. The complete setup consists of a laptop computer, an audio amplifier, and audio inductors and was used to create complex magnetic fields in 0.5-2000 Hz frequency range with up to 4.7 mT amplitude. The setup was also validated using an example application, namely a rotating magnetic field with a constant amplitude and fixed frequency, which has applications in powering nanosensors and microswimmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kinnunen
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Laboratory, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kinnunen P, McNaughton BH, Albertson T, Sinn I, Mofakham S, Elbez R, Newton DW, Hunt A, Kopelman R. Self-assembled magnetic bead biosensor for measuring bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2477-82. [PMID: 22674520 PMCID: PMC3625966 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns of modern healthcare worldwide, and the development of rapid, growth-based, antimicrobial susceptibility tests is key for addressing it. The cover image shows a self-assembled asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) biosensor developed for rapid detection of bacterial growth. Using the biosensors, the minimum inhibitory concentration of a clinical E. coli isolate can be measured within two hours, where currently tests take 6-24 hours. A 16-well prototype is also constructed for simple and robust observation of the self-assembled AMBR biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paivo Kinnunen
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Brandon H. McNaughton
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- University of Michigan, Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theodore Albertson
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Irene Sinn
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Sima Mofakham
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Remy Elbez
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Duane W. Newton
- University of Michigan, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan Hunt
- University of Michigan, Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sinn I, Albertson T, Kinnunen P, Breslauer DN, McNaughton BH, Burns MA, Kopelman R. Asynchronous magnetic bead rotation microviscometer for rapid, sensitive, and label-free studies of bacterial growth and drug sensitivity. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5250-6. [PMID: 22507307 PMCID: PMC3381929 DOI: 10.1021/ac300128p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The long turnaround time in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) endangers patients and encourages the administration of wide spectrum antibiotics, thus resulting in alarming increases of multidrug resistant pathogens. A method for faster detection of bacterial proliferation presents one avenue toward addressing this global concern. We report on a label-free asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) based viscometry method that rapidly detects bacterial growth and determines drug sensitivity by measuring changes in the suspension's viscosity. With this platform, we observed the growth of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolate, with an initial concentration of 50 cells per drop, within 20 min; in addition, we determined the gentamicin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the E. coli isolate within 100 min. We thus demonstrated a label-free, microviscometer platform that can measure bacterial growth and drug susceptibility more rapidly, with lower initial bacterial counts than existing commercial systems, and potentially with any microbial strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
| | - Theodore Albertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040
| | - Paivo Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
| | | | - Brandon H. McNaughton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hecht A, Akshay Kumar A, Kopelman R. Label-acquired magnetorotation as a signal transduction method for protein detection: aptamer-based detection of thrombin. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7123-8. [PMID: 21805996 PMCID: PMC3173523 DOI: 10.1021/ac2014756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new signal transduction method, called label-acquired magnetorotation (LAM), for the measurement of the concentration of proteins in solution. We demonstrate the use of LAM to detect the protein thrombin using aptamers, with a limit of detection of 300 pM. LAM is modeled after a sandwich assay, with a 10 μm nonmagnetic "mother" sphere as the capture component and with 1 μm magnetic "daughter" beads as the labels. The protein-mediated attachment of daughter beads to the mother sphere forms a rotating sandwich complex. In a rotating magnetic field, the rotational frequency of a sandwich complex scales with the number of attached magnetic beads, which scales with the concentration of the protein present in solution. This paper represents the first instance of the detection of a protein using LAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Hecht
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Raoul Kopelman
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sinn I, Kinnunen P, Albertson T, McNaughton BH, Newton DW, Burns MA, Kopelman R. Asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) biosensor in microfluidic droplets for rapid bacterial growth and susceptibility measurements. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:2604-2611. [PMID: 21666890 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate antibiotic use is a major factor contributing to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The long turnaround time (over 24 hours) required for clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) often results in patients being prescribed empiric therapies, which may be inadequate, inappropriate, or overly broad-spectrum. A reduction in the AST time may enable more appropriate therapies to be prescribed earlier. Here we report on a new diagnostic asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) biosensor droplet microfluidic platform that enables single cell and small cell population growth measurements for applications aimed at rapid AST. We demonstrate the ability to rapidly measure bacterial growth, susceptibility, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a small uropathogenic Escherichia coli population that was confined in microfluidic droplets and exposed to concentrations above and below the MIC of gentamicin. Growth was observed below the MIC, and no growth was observed above the MIC. A 52% change in the sensor signal (i.e. rotational period) was observed within 15 minutes, thus allowing AST measurements to be performed potentially within minutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
McNaughton BH, Kinnunen P, Shlomi M, Cionca C, Pei SN, Clarke R, Argyrakis P, Kopelman R. Experimental System for One-Dimensional Rotational Brownian Motion. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5212-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H. McNaughton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paivo Kinnunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Miri Shlomi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Codrin Cionca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shao Ning Pei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Roy Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Panos Argyrakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|