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Hamed OA, Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed N, Mahmoud WR, F Elmasry G. Molecular docking approach for the design and synthesis of new pyrazolopyrimidine analogs of roscovitine as potential CDK2 inhibitors endowed with pronounced anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107413. [PMID: 38696844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a vital protein for controlling cell cycle progression that is critically associated with various malignancies and its inhibition could offer a convenient therapeutic approach in designing anticancer remedies. Consequently, this study aimed to design and synthesize new CDK2 inhibitors featuring roscovitine as a template model. The purine ring of roscovitine was bioisosterically replaced with the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold, in addition to some modifications in the side chains. A preliminary molecular docking study for the target chemotypes in the CDK2 binding domain revealed their ability to accomplish similar binding patterns and interactions to that of the lead compound roscovitine. Afterwards, synthesis of the new derivatives was accomplished. Then, the initial anticancer screening at a single dose by the NCI revealed that compounds 7a, 9c, 11c, 17a and 17b achieved the highest GI% values reaching up to 150 % indicating their remarkable activity. These derivatives were subsequently selected to undertake five-dose testing, where compounds 7a, 9c, 11c and 17a unveiled the most pronounced activity against almost the full panel with GI50 ranges; 1.41-28.2, 0.116-2.39, 0.578-60.6 and 1.75-42.4 µM, respectively and full panel GI50 (MG-MID); 8.24, 0.6, 2.46 and 6.84 µM, respectively. CDK2 inhibition assay presented compounds 7a and 9c as the most potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.262 and 0.281 µM, respectively which are nearly 2.4 folds higher than the reference ligand roscovitine (IC50 = 0.641 µM). Besides, flow cytometric analysis on the most susceptible and safe cell lines depicted that 7a caused cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase in renal cancer cell line (RXF393) while 9c led to cell growth arrest at S phase in breast cancer cell line (T-47D) along with pronounced apoptotic induction in the mentioned cell lines. These findings afforded new anticancer pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, roscovitine analogs, acting via CDK2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Alaa Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehad Abou-Elmagd El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Zhu Y, Li Q. Mitf involved in shell pigmentation by activating tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Gene 2024; 897:148086. [PMID: 38104952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pigmentation is frequently observed in the molluscan shells, whereas the molecular regulation about these shell pigments formation is not clear. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) is an important transactivator in melanin synthesis in vertebrates. Here, the Mitf containing a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helixleucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) domain was identified in an economically important marine bivalve Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The Mitf was found to widespread tissue distribution and the expression was higher in the marginal mantle than in the central mantle. Particularly, the expression level of Mitf was high in black shell color oysters compared with white shell oysters. After injecting siRNA, the expression of Mitf decreased significantly, and the efficiency of RNA interference reached 53%. Besides, knockdown Mitf obviously decreased expression of tyrosinase family genes and tyrosinase activity of mantles, indicating a potential regulatory relationship between Mitf and Tyr or Typs. Simultaneously, there was a sharply reduce in the number of the melanosomes in the outer fold of mantle by silencing of Mitf. Luciferase assays in cell culture further verified that Mitf was involved in transcriptional regulation of Typ-2 and Typ-3 genes through binding to their specific promoter regions. These data argue that Mitf is involved in shell pigmentation through activating tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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3
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Binet R, Lambert JP, Tomkova M, Tischfield S, Baggiolini A, Picaud S, Sarkar S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Dias D, Carreira S, Humphrey TC, Fillipakopoulos P, White R, Goding CR. DNA damage remodels the MITF interactome to increase melanoma genomic instability. Genes Dev 2024; 38:70-94. [PMID: 38316520 PMCID: PMC10903946 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350740.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Since genome instability can drive cancer initiation and progression, cells have evolved highly effective and ubiquitous DNA damage response (DDR) programs. However, some cells (for example, in skin) are normally exposed to high levels of DNA-damaging agents. Whether such high-risk cells possess lineage-specific mechanisms that tailor DNA repair to the tissue remains largely unknown. Using melanoma as a model, we show here that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, a lineage addition oncogene that coordinates many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology, plays a nontranscriptional role in shaping the DDR. On exposure to DNA-damaging agents, MITF is phosphorylated at S325, and its interactome is dramatically remodeled; most transcription cofactors dissociate, and instead MITF interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. Consequently, cells with high MITF levels accumulate stalled replication forks and display defects in homologous recombination-mediated repair associated with impaired MRN recruitment to DNA damage. In agreement with this, high MITF levels are associated with increased single-nucleotide and copy number variant burdens in melanoma. Significantly, the SUMOylation-defective MITF-E318K melanoma predisposition mutation recapitulates the effects of DNA-PKcs-phosphorylated MITF. Our data suggest that a nontranscriptional function of a lineage-restricted transcription factor contributes to a tissue-specialized modulation of the DDR that can impact cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Binet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Endocrinology-Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marketa Tomkova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Samuel Tischfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Dias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C Humphrey
- Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Fillipakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom;
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Wang H, Lian X, Wang K, Wang S. WWP2 binds to NKRF, enhances the NF-κB signaling, and promotes malignant phenotypes of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:85-95. [PMID: 37921219 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the hematological malignancies with a high recurrence rate. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (WWP2) is identified as a pivotal regulator of tumor progression. This study aimed to assess the possible role of WWP2 in AML. Analysis of the GEPIA database indicated an elevated WWP2 expression in AML. We established stable WWP2-overexpressed or WWP2-silenced cells using lentivirus loaded with cDNA encoding WWP2 mRNA or shRNA targeting WWP2. Notably, WWP2 overexpression facilitated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, which was manifested as the increase of colony formation number, S-phase percentage and cell cycle related protein levels. As observed, WWP2 knockdown presented opposite effects, leading to inhibition of tumorigenicity. Strikingly, WWP2 knockdown induced apoptosis, accompanied by upregulation of pro-apoptosis proteins cleaved caspase-9, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. Functionally, we further confirmed that WWP2 overexpression enhanced the NF-κB signaling and upregulated the levels of downstream genes, which may contribute to aggravating the development of AML. More importantly, by co-immunoprecipitation assay, we verified that WWP2 bound to NF-κB-repressing factor (NKRF) and promoted NKRF ubiquitylation. Dramatically, NKRF overexpression abolished the role of WWP2 in facilitating the process of AML. Overall, our observations confirm that WWP2 exerts a critical role in the tumorigenicity of AML, and NKRF is regarded as an essential factor in the WWP2-mediated AML progression. WWP2 may be proposed as a promising target of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuye Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Liu J, Nie H, Huo Z, Yan X. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of MITF Genes in Ruditapes philippinarum and Their Involvement in the Immune Response to Vibrio anguillarum Infection. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2514-2530. [PMID: 37119506 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the shellfish have innate immune system, which is a very important immune form of shellfish, and they rely on the innate immune system to resist diseases. As a transcription factor, Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a regulatory role in immune response and the shell color is also an important index for the breeding of excellent varieties of R. philippinarum. The research on immune response mechanism of RPMITFs can provide important reference data for the breeding of excellent clam varieties. In the genome of R. philippinarum, the RPMITF genes family of shell color-related gene family was selected as the target gene of this experiment. There are 12 RpMITF genes named RpMITF1, RpMITF2, RpMITF3, RpMITF4, RpMITF5, RpMITF6, RpMITF7, RpMITF8, RpMITF9, RpMITF10, RpMITF11, and RpMITF12. The open reading frame length is 639, 1233, 996, 1239, 675, 624, 816, 1365, 612, 1614, 1122, and 486 bp, encoding 212, 410, 331, 412, 224, 207, 271, 454, 203, 537, 373, and 161 aa, respectively. The predicted molecular weight range of amino acids is 18.85-62.61 kda, and the isoelectric point range is 5.26-9.44. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the gene expression of RpMITF gene family in hepatopancreas tissues of two populations of Manila clam at 6 time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) after Vibrio anguillarum stress. The results show that RpMITF gene family was significantly expressed in hepatopancreas of two clam populations after V. anguillarum stress (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongtao Nie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Zhongming Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xiwu Yan
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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6
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Roider E, Lakatos AIT, McConnell AM, Wang P, Mueller A, Kawakami A, Tsoi J, Szabolcs BL, Ascsillán AA, Suita Y, Igras V, Lo JA, Hsiao JJ, Lapides R, Pál DMP, Lengyel AS, Navarini A, Okazaki A, Iliopoulos O, Németh I, Graeber TG, Zon L, Giese RW, Kemeny LV, Fisher DE. MITF regulates IDH1 and NNT and drives a transcriptional program protecting cutaneous melanoma from reactive oxygen species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.564582. [PMID: 38014031 PMCID: PMC10680652 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.564582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays pivotal roles in melanocyte development, function, and melanoma pathogenesis. MITF amplification occurs in melanoma and has been associated with resistance to targeted therapies. Here, we show that MITF regulates a global antioxidant program that increases survival of melanoma cell lines by protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage. In addition, this redox program is correlated with MITF expression in human melanoma cell lines and patient-derived melanoma samples. Using a zebrafish melanoma model, we show that MITF decreases ROS-mediated DNA damage in vivo . Some of the MITF target genes involved, such as IDH1 and NNT , are regulated through direct MITF binding to canonical enhancer box (E-BOX) sequences proximal to their promoters. Utilizing functional experiments, we demonstrate the role of MITF and its target genes in reducing cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS. Collectively, our data identify MITF as a significant driver of the cellular antioxidant state. One Sentence Summary MITF promote melanoma survival via increasing ROS tolerance.
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Aebischer V, Abu-Ghazaleh A, Metzler G, Riedl L, Garbe C, Flatz L, Eigentler T, Forchhammer S. Histopathologic abundance of pigmentation correlates with disease-specific survival in malignant melanoma but is not independent of current AJCC pT stage. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:512-521. [PMID: 37469279 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of melanoma patients makes it necessary to develop best possible strategies for prognosis assessment in order to recommend appropriate therapy and follow-up. The prognostic significance of tumor cell pigmentation has not been fully elucidated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections of 775 melanomas diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 were independently assessed for melanin pigment abundance by two investigators, and the impact on melanoma-specific survival was calculated. Unpigmented melanomas (n = 99) had a melanoma-specific survival of 67.7%, melanomas with moderate pigmentation (n = 384) had a melanoma-specific survival of 85.9%, and strongly pigmented melanomas (n = 292) had a melanoma-specific survival of 91.4% (p < .001). In an analysis of melanoma-specific survival adjusted for pT stage and pigmentation, we found a nonsignificant impact of pigmentation abundance with a hazard ratio of 1.277 (p = .74). The study presented here provides evidence in a German cohort that patients with pigmented melanomas have a more favorable prognosis than those diagnosed with nonpigmented melanomas. Moreover, the abundance of pigmentation already seems to provide a first prognostic estimate. However, it does not appear to provide significant additional value for prognostic assessment according to the AJCC 2017 pT classification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Abu-Ghazaleh
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhardt Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela Metzler
- Zentrum für Dermatohistologie und Oralpathologie Tübingen/Würzburg, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Riedl
- Innere Medizin VI, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhardt Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhardt Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Hum-boldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
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Liang K, Wang Q, Qiu L, Gong X, Chen Z, Zhang H, Ding K, Liu Y, Wei J, Lin S, Fu S, Du H. Combined Inhibition of UBE2C and PLK1 Reduce Cell Proliferation and Arrest Cell Cycle by Affecting ACLY in Pan-Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15658. [PMID: 37958642 PMCID: PMC10650476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various studies have shown that the cell-cycle-related regulatory proteins UBE2C, PLK1, and BIRC5 promote cell proliferation and migration in different types of cancer. However, there is a lack of in-depth and systematic research on the mechanism of these three as therapeutic targets. In this study, we found a positive correlation between the expression of UBE2C and PLK1/BIRC5 in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, revealing a potential combination therapy candidate for pan-cancer. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), cell phenotype detection, and RNA-seq techniques were used to evidence the effectiveness of the combination candidate. We found that combined interference of UBE2C with PLK1 and UBE2C with BIRC5 affected metabolic pathways by significantly downregulating the mRNA expression of IDH1 and ACLY, which was related to the synthesis of acetyl-CoA. By combining the PLK1 inhibitor volasertib and the ACLY inhibitor bempedoic acid, it showed a higher synergistic inhibition of cell viability and higher synergy scores in seven cell lines, compared with those of other combination treatments. Our study reveals the potential mechanisms through which cell-cycle-related genes regulate metabolism and proposes a potential combined targeted therapy for patients with higher PLK1 and ACLY expression in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.L.); (Q.W.); (L.Q.); (X.G.); (Z.C.); (H.Z.); (K.D.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
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9
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Qian J, Liao J, Liu Z, Chi Y, Fang Y, Zheng Y, Shao X, Liu B, Cui Y, Guo W, Hu Y, Bao H, Yang P, Chen Q, Li M, Zhang B, Fan X. Reconstruction of the cell pseudo-space from single-cell RNA sequencing data with scSpace. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2484. [PMID: 37120608 PMCID: PMC10148590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues are highly complicated with spatial heterogeneity in gene expression. However, the cutting-edge single-cell RNA-seq technology eliminates the spatial information of individual cells, which contributes to the characterization of cell identities. Herein, we propose single-cell spatial position associated co-embeddings (scSpace), an integrative method to identify spatially variable cell subpopulations by reconstructing cells onto a pseudo-space with spatial transcriptome references (Visium, STARmap, Slide-seq, etc.). We benchmark scSpace with both simulated and biological datasets, and demonstrate that scSpace can accurately and robustly identify spatially variated cell subpopulations. When employed to reconstruct the spatial architectures of complex tissue such as the brain cortex, the small intestinal villus, the liver lobule, the kidney, the embryonic heart, and others, scSpace shows promising performance on revealing the pairwise cellular spatial association within single-cell data. The application of scSpace in melanoma and COVID-19 exhibits a broad prospect in the discovery of spatial therapeutic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ziqi Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chi
- DAMO Academy, Alibaba group, 310052, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Fang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 310013, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yining Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hudong Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- DAMO Academy, Alibaba group, 310052, Hangzhou, China.
- iMedicine Lab, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center for Future Digital Healthcare, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Alibaba Cloud, Alibaba Group, 310052, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, 314102, Jiaxing, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Innovation and Manufacturing, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- iMedicine Lab, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center for Future Digital Healthcare, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Binet R, Lambert JP, Tomkova M, Tischfield S, Baggiolini A, Picaud S, Sarkar S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Dias D, Carreira S, Humphrey T, Fillipakopoulos P, White R, Goding CR. DNA damage-induced interaction between a lineage addiction oncogenic transcription factor and the MRN complex shapes a tissue-specific DNA Damage Response and cancer predisposition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537819. [PMID: 37131595 PMCID: PMC10153263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since genome instability can drive cancer initiation and progression, cells have evolved highly effective and ubiquitous DNA Damage Response (DDR) programs. However, some cells, in skin for example, are normally exposed to high levels of DNA damaging agents. Whether such high-risk cells possess lineage-specific mechanisms that tailor DNA repair to the tissue remains largely unknown. Here we show, using melanoma as a model, that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, a lineage addition oncogene that coordinates many aspects of melanocyte and melanoma biology, plays a non-transcriptional role in shaping the DDR. On exposure to DNA damaging agents, MITF is phosphorylated by ATM/DNA-PKcs, and unexpectedly its interactome is dramatically remodelled; most transcription (co)factors dissociate, and instead MITF interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex. Consequently, cells with high MITF levels accumulate stalled replication forks, and display defects in homologous recombination-mediated repair associated with impaired MRN recruitment to DNA damage. In agreement, high MITF levels are associated with increased SNV burden in melanoma. Significantly, the SUMOylation-defective MITF-E318K melanoma predisposition mutation recapitulates the effects of ATM/DNA-PKcs-phosphorylated MITF. Our data suggest that a non-transcriptional function of a lineage-restricted transcription factor contributes to a tissue-specialised modulation of the DDR that can impact cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Binet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Center and Big Data Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; Endocrinology – Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec – Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Marketa Tomkova
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Samuel Tischfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Diogo Dias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothy Humphrey
- CRUK MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Fillipakopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard White
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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12
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Alotaibi G, Alharthi S, Basu B, Ash D, Dutta S, Singh S, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S, Chidrawar VR, Chitme H. Nano-Gels: Recent Advancement in Fabrication Methods for Mitigation of Skin Cancer. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040331. [PMID: 37102943 PMCID: PMC10137892 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers have become an epidemic outbreak worldwide. Therefore, the exploration of all potential preventative and therapeutic measures based on either physical or bio-chemical mechanisms is essential via understanding precise pathophysiological pathways (Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Pathway, and Notch signaling pathway) and other aspects of such skin malignancies. Nano-gel, a three-dimensional polymeric cross-linked porous hydrogel having a diameter of 20-200 nm, possesses dual properties of both hydrogel and nanoparticle. The capacity of high drug entrapment efficiency with greater thermodynamic stability, remarkable solubilization potential, and swelling behavior of nano-gel becomes a promising candidate as a targeted drug delivery system in the treatment of skin cancer. Nano-gel can be either synthetically or architectonically modified for responding to either internal or external stimuli, including radiation, ultrasound, enzyme, magnetic, pH, temperature, and oxidation-reduction to achieve controlled release of pharmaceuticals and several bio-active molecules such as proteins, peptides, genes via amplifying drug aggregation in the active targeted tissue and reducing adverse pharmacological effects. Several drugs, such as anti-neoplastic biomolecules having short biological half-lives and prompt enzyme degradability capacity, must be appropriate for administration employing either chemically bridged or physically constructed nano-gel frameworks. The comprehensive review summarizes the advancement in the preparation and characterization methods of targeted nano-gel with enhanced pharmacological potential and preserved intracellular safety limits for the mitigation of skin malignancies with a special emphasize on skin cancer inducing pathophysiological pathways and prospective research opportunities for skin malignancy targeted nano-gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sitah Alharthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Biswajit Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Global College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Krishnagar 741102, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjana Ash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, Kolkata 700127, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarnali Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, Gujarat, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed-to-Be University, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay R Chidrawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ananthapuramu 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Havagiray Chitme
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
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MITF Downregulation Induces Death in Human Mast Cell Leukemia Cells and Impairs IgE-Dependent Degranulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043515. [PMID: 36834926 PMCID: PMC9961600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in KIT (CD117) have been associated with several diseases, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors and mastocytosis. Rapidly progressing pathologies or drug resistance highlight the need for alternative treatment strategies. Previously, we reported that the adaptor molecule SH3 binding protein 2 (SH3BP2 or 3BP2) regulates KIT expression at the transcriptional level and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression at the post-transcriptional level in human mast cells and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cell lines. Lately, we have found that the SH3BP2 pathway regulates MITF through miR-1246 and miR-5100 in GIST. In this study, miR-1246 and miR-5100 were validated by qPCR in the SH3BP2-silenced human mast cell leukemia cell line (HMC-1). MiRNA overexpression reduces MITF and MITF-dependent target expression in HMC-1. The same pattern was observed after MITF silencing. In addition, MITF inhibitor ML329 treatment reduces MITF expression and affects the viability and cell cycle progression in HMC-1. We also examine whether MITF downregulation affected IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation. MiRNA overexpression, MITF silencing, and ML329 treatment reduced IgE-dependent degranulation in LAD2- and CD34+-derived mast cells. These findings suggest MITF may be a potential therapeutic target for allergic reactions and deregulated KIT mast-cell-mediated disorders.
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14
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The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor is involved in gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:245-255. [PMID: 36241703 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, and most of them emerge due to the oncogenic activation of KIT or PDGFRA receptors. Despite their relevance in GIST oncogenesis, critical intermediates mediating the KIT/PDGFRA transforming program remain mostly unknown. Previously, we found that the adaptor molecule SH3BP2 was involved in GIST cell survival, likely due to the co-regulation of the expression of KIT and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Remarkably, MITF reconstitution restored KIT expression levels in SH3BP2 silenced cells and restored cell viability. This study aimed to analyze MITF as a novel driver of KIT transforming program in GIST. Firstly, MITF isoforms were characterized in GIST cell lines and GIST patients' samples. MITF silencing decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis in GIST cell lines irrespective of the type of KIT primary or secondary mutation. Additionally, MITF silencing leads to cell cycle arrest and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, MITF silencing also affects ETV1 expression, a linage survival factor in GIST that promotes tumorigenesis and is directly regulated by KIT signaling. Altogether, these results point to MITF as a key target of KIT/PDGFRA oncogenic signaling for GIST survival and tumor growth.
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15
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Militaru IV, Rus AA, Munteanu CV, Manica G, Petrescu SM. New panel of biomarkers to discriminate between amelanotic and melanotic metastatic melanoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1061832. [PMID: 36776379 PMCID: PMC9909407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that can rapidly invade distant organs. A distinctive feature of melanomas is their pigmentation status, as melanin is present in most skin melanomas, whilst many metastatic tumors could become amelanotic. Besides the obvious malfunction of the key genes of the melanin pathway, the amelanotic tumors could bear a characteristic molecular signature accounting for their aggressivity. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics we report here a distinctive panel of biomarkers for amelanotic aggressive melanoma that differ from the less invasive pigmented cells. The developed method allows the label-free quantification of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. We found a set of proteins comprising AHNAK, MYOF, ANXA1, CAPN2, ASPH, EPHA2, THBS1, TGM2, ACTN4 along with proteins involved in cell adhesion/migration (integrins, PLEC, FSCN1, FN1) that are highly expressed in amelanotic melanoma. Accompanying the down regulation of pigmentation specific proteins such as tyrosinase and TYRP1, these biomarkers are highly specific for a type of highly invasive melanoma. Interestingly, the LC-MS/MS proteomics analysis in hypoxia revealed that the abundance of this specific set of proteins found in normoxia was rather unaltered in these conditions. These biomarkers could therefore predict a metastatic behaviour for the amelanotic cells in the early stages of the tumor development and thus serve in melanoma prognostic. Applying this algorithm to related databases including melanoma samples published by independent laboratories/public databases we confirm the specificity of the newly found signatures. Overall, we begin to unravel the molecular alterations in the amelanotic melanoma and how basic proteomics offers insights into how to assess the clinical, pathological and misdiagnosis differences between the main subtypes of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana V. Militaru
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Adriana Rus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian V.A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Manica
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefana M. Petrescu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania,*Correspondence: Stefana M. Petrescu,
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16
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Liu Z, Chen K, Dai J, Xu P, Sun W, Liu W, Zhao Z, Bennett SP, Li P, Ma T, Lin Y, Kawakami A, Yu J, Wang F, Wang C, Li M, Chase P, Hodder P, Spicer TP, Scampavia L, Cao C, Pan L, Dong J, Chen Y, Yu B, Guo M, Fang P, Fisher DE, Wang J. A unique hyperdynamic dimer interface permits small molecule perturbation of the melanoma oncoprotein MITF for melanoma therapy. Cell Res 2023; 33:55-70. [PMID: 36588115 PMCID: PMC9810709 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) regulates melanocyte development and is the "lineage-specific survival" oncogene of melanoma. MITF is essential for melanoma initiation, progression, and relapse and has been considered an important therapeutic target; however, direct inhibition of MITF through small molecules is considered impossible, due to the absence of a ligand-binding pocket for drug design. Here, our structural analyses show that the structure of MITF is hyperdynamic because of its out-of-register leucine zipper with a 3-residue insertion. The dynamic MITF is highly vulnerable to dimer-disrupting mutations, as we observed that MITF loss-of-function mutations in human Waardenburg syndrome type 2 A are frequently located on the dimer interface and disrupt the dimer forming ability accordingly. These observations suggest a unique opportunity to inhibit MITF with small molecules capable of disrupting the MITF dimer. From a high throughput screening against 654,650 compounds, we discovered compound TT-012, which specifically binds to dynamic MITF and destroys the latter's dimer formation and DNA-binding ability. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and RNA sequencing, we showed that TT-012 inhibits the transcriptional activity of MITF in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, TT-012 inhibits the growth of high-MITF melanoma cells, and inhibits the tumor growth and metastasis with tolerable toxicity to liver and immune cells in animal models. Together, this study demonstrates a unique hyperdynamic dimer interface in melanoma oncoprotein MITF, and reveals a novel approach to therapeutically suppress MITF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaizhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Chase
- Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
- BMS Inc., Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chunyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Kangma-Healthcode Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Mass. General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Proaño-Pérez E, Serrano-Candelas E, Mancia C, Navinés-Ferrer A, Guerrero M, Martin M. SH3BP2 Silencing Increases miRNAs Targeting ETV1 and Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor, Decreasing the Proliferation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246198. [PMID: 36551682 PMCID: PMC9777313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Gain of function in receptor tyrosine kinases type III, KIT, or PDGFRA drives the majority of GIST. Previously, our group reported that silencing of the adaptor molecule SH3 Binding Protein 2 (SH3BP2) downregulated KIT and PDGFRA and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) levels and reduced tumor growth. This study shows that SH3BP2 silencing also decreases levels of ETV1, a required factor for GIST growth. To dissect the SH3BP2 pathway in GIST cells, we performed a miRNA array in SH3BP2-silenced GIST cell lines. Among the most up-regulated miRNAs, we found miR-1246 and miR-5100 to be predicted to target MITF and ETV1. Overexpression of these miRNAs led to a decrease in MITF and ETV1 levels. In this context, cell viability and cell cycle progression were affected, and a reduction in BCL2 and CDK2 was observed. Interestingly, overexpression of MITF enhanced cell proliferation and significantly rescued the viability of miRNA-transduced cells. Altogether, the KIT-SH3BP2-MITF/ETV1 pathway deserves to be considered in GIST cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Proaño-Pérez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato 180105, Ecuador
| | - Eva Serrano-Candelas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cindy Mancia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Navinés-Ferrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Guerrero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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18
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Sun J, Wang X, Shen Q, Wang M, Chen S, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Li W, Yuan Y, Huang Z. DNASE1L3 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by delaying cell cycle progression through CDK2. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:1187-1202. [PMID: 36327092 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated cell cycle targeting is a well-established therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dissecting the underlying mechanism may improve the efficacy of HCC therapy. METHODS HCC data from TCGA and new clinical samples were used for DNASE1L3 expression analysis and for assessing its correlation with HCC development. The in vitro function of DNASE1L3 in HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion was assessed using RTCA, CCK-8 and transwell assays and the in vivo function in subcutaneous tumor formation in a xenograft nude mouse model. The role of DNASE1L3 in HCC tumorigenesis was further verified in AKT/NRASV12-induced and DEN/CCl4-induced primary liver cancers in wildtype and Dnase1l3-/- mice. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis followed by biochemical methods including cell cycle, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting assays were employed to reveal the underlying mechanism. RESULTS We found that DNASE1L3 was significantly downregulated and served as a favorable prognostic factor in HCC. DNASE1L3 dramatically attenuated HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro and reduced subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice in vivo. Furthermore, DNASE1L3 overexpression dampened AKT/NRASV12-induced mouse liver cancer in wildtype mice and DNASE1L3 deficiency worsened DEN/CCl4-induced liver cancer in Dnase1l3-/- mice. Systemic analysis revealed that DNASE1L3 impaired HCC cell cycle progression by interacting with CDK2 and inhibiting CDK2-stimulated E2F1 activity. C-terminal deletion (DNASE1L3ΔCT) diminished the interaction with CDK2 and abrogated the inhibitory function against HCC. CONCLUSION Our study unveils DNASE1L3 as a novel HCC cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor. DNASE1L3 impairs HCC tumorigenesis by delaying cell cycle progression possibly through disrupting the positive E2F1-CDK2 regulatory loop. DNASE1L3 may serve as a target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Han SY, Jang TW, Park HJ, Oh SS, Lee JB, Myoung SM, Park JH. Nypa fruticans Wurmb inhibits melanogenesis in isobutylmethylxanthine‑treated melanoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/CREB and MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:754. [PMID: 36545047 PMCID: PMC9751520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is responsible for 3.0 and 1.7% of cases of tumor incidence and tumor-associated mortality, respectively, in the Caucasian population. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs when melanocytes mutate and divide uncontrollably. Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NF) is abundant in phytochemicals (polyphenols and flavonoids) and is traditionally used to treat diseases of the respiratory tract. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of NF (ENF) on melanogenesis-related factors in isobutylmethylxanthine-treated B16F10 melanoma cells. Phenolics and flavonoids (caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and hirsutine) in ENF were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the main factors involved in melanogenesis were identified using immunoblotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. ENF significantly suppressed the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and TYR-related proteins 1 and 2 (TYRP-1/2), which are the main factors involved in melanogenesis. ENF also inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) by phosphorylating the related cell signaling proteins (protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein). Furthermore, ENF inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and thereby downregulated melanogenesis. In conclusion, ENF inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing MITF, which controls TYRP-1/2 and TYR. These results suggested that ENF may be a natural resource that can inhibit excessive melanin expression by regulating various melanogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Han
- Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Research Center, Kiposs Co., Ltd., Seoul 08584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Research and Innovation Center, Kyochon Food and Beverage Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi‑do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Myoung
- Department of Public Health Administration, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea,Correspondence to: Professor Jae-Ho Park, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28024, Republic of Korea
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20
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Beberok A, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Marciniec K, Boryczka S, Wrześniok D. Interaction between moxifloxacin and Mcl-1 and MITF proteins: the effect on growth inhibition and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1025-1040. [PMID: 36045272 PMCID: PMC9585003 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) activates the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, DNA replication, and repair, whereas Mcl-1 is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins that promotes cell survival by preventing apoptosis. The objective of the present study was to verify whether the interaction between moxifloxacin (MFLX), one of the fluoroquinolones, and MITF/Mcl-1 protein, could affect the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis in human breast cancer using both in silico and in vitro models. Methods Molecular docking analysis (in silico), fluorescence image cytometry, and Western blot (in vitro) techniques were applied to assess the contribution of MITF and Mcl-1 proteins in the MFLX-induced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Results We indicated the ability of MFLX to form complexes with MITF and Mcl-1 as well as the drug’s capacity to affect the expression of the tested proteins. We also showed that MFLX decreased the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced apoptosis via the intrinsic death pathway. Moreover, the analysis of the cell cycle progression revealed that MFLX caused a block in the S and G2/M phases. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time that the observed effects of MFLX on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (growth inhibition and apoptosis induction) could be related to the drug’s ability to interact with MITF and Mcl-1 proteins. Furthermore, the presented results suggest that MITF and Mcl-1 proteins could be considered as the target in the therapy of breast cancer. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-022-00407-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marciniec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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21
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Shabna A, Antony J, Vijayakurup V, Saikia M, Liju VB, Retnakumari AP, Amrutha NA, Alex VV, Swetha M, Aiswarya SU, Jannet S, Unni US, Sundaram S, Sherin DR, Anto NP, Bava SV, Chittalakkottu S, Ran S, Anto RJ. Pharmacological attenuation of melanoma by tryptanthrin pertains to the suppression of MITF-M through MEK/ERK signaling axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:478. [PMID: 35948813 PMCID: PMC11072980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive among all types of skin cancers. The current strategies against melanoma utilize BRAFV600E, as a focal point for targeted therapy. However, therapy resistance developed in melanoma patients against the conventional anti-melanoma drugs hinders the ultimate benefits of targeted therapies. A major mechanism by which melanoma cells attain therapy resistance is via the activation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M), the key transcription factor and oncogene aiding the survival of melanoma cells. We demonstrate that tryptanthrin (Tpn), an indole quinazoline alkaloid, which we isolated and characterized from Wrightia tinctoria, exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity towards human melanoma through the down-regulation of MITF-M. Microarray analysis of Tpn-treated melanoma cells followed by a STRING protein association network analysis revealed that differential expression of genes in melanoma converges at MITF-M. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted using melanoma cells with differential MITF-M expression status, endogenously or ectopically, demonstrated that the anti-melanoma activity of Tpn is decisively contingent on its efficacy in down-regulating MITF-M expression. Tpn potentiates the degradation of MITF-M via the modulation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MITF-M signaling cascades. Murine models demonstrate the efficacy of Tpn in attenuating the migration and metastasis of melanoma cells, while remaining pharmacologically safe. In addition, Tpn suppresses the expression of mutated BRAFV600E and inhibits Casein Kinase 2α, a pro-survival enzyme that regulates ERK1/2 homeostasis in many tumor types, including melanoma. Together, we point to a promising anti-melanoma drug in Tpn, by virtue of its attributes to impede melanoma invasion and metastasis by attenuating MITF-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Shabna
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jayesh Antony
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Minakshi Saikia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Vijayasteltar B Liju
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Archana P Retnakumari
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Nisthul A Amrutha
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Vijai V Alex
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreekumar U Aiswarya
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Somaraj Jannet
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Uma Subramanian Unni
- KRIBS-BioNest, Third Campus of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, 686008, India
| | - Daisy R Sherin
- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Karyavattom, Kazhakkoottam, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Smitha V Bava
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Sadasivan Chittalakkottu
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University-School of Medicine, PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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22
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Conway K, Tsai YS, Edmiston SN, Parker JS, Parrish EA, Hao H, Kuan PF, Scott GA, Frank JS, Googe P, Ollila DW, Thomas NE. Characterization of the CpG Island Hypermethylated Phenotype Subclass in Primary Melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1869-1881.e10. [PMID: 34843679 PMCID: PMC9135958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma can be lethal even if detected at an early stage. Epigenetic profiling may facilitate the identification of aggressive primary melanomas with unfavorable outcomes. We performed clustering of whole-genome methylation data to identify subclasses that were then assessed for survival, clinical features, methylation patterns, and biological pathways. Among 89 cutaneous primary invasive melanomas, we identified three methylation subclasses exhibiting low methylation, intermediate methylation, or hypermethylation of CpG islands, known as the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). CIMP melanomas occurred as early as tumor stage 1b and, compared with low-methylation melanomas, were associated with age at diagnosis ≥65 years, lentigo maligna melanoma histologic subtype, presence of ulceration, higher American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and tumor stage, and lower tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade (all P < 0.05). Patients with CIMP melanomas had worse melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio = 11.84; confidence interval = 4.65‒30.20) than those with low-methylation melanomas, adjusted for age, sex, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade. Genes hypermethylated in CIMP compared with those in low-methylation melanomas included PTEN, VDR, PD-L1, TET2, and gene sets related to development/differentiation, the extracellular matrix, and immunity. CIMP melanomas exhibited hypermethylation of genes important in melanoma progression and tumor immunity, and although present in some early melanomas, CIMP was associated with worse survival independent of known prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Yihsuan S Tsai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon N Edmiston
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eloise A Parrish
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pei Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Glynis A Scott
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jill S Frank
- Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Googe
- Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David W Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Chauhan JS, Hölzel M, Lambert JP, Buffa FM, Goding CR. The MITF regulatory network in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:517-533. [PMID: 35771179 PMCID: PMC9545041 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between plastic tumor cells and the microenvironment critically impact tumor evolution and metastatic dissemination by enabling cancer cells to adapt to microenvironmental stresses by switching phenotype. In melanoma, a key determinant of phenotypic identity is the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor MITF that promotes proliferation, suppresses senescence, and anticorrelates with immune infiltration and therapy resistance. What determines whether MITF can activate or repress genes associated with specific phenotypes, or how signaling regulating MITF might impact immune infiltration is poorly understood. Here, we find that MITF binding to genes associated with high MITF is via classical E/M‐box motifs, but genes downregulated when MITF is high contain FOS/JUN/AP1/ATF3 sites. Significantly, the repertoire of MITF‐interacting factors identified here includes JUN and ATF3 as well as many previously unidentified interactors. As high AP1 activity is a hallmark of MITFLow, invasive, slow‐cycling, therapy resistant cells, the ability of MITF to repress AP1‐regulated genes provides an insight into how MITF establishes and maintains a pro‐proliferative phenotype. Moreover, although β‐catenin has been linked to immune exclusion, many Hallmark β‐catenin signaling genes are associated with immune infiltration. Instead, low MITF together with Notch signaling is linked to immune infiltration in both mouse and human melanoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat S Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Endocrinology - Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, QC, Canada.,CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Coutinho TE, Souto EB, Silva AM. Selected Flavonoids to Target Melanoma: A Perspective in Nanoengineering Delivery Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070290. [PMID: 35877341 PMCID: PMC9311564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex type of cancer that depends on several metabolic factors, while the currently used therapies are not always effective and have unwanted side effects. In this review, the main factors involved in the etiology of cutaneous carcinoma are highlighted, together with the main genes and proteins that regulate cancer invasion and metastization. The role of five selected flavonoids, namely, apigenin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol, naringenin, and silybin, in the modulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and Wnt pathways is reported with their relevance in the future design of drugs to mitigate and/or treat melanoma. However, as phenolic compounds have some difficulties in reaching the target site, the encapsulation of these compounds in nanoparticles is a promising strategy to promote improved physicochemical stabilization of the bioactives and achieve greater bioavailability. Scientific evidence is given about the beneficial effects of loading these flavonoids into selected nanoparticles for further exploitation in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago E. Coutinho
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
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25
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Nirmal AJ, Maliga Z, Vallius T, Quattrochi B, Chen AA, Jacobson CA, Pelletier RJ, Yapp C, Arias-Camison R, Chen YA, Lian CG, Murphy GF, Santagata S, Sorger PK. The Spatial Landscape of Progression and Immunoediting in Primary Melanoma at Single-Cell Resolution. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1518-1541. [PMID: 35404441 PMCID: PMC9167783 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly immunogenic malignancy that is surgically curable at early stages but life-threatening when metastatic. Here we integrate high-plex imaging, 3D high-resolution microscopy, and spatially resolved microregion transcriptomics to study immune evasion and immunoediting in primary melanoma. We find that recurrent cellular neighborhoods involving tumor, immune, and stromal cells change significantly along a progression axis involving precursor states, melanoma in situ, and invasive tumor. Hallmarks of immunosuppression are already detectable in precursor regions. When tumors become locally invasive, a consolidated and spatially restricted suppressive environment forms along the tumor-stromal boundary. This environment is established by cytokine gradients that promote expression of MHC-II and IDO1, and by PD1-PDL1-mediated cell contacts involving macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. A few millimeters away, cytotoxic T cells synapse with melanoma cells in fields of tumor regression. Thus, invasion and immunoediting can coexist within a few millimeters of each other in a single specimen. SIGNIFICANCE The reorganization of the tumor ecosystem in primary melanoma is an excellent setting in which to study immunoediting and immune evasion. Guided by classic histopathology, spatial profiling of proteins and mRNA reveals recurrent morphologic and molecular features of tumor evolution that involve localized paracrine cytokine signaling and direct cell-cell contact. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit J. Nirmal
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tuulia Vallius
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Quattrochi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyce A. Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Connor A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roxanne J. Pelletier
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raquel Arias-Camison
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine G. Lian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George F. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter K. Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gelmi MC, Houtzagers LE, Strub T, Krossa I, Jager MJ. MITF in Normal Melanocytes, Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma: A Delicate Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6001. [PMID: 35682684 PMCID: PMC9181002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important regulator of melanogenesis and melanocyte development. Although it has been studied extensively in cutaneous melanoma, the role of MITF in uveal melanoma (UM) has not been explored in much detail. We review the literature about the role of MITF in normal melanocytes, in cutaneous melanoma, and in UM. In normal melanocytes, MITF regulates melanocyte development, melanin synthesis, and melanocyte survival. The expression profile and the behaviour of MITF-expressing cells suggest that MITF promotes local proliferation and inhibits invasion, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition. Loss of MITF expression leads to increased invasion and inflammation and is more prevalent in malignant cells. Cutaneous melanoma cells switch between MITF-high and MITF-low states in different phases of tumour development. In UM, MITF loss is associated with loss of BAP1 protein expression, which is a marker of poor prognosis. These data indicate a dual role for MITF in benign and malignant melanocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gelmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Laurien E. Houtzagers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Thomas Strub
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France; (T.S.); (I.K.)
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Imène Krossa
- Université Côte d’Azur, 06103 Nice, France; (T.S.); (I.K.)
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.); (L.E.H.)
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27
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Zheng L, Yang Y, Bao J, He L, Qi Y, Zhang JZH. Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of CDK2 Using Docking and Physics-based Binding Free Energy Calculation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:662-673. [PMID: 35148460 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase family that cooperates with cyclin and plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is an important member of the CDK family and holds great promise as an anti-cancer drug target. In this study, we used molecular docking and physics-based binding free energy calculation method AS-IE that explicitly calculated protein-ligand binding entropy to discover novel inhibitors of CDK2. A total of 17 inhibitors were discovered with the best IC50 reaching ~2 μM. Decomposition of the binding free energy using AS-IE reveals key protein-ligand interactions that determines the activity. These results provided a good example of drug design using physics-based free energy calculation method such as AS-IE and the novel compounds offered a good start point for further development of CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingxiao Bao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Liping He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, 10003, United States.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
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28
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Mohammed ER, Elmasry GF. Development of newly synthesised quinazolinone-based CDK2 inhibitors with potent efficacy against melanoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:686-700. [PMID: 35139719 PMCID: PMC8843100 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2036985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been established as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many cancers. Accordingly, this study aimed at developing a new set of quinazolinone-based derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. The new compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against sixty tumour cell lines. Compounds 5c and 8a showed excellent growth inhibition against the melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435 with GI% of 94.53 and 94.15, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that compound 5c led to cell cycle cessation at S phase and G2/M phase revealing that CDK2 could be the plausible biological target. Thus, the most cytotoxic candidates 5c and 8a were evaluated in vitro for their CDK2 inhibitory activity and were able to display significant inhibitory action. The molecular docking study confirmed the obtained results. ADME study predicted that 5c had appropriate drug-likeness properties. These findings highlight a rationale for further development and optimisation of novel CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Takabe P, Siiskonen H, Rönkä A, Kainulainen K, Pasonen-Seppänen S. The Impact of Hyaluronan on Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811434. [PMID: 35127523 PMCID: PMC8813769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which originates from malignant transformation of pigment producing melanocytes. The main risk factor for melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus it often arises from highly sun-exposed skin areas and is characterized by a high mutational burden. In addition to melanoma-associated mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, PTEN and cell cycle regulators, the expansion of melanoma is affected by the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor together with immune cells. In the early phases of the disease, hyaluronan is the major matrix component in cutaneous melanoma microenvironment. It is a high-molecular weight polysaccharide involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Hyaluronan is involved in the inflammatory reactions associated with UV radiation but its role in melanomagenesis is still unclear. Although abundant hyaluronan surrounds epidermal and dermal cells in normal skin and benign nevi, its content is further elevated in dysplastic lesions and local tumors. At this stage hyaluronan matrix may act as a protective barrier against melanoma progression, or alternatively against immune cell attack. While in advanced melanoma, the content of hyaluronan decreases due to altered synthesis and degradation, and this correlates with poor prognosis. This review focuses on hyaluronan matrix in cutaneous melanoma and how the changes in hyaluronan metabolism affect the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Rönkä
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kainulainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen,
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Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Promising Tool in the Fight against Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030502. [PMID: 35158770 PMCID: PMC8833325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the numerous therapies, melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers; however, plant-derived terpenoids are defense molecules that have proven anti-cancer properties. In this review, we present the results of the search for anti-melanoma plant terpenoids. Additionally, we show the effects of combining terpenoids with standard drugs, radiation therapy, or other plant substances on melanoma cell lines and animal models. Finally, we present some examples of drug delivery systems that increase the uptake of terpenoids by melanoma tissue. Abstract Melanoma is responsible for the highest number of skin cancer-caused deaths worldwide. Despite the numerous melanoma-treating options, the fight against it remains challenging, mainly due to its great heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the high toxicity of standard drugs. Plant-derived terpenoids are a group of plant defense molecules that have been proven effective in killing many different types of cancer cells, both in in vitro experiments and in vivo models. In this review, we focus on recent results in the search for plant terpenoids with anti-melanoma activity. We also report on the synergistic action of combining terpenoids with other plant-derived substances, MAP kinase inhibitors, or radiation. Additionally, we present examples of terpenoid-loaded nanoparticle carriers as anti-melanoma agents that have increased permeation through the cancer tissue.
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Szadai L, Velasquez E, Szeitz B, de Almeida NP, Domont G, Betancourt LH, Gil J, Marko-Varga M, Oskolas H, Jánosi ÁJ, Boyano-Adánez MDC, Kemény L, Baldetorp B, Malm J, Horvatovich P, Szász AM, Németh IB, Marko-Varga G. Deep Proteomic Analysis on Biobanked Paraffine-Archived Melanoma with Prognostic/Predictive Biomarker Read-Out. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6105. [PMID: 34885218 PMCID: PMC8657028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel protein biomarkers in melanoma is crucial. Our introduction of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor protocol provides new opportunities to understand the progression of melanoma and open the possibility to screen thousands of FFPE samples deposited in tumor biobanks and available at hospital pathology departments. In our retrospective biobank pilot study, 90 FFPE samples from 77 patients were processed. Protein quantitation was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and validated by histopathologic analysis. The global protein expression formed six sample clusters. Proteins such as TRAF6 and ARMC10 were upregulated in clusters with enrichment for shorter survival, and proteins such as AIFI1 were upregulated in clusters with enrichment for longer survival. The cohort's heterogeneity was addressed by comparing primary and metastasis samples, as well comparing clinical stages. Within immunotherapy and targeted therapy subgroups, the upregulation of the VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway, RNA splicing, increased activity of immune cells, extracellular matrix, and metabolic pathways were positively associated with patient outcome. To summarize, we were able to (i) link global protein expression profiles to survival, and they proved to be an independent prognostic indicator, as well as (ii) identify proteins that are potential predictors of a patient's response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy, suggesting new opportunities for precision medicine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Szadai
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.J.J.); (L.K.); (I.B.N.)
| | - Erika Velasquez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (E.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Beáta Szeitz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Natália Pinto de Almeida
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (N.P.d.A.); (M.M.-V.); (G.M.-V.)
- Chemistry Institute Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janiero 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Gilberto Domont
- Chemistry Institute Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janiero 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Lazaro Hiram Betancourt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.H.B.); (J.G.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.H.B.); (J.G.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Matilda Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (N.P.d.A.); (M.M.-V.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Henriett Oskolas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.H.B.); (J.G.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Ágnes Judit Jánosi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.J.J.); (L.K.); (I.B.N.)
| | - Maria del Carmen Boyano-Adánez
- Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala de Henares, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.J.J.); (L.K.); (I.B.N.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.H.B.); (J.G.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Johan Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; (E.V.); (J.M.)
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - A. Marcell Szász
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Balázs Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.J.J.); (L.K.); (I.B.N.)
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (N.P.d.A.); (M.M.-V.); (G.M.-V.)
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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32
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Wang Y, Duan T, Hong M, Zhou Y, Huang H, Xiao X, Zheng J, Zhou H, Lu Z. Quantitative proteomic analysis uncovers inhibition of melanin synthesis by silk fibroin via MITF/tyrosinase axis in B16 melanoma cells. Life Sci 2021; 284:119930. [PMID: 34480938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Silk fibroin (SF), a natural product from silkworms, has been used to promote anti-inflammation, induce wound healing, and reduce melanin production. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of SF on melanin production remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the distinct regulatory mechanism of SF in B16 melanoma cells by applying quantitative proteomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS B16 melanoma cells were treated with PBS, KA or SF for 48 h, respectively. Cell viability, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity were examined. A label-free quantitative proteomic approach was utilized to investigate the regulatory mechanism of SF. The differentially expressed proteins and their related biological processes were subsequently identified by bioinformatics methods. Furthermore, the identified differentially expressed proteins were validated by western blot. KEY FINDINGS Both SF and KA were able to suppress the melanin synthesis of B16 melanoma cells without appreciable toxicity; yet, SF had a distinct effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. Moreover, quantitative proteomic approach identified 141 proteins differentially expressed only in SF/Con group. Bioinformatic analysis of these proteins revealed that oxidation-reduction process, RNA processing, fatty acid degradation, as well as melanin biosynthetic process were enriched with SF treatment. The proteins associated with melanin biosynthetic process, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, were down-regulated in SF group, which was confirmed by western blot. SIGNIFICANCE SF inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells via down-regulation of MITF and tyrosinase expression, which provides a rationale for future utilization of SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianbi Duan
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Minhua Hong
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhi Lu
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Mendes D, Silva MM, Menck CFM, Castrucci AMDL. Loss of Melanopsin (OPN4) Leads to a Faster Cell Cycle Progression and Growth in Murine Melanocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1436-1450. [PMID: 34698095 PMCID: PMC8929055 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin melanocytes harbor a complex photosensitive system comprised of opsins, which were shown, in recent years, to display light- and thermo-independent functions. Based on this premise, we investigated whether melanopsin, OPN4, displays such a role in normal melanocytes. In this study, we found that murine Opn4KO melanocytes displayed a faster proliferation rate compared to Opn4WT melanocytes. Cell cycle population analysis demonstrated that OPN4KO melanocytes exhibited a faster cell cycle progression with reduced G0–G1, and highly increased S and slightly increased G2/M cell populations compared to the Opn4WT counterparts. Expression of specific cell cycle-related genes in Opn4KO melanocytes exhibited alterations that corroborate a faster cell cycle progression. We also found significant modification in gene and protein expression levels of important regulators of melanocyte physiology. PER1 protein level was higher while BMAL1 and REV-ERBα decreased in Opn4KO melanocytes compared to Opn4WT cells. Interestingly, the gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was upregulated in Opn4KO melanocytes, which is in line with a higher proliferative capability. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that OPN4 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and affects the expression of several important factors of the melanocyte physiology; thus, arguing for a putative tumor suppression role in melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Nathália Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
| | - Davi Mendes
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- DNA Repair Lab, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.M.); (M.M.S.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (M.N.M.); (A.M.d.L.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Strashilov S, Yordanov A. Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Concepts and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6395. [PMID: 34203771 PMCID: PMC8232613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma develops from malignant transformations of the pigment-producing melanocytes. If located in the basal layer of the skin epidermis, melanoma is referred to as cutaneous, which is more frequent. However, as melanocytes are be found in the eyes, ears, gastrointestinal tract, genitalia, urinary system, and meninges, cases of mucosal melanoma or other types (e.g., ocular) may occur. The incidence and morbidity of cutaneous melanoma (cM) are constantly increasing worldwide. Australia and New Zealand are world leaders in this regard with a morbidity rate of 54/100,000 and a mortality rate of 5.6/100,000 for 2015. The aim of this review is to consolidate and present the data related to the aetiology and pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma, thus rendering them easier to understand. In this article we will discuss these problems and the possible impacts on treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strahil Strashilov
- Department of Plastic Restorative, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital “Dr. Georgi Stranski”, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Clinic of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital “Dr. Georgi Stranski”, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
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35
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MITF Promotes Cell Growth, Migration and Invasion in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Activating the RhoA/YAP Signal Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122920. [PMID: 34208068 PMCID: PMC8230652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) has been reported to play a role in the progression of melanoma and other cancer types. However, the biological role of MITF in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is largely unknown. In this study, we elucidate the role of MITF in the progression of ccRCC. MITF- and MITF-mediated signaling pathways were investigated in ccRCC cell through MITF knockdown as well as overexpression of MITF in vitro and in vivo. MITF contributed to cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth in ccRCC through activation of the RhoA/YAP signaling pathways. This study suggests that MITF has potential as a therapeutic target in ccRCC. Abstract Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor involved in the lineage-specific regulation of melanocytes, osteoclasts and mast cells. MITF is also involved in the progression of melanomas and other carcinomas, including the liver, pancreas and lung. However, the role of MITF in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is largely unknown. This study investigates the functional role of MITF in cancer and the molecular mechanism underlying disease progression in ccRCC. MITF knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and shifted the cell cycle in ccRCC cells. In addition, MITF knockdown reduced wound healing, cell migration and invasion compared with the controls. Conversely, MITF overexpression in SN12C and SNU482 cells increased cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of MITF activated the RhoA/YAP signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and invasion, and increased YAP signaling promoted cell cycle-related protein expression. Additionally, tumor formation was impaired by MITF knockdown and enhanced by MITF overexpression in vivo. In summary, MITF expression was associated with aggressive tumor behavior, and increased the migratory and invasive capabilities of ccRCC cells. These effects were reversed by MITF suppression. These results suggest that MITF is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Freeman-Cook KD, Hoffman RL, Behenna DC, Boras B, Carelli J, Diehl W, Ferre RA, He YA, Hui A, Huang B, Huser N, Jones R, Kephart SE, Lapek J, McTigue M, Miller N, Murray BW, Nagata A, Nguyen L, Niessen S, Ninkovic S, O'Doherty I, Ornelas MA, Solowiej J, Sutton SC, Tran K, Tseng E, Visswanathan R, Xu M, Zehnder L, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Dann S. Discovery of PF-06873600, a CDK2/4/6 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9056-9077. [PMID: 34110834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Control of the cell cycle through selective pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 has proven beneficial in the treatment of breast cancer. Extending this level of control to additional cell cycle CDK isoforms represents an opportunity to expand to additional tumor types and potentially provide benefits to patients that develop tumors resistant to selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. However, broad-spectrum CDK inhibitors have a long history of failure due to safety concerns. In this approach, we describe the use of structure-based drug design and Free-Wilson analysis to optimize a series of CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. Further, we detail the use of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into the basis for selectivity against CDK9. Based on overall potency, selectivity, and ADME profile, PF-06873600 (22) was identified as a candidate for the treatment of cancer and advanced to phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Douglas C Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wade Diehl
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andrea Hui
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Buwen Huang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Rhys Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brion W Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Inish O'Doherty
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott C Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Khanh Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Elaine Tseng
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Luke Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Wessely A, Steeb T, Berking C, Heppt MV. How Neural Crest Transcription Factors Contribute to Melanoma Heterogeneity, Cellular Plasticity, and Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115761. [PMID: 34071193 PMCID: PMC8198848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma represents one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. The prognosis strongly depends on the disease stage, thus early detection is crucial. New therapies, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immunotherapies, have significantly improved the survival of patients in the last decade. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance is still a challenge. In this review, we discuss two major aspects that contribute to the aggressiveness of melanoma, namely, the embryonic origin of melanocytes and melanoma cells and cellular plasticity. First, we summarize the physiological function of epidermal melanocytes and their development from precursor cells that originate from the neural crest (NC). Next, we discuss the concepts of intratumoral heterogeneity, cellular plasticity, and phenotype switching that enable melanoma to adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment and promote disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we further dissect the connection of these two aspects by focusing on the transcriptional regulators MSX1, MITF, SOX10, PAX3, and FOXD3. These factors play a key role in NC initiation, NC cell migration, and melanocyte formation, and we discuss how they contribute to cellular plasticity and drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Steeb
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (A.W.); (T.S.); (C.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-35747
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Chu C, Geng Y, Zhou Y, Sicinski P. Cyclin E in normal physiology and disease states. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:732-746. [PMID: 34052101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
E-type cyclins, collectively called cyclin E, represent key components of the core cell cycle machinery. In mammalian cells, two E-type cyclins, E1 and E2, activate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and drive cell cycle progression by phosphorylating several cellular proteins. Abnormally elevated activity of cyclin E-CDK2 has been documented in many human tumor types. Moreover, cyclin E overexpression mediates resistance of tumor cells to various therapeutic agents. Recent work has revealed that the role of cyclin E extends well beyond cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, and it may regulate a diverse array of physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss these various cyclin E functions and the potential for therapeutic targeting of cyclin E and cyclin E-CDK2 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Yu F, Lu Y, Zhong Z, Qu B, Wang M, Yu X, Chen J. Mitf Involved in Innate Immunity by Activating Tyrosinase-Mediated Melanin Synthesis in Pteria penguin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626493. [PMID: 34093521 PMCID: PMC8173187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important transcription factor that plays a key role in melanogenesis, cell proliferation, survival and immune defense in vertebrate. However, its function and function mechanism in bivalve are still rarely known. In this research, first, a Mitf gene was characterized from Pteria penguin (P. penguin). The PpMitf contained an open reading frame of 1,350 bp, encoding a peptide of 449 deduced amino acids with a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) domain. The PpMITF shared 55.7% identity with amino acid sequence of Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that PpMitf was highly expressed in mantle and hemocytes, which were important tissues for color formation and innate immunity. Second, the functions of PpMitf in melanin synthesis and innate immunity were identified. The PpMitf silencing significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis of P. penguin. Meanwhile, the PpMitf silencing clearly down-regulated the expression of PpBcl2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene) and antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, indicating that PpMitf involved in innate immunity of P. penguin. Third, the function mechanism of PpMitf in immunity was analyzed. The promoter sequence analysis of tyrosinase (Tyr) revealed two highly conserved E-box elements, which were specifically recognized by HLH-LZ of MITF. The luciferase activities analysis showed that Mitf could activate the E-box in Tyr promoter through highly conserved bHLH-LZ domain, and demonstrated that PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis and innate immunity by regulating tyrosinase expression. Finally, melanin from P. penguin, the final production of Mitf-Tyr-melanin pathway, was confirmed to have direct antibacterial activity. The results collectively demonstrated that PpMitf played a key role in innate immunity through activating tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis in P. penguin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bingliang Qu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyong Yu
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Łukasik P, Załuski M, Gutowska I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDK) and Their Role in Diseases Development-Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062935. [PMID: 33805800 PMCID: PMC7998717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in many crucial processes, such as cell cycle and transcription, as well as communication, metabolism, and apoptosis. The kinases are organized in a pathway to ensure that, during cell division, each cell accurately replicates its DNA, and ensure its segregation equally between the two daughter cells. Deregulation of any of the stages of the cell cycle or transcription leads to apoptosis but, if uncorrected, can result in a series of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), and stroke. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the characteristics of cyclin-dependent kinases as potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Michał Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Meierjohann S. Effect of stress-induced polyploidy on melanoma reprogramming and therapy resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:232-240. [PMID: 33610722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas and their precursors, the melanocytes, are frequently exposed to UV due to their anatomic location, leading to DNA damage and reactive oxygen stress related harm. Such damage can result in multinucleation or polyploidy, in particularly in presence of mitotic or cell division failure. As a consequence, the cell encounters either of two fates: mitotic catastrophe, resulting in cell death, or survival and recovery, the latter occurring less frequently. However, when cells manage to recover in an polyploid state, they have often acquired new features, which allow them to tolerate and adapt to oncogene- or therapy induced stress. This review focuses on polyploidy inducers in melanoma and their effects on transcriptional reprogramming and phenotypic adaptation as well as the relevance of polyploid melanoma cells for therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meierjohann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Rivera HM, Muñoz EN, Osuna D, Florez M, Carvajal M, Gómez LA. Reciprocal Changes in miRNA Expression with Pigmentation and Decreased Proliferation Induced in Mouse B16F1 Melanoma Cells by L-Tyrosine and 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041591. [PMID: 33562431 PMCID: PMC7914888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many microRNAs have been identified as critical mediators in the progression of melanoma through its regulation of genes involved in different cellular processes such as melanogenesis, cell cycle control, and senescence. However, microRNAs’ concurrent participation in syngeneic mouse B16F1 melanoma cells simultaneously induced decreased proliferation and differential pigmentation by exposure to 5-Brd-2′-dU (5’Bromo-2-deoxyuridine) and L-Tyr (L-Tyrosine) respectively, is poorly understood. Aim: To evaluate changes in the expression of microRNAs and identify which miRNAs in-network may contribute to the functional bases of phenotypes of differential pigmentation and reduction of proliferation in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to 5-Brd-2′-dU and L-Tyr. Methods: Small RNAseq evaluation of the expression profiles of miRNAs in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to 5-Brd-2′-dU (2.5 μg/mL) and L-Tyr (5 mM), as well as the expression by qRT-PCR of some molecular targets related to melanogenesis, cell cycle, and senescence. By bioinformatic analysis, we constructed network models of regulation and co-expression of microRNAs. Results: We confirmed that stimulation or repression of melanogenesis with L-Tyr or 5-Brd-2′-dU, respectively, generated changes in melanin concentration, reduction in proliferation, and changes in expression of microRNAs 470-3p, 470-5p, 30d-5p, 129-5p, 148b-3p, 27b-3p, and 211-5p, which presented patterns of coordinated and reciprocal co-expression, related to changes in melanogenesis through their putative targets Mitf, Tyr and Tyrp1, and control of cell cycle and senescence: Cyclin D1, Cdk2, Cdk4, p21, and p27. Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the molecular biology of melanoma of the way miRNAs are coordinated and reciprocal expression that may operate in a network as molecular bases for understanding changes in pigmentation and decreased proliferation induced in B16F1 melanoma cells exposed to L-Tyr and 5-Brd-2′-dU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mauricio Rivera
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (H.M.R.); (E.N.M.)
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Esther Natalia Muñoz
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (H.M.R.); (E.N.M.)
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Daniel Osuna
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Florez
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael Carvajal
- Science Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.O.); (M.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Luis Alberto Gómez
- Molecular Physiology Group, Sub-Direction of Scientific and Technological Research, Direction of Public Health Research, National Institute of Health, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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Yardman-Frank JM, Fisher DE. Skin pigmentation and its control: From ultraviolet radiation to stem cells. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:560-571. [PMID: 33320376 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the light of substantial discoveries in epithelial and hair pigmentation pathophysiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of skin pigmentation mechanisms. Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells, and their key regulating transcription factor is the melanocyte-specific microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (m-MITF). Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a unique modulator of skin pigmentation influencing tanning pathways. The delayed tanning pathway occurs as UVB produces keratinocyte DNA damage, causing p53-mediated expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene that is processed to release α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). α-MSH stimulates the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes, leading to m-MITF expression and melanogenesis. POMC cleavage also releases β-endorphin, which creates a neuroendocrine pathway that promotes UV-seeking behaviours. Mutations along the tanning pathway can affect pigmentation and increase the risk of skin malignancies. MC1R variants have received considerable attention, yet the allele is highly polymorphic with varied phenotypes. Vitiligo presents with depigmented skin lesions due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. UVB phototherapy stimulates melanocyte stem cells in the hair bulge to undergo differentiation and upwards migration resulting in perifollicular repigmentation of vitiliginous lesions, which is under sophisticated signalling control. Melanocyte stem cells, normally quiescent, undergo cyclic activation/differentiation and downward migration with the hair cycle, providing pigment to hair follicles. Physiological hair greying results from progressive loss of melanocyte stem cells and can be accelerated by acute stress-induced, sympathetic driven hyperproliferation of the melanocyte stem cells. Ultimately, by reviewing the pathways governing epithelial and follicular pigmentation, numerous areas of future research and potential points of intervention are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kitami K, Yoshihara M, Koya Y, Sugiyama M, Iyoshi S, Uno K, Mogi K, Tano S, Fujimoto H, Nawa A, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9776. [PMID: 33371469 PMCID: PMC7767511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of death due to its high metastasis rate to the peritoneum. Recurrent peritoneal tumors also develop despite the use of conventional platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, it is still important to explore the factors associated with peritoneal metastasis, as these predict the prognosis of patients with OvCa. In this study, we investigated the function of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which contributes to the development of melanoma, in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa). High MITF expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in OvCa. Notably, MITF contributed to the motility and invasion of OvCa cells, and specifically with their peri-mesothelial migration. In addition, MITF-positive cells expressed the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146), which was initially identified as a marker of melanoma progression and metastasis, and MCAM expression was regulated by MITF. MCAM was also identified as a significant prognostic factor for poor progression-free survival in patients with OvCa. Collectively, our results suggest that MITF is a novel therapeutic target that potentially promotes peritoneal metastasis of OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kitami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Shohei Iyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaname Uno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
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46
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Darp R, Ceol C. Making a melanoma: Molecular and cellular changes underlying melanoma initiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 34:280-287. [PMID: 33283422 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma arises from the melanocyte lineage and is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer. There are several genetic, genomic, and cellular changes associated with melanoma initiation. Here, we discuss these alterations and the melanoma cells of origin in which they are proposed to promote melanomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati Darp
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Craig Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Liu X, Li H, Cong X, Huo D, Cong L, Wu G. α-MSH-PE38KDEL Kills Melanoma Cells via Modulating Erk1/2/MITF/TYR Signaling in an MC1R-Dependent Manner. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12457-12469. [PMID: 33299329 PMCID: PMC7721307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The immunotoxin α-MSH-PE38KDEL consisting of α-MSH and PE38KDEL showed high cytotoxicity on MSH receptor-positive melanoma cells, suggesting that α-MSH-PE38KDEL might be a potent drug for the treatment of melanoma. Herein, we explored whether the Erk1/2/MITF/TYR signaling, a verified target of α-MSH/MC1R, was involved in α-MSH-PE38KDEL-mediated cytotoxicity. Methods Human melanoma cell line A375, mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEMa) with different expression levels of MC1R were used in this study. Cell apoptosis and viability were determined by using flow cytometry and MTT assays. Protein expressions were tested by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of MC1R in A375 and B16-F10 cells were significantly higher than that of MDA-MB-231 and HEMa. α-MSH-PE38KDEL treatment induced a significant inhibition in cell viability in A375 and B16-F10 cells, while showed no obvious influence in the viability of MDA-MB-231 and HEMa cells. However, knockdown of MC1R abolished α-MSH-PE38KDEL role in promoting cell apoptosis in A375 and B16-F10 cells, and upregulation of MC1R endowed α-MSH-PE38KDEL function to promote cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HEMa cells. Additionally, α-MSH-PE38KDEL treatment increased the phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2 and MITF (S73), and decreased MITF and TYR expressions in an MC1R-dependent manner. All of the treatments, including inhibition of Erk1/2 with PD98059, MC1R downregulation and MITF overexpression weakened the anti-tumor role of α-MSH-PE38KDEL in melanoma. Conclusion Collectively, this study indicates that α-MSH-PE38KDEL promotes melanoma cell apoptosis via modulating Erk1/2/MITF/TYR signaling in an MC1R-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Emergency Medical Department, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Tissue Bank, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Cong
- Department of Dermatology, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
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48
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Hsiao YJ, Chang WH, Chen HY, Hsu YC, Chiu SC, Chiang CC, Chang GC, Chen YJ, Wang CY, Chen YM, Lin CY, Chen YJ, Yang PC, Chen JJW, Yu SL. MITF functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer beyond the canonically oncogenic role. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:646-674. [PMID: 33293474 PMCID: PMC7835003 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microphthalamia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a critical mediator in melanocyte differentiation and exerts oncogenic functions in melanoma progression. However, the role of MITF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unknown. We found that MITF is dominantly expressed in the low-invasive CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cells and paired adjacent normal lung tissues. MITF expression is significantly associated with better overall survival and disease-free survival in NSCLC and serves as an independent prognostic marker. Silencing MITF promotes tumor cell migration, invasion and colony formation in lung adenocarcinoma cells. In xenograft mouse model, MITF knockdown enhances metastasis and tumorigenesis, but decreases angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay. Whole transcriptome profiling of the landscape of MITF regulation in lung adenocarcinoma indicates that MITF is involved in cell development, cell cycle, inflammation and WNT signaling pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MITF targets the promoters of FZD7, PTGR1 and ANXA1. Moreover, silencing FZD7 reduces the invasiveness that is promoted by silencing MITF. Strikingly, MITF has significantly inverse correlations with the expression of its downstream genes in lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, we demonstrate the suppressive role of MITF in lung cancer progression, which is opposite to the canonical oncogenic function of MITF in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chin Chiu
- Inservice Master Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy J W Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Centers for Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhou Y, Geng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Chu C, Sharma S, Fassl A, Butter D, Sicinski P. The requirement for cyclin E in c-Myc overexpressing breast cancers. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2589-2599. [PMID: 32975478 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like triple-negative breast cancers frequently express high levels of c-Myc. This oncoprotein signals to the core cell cycle machinery by impinging on cyclin E. High levels of E-type cyclins (E1 and E2) are often seen in human triple-negative breast tumors. In the current study, we examined the requirement for E-type cyclins in the c-Myc-driven mouse model of breast cancer (MMTV-c-Myc mice). To do so, we crossed cyclin E1- (E1-/-) and E2- (E2-/-) deficient mice with MMTV-c-Myc animals, and observed the resulting cyclin E1-/-/MMTV-c-Myc and cyclin E2-/-/MMTV-c-Myc females for breast cancer incidence. We found that mice lacking cyclins E1 or E2 developed breast cancers like their cyclin Ewild-type counterparts. In contrast, further reduction of the dosage of E-cyclins in cyclin E1-/-E2+/-/MMTV-c-Myc and cyclin E1+/-E2-/-/MMTV-c-Myc animals significantly decreased the incidence of mammary carcinomas, revealing arole for E-cyclins in tumor initiation. We also observed that depletion of E-cyclins in human triple-negative breast cancer cell lines halted cell cycle progression, indicating that E-cyclins are essential for tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, we found that the catalytic partner of E-cyclins, the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), is dispensable for the proliferation of these cells. These results indicate that E-cyclins, but not CDK2, play essential and rate-limiting roles in driving the proliferation of c-Myc overexpressing breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samanta Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Sarkar S, Gaddameedhi S. Solar ultraviolet-induced DNA damage response: Melanocytes story in transformation to environmental melanomagenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:736-751. [PMID: 32281145 PMCID: PMC9675355 DOI: 10.1002/em.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is both beneficial, as it heats the planet to a comfortable temperature, and potentially harmful, since sunlight contains ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is deemed detrimental for living organisms. Earth's ozone layer plays a vital role in blocking most of the extremely dangerous UVC; however, low frequency/energy UVR (i.e., UVB and UVA) seeps through in minute amount and reaches the Earth's surface. Both UVB and UVA are physiologically responsible for a plethora of skin ailments, including skin cancers. The UVR is readily absorbed by the genomic DNA of skin cells, causing DNA bond distortion and UV-induced DNA damage. As a defense mechanism, the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling in skin cells activates nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is responsible for the removal of UVR-induced DNA photolesions and helps maintain the genomic integrity of the cells. Failure of proper NER function leads to mutagenesis and development of skin cancers. One of the deadliest form of skin cancers is melanoma which originates upon the genetic transformation of melanocytes, melanin producing skin cells. NER is a well-studied DNA repair system in the whole skin, as a tissue, but not much is known about it in melanocytes. Therefore, this review encapsulates NER in melanocytes, with a specific focus on its functional regulators and their cross talks due to skin heterogeneity and divulging the potential knowledge gap in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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