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Joko-Fru WY, Bardot A, Bukirwa P, Amidou S, N'da G, Woldetsadik E, Chesumbai G, Korir A, Kamaté B, Koon M, Hansen R, Finesse A, Somdyala N, Chokunonga E, Chigonzoh T, Liu B, Kantelhardt EJ, Parkin DM, Soerjomataram I. Cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa (SURVCAN-3): a population-based study. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e947-e959. [PMID: 38762297 PMCID: PMC11126368 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cancer Survival in Africa, Asia, and South America project (SURVCAN-3) of the International Agency for Research on Cancer aims to fill gaps in the availability of population-level cancer survival estimates from countries in these regions. Here, we analysed survival for 18 cancers using data from member registries of the African Cancer Registry Network across 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We included data on patients diagnosed with 18 cancer types between Jan 1, 2005, and Dec 31, 2014, from 13 population-based cancer registries in Cotonou (Benin), Abidjan (CÔte d'Ivoire), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Eldoret and Nairobi (Kenya), Bamako (Mali), Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, Eastern Cape (South Africa), Kampala (Uganda), and Bulawayo and Harare (Zimbabwe). Patients were followed up until Dec 31, 2018. Patient-level data including cancer topography and morphology, age and date at diagnosis, vital status, and date of death (if applicable) were collected. The follow-up (survival) time was measured from the date of incidence until the date of last contact, the date of death, or until the end of the study, whichever occurred first. We estimated the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival (observed, net, and age-standardised net survival) by sex, cancer type, registry, country, and human development index (HDI). 1-year and 3-year survival data were available for all registries and all cancer sites, whereas availability of 5-year survival data was slightly more variable; thus to provide medium-term survival prospects, we have focused on 3-year survival in the Results section. FINDINGS 10 500 individuals from 13 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries were included in the survival analyses. 9177 (87·4%) of 10 500 cases were morphologically verified. Survival from cancers with a high burden and amenable to prevention was poor: the 3-year age-standardised net survival was 52·3% (95% CI 49·4-55·0) for cervical cancer, 18·1% (11·5-25·9) for liver cancer, and 32·4% (27·5-37·3) for lung cancer. Less than half of the included patients were alive 3 years after a cancer diagnosis for eight cancer types (oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, larynx, lung, liver, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and leukaemia). There were differences in survival for some cancers by sex: survival was longer for females with stomach or lung cancer than males with stomach or lung cancer, and longer for males with non-Hodgkin lymphomas than females with non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Survival did not differ by country-level HDI for cancers of the oral cavity, oesophagus, liver, thyroid, and for Hodgkin lymphoma. INTERPRETATION For cancers for which population-level prevention strategies exist, and with relatively poor prognosis, these estimates highlight the urgent need to upscale population-level prevention activities in sub-Saharan Africa. These data are vital for providing the knowledge base for advocacy to improve access to prevention, diagnosis, and care for patients with cancers in sub-Saharan Africa. FUNDING Vital Strategies, the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. TRANSLATIONS For the French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yvonne Joko-Fru
- The African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Global Health Working Group, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Phiona Bukirwa
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Guy N'da
- Registre des cancers d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Gladys Chesumbai
- Eldoret Cancer Registry, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | - Marvin Koon
- National Cancer Registry of Mauritius, Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
| | | | - Anne Finesse
- National Cancer Registry of Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Eric Chokunonga
- Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Biying Liu
- The African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Global Health Working Group, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- The African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, UK; Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Xiong J, Liu H, Li C, Li Y, Feng J. Linking periodontitis with 20 cancers, emphasis on oropharyngeal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12511. [PMID: 38822160 PMCID: PMC11143368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While associations between periodontitis and an elevated risk of cancer have been suggested, the results of existing observational studies have been inconsistent, also leaving room for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. This study was designed to delve into the possible causal link between periodontitis and 20 standard cancers while concurrently identifying potential mediators. We initiated a Mendelian randomization analysis that drew from either publicly accessible or personally obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method served as our primary tool for analysis. To ensure the strength and consistency of our results, we implemented additional strategies, including weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), bolstered by funnel plots. Our analysis unveiled an elevated risk of head and neck cancer concomitant with periodontitis (p = 0.041, OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.000), specifically a heightened risk of oropharyngeal cancer (p = 0.022, OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.999-1.000). As a result of probing into potential mediators, Fusobacterium nucleatum emerged as a likely intermediary in the promoting effect of periodontitis on oropharyngeal cancer (p = 0.021, OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000). Inversely, basal cell carcinoma and endometrial cancer demonstrated an association with an increased incidence of periodontitis (basal cell carcinoma: p = 0.020, OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.976-0.998; endometrial cancer: p = 0.027, OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.970-0.998). However, periodontitis exerted no significant causal impact on the 19 other common cancers or the three subtypes of head and neck cancer. To conclude, our results support the theory that periodontitis contributes to an enhanced risk of head and neck cancer, particularly oropharyngeal cancer, with Fusobacterium nucleatum functioning as a potential intermediary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiali Feng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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He Y, Zhao W, Duan A, Xiao H, Zhou X, Zhuo Q. 'Only to reconcile with it'. The coping experience amongst middle-aged and older cancer survivors: A qualitative study. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14048. [PMID: 38606474 PMCID: PMC11009723 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer threat is relevant to age, and the threat of a foreshortened life coupled with a lengthy treatment process negatively affects middle-aged and older adults. Understanding the coping throughout the cancer experience in middle-aged and older cancer survivors will help develop supportive care to promote their physiological and psychological coping effects. OBJECTIVES To explore the cancer coping experiences of middle-aged adults aged 40-59 and older adults over 60. DESIGN A descriptive phenomenological study was employed. METHODS Face-to-face, in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 oncology patients in a tertiary university hospital aged 40 or above from August to October 2023. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis procedures. RESULTS Five themes and 13 subthemes were formed through analysis: acceptance of cancer (considering cancer as chronic, believing in fate and attributing cancer to karma); having different information needs (desired to be truthfully informed, information-seeking behaviour, information avoidance behaviour); getting families involved (developing dependent behaviours, feeling emotional support, family members suffering worse); striving to maintain positive psychological state (positive thinking, seeking peer support) and negative experience (undesirable, low self-esteem). CONCLUSION Our study reveals that cancer survivors' attitudes towards having cancer have changed from a death sentence to a more positive perception of a chronic disease. Supportive programmes for developing coping strategies should consider the cultural traditions and religious beliefs, different information needs, involvement of family and promoting a positive psychological state while avoiding negative factors. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Participants with experience of coping with cancer were involved in the semistructured interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - An Duan
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qiqi Zhuo
- Department of Cancer CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Duan W, Gu H, Luo Y, Li W. Management of Venous Access Port to Overcome Kinesiophobia of Patients with Malignant Tumors: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943181. [PMID: 38366581 PMCID: PMC10880396 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with malignant tumors is increasing in China, and venous access ports have unique advantages for chemotherapy. Currently, China's research on venous access port-mediated kinesiophobia is still in the developing stage. Using the combination of subjective words and freedom words, and based on literature traceability methods, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Vipp, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Web of Science, The COCHRANE LIBRARY, Embase, and PubMed were searched. Relevant articles published from the construction of the database to October 30, 2023, were identified. Based on the many articles and analyses, the methods of assessing kinesiophobia in malignant tumors patients using venous access port, the related influencing factors and the preventive and intervention strategies were collated. We found 33 articles examining kinesiophobia in oncology patients, of which 4 were specifically conducted on patients with malignant tumors using VAPs or PICCs. The relevant preventive and therapeutic experiences regarding kinesiophobia in cancer patients with VAP still need improvement. Nursing staff can use assessment tools such as the Tampa Rating Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Cancer Fatigue Scale to reasonably and effectively assess kinesiophobia among patients with malignant tumors who use VAPs. Attention should be paid to the mechanisms and roles of demographic factors, pain and foreign body sensation, cancer fatigue, pain management strategies, and other factors influencing kinesiophobia. This study provides advice to nursing staff for the management of VAP. Such considerations may reduce the complications of kinesiophobia and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Wang S, Sun Y, Yao L, Xing Y, Yang H, Ma Q. The Role of microRNA-23a-3p in the Progression of Human Aging Process by Targeting FOXO3a. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:277-287. [PMID: 37087718 PMCID: PMC10803409 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging results in deterioration of body functions and, ultimately, death. miRNAs contribute to the regulation of aging. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of miRNAs to aging and senescence-related changes in gene expression. The expression changes of miRNAs in the blood of people and animal samples collected from different age subjects were examined using Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 microarray and qRT-PCR. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to examine the effect of miR-23a on cell functions in WI-38 cells. The expression levels of 48 miRNAs, including miR-23a, miR-21, and miR-100, in the blood samples were higher in the middle-aged group than in the young or elderly group. Animal studies further suggested that the expression of miR-23a increased with age. In addition, upregulation of miR-23a dramatically suppressed the cell proliferation and arrested the WI-38 cell cycle in vitro. FOXO3a has been identified as a target gene of miR-23a. MiR-23a downregulated the expression of FOXO3a in WI-38 cells. MiRNAs have different expression levels in different age groups. miR-23a could suppress cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle in WI-38 cells, which elucidated the mechanism through which miR-23a exerts pivotal role in WI-38 cells by targeting FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunli Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Matoba T, Minohara K, Kawakita D, Sawabe M, Takano G, Oguri K, Murashima A, Iwaki S, Tsuge H, Imaizumi S, Hojo W, Kondo A, Tsukamoto K, Iwasaki S. Impact of salvage chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38229255 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear witch regimen is optimal as salvage chemotherapy (SCT) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (RM-HNC). METHODS This study enrolled 109 patients. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) were compared between patients stratified by SCT regimen. RESULTS Of the 109 patients, 55 underwent SCT after the failure of ICI monotherapy. The OS of these 55 patients was longer than that of patients who did not undergo SCT. The OS and PFS2 were similar between patients treated with paclitaxel (PTX) and cetuximab (Cmab) combination and those treated with PTX monotherapy. The occurrence of irAEs did not impact PFS2 nor OS. CONCLUSIONS SCT can improve the survival outcomes of patients with RM-HNC. In addition to PTX and Cmab, PTX monotherapy is also considered an effective SCT regimen. SCT is effective regardless of the presence or absence of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Matoba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Minohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michi Sawabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Gaku Takano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oguri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Murashima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sho Iwaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sae Imaizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Hojo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan
| | - Ayano Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Tsukamoto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Mackieh R, Al-Bakkar N, Kfoury M, Okdeh N, Pietra H, Roufayel R, Legros C, Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM. Unlocking the Benefits of Fasting: A Review of its Impact on Various Biological Systems and Human Health. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1781-1803. [PMID: 38018193 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673275492231121062033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fasting has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential health benefits in various body systems. This review aims to comprehensively examine the effects of fasting on human health, specifically focusing on its impact on different body's physiological systems. The cardiovascular system plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, and fasting has shown promising effects in improving cardiovascular health markers such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, fasting has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and improve metabolic health, thus offering potential benefits to individuals with diabetes and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, fasting can boost immune function, reduce inflammation, enhance autophagy, and support the body's defense against infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Fasting has also demonstrated a positive effect on the brain and nervous system. It has been associated with neuroprotective properties, improving cognitive function, and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, besides the ability of increasing the lifespan. Hence, understanding the potential advantages of fasting can provide valuable insights for individuals and healthcare professionals alike in promoting health and wellbeing. The data presented here may have significant implications for the development of therapeutic approaches and interventions using fasting as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Mackieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Al-Bakkar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut Campus, P.O. Box 11 50 20, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Milena Kfoury
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Okdeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Hervé Pietra
- Association Esprit Jeûne & Fasting Spirit, 226, Chemin du Pélican, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Hadiya, Kuwait
| | - Christian Legros
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Team 2 CarMe, SFR ICAT, Angers 49000, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-- Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille 13385, France
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Rei S, Pinto R, Freitas S, Camacho G, Gonçalves Y, Gouveia M, Gomes M. Evaluation of the Needs for Palliative Care in Madeira Island: A Pre-pandemic Overview. Cureus 2023; 15:e34793. [PMID: 36788996 PMCID: PMC9918327 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As general practitioners/family physicians, it is our duty to promote health and prevent disease by providing cure, care, or palliation. Palliative care (PC) plays a crucial role in integrated and patient-centered health services. In the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM), Portugal, the PC Unit (PCU) was established in 2012. According to data from 2010, 41.2% of individuals who passed away in this region had a requirement for PC. Our objective is to determine the potential needs for PC in our population in the year 2019, prior to the pandemic. Additionally, we aim to determine the main indications for PC and the number of emergency department admissions/hospitalizations and compare these needs with data from 2010. Methods We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive, analytical study, in which the target population consisted of all individuals who passed away in RAM in the year 2019. From this population, a representative sample of deceased individuals was obtained. The gender, age, disease with a potential indication for palliative care, admissions to emergency care and hospitalizations in the preceding 12 months, and county of residence were obtained from the RAM Health Services and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA) software. Results From the total number of individuals who passed away in RAM in the year 2019 (N=2,840), a representative sample of 339 deceased individuals was obtained. Of the deceased individuals, 56% presented with potential indications for palliative care, compared to the 41.2% result recorded in 2010 (p<0.0001). Among these individuals, 51.9% were female, and the average age was 79.7±12.2 years. Neoplasms were the primary indication for palliative care, accounting for 22.7%. Individuals with potential indications for PC, when compared to those without indications, had a higher number of hospitalizations and emergency episodes in the preceding 12 months (p=0.0005 and p=0.008, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that over half of the patients who passed away in RAM had potential indications for palliative care. These individuals experienced a higher number of hospitalizations and emergency episodes in the preceding 12 months. In this study, we also observed a significant increase in the need for palliative care compared to the year 2010.
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Soerjomataram I, Cabasag C, Bardot A, Fidler-Benaoudia MM, Miranda-Filho A, Ferlay J, Parkin DM, Ranganathan R, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Mery L, Joko-Fru YW, Dikshit R, Sankaranarayanan R, Swaminathan R, Bray F. Cancer survival in Africa, central and south America, and Asia (SURVCAN-3): a population-based benchmarking study in 32 countries. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:22-32. [PMID: 36603919 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based cancer survival is a key measurement of cancer control performance linked to diagnosis and treatment, but benchmarking studies that include lower-income settings and that link results to health systems and human development are scarce. SURVCAN-3 is an international collaboration of population-based cancer registries that aims to benchmark timely and comparable cancer survival estimates in Africa, central and south America, and Asia. METHODS In SURVCAN-3, population-based cancer registries from Africa, central and south America, and Asia were invited to contribute data. Quality control and data checks were carried out in collaboration with population-based cancer registries and, where applicable, active follow-up was performed at the registry. Patient-level data (sex, age at diagnosis, date of diagnosis, morphology and topography, stage, vital status, and date of death or last contact) were included, comprising patients diagnosed between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2012, and followed up for at least 2 years (until Dec 31, 2014). Age-standardised net survival (survival where cancer was the only possible cause of death), with 95% CIs, at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after diagnosis were calculated using Pohar-Perme estimators for 15 major cancers. 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year net survival estimates were stratified by countries within continents (Africa, central and south America, and Asia), and countries according to the four-tier Human Development Index (HDI; low, medium, high, and very high). FINDINGS 1 400 435 cancer cases from 68 population-based cancer registries in 32 countries were included. Net survival varied substantially between countries and world regions, with estimates steadily rising with increasing levels of the HDI. Across the included cancer types, countries within the lowest HDI category (eg, CÔte d'Ivoire) had a maximum 3-year net survival of 54·6% (95% CI 33·3-71·6; prostate cancer), whereas those within the highest HDI categories (eg, Israel) had a maximum survival of 96·8% (96·1-97·3; prostate cancer). Three distinct groups with varying outcomes by country and HDI dependant on cancer type were identified: cancers with low median 3-year net survival (<30%) and small differences by HDI category (eg, lung and stomach), cancers with intermediate median 3-year net survival (30-79%) and moderate difference by HDI (eg, cervix and colorectum), and cancers with high median 3-year net survival (≥80%) and large difference by HDI (eg, breast and prostate). INTERPRETATION Disparities in cancer survival across countries were linked to a country's developmental position, and the availability and efficiency of health services. These data can inform policy makers on priorities in cancer control to reduce apparent inequality in cancer outcome. FUNDING Tata Memorial Hospital, the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Citadel Cabasag
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The African Cancer Registry Network, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marion Piñeros
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Les Mery
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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10
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Maláková K, Cabasag CJ, Bardot A, Sangrajrang S, Chitapanarux I, Sripan P, Suwanrungruang K, Pongnikorn D, Thongsuksai P, Sriplung H, Soerjomataram I. Cancer survival in Thailand from 1997 to 2012: Assessing the impact of universal health coverage. J Cancer Policy 2022; 34:100353. [PMID: 36357312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2022.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, many countries worldwide have implemented some form of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We sought to evaluate incidence and survival trends of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer before and after the implementation of UHC in Thailand. METHODS The age-standardized incidence rate and 1- and 5-year net survival (NS) were calculated for five Thai provinces, namely Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Lampang, and Songkhla for breast, cervix, and colorectal cancer in three study periods (1997-2012): before, during, and after the implementation of UHC. RESULTS The incidence of breast and colorectal cancer has increased over time, while the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased (17.9-29.9, 9.0-13.6, and 19.6-12.3 per 100,000, respectively). Larger proportion of breast cancer were diagnosed with localized stage after UHC implementation compared to the period prior to UHC (31.5 % vs 19.0 %). Overall, The improvement in survival by cancer site varied in magnitude with a 5-year NS increase from 61.3 % to 75.1 % for breast, 55.4-59.5 % for cervical, and 39.9-47.6 % for colorectal cancer. The amount of increase slightly differed across provinces. CONCLUSION Rising incidence for breast and colorectal, and declining cervical cancer may partly be attributable to improved awareness and early detection programs. Additionally, improvement in survival may partly be attributable to increased access to healthcare, availability of treatment, and increased access to cancer screening after UHC was implemented. Thus, continued expansion of UHC package on cancer could potentially contribute to further improvement of cancer control in Thailand. POLICY SUMMARY This study provides important evidence on the impact of UHC in cancer burden and survival for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer in Thailand. This study serves as an example for other countries where UHC has been recently implemented and guide policymakers in allocating resources towards UHC and cancer control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Maláková
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Citadel J Cabasag
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Imjai Chitapanarux
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Chiang Mai Cancer Registry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patumrat Sripan
- Chiang Mai Cancer Registry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Paramee Thongsuksai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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11
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Guo Z, Zhang X, Lin C, Huang Y, Zhong Y, Guo H, Zheng Z, Weng S. METTL3-IGF2BP3-axis mediates the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer by regulating spermine synthase m6A modification. Front Oncol 2022; 12:962204. [PMID: 36276112 PMCID: PMC9582246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.962204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine synthase (SMS) is an enzyme participating in polyamine synthesis; however, its function and role in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Here we report that SMS is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and predicts a worse overall survival and significantly promotes the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Excessive SMS reduces the accumulation of spermidine by converting spermidine into spermine, which activates the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, SMS was identified as the direct target of both methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), which directly bind to the m6A modification sites of SMS and inhibit mRNA degradation. Knockdown of METTL3 or IGF2BP3 significantly reduced the SMS protein expression and inhibited the migration of pancreatic cancer. We propose a novel regulatory mechanism in which the METTL3-IGF2BP3 axis mediates the mRNA degradation of SMS in an m6A-dependent manner to regulate spermine/spermidine conversion, which regulates AKT phosphorylation and EMT activation, thereby inducing tumor progression and migration in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailing Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shangeng Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Abdominal Surgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shangeng Weng,
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12
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Tiwari S, Sapkota N, Han Z. Effect of Fasting on Cancer: A narrative review of scientific evidence. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3291-3302. [PMID: 35848874 PMCID: PMC9530862 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that fasting could play a key role in cancer treatment by fostering conditions that limit cancer cells' adaptability, survival, and growth. Fasting could increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments and limit adverse events. Yet, we lack an integrated mechanistic model for how these two complicated systems interact, limiting our ability to understand, prevent, and treat cancer using fasting. Here, we review recent findings at the interface of oncology and fasting metabolism, with an emphasis on human clinical studies of intermittent fasting. We recommend combining prolonged periodic fasting with a standard conventional therapeutic approach to promote cancer‐free survival, treatment efficacy and reduce side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Tiwari
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 200137, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Life Care Hospital, Nepal
| | - Namrata Sapkota
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,Net Fresh Hospital, Nepal
| | - Zhenxiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, 200137, Shanghai, P.R. China
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13
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Castro-Ríos A, Martínez-Valverde S. Childhood Cancer Survival, 2006-2012 Cohorts of Mexican Institute of Social Security Beneficiaries at the Central-South Region of Mexico. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882501. [PMID: 35847881 PMCID: PMC9283836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Mexico, the main institution of social security is the “Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social” (IMSS), with more than 60 million enrolled individuals. This study of childhood cancer survival is the first based on complete cohorts of incident cases for the population IMSS- affiliated in the central-south region, which represents 27% of all children IMSS affiliated. Methods It is an observational cohort study from 2006 to 2012 to estimate the 5-year observed survival of the minors under 18 years old, identified in the Central-South Region Registry of Children with Cancer. The survival of cases was carried out through the active and passive search. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier (KM) method, the analysis of equality of survival functions was evaluated for some clinical variables. Results The study included 2,357 minors; the 5-year observed survival was 56.1% with a time of survival median of 3.4 years, and the overall loss of follow-up was 18.4%. The 5-year survival in cases with a diagnosis of leukemia was 53.5%, while for solid tumors, it was 57.9%. The median time of death was 1 year. The types of cancer with a survival greater than 70% were group V-retinoblastoma (87.2%), IIa-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (86.8%), Xc- gonadal tumors (83.3%), Iid-miscellaneous lymphomas (80%), IVa-nephroblastoma (79.5%), and IIc-Burkitt’s lymphoma (75.4%). Meanwhile, the lowest survival rates were in group VIII-bone tumors (32.3%), III-CNS (central nervous system; 44.1%), and IX-soft tissues (46.8%). Conclusions Survival results in the 2006–2012 cohorts show a significant gap in relation to the goal of 60% proposed by the World Health Organization for 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Castro-Ríos
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Silvia Martínez-Valverde, ; Angélica Castro-Ríos,
| | - Silvia Martínez-Valverde
- Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales en Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Silvia Martínez-Valverde, ; Angélica Castro-Ríos,
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14
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Huang Z, Li F, Zhang J, Shi X, Xu Y, Huang X. Research on the Construction of Bispecific-Targeted Sustained-Release Drug-Delivery Microspheres and Their Function in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22003-22014. [PMID: 35785307 PMCID: PMC9244910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lenvatinib (LEN) is approved as one of the commonly used drugs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is recognized to be a novel therapeutic choice for the direct and targeted delivery of effective drugs to HCC tumor sites. The key to the proposed method lies in the requirement for efficient targeted drug delivery carriers with targeting performance to deliver effective drugs directly and safely to tumor lesions. Methods: Here, magnetic liposomes (MLs) were modified by phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan 3 (GPC3) and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs). Subsequently, bispecific-targeted sustained-release drug-loaded microspheres containing LEN (GPC3/EpCAM-LEN-MLs) were constructed. In addition, both cytotoxicity and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses were performed to establish a mouse model and further perform corresponding performance assessments. Results: The corresponding results showed that GPC3/EpCAM-LEN-MLs were spherical-shaped and evenly dispersed. The encapsulation and drug-loading efficiencies were 91.08% ± 1.83% and 8.22% ± 1.24%, respectively. Meanwhile, GPC3/EpCAM-LEN-MLs showed a high inhibition rate on the proliferation of HCC cells and significantly increased their apoptosis. Furthermore, MRI revealed that the system possessed the function of tracking and localizing tumor cells, and animal experiments verified that it could exert the function of disease diagnosis. Conclusions: Our experiments successfully constructed a safe and efficient bispecific-targeted sustained-release drug delivery system for HCC tumor cells. It provides a useful diagnostic and therapeutic scheme for the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of HCC. Moreover, it can be used as a potential tumor-specific MRI contrast agent for the localization and diagnosis of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi−Li Huang
- Department
of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University
Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, Yishan RD., Shanghai 200233, PR China
- Department
of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 966, Huaihai Middle RD., Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- School
of Materials of Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan RD., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jun−Tao Zhang
- Institute
of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, Yishan RD., Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xiang−Jun Shi
- Department
of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University
Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, Yishan RD., Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yong−Hua Xu
- Department
of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 966, Huaihai Middle RD., Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xiu−Yan Huang
- Department
of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University
Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, No. 600, Yishan RD., Shanghai 200233, PR China
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15
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Ssenyonga N, Stiller C, Nakata K, Shalkow J, Redmond S, Bulliard JL, Girardi F, Fowler C, Marcos-Gragera R, Bonaventure A, Saint-Jacques N, Minicozzi P, De P, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Larønningen S, Di Carlo V, Mägi M, Valkov M, Seppä K, Wyn Huws D, Coleman MP, Allemani C. Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:409-431. [PMID: 35468327 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0-14 years) and adults (aged 15-99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000-14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0-24 years). METHODS We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-19 years), and young adults (20-24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. FINDINGS 164 563 young people were included in this analysis: 121 328 (73·7%) children, 22 963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20 272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010-14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28 205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010-14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000-14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. INTERPRETATION This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group. FUNDING Children with Cancer UK, the Institut National du Cancer, La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Swiss Re, Swiss Cancer Research foundation, Swiss Cancer League, Rossy Family Foundation, US National Cancer Institute, and the American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ssenyonga
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Charles Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, Wellington House, London, UK
| | - Kayo Nakata
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaime Shalkow
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sheilagh Redmond
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neuchâtel and Jura Tumour Registry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK; Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Christine Fowler
- Classification and Terminology, Technology and Digital Services, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Audrey Bonaventure
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK; CRESS, Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR 1153, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Department of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Pamela Minicozzi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, and Research Office, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Granada Cancer Registry, Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Cuesta del Observatorio 4, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Veronica Di Carlo
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Margit Mägi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dyfed Wyn Huws
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK; Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
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16
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Lin X, Lin L, Wu J, Jiang W, Wu J, Yang J, Chen C. A targeted siRNA-loaded PDL1-exosome and functional evaluation against lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1691-1702. [PMID: 35545838 PMCID: PMC9161323 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an endocytic nanosicle involved in intercellular communication, an exosome can efficiently deliver drugs from one cell to another and deliver therapeutic short interfering RNA (siRNA) to target cells. This is conducive to gene therapy for cancers. In this study, an exosome was used as the siRNA-loaded substrate to prepare a targeted siRNA-loaded PD-L1 exosome and evaluate its function against lung cancer. METHODS The optimal preparation process and binding ratio of the targeted nanovesicle/siRNA complex was determined by detecting the particle size, potential, and other physical parameters in combination with cell binding and uptake capacity of exosome complexes. The biological cell behavior of targeted exosome nanosicles was evaluated through cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and the cell uptake capacity. RESULTS A targeted exosome nanovesicle capable of loading siRNA and characterized with low toxicity, high loading rate, and the ability to be used for targeted tumor cell gene therapy was constructed. CONCLUSION The PD-L1 targeting exosome can be used as an efficient siRNA delivery carrier, which is an efficient and safe nanocarrier for tumor targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wentan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianshen Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, China
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17
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Lamy L, Thomas J, Leroux A, Bisson JF, Myren K, Godal A, Stensrud G, Bezdetnaya L. Antitumor Effect and Induced Immune Response Following Exposure of Hexaminolevulinate and Blue Light in Combination with Checkpoint Inhibitor in an Orthotopic Model of Rat Bladder Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030548. [PMID: 35327351 PMCID: PMC8945090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that use of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) and blue light cystoscopy (BLC) during treatment of bladder cancer had a positive impact on overall survival after later cystectomy, indicating a potential treatment effect beyond improved diagnostic accuracy. The aim of our study was to determine whether HAL and BL mimicking clinically relevant doses in an orthotopic rat model could have therapeutic effect by inducing modulation of a tumor-specific immune response. We also assessed whether administration with a checkpoint inhibitor could potentiate any effects observed. Rats were subjected to HAL BL alone and in combination with anti-PD-L1 and assessed for anti-tumor effects and effects on immune markers. Positive anti-tumor effect was observed in 63% and 31% of rats after, respectively, 12 and 30 days after the procedure, together with a localization effect of CD3+ and CD8+ cells after 30 days. Anti-tumor effect at 30 days increases from 31% up to 38% when combined with intravesical anti-PD-L1. In conclusion, our study demonstrated treatment effects with indications of systemic immune activation at diagnostic doses of HAL and blue light. The observed treatment effect seemed to be enhanced when used in combination with intravesically administrated immune checkpoint inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureline Lamy
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Thomas
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Agnès Leroux
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; (J.T.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Kari Myren
- Photocure ASA, Hoffsveien 4, 0275 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Aslak Godal
- Photocure ASA, Hoffsveien 4, 0275 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Gry Stensrud
- Photocure ASA, Hoffsveien 4, 0275 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.); (A.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;
- Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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Modulation of DNA Damage Response by SAM and HD Domain Containing Deoxynucleoside Triphosphate Triphosphohydrolase (SAMHD1) Determines Prognosis and Treatment Efficacy in Different Solid Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030641. [PMID: 35158911 PMCID: PMC8833711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase with important roles in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis, either through the regulation of intracellular dNTPs levels or the modulation of the DNA damage response. However, SAMHD1's role in cancer evolution is still unknown. We performed the first in-depth study of SAMHD1's role in advanced solid tumors, by analyzing samples of 128 patients treated with chemotherapy agents based on platinum derivatives and/or antimetabolites, developing novel in vitro knock-out models to explore the mechanisms driving SAMHD1 function in cancer. Low (or no) expression of SAMHD1 was associated with a positive prognosis in breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cancer patients. A predictive value was associated with low-SAMHD1 expression in NSCLC and ovarian patients treated with antimetabolites in combination with platinum derivatives. In vitro, SAMHD1 knock-out cells showed increased γ-H2AX and apoptosis, suggesting that SAMHD1 depletion induces DNA damage leading to cell death. In vitro treatment with platinum-derived drugs significantly enhanced γ-H2AX and apoptotic markers expression in knock-out cells, indicating a synergic effect of SAMHD1 depletion and platinum-based treatment. SAMHD1 expression represents a new strong prognostic and predictive biomarker in solid tumors and, thus, modulation of the SAMHD1 function may constitute a promising target for the improvement of cancer therapy.
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Xue K, Luo B, Li X, Deng W, Zeng C, Zuo C. Consistency evaluation of lung adenocarcinoma tissue and circulating tumor cells related gene mutation detection based on multi-site immunomagnetic beads. J Biomater Appl 2022; 36:1700-1711. [PMID: 35029523 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211065861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of genetic testing using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) instead of tumor tissues in lung adenocarcinoma to break through its limitation. Separation system for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Vimentin expressing CTCs was constructed and used to capture CTCs in the blood samples of 57 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Genetic mutations of genes involved in targeted therapies were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tissues from these patients. Blood CTC samples with the gene mutations identified by tissue-NGS were selected and corresponding gene mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing. The specificity of the CTC separation system was 95.48% and the sensitivity was 90.85%. The average number of CTCs in the blood of patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 12.47/7.5 mL. Comparison of the tissue-NGS with the CTC-Sanger sequencing showed that the consistencies of genetic mutations of EGFR (n = 24), KRAS (n = 9), TP53 (n = 19), BRAF (n = 1), ERBB2 (n = 2), and PIK3CA (n = 3) were 92.31%, 75.00%, 86.36%, 50.00%, 66.67%, and 75.00%, with an overall consistency of 84.06%. The CTC separation system established in this study shows high specificity and sensitivity. CTCs can be used as a suitable alternative to tumor tissues that are difficult to obtain in clinical practice and overcome the difficulties in tumor tissue collection, which is of significance in guiding clinical medication and individualized treatment with significant clinical application value in terms of genetic testing for targeted therapies in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Xue
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingqing Luo
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Weixian Deng
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuiyun Zuo
- 519885Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Second Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Yan J, Wan D. Dysregulation of circulating CDC42 and its correlation with demographic characteristics, comorbidities, tumor features, chemotherapeutic regimen and survival profile in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24140. [PMID: 34952984 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) induces the immune escape, represses the CD8+ T-cell activation, and further leads to the tumor metastasis in various neoplasms, whereas the correlation of circulating CDC42 with clinical features and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate this topic. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 263 NSCLC patients before treatment and 50 health controls (HC) were used for CDC42 determination by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. RESULTS CDC42 expression was higher in NSCLC patients than HCs (p < 0.001). Besides, elevated CDC42 expression was correlated with the occurrence of lymph node (LYN) metastasis (p = 0.003) and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.007), but not related to other tumor features, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, nor neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy (all p > 0.05). Additionally, elevated CDC42 expression was correlated with unfavorable accumulating disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.025). More importantly, multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that elevated CDC42 expression (hazard ratio (HR): 1.284, p < 0.001) and higher TNM stage (HR: 1.428, p = 0.003) were independently associated with shorter DFS, meanwhile elevated CDC42 expression (HR: 1.193, p = 0.035), higher pathological grade (HR: 1.558, p = 0.003), higher TNM stage (HR: 1.703, p = 0.001) and higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score (HR: 1.538, p = 0.038) were independently correlated with unsatisfying OS. CONCLUSION Circulating CDC42 is highly expressed with its overexpression linked with LYN metastasis, poor DFS, and OS in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Daihong Wan
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, Huangshi Central Hospital, (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
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21
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Kim DS, Ahn HS, Kim HJ. Statin use and incidence and mortality of breast and gynecology cancer: A cohort study using the National Health Insurance claims database. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1156-1165. [PMID: 34751444 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings concerning the impact of statin use on cancer prevention. This study examined the association between statin use and cancer incidence and mortality related to breast and gynecologic cancers in South Korea. A population-based cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance claims database. Women aged 45-70 years old who had taken statins for at least 6 months were compared to statin non-users of the same age from January 2005 to June 2013. The primary outcomes were cancer incidence and mortality related to breast cancer, total gynecologic cancers, cervix uteri cancer, and ovarian cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Out of 587 705 women, there were 3591 cases of breast cancer, 2239 cases of gynecologic cancers, and 565 breast and total gynecologic cancer deaths during 7.6 person-years. The aHRs for the association between the risk of each cancer and statin use were 0.88 (95% CI 0.79-0.97) for breast cancer and 0.83 (95% CI 0.67-0.99) for cervix uteri cancer. Statin use was associated with decreased breast cancer mortality (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.99) and total gynecologic cancer mortality (HR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.98). A dose-response relationship was only found for all-cancer mortality. Statin use for at least 6 months was significantly associated with a lower risk of breast and cervix uteri cancer incidence, and with lower mortality of breast and gynecologic cancers. Further research on these associations will be needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sook Kim
- Department of Research, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111500. [PMID: 34829729 PMCID: PMC8614912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
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Zuo L, Li X, Zhu H, Li A, Wang Y. Expression of miR-181a in Circulating Tumor Cells of Ovarian Cancer and Its Clinical Application. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22011-22019. [PMID: 34497895 PMCID: PMC8412912 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the possibility of early diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC) via detecting miR-181a in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of OC and to solve clinical difficulties in OC tissue sample collection. Methods: EpCAM liposome magnetic beads (Ep-LMBs) were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method, and the performance of EpCAM was characterized. The cytotoxicity assay was detected by the MTT assay, and CTC capture efficiency was determined using OC cell lines. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 30 patients with OC and 30 normal ovarian tissue samples were selected. Expression of miR-181a in CTCs and tissue samples was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) with U6 as an internal reference. Expression of miR-181a was interfered in OC cells and its relative expression was measured. Results: Ep-LMBs were successfully prepared with high stability. Cellular assays showed that these Ep-LMBs could capture up to 80% of OC cells. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-181a was increased in OC tissues compared with that in normal ovarian tissues, and the relative expressions of miR-181a in cancerous tissues and CTCs were comparable. Correlation analysis with clinical characteristics revealed that miR-181a expression was correlated with the stage and metastasis of OC and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: MiR-181a may be involved in the development and progression of OC as an oncogene. Detection of miR-181a in Ep-LMB-captured CTCs is an effective and feasible alternative method for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of OC other than tissue tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department
of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center Minhang Branch Hospital, Ruili Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department
of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center Minhang Branch Hospital, Ruili Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Department
of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center Minhang Branch Hospital, Ruili Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department
of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer
Center Minhang Branch Hospital, Ruili Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department
of Oncology, Affiliated Sixth People’s
Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Chen L, Huang S, Huang J, Chen Q, Zhuang Q. Role and Mechanism of Exosome-Derived Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR in Lung Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17217-17227. [PMID: 34278108 PMCID: PMC8280638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Exosomes can mediate intracellular communication in cancer by transferring active molecules. However, the role and mechanism of HOTAIR in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still unclear. This study mainly explores the role and mechanism of exosome-derived HOTAIR in NSCLC. METHODS after the material characterization of the CD63 immune lipid magnetic bead (CD63-IMB), the exosomes in serum of NSCLC patients were captured through CD63-IMB for the corresponding biological characterization. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of HOTAIR in tumor tissues, serum, and serum exosome from NSCLC patients. Subsequently, exosome secreted by NCI-H1975 cells with highly expressed HOTAIR was selected to treat low-expression A549 cells and HOTAIR knockdown on NCI-H1975 cells. In this way, action mechanisms of HOTAIR can be investigated by means of qRT-PCR, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry. RESULTS exosomes can be isolated by CD63-IMB, and taken up by cells effectively; the qRT-PCR results demonstrate that HOTAIR expressions are significantly upregulated in tumor tissues, serums, and exosomes isolated from serums of NSCLC patients. Clinicopathological correlation analysis shows that the upregulation of HOTAIR is closely associated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging (P < 0.05). HOTAIR expressions show a significant increase in A549 cells treated with exosomes derived from NCI-H1975 cells, signifying that both proliferation and migration of A549 cells are promoted, and HOTAIR depletion could inhibit the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS HOTAIR is highly expressed in tumor tissues, serums, and serum exosomes of NSCLC patients and its expression has a significant correlation with lymphatic metastasis and TNM staging. Moreover, the exosome may promote NSCLC proliferation and migration through HOTAIR transportation. Therefore, exosome-derived HOTAIR is expected to be a new molecular marker for NSCLC diagnosis, and exosomal transmission of HOTAIR may provide a new approach to NSCLC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361001, China
| | - Shenhui Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361001, China
| | - Jincheng Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361001, China
| | - Qiujuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361001, China
| | - Qihong Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, No. 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361001, China
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Liu Y, Li Q, Chen T, Shen T, Zhang X, Song P, Liu L, Liu J, Jiang T, Liang X. Clinical verification of vimentin/EpCAM immunolipid magnetic sorting system in monitoring CTCs in arterial and venous blood of advanced tumor. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:185. [PMID: 34134721 PMCID: PMC8207779 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the dominant factor leading to tumor metastasis. This study aims to investigate the effect of disparate sources of CTCs on the treatment and prognosis of patients with advanced tumors by analyzing the number and gene mutations change of CTCs in arterial and venous blood in patients with advanced tumors. RESULTS A CTCs sorting system was constructed based on Vimentin-immunolipid magnetic balls (Vi-IMB) and EpCAM immunolipid magnetic balls (Ep-IMB). Results showed that the prepared Ep-IMB and Vi-IMB had lower cytotoxicity, better specificity and sensitivity. The number of arterial CTCs was higher than that of venous CTCs, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Moreover, the prognosis of the low positive group of total CTCs in arterial blood and venous blood was higher than that of the high positive group, with a statistical significance (P < 0.05). The genetic testing results showed that the targeted drug gene mutations in tissues, arterial CTCs and venous CTCs showed a complementary trend, indicating that there was heterogeneity among different tumor samples. CONCLUSIONS CTCs in blood can be efficiently captured by the CTCs sorting system based on Vi-LMB/Ep-LMB, and CTCs detection in arterial blood can be utilized to more accurately evaluate the prognosis and predict postoperative progress. It is further confirmed that tumor samples from disparate sources are heterogeneous, providing a reference basis for gene mutation detection before clinical targeted drug treatment, and the detection of CTCs in arterial blood has more potential clinical application value. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Ethics Committee of Putuo Hospital, PTEC-A-2019-18-1. Registered 24 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Tingsong Chen
- Second department of oncology, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Shen
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Song
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, No. 800, Rujiadian Road, Huzhou, 313009, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China
| | - Tinghui Jiang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 164, Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200333, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, No. 800, Rujiadian Road, Huzhou, 313009, China.
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Kim HS, Seo HK. Emerging treatments for bacillus Calmette-Guérin-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:361-377. [PMID: 34085791 PMCID: PMC8246016 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy has been the gold standard adjuvant treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). BCG immunotherapy prevents disease recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive disease following TURBT. Although most patients initially respond well to intravesical BCG, considerable concern has been raised for patients with BCG failure who are refractory or recur in 6 months after their last BCG, which implies ‘BCG-unresponsiveness’. Based on current clinical guidelines, early radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended to treat BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. However, due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality of RC and patients' desire to preserve their own bladder, there is a critical unmet need for alternative conservative treatments as bladder-sparing strategies in BCG-unresponsive patients. Trials for effective bladder-sparing treatments are ongoing, and several novel agents have been recently tested in the NMIBC setting. The goal of this review is to introduce and summarize recently reported novel and emerging drugs and ongoing clinical trials for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Division of Tumor Immunology, Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Research Institute, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Ye X, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Sun B, Fu H, Fu C, Liang X, Jiang H. Expression and mechanism of exosome-mediated A FOXM1 related long noncoding RNA in gastric cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:133. [PMID: 33971889 PMCID: PMC8111998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is an oncogene regulating tumor growth and metastasis. Exosome was suggested to mediate cell communication by delivering active molecules in cancers. However, the existence of FOXM1 in circulating exosomes and the role of exosome FOXM1 in gastric cancer (GC) were not clear. This study aims to investigate the potential role of FOXM1 related long noncoding RNA (FRLnc1) in exosomes in GC. RESULTS The prepared CD63 immunomagnetic beads (CD63-IMB) had the characteristics of good dispersity and high magnetic response. The isolated exosomes were presented with elliptical membranous particles under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), with the particle size of 89.78 ± 4.8 nm. Western blot (WB) results showed that the exosomes were rich in CD9 and CD81. The Dil-labeled exosomes were distributed around cytoplasm and nucleus of cells by imaging flow cytometry (IFC) analysis. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the FRLnc1 expressions were up-regulated in GC cells, tumor tissues, and serum of GC patients. An obviously up-regulated FRLnc1 expression was found in serum exosomes of GC patients. Up-regulation of FRLnc1 expression was closely correlated to lymph node metastasis (LNM) and TNM stage with the combination of relevant clinicopathological parameter analysis. The in vitro functional analyses demonstrated that FRLnc1 knockdown by RNA interference suppressed cell proliferation and migration in HGC-27 cells, whereas FRLnc1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and migration in MKN45 cells. After exosome treatment, the FRLnc1 expression was significantly increased in MKN45 cells, and the MKN45 cells showed increased ability of proliferation and migration. CONCLUSION GC cells-derived exosomes played roles in promoting the growth and metastasis of GC by transporting FRLnc1, suggesting that FRLnc1 in the exosomes may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC. The delivery of FRLnc1 by the exosomes may provide a new way for the treatment of GC. Trial registration 2020-KYSB-094. Registered 23 March 2020-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuanting Ye
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Biaofeng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chuangang Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Huzhou Lieyuan Medical Laboratory Company Ltd., No. 800, Rujiadian Rd., Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 389, Putuoxincun Rd., Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Yoshida Y, Inoue D. Clinical management of chemotherapy for elderly gynecological cancer patients. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2261-2270. [PMID: 33880829 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Since there are no established guidelines for the treatment of gynecological cancer in the elderly, medical treatment policy is currently decided by discussion with patients and their families based on doctors' experiences, referring to data from nonelderly patients and healthy elderly patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the current position of chemotherapy for elderly gynecological cancer patients and discuss the problems to be addressed in the future. METHODS Little evidence has been accumulated for anticancer drug treatment in elderly individuals with gynecological cancer. This review presents outlines and representative papers on general cancer chemotherapy for the elderly, and problems that need to be solved in gynecological cancer fields in the future are identified. RESULTS In 2018, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published guidelines for "Practical Assessment and Management of Vulnerabilities in Older Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: ASCO Guideline for Geriatric Oncology Summary". This guideline emphasizes that, when administering chemotherapy to patients over 65 years of age, vulnerabilities should be identified using geriatric assessment (GA). However, there have been no reports of clinical studies using GA in patients with cervical or uterine cancers, and only a few clinical studies using GA have been reported in patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Scoring systems suitable for elderly Japanese patients remain lacking. A Japanese gynecological GA needs to be developed in cooperation with other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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