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Rezoan Hossain M, Zahra Shova FT, Akter M, Shuvo S, Ahmed N, Akter A, Haque M, Salma U, Roman Mogal M, Saha HR, Sarkar BC, Sohel M. Esculetin unveiled: Decoding its anti-tumor potential through molecular mechanisms-A comprehensive review. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1948. [PMID: 38062981 PMCID: PMC10809201 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing complexity of cancer has made it a significant concern in the medical community. Although cancer research has advanced, it is still challenging to create new effective medications due to the limitations and side effects of existing treatment strategies. These are enforcing the development of some alternative drugs from natural compounds with fewer drawbacks and side effects. AIM Therefore, this review aims to provide up-to-date, crucial, and all-encompassing data on esculetin's anticancer activity, including all relevant molecular and cellular processes based on in vivo and in vitro investigations. RESULTS According to the literature review, esculetin is available in nature and is effective against 16 different types of cancer. The general mechanism shown by esculetin is modulating signaling cascades and its related pathways, like cell proliferation, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, invasion, and DNA damage. Nanoformulation of esculetin improves this natural product's efficacy by improving water solubility. Esculetin's synergistic effects with both natural substances and conventional treatments have been shown, and this method aids in reversing resistance mechanisms by modulating resistance-related proteins. In addition, it has fewer side effects on humans than other phytochemicals and standard drugs with some good pharmacokinetic features. CONCLUSION Therefore, until standard chemotherapeutics are available in pharmaceutical markets, esculetin should be used as a therapeutic drug against various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatema Tuj Zahra Shova
- Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Munni Akter
- Department of MedicalDinajpure Nursing College (Affiliated Rajshahi University)DinajpurBangladesh
| | - Shahporan Shuvo
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Nasim Ahmed
- Department of PharmacyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter
- Departmnet of MicrobiologyNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | - Munira Haque
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Umme Salma
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md Roman Mogal
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Hasi Rani Saha
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Md Sohel
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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Hadzic M, Pojskic L, Lojo-Kadric N, Haveric A, Ramic J, Galic B, Haveric S. Novel boron-containing compound, halogenated boroxine, induces selective cytotoxicity through apoptosis triggering in UT-7 leukemia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23005. [PMID: 35174948 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis induction is a promising approach in targeting tumor cells. As halogenated boroxine (HB) shows antitumor activity, but its mechanism of action in hematological tumors remains unclear, in this study, we aimed to analyze apoptosis triggering in normal and UT-7 leukemia cells by HB. Methods for assessing cell viability and cytotoxicity, apoptosis detection, relative expression of 84 apoptosis-associated genes and BCL-2, and functional analysis were applied. Pronounced HB activities in inhibition of cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction with measurable differences between tumor and normal cells were found. HB modulated the expression of 21 genes, predominantly downregulated the antiapoptotic genes in leukemia. The functional association revealed HB's impact on inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. BCL-2 expression decreasing was found only in UT-7 leukemia. This study identified HB as an apoptosis inducer affecting leukemia but not normal cells considering mechanisms of selective activity that may be a great advantage of HB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Hadzic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Pojskic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Naida Lojo-Kadric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Ramic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Borivoj Galic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Zhang L, Xie Q, Li X. Esculetin: A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2021; 36:279-298. [PMID: 34808701 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural dihydroxy coumarin; it is mainly extracted from twig skin and the trunk bark of the Chinese herbal medicine Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. Emerging evidence suggests that esculetin has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Based on its fundamental properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities, as well as antibacterial activity, among others, esculetin is expected to be a therapeutic drug for specific disease indications, such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other diseases. The oral bioavailability of esculetin was shown by studies to be low. The extensive glucuronidation was described to be the main metabolic pathway of esculetin and C-7 phenolic hydroxyl to be its major metabolic site. With the development of scientific research technology, the pharmacological effects of esculetin are identified and its potential for the treatment of diseases is demonstrated. The underlining mechanisms of action and biological activities as well as the pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far are highlighted in this review with the aim of becoming a proven, and applicable insight and reference for further studies on the utilization of esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Variations in the leaf metabolite profile between hydroponic and field grown Moringa oleifera Lam. genotypes. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar S, Nagpal R, Kumar A, Ashraf MU, Bae YS. Immunotherapeutic Potential of m6A-Modifiers and MicroRNAs in Controlling Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:690. [PMID: 34207299 PMCID: PMC8234128 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have contributed greatly to human carcinogenesis. Conventional epigenetic studies have been predominantly focused on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelling. Epitranscriptomics is an emerging field that encompasses the study of RNA modifications that do not affect the RNA sequence but affect functionality via a series of RNA binding proteins called writer, reader and eraser. Several kinds of epi-RNA modifications are known, such as 6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), and 1-methyladenosine. M6A modification is the most studied and has large therapeutic implications. In this review, we have summarised the therapeutic potential of m6A-modifiers in controlling haematological disorders, especially acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML is a type of blood cancer affecting specific subsets of blood-forming hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which proliferate rapidly and acquire self-renewal capacities with impaired terminal cell-differentiation and apoptosis leading to abnormal accumulation of white blood cells, and thus, an alternative therapeutic approach is required urgently. Here, we have described how RNA m6A-modification machineries EEE (Editor/writer: Mettl3, Mettl14; Eraser/remover: FTO, ALKBH5, and Effector/reader: YTHDF-1/2) could be reformed into potential druggable candidates or as RNA-modifying drugs (RMD) to treat leukaemia. Moreover, we have shed light on the role of microRNAs and suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS/CISH) in increasing anti-tumour immunity towards leukaemia. We anticipate, our investigation will provide fundamental knowledge in nurturing the potential of RNA modifiers in discovering novel therapeutics or immunotherapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition & Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medical Writer, Quebec City, QC G1X 3E1, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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NMR-Based Metabolomic Analyses to Identify the Effect of Harvesting Frequencies on the Leaf Metabolite Profile of a Moringa oleifera Cultivar Grown in an Open Hydroponic System. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082298. [PMID: 33921119 PMCID: PMC8071497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the world’s most useful medicinal plants. Different parts of the M. oleifera tree contain a rich profile of important minerals, proteins, vitamins, and various important bioactive compounds. However, there are differences in the phytochemical composition of the medicinal plant’s raw materials due to seasonal variation, cultivation practices, and post-harvest processing. The main objective of this study was therefore to determine the effect of harvesting frequencies on selected bioactive compounds of a M. oleifera cultivar (PKM1) grown in a hydroponic system under a shade net structure. Three harvesting frequency treatments were applied in the study, with the plants harvested at every 30 days (high frequency), 60 days (intermediate frequency), and 90 days (low frequency) respectively. 1H-NMR was used for data acquisition, and multivariate data analysis by means of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminatory analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to determine the changes in the leaf metabolite profile, and also to identify the spectral features contributing to the separation of samples. Targeted metabolite analysis was used to match the NMR peaks of the compounds with the NMR chemical shifts of the contribution plot. The contribution plot showed that the increase in concentration of some compounds in aliphatic, sugar and aromatic regions contributed to the separation of the samples. The results revealed that intermediate and low harvesting frequencies resulted in a change in the leaf metabolite profile. Compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, wogonin, esculetin, niazirin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed an increase under intermediate and low harvesting frequencies. These results provide insight into the effect of harvesting frequencies on the metabolite profile and associated medicinal activity of M. oleifera.
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Edathara PM, Chintalapally S, Makani VKK, Pant C, Yerramsetty S, D Rao M, Bhadra MP. Inhibitory role of oleanolic acid and esculetin in HeLa cells involve multiple signaling pathways. Gene 2020; 771:145370. [PMID: 33346097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of cervical cancer from low and middle-income groups is increasing at alarming rates with more than half a million women being diagnosed every year. Although the disease is largely preventable when screened and diagnosed in earlier stages, the development of resistance and relapse had resulted in a poor prognosis. Therefore, a comprehensive approach needs to be put forward to understand and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies to effectively combat cancer. Recently, much attention has been diverted to plant-derivatives for the treatment as they exhibit potent anti-cancer properties and side-effects caused by chemotherapeutic agents can also be prevented. Oleanolic acid and Esculetin are natural compounds known for their anti-cancer properties. Hence, the present study investigates the effect and mechanism of these compounds on cervical carcinoma, using HeLa cells. Posttreatment, it was observed that these compounds inhibited proliferation by both arresting the cells in the sub G1 phase and inducing senescence. Also, a marked reduction in the migration and cell survival was observed, as evidenced by results obtained from wound healing assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Furthermore, studies on the expression pattern of genes involved in major signaling pathways demonstrated a profound effect of these compounds. Taken together, the results of our study suggest that both Oleanolic acid and esculetin serve as a plausible therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivakanth Chintalapally
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Venkata Krishna Kanth Makani
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | - Chitrakshi Pant
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manohar D Rao
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Training and Development Complex, CSIR Campus, CSIR Road, Taramani, Chennai, India.
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Fortier H, Gies V, Variola F, Wang C, Zou S. Probing arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated leukemia cell elasticities using atomic force microscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4734-4741. [PMID: 32968751 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional analytical techniques allow for the diagnosis of leukemia, blood and bone marrow cancers, as well as their classification into the different subtypes. However, a better understanding of the cancer treatment through cell apoptosis staging is still required. Evaluation of the timeline and responses of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells to the arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment is essential for determining the oral dosage in leukemia prognosis. Here, an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indentation approach has been used to evaluate the mechanical responses of cellular responses of APL cells to ATO treatment, alongside well-established cell viability assays, as a novel method to determine the impact of drugs. In addition, cell morphology was quantified to monitor cellular apoptosis. Viability, morphology and elasticity changes of NB4 cells (derived from Human APL patients) were correlated to different time courses of the ATO treatments. Unveiling the relationships among structural, morphological and nanomechanical properties in response to ATO drug treatment promises to pave the way for novel diagnostic tools for drug screening and for a better understanding of the specific physical and biological effects of drugs on diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fortier
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Valerie Gies
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, M5X 1G5, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Translational role of natural coumarins and their derivatives as anticancer agents. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1057-1082. [PMID: 31140865 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural coumarins and their derivatives isolated from various plants or microorganisms have inherent antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer properties among many biological activities. Some of these coumarins and their derivatives lead to self-programmed cancer cell death (apoptosis) via different mechanisms, which will be discussed. The link between bacterial and viral infections to cancer compels us to highlight fascinating reports from coumarin isolation from microorganisms; comment on the recent bioavailability studies of natural or derived coumarins; and discuss our perspectives with respect to bioisosterism in coumarins, p-glycoprotein inhibition and covalent modification, and bioprobes. Overall, this review hopes to stimulate and offer in particular medicinal chemists and the reader in general an outlook on natural coumarins and their derivatives with potential for cancer therapy.
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Rubio V, García-Pérez AI, Herráez A, Diez JC. Different roles of Nrf2 and NFKB in the antioxidant imbalance produced by esculetin or quercetin on NB4 leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:158-166. [PMID: 30171828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Esculetin (6,7-dihydrocoumarin) and the flavonoid quercetin (3,5,7,3',4' pentahydroxyflavone) are compounds that could change the balance of redox homeostasis. NB4 leukemia cells were treated with 25 μM quercetin for 24 h and with esculetin at either 100 or 500 μM for different times. Quercetin increased the levels of pro-inflammatory NFkB p65 in the nucleus correspondingly reducing them in the cytosol. The levels of NFkB p65 decreased in the nucleus at high esculetin concentration treatments for long times (19 h), concomitantly increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory NFkB p50 in the nucleus. This could suggest formation of inhibitory p50 homodimers possibly related with anti-inflammatory response. Lipoxygenase expression was reduced either by esculetin or quercetin. A significant increase of Nrf2 in the nucleus of NB4 cells treated with 100 μM esculetin for 19 h was observed. Quercetin increased the levels of Nrf2 in the cytosol reducing them in the nucleus. Superoxide dismutase expression increased in NB4 cells treated with esculetin in contrast with quercetin. All these data support a relevant differential role for NFkB and Nrf2 in anti-inflammatory and redox response when apoptosis was induced by esculetin or quercetin in human leukemia NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Rubio
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Pérez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Herráez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Diez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhu X, Gu J, Qian H. Esculetin Attenuates the Growth of Lung Cancer by Downregulating Wnt Targeted Genes and Suppressing NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhu X, Gu J, Qian H. Esculetin Attenuates the Growth of Lung Cancer by Downregulating Wnt Targeted Genes and Suppressing NF-κB. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 54:128-133. [PMID: 29108761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esculetin was identified to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in several cancer cell lines. However, the effect of esculetin on lung cancer remains elusive. METHODS The anti-proliferative role of esculetin in murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with LLC cells to investigate the inhibitory effect of esculetin on the growth of lung cancer xenograft. Invasive ability was detected in esculetin treated and untreated LLC cells by transwell assay. The association between esculetin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), was confirmed by testing the expression of c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB using Western blot. RESULTS Esculetin treatment in LLC cells led to significant decrease of cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After injection of LLC cells into mice, reduced size and weight of tumors were observed in esculetin treated mice compared to untreated mice. However, no difference in cell invasion was observed between the treated and untreated LLC cells. Notably decreased expression of c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB were observed in LLC cells with esculetin treatment compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION Esculetin plays an inhibitory role in the growth of lung cancer by down-regulating c-myc, Cyclin D1 and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiaping Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Hongxian Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, China.
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Rubio V, García-Pérez AI, Herráez A, Tejedor MC, Diez JC. Esculetin modulates cytotoxicity induced by oxidants in NB4 human leukemia cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:700-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Esculetin Neutralises Cytotoxicity of t-BHP but Not of H 2O 2 on Human Leukaemia NB4 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9491045. [PMID: 28367450 PMCID: PMC5359438 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9491045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The coumarin esculetin shows antioxidant action on some cell types, both by scavenging ROS and by decreasing ROS production. We have previously demonstrated the induction of apoptosis by esculetin on NB4 human leukaemia cells by an ill-defined mechanism related to ROS levels. In this work, we analyze the effect of the simultaneous treatment with esculetin and two oxidants to observe the early events in the mechanism of esculetin-induced apoptosis. Our results show that, from the early time of 15 min, esculetin acts synergistically with H2O2 to decrease cell viability and metabolic activity and to increase apoptosis in NB4 cells. In contrast, the early oxidative effects of t-BHP are neutralised by esculetin, protecting human leukaemia NB4 cells from apoptosis. Esculetin seems to restrict the increase in peroxides caused by H2O2 or t-BHP in the time interval analyzed. These results contribute to a better understanding of the cytotoxic effect caused by esculetin on NB4 cells. At the same time, the early neutralisation of exogenous oxidants could be of interest to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress imbalance.
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Arora R, Sawney S, Saini V, Steffi C, Tiwari M, Saluja D. Esculetin induces antiproliferative and apoptotic response in pancreatic cancer cells by directly binding to KEAP1. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:64. [PMID: 27756327 PMCID: PMC5069780 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A handful of studies have exploited antitumor potential of esculetin, a dihydroxy coumarine derivative; the targets to which it binds and the possible downstream mechanism for its cytotoxicity in cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Using pancreatic cancer cell lines as a model system, herein the study was initiated to check the efficacy of esculetin in inhibiting growth of these cancer cells, to decipher mechanism of its action and to predict its direct binding target protein. METHODS The cytotoxicity of esculetin was determined in PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cell lines; followed by an inspection of intracellular levels of ROS and its associated transcription factor, p65-NF-κB. The interaction between transcription factor, Nrf2 and its regulator KEAP1 was studied in the presence and absence of esculetin. The effect of Nrf2 on gene expression of antioxidant response element pathway was monitored by real time PCR. Thereafter, potential binding target of esculetin was predicted through molecular docking and then confirmed in vitro. RESULTS Esculetin treatment in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in significant growth inhibition with G1-phase cell cycle arrest and induction of mitochondrial dependent apoptosis through activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9. A notable decrease was observed in intracellular ROS and protein levels of p65-NF-κB in PANC-1 cells on esculetin treatment. Antioxidant response regulator Nrf2 has been reportedly involved in crosstalk with NF-κB. Interaction between Nrf2 and KEAP1 was found to be lost upon esculetin treatment in PANC-1 and MIA Paca-2 cells. Nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and an upregulation of expression of Nrf2 regulated gene NQO1, observed on esculetin treatment in PANC-1 further supported the activation of Nrf2. To account for the loss of Nrf2-KEAP1 interaction on esculetin treatment, direct binding potential between esculetin and KEAP1 was depicted in silico using molecular docking studies. Pull down assay using esculetin conjugated sepharose beads confirmed the binding between esculetin and KEAP1. CONCLUSIONS We propose that esculetin binds to KEAP1 and inhibits its interaction with Nrf2 in pancreatic cancer cells. This thereby promotes nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in PANC-1 cells that induces antiproliferative and apoptotic response possibly by attenuating NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Arora
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Sharad Sawney
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vikas Saini
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Chris Steffi
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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16
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Choi RY, Ham JR, Lee MK. Esculetin prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetic mice fed high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:13-21. [PMID: 27769711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and mechanism of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) on non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetic mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). The diabetic mice model was induced by injection of streptozotocin, after which they were fed HFD diet with or without esculetin for 11 weeks. Non-diabetic mice were provided a normal diet. Diabetes induced hepatic hypertrophy, lipid accumulation and droplets; however, esculetin reversed these changes. Esculetin treatment in diabetic mice fed HFD significantly down-regulated expression of lipid synthesis genes (Fasn, Dgat2 and Plpp2) and inflammation genes (Tlr4, Myd88, Nfkb, Tnfα and Il6). Moreover, the activities of hepatic lipid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase) and gluconeogenesis enzyme (glucose-6-phosphatase) in the esculetin group were decreased compared with the diabetic group. In addition, esculetin significantly reduced blood HbA1c, serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1) levels compared with the diabetic group without changing the insulin content in serum and the pancreas. Hepatic SOD activity was lower and lipid peroxidation level was higher in the diabetic group than in the normal group; however, esculetin attenuates these differences. Overall, these results demonstrated that esculetin supplementation could protect against development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetes via regulation of lipids, glucose and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ri Ham
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lee Y. Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Essential Oil and its Component from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:225-30. [PMID: 27437089 PMCID: PMC4946420 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been widely used as a folk medicine to treat various diseases, including cancer. This study aims to re-examine the therapeutic potential of co-administration of natural products and cancer chemotherapeutics. Candidate material for this project, α-zingiberene, was extracted from Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and α-zingiberene makes up 35.02 ± 0.30% of its total essential oil. α-Zingiberene showed low IC50 values, 60.6 ± 3.6, 46.2 ± 0.6, 172.0 ± 6.6, 80.3 ± 6.6 (μg/mL) in HeLa, SiHa, MCF-7 and HL-60 cells each. These values are a little bit higher than IC50 values of general essential oil in those cells. The treatment of α-zingiberene produced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in SiHa cells, and the percentage of sub-diploid cells increased in a concentration-dependent manner in SiHa cells, hallmark features of apoptosis. Mitochondrial cytochrome c activation and an in vitro caspase-3 activity assay demonstrated that the activation of caspases accompanies the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene, which mediates cell death. These results suggest that the apoptotic effect of α-zingiberene on SiHa cells may converge caspase-3 activation through the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm. It is considered that anti-proliferative effect of α-zingiberene is a result of apoptotic effects, and α-zingiberene is worth furthermore study to develop it as cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Lee
- Department of Energy and Bio Engineering, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
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18
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Esculetin, a natural coumarin compound, evokes Ca2+ movement and activation of Ca2+-associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways that involved cell cycle arrest in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4665-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Miri R, Nejati M, Saso L, Khakdan F, Parshad B, Mathur D, Parmar VS, Bracke ME, Prasad AK, Sharma SK, Firuzi O. Structure-activity relationship studies of 4-methylcoumarin derivatives as anticancer agents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:105-10. [PMID: 26017566 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1016183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and novel chemotherapeutic agents with better efficacy and safety profiles are much needed. Coumarins are natural polyphenolic compounds with important pharmacological activities, which are present in many dietary plants and herbal remedies. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate natural and synthetic coumarin derivatives with considerable anticancer capacity against three human cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We synthesized 27 coumarin derivatives (mostly having 4-methyl moiety) and examined their cytotoxic effect on three human cancer cell lines, K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia), LS180 (colon adenocarcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) by MTT reduction assay. Screened compounds included 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarins (7-HMCs), 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarins (7-AMCs), and different dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC) and diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC) derivatives. Some compounds with methoxy, amine, and bromine substitutions were also examined. RESULTS 7,8-DHMCs bearing alkyl groups at C3 position were the most effective subgroup, and of which, the most potent is compound 11, with an n-decyl chain at C3, which had IC50 values of 42.4, 25.2, and 25.1 µM against K562, LS180, and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The second most active subgroup was 7,8-DAMCs containing ethoxycarbonylmethyl and ethoxycarbonylethyl moieties at C3 position. Compound 27 (6-bromo-4-bromomethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin), the only derivative containing bromine also showed reasonable cytotoxic activities (IC50 range: 32.7-45.8 µM). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of 4-methylcoumarins shows that further investigation of these derivatives may lead to the discovery of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Miri
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Maryam Nejati
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer" , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Fatemeh Khakdan
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Badri Parshad
- c Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi , India , and
| | - Divya Mathur
- c Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi , India , and
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- c Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi , India , and
- d Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research , University Hospital, University of Gent , Gent , Belgium
| | - Marc E Bracke
- d Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research , University Hospital, University of Gent , Gent , Belgium
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- c Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi , India , and
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- c Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , Delhi , India , and
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- a Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Wang J, Lu ML, Dai HL, Zhang SP, Wang HX, Wei N. Esculetin, a coumarin derivative, exerts in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity against hepatocellular carcinoma by initiating a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:245-53. [PMID: 25517918 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity of esculetin against hepatocellular carcinoma, and clarified its potential molecular mechanisms. Cell viability was determined by the MTT (tetrazolium) colorimetric assay. In vivo antitumor activity of esculetin was evaluated in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Seventy-five C57BL/6J mice were implanted with Hepa1-6 cells and randomized into five groups (n=15 each) given daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (physiological saline), esculetin (200, 400, or 700 mg·kg-1·day-1), or 5-Fu (200 mg·kg-1·day-1) for 15 days. Esculetin significantly decreased tumor growth in mice bearing Hepa1-6 cells. Tumor weight was decreased by 20.33, 40.37, and 55.42% with increasing doses of esculetin. Esculetin significantly inhibited proliferation of HCC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and with an IC50 value of 2.24 mM. It blocked the cell cycle at S phase and induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells with significant elevation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, but did not affect caspase-8 activity. Moreover, esculetin treatment resulted in the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro and in vivo accompanied by increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. Thus, esculetin exerted in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity in hepatocellular carcinoma, and its mechanisms involved initiation of a mitochondrial-mediated, caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - M L Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research, Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research, Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - S P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research, Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - H X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research, Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - N Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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