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Sellaththurai S, Jung S, Kim MJ, Nadarajapillai K, Ganeshalingam S, Jeong JB, Lee J. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Knockout of Sting Increases Susceptibility of Zebrafish to Bacterial Infection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020324. [PMID: 36830693 PMCID: PMC9953276 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adapter protein that is activated when cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are present. CDNs originate from the cytosolic DNA of both pathogens and hosts. STING activation promotes efficient immune responses against viral infections; however, its impact in bacterial infections is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Sting in bacterial infections by successfully creating a sting-deficient (sting(-/-) with a 4-bp deletion) knockout zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9. The transcriptional modulation of genes downstream of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase)-Sting pathway-related genes was analyzed in seven-day-old wild-type (WT) and sting(-/-) embryos, as well as in four-day-old LPS-stimulated embryos. The expression of downstream genes was higher in sting(-/-) than in healthy WT fish. The late response was observed in sting(-/-) larvae following LPS treatment, demonstrating the importance of Sting-induced immunity during bacterial infection by activating the cGAS-STING pathway. Furthermore, adult sting(-/-) fish had a high mortality rate and significantly downregulated cGAS-STING pathway-related genes during Edwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) infection. In addition, we assessed NF-κB pathway genes following E. piscicida infection. Our results show fluctuating patterns of interleukin-6 (il6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnfα) expression, which is likely due to the influence of other NF-κB pathway-related immune genes. In summary, this study demonstrates the important role of Sting against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.B.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.B.J.); (J.L.)
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Reduced physiological plasticity in a fish adapted to stable temperatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201919119. [PMID: 35617428 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201919119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance Plastic individuals can buffer environmental changes, maintaining a stable performance across gradients. Plasticity is therefore thought to be particularly beneficial for the survival of wild populations that experience large environmental fluctuations, such as diel and seasonal temperature changes. Maintaining plasticity is widely assumed to be costly; however, empirical evidence demonstrating this cost is scarce. Here, we predict that if plasticity is costly, it would be readily lost in a stable environment, such as a laboratory. To test this, we measured a diverse range of phenotypic traits, spanning gene expression, physiology, and behavior, in wild and laboratory zebrafish acclimated to 15 temperatures. We show that laboratory fish have lost plasticity in many traits, demonstrating that maintaining plasticity carries a cost.
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Weldenegodguad M, Pokharel K, Niiranen L, Soppela P, Ammosov I, Honkatukia M, Lindeberg H, Peippo J, Reilas T, Mazzullo N, Mäkelä KA, Nyman T, Tervahauta A, Herzig KH, Stammler F, Kantanen J. Adipose gene expression profiles reveal insights into the adaptation of northern Eurasian semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Commun Biol 2021; 4:1170. [PMID: 34620965 PMCID: PMC8497613 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are semi-domesticated animals adapted to the challenging conditions of northern Eurasia. Adipose tissues play a crucial role in northern animals by altering gene expression in their tissues to regulate energy homoeostasis and thermogenic activity. Here, we perform transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing of adipose tissues from three different anatomical depots: metacarpal (bone marrow), perirenal, and prescapular fat in Finnish and Even reindeer (in Sakha) during spring and winter. A total of 16,212 genes are expressed in our data. Gene expression profiles in metacarpal tissue are distinct from perirenal and prescapular adipose tissues. Notably, metacarpal adipose tissue appears to have a significant role in the regulation of the energy metabolism of reindeer in spring when their nutritional condition is poor after winter. During spring, genes associated with the immune system are upregulated in the perirenal and prescapular adipose tissue. Blood and tissue parameters reflecting general physiological and metabolic status show less seasonal variation in Even reindeer than in Finnish reindeer. This study identifies candidate genes potentially involved in immune response, fat deposition, and energy metabolism and provides new information on the mechanisms by which reindeer adapt to harsh arctic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melak Weldenegodguad
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kisun Pokharel
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Laura Niiranen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Soppela
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Innokentyi Ammosov
- grid.495192.2Laboratory of Reindeer Husbandry and Traditional Industries, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk, The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Russia
| | | | - Heli Lindeberg
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Maaninka, Finland
| | - Jaana Peippo
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland ,NordGen—Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
| | - Tiina Reilas
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Nuccio Mazzullo
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Kari A. Mäkelä
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Nyman
- grid.454322.60000 0004 4910 9859Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
| | - Arja Tervahauta
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,grid.412326.00000 0004 4685 4917Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Institute of Pediatrics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Florian Stammler
- grid.37430.330000 0001 0744 995XArctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Juha Kantanen
- grid.22642.300000 0004 4668 6757Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
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Xu C, Liu WB, Remø SC, Wang BK, Shi HJ, Zhang L, Liu JD, Li XF. Feeding restriction alleviates high carbohydrate diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala by activating the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:637-648. [PMID: 31271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of restricted feeding on the growth performance, oxidative stress and inflammation of Megalobrama amblycephala fed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets. Fish (46.94 ± 0.04 g) were randomly assigned to four groups containing the satiation of a control diet (30% carbohydrate) and three satiate levels (100% (HC1), 80% (HC2) and 60% (HC3)) of the HC diets (43% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks. Results showed that HC1 diet remarkably decreased final weight (FW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatic activities of total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and interleukin10 (IL 10) compared to the control group, whereas the opposite was true for protein efficiency ratio (PER), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), plasma glucose levels, alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) activities, hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 1β (IL 1β), ATP and AMP contents and hepatic transcriptions of kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), IkB kinase α (IKK α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), TNF α, IL 1β, interleukin 6 (IL 6) and transforming growth factor β (TGF β). As for the HC groups, fish fed the HC2 diet obtained relatively high values of SGR, PER, NRE, ERE, hepatic activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT, the AMP/ATP ratio, the p-AMPKα/t-AMPKα ratio, SIRT1 protein expression and hepatic transcriptions of AMPKα2, Nrf2, CAT, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), Mn-SOD, GPx1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and interleukin10 (IL 10), while the opposite was true for hepatic content of IL 6 and transcription of IKK α. Overall, an 80% satiation improved the growth performance and alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammation of blunt snout bream fed HC diets via the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway and the up-regulation of the activities and transcriptions of Nrf2-modulated antioxidant enzymes coupled with the depression of the levels and transcriptions of the NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sofie Charlotte Remø
- Department of Requirement and Welfare, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Dai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Barra M, Llanos-Rivera A, Cruzat F, Pino-Maureira N, González-Saldía RR. The Marine Fungi Rhodotorula sp. (Strain CNYC4007) as a Potential Feed Source for Fish Larvae Nutrition. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120369. [PMID: 29194350 PMCID: PMC5742829 DOI: 10.3390/md15120369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is used in the production of feed for cultured fish owing to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA). The over-exploitation of fisheries and events like “El Niño” are reducing the fish oil supply. Some marine microorganisms are considered potentially as alternative fatty acid sources. This study assesses a strain of Rhodotorula sp. (strain CNYC4007; 27% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of total fatty acids), as feed for fish larvae. The total length and ribonucleic acid (RNA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ratio of Danio rerio larvae was determined at first feeding at six and 12 days old (post-yolk absorption larvae). Larvae fed with microencapsulated Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 had a significantly higher RNA/DNA ratio than control group (C1). At six days post-yolk absorption group, the RNA/DNA ratio of larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. bioencapsulated in Brachionus sp. was significantly higher than control group fed with a commercial diet high in DHA (C2-DHA). Finally, at 12 days post-yolk absorption, the RNA/DNA ratio was significantly higher in larvae fed with Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 and C2-DHA (both bioencapsulated in Artemia sp. nauplii) than in control group (C1). These results suggest that Rhodotorula sp. CNYC4007 can be an alternative source of DHA for feeding fish at larval stage, providing a sustainable source of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barra
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - A Llanos-Rivera
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - F Cruzat
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - N Pino-Maureira
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - R R González-Saldía
- Marine Biotechnology Unit, Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Center for Oceanographic Research COPAS Sur-Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
- Doctoral Program in Aquatic Living Resources (MaReA), Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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6
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Shi Z, Yu H, Sun Y, Yang C, Lian H, Cai P. The Energy Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans under The Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8471. [PMID: 25683579 PMCID: PMC4329544 DOI: 10.1038/srep08471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A literal mountain of documentation generated in the past five decades showing unmistakable health hazards associated with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) exposure. However, the relation between energy mechanism and ELF-EMF exposure is poorly understood. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at intensities of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mT, respectively. Their metabolite variations were analyzed by GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics. Although minimal metabolic variations and no regular pattern were observed, the contents of energy metabolism-related metabolites such as pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, and L-malic acid were elevated in all the treatments. The expressions of nineteen related genes that encode glycolytic enzymes were analyzed by using quantitative real-time PCR. Only genes encoding GAPDH were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01), and this result was further confirmed by western blot analysis. The enzyme activity of GAPDH was increased (P < 0.01), whereas the total intracellular ATP level was decreased. While no significant difference in lifespan, hatching rate and reproduction, worms exposed to ELF-EMF exhibited less food consumption compared with that of the control (P < 0.01). In conclusion, C. elegans exposed to ELF-EMF have enhanced energy metabolism and restricted dietary, which might contribute to the resistance against exogenous ELF-EMF stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shi
- 1] Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yongyan Sun
- 1] Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China [2] University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanjun Yang
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Lian
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cai
- Physical Environment Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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7
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Seiliez I, Médale F, Aguirre P, Larquier M, Lanneretonne L, Alami-Durante H, Panserat S, Skiba-Cassy S. Postprandial regulation of growth- and metabolism-related factors in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2013; 10:237-48. [PMID: 23659367 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been proposed as a possible model organism for nutritional physiology. However, this potential has not yet been realized and studies on the field remain scarce. In this work, we investigated in this species the effect of a single meal as well as that of an increase in the ratio of dietary carbohydrates/proteins on the postprandial expression of several hepatic and muscle metabolism-related genes and proteins. Fish were fed once either a commercial diet (experiment 1) or one of two experimental diets (experiment 2) containing different protein and carbohydrate levels after 72 h of starvation. Refeeding induced the postprandial expression of genes of glycolysis (GK, HK1) and lipogenesis (FAS, G6PDH, ACCa) and inhibited those of gluconeogenesis (cPEPCK) and beta-oxidation (CPT1b) in the viscera. In the muscle, refeeding increased transcript levels of myogenesis (Myf5, Myogenin), inhibited those of Ub-proteasomal proteolytic system (Atrogin1, Murf1a, Murf1b), and induced the activation of key signaling factors of protein synthesis (Akt, 4EBP1, S6K1, S6). However, diet composition had a low impact on the studied factors. Together, these results highlight some specificity of the zebrafish metabolism and demonstrate the interest and the limits of this species as a model organism for nutritional physiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Seiliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , UR1067 Nutrition Métabolisme Aquaculture, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
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Desvignes T, Fostier A, Fauvel C, Bobe J. The Nme gene family in fish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:53-58. [PMID: 22484598 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Nme gene family, also known as Nm23 or NDPK, is a very ancient gene family that can be found in all kingdoms of life. In the late eighties, a gene of the Nme family, NME1, was identified as the first metastatic suppressor gene, resulting in a major interest for this family. Due to the complexity of the family, the need for a unified and evolutionary-supported gene nomenclature was recently stressed by the scientific community. Based on a complete evolutionary history study of the gene family in metazoans and vertebrates, a unified nomenclature was recently proposed and accepted by gene nomenclature consortia. In addition to its well-documented role in tumor metastasis, members of the Nme family are also involved in a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. Available data in non-mammalian species remain, however, scarce with the noticeable exception of Drosophila in which a major role in development was reported. In fish, very few studies have specifically investigated the role of nme genes. Several transcriptomic and proteomic studies have, however, revealed the expression of nme genes in various fish organs and tissues, in mature oocytes, and during embryonic development. Altogether, interest for the Nme gene family in fish is growing and new functions/roles in fish biology are expected to be discovered in the forthcoming years. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of the Nme family in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desvignes
- Fish Physiology and Genomics, INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
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9
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Weingarth M, Masuda Y, Takegoshi K, Bodenhausen G, Tekely P. Sensitive (13)C- (13)C correlation spectra of amyloid fibrils at very high spinning frequencies and magnetic fields. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2011; 50:129-136. [PMID: 21445678 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-011-9501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive 2D solid-state (13)C-(13)C correlation spectra of amyloid β fibrils have been recorded at very fast spinning frequencies and very high magnetic fields. It is demonstrated that PARIS-xy recoupling using moderate rf amplitudes can provide structural information by promoting efficient magnetization transfer even under such challenging experimental conditions. Furthermore, it has been shown both experimentally and by numerical simulations that the method is not very sensitive to dipolar truncation effects and can reveal direct transfer across distances of about 3.5-4 Å.
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10
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Seiliez I, Sabin N, Gabillard JC. FoxO1 is not a key transcription factor in the regulation of myostatin (mstn-1a and mstn-1b) gene expression in trout myotubes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R97-104. [PMID: 21490365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00828.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, much evidence has demonstrated the important role of myostatin (MSTN) in regulating muscle mass and identified the transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) 1 as a key regulator of its gene expression during atrophy. However, in trout, food deprivation leads to muscle atrophy without an increase of the expression of mstn genes in the muscle. We therefore studied the relationship between FoxO1 activity and the expression of both mstn genes (mstn1a and mstn1b) in primary culture of trout myotubes. To this aim, two complementary studies were undertaken. In the former, FoxO1 protein activity was modified with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) treatment, and the consequences on the expression of both mstn genes were monitored. In the second experiment, the expression of both studied genes was modified with growth hormone (GH) treatment, and the activation of FoxO1 protein was investigated. We found that IGF-I induced the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and FoxO4. Moreover, under IGF-I stimulation, FoxO1 was no longer localized in the nucleus, indicating that this growth factor inhibited FoxO1 activity. However, IGF-I treatment had no effect on mstn1a and mstn1b expression, suggesting that FoxO1 would not regulate the expression of mstn genes in trout myotubes. Furthermore, the treatment of myotubes with GH decreased the expression of both mstn genes but has no effect on the phosphorylation of FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 nor on the nuclear translocation of FoxO1. Altogether, our results showed that mstn1a and mstn1b expressions were not associated with FoxO activity, indicating that FoxO1 is likely not a key regulator of mstn genes in trout myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Seiliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1067 Nutrition Aquaculture et Génomique, Pôle d’hydrobiologie, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Gómez-Requeni P, de Vareilles M, Kousoulaki K, Jordal AEO, Conceição LEC, Rønnestad I. Whole body proteome response to a dietary lysine imbalance in zebrafish Danio rerio. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2011; 6:178-86. [PMID: 21440519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) is an indispensable amino acid (AA) and is generally the first limiting AA in most vegetable proteins used in fish feeds. Lys availability may thus limit protein synthesis and accretion, and growth of fish. Metabolic effects of dietary Lys imbalance were examined by 2D-proteomics using zebrafish as model. The Control diet (Lys: 2.47 g kg(-1)) was based on zebrafish carcass AA profiles previously obtained. Two other experimental diets were deficient in Lys [Lys(-); 1.34 g kg(-1)] and Lys added in excess [Lys(+); 4.63 g kg(-1)]. Fish growth was monitored from 33 to 49 days post-fertilization and the whole body proteome screened by means of two-dimension gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Growth rate was negatively affected in group Lys(-). Comparative proteomic analysis showed 45 spots differentially expressed among groups. Twenty-nine of these proteins were identified revealing proteins involved in muscle growth, energy and lipid metabolism, eye lens differentiation, chaperone activity and apoptosis. Lys deficiency is accompanied by a down-regulation of muscle proteins and up-regulation of proteins affected by fasting, energy deficit, growth arrest and apoptosis. Excess Lys was accompanied by an up-regulation of proteins related to glycolysis, steroidogenesis and sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gómez-Requeni
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, High Technology Center, Norway.
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Xu Y, Ding Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Wang S, Gorge J. Different ratios of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids do not alter growth, nucleic acid and fatty acids of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Lipids 2009; 44:1091-104. [PMID: 19760445 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was performed to study the effect of different ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the growth, nucleic acid and fatty acids of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) juveniles. The juveniles were fed for 8 weeks using seven treatment diets (D-1-D-7) with the same amount of DHA and EPA (1.50 +/- 0.1% of dried diet), but varying ratios of DHA to EPA (0.90, 1.10, 1.30, 1.50, 1.70, 1.90, 2.10, respectively) and a control diet (D-0, DHA + EPA = 0.8% of dried diet, DHA/EPA = 1.30). At the end of the experiment, the mean body weight (BW) of juveniles fed D-0-D-7 increased significantly (from 6.86 +/- 1.64 in the week 0 to 58.52 +/- 16.45 g at the end of week 8, P < 0.05). The mean RNA amount and RNA/DNA ratio in the muscle (from 39.62 +/- 1.30 microg mg(-1) and 2.29 +/- 0.11 in the week 0 to 272.55 +/- 10.70 microg mg(-1) and 14.54 +/- 1.75 at the end of week 8, respectively) and the mean weight in the liver (from 117.70 +/- 11.15 microg mg(-1) and 3.14 +/- 0.25 in the week 0 to 793.07 +/- 13.38 microg mg(-1) and 13.16 +/- 0.76 at the end of week 8, respectively) of cobia juveniles fed D-0-D-7 were significantly higher at the end of 8-week experiment than initially (P < 0.05). The RNA/DNA ratio in the muscle and liver of cobia juveniles increased with their growth and appeared an obvious positive relationship, especially in the muscle, based on regression analysis. The mean lipid content increased significantly in the liver (from 29.82 +/- 0.99 to 37.47 +/- 3.25% totally) and muscle (from 6.74 +/- 0.25 to 10.63 +/- 0.23% totally) of cobia juveniles (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found on the lipid contents of juveniles fed different diets for 8 weeks (P > 0.05). In the muscle and liver of juveniles, EPA decreased with its reduction in the diet; DHA, DHA/EPA ratio and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generally increased with their increment in the diet. The conclusion was drawn that the growth, nucleic acid and fatty acids of cobia juveniles were not significantly affected by different DHA/EPA ratios in our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Xu
- Institute for Fisheries Sciences, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
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