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Xu M, Li S. The opportunities and challenges of using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for leukemia treatment. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216969. [PMID: 38768681 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia poses a significant clinical challenge due to its swift onset, rapid progression, and treatment-related complications. Tumor immune evasion, facilitated by immune checkpoints like programmed death receptor 1/programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), plays a critical role in leukemia pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we summarized the research progress and therapeutic potential of PD-L1 in leukemia, focusing on targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising outcomes with PD-L1 inhibitors, highlighting their role in enhancing treatment efficacy. This review discusses the implications of PD-L1 expression levels on treatment response and long-term survival rates in leukemia patients. Furthermore, we address the challenges and opportunities in immunotherapy, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches and combination therapies to optimize PD-L1 inhibition in leukemia management. Future research prospects include exploring novel treatment strategies and addressing immune-related adverse events to improve clinical outcomes in leukemia. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the role of PD-L1 in leukemia and its potential as a therapeutic target in the evolving landscape of leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Xu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China; Institute of Cancer Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Second Ward of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China; The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on Gastrointestinal Tumor Combining Medicine with Engineering, China; Institute of Cancer Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning Province, China.
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2
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Zhu J, Wang L. The Role of lncRNA-miR-26a-mRNA Network in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1443-1461. [PMID: 37730965 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-coding RNAs in regulating biological processes associated with cancer progression, such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, has been extensively studied. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in regulating these processes through various mechanisms, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications. In post-transcriptional regulation, lncRNAs can bind to specific miRNAs and affect their function, which can either promote or inhibit cancer development. The interaction between lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs forms a network known as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which is involved in cancer progression or inhibition. One specific miRNA called miR-26a-5p has been identified as having tumor-suppressive properties. However, when lncRNAs bind to and inhibit miR-26a-5p, it can lead to cancer progression. Therefore, targeting this ceRNA network could be a promising strategy for preventing cancer development. This review will first discuss the anticancer effects of miR-26a-5p and then explore the involvement of the lncRNA-miR26a-5p-mRNA axis in cancer progression and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Daye People's Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pengren Hospital, Daye, Hubei, 435100, China
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Lv JT, Jiao YT, Han XL, Cao YJ, Lv XK, Du J, Hou J. Integrating p53-associated genes and infiltrating immune cell characterization as a prognostic biomarker in multiple myeloma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30123. [PMID: 38699735 PMCID: PMC11063508 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor genetic anomalies and immune dysregulation are pivotal in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Accurate patient stratification is essential for effective MM management, yet current models fail to comprehensively incorporate both molecular and immune profiles. Methods We examined 776 samples from the MMRF CoMMpass database, employing univariate regression with LASSO and CIBERSORT algorithms to identify 15 p53-related genes and six immune cells with prognostic significance in MM. A p53-TIC (tumor-infiltrating immune cells) classifier was constructed by calculating scores using the bootstrap-multicox method, which was further validated externally (GSE136337) and through ten-fold internal cross-validation for its predictive reliability and robustness. Results The p53-TIC classifier demonstrated excellent performance in predicting the prognosis in MM. Specifically, patients in the p53low/TIChigh subgroup had the most favorable prognosis and the lowest tumor mutational burden (TMB). Conversely, those in the p53high/TIClow subgroup, with the least favorable prognosis and the highest TMB, were predicted to have the best anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 response rate (40 %), which can be explained by their higher expression of PD1 and CTLA4. The three-year area under the curve (AUC) was 0.80 in the total sample. Conclusions Our study highlights the potential of an integrated analysis of p53-associated genes and TIC in predicting prognosis and aiding clinical decision-making in MM patients. This finding underscores the significance of comprehending the intricate interplay between genetic abnormalities and immune dysfunction in MM. Further research into this area may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Lv
- Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, 519000, China
| | - Yu-Tian Jiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin-Le Han
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yang-Jia Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xu-Kun Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Hematology, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Sampaio LR, Viana MDA, de Oliveira VS, Ferreira BV, Melo MML, de Oliveira RTG, Borges DDP, Magalhãesa SMM, Pinheiro RF. High PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical features in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:146-152. [PMID: 37543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system response that allow self-tolerance. Molecules such as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and its Ligand (PD-L1) participate in the immune checkpoint by signaling co-inhibition of lymphocyte responses. In cancers, PD-L1 expression is associated with the immune evasion mechanism, which favors tumor growth. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs is already well described in solid tumors, but still not fully understood in hematologic malignancies. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are heterogeneous bone marrow disorders with an increased risk of progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The MDS affects hematopoietic stem cells and its pathogenesis is linked to genetic and epigenetic defects, in addition to immune dysregulation. The influence of the PD-L1 on the MDS remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 in 53 patients with MDS, classified according to the WHO 2016 Classification. RESULTS Patients with dyserythropoiesis presented significantly higher PD-L1 expression than patients without dyserythropoiesis (p= 0.050). Patients classified as having MDS with an excess of blasts 2 (MDS-EB2) presented a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 compared to the MDS with an excess of blasts 1 (MDS-EB1) (p= 0.050). Furthermore, we detected three patients with very high levels of PD-L1 expression, being statistically classified as outliers. CONCLUSION We suggested that the high expression of the PD-L1 is associated with a worse prognosis in the MDS and functional studies are necessary to evaluate the possible use of anti-PD-L1 therapies for high-risk MDS, such as the MDS-EBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Aguiar Viana
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vitoriano Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayara Magna Lima Melo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhãesa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronald F Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Nappi F. Non-Coding RNA-Targeted Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3630. [PMID: 38612441 PMCID: PMC11011542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as drug targets is being researched due to their discovery and their role in disease. Targeting ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is an attractive approach for treating various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. This seminar discusses the current status of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets in different pathological conditions. Regarding miRNA-based drugs, this approach has made significant progress in preclinical and clinical testing for cardiovascular diseases, where the limitations of conventional pharmacotherapy are evident. The challenges of miRNA-based drugs, including specificity, delivery, and tolerability, will be discussed. New approaches to improve their success will be explored. Furthermore, it extensively discusses the potential development of targeted therapies for cardiovascular disease. Finally, this document reports on the recent advances in identifying and characterizing microRNAs, manipulating them, and translating them into clinical applications. It also addresses the challenges and perspectives towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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Zhao B, Zheng X, Wang Y, Cheng N, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang F, Qi X, Zhuang Q, Wang Y, Liu X. Lnc-CCNH-8 promotes immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102125. [PMID: 38356866 PMCID: PMC10865404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have enabled breakthroughs in the clinical treatment of patients with HCC, but the overall response rate to ICIs in HCC patients is still low, and no validated biomarker is available to guide clinical decision making. Here, we demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA Lnc-CCNH-8 is highly expressed in HCC and correlates with poor prognosis. Functionally, elevated Lnc-CCNH-8 inactivated co-cultured T cells in vitro and compromised antitumor immunity in an immunocompetent mouse model. Mechanistically, up-regulated Lnc-CCNH-8 can sponge microRNA (miR)-217 to regulate the expression of PD-L1. In addition, Lnc-CCNH-8 can also stabilize PD-L1 through miR-3173/PKP3 axis. Furthermore, mice bearing tumors with high Lnc-CCNH-8 expression had significant therapeutic sensitivity to anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment. More important, HCC patients with high levels of plasma exosomal Lnc-CCNH-8 had a better therapeutic response to ICIs. Taken together, our results reveal the function of Lnc-CCNH-8 in inducing immune escape from CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing by up-regulating PD-L1 in a miR-217/miR-3173-dependent manner, which also reveals a novel mechanism of PD-L1 regulation in HCC, and exosomal Lnc-CCNH-8 can serve as a predictive marker for immunotherapy response in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Niangmei Cheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhong
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Huang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhuang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P.R. China
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumors, Fuzhou 350025, P.R. China
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Salehi A. A novel therapeutic strategy: the significance of exosomal miRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2024; 41:62. [PMID: 38253748 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing blood cancer that interferes with the normal growth of blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by its unpredictable outlook and high death rate. The main treatment for AML is chemotherapy, but this often results in drug resistance and the possibility of the disease returning. For this reason, new biomarkers are necessary to diagnose, predict, and treat this disease. Research has demonstrated that cells responsible for AML release exosomes that interact with the disease's microenvironment. These exosomes have significant roles in promoting leukemia growth, suppressing normal hematopoiesis, facilitating angiogenesis, and contributing to drug resistance in AML. Further investigations have shown that these exosomes contain miRNAs, which are transferred to target cells and have functional roles. Biomarkers are utilized to assess various aspects of tumor cell behavior, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, changes in the microenvironment, transfer of drug resistance, and stability in serum and blood plasma. In this research, we showed that exosomal miRNAs and exosomes have the potential to be used as indicators for detecting various phases of AML and can aid in its medical treatment. Furthermore, they can be specifically targeted for therapeutic purposes in addressing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salehi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of New Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Chen Z, Li C, Huang H, Shi YL, Wang X. Research Progress of Aging-related MicroRNAs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:334-350. [PMID: 36892029 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230308111043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence refers to the irreversible state in which cells enter cell cycle arrest due to internal or external stimuli. The accumulation of senescent cells can lead to many age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that bind to target mRNA to regulate gene expression after transcription and play an important regulatory role in the aging process. From nematodes to humans, a variety of miRNAs have been confirmed to alter and affect the aging process. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in aging can further deepen our understanding of cell and body aging and provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of aging-related diseases. In this review, we illustrate the current research status of miRNAs in aging and discuss the possible prospects for clinical applications of targeting miRNAs in senile diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Chenxu Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Yi-Ling Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
- Key Laboratory of University Cell Biology, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
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9
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Choi JG, Ha KT, Chung HS. Cosmosiin Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Inducing ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 38136250 PMCID: PMC10740471 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, particularly those concerning immune checkpoint inhibitors, have transformed cancer treatment in recent years. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key target for immunotherapy that is overexpressed in the cells of colorectal cancer, a widespread malignant cancer that poses a significant healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of cosmosiin treatment on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cosmosiin is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside compound that has potential health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study showed that cosmosiin effectively suppresses the expression of PD-L1 and triggers apoptosis, which is facilitated through pathways that are related to reactive oxygen species. These outcomes suggest that cosmosiin could be a promising candidate for an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Deng R, Chen S, Deng S, Hu Q, Xu B, Li J, He Z, Peng M, Lei S, Ma T, Chen Z, Zhu H, Zuo C. Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes immune evasion of gastric cancer by upregulating PD-L1 level in exosomes. iScience 2023; 26:108414. [PMID: 38047083 PMCID: PMC10692710 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) may promote immune evasion of Hp-infected gastric cancer (GC), but potential mechanisms are still under explored. In this study, the positive rates of CagA and PD-L1 protein in tumor tissues and the high level of exosomal PD-L1 protein in plasma exosomes were significantly associated with the elevated stages of tumor node metastasis (TNM) in Hp-infected GC. Moreover, the positive rate of CagA was positively correlated with the positive rate of PD-L1 in tumor tissues and the level of PD-L1 protein in plasma exosomes, and high level of exosomal PD-L1 might indicate poor prognosis of Hp-infected GC. Mechanically, CagA increased PD-L1 level in exosomes derived from GC cells by inhibiting p53 and miRNA-34a, suppressing proliferation and anticancer effect of CD8+ T cells. This study provides sights for understanding immune evasion mediated by PD-L1. Targeting CagA and exosomal PD-L1 may improve immunotherapy efficacy of Hp-infected GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Rilin Deng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Biaoming Xu
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo He
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Sanlin Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tiexiang Ma
- The Third Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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11
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Dioken DN, Ozgul I, Yilmazbilek I, Yakicier MC, Karaca E, Erson-Bensan AE. An alternatively spliced PD-L1 isoform PD-L1∆3, and PD-L2 expression in breast cancers: implications for eligibility scoring and immunotherapy response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4065-4075. [PMID: 37768345 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has shown substantial therapeutic response and unprecedented long-term durable responses in the clinic. However, several challenges persist, encompassing the prediction of treatment effectiveness and patient responses, the emergence of treatment resistance, and the necessity for additional biomarkers. Consequently, we comprehensively explored the often-overlooked isoforms of crucial immunotherapy players, leveraging transcriptomic analysis, structural modeling, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) data. Our investigation has led to the identification of an alternatively spliced isoform of PD-L1 that lacks exon 3 (PD-L1∆3) and the IgV domain required to interact with PD-1. PD-L1∆3 is expressed more than the canonical isoform in a subset of breast cancers and other TCGA tumors. Using the deep learning-based protein modeling tool AlphaFold2, we show the lack of a possible interaction between PD-L1∆3 and PD-1. In addition, we present data on the expression of an additional ligand for PD-1, PD-L2. PD-L2 expression is widespread and positively correlates with PD-L1 levels in breast and other tumors. We report enriched epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature in high PD-L2 transcript expressing (PD-L2 > PD-L1) tumors in all breast cancer subtypes, highlighting potential crosstalk between EMT and immune evasion. Notably, the estrogen gene signature is downregulated in ER + breast tumors with high PD-L2. The data on PD-L2 IHC positivity but PD-L1 negativity in breast tumors, together with our results on PD-L1∆3, highlight the need to utilize PD-L2 and PD-L1 isoform-specific antibodies for staining patient tissue sections to offer a more precise prediction of the outcomes of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Naz Dioken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Dumlupinar Blv No:1 Universiteler Mah, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ibrahim Ozgul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Dumlupinar Blv No:1 Universiteler Mah, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Irem Yilmazbilek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Dumlupinar Blv No:1 Universiteler Mah, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Cengiz Yakicier
- AQUARIUS/NPG Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Kucukbakkalkoy Mah. Kayisdagi Cad. 137/6 Atasehir, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Karaca
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Türkiye
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Dumlupinar Blv No:1 Universiteler Mah, Cankaya, 06800, Ankara, Türkiye.
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12
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Szczepanek J, Tretyn A. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Histone-Modifying Enzymes in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 38002272 PMCID: PMC10669115 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, significant advances in molecular research have provided a deeper understanding of the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs, short non-coding RNA sequences, exert substantial influence on gene expression by repressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. In the context of cancer, miRNA dysregulation is prevalent and closely associated with various stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and metastasis. One crucial aspect of the cancer phenotype is the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that govern chromatin accessibility for transcription factors, thus impacting gene expression. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a significant role in modulating these histone-modifying enzymes, leading to significant implications for genes related to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of current research on the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes in the context of cancer. Both direct and indirect mechanisms through which miRNAs influence enzyme expression are discussed. Additionally, potential therapeutic implications arising from miRNA manipulation to selectively impact histone-modifying enzyme activity are presented. The insights from this analysis hold significant therapeutic promise, suggesting the utility of miRNAs as tools for the precise regulation of chromatin-related processes and gene expression. A contemporary focus on molecular regulatory mechanisms opens therapeutic pathways that can effectively influence the control of tumor cell growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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13
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Fu J, Imani S, Wu MY, Wu RC. MicroRNA-34 Family in Cancers: Role, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4723. [PMID: 37835417 PMCID: PMC10571940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play vital roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The dysregulation of miRNA has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including cancers. miR-34 family members (miR-34s), including miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c, have emerged as the most extensively studied tumor-suppressive miRNAs. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an overview of the major signaling pathways and gene networks regulated by miR-34s in various cancers and highlight the critical tumor suppressor role of miR-34s. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential of using miR-34 mimics as a novel therapeutic approach against cancer, while also addressing the challenges associated with their development and delivery. It is anticipated that gaining a deeper understanding of the functions and mechanisms of miR-34s in cancer will greatly contribute to the development of effective miR-34-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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14
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Abdelaal AM, Sohal IS, Iyer S, Sudarshan K, Kothandaraman H, Lanman NA, Low PS, Kasinski AL. A first-in-class fully modified version of miR-34a with outstanding stability, activity, and anti-tumor efficacy. Oncogene 2023; 42:2985-2999. [PMID: 37666938 PMCID: PMC10541324 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered by defects in p53, epigenetic silencing, and genomic loss, the microRNA miR-34a represents one of the most clinically relevant tumor-suppressive microRNAs. Without question, a striking number of patients with cancer would benefit from miR-34a replacement, if poor miR-34a stability, non-specific delivery, and delivery-associated toxicity could be overcome. Here, we highlight a fully modified version of miR-34a (FM-miR-34a) that overcomes these hurdles when conjugated to a synthetically simplistic ligand. FM-miR-34a is orders of magnitude more stable than a partially modified version, without compromising its activity, leading to stronger repression of a greater number of miR-34a targets. FM-miR-34a potently inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced sustained downregulation of endogenous target genes for >120 h following in vivo delivery. In vivo targeting was achieved through conjugating FM-miR-34a to folate (FM-FolamiR-34a), which inhibited tumor growth leading to complete cures in some mice. These results have the ability to revitalize miR-34a as an anti-cancer agent, providing a strong rationale for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdelaal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ikjot S Sohal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Shreyas Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kasireddy Sudarshan
- Department of of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harish Kothandaraman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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15
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Hoang Dong N, Audrey L, Leopold MN, Javier M, Hugues A, Luigi B, Gilles B, Scott MS, Sophie R. Osteoclast microRNA Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis to Capture the Erosive Factor. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10776. [PMID: 37614303 PMCID: PMC10443079 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), only a subset of patients develop irreversible bone destruction. Our aim was to identify a microRNA (miR)-based osteoclast-related signature predictive of erosiveness in RA. Seventy-six adults with erosive (E) or nonerosive (NE) seropositive RA and 43 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Twenty-five miRs from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived osteoclasts selected from RNA-Seq (discovery cohort) were assessed by qPCR (replication cohort), as were 33 target genes (direct targets or associated with regulated pathways). The top five miRs found differentially expressed in RA osteoclasts were either decreased (hsa-miR-34a-3p, 365b-3p, 374a-3p, and 511-3p [E versus NE]) or increased (hsa-miR-193b-3p [E versus controls]). In vitro, inhibition of miR-34a-3p had an impact on osteoclast bone resorption. An integrative network analysis of miRs and their targets highlighted correlations between mRNA and miR expression, both negative (CD38, CD80, SIRT1) and positive (MITF), and differential gene expression between NE versus E (GXYLT1, MITF) or versus controls (CD38, KLF4). Machine-learning models were used to evaluate the value of miRs and target genes, in combination with clinical data, to predict erosion. One model, including a set of miRs (predominantly 365b-3p) combined with rheumatoid factor titer, provided 70% accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.66). Adding genes directly targeted or belonging to related pathways improved the predictive power of the model for the erosive phenotype (78% accuracy, AUC 0.85). This proof-of-concept study indicates that identification of RA subjects at risk of erosions may be improved by studying miR expression in PBMC-derived osteoclasts, suggesting novel approaches toward personalized treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Lortie Audrey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Mbous Nguimbus Leopold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Marrugo Javier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Allard‐Chamard Hugues
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Bouchard Luigi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
- Department of Medical BiologyCIUSS du Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean Hôpital Universitaire de ChicoutimiSaguenayCanada
| | - Boire Gilles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Roux Sophie
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
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16
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Lin Q, Wang X, Hu Y. The opportunities and challenges in immunotherapy: Insights from the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2023:216318. [PMID: 37454966 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), on activated T cells facilitates cancer cells to evade the host immune system. Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction allowing reactivate cytotoxic T cells to eradicate advanced cancer cells. However, the majority of cancer patients fail to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and the molecular mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that PD-L1 expression level on tumor cells affect the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies. Thus, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells will be critical to improve clinical response rates and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immune therapies. Here we review recent studies, primarily focusing on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and protein level, with the purpose to drive the development of more targeted and effective anti-PD-1/PD-L1 cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
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17
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Pawłowska A, Rekowska A, Kuryło W, Pańczyszyn A, Kotarski J, Wertel I. Current Understanding on Why Ovarian Cancer Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10859. [PMID: 37446039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients, including debulking surgery and first-line chemotherapy, is unsatisfactory because of recurrent episodes in the majority (~70%) of patients with advanced OC. Clinical trials have shown only a modest (10-15%) response of OC individuals to treatment based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The resistance of OC to therapy is caused by various factors, including OC heterogeneity, low density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), non-cellular and cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as a network of microRNA regulating immune checkpoint pathways. Moreover, ICIs are the most efficient in tumors that are marked by high microsatellite instability and high tumor mutation burden, which is rare among OC patients. The great challenge in ICI implementation is connected with distinguishing hyper-, pseudo-, and real progression of the disease. The understanding of the immunological, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of OC resistance is crucial to selecting the group of OC individuals in whom personalized treatment would be beneficial. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the selected factors inducing OC resistance and discuss the future directions of ICI-based immunotherapy development for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawłowska
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rekowska
- Students' Scientific Association, Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Kuryło
- Students' Scientific Association, Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Pańczyszyn
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Hassel KR, Brito-Estrada O, Makarewich CA. Microproteins: Overlooked regulators of physiology and disease. iScience 2023; 26:106781. [PMID: 37213226 PMCID: PMC10199267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (<100 amino acids) originating from short open reading frames (sORFs). The recent discovery of numerous sORF-encoded proteins, termed microproteins, that play diverse roles in critical cellular processes has ignited the field of microprotein biology. Large-scale efforts are currently underway to identify sORF-encoded microproteins in diverse cell-types and tissues and specialized methods and tools have been developed to aid in their discovery, validation, and functional characterization. Microproteins that have been identified thus far play important roles in fundamental processes including ion transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress signaling. In this review, we discuss the optimized tools available for microprotein discovery and validation, summarize the biological functions of numerous microproteins, outline the promise for developing microproteins as therapeutic targets, and look forward to the future of the field of microprotein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira R. Hassel
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omar Brito-Estrada
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Catherine A. Makarewich
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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19
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Waryah C, Alves E, Mazzieri R, Dolcetti R, Thompson EW, Redfern A, Blancafort P. Unpacking the Complexity of Epithelial Plasticity: From Master Regulator Transcription Factors to Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3152. [PMID: 37370762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity in cancer enables adaptation to selective pressures and stress imposed by the tumor microenvironment. This plasticity facilitates the remodeling of cancer cell phenotype and function (such as tumor stemness, metastasis, chemo/radio resistance), and the reprogramming of the surrounding tumor microenvironment to enable immune evasion. Epithelial plasticity is one form of cellular plasticity, which is intrinsically linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Traditionally, EMT has been regarded as a binary state. Yet, increasing evidence suggests that EMT involves a spectrum of quasi-epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal phenotypes governed by complex interactions between cellular metabolism, transcriptome regulation, and epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the complex cross-talk between the different layers of epithelial plasticity in cancer, encompassing the core layer of transcription factors, their interacting epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs, and the manipulation of cancer immunogenicity in transitioning between epithelial and mesenchymal states. In examining these factors, we provide insights into promising therapeutic avenues and potential anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Waryah
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Eric Alves
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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20
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Zhao W, Li X, Ren Q, Wang Q, Liao C, Ding T, Li P, Liu J. Molecular mechanism of miRNA regulating PD-L1 expression. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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21
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Hojjatipour T, Maali A, Azad M. Natural killer cell epigenetic reprogramming in tumors and potential for cancer immunotherapy. Epigenomics 2023; 15:249-266. [PMID: 37125432 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical members of the innate lymphoid cell population and have a pivotal role in cancer eradication. NK cell maturation, development and function are tightly regulated by epigenetic modifications, which can also be recruited for cancer propagation and immune escape. NK cells have the potential to be activated against tumors through several epigenetic regulators. Given that epigenetic changes are inducible and reversible, focusing on aberrant epigenetic regulations recruited by tumor cells provides a tremendous opportunity for cancer treatment. This review presents a comprehensive picture of NK cell normal epigenetic regulation and cancer-driven epigenetic modifications. From our perspective, a better understanding of epigenetic regulators that can edit and revise NK cells' activity is a promising avenue for NK cell-based therapy in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Hojjatipour
- Department of Hematology & Blood Transfusion, Students Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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22
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Ren Y, Pan K, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhou X, Dan H, Chen Q, Ji N, Li J. circFANCA accelerates the malignant process of OSCC by modulating miR-34a/PA28γ signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:45-54. [PMID: 37148744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the upstream regulatory molecules of proteasomal activator 28γ (PA28γ), and explore its specific regulatory mechanism and potential clinical significance in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS qPCR was used to examine miR-34a, circFANCA and PSME3 expression. Western blotting was adopted to detect PA28γ expression. Transwell experiments were conducted to evaluate OSCC cell migration and invasion ability. FISH was used to evaluate the subcellular localization of circFANCA and miR-34a, and RNA pull-down verified the interaction between them. The expression of circFANCA and miR-34a in clinical cohorts was assessed by ISH, and the results were subjected to survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Here, we proved that miR-34a expression is lower in highly aggressive OSCC tissues and cell lines. Notably, miR-34a can downregulate PA28γ expression and inhibit OSCC invasion and migration. Next, we confirmed that circFANCA promoted OSCC cell metastatic ability by sponging miR-34a. Importantly, interfering with miR-34a rescued the malignant progression of OSCC induced by silencing circFANCA. Finally, clinical data showed lower miR-34a expression and higher circFANCA expression were associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. CONCLUSION The circFANCA/miR-34a/PA28γ axis facilitates the metastasis of OSCC, and circFANCA and miR-34a have potential to serve as prognostic markers for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Keran Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - HongXia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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23
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Sausen DG, Basith A, Muqeemuddin S. EBV and Lymphomagenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072133. [PMID: 37046794 PMCID: PMC10093459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) cannot be understated. Not only does it infect approximately 90% of the world’s population, but it is also associated with numerous pathologies. Diseases linked to this virus include hematologic malignancies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, and NK/T-cell lymphoma, epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Graves’ disease, and lupus. While treatment for these disease states is ever evolving, much work remains to more fully elucidate the relationship between EBV, its associated disease states, and their treatments. This paper begins with an overview of EBV latency and latency-associated proteins. It will then review EBV’s contributions to select hematologic malignancies with a focus on the contribution of latent proteins as well as their associated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ayeman Basith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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24
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Han Y, Fan X, Fan L, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Wang G, Guo L, Gao W, Chen Y, Gao Q. Liujunzi decoction exerts potent antitumor activity in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting miR-34a/STAT3/IL-6R feedback loop, and modifies antitumor immunity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154672. [PMID: 36701994 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liujunzi decoction (LJZD), a traditional herbal formula and one of the most commonly used adjuvant medications for the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), exerts good antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. However, its specific mechanism of action remains largely unclear. PURPOSE In order to examine the potential primary and adjuvant antitumor mechanisms of LJZD, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS IL-6 and miR-34a inhibitors were used to activate the miR-34a/STAT3/IL-6R feedback loop to observe the effects of LJZD. A humanised mouse model with a functional human immune system was constructed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of LJZD in vivo on xenograft tumours, which was compared to that of the positive control drug anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Finally, a co-culture system of peripheral blood mononuclear and tumour cells in vitro was used to analyse the cytotoxic activity of LJZD on T cells. RESULTS LJZD significantly interfered with IL-6-induced activation of the miR-34a/STAT3/IL-6R feedback loop in ESCC by restoring the expression of the tumour suppressor miR-34a, and inhibited the proliferation of EC109 oesophageal cancer cells in a dose-dependant manner. Furthermore, LJZD effectively suppressed oesophageal tumour growth in vivo and alleviated organ injury and visceral index. Furthermore, LJZD boosted antitumor immunity by increasing IFN-γ expression and CD8+tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) infiltration in the peripheral blood and tumour tissues, respectively, which may be related to a decrease in PD-1, but not PD-L1 expression. Finally, we confirmed that LJZD strengthens the killing ability of T cells by suppressing PD-1 expression in a co-culture system in vitro. CONCLUSION LJZD exerts excellent antitumor effect by interfering with the miR-34a/STAT3/IL-6R feedback loop and augmenting antitumor immune responses. Which provides new insights into mechanisms for LJZD and sheds light on the multifaceted role of phytomedicine in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Han
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Xiuqi Fan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Liyan Fan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
| | - Yaosong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
| | - Zhexu Zhou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
| | - Ge Wang
- The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Lanwei Guo
- The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Wendong Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Prescription in Signaling, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, China.
| | - Qilong Gao
- The Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China.
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25
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The Interaction of Programmed Cell Death Protein and Its Ligands with Non-Coding RNAs in Neoplasms: Emerging Anticancer Immunotherapeutics. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer cells can elude immune cells by creating a sanctuary within the tumor’s microenvironment. Large amounts of immune-suppressing signaling proteins can be expressed by cancer cells. One of the most important mechanisms in this system is immune suppression caused by tumors and the modulation of the immune checkpoint. The immune checkpoint is modulated by both the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), including the more well-known microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), all play roles in the regulation of biological processes and extensive diseases such as cancer. Thus, the focus of this study is on the interactions between the programmed death protein and its ligands with miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, some FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of various cancers were based on their interactions with PD-1, PD-Ls, and ncRNAs. This promising strategy is still in the production stages, with additional results and clinical trials being processed.
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Dutta S, Ganguly A, Chatterjee K, Spada S, Mukherjee S. Targets of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Cancer: Basis for Development and Evolution of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020218. [PMID: 36829496 PMCID: PMC9952779 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for cancer therapy in the last decade. Unfortunately, a small number of patients benefit from approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, multiple studies are being conducted to find new ICIs and combination strategies to improve the current ICIs. In this review, we discuss some approved immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, and also highlight newer emerging ICIs. For instance, HLA-E, overexpressed by tumor cells, represents an immune-suppressive feature by binding CD94/NKG2A, on NK and T cells. NKG2A blockade recruits CD8+ T cells and activates NK cells to decrease the tumor burden. NKG2D acts as an NK cell activating receptor that can also be a potential ICI. The adenosine A2A and A2B receptors, CD47-SIRPα, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and VISTA are targets that also contribute to cancer immunoresistance and have been considered for clinical trials. Their antitumor immunosuppressive functions can be used to develop blocking antibodies. PARPs, mARTs, and B7-H3 are also other potential targets for immunosuppression. Additionally, miRNA, mRNA, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated immunotherapeutic approaches are being investigated with great interest. Pre-clinical and clinical studies project these targets as potential immunotherapeutic candidates in different cancer types for their robust antitumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- The Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar 814152, India
| | | | - Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (S.M.)
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27
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Pandey R, Yang FS, Sivasankaran VP, Lo YL, Wu YT, Chang CY, Chiu CC, Liao ZX, Wang LF. Comparing the Variants of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of miRNA34a for Efficiency in Silencing of PD-L1 Genes in Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010215. [PMID: 36678844 PMCID: PMC9865708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The blocking of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells represents a powerful strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Using viral vectors to deliver the cargo for inactivating the PD-L1 gene could be associated with host cell genotoxicity and concomitant immune attack. To develop an alternative safe gene delivery method, we designed a unique combination for miRNA34a delivery using a transgene carrier in the form of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) via magnetofection to downregulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. We synthesized IONPs of multiple shapes (IONRs (iron oxide nanorods), IONSs (iron oxide nanospheres), and ITOHs (iron oxide truncated octahedrons)), surface-functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) using the ligand exchange method, as gene delivery systems. Under the guidance of an external magnetic field, PEI@IONPs loaded with plasmid DNA (DNA/PEI@IONPs) encoding GFP showed high transfection efficiency at different weight ratios and time points in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the DNA/PEI@IONPs with miRNA34a inserts under a static magnetic field resulted in significant knockdown of the PD-L1 gene, as demonstrated via immunoblotting of the PD-L1 protein. Among the three shapes of IONPs, IONRs showed the highest PD-L1 knockdown efficiency. The genetic expression of miRNA34a was also studied using qPCR and it showed high expression of miRNA in cells treated with PEI@IONRs. Flow cytometry and a live/dead assay confirmed apoptosis after transfection with miRNA34a. To conclude, in this paper, a promising transgene carrier with low cost, negligible cytotoxicity, and high transfection efficiency has been successfully established for miRNA gene delivery in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Shuo Yang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xian Liao
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101-2217
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28
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Deng S, Wang M, Wang C, Zeng Y, Qin X, Tan Y, Liang B, Cao Y. p53 downregulates PD-L1 expression via miR-34a to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells: a potential clinical immunotherapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:577-587. [PMID: 36352176 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer responses to therapy and lower overall survival rates. The use of an inhibitor of immune checkpoint programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising treatment strategy and is approved for malignant tumors, especially for TNBC. p53 regulates various biological processes, but the association between p53 and immune evasion remains unknown. miR-34a is a known tumor suppressor and p53-regulated miRNA that is downregulated in several cancers; however, it has not been reported in TNBC. Herein, we aimed to explore the regulatory signaling axis among p53, miR-34a and PD-L1 in TNBC cells in vivo and in tissue and to improve our understanding of immunotherapy for TNBC. METHODS AND RESULTS p53-EGFP, p53-siRNA and miR-34a mimics were transfected into TNBC cell lines, and the interaction between miR-34a and PD-L1 was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assays. We found that p53 could inhibit the expression of PD-L1 via miR-34a and that miR-34a could inhibit both cell activity and migration and promoted apoptosis and cytotoxicity in TNBC. Furthermore, miR-34a agomir was injected into MDA-MB-231 tumors of nude mice. The results showed that miR-34a could inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression of PD-L1 in vivo. A total of 133 TNBC tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry; the proportion of positive expression of PD-L1 was 57.14% (76/133), and the proportion of samples with negative expression of PD-L1 was 42.86% (57/133). CONCLUSION Our research may provide a novel potential target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Deng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengna Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi Seventh Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Tan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Youde Cao
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong Distinct, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
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29
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Alotaibi F. Exosomal microRNAs in cancer: Potential biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets for immune checkpoint molecules. Front Genet 2023; 14:1052731. [PMID: 36873941 PMCID: PMC9982116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1052731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure secreted from different cell types which can be found in various body fluids including blood, pleural fluid, saliva and urine. They carry different biomolecules including proteins, metabolites, and amino acids such as microRNAs which are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and promote cell-to-cell communication. One main function of the exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) is their role in cancer pathogenesis. Alternation in exomiRs expression could indicate disease progression and can regulate cancer growth and facilitate drug response/resistance. It can also influence the tumour microenvironment by controlling important signaling that regulating immune checkpoint molecules leading to activation of T cell anti-tumour immunity. Therefore, they can be used as potential novel cancer biomarkers and innovative immunotherapeutic agents. This review highlights the use of exomiRs as potential reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment response and metastasis. Finally, discuses their potential as immunotherapeutic agents to regulate immune checkpoint molecules and promote T cell anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Alotaibi
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010250. [PMID: 36613706 PMCID: PMC9820302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remains limited. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNAs as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools, and we offer an overview of the recent advances in miRNA delivery strategies, clinical trials and future perspectives in RNA interference technologies.
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31
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Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Insights, Preclinical and Clinical Data, and Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315384. [PMID: 36499710 PMCID: PMC9738355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) constitutes one of the main immune evasion mechanisms of cancer cells. The approval of drugs against the PD-1-PD-L1 axis has given new impetus to the chemo-therapy of many malignancies. We performed a literature review from 1992 to August 2022, summarizing evidence regarding molecular structures, physiological and pathological roles, mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression, and immunotherapy evasion. Furthermore, we summarized the studies concerning head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) immunotherapy and the prospects for improving the associated outcomes, such as identifying treatment response biomarkers, new pharmacological combinations, and new molecules. PD-L1 overexpression can occur via four mechanisms: genetic modifications; inflammatory signaling; oncogenic pathways; microRNA or protein-level regulation. Four molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy have been identified: tumor cell adaptation; changes in T-cell function or proliferation; alterations of the tumor microenvironment; alternative immunological checkpoints. Immunotherapy was indeed shown to be superior to traditional chemotherapy in locally advanced/recurrent/metastatic HNSCC treatments.
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32
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Li C, Xue Y, Ba X, Wang R. The Role of 8-oxoG Repair Systems in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233798. [PMID: 36497058 PMCID: PMC9735852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is highly correlated with the accumulation of mutations. The abundant and extensive DNA oxidation product, 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), can cause mutations if it is not repaired by 8-oxoG repair systems. Therefore, the accumulation of 8-oxoG plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. To avoid the accumulation of 8-oxoG in the genome, base excision repair (BER), initiated by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1), is responsible for the removal of genomic 8-oxoG. It has been proven that 8-oxoG levels are significantly elevated in cancer cells compared with cells of normal tissues, and the induction of DNA damage by some antitumor drugs involves direct or indirect interference with BER, especially through inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to tumor cell death. In addition, the absence of the core components of BER can result in embryonic or early post-natal lethality in mice. Therefore, targeting 8-oxoG repair systems with inhibitors is a promising avenue for tumor therapy. In this study, we summarize the impact of 8-oxoG accumulation on tumorigenesis and the current status of cancer therapy approaches exploiting 8-oxoG repair enzyme targeting, as well as possible synergistic lethality strategies involving exogenous ROS-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuang Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
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The Roles of MiRNAs (MicroRNAs) in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314775. [PMID: 36499102 PMCID: PMC9736803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, characterized by life-threatening and rapidly spreading progression. Traditional targeted therapy can alleviate tumors by inactivating hyperactive kinases such as BRAF or MEK but inevitably encounters drug resistance. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment and significantly improved the prognosis of melanoma patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are intricately involved in innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in melanoma immunotherapy. This systematic review describes the roles of miRNAs in regulating the functions of immune cells in skin and melanoma, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in pharmacology including the effect, resistance and immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, which are used for treating cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma. The expressions and functions of miRNAs in immunotherapy employing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists are also discussed. The prospect of innovative therapeutic strategies such as the combined administration of miRNAs and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs are also provided. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and immunotherapy is crucial for the discovery of reliable biomarkers and for the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics against melanoma.
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GAO Z, LING X, SHI C, WANG Y, LIN A. Tumor immune checkpoints and their associated inhibitors. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:823-843. [PMID: 36226537 PMCID: PMC9561405 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immunological evasion is one of the defining characteristics of cancers, as the immune modification of an immune checkpoint (IC) confers immune evasion capabilities to tumor cells. Multiple ICs, such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), can bind to their respective receptors and reduce tumor immunity in a variety of ways, including blocking immune cell activation signals. IC blockade (ICB) therapies targeting these checkpoint molecules have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. This is because antibody-based IC inhibitors and a variety of specific small molecule inhibitors can inhibit key oncogenic signaling pathways and induce durable tumor remission in patients with a variety of cancers. Deciphering the roles and regulatory mechanisms of these IC molecules will provide crucial theoretical guidance for clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the functional and regulatory mechanisms of these IC molecules at multiple levels, including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modifications. In addition, we provide a summary of the medications targeting various nodes in the regulatory pathway, and highlight the potential of newly identified IC molecules, focusing on their potential implications for cancer diagnostics and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui GAO
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China,Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xingyi LING
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chengyu SHI
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Ying WANG
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Aifu LIN
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China,Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China,International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu322000, China,ZJU-QILU Joint Research Institute, Hangzhou310058, China,Aifu LIN,
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35
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The Features of Immune Checkpoint Gene Regulation by microRNA in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169324. [PMID: 36012588 PMCID: PMC9409052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the search for new promising tools of immunotherapy continues. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) that influence immune checkpoint (IC) gene expression in tumor and T-cells and may be important regulators of immune cells are considered. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by blocking mRNA translation. An important feature of miRNA is its ability to affect the expression of several genes simultaneously, which corresponds to the trend toward the use of combination therapy. The article provides a list of miRNAs acting simultaneously on several ICs and miRNAs that, in addition to IC, can regulate the expression of targeted therapy genes. There is dependence of miRNA interactions with IC genes on the type of cancer. The analysis of the accumulated data demonstrates that only about 14% (95% CI: 9.8–20.1%) of the studied miRNAs regulate the expression of specific IC in more than one type of cancer. That is, there is tumor specificity in the miRNA action on ICs. A number of miRNAs demonstrated high efficiency in vitro and in vivo. This indicates the potential of miRNAs as promising agents for cancer immunotherapy. Additional studies of the miRNA–gene interaction features and the search for an optimal miRNA mimic structure are necessary.
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36
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Liu Z, Yu X, Xu L, Li Y, Zeng C. Current insight into the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:44. [PMID: 35907881 PMCID: PMC9338491 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer immune escape are a core topic in cancer immunology research. Cancer cells can escape T cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by exploiting the inhibitory programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1, CD274) immune checkpoint. Studying the PD-L1 regulatory pattern of tumor cells will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and improve cancer treatment. Recent studies have found that tumor cells regulate PD-L1 at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels and influence the anti-tumor immune response by regulating PD-L1. In this review, we focus on the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells and summarize the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuandi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xibao Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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37
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Tsai TF, Chang AC, Chen PC, Ho CY, Chen HE, Chou KY, Hwang TIS. Autophagy blockade potentiates cancer-associated immunosuppression through programmed death ligand-1 upregulation in bladder cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3587-3597. [PMID: 35903922 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high basal level of autophagic flux in bladder cancer (BC) cells prevents cell death and weakens chemotherapy efficacy. However, how autophagy influences cancer-associated immunosuppression in BC remains undetermined. In this study, we observed a negative correlation between the autophagy-related markers LC3-II and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in BC cells. The autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) increased PD-L1 expression in BC cells through the ERK-JNK-c-Jun signal-transduction pathway. Moreover, the treatment of BC cells with CQ and Baf-A1 inhibited hsa-microRNA-34a (miR-34a) expression and miR-34a overexpression in BC cells prevented the autophagy blockade-induced PD-L1 expression; a negative correlation between miR-34a and PD-L1 expression was observed during treatment with autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, miR-34a overexpression induced the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells against BC cells. Our results provide evidence that autophagy blockade and its regulatory pathway affect cancer-associated immunosuppression through PD-L1 elevation. Thus, the coadministration of autophagy inhibitors and a PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade provides a potential therapeutic approach for treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Fu Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Translational Medicine Center, Research Deparment, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Research Deparment, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yen Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-En Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Chou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas I-Sheng Hwang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Karami Fath M, Anjomrooz M, Taha SR, Shariat Zadeh M, Sahraei M, Atbaei R, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Payandeh Z, Rahmani Z, Barati G. The therapeutic effect of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells on colorectal cancer: Toward cell-free therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154024. [PMID: 35905664 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known for its high mortality rate and affects more men than women. The treatment requires invasive surgical interventions, however, the progression of CRC metastasis is difficult to control in most cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their outstanding characteristics have been widely used in the treatment of degenerative diseases as well as cancers. They affect the tumor microenvironment through either cell-cell interactions or communications with their secretome. While stem cells may represent a dual role in tumor proliferation and progression, exosomes have attracted much attention as a cell-free therapy in CRC treatment. Exosomes derived from native or genetically modified MSCs, as well as exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), have been evaluated on CRC progression. Moreover, MSC-derived exosomes have been used as a carrier to deliver anticancer agents in colorectal cancer. In this review, we overview and discuss the current knowledge in both stem cell-based and cell-free exosome therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Anjomrooz
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Sahraei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raihaneh Atbaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Zobeir Rahmani
- Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Shen DD, Bi YP, Pang JR, Zhao LJ, Zhao LF, Gao Y, Wang B, Liu HM, Liu Y, Wang N, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Generation, secretion and degradation of cancer immunotherapy target PD-L1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:413. [PMID: 35819633 PMCID: PMC11073444 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing and effective method for the treatment of a variety of malignancies in recent years. As a significant immune checkpoint, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play the most significant role in cancer immune escape and cancer immunotherapy. Though PD-L1 have become an important target for drug development and there have been various approved drugs and clinic trials targeting it, and various clinical response rate and adverse reactions prevent many patients from benefiting from it. In recent years, combination trials have become the main direction of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies development. Here, we summarized PD-L1 biofunctions and key roles in various cancers along with the development of PD-L1 inhibitors. The regulators that are involved in controlling PD-L1 expression including post-translational modification, mRNA level regulation as well as degradation and exosome secretory pathway of PD-L1 were focused. This systematic summary may provide comprehensive understanding of different regulations on PD-L1 as well as a broad prospect for the search of the important regulator of PD-L1. The regulatory factors of PD-L1 can be potential targets for immunotherapy and increase strategies of immunotherapy in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Bi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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40
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Yi WR, Tu MJ, Yu AX, Lin J, Yu AM. Bioengineered miR-34a modulates mitochondrial inner membrane protein 17 like 2 (MPV17L2) expression toward the control of cancer cell mitochondrial functions. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12489-12503. [PMID: 35579419 PMCID: PMC9276019 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) control post-transcriptional gene expression critical for various cellular processes. Recently, we have invented a novel platform technology to achieve high-yield production of fully humanized, bioengineered miRNA agents (hBERAs) for research and development. This study is aimed to produce and utilize a new biologic miR-34a-5p (or miR-34a) molecule, namely, hBERA/miR-34a, to delineate the role of miR-34a-5p in the regulation of mitochondrial functions in human carcinoma cells. Bioengineered hBERA/miR-34a was produced through in vivo fermentation production and purified by anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. hEBRA/miR-34a was processed to target miR-34a-5p in human osteosarcoma and lung cancer cells, as determined by selective stem-loop reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 like 2 (MPV17L2) was validated as a direct target for miR-34a-5p by dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot analysis revealed that bioengineered miR-34a-5p effectively reduced MPV17L2 protein outcomes, leading to much lower levels of respiratory chain Complex I activities and intracellular ATP that were determined with specific assay kits. Moreover, Seahorse Mito Stress Test assay was conducted, and the results showed that biologic miR-34a-5p sharply reduced cancer cell mitochondrial respiration capacity, accompanied by a remarkable increase of oxidative stress and elevated apoptotic cell death, which are manifested by greater levels of reactive oxygen species and selective apoptosis biomarkers, respectively. These results demonstrate the presence and involvement of the miR-34a-5p-MPV17L2 pathway in the control of mitochondrial functions in human carcinoma cells and support the utility of novel bioengineered miRNA molecules for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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41
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Noncoding RNAs as novel immunotherapeutic tools against cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:135-161. [PMID: 35305717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is implemented as an important treatment strategy in various malignancies. In cancer, immunotherapy is employed for successful killing of tumor cells with high specificity and greater efficacy, with minimum side effects. Despite various available strategies, cellular immunotherapy including innate (NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) and adaptive (B cells and T cells) immune cells plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment. Since past few years, many drugs targeting immune checkpoint proteins including CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 have been investigated as immunotherapy approach against cancer but complete effectiveness still remains a question, as diverse mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis may result in the development of cancer cell resistance. Number of evidences have highlighted the significant role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating multiple stages of cancer initiation, progression & immunity. ncRNAs comprises 98% human transcriptome and are basically considered as dark genome. Among ncRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs have been extensively studied in regulating diverse processes of cancer tumorigenesis. Upregulation of oncogenic and downregulation of tumor suppressive miRNAs/lncRNAs has been reported to facilitate the cancer progression and invasiveness. This chapter summarizes how an interplay between ncRNAs and immune cells in cancer pathogenesis can be therapeutically targeted to improve current treatment regimen. Strategies should be employed to improve the efficacy and reduce off-target effects of ncRNA based immunotherapy. Henceforth, combination of ncRNAs and available immunotherapy can be argued to enhance the efficacy of existing immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer to improve patient's survival.
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42
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Stelekati E, Cai Z, Manne S, Chen Z, Beltra JC, Buchness LA, Leng X, Ristin S, Nzingha K, Ekshyyan V, Niavi C, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Ali MA, Drury S, Lau CW, Gao Z, Ban Y, Zhou SK, Ansel KM, Kurachi M, Jordan MS, Villarino AV, Ngiow SF, Wherry EJ. MicroRNA-29a attenuates CD8 T cell exhaustion and induces memory-like CD8 T cells during chronic infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2106083119. [PMID: 35446623 PMCID: PMC9169946 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells mediate protection against intracellular pathogens and tumors. However, persistent antigen during chronic infections or cancer leads to T cell exhaustion, suboptimal functionality, and reduced protective capacity. Despite considerable work interrogating the transcriptional regulation of exhausted CD8 T cells (TEX), the posttranscriptional control of TEX remains poorly understood. Here, we interrogated the role of microRNAs (miRs) in CD8 T cells responding to acutely resolved or chronic viral infection and identified miR-29a as a key regulator of TEX. Enforced expression of miR-29a improved CD8 T cell responses during chronic viral infection and antagonized exhaustion. miR-29a inhibited exhaustion-driving transcriptional pathways, including inflammatory and T cell receptor signaling, and regulated ribosomal biogenesis. As a result, miR-29a fostered a memory-like CD8 T cell differentiation state during chronic infection. Thus, we identify miR-29a as a key regulator of TEX and define mechanisms by which miR-29a can divert exhaustion toward a more beneficial memory-like CD8 T cell differentiation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lance Alec Buchness
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Svetlana Ristin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Viktoriya Ekshyyan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christina Niavi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim Ali
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sydney Drury
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zhen Gao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Simon K. Zhou
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Martha S. Jordan
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alejandro V. Villarino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Dobosz P, Stempor PA, Ramírez Moreno M, Bulgakova NA. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of checkpoint genes on the tumour side of the immunological synapse. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:64-74. [PMID: 35459932 PMCID: PMC9273643 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of the genome, therefore, its development has a clear Mendelian component, demonstrated by well-studied genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer risk. However, it is known that a single genetic variant is not enough for cancer to develop leading to the theory of multistage carcinogenesis. In many cases, it is a sequence of events, acquired somatic mutations, or simply polygenic components with strong epigenetic effects, such as in the case of brain tumours. The expression of many genes is the product of the complex interplay between several factors, including the organism’s genotype (in most cases Mendelian-inherited), genetic instability, epigenetic factors (non-Mendelian-inherited) as well as the immune response of the host, to name just a few. In recent years the importance of the immune system has been elevated, especially in the light of the immune checkpoint genes discovery and the subsequent development of their inhibitors. As the expression of these genes normally suppresses self-immunoreactivity, their expression by tumour cells prevents the elimination of the tumour by the immune system. These discoveries led to the rapid growth of the field of immuno-oncology that offers new possibilities of long-lasting and effective treatment options. Here we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the key mechanisms controlling the expression of immune checkpoint genes in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dobosz
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Miguel Ramírez Moreno
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Qiao X, Zhao F. Long non-coding RNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 binds to micorRNA-34a to upregulate oncogenic PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9264-9273. [PMID: 35411833 PMCID: PMC9161958 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OPA-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 (OIP5-AS1) plays an oncogenic role in several types of cancer, but whether it is involved in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. Our preliminary sequencing analysis revealed the upregulation of OIP5-AS1 in NSCLC. In this study, gene expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR. RNA-RNA pull-down assay was applied to detect direct interactions between RNAs. Overexpression assays were performed to explore the relationship between miR-34a and OIP5-AS1. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were applied to evaluate cell proliferation. In NSCLC cells (H23), overexpression of OIP5-AS1 increased the expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). In addition, inhibition of OIP5-AS1 and overexpression of miR-34a decreased the expression levels of PD-L1, and miR-34a significantly blocked the role of overexpression of OIP5-AS1. Overexpression of OIP5-AS1 and PD-L1 promoted H23 and H22 cells proliferation, while silencing of miR-34a and OIP5-AS1 played opposite roles and eliminated the effects of overexpression of OIP5-AS1 on cell proliferation. Therefore, OIP5-AS1 was upregulated to enhance the expression of oncogenic PD-L1 by sponging miR-34a in NSCLC, leading to promoted NSCLC cell proliferation. Our study also demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 was upregulated while miR-34a was downregulated in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
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45
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EGFR signaling pathway as therapeutic target in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:253-275. [PMID: 35427766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) enacts major roles in the maintenance of epithelial tissues. However, when EGFR signaling is altered, it becomes the grand orchestrator of epithelial transformation, and hence one of the most world-wide studied tyrosine kinase receptors involved in neoplasia, in several tissues. In the last decades, EGFR-targeted therapies shaped the new era of precision-oncology. Despite major advances, the dream of converting solid tumors into a chronic disease is still unfulfilled, and long-term remission eludes us. Studies investigating the function of this protein in solid malignancies have revealed numerous ways how tumor cells dysregulate EGFR function. Starting from preclinical models (cell lines, organoids, murine models) and validating in clinical specimens, EGFR-related oncogenic pathways, mechanisms of resistance, and novel avenues to inhibit tumor growth and metastatic spread enriching the therapeutic portfolios, were identified. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where EGFR mutations are major players in the adenocarcinoma subtype, we will go over the most relevant discoveries that led us to understand EGFR and beyond, and highlight how they revolutionized cancer treatment by expanding the therapeutic arsenal at our disposal.
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Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising Innovations and Future Advances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030644. [PMID: 35336018 PMCID: PMC8955746 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic condition which affects the glucose metabolism in the body. In lieu of any clinical “cure,” the condition is managed through the administration of pharmacological aids, insulin supplements, diet restrictions, exercise, and the like. The conventional clinical prescriptions are limited by their life-long dependency and diminished potency, which in turn hinder the patient’s recovery. This necessitated an alteration in approach and has instigated several investigations into other strategies. As Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be an autoimmune disorder, targeting the immune system in activation and/or suppression has shown promise in reducing beta cell loss and improving insulin levels in response to hyperglycemia. Another strategy currently being explored is the use of nanoparticles in the delivery of immunomodulators, insulin, or engineered vaccines to endogenous immune cells. Nanoparticle-assisted targeting of immune cells holds substantial potential for enhanced patient care within T1D clinical settings. Herein, we summarize the knowledge of etiology, clinical scenarios, and the current state of nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic approaches for Type 1 diabetes. We also discuss the feasibility of translating this approach to clinical practice.
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Fan Z, Wu C, Chen M, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Mao R, Fan Y. The generation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cancer cells: From nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1041-1053. [PMID: 35530130 PMCID: PMC9069407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting on PD-1/PD-L1 has shown remarkable promise in treating cancers. However, the low response rate and frequently observed severe side effects limit its broad benefits. It is partially due to less understanding of the biological regulation of PD-L1. Here, we systematically and comprehensively summarized the regulation of PD-L1 from nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation. In PD-L1 and PD-L2 highly expressed cancer cells, a new TAD (topologically associating domain) (chr9: 5,400,000-5,600,000) around CD274 and CD273 was discovered, which includes a reported super-enhancer to drive synchronous transcription of PD-L1 and PD-L2. The re-shaped TAD allows transcription factors such as STAT3 and IRF1 recruit to PD-L1 locus in order to guide the expression of PD-L1. After transcription, the PD-L1 is tightly regulated by miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins via the long 3'UTR. At translational level, PD-L1 protein and its membrane presentation are tightly regulated by post-translational modification such as glycosylation and ubiquitination. In addition, PD-L1 can be secreted via exosome to systematically inhibit immune response. Therefore, fully dissecting the regulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 and thoroughly detecting PD-L1/PD-L2 as well as their regulatory networks will bring more insights in ICB and ICB-based combinational therapy.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- ADAM17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AREs, adenylate and uridylate (AU)-rich elements
- ATF3, activating transcription factor 3
- CD273/274, cluster of differentiation 273/274
- CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4
- CMTM6, CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6
- CSN5, COP9 signalosome subunit 5
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- Exosome
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- GSDMC, Gasdermin C
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- HSF1, heat shock transcription factor 1
- Hi-C, high throughput chromosome conformation capture
- ICB, immune checkpoint blockade
- IFN, interferon
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IRF1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- Immune checkpoint blockade
- JAK, Janus kinase 1
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OTUB1, OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PD-L2
- PD-L2, programmed death ligand 2
- Post-transcriptional regulation
- Post-translational regulation
- SP1, specificity protein 1
- SPOP, speckle-type POZ protein
- STAG2, stromal antigen 2
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TADs, topologically associating domains
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TFs, transcription factors
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TTP, tristetraprolin
- Topologically associating domain
- Transcription
- UCHL1, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
- USP22, ubiquitin specific peptidase 22
- dMMR, deficient DNA mismatch repair
- irAEs, immune related adverse events
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yongying Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yihui Fan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Abrams SL, Duda P, Akula SM, Steelman LS, Follo ML, Cocco L, Ratti S, Martelli AM, Montalto G, Emma MR, Cervello M, Rakus D, Gizak A, McCubrey JA. Effects of the Mutant TP53 Reactivator APR-246 on Therapeutic Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells in the Presence and Absence of WT-TP53. Cells 2022; 11:794. [PMID: 35269416 PMCID: PMC8909756 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor is mutated in ~75% of pancreatic cancers. The mutant TP53 protein in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Attempts have been made to develop molecules that restore at least some of the properties of wild-type (WT) TP53. APR-246 is one such molecule, and it is referred to as a mutant TP53 reactivator. To understand the potential of APR-246 to sensitize PDAC cells to chemotherapy, we introduced a vector encoding WT-TP53 into two PDAC cell lines, one lacking the expression of TP53 (PANC-28) and one with a gain-of-function (GOF) mutant TP53 (MIA-PaCa-2). APR-246 increased drug sensitivity in the cells containing either a WT or mutant TP53 protein with GOF activity, but not in cells that lacked TP53. The introduction of WT-T53 into PANC-28 cells increased their sensitivity to the TP53 reactivator, chemotherapeutic drugs, and signal transduction inhibitors. The addition of WT-TP53 to PDAC cells with GOF TP53 also increased their sensitivity to the drugs and therapeutics, indicating that APR-246 could function in cells with WT-TP53 and GOF TP53. These results highlight the importance of knowledge of the type of TP53 mutation that is present in cancer patients before the administration of drugs which function through the reactivation of TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Przemysław Duda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Matilde L. Follo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.F.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Rita Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (P.D.); (D.R.); (A.G.)
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (S.L.A.); (S.M.A.); (L.S.S.)
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Yamaguchi H, Hsu JM, Yang WH, Hung MC. Mechanisms regulating PD-L1 expression in cancers and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:287-305. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Roetman JJ, Apostolova MKI, Philip M. Viral and cellular oncogenes promote immune evasion. Oncogene 2022; 41:921-929. [PMID: 35022539 PMCID: PMC8851748 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen percent of cancers worldwide are associated with viral infections. While many human oncogenic viruses are widely endemic, very few infected individuals develop cancer. This raises the question why oncogenic viruses encode viral oncogenes if they can replicate and spread between human hosts without causing cancer. Interestingly, viral infection triggers innate immune signaling pathways that in turn activate tumor suppressors such as p53, suggesting that tumor suppressors may have evolved not primarily to prevent cancer, but to thwart viral infection. Here, we summarize and compare several major immune evasion strategies used by viral and non-viral cancers, with a focus on oncogenes that play dual roles in promoting tumorigenicity and immune evasion. By highlighting important and illustrative examples of how oncogenic viruses evade the immune system, we aim to shed light on how non-viral cancers avoid immune detection. Further study and understanding of how viral and non-viral oncogenes impact immune function could lead to improved strategies to combine molecular therapies targeting oncoproteins in combination with immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minna K. I. Apostolova
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Philip
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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