1
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Satta JP, Lan Q, Taketo MM, Mikkola ML. Stabilization of Epithelial β-Catenin Compromises Mammary Cell Fate Acquisition and Branching Morphogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1223-1237.e10. [PMID: 38159590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in cell fate specification, morphogenesis, and stem cell activation across diverse tissues, including the skin. In mammals, the embryonic surface epithelium gives rise to the epidermis as well as the associated appendages including hair follicles and mammary glands, both of which depend on epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity for initiation of their development. Later on, Wnts are thought to enhance mammary gland growth and branching, whereas in hair follicles, they are essential for hair shaft formation. In this study, we report a strong downregulation of epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity as the mammary bud progresses to branching. We show that forced activation of epithelial β-catenin severely compromises embryonic mammary gland branching. However, the phenotype of conditional Lef1-deficient embryos implies that a low level of Wnt/β-catenin activity is necessary for mammary cell survival. Transcriptomic profiling suggests that sustained high β-catenin activity leads to maintenance of mammary bud gene signature at the expense of outgrowth/branching gene signature. In addition, it leads to upregulation of epidermal differentiation genes. Strikingly, we find a partial switch to hair follicle fate early on upon stabilization of β-catenin, suggesting that the level of epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity may contribute to the choice between skin appendage identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prabha Satta
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HILIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HILIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer Project, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HILIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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2
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Lee SH, Platt S, Lim CH, Ito M, Myung P. The development of hair follicles and nail. Dev Biol 2024; 513:3-11. [PMID: 38759942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle and nail unit develop and regenerate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Here, we review some of the key signals and molecular interactions that regulate mammalian hair follicle and nail formation during embryonic development and how these interactions are reutilized to promote their regeneration during adult homeostasis and in response to skin wounding. Finally, we highlight the role of some of these signals in mediating human hair follicle and nail conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Platt
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peggy Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Tan CT, Lim CY, Lay K. Modelling Human Hair Follicles-Lessons from Animal Models and Beyond. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:312. [PMID: 38785794 PMCID: PMC11117913 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The hair follicle is a specialized appendage of the skin that is critical for multiple functions, including thermoregulation, immune surveillance, and sebum production. Mammals are born with a fixed number of hair follicles that develop embryonically. Postnatally, these hair follicles undergo regenerative cycles of regression and growth that recapitulate many of the embryonic signaling pathways. Furthermore, hair cycles have a direct impact on skin regeneration in homeostasis, cutaneous wound healing, and disease conditions such as alopecia. Here, we review the current knowledge of hair follicle formation during embryonic development and the post-natal hair cycle, with an emphasis on the molecular signaling pathways underlying these processes. We then discuss efforts to capitalize on the field's understanding of in vivo mechanisms to bioengineer hair follicles or hair-bearing skin in vitro and how such models may be further improved to develop strategies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lay
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
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4
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Villeneuve C, Hashmi A, Ylivinkka I, Lawson-Keister E, Miroshnikova YA, Pérez-González C, Myllymäki SM, Bertillot F, Yadav B, Zhang T, Matic Vignjevic D, Mikkola ML, Manning ML, Wickström SA. Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:207-218. [PMID: 38302719 PMCID: PMC10866703 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Morphogenesis and cell state transitions must be coordinated in time and space to produce a functional tissue. An excellent paradigm to understand the coupling of these processes is mammalian hair follicle development, which is initiated by the formation of an epithelial invagination-termed placode-that coincides with the emergence of a designated hair follicle stem cell population. The mechanisms directing the deformation of the epithelium, cell state transitions and physical compartmentalization of the placode are unknown. Here we identify a key role for coordinated mechanical forces stemming from contractile, proliferative and proteolytic activities across the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments in generating the placode structure. A ring of fibroblast cells gradually wraps around the placode cells to generate centripetal contractile forces, which, in collaboration with polarized epithelial myosin activity, promote elongation and local tissue thickening. These mechanical stresses further enhance compartmentalization of Sox9 expression to promote stem cell positioning. Subsequently, proteolytic remodelling locally softens the basement membrane to facilitate a release of pressure on the placode, enabling localized cell divisions, tissue fluidification and epithelial invagination into the underlying mesenchyme. Together, our experiments and modelling identify dynamic cell shape transformations and tissue-scale mechanical cooperation as key factors for orchestrating organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Villeneuve
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Ylivinkka
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabien Bertillot
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Zhang B, Chen T. Local and systemic mechanisms that control the hair follicle stem cell niche. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:87-100. [PMID: 37903969 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles are essential appendages of the mammalian skin, as hair performs vital functions of protection, thermoregulation and sensation. Hair follicles harbour exceptional regenerative abilities as they contain multiple somatic stem cell populations such as hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and melanocyte stem cells. Surrounding the stem cells and their progeny, diverse groups of cells and extracellular matrix proteins are organized to form a microenvironment (called 'niche') that serves to promote and maintain the optimal functioning of these stem cell populations. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate nature of the HFSC niche and its crucial role in regulating hair follicle regeneration. In this Review, we describe how the niche serves as a signalling hub, communicating, deciphering and integrating both local signals within the skin and systemic inputs from the body and environment to modulate HFSC activity. We delve into the recent advancements in identifying the cellular and molecular nature of the niche, providing a holistic perspective on its essential functions in hair follicle morphogenesis, regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Khatif H, Bazzi H. Generation and characterization of a Dkk4-Cre knock-in mouse line. Genesis 2024; 62:e23532. [PMID: 37435631 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectodermal appendages in mammals, such as teeth, mammary glands, sweat glands and hair follicles, are generated during embryogenesis through a series of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Canonical Wnt signaling and its inhibitors are implicated in the early steps of ectodermal appendage development and patterning. To study the activation dynamics of the Wnt target and inhibitor Dickkopf4 (Dkk4) in ectodermal appendages, we used CRSIPR/Cas9 to generate a Dkk4-Cre knock-in mouse (Mus musculus) line, where the Cre recombinase cDNA replaces the expression of endogenous Dkk4. Using Cre reporters, the Dkk4-Cre activity was evident at the prospective sites of ectodermal appendages, overlapping with the Dkk4 mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, a predominantly mesenchymal cell population in the embryo posterior also showed Dkk4-Cre activity. Lineage-tracing suggested that these cells are likely derived from a few Dkk4-Cre-expressing cells in the epiblast at early gastrulation. Finally, our analyses of Dkk4-Cre-expressing cells in developing hair follicle epithelial placodes revealed intra- and inter-placodal cellular heterogeneity, supporting emerging data on the positional and transcriptional cellular variability in placodes. Collectively, we propose the new Dkk4-Cre knock-in mouse line as a suitable model to study Wnt and DKK4 inhibitor dynamics in early mouse development and ectodermal appendage morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Khatif
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Qi WH, Liu T, Zheng CL, Zhao Q, Zhou N, Zhao GJ. Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Growth and Development of Hair Follicles in Forest Musk Deer. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3869. [PMID: 38136906 PMCID: PMC10740511 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, sRNA libraries and mRNA libraries of HFs of FMD were constructed and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500, and the expression profiles of miRNAs and genes in the HFs of FMD were obtained at the anagen and catagen stages. In total, 565 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified, 90 of which were upregulated and 475 of which were downregulated. In the BP category of GO enrichment, the DEGs were enriched in the processes related to HF development and differentiation, including the hair cycle regulation and processes, HF development, skin epidermis development, regulation of HF development, skin development, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the BMP signaling pathway. Through KEGG analysis it was found that DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with HF development and growth. A total of 186 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were screened (p < 0.05) in the HFs of FMD at the anagen stage vs. the catagen stage, 33 of which were upregulated and 153 of which were downregulated. Through DEmiRNA-mRNA association analysis, we found DEmiRNAs and target genes that mainly play regulatory roles in HF development and growth. The enrichment analysis of DEmiRNA target genes revealed similarities with the enrichment results of DEGs associated with HF development. Notably, both sets of genes were enriched in key pathways such as the Notch signaling pathway, melanogenesis, the cAMP signaling pathway, and cGMP-PKG. To validate our findings, we selected 11 DEGs and 11 DEmiRNAs for experimental verification using RT-qPCR. The results of the experimental validation were consistent with the RNA-Seq results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Qi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China; (W.-H.Q.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China; (W.-H.Q.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Li Zheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 611830, China;
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China; (W.-H.Q.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Nong Zhou
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China; (W.-H.Q.); (T.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Gui-Jun Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, China
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8
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Neely AE, Zhang Y, Blumensaadt LA, Mao H, Brenner B, Sun C, Zhang HF, Bao X. Nucleoporin downregulation modulates progenitor differentiation independent of nuclear pore numbers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1033. [PMID: 37853046 PMCID: PMC10584948 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins (NUPs) comprise nuclear pore complexes, gateways for nucleocytoplasmic transport. As primary human keratinocytes switch from the progenitor state towards differentiation, most NUPs are strongly downregulated, with NUP93 being the most downregulated NUP in this process. To determine if this NUP downregulation is accompanied by a reduction in nuclear pore numbers, we leveraged Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy. No significant changes in nuclear pore numbers were detected using three independent NUP antibodies; however, NUP reduction in other subcellular compartments such as the cytoplasm was identified. To investigate how NUP reduction influences keratinocyte differentiation, we knocked down NUP93 in keratinocytes in the progenitor-state culture condition. NUP93 knockdown diminished keratinocytes' clonogenicity and epidermal regenerative capacity, without drastically affecting nuclear pore numbers or permeability. Using transcriptome profiling, we identified that NUP93 knockdown induces differentiation genes related to both mechanical and immune barrier functions, including the activation of known NF-κB target genes. Consistently, keratinocytes with NUP93 knockdown exhibited increased nuclear localization of the NF-κB p65/p50 transcription factors, and increased NF-κB reporter activity. Taken together, these findings highlight the gene regulatory roles contributed by differential NUP expression levels in keratinocyte differentiation, independent of nuclear pore numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Neely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Lab, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Laura A Blumensaadt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Molecular Analytics and Photonics (MAP) Lab, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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9
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Cai Q, Luo M, Tang Y, Yu M, Yuan F, Gasser GN, Liu X, Engelhardt JF. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Is Essential for Pulmonary Ionocyte Specification in Human and Ferret Airway Epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:295-309. [PMID: 37141531 PMCID: PMC10503308 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0280oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary ionocytes express high levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an anion channel that is critical for hydration of the airways and mucociliary clearance. However, the cellular mechanisms that govern ionocyte specification and function remain unclear. We observed that increased abundance of ionocytes in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium was associated with enhanced expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) effectors. In this study, we evaluated whether the SHH pathway directly impacts ionocyte differentiation and CFTR function in airway epithelia. Pharmacological HPI1-mediated inhibition of SHH signaling component GLI1 significantly impaired human basal cell specification of ionocytes and ciliated cells but significantly enhanced specification of secretory cells. By contrast, activation of the SHH pathway effector smoothened (SMO) with the chemical agonist SAG significantly enhanced ionocyte specification. The abundance of CFTR+ BSND+ ionocytes under these conditions had a direct relationship with CFTR-mediated currents in differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway cultures. These findings were corroborated in ferret ALI airway cultures generated from basal cells in which the genes encoding the SHH receptor PTCH1 or its intracellular effector SMO were genetically ablated using CRISPR-Cas9, causing aberrant activation or suppression of SHH signaling, respectively. These findings demonstrate that SHH signaling is directly involved in airway basal cell specification of CFTR-expressing pulmonary ionocytes and is likely responsible for enhanced ionocyte abundance in the CF proximal airways. Pharmacologic approaches to enhance ionocyte and reduce secretory cell specification after CFTR gene editing of basal cells may have utility in the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meihui Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yinghua Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China; and
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grace N. Gasser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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10
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Yeon GB, Jeon BM, Yoo SH, Kim D, Oh SS, Park S, Shin WH, Kim HW, Na D, Kim DW, Kim DS. Differentiation of astrocytes with characteristics of ventral midbrain from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1890-1906. [PMID: 37067644 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and functional diversity among region-specific astrocytes is of great interest in basic neuroscience and the study of neurological diseases. In this study, we present the generation and characterization of astrocytes from human embryonic stem cells with the characteristics of the ventral midbrain (VM). Fine modulation of WNT and SHH signaling during neural differentiation induced neural precursor cells (NPCs) with high expression of EN1 and NKX6.1, but less expression of FOXA2. Overexpression of nuclear factor IB in NPCs induced astrocytes, thereby maintaining the expression of region-specific genes acquired in the NPC stage. When cocultured with dopaminergic (DA) precursors or DA neurons, astrocytes with VM characteristics (VM-iASTs) promoted the differentiation and survival of DA neurons better than those that were not regionally specified. Transcriptomic analysis showed that VM-iASTs were more closely related to human primary midbrain astrocytes than to cortical astrocytes, and revealed the upregulation of WNT1 and WNT5A, which supports their VM identity and explains their superior activity in DA neurons. Taken together, we hope that VM-iASTs can serve to improve ongoing DA precursor transplantation for Parkinson's disease, and that their transcriptomic data provide a valuable resource for investigating regional diversity in human astrocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Bum Yeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Min Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-Integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yang Y, Gomez N, Infarinato N, Adam RC, Sribour M, Baek I, Laurin M, Fuchs E. The pioneer factor SOX9 competes for epigenetic factors to switch stem cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1185-1195. [PMID: 37488435 PMCID: PMC10415178 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
During development, progenitors simultaneously activate one lineage while silencing another, a feature highly regulated in adult stem cells but derailed in cancers. Equipped to bind cognate motifs in closed chromatin, pioneer factors operate at these crossroads, but how they perform fate switching remains elusive. Here we tackle this question with SOX9, a master regulator that diverts embryonic epidermal stem cells (EpdSCs) into becoming hair follicle stem cells. By engineering mice to re-activate SOX9 in adult EpdSCs, we trigger fate switching. Combining epigenetic, proteomic and functional analyses, we interrogate the ensuing chromatin and transcriptional dynamics, slowed temporally by the mature EpdSC niche microenvironment. We show that as SOX9 binds and opens key hair follicle enhancers de novo in EpdSCs, it simultaneously recruits co-factors away from epidermal enhancers, which are silenced. Unhinged from its normal regulation, sustained SOX9 subsequently activates oncogenic transcriptional regulators that chart the path to cancers typified by constitutive SOX9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Gomez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Allen Institute for Cell Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole Infarinato
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- PRECISIONscientia, Yardley, PA, USA
| | - Rene C Adam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Megan Sribour
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inwha Baek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mélanie Laurin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Ponomarev AS, Gilazieva ZE, Solovyova VV, Rizvanov AA. Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Stemness Modulation during Formation of Spheroids. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:979-994. [PMID: 37751868 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), their properties and interaction with microenvironment are of interest in modern medicine and biology. There are many studies on the emergence of CSCs and their involvement in tumor pathogenesis. The most important property inherent to CSCs is their stemness. Stemness combines ability of the cell to maintain its pluripotency, give rise to differentiated cells, and interact with environment to maintain a balance between dormancy, proliferation, and regeneration. While adult stem cells exhibit these properties by participating in tissue homeostasis, CSCs behave as their malignant equivalents. High tumor resistance to therapy, ability to differentiate, activate angiogenesis and metastasis arise precisely due to the stemness of CSCs. These cells can be used as a target for therapy of different types of cancer. Laboratory models are needed to study cancer biology and find new therapeutic strategies. A promising direction is three-dimensional tumor models or spheroids. Such models exhibit properties resembling stemness in a natural tumor. By modifying spheroids, it becomes possible to investigate the effect of therapy on CSCs, thus contributing to the development of anti-tumor drug test systems. The review examines the niche of CSCs, the possibility of their study using three-dimensional spheroids, and existing markers for assessing stemness of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei S Ponomarev
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Zarema E Gilazieva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyova
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008, Russia.
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14
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Sulic AM, Das Roy R, Papagno V, Lan Q, Saikkonen R, Jernvall J, Thesleff I, Mikkola ML. Transcriptomic landscape of early hair follicle and epidermal development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112643. [PMID: 37318953 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of ectodermal organs, such as hair, tooth, and mammary gland, starts with the formation of local epithelial thickenings, or placodes, but it remains to be determined how distinct cell types and differentiation programs are established during ontogeny. Here, we use bulk and single-cell transcriptomics and pseudotime modeling to address these questions in developing hair follicles and epidermis and produce a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of cellular populations in the hair placode and interplacodal epithelium. We report previously unknown cell populations and marker genes, including early suprabasal and genuine interfollicular basal markers, and propose the identity of suprabasal progenitors. By uncovering four different hair placode cell populations organized in three spatially distinct areas, with fine gene expression gradients between them, we posit early biases in cell fate establishment. This work is accompanied by a readily accessible online tool to stimulate further research on skin appendages and their progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Sulic
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rishi Das Roy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Verdiana Papagno
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Saikkonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Jernvall
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Evano B, Sarde L, Tajbakhsh S. Temporal static and dynamic imaging of skeletal muscle in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113484. [PMID: 36693490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the study of living systems is understanding how tissues and organs are established, maintained during homeostasis, reconstituted following injury or deteriorated during disease. Most of the studies that interrogate in vivo cell biological properties of cell populations within tissues are obtained through static imaging approaches. However, in vertebrates, little is known about which, when, and how extracellular and intracellular signals are dynamically integrated to regulate cell behaviour and fates, due largely to technical challenges. Intravital imaging of cellular dynamics in mammalian models has exposed surprising properties that have been missed by conventional static imaging approaches. Here we highlight some selected examples of intravital imaging in mouse intestinal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and neural stem cells in the brain, each of which have distinct features from an anatomical and niche-architecture perspective. Intravital imaging of mouse skeletal muscles is comparatively less advanced due to several technical constraints that will be discussed, yet this approach holds great promise as a complementary investigative method to validate findings obtained by static imaging, as well as a method for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Liza Sarde
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France; Sorbonne Université, Complexité Du Vivant, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
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16
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Prado-Mantilla A, Lechler T. Polarity in skin development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:317-336. [PMID: 37100522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that forms the outermost layer of the skin. Its primary function is to act as a barrier, keeping pathogens and toxins out and moisture in. This physiological role has necessitated major differences in the organization and polarity of the tissue as compared to simple epithelia. We discuss four aspects of polarity in the epidermis - the distinctive polarities of basal progenitor cells as well as differentiated granular cells, the polarity of adhesions and the cytoskeleton across the tissue as keratinocytes differentiate, and the planar cell polarity of the tissue. These distinctive polarities are essential for the morphogenesis and the function of the epidermis and have also been implicated in regulating tumor formation.
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17
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Jeong S, Na Y, Nam HM, Sung GY. Skin-on-a-chip strategies for human hair follicle regeneration. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:13-23. [PMID: 36308297 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of hair loss patients increases every year, and hair loss treatment has several limitations, so research on hair is attracting attention recently. However, most current hair follicle research models are limited by their inability to replicate several key functions of the hair follicle microenvironment. To complement this, an in vitro culture system similar to the in vivo environment must be constructed. It is necessary to develop a hair-on-a-chip that implements a fully functional hair follicle model by reproducing the main characteristics of hair follicle morphogenesis and cycle. In this review, we summarize the gradation of hair follicle morphogenesis and the roles and mechanisms of molecular signals involved in the hair follicle cycle. In addition, we discuss research results of various in vitro organoid products and organ-on-a-chip-based hair follicle tissue chips for the treatment of alopecia and present future research and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoojin Na
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Min Nam
- Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Gun Yong Sung
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Medical Device Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Integrative Materials Research Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Major in Materials Science and Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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18
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Morita R, Fujiwara H. Tracing the developmental origin of tissue stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:566-576. [PMID: 36217609 PMCID: PMC10091985 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells are vital for organ homeostasis and regeneration owing to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into the various cell types that constitute organ tissue. These stem cells are formed during complex and dynamic organ development, necessitating spatial-temporal coordination of morphogenetic events and cell fate specification during this process. In recent years, technological advances have enabled the tracing of the cellular dynamics, states, and lineages of individual cells over time in relation to tissue morphological changes. These dynamic data have not only revealed the origin of tissue stem cells in various organs but have also led to an understanding of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical bases of tissue stem cell formation. Herein, we summarize recent findings on the developmental origin of tissue stem cells in the hair follicles, intestines, brain, skeletal muscles, and hematopoietic system, and further discuss how stem cell fate specification is coordinated with tissue topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Morita
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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19
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Ievlev V, Jensen-Cody CC, Lynch TJ, Pai AC, Park S, Shahin W, Wang K, Parekh KR, Engelhardt JF. Sox9 and Lef1 Regulate the Fate and Behavior of Airway Glandular Progenitors in Response to Injury. Stem Cells 2022; 40:778-790. [PMID: 35639980 PMCID: PMC9406614 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous airways of larger mammals and the mouse trachea contain at least 3 well-established stem cell compartments, including basal cells of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) and ductal and myoepithelial cells of the submucosal glands (SMG). Here we demonstrate that glandular Sox9-expressing progenitors capable of SAE repair decline with age in mice. Notably, Sox9-lineage glandular progenitors produced basal and ciliated cells in the SAE, but failed to produce secretory cells. Lef1 was required for glandular Sox9 lineage contribution to SAE repair, and its deletion significantly reduced proliferation following injury. By contrast, in vivo deletion of Sox9 enhanced proliferation of progenitors in both the SAE and SMG shortly following injury, but these progenitors failed to proliferate in vitro in the absence of Sox9, similar to that previously shown for Lef1 deletion. In cystic fibrosis ferret airways, Sox9 expression inversely correlated with Ki67 proliferative marker expression in SMG and the SAE. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we demonstrate that Sox9 is extinguished as glandular progenitors exit ducts and proliferate on the airway surface and that Sox9 is required for migration and proper differentiation of SMG, but not surface airway, progenitors. We propose a model whereby Wnt/Lef1 and Sox9 signals differentially regulate the proliferative and migratory behavior of glandular progenitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Ievlev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Albert C Pai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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20
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Soffer A, Mahly A, Padmanabhan K, Cohen J, Adir O, Loushi E, Fuchs Y, Williams SE, Luxenburg C. Apoptosis and tissue thinning contribute to symmetric cell division in the developing mouse epidermis in a nonautonomous way. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001756. [PMID: 35969606 PMCID: PMC9410552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation (SO) is a conserved mechanism that governs cell fate and tissue morphogenesis. In the developing epidermis, a balance between self-renewing symmetric divisions and differentiative asymmetric divisions is necessary for normal development. While the cellular machinery that executes SO is well characterized, the extrinsic cues that guide it are poorly understood. Here, we identified the basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), a β1 integrin coreceptor, as a novel regulator of epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated depletion of Bcam in the mouse embryo did not hinder β1 integrin distribution or cell adhesion and polarity. However, Bcam depletion promoted apoptosis, thinning of the epidermis, and symmetric cell division, and the defects were reversed by concomitant overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor Xiap. Moreover, in mosaic epidermis, depletion of Bcam or Xiap induced symmetric divisions in neighboring wild-type cells. These results identify apoptosis and epidermal architecture as extrinsic cues that guide SO in the developing epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Soffer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adnan Mahly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eidan Loushi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott E. Williams
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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21
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Park S. Hair Follicle Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis, Neogenesis, and Organogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933370. [PMID: 35938157 PMCID: PMC9354988 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles are mini organs that repeat the growth and regression cycle continuously. These dynamic changes are driven by the regulation of stem cells via their multiple niche components. To build the complex structure of hair follicles and surrounding niches, sophisticated morphogenesis is required during embryonic development. This review will explore how hair follicles are formed and maintained through dynamic cellular changes and diverse signaling pathways. In addition, comparison of differences in stem cells and surrounding niche components during embryogenesis, neogenesis, and organogenesis will provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms for hair follicle generation and insights into skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sangbum Park,
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22
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LGR5 is a conserved marker of hair follicle stem cells in multiple species and is present early and throughout follicle morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9104. [PMID: 35650234 PMCID: PMC9160037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells are key for driving growth and homeostasis of the hair follicle niche, have remarkable regenerative capacity throughout hair cycling, and display fate plasticity during cutaneous wound healing. Due to the need for a transgenic reporter, essentially all observations related to LGR5-expressing hair follicle stem cells have been generated using transgenic mice, which have significant differences in anatomy and physiology from the human. Using a transgenic pig model, a widely accepted model for human skin and human skin repair, we demonstrate that LGR5 is a marker of hair follicle stem cells across species in homeostasis and development. We also report the strong similarities and important differences in expression patterns, gene expression profiles, and developmental processes between species. This information is important for understanding the fundamental differences and similarities across species, and ultimately improving human hair follicle regeneration, cutaneous wound healing, and skin cancer treatment.
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23
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Decomposing a deterministic path to mesenchymal niche formation by two intersecting morphogen gradients. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1053-1067.e5. [PMID: 35421372 PMCID: PMC9050909 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ formation requires integrating signals to coordinate proliferation, specify cell fates, and shape tissue. Tracing these events and signals remains a challenge, as intermediate states across many critical transitions are unresolvable over real time and space. Here, we designed a unique computational approach to decompose a non-linear differentiation process into key components to resolve the signals and cell behaviors that drive a rapid transition, using the hair follicle dermal condensate as a model. Combining scRNA sequencing with genetic perturbation, we reveal that proliferative Dkk1+ progenitors transiently amplify to become quiescent dermal condensate cells by the mere spatiotemporal patterning of Wnt/β-catenin and SHH signaling gradients. Together, they deterministically coordinate a rapid transition from proliferation to quiescence, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis. Moreover, genetically repatterning these gradients reproduces these events autonomously in "slow motion" across more intermediates that resolve the process. This analysis unravels two morphogen gradients that intersect to coordinate events of organogenesis.
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24
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Wen Y, Xie D, Liu Z. Advances in protein analysis in single live cells: principle, instrumentation and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Ponomarev A, Gilazieva Z, Solovyeva V, Allegrucci C, Rizvanov A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Cancer Stemness and Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:970. [PMID: 35205716 PMCID: PMC8869813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity represents an important limitation to the development of effective cancer therapies. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their differentiation hierarchies contribute to cancer complexity and confer tumors the ability to grow, resist treatment, survive unfavorable conditions, and invade neighboring and distant tissues. A large body of research is currently focusing on understanding the properties of CSCs, including their cellular and molecular origin, as well as their biological behavior in different tumor types. In turn, this knowledge informs strategies for targeting these tumor initiating cells and related cancer stemness. Cancer stemness is modulated by the tumor microenvironment, which influences CSC function and survival. Several advanced in vitro models are currently being developed to study cancer stemness in order to advance new knowledge of the key molecular pathways involved in CSC self-renewal and dormancy, as well as to mimic the complexity of patients' tumors in pre-clinical drug testing. In this review, we discuss CSCs and the modulation of cancer stemness by the tumor microenvironment, stemness factors and signaling pathways. In addition, we introduce current models that allow the study of CSCs for the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ponomarev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Zarema Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeriya Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) and Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
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26
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Lv X, Chen W, Wang S, Cao X, Yuan Z, Getachew T, Mwacharo JM, Haile A, Sun W. Integrated Hair Follicle Profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs to Reveal the Pattern Formation of Hu Sheep Lambskin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020342. [PMID: 35205386 PMCID: PMC8872417 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle development is closely associated with wool curvature. Current studies reveal the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hair follicle growth and development. However, few studies are known regarding their role in wool curvature. To reveal the potential roles of miRNAs in Hu sheep lambskin with different patterns, a total of 37 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in hair follicles between small waves (SM) and straight wool (ST) groups using RNA-seq. Through functional enrichment and miRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis, some key miRNAs (oar-miR-143, oar-miR-200b, oar-miR-10a, oar-miR-181a, oar-miR-10b, oar-miR-125b, etc.) and miRNA-mRNA pairs (miR-125b target CD34, miR-181a target FGF12, LMO3, miR-200b target ZNF536, etc.) were identified. Though direct or indirect ways affecting hair follicle development, these miRNAs and mRNAs may have possible effects on wool curvature, and this study thus provides valuable insight on potential pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Weihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shanhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Tesfaye Getachew
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Aynalem Haile
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (Z.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.C.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5275-0912
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Moreci RS, Lechler T. KIF18B is a cell type-specific regulator of spindle orientation in the epidermis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar29. [PMID: 34432485 PMCID: PMC8693959 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-06-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper spindle orientation is required for asymmetric cell division and the establishment of complex tissue architecture. In the developing epidermis, spindle orientation requires a conserved cortical protein complex of LGN/NuMA/dynein-dynactin. However, how microtubule dynamics are regulated to interact with this machinery and properly position the mitotic spindle is not fully understood. Furthermore, our understanding of the processes that link spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division to cell fate specification in distinct tissue contexts remains incomplete. We report a role for the microtubule catastrophe factor KIF18B in regulating microtubule dynamics to promote spindle orientation in keratinocytes. During mitosis, KIF18B accumulates at the cell cortex, colocalizing with the conserved spindle orientation machinery. In vivo we find that KIF18B is required for oriented cell divisions within the hair placode, the first stage of hair follicle morphogenesis, but is not essential in the interfollicular epidermis. Disrupting spindle orientation in the placode, using mutations in either KIF18B or NuMA, results in aberrant cell fate marker expression of hair follicle progenitor cells. These data functionally link spindle orientation to cell fate decisions during hair follicle morphogenesis. Taken together, our data demonstrate a role for regulated microtubule dynamics in spindle orientation in epidermal cells. This work also highlights the importance of spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division to dictate cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Moreci
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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28
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Sun Z, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Jia J, Zeng W, Fang D. Joint single-cell multiomic analysis in Wnt3a induced asymmetric stem cell division. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5941. [PMID: 34642323 PMCID: PMC8511096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling usually functions through a spatial gradient. Localized Wnt3a signaling can induce the asymmetric division of mouse embryonic stem cells, where proximal daughter cells maintain self-renewal and distal daughter cells acquire hallmarks of differentiation. Here, we develop an approach, same cell epigenome and transcriptome sequencing, to jointly profile the epigenome and transcriptome in the same single cell. Utilizing this method, we profiled H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 levels along with gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells with localized Wnt3a signaling, revealing the cell type-specific maps of the epigenome and transcriptome in divided daughter cells. H3K27me3, but not H3K4me3, is correlated with gene expression changes during asymmetric cell division. Furthermore, cell clusters identified by H3K27me3 recapitulate the corresponding clusters defined by gene expression. Our study provides a convenient method to jointly profile the epigenome and transcriptome in the same cell and reveals mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory programs that maintain and reset stem cell fate during differentiation. A localized Wnt3a signal has been shown to induce asymmetric division of mouse embryonic stem cells. Here the authors develop SET-seq, an approach to jointly profile epigenome and transcriptome in the same single cell and use it to provide mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory programs for maintaining and resetting stem cell fate during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Junqi Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weiwu Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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29
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Lechler T, Mapelli M. Spindle positioning and its impact on vertebrate tissue architecture and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:691-708. [PMID: 34158639 PMCID: PMC10544824 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular systems, oriented cell divisions are essential for morphogenesis and homeostasis as they determine the position of daughter cells within the tissue and also, in many cases, their fate. Early studies in invertebrates led to the identification of conserved core mechanisms of mitotic spindle positioning centred on the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex. In recent years, much has been learnt about the way this complex functions in vertebrate cells. In particular, studies addressed how the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex dynamically crosstalks with astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, and how it is regulated to orient the spindle according to cellular and tissue-wide cues. We have also begun to understand how dynein motors and actin regulators interact with mechanosensitive adhesion molecules sensing extracellular mechanical stimuli, such as cadherins and integrins, and with signalling pathways so as to respond to extracellular cues instructing the orientation of the division axis in vivo. In this Review, with the focus on epithelial tissues, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation in vertebrate cells, and how this machinery is regulated by epithelial cues and extracellular signals to maintain tissue cohesiveness during mitosis. We also outline recent knowledge of how spindle orientation impacts tissue architecture in epithelia and its emerging links to the regulation of cell fate decisions. Finally, we describe how defective spindle orientation can be corrected or its effects eliminated in tissues under physiological conditions, and the pathological implications associated with spindle misorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Ge W, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Li F, Wang S, Liu J, Tan S, Yan Z, Wang L, Shen W, Qu L, Wang X. A Single-cell Transcriptome Atlas of Cashmere Goat Hair Follicle Morphogenesis. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:437-451. [PMID: 34534715 PMCID: PMC8864196 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuelang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jinwang Liu
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Shaojing Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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31
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Hu XM, Li ZX, Zhang DY, Yang YC, Fu SA, Zhang ZQ, Yang RH, Xiong K. A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:453. [PMID: 34380571 PMCID: PMC8359037 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Dan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Chao Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shen-Ao Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zai-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Rong-Hua Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, #81, Lingnan North Road, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Morphological Sciences Building, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, China.
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32
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Trela E, Lan Q, Myllymäki SM, Villeneuve C, Lindström R, Kumar V, Wickström SA, Mikkola ML. Cell influx and contractile actomyosin force drive mammary bud growth and invagination. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202008062. [PMID: 34042944 PMCID: PMC8164091 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland develops from the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis and proceeds through morphological phases defined as placode, hillock, bud, and bulb stages followed by branching morphogenesis. During this early morphogenesis, the mammary bud undergoes an invagination process where the thickened bud initially protrudes above the surface epithelium and then transforms to a bulb and sinks into the underlying mesenchyme. The signaling pathways regulating the early morphogenetic steps have been identified to some extent, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we use 3D and 4D confocal microscopy to show that the early growth of the mammary rudiment is accomplished by migration-driven cell influx, with minor contributions of cell hypertrophy and proliferation. We delineate a hitherto undescribed invagination mechanism driven by thin, elongated keratinocytes-ring cells-that form a contractile rim around the mammary bud and likely exert force via the actomyosin network. Furthermore, we show that conditional deletion of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) impairs invagination, resulting in abnormal mammary bud shape.
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MESH Headings
- Actomyosin/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Hypertrophy
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/ultrastructure
- Mammary Glands, Animal/embryology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Morphogenesis
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Trela
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clémentine Villeneuve
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lindström
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara A. Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marja L. Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158235. [PMID: 34361001 PMCID: PMC8348627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal progenitor cells divide symmetrically and asymmetrically to form stratified epidermis and hair follicles during late embryonic development. Flightless I (Flii), an actin remodelling protein, is implicated in Wnt/β-cat and integrin signalling pathways that govern cell division. This study investigated the effect of altering Flii on the divisional orientation of epidermal progenitor cells (EpSCs) in the basal layer during late murine embryonic development and early adolescence. The effect of altering Flii expression on asymmetric vs. symmetric division was assessed in vitro in adult human primary keratinocytes and in vivo at late embryonic development stages (E16, E17 and E19) as well as adolescence (P21 day-old) in mice with altered Flii expression (Flii knockdown: Flii+/−, wild type: WT, transgenic Flii overexpressing: FliiTg/Tg) using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Flii+/− embryonic skin showed increased asymmetrical cell division of EpSCs with an increase in epidermal stratification and elevated talin, activated-Itgb1 and Par3 expression. FliiTg/Tg led to increased symmetrical cell division of EpSCs with increased cell proliferation rate, an elevated epidermal SOX9, Flap1 and β-cat expression, a thinner epidermis, but increased hair follicle number and depth. Flii promotes symmetric division of epidermal progenitor cells during murine embryonic development.
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34
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Weterings SDC, van Oostrom MJ, Sonnen KF. Building bridges between fields: bringing together development and homeostasis. Development 2021; 148:270964. [PMID: 34279592 PMCID: PMC8326920 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite striking parallels between the fields of developmental biology and adult tissue homeostasis, these are disconnected in contemporary research. Although development describes tissue generation and homeostasis describes tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells at the single-cell level and establishment of patterns at the tissue-wide level. Here, we emphasize that the general principles of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis are similar, and argue that interactions between these disciplines will be beneficial for both research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja D C Weterings
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marek J van Oostrom
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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35
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Xia L, Yang F, Wu X, Li S, Kan C, Zheng H, Wang S. SHP2 inhibition enhances the anticancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant lung adenocarcinoma by blocking CXCL8 loop mediated stemness. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:337. [PMID: 34217295 PMCID: PMC8254369 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Additional epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations confer the drug resistance to generations of EGFR targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), posing a major challenge to developing effective treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The strategy of combining EGFR-TKI with other synergistic or sensitizing therapeutic agents are considered a promising approach in the era of precision medicine. Moreover, the role and mechanism of SHP2, which is involved in cell proliferation, cytokine production, stemness maintenance and drug resistance, has not been carefully explored in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS To evaluate the impact of SHP2 on the efficacy of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells to Osimertinib, SHP2 inhibition was tested in Osimertinib treated LUAD cells. Cell proliferation and stemness were tested in SHP2 modified LUAD cells. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the mechanism of SHP2 promoted stemness. RESULTS This study demonstrated that high SHP2 expression level correlates with poor outcome of LUAD patients, and SHP2 expression is enriched in Osimertinib resistant LUAD cells. SHP2 inhibition suppressed the cell proliferation and damaged the stemness of EGFR T790M mutant LUAD. SHP2 facilitates the secretion of CXCL8 cytokine from the EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells, through a CXCL8-CXCR1/2 positive feedback loop that promotes stemness and tumorigenesis. Our results further show that SHP2 mediates CXCL8-CXCR1/2 feedback loop through ERK-AKT-NFκB and GSK3β-β-Catenin signaling in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that SHP2 inhibition enhances the anti-cancer effect of Osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD by blocking CXCL8-CXCR1/2 loop mediated stemness, which may help provide an alternative therapeutic option to enhance the clinical efficacy of osimertinib in EGFR T790M mutant LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Xia
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Hematology, The Third affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Hematology, The fourth affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suzhi Li
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Kan
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Basic College of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Laboratory Center for Medical Science Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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36
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Morinaga H, Mohri Y, Grachtchouk M, Asakawa K, Matsumura H, Oshima M, Takayama N, Kato T, Nishimori Y, Sorimachi Y, Takubo K, Suganami T, Iwama A, Iwakura Y, Dlugosz AA, Nishimura EK. Obesity accelerates hair thinning by stem cell-centric converging mechanisms. Nature 2021; 595:266-271. [PMID: 34163066 PMCID: PMC9600322 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that predisposes individuals to many age-associated diseases, but its exact effects on organ dysfunction are largely unknown1. Hair follicles-mini-epithelial organs that grow hair-are miniaturized by ageing to cause hair loss through the depletion of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs)2. Here we report that obesity-induced stress, such as that induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), targets HFSCs to accelerate hair thinning. Chronological gene expression analysis revealed that HFD feeding for four consecutive days in young mice directed activated HFSCs towards epidermal keratinization by generating excess reactive oxygen species, but did not reduce the pool of HFSCs. Integrative analysis using stem cell fate tracing, epigenetics and reverse genetics showed that further feeding with an HFD subsequently induced lipid droplets and NF-κB activation within HFSCs via autocrine and/or paracrine IL-1R signalling. These integrated factors converge on the marked inhibition of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal transduction in HFSCs, thereby further depleting lipid-laden HFSCs through their aberrant differentiation and inducing hair follicle miniaturization and eventual hair loss. Conversely, transgenic or pharmacological activation of SHH rescued HFD-induced hair loss. These data collectively demonstrate that stem cell inflammatory signals induced by obesity robustly represses organ regeneration signals to accelerate the miniaturization of mini-organs, and suggests the importance of daily prevention of organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Morinaga
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Marina Grachtchouk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishimori
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Centre for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Andrzej A. Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emi K. Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.,Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Emi K. Nishimura.
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Abstract
Tissue stem cells are generated from a population of embryonic progenitors through organ-specific morphogenetic events1,2. Although tissue stem cells are central to organ homeostasis and regeneration, it remains unclear how they are induced during development, mainly because of the lack of markers that exclusively label prospective stem cells. Here we combine marker-independent long-term 3D live imaging and single-cell transcriptomics to capture a dynamic lineage progression and transcriptome changes in the entire epithelium of the mouse hair follicle as it develops. We found that the precursors of different epithelial lineages were aligned in a 2D concentric manner in the basal layer of the hair placode. Each concentric ring acquired unique transcriptomes and extended to form longitudinally aligned, 3D cylindrical compartments. Prospective bulge stem cells were derived from the peripheral ring of the placode basal layer, but not from suprabasal cells (as was previously suggested3). The fate of placode cells is determined by the cell position, rather than by the orientation of cell division. We also identified 13 gene clusters: the ensemble expression dynamics of these clusters drew the entire transcriptional landscape of epithelial lineage diversification, consistent with cell lineage data. Combining these findings with previous work on the development of appendages in insects4,5, we describe the 'telescope model', a generalized model for the development of ectodermal organs in which 2D concentric zones in the placode telescope out to form 3D longitudinally aligned cylindrical compartments.
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Junyent S, Reeves JC, Szczerkowski JLA, Garcin CL, Trieu TJ, Wilson M, Lundie-Brown J, Habib SJ. Wnt- and glutamate-receptors orchestrate stem cell dynamics and asymmetric cell division. eLife 2021; 10:59791. [PMID: 34028355 PMCID: PMC8177892 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt-pathway is part of a signalling network that regulates many aspects of cell biology. Recently, we discovered crosstalk between AMPA/Kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and the Wnt-pathway during the initial Wnt3a-interaction at the cytonemes of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we demonstrate that this crosstalk persists throughout the Wnt3a-response in ESCs. Both AMPA and Kainate receptors regulate early Wnt3a-recruitment, dynamics on the cell membrane, and orientation of the spindle towards a Wnt3a-source at mitosis. AMPA receptors specifically are required for segregating cell fate components during Wnt3a-mediated asymmetric cell division (ACD). Using Wnt-pathway component knockout lines, we determine that Wnt co-receptor Lrp6 has particular functionality over Lrp5 in cytoneme formation, and in facilitating ACD. Both Lrp5 and 6, alongside pathway effector β-catenin act in concert to mediate the positioning of the dynamic interaction with, and spindle orientation to, a localised Wnt3a-source. Wnt-iGluR crosstalk may prove pervasive throughout embryonic and adult stem cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Junyent
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua C Reeves
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James LA Szczerkowski
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare L Garcin
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tung-Jui Trieu
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jethro Lundie-Brown
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shukry J Habib
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Micewicz ED, Damoiseaux RD, Deng G, Gomez A, Iwamoto KS, Jung ME, Nguyen C, Norris AJ, Ratikan JA, Ruchala P, Sayre JW, Schaue D, Whitelegge JP, McBride WH. Classes of Drugs that Mitigate Radiation Syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666776. [PMID: 34084139 PMCID: PMC8167044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported several vignettes on types and classes of drugs able to mitigate acute and, in at least one case, late radiation syndromes in mice. Most of these had emerged from high throughput screening (HTS) of bioactive and chemical drug libraries using ionizing radiation-induced lymphocytic apoptosis as a readout. Here we report the full analysis of the HTS screen of libraries with 85,000 small molecule chemicals that identified 220 "hits." Most of these hits could be allocated by maximal common substructure analysis to one of 11 clusters each containing at least three active compounds. Further screening validated 23 compounds as being most active; 15 of these were cherry-picked based on drug availability and tested for their ability to mitigate acute hematopoietic radiation syndrome (H-ARS) in mice. Of these, five bore a 4-nitrophenylsulfonamide motif while 4 had a quinoline scaffold. All but two of the 15 significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated H-ARS in mice. We had previously reported that the lead 4-(nitrophenylsulfonyl)-4-phenylpiperazine compound (NPSP512), was active in mitigating multiple acute and late radiation syndromes in mice of more than one sex and strain. Unfortunately, the formulation of this drug had to be changed for regulatory reasons and we report here on the synthesis and testing of active analogs of NPSP512 (QS1 and 52A1) that have increased solubility in water and in vivo bioavailability while retaining mitigator activity against H-ARS (p < 0.0001) and other radiation syndromes. The lead quinoline 057 was also active in multiple murine models of radiation damage. Taken together, HTS of a total of 150,000 bioactive or chemical substances, combined with maximal common substructure analysis has resulted in the discovery of diverse groups of compounds that can mitigate H-ARS and at least some of which can mitigate multiple radiation syndromes when given starting 24 h after exposure. We discuss what is known about how these agents might work, and the importance of formulation and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D. Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert D. Damoiseaux
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adrian Gomez
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keisuke S. Iwamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael E. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Josephine A. Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James W. Sayre
- Department of Biostatistics and Radiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William H. McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Humphries B, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of Breast Cancer Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3756. [PMID: 33916548 PMCID: PMC8038508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of breast cancer have demonstrated that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs, also known as tumor-initiating cell (TICs)) are central for progression and recurrence. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells present in breast tumors that contribute to growth, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence, leading to poor clinical outcome. Data have shown that cancer cells can gain characteristics of CSCs, or stemness, through alterations in key signaling pathways. The dysregulation of miRNA expression and signaling have been well-documented in cancer, and recent studies have shown that miRNAs are associated with breast cancer initiation, progression, and recurrence through regulating CSC characteristics. More specifically, miRNAs directly target central signaling nodes within pathways that can drive the formation, maintenance, and even inhibition of the CSC population. This review aims to summarize these research findings specifically in the context of breast cancer. This review also discusses miRNAs as biomarkers and promising clinical therapeutics, and presents a comprehensive summary of currently validated targets involved in CSC-specific signaling pathways in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
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Dutta SD, Patel DK, Jin B, Choi SI, Lee OH, Lim KT. Effects of Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:264. [PMID: 33576449 PMCID: PMC7893721 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, commonly known as gondre, is a perennial herb that grows predominantly in South Korea. It contains several bioactive phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic extracts of gondre on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). As characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser deposition/ionization (time-of-flight) mass spectrometry, the methanol extract of gondre was found to be enriched with pectolinarin. After 48 h, enhanced viability of hPDLSCs was observed in the presence of gondre compared with under control conditions, suggesting the biocompatibility of gondre. Notably, biocompatibility was markedly affected by gondre concentration in cultured media. Relatively high cell viability was observed in medium containing 0.05% gondre. Furthermore, mineralization was significantly higher in hPDLSCs in the presence of gondre compared with that in control cells, indicating their mineralization potential. Increased expression of various transcription markers, such as collagen 1, runt-related transcription factor 2, bone sialoprotein and alkaline phosphatase, was also detected when hPDLSCs were stimulated with gondre compared with in the control groups, further confirming the superior osteogenic potential of gondre extract for tissue engineering applications, particularly in bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh K Patel
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249736. [PMID: 33419358 PMCID: PMC7766199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs.
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Daszczuk P, Mazurek P, Pieczonka TD, Olczak A, Boryń ŁM, Kobielak K. An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell Activities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595178. [PMID: 33363148 PMCID: PMC7758224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores and summarizes recent progress in and the characterization of main players in the regulation and cyclic regeneration of hair follicles. The review discusses current views and discoveries on the molecular mechanisms that allow hair follicle stem cells (hfSCs) to synergistically integrate homeostasis during quiescence and activation. Discussion elaborates on a model that shows how different populations of skin stem cells coalesce intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, resulting in the maintenance of stemness and hair regenerative potential during an organism’s lifespan. Primarily, we focus on the question of how the intrinsic oscillation of gene networks in hfSCs sense and respond to the surrounding niche environment. The review also investigates the existence of a cell-autonomous mechanism and the reciprocal interactions between molecular signaling axes in hfSCs and niche components, which demonstrates its critical driving force in either the activation of whole mini-organ regeneration or quiescent homeostasis maintenance. These exciting novel discoveries in skin stem cells and the surrounding niche components propose a model of the intrinsic stem cell oscillator which is potentially instructive for translational regenerative medicine. Further studies, deciphering of the distribution of molecular signals coupled with the nature of their oscillation within the stem cells and niche environments, may impact the speed and efficiency of various approaches that could stimulate the development of self-renewal and cell-based therapies for hair follicle stem cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Daszczuk
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Mazurek
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz D Pieczonka
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Olczak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Boryń
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kobielak
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, Development and Tissue Regeneration, Centre of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw (UW), Warsaw, Poland
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Differentiated Daughter Cells Regulate Stem Cell Proliferation and Fate through Intra-tissue Tension. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:436-452.e5. [PMID: 33264636 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal stem cells fuel development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the epidermis. The proliferation and fate decisions of these cells are highly regulated by their microenvironment, including the basement membrane and underlying mesenchymal cells. Basal progenitors give rise to differentiated progeny that generate the epidermal barrier. Here, we present data that differentiated progeny also regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of basal progenitor cells. Using two distinct mouse lines, we found that increasing contractility of differentiated cells resulted in non-cell-autonomous hyperproliferation of stem cells and prevented their commitment to a hair follicle lineage. This increased contractility also impaired movement of basal progenitors during hair placode morphogenesis and diminished migration of melanoblasts. These data suggest that intra-tissue tension regulates stem cell proliferation, fate decisions, and migration and that differentiated epidermal keratinocytes are a component of the stem cell niche that regulates development and homeostasis of the skin.
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46
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Roles for microtubules in the proliferative and differentiated cells of stratified epithelia. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:98-104. [PMID: 33186891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While microtubule dynamics and organization have been extensively studied invitro, both biochemically and in cultured cells, recent work has begun to extend this into tissues ex vivo and organisms in vivo. Advances in genetic tools and imaging technology have allowed studies on the dynamics, function, and organization of microtubules in the stratified epithelia of the epidermis. Here, we discuss recent work that highlights the varied roles that microtubules play in supporting epidermal function. These findings demonstrate that studying microtubules in tissues has revealed not only novel aspects of epidermal biology but also new principles of microtubule regulation.
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Jiang D, Christ S, Correa-Gallegos D, Ramesh P, Kalgudde Gopal S, Wannemacher J, Mayr CH, Lupperger V, Yu Q, Ye H, Mück-Häusl M, Rajendran V, Wan L, Liu J, Mirastschijski U, Volz T, Marr C, Schiller HB, Rinkevich Y. Injury triggers fascia fibroblast collective cell migration to drive scar formation through N-cadherin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5653. [PMID: 33159076 PMCID: PMC7648088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scars are more severe when the subcutaneous fascia beneath the dermis is injured upon surgical or traumatic wounding. Here, we present a detailed analysis of fascia cell mobilisation by using deep tissue intravital live imaging of acute surgical wounds, fibroblast lineage-specific transgenic mice, and skin-fascia explants (scar-like tissue in a dish - SCAD). We observe that injury triggers a swarming-like collective cell migration of fascia fibroblasts that progressively contracts the skin and form scars. Swarming is exclusive to fascia fibroblasts, and requires the upregulation of N-cadherin. Both swarming and N-cadherin expression are absent from fibroblasts in the upper skin layers and the oral mucosa, tissues that repair wounds with minimal scar. Impeding N-cadherin binding inhibits swarming and skin contraction, and leads to reduced scarring in SCADs and in animals. Fibroblast swarming and N-cadherin thus provide therapeutic avenues to curtail fascia mobilisation and pathological fibrotic responses across a range of medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Jiang
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Christ
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Pushkar Ramesh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Shruthi Kalgudde Gopal
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Wannemacher
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph H Mayr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Systems Medicine of Chronic Lung Disease, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerio Lupperger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Computational Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Qing Yu
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Haifeng Ye
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Mück-Häusl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Vijayanand Rajendran
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Li Wan
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Liu
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Mirastschijski
- Mira-Beau gender esthetics, Berlin, Germany
- Wound Repair Unit, CBIB, Faculty of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Computational Biology, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Systems Medicine of Chronic Lung Disease, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Group Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
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48
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Bhoopalam M, Garza LA, Reddy SK. Wound Induced Hair Neogenesis - A Novel Paradigm for Studying Regeneration and Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582346. [PMID: 33178696 PMCID: PMC7593594 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles are the signature dermal appendage of mammals. They can be thought of as mini-organs with defined polarity, distinct constituent cell types, dedicated neurovascular supply, and specific stem cell compartments. Strikingly, some mammals show a capacity for adult hair follicle regeneration in a phenomenon known as wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN). In WIHN functional hair follicles reemerge during healing of large cutaneous wounds, and they can be counted to provide an index of regeneration. While age-related decline in hair follicle number and cycling are widely appreciated in normal physiology, it is less clear whether hair follicle regeneration also diminishes with age. WIHN provides an extraordinary quantitative system to address questions of mammalian regeneration and aging. Here we review cellular and molecular underpinnings of WIHN, explore known age-related changes to these elements, and present unanswered questions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myan Bhoopalam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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50
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Saxena N, Mok KW, Rendl M. An updated classification of hair follicle morphogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:332-344. [PMID: 30887615 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle (HF) formation in developing embryonic skin requires stepwise signalling between the epithelial epidermis and mesenchymal dermis, and their specialized derivatives, the placode/germ/peg and dermal condensate/papilla, respectively. Classically, distinct stages of HF morphogenesis have been defined, in the mouse model, based on (a) changes in cell morphology and aggregation; (b) expression of few known molecular markers; (c) the extent of follicle downgrowth; and (d) the presence of differentiating cell types. Refined genetic strategies and recent emerging technologies, such as live imaging and transcriptome analyses of isolated cell populations or single cells, have enabled a closer dissection of the signalling requirements at different stages of HF formation, particularly early on. They have also led to the discovery of precursor cells for placode, dermal condensate and future bulge stem cells that, combined with molecular insights into their fate specification and subsequent formation, serve as novel landmarks for early HF morphogenetic events and studies of the signalling networks mediating these processes. In this review, we integrate the emergence of HF precursor cell states and novel molecular markers of fate and formation to update the widely used 20-year-old seminal classification guide of HF morphogenetic stages by Paus et al. We then temporally describe the latest insights into the early cellular and molecular events and signalling requirements for HF morphogenesis in relation to one another in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Saxena
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ka-Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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