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Yu L, Hu X, Xu R, Zhao Y, Xiong L, Ai J, Wang X, Chen X, Ba Y, Xing Z, Guo C, Mi S, Wu X. Piperine promotes PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated gut-brain autophagy to degrade α-Synuclein in Parkinson's disease rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117628. [PMID: 38158101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper longum L., a medicinal and food homologous herb, has a traditional history of use in treating gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Piperine (PIP) the main alkaloid of P. longum, exists neuroprotective effects on various animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism, particularly the role of PIP in promoting gut-brain autophagy for α-Synuclein (α-Syn) degradation in PD, remains incompletely understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the role of PIP in regulating the gut-brain autophagy signaling pathway to reduce α-Syn levels in both the colon and substantia nigra (SN) of PD model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Behavioral experiments were conducted to assess the impact of PIP on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. The intestinal microbiome composition and intestinal metabolites were analyzed by metagenomics and GC-MS/MS. The auto-phagosomes were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were performed to assess the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), α-Syn, LC3II/LC3I, p62, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in both the SN and colon of the rats. The pathway-related inhibitor and agonist were used to verify the autophagy mechanism in the SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T mutant α-Syn (A53T-α-Syn). RESULTS PIP improved autonomic movement and gastrointestinal dysfunctions, reduced α-Syn aggregation and attenuated the loss of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. After oral administration of PIP, the radio of LC3II/LC3I increased and the expression of p62 was degraded, as well as the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR decreased in the SN and colon of rats. The effect of PIP on reducing A53T-α-Syn through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway was further confirmed in A53T-α-Syn transgenic SH-SY5Y cells. This effect could be inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that PIP could protect neurons by activating autophagy to degrade α-Syn in the SN and colon, which were related to the suppression of PIP on the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaolu Hu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ai
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yinying Ba
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhikai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chongye Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuangli Mi
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Ji R, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Chen X, Yin T, Yang J. BOP1 contributes to the activation of autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome via nucleolar stress response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:101. [PMID: 38409361 PMCID: PMC10896891 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal autophagy is one of the vital features in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Block of Proliferation 1 (BOP1) is involved in the onset of autophagy activation of granulosa cells in PCOS. Firstly, we found that BOP1 expression was significantly down-regulated in the ovaries of PCOS mice, which was associated with the development of PCOS. Next, local injection of lentiviral vectors in the ovary for the overexpression of BOP1 significantly alleviated the phenotypes of elevated androgens, disturbed estrous cycle, and abnormal follicular development in PCOS mice. Subsequently, we found that knockdown of BOP1 activated autophagy of granulosa cells in the in vitro experiments, whereas overexpression of BOP1 inhibited autophagy in both in vivo and in vitro models. Mechanistically, BOP1 knockdown triggered the nucleolus stress response, which caused RPL11 to be released from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm and inhibited the E3 ubiquitination ligase of MDM2, thereby enhancing the stability of p53. Subsequently, P53 inhibited mTOR, thereby activating autophagy in granulosa cells. In addition, the mRNA level of BOP1 was negatively correlated with antral follicle count (AFC), body-mass index (BMI), serum androgen levels, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in patients with PCOS. In summary, our study demonstrates that BOP1 downregulation inhibits mTOR phosphorylation through activation of the p53-dependent nucleolus stress response, which subsequently contributes to aberrant autophagy in granulosa cells, revealing that BOP1 may be a key target for probing the mechanisms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ji
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimo Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Almeida MF, Farizatto KLG, Almeida RS, Bahr BA. Lifestyle strategies to promote proteostasis and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102162. [PMID: 38070831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle choices, poor diet, and aging can have negative influences on cognition, gradually increasing the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the continuum comprising early dementia. Aging is the greatest risk factor for age-related dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, and the aging process is known to be influenced by life events that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases. Remarkably, life experiences that make the brain vulnerable to dementia, such as seizure episodes, neurotoxin exposures, metabolic disorders, and trauma-inducing events (e.g. traumatic injuries or mild neurotrauma from a fall or blast exposure), have been associated with negative effects on proteostasis and synaptic integrity. Functional compromise of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, a major contributor to proteostasis, has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, obesity-related pathology, Huntington's disease, as well as in synaptic degeneration which is the best correlate of cognitive decline. Correspondingly, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies that positively modulate lysosomal proteases are recognized as synaptoprotective through degradative clearance of pathogenic proteins. Here, we discuss life-associated vulnerabilities that influence key hallmarks of brain aging and the increased burden of age-related dementias. Additionally, we discuss exercise and diet among the lifestyle strategies that regulate proteostasis as well as synaptic integrity, leading to evident prevention of cognitive deficits during brain aging in pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology & Marine Biology, and the Integrative, Comparative & Marine Biology Program, University of North Carolina - Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Karen L G Farizatto
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA
| | - Renato S Almeida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Taubate, Taubate, SP 12020-270, Brazil
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina - Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA.
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4
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Bar-Tana J. TorS - Reframing a rational for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3712. [PMID: 37615286 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 syndrome (Tors), paradigm implies an exhaustive cohesive disease entity driven by a hyperactive mTORC1, and which includes obesity, type 2 diabetic hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration, polycystic ovary syndrome, psoriasis and other. The TorS paradigm may account for the efficacy of standard-of-care treatments of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in alleviating the glycaemic and non-glycaemic diseases of TorS in T2D and non-T2D patients. The TorS paradigm may generate novel treatments for TorS diseases.
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5
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Pirmoradi L, Shojaei S, Ghavami S, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A. Autophagy and Biomaterials: A Brief Overview of the Impact of Autophagy in Biomaterial Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2284. [PMID: 37765253 PMCID: PMC10536801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a tightly regulated physiological process that obliterates dysfunctional and damaged organelles and proteins, has a crucial role when biomaterials are applied for various purposes, including diagnosis, treatment, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery. The unparalleled physiochemical properties of nanomaterials make them a key component of medical strategies in different areas, such as osteogenesis, angiogenesis, neurodegenerative disease treatment, and cancer therapy. The application of implants and their modulatory effects on autophagy have been known in recent years. However, more studies are necessary to clarify the interactions and all the involved mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of nanomaterial-mediated autophagy need serious attention in both the biological and bioengineering fields. In this mini-review, the role of autophagy after biomaterial exploitation and the possible related mechanisms are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pirmoradi
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66177-13446, Iran;
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye;
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6
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Pizzimenti C, Fiorentino V, Franchina M, Martini M, Giuffrè G, Lentini M, Silvestris N, Di Pietro M, Fadda G, Tuccari G, Ieni A. Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092622. [PMID: 37174088 PMCID: PMC10177137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Herein, we analyse the molecular mechanisms as well as the regulatory pathways of autophagy, mainly addressing their involvement in human astrocytic neoplasms. Moreover, the relationships between autophagy, the tumour immune microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are discussed. Finally, an excursus concerning autophagy-targeting agents is included in the present review in order to obtain additional information for the better treatment and management of therapy-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pizzimenti
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariausilia Franchina
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Lentini
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Oncology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Pathology Section, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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7
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Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Czapski GA, Cieślik M, Zajdel K, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Babiec L, Adamczyk A. Microtubule Cytoskeletal Network Alterations in a Transgenic Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Relevance to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087303. [PMID: 37108467 PMCID: PMC10138344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the tumour suppressors TSC1/TSC2, both of which are negative regulators of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. Importantly, mTOR hyperactivity seems to be linked with the pathobiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recent studies suggest the potential involvement of microtubule (MT) network dysfunction in the neuropathology of "mTORopathies", including ASD. Cytoskeletal reorganization could be responsible for neuroplasticity disturbances in ASD individuals. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of Tsc2 haploinsufficiency on the cytoskeletal pathology and disturbances in the proteostasis of the key cytoskeletal proteins in the brain of a TSC mouse model of ASD. Western-blot analysis indicated significant brain-structure-dependent abnormalities in the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAP-Tau), and reduced MAP1B and neurofilament light (NF-L) protein level in 2-month-old male B6;129S4-Tsc2tm1Djk/J mice. Alongside, pathological irregularities in the ultrastructure of both MT and neurofilament (NFL) networks as well as swelling of the nerve endings were demonstrated. These changes in the level of key cytoskeletal proteins in the brain of the autistic-like TSC mice suggest the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroplasticity alterations in the ASD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Frontczak-Baniewicz
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Bordonaro M. Hypothesis: functional age and onset of autosomal dominant genetic prion disease. Theory Biosci 2023; 142:143-150. [PMID: 37017882 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-023-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant diseases typically have an age-related onset. Here, I focus on genetic prion disease (gPrD), caused by various mutations in the PRNP gene. While gPrD typically occurs at or after middle age, there can be considerable variability in the specific age of onset. This variability can occur among patients with the same PRNP mutation; in some cases, these differences occur not only between families but even within the same family. It is not known why gPrD onset is typically delayed for decades when the causative mutation is present from birth. Mouse models of gPrD manifest disease; however, unlike human gPrD, which typically takes decades to manifest, mouse models exhibit disease within months. Therefore, the time to onset of prion disease is proportional to species lifespan; however, it is not known why this is the case. I hypothesize that the initiation of gPrD is strongly influenced by the process of aging; therefore, disease onset is related to proportional functional age (e.g., mice vs. humans). I propose approaches to test this hypothesis and discuss its significance with respect to delaying prion disease through suppression of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA.
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Kakoty V, Kc S, Kumari S, Yang CH, Dubey SK, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P, Taliyan R. Brain insulin resistance linked Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology: An undying implication of epigenetic and autophagy modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:699-716. [PMID: 36952096 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In metabolic syndrome, dysregulated signalling activity of the insulin receptor pathway in the brain due to persistent insulin resistance (IR) condition in the periphery may lead to brain IR (BIR) development. BIR causes an upsurge in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, increased amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of tau, aggravated formation of Aβ oligomers and simultaneously neurofibrillary tangle formation, all of which are believed to be direct contributors in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Likewise, for Parkinson's Disease (PD), BIR is associated with alpha-synuclein alterations, dopamine loss in brain areas which ultimately succumbs towards the appearance of classical motor symptoms corresponding to the typical PD phenotype. Modulation of the autophagy process for clearing misfolded proteins and alteration in histone proteins to alleviate disease progression in BIR-linked AD and PD have recently evolved as a research hotspot, as the majority of the autophagy-related proteins are believed to be regulated by histone posttranslational modifications. Hence, this review will provide a timely update on the possible mechanism(s) converging towards BIR induce AD and PD. Further, emphasis on the potential epigenetic regulation of autophagy that can be effectively targeted for devising a complete therapeutic cure for BIR-induced AD and PD will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violina Kakoty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarathlal Kc
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Shobha Kumari
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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10
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Iranpanah A, Kooshki L, Moradi SZ, Saso L, Fakhri S, Khan H. The Exosome-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031006. [PMID: 36986865 PMCID: PMC10057486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As major public health concerns associated with a rapidly growing aging population, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and neurological diseases are important causes of disability and mortality. Neurological diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress are the main players of NDDs and have critical roles in neurodegenerative processes. During the aforementioned inflammatory/apoptotic/oxidative stress procedures, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role. Considering the functional and structural aspects of the blood-brain barrier, drug delivery to the central nervous system is relatively challenging. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound carriers that can be secreted by cells and carry several cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Exosomes significantly take part in the intercellular communications due to their specific features including low immunogenicity, flexibility, and great tissue/cell penetration capabilities. Due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, these nano-sized structures have been introduced as proper vehicles for central nervous system drug delivery by multiple studies. In the present systematic review, we highlight the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in the context of NDDs and neurological diseases by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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11
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Bar-Tana J. mTORC1 syndrome (TorS): unified paradigm for diabetes/metabolic syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:135-145. [PMID: 36717300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
'Glucolipotoxicity' and 'insulin resistance' are claimed to drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the non-glycemic diseases of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension). In line with that, glycemic and/or insulin control are considered to be primary goal in treating T2D/MetS. However, recent standard-of-care (SOC) treatments of T2D, initially designed to control T2D hyperglycemia, appear now to alleviate the cardio-renal and non-glycemic diseases of T2D/MetS independently of glucose lowering and insulin resistance, and in non-T2D patients altogether, calling for an alternative unifying pathophysiology/treatment paradigm for T2D/MetS. This opinion article proposes to replace the current 'glucolipotoxic/insulin-resistance' paradigm of T2D/MetS with an 'mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) syndrome' (TorS) paradigm, implying an exhaustive cohesive disease entity driven by an upstream hyperactive mTORC1, and which includes diabetic hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetic macrovascular and microvascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), psoriasis, and others. The TorS paradigm may account for the insulin-resistant glycemic context of TorS, combined with response to insulin of the non-glycemic diseases of TorS. The TorS paradigm may account for the efficacy of current antidiabetic SOC treatments in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Most importantly, the TorS paradigm may generate novel treatments for TorS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bar-Tana
- Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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12
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Wang J, Xu SY, Ye ZY, Sun ZN, Zhang JQ, Qi C, Liu R, Gao X, He C, You WY, Gao J. The deficiency of Maged1 attenuates Parkinson's disease progression in mice. Mol Brain 2023; 16:22. [PMID: 36774489 PMCID: PMC9921624 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Maged1) has critical functions in the central nervous system in both developmental and adult stages. Loss of Maged1 in mice has been linked to depression, cognitive disorder, and drug addiction. However, the role of Maged1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. In this study, we observed that Maged1 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra in mice and humans, which could be upregulated by the in vivo or in vitro treatment with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Genetic ablation of Maged1 in mice attenuated motor deficits, the loss of DA neurons, and disease progression induced by MPTP. Moreover, Maged1 deficiency protected DA neurons against MPP+-induced toxicity in primary cultured cells. Mechanistically, loss of Maged1 upregulated the Akt signaling pathway and downregulated the mTOR signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, which may in turn attenuate the cell apoptosis and impairment of autophagy. Consistent with it, the degeneration of midbrain and striatum among elderly Maged1 knockout mice was relatively mild compared to those in wild-type mice under physiological conditions. Taken together, this study suggested that Maged1 deficiency inhibited apoptosis and enhanced autophagy, which may provide a new potential target for the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Ye Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou-Na Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei-Yan You
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Videlock EJ, Hatami A, Zhu C, Kawaguchi R, Chen H, Khan T, Yehya AHS, Stiles L, Joshi S, Hoffman JM, Law KM, Rankin CR, Chang L, Maidment NT, John V, Geschwind DH, Pothoulakis C. Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression Changes in the Colon and Striatum of Young Mice Overexpressing Alpha-Synuclein Support Parkinson's Disease as a Multi-System Process. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:1127-1147. [PMID: 37638450 PMCID: PMC10657720 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports a role for the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mice overexpressing human wild type α- synuclein (Thy1-haSyn) exhibit slow colonic transit prior to motor deficits, mirroring prodromal constipation in PD. Identifying molecular changes in the gut could provide both biomarkers for early diagnosis and gut-targeted therapies to prevent progression. OBJECTIVE To identify early molecular changes in the gut-brain axis in Thy1-haSyn mice through gene expression profiling. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed on gut (colon) and brain (striatal) tissue from Thy1-haSyn and wild-type (WT) mice aged 1 and 3 months using 3' RNA sequencing. Analysis included differential expression, gene set enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS At one month, differential expression (Thy1-haSyn vs. WT) of mitochondrial genes and pathways related to PD was discordant between gut and brain, with negative enrichment in brain (enriched in WT) but positive enrichment in gut. Linear regression of WGCNA modules showed partial independence of gut and brain gene expression changes. Thy1-haSyn-associated WGCNA modules in the gut were enriched for PD risk genes and PD-relevant pathways including inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Changes in gene expression were modest at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of haSyn acutely disrupts gene expression in the colon. While changes in colon gene expression are highly related to known PD-relevant mechanisms, they are distinct from brain changes, and in some cases, opposite in direction. These findings are in line with the emerging view of PD as a multi-system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Videlock
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Asa Hatami
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- The Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Han Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasnin Khan
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swapna Joshi
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill M. Hoffman
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ka Man Law
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carl Robert Rankin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nigel T. Maidment
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- The Drug Discovery Lab, Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Subramanian A, Tamilanban T, Alsayari A, Ramachawolran G, Wong LS, Sekar M, Gan SH, Subramaniyan V, Chinni SV, Izzati Mat Rani NN, Suryadevara N, Wahab S. Trilateral association of autophagy, mTOR and Alzheimer's disease: Potential pathway in the development for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1094351. [PMID: 36618946 PMCID: PMC9817151 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1094351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary and considerable weakening event affecting elderly individuals is age-dependent cognitive decline and dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the chief cause of progressive dementia, and it is characterized by irreparable loss of cognitive abilities, forming senile plaques having Amyloid Beta (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles with considerable amounts of tau in affected hippocampus and cortex regions of human brains. AD affects millions of people worldwide, and the count is showing an increasing trend. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms at molecular levels to generate novel insights into the pathogenesis of AD and other cognitive deficits. A growing body of evidence elicits the regulatory relationship between the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and AD. In addition, the role of autophagy, a systematic degradation, and recycling of cellular components like accumulated proteins and damaged organelles in AD, is also pivotal. The present review describes different mechanisms and signaling regulations highlighting the trilateral association of autophagy, the mTOR pathway, and AD with a description of inhibiting drugs/molecules of mTOR, a strategic target in AD. Downregulation of mTOR signaling triggers autophagy activation, degrading the misfolded proteins and preventing the further accumulation of misfolded proteins that inhibit the progression of AD. Other target mechanisms such as autophagosome maturation, and autophagy-lysosomal pathway, may initiate a faulty autophagy process resulting in senile plaques due to defective lysosomal acidification and alteration in lysosomal pH. Hence, the strong link between mTOR and autophagy can be explored further as a potential mechanism for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T. Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gobinath Ramachawolran
- Department of Foundation, RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia,*Correspondence: T. Tamilanban, ; Gobinath Ramachawolran, ; Ling Shing Wong, ; Mahendran Sekar,
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience, and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nagaraja Suryadevara
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia,Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Wang Y, Xu S, Han C, Huang Y, Wei J, Wei S, Qin Q. Modulatory effects of curcumin on Singapore grouper iridovirus infection-associated apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:84-94. [PMID: 36206994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) with high pathogenicity can cause great economic losses to aquaculture industry. Thus, it is of urgency to find effective antiviral strategies to combat SGIV. Curcumin has been demonstrated effective antiviral activity on SGIV infection. However, the molecular mechanism behind this action needs to be further explanations. In view of the fact that apoptosis (type I programmed cell death) and autophagy (type II programmed cell death) were key regulators during SGIV infection, we aimed to investigate the relevance between antiviral activity of curcumin and SGIV-associated programmed and clarify the role of potential signaling pathways. Our results showed that curcumin suppressed SGIV-induced apoptosis. At the same time, the activities of caspase-3/8/9 and activating protein-1 (AP-1), P53, nuclear factor-κB (NF-ΚB) promoters were inhibited. Besides, the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activate protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signal pathways were suppressed in curcumin-treated cells. On the other hand, curcumin down-regulated protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway to promote autophagy representing by increased LC3 II and Beclin1 expression. Curcumin also hindered the transition of cells from G1 to S phase, as well as down-regulating the expression of CyclinD1. Our findings revealed the resistance curcumin induced to the effects of DNA virus on cell apoptosis and autophagy and the insights gained from this study may be of assistance to understand the molecular mechanism of curcumin against DNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suifeng Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengzong Han
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shina Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 528478, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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16
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Panza E, Meyyazhagan A, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Genetic heterogeneity and common pathways. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114203. [PMID: 35970204 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of disease, mainly characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs resulting from distal degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Although HSPs represent rare or ultra-rare conditions, with reported cases of mutated genes found in single families, overall, with 87 forms described, they are an important health and economic problem for society and patients. In fact, they are chronic and life-hindering conditions, still lacking a specific therapy. Notwithstanding the number of forms described, and 73 causative genes identified, overall, the molecular diagnostic rate varies among 29% to 61.8%, based on recent published analysis, suggesting that more genes are involved in HSP and/or that different molecular diagnostic approaches are necessary. The accumulating data in this field highlight several peculiar features of HSPs, such as genetic heterogeneity, the discovery that different mutations in a single gene can be transmitted in dominant and recessive trait in families and allelic heterogeneity, resulting in the involvement of HSP-genes in other conditions. Based on the observation of protein functions, the activity of many different proteins encoded by HSP-related genes converges into some distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This suggests that common pathways could be a potential target for a therapy, possibly addressing several forms at once. Furthermore, the overlap of HSP genes with other neurological conditions can further expand this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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17
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New Insights into the Molecular Interplay between Human Herpesviruses and Alzheimer’s Disease—A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081010. [PMID: 36009073 PMCID: PMC9406069 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) have been implicated as possible risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Persistent lifelong HHVs infections may directly or indirectly contribute to the generation of AD hallmarks: amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and synaptic loss. The present review focuses on summarizing current knowledge on the molecular mechanistic links between HHVs and AD that include processes involved in Aβ accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. A PubMed search was performed to collect all the available research data regarding the above mentioned mechanistic links between HHVs and AD pathology. The vast majority of research articles referred to the different pathways exploited by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 that could lead to AD pathology, while a few studies highlighted the emerging role of HHV 6, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr Virus. The elucidation of such potential links may guide the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics to counter this devastating neurological disorder that until now remains incurable.
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Transcription factor EB-mediated mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces autophagy and alleviates spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 defects in neuronal cells model. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:622. [PMID: 35851059 PMCID: PMC9293975 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Defects in ataxin-3 proteins and CAG repeat expansions in its coding gene ATXN3 cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) or Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) polyglutamine neurodegenerative disease. The mutant proteins aggregate as inclusion bodies in cells and compete with wild-type ataxin-3, which leads to neuronal dysfunction or death and impairs Beclin1-mediated autophagy. It has been reported that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reliably treat several neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we used a Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation-mediated MSCs co-culture approach to reconstitute autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, and reduce SCA3-like behaviors in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuron cells models. Our iPSCs model showed enhanced expression of autophagy proteins, attenuated the expression and toxic effects of mutant ataxin-3 on neurons, and alleviated the effects of ataxin-3 on autophagy. Therefore, MSCs are associated with autophagy-inducing therapy and compared to animal models, our MSCs co-culture could be used as a novel and potential therapeutic approach to study SCA3 disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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19
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Li Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Ren M, Wang X, Liu H, Lin Q, Wang J. Engineering Multifunctional Hydrogel-Integrated 3D Printed Bioactive Prosthetic Interfaces for Osteoporotic Osseointegration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102535. [PMID: 35040266 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3D printed porous titanium alloy implants is an advanced orthopedic material for joint replacement. However, the high risk of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infection is difficult to avoid, and the declined autophagy of osteoporosis-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (OP-BMSCs) further severely impairs the osseointegration under the osteoporotic circumstance. It is thus becoming urgently significant to develop orthopedic materials with autophagy regulation and antibacterial bioactivity. In this regard, a novel class of multifunctional hydrogel-integrated 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces is engineered for in situ osseointegration in osteoporosis. The hydrogel is fabricated from the dynamic crosslinking of synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and silver nanowires to deliver autophagy-regulated rapamycin. Therefore, the resultant soft material exhibits antibacterial ability, biocompatibility, degradability, conductive, self-healing, and stimuli-responsive abilities. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel-integrated 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces can restore the declined cellular activities of OP-BMSCs by upregulating the autophagy level and show excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. More remarkably, the multifunctional 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces significantly improve osseointegration and inhibit infection in osteoporotic environment in vivo. This study provides an efficient strategy to develop novel prosthetic interfaces to reduce complications after arthroplasty for patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhao Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Ming Ren
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Quan Lin
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Hospital of Jilin University No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province No. 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
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21
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Eshraghi M, Ahmadi M, Afshar S, Lorzadeh S, Adlimoghaddam A, Rezvani Jalal N, West R, Dastghaib S, Igder S, Torshizi SRN, Mahmoodzadeh A, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Albensi BC, Łos MJ, Ghavami S, Pecic S. Enhancing autophagy in Alzheimer's disease through drug repositioning. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108171. [PMID: 35304223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the biggest human health threats due to increases in aging of the global population. Unfortunately, drugs for treating AD have been largely ineffective. Interestingly, downregulation of macroautophagy (autophagy) plays an essential role in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, targeting autophagy has drawn considerable attention as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. However, developing new therapeutics is time-consuming and requires huge investments. One of the strategies currently under consideration for many diseases is "drug repositioning" or "drug repurposing". In this comprehensive review, we have provided an overview of the impact of autophagy on AD pathophysiology, reviewed the therapeutics that upregulate autophagy and are currently used in the treatment of other diseases, including cancers, and evaluated their repurposing as a possible treatment option for AD. In addition, we discussed the potential of applying nano-drug delivery to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, to overcome the challenge of crossing the blood brain barrier and specifically target molecules/pathways of interest with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada
| | | | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; Nova Southeastern Univ. College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, United States of America; University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America.
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The functional mechanism of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of animal models with Alzheimer's disease: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:90. [PMID: 35241159 PMCID: PMC8895531 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Based on meta-analysis and comprehensive review, high-profile studies support the theory that transplanted BMMSCs activate autophagy, as evidenced by the expression levels of signal molecules such as Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3-II, and mTOR. Functional autophagy mitigates neuronal apoptosis, which is reflected by the alterations of IAPs, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and so forth. Moreover, the transplantation of BMMSCs can decrease aberrant amyloid-beta peptides as well as tau aggregates, inhibit neuroinflammation, and stimulate synaptogenesis. There is a signal crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, which may be regulated to produce synergistic effect on the preconditioning of stem cells. Forasmuch, the therapeutic effect of transplanted BMMSCs can be enhanced by autophagy and/or apoptosis modulators.
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Rapaka D, Bitra VR, Challa SR, Adiukwu PC. mTOR signaling as a molecular target for the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105311. [PMID: 35218870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) belongs to the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family. mTOR signaling is required for the commencement of essential cell functions including autophagy. mTOR primarily governs cell growth in response to favourable nutrients and other growth stimuli. However, it also influences aging and other aspects of nutrient-related physiology such as protein synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, and cell proliferation in adults with very limited growth. The major processes for survival such as synaptic plasticity, memory storage and neuronal recovery involve a significant mTOR activity. mTOR dysregulation is becoming a prevalent motif in a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and other metabolic syndromes. The use of rapamycin to prolong life in different animal models may be attributable to the multiple roles played by mTOR signaling in various processes involved in ageing, protein translation, autophagy, stem cell pool turnover, inflammation, and cellular senescence. mTOR activity was found to be altered in AD brains and rodent models, supporting the notion that aberrant mTOR activity is one of the key events contributing to the onset and progression of AD hallmarks This review assesses the molecular association between the mTOR signaling pathway and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The research data supporting this theme are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Rapaka
- A.U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India.
| | | | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, 61614, USA.
| | - Paul C Adiukwu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Botswana, Gaborone, 0022, Botswana.
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24
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Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Mammalian target of rapamycin-novel insight for management of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Pharmacol 2022; 11:1-5. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), with blurred etiology, show a rising trend and are of global concern. Of various factors involved in IBD pathogenesis and development, inflammation has been shown to play a major role. Recognition of the molecular and cellular pathways that induce IBD is an emerging subject to develop targeted therapies. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one the most common receptors of many inflammatory pathways, including that of IBD. To this end, we intend to overview the mTOR inhibitors for their possible efficacy in present and future approaches to treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1941933111, Iran
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Yang XB, Zu HB, Zhao YF, Yao K. Agomelatine Prevents Amyloid Plaque Deposition, Tau Phosphorylation, and Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:766410. [PMID: 35153715 PMCID: PMC8828541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.766410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine, an agonist of melatonergic MT1 and MT2 receptors and a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor antagonist, is widely applied in treating depression and insomnia symptoms in several neurogenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of agomelatine in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is less known. In this study, a total of 30 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, wild type (WT), APP/PS1, and agomelatine (50 mg/kg). After 30 days, the Morris water maze was performed to test the cognitive ability of mice. Then, all mice were sacrificed, and the hippocampus tissues were collected for ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. In this study, we found that agomelatine attenuated spatial memory deficit, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Further study demonstrated that agomelatine treatment upregulated the protein expression of DHCR24 and downregulated P-Akt, P-mTOR, p-p70s6k, Hes1, and Notch1 expression. In summary, our results identified that agomelatine could improve cognitive impairment and ameliorate AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice via activating DHCR24 signaling and inhibiting Akt/mTOR and Hes1/Notch1 signaling pathway. Agomelatine may become a promising drug candidate in the therapy of AD.
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26
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Meng Y, Feng R, Yang Z, Liu T, Huo T, Jiang H. Oxidative stress induced by realgar in neurons: p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 perturb autophagy and induce the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114582. [PMID: 34492322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the influence of traditional medication habits (TCM has no toxicity or side effects), arsenic poisoning incidents caused by the abuse of realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines have occurred occasionally. However, the potential mechanism of central nervous system toxicity of realgar remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify the specific mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the roles of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in realgar-induced neuronal autophagy and overactivation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor (Nrf2) signalling pathways was investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The arsenic in realgar passed through the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in the brain, resulting in damage to neurons, synapses and myelin sheaths in the cerebral cortex and a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity. The specific mechanism is that the excessive activation of Nrf2 is regulated by the upstream signalling molecules ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. At the same time, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 interfere with autophagy, thereby promoting autophagy initiation but causing subsequent dysfunctional autophagic degradation and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to promote Nrf2 signalling pathway activation and nerve cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the role of the signalling molecules p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in perturbing autophagy and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway in realgar-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Multiple Mechanisms Converging on Transcription Factor EB Activation by the Natural Phenol Pterostilbene. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:7658501. [PMID: 34992716 PMCID: PMC8727145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7658501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (Pt) is a potentially beneficial plant phenol. In contrast to many other natural compounds (including the more celebrated resveratrol), Pt concentrations producing significant effects in vitro can also be reached with relative ease in vivo. Here we focus on some of the mechanisms underlying its activity, those involved in the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). A set of processes leading to this outcome starts with the generation of ROS, attributed to the interaction of Pt with complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and spreads to involve Ca2+ mobilization from the ER/mitochondria pool, activation of CREB and AMPK, and inhibition of mTORC1. TFEB migration to the nucleus results in the upregulation of autophagy and lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cells exposed to several μM levels of Pt experience a mitochondrial crisis, an indication for using low doses in therapeutic or nutraceutical applications. Pt afforded significant functional improvements in a zebrafish embryo model of ColVI-related myopathy, a pathology which also involves defective autophagy. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with Pt reduced body weight gain and increased transcription levels of Ppargc1a and Tfeb in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. These in vivo findings strengthen the in vitro observations and highlight the therapeutic potential of this natural compound.
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28
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Guo Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Dai N, Zhou F, Yang H, Sun W, Kong J, Yuan X, Gao S. Associations of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection and Low Beclin1 Expression With Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609976. [PMID: 34955686 PMCID: PMC8692246 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study focused on exploring the associations of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection and low Beclin1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, so as to illustrate its clinical significance and prognostic value. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect P. gingivalis infection status and Beclin1 expression in 370 ESCC patients. The chi-square test was adopted to illustrate the relationship between categorical variables, and Cohen's kappa coefficient was used for correlation analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test were used to analyse the correlation of P. gingivalis infection and low Beclin1 expression with survival time. The effects of P. gingivalis infection and Beclin1 downregulation on the proliferation, migration and antiapoptotic abilities of ESCC cells in vitro were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing and flow cytometry assays. For P. gingivalis infection of ESCC cells, cell culture medium was replaced with antibiotic-free medium when the density of ESCC cells was 70-80%, cells were inoculated with P. gingivalis at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10. Result: P. gingivalis infection was negatively correlated with Beclin1 expression in ESCC tissues, and P. gingivalis infection and low Beclin1 expression were associated with differentiation status, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and prognosis in ESCC patients. In vitro experiments confirmed that P. gingivalis infection and Beclin1 downregulation potentiate the proliferation, migration and antiapoptotic abilities of ESCC cells (KYSE150 and KYSE30). Our results provide evidence that P. gingivalis infection and low Beclin1 expression were associated with the development and progression of ESCC. Conclusion: Long-term smoking and alcohol consumption causes poor oral and esophageal microenvironments and ESCC patients with these features were more susceptible to P. gingivalis infection and persistent colonization, and exhibited lower Beclin1 expression, worse prognosis and more advanced clinicopathological features. Our findings indicate that effectively eliminating P. gingivalis colonization and restoring Beclin1 expression in ESCC patients may contribute to preventation and targeted treatment, and yield new insights into the aetiological research on ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- College of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Ningtao Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of PE, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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29
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Kong L, Zhang Q, Mao J, Cheng L, Shi X, Yu L, Hu J, Yang M, Li L, Liu B, Qian X. A dual-targeted molecular therapy of PP242 and cetuximab plays an anti-tumor effect through EGFR downstream signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1625-1642. [PMID: 34532116 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK, MEK)-extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The combination therapy of anti-EGFR and anti-mTOR needs to be explored. Methods Here we combined the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab (CTX) with the mTOR inhibitor PP242 in CRC cell lines and mouse xenograft models and discussed the changes of EGFR downstream signaling pathways of CRC cell lines. Results In HT-29 cells and Caco-2 cells, combined application of CTX and PP242 significantly inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in vivo and in vitro. In BRAF wild-type Caco-2 cells, combined application of CTX and PP242 inhibited the activation of the EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways. Conclusions Our research further demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of CTX and PP242 in inhibiting CRC cell lines from the perspective of cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mouse xenografts. We revealed that the combined application of CTX and PP242 can inhibit tumor growth and proliferation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of key molecules in EGFR downstream MEK-ERK and MEK 4/7 (MKK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in BRAF wild-type CRC cells. In addition, we found that in BRAF mutant CRC cells, the monotherapy of PP242 resulted in negative feedback increased EGFR phosphorylation rates, accompanied by significant up-regulation of downstream MEK and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Kong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialei Mao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Synaptic Alterations in a Transgenic Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Relevance to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810058. [PMID: 34576223 PMCID: PMC8466868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, multi-system genetic disease with serious neurological and mental symptoms, including autism. Mutations in the TSC1/TSC2 genes lead to the overactivation of mTOR signalling, which is also linked to nonsyndromic autism. Our aim was to analyse synaptic pathology in a transgenic model of TSC: two-month-old male B6;129S4-Tsc2tm1Djk/J mice with Tsc2 haploinsufficiency. Significant brain-region-dependent alterations in the expression of several synaptic proteins were identified. The most prominent changes were observed in the immunoreactivity of presynaptic VAMP1/2 (ca. 50% increase) and phospho-synapsin-1 (Ser62/67) (ca. 80% increase). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated serious ultrastructural abnormalities in synapses such as a blurred structure of synaptic density and a significantly increased number of synaptic vesicles. The impairment of synaptic mitochondrial ultrastructure was represented by excessive elongation, swelling, and blurred crista contours. Polyribosomes in the cytoplasm and swollen Golgi apparatus suggest possible impairment of protein metabolism. Moreover, the delamination of myelin and the presence of vacuolar structures in the cell nucleus were observed. We also report that Tsc2+/- mice displayed increased brain weights and sizes. The behavioural analysis demonstrated the impairment of memory function, as established in the novel object recognition test. To summarise, our data indicate serious synaptic impairment in the brains of male Tsc2+/- mice.
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Wang Y, Xiong M, Wang M, Chen H, Li W, Zhou X. Quercetin promotes locomotor function recovery and axonal regeneration through induction of autophagy after spinal cord injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1642-1652. [PMID: 34407225 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que), one of the flavonoids, exerts numerous actions on the central nervous system. However, the roles and underlying mechanism of Que in locomotor function recovery and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been fully elucidated. A rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) was established at T10 using the modified Allen's method. The results in our study indicated that Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scores were significantly higher after Que treatment. Additionally, Que administration cut down the latency of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP), increased the amplitude of MEP and SEP following SCI. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining demonstrated that Que administration reduced lesion size and cavity formation. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) anterograde tracing revealed that BDA positive fibres were increased by Que following SCI. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Que elevated 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) positive nerve fibres and neurofilament-200 (NF-200) positive neurons, reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes. In addition, Que inhibited GFAP expression, increased both NeuN and NF-200 expression and facilitated the spinal cord energy metabolism. Moreover, Que increased 18 F-FDG uptake in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Que increased Beclin 1 and LC3 II expression, blocked the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partly abolished the neuro-protective roles of Que following SCI. Taken together, our study suggested that Que might promote locomotor function recovery, axonal regeneration and energy metabolism through induction of autophagy via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Wang
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Puning City, Orthopaedic Hospital of Puning City, Puning, China
| | - Hongdong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Joint, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Xu Y, Wei L, Tang S, Shi Q, Wu B, Yang X, Zou Y, Wang X, Ao Q, Meng L, Wei X, Zhang N, Li Y, Lan C, Chen M, Li X, Lu C. Regulation PP2Ac methylation ameliorating autophagy dysfunction caused by Mn is associated with mTORC1/ULK1 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112441. [PMID: 34363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure leads to autophagy dysfunction and causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of neurotoxicity of Mn has been less clear. The methylation of the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit determines the dephosphorylation activity of protein phosphatase and plays an important role in autophagy regulation. In this investigation, we established a model of Mn (0-2000 μmol/L) exposure to N2a cells for 12 h, used the PPME-1 inhibitor ABL-127, and constructed an LCMT1-overexpressing N2a cell line. We also regulated the PP2Ac methylation level and explored the effect of PP2Ac methylation on Mn-induced (0-1000 μmol/L) N2a cellular autophagy. Our results showed that Mn > 500 μmol/L induced N2a cell damage and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, Mn modulated autophagy in N2a cells by downregulating PP2Ac methylation, which regulated mTORC1 signaling pathway activation. Both ABL-127 and LCMT1 overexpression can upregulate PP2Ac methylation in parallel with ameliorating N2a cell abnormal autophagy induced by Mn, Briefly, the upregulation of PP2Ac methylation can ameliorate the autophagy disorder of N2a by Mn and effectively alleviate Mn-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, indicating that regulation of autophagy is a protective strategy against Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lancheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ling Meng
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xuejing Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunhua Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Muting Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Querfurth H, Lee HK. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:44. [PMID: 34215308 PMCID: PMC8252260 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel targets to arrest neurodegeneration in several dementing conditions involving misfolded protein accumulations may be found in the diverse signaling pathways of the Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR has important homeostatic functions to regulate energy metabolism and support neuronal growth and plasticity. However, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), mTOR alternately plays important pathogenic roles by inhibiting both insulin signaling and autophagic removal of β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-tau (ptau) aggregates. It also plays a role in the cerebrovascular dysfunction of AD. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase residing at the core in either of two multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Recent data suggest that their balanced actions also have implications for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Beyond rapamycin; an mTOR inhibitor, there are rapalogs having greater tolerability and micro delivery modes, that hold promise in arresting these age dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li N, Shi F, Wang X, Yang P, Sun K, Zhang L, Hao X, Li X, Li J, Jin Y. Silica dust exposure induces pulmonary fibrosis through autophagy signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1269-1277. [PMID: 33720480 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a well-acknowledged occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of a large amount of free silica dust during the production period and eventually a considerable negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Autophagy exerts a critical influence on immune and inflammatory responses during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we sought to determine whether autophagy is involved in silicosis's pathogenesis and how it may affect pulmonary cellular physiology. In the animal experiments, we found persistent activation of autophagy in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which was also accompanied by tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor expression increased. Therefore, the autophagy signaling pathway may regulate the inflammatory response and affect the progression of fibrosis. Further, in vitro experiments, we used LY294002, RAPA, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intervened autophagy. Our results showed that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the autophagy changed mediated by SiO2 exposed, and autophagy might play a protective role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, NAC's effect is not apparent on SiO2 -mediated autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but it can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO2-exposed. Nevertheless, it's interesting that NAC can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO2 -exposed. Taken together, our data demonstrated that SiO2 -exposed can induce pulmonary fibrosis along with autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, NAC could alleviate the inflammatory response NR8383 cells by SiO2 -exposed through non PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and the specific mechanism of its action needs further studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Health and Family Planning Enforcement Bureau, Baotou, China
| | - Pan Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Kun Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
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35
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Gumeni S, Vantaggiato C, Montopoli M, Orso G. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Future Therapeutic Directions: Beneficial Effects of Small Compounds Acting on Cellular Stress. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660714. [PMID: 34025345 PMCID: PMC8134669 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative conditions that share a characteristic feature of degeneration of the longest axons within the corticospinal tract, which leads to progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Mutations of over 70 genes produce defects in various biological pathways: axonal transport, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) shaping, mitochondrial function, and endosomal trafficking. HSPs suffer from an adequate therapeutic plan. Currently the treatments foreseen for patients affected by this pathology are physiotherapy, to maintain the outgoing tone, and muscle relaxant therapies for spasticity. Very few clinical studies have been conducted, and it's urgent to implement preclinical animal studies devoted to pharmacological test and screening, to expand the rose of compounds potentially attractive for clinical trials. Small animal models, such as Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish, have been generated, analyzed, and used as preclinical model for screening of compounds and their effects. In this work, we briefly described the role of HSP-linked proteins in the organization of ER endomembrane system and in the regulation of ER homeostasis and stress as a common pathological mechanism for these HSP forms. We then focused our attention on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of some recently identified molecules with antioxidant property, such as salubrinal, guanabenz, N-acetyl cysteine, methylene blue, rapamycin, and naringenin, and on their potential use in future clinical studies. Expanding the models and the pharmacological screening for HSP disease is necessary to give an opportunity to patients and clinicians to test new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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36
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603224. [PMID: 33763351 PMCID: PMC7982729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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37
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Suares A, Medina MV, Coso O. Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603224
expr 816899697 + 824303767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.
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38
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Chen MY, Fan K, Zhao LJ, Wei JM, Gao JX, Li ZF. Long non-coding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) sponges microRNA-124-3p to up-regulate phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) to accelerate the progression of Parkinson's disease. Bioengineered 2021; 12:708-719. [PMID: 33522352 PMCID: PMC8806245 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1883279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reportedly, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are crucial modulators in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we investigated the role of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in Parkinson's disease (PD). In-vitro PD model was established based on SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). NEAT1, microRNA (miR) -124-3p and phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) expression levels were examined by qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and LDH release assay were adopted to delve into the cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. Besides, western blot was utilized to determine mTOR, p-mTOR and PDE4B expression levels. ELISA was executed to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were used to probe the relationship between miR-124-3p and NEAT1 or PDE4B. We demonstrated that, in SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+, NEAT1 and PDE4B expression levels were raised, while miR-124-3p expression was repressed; NEAT1 depletion or miR-124-3p overexpression increased the cell viability and suppressed cell injury. Besides, miR-124-3p was confirmed as the direct target of NEAT1, and its down-regulation counteracted the impact of NEAT1 depletion on SH-SY5Y cells. PDE4B was as the downstream target of miR-124-3p, and its overexpression weakens the impact of miR-124-3p on SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, NEAT1 decoyed miR-124-3p to modulate PDE4B expression. Collectively, in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells, NEAT1 depletion increases cell viability, represses cytotoxicity and reduces inflammatory response by regulating miR-124-3p and PDE4B expression levels, suggesting that NEAT1 may be a promising target for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City Shandong, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi City Shandong, China
| | - Lian-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi City Shandong, China
| | - Jie-Mei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Xu Gao
- Department of Laboratory, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi City Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City Shandong, China
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Lu Q, Wang PS, Yang L. Golgi-associated Rab GTPases implicated in autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33557950 PMCID: PMC7869216 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process in eukaryotes that facilitates the recycling and reutilization of damaged organelles and compartments. It plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, pathophysiological processes, and diverse diseases in humans. Autophagy involves dynamic crosstalk between different stages associated with intracellular vesicle trafficking. Golgi apparatus is the central organelle involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking where Golgi-associated Rab GTPases function as important mediators. This review focuses on the recent findings that highlight Golgi-associated Rab GTPases as master regulators of autophagic flux. The scope for future research in elucidating the role and mechanism of Golgi-associated Rab GTPases in autophagy and autophagy-related diseases is discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Po-Shun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.
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40
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Zhang W, Feng C, Jiang H. Novel target for treating Alzheimer's Diseases: Crosstalk between the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101207. [PMID: 33144123 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (henceforth, "the Nrf2 pathway") and autophagy are major intracellular defence systems that combat oxidative damage and maintain homeostasis. p62/SQSTM1, a ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptor protein, links the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy. Phosphorylation of p62 dramatically enhances its affinity for Keap1, which induces Keap1 to release Nrf2, and the p62-Keap1 heterodimer recruits LC3 and mediates the permanent degradation of Keap1 in the selective autophagy pathway. Eventually, Nrf2 accumulates in the cytoplasm and then translocates into the nucleus to activate the transcription of downstream genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, which protect cells from oxidative damage. Since Nrf2 also upregulates the expression of the p62 gene, a p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop is created that further enhances the protective effect on cells. Studies have shown that the p62-activated noncanonical Nrf2 pathway is an important marker of neurodegenerative diseases. The p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop and the Nrf2 pathway are involved in eliminating the ROS and protein aggregates induced by AD. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 positive feedback loop, which is a bridge between the Nrf2 pathway and autophagy, may be a potential target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Chen J, Teng D, Wu Z, Li W, Feng Y, Tang Y, Liu G. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction via Network Pharmacology. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:91-102. [PMID: 33332098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used to treat diseases over a long history, but it is still a great challenge to uncover the underlying mechanisms for their therapeutic effects due to the complexity of their ingredients. Based on a novel network pharmacology-based approach, we explored in this study the potential therapeutic targets of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH) decoction in its neuroendocrine immunomodulation (NIM) function. We not only collected the known targets of the compounds in LWDH but also predicted the targets for these compounds using the balanced substructure-drug-target network-based inference (bSDTNBI), which is a target prediction method based on network inferring developed by our laboratory. A "target-(pathway)-target" (TPT) network, in which targets of LWDH were connected by relevant pathways, was constructed and divided into several separate modules with strong internal connections. Then the target module that contributes the most to NIM function was determined through a contribution scoring algorithm. Finally, the targets with the highest contribution score to NIM-related diseases in this target module were recommended as potential therapeutic targets of LWDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dan Teng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqian Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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42
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Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Berberine Administration in Treatment of Colitis: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1385-1393. [PMID: 32564751 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200621193758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (Brb) is one of the well-known naturally occurring compounds exclusively found in Berberis vulgaris and other members of this family, such as Berberis aristata, Berberis aroatica, and Berberis aquifolium. This plant-derived natural compound has a variety of therapeutic impacts, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Brb has great anti-inflammatory activity and is capable of reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, while it enhances the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines, making it suitable for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease with chronic nature. Several factors are involved in the development of colitis and it appears that inflammation and oxidative stress are the most important ones. With respect to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Brb, its administration seems to be beneficial in the treatment of colitis. In the present review, the protective effects of Brb in colitis treatment and its impact on molecular pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran,Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Wang S, Wang C, Wang L, Cai Z. Minocycline Inhibits mTOR Signaling Activation and Alleviates Behavioral Deficits in the Wistar Rats with Acute Ischemia stroke. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:791-799. [PMID: 32867663 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200831153748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been evidenced as a multimodal therapy in the pathophysiological process of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS). However, the pathway that minocycline targets mTOR signaling is not fully defined in the AIS pathogenesis. This study aims at the roles of minocycline on the mTOR signaling in the AIS process and further discovers the underlying mechanisms of minocycline involved in the following change of mTOR signaling-autophagy. METHODS Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) rat animal models were established with the transient suture occlusion into the middle cerebral artery. Minocycline (50mg/kg) was given by intragastric administration. The Morris water maze was used to test the cognitive function of animals. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were introduced for testing the levels of synaptophysin and PSD-95. Western blot was conducted for investigating the levels of mTOR, p-mTOR (Ser2448), p70S6, p-p70S6 (Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366), p-eIF4B (Ser406), LC3, p62, synaptophysin and PSD-95. RESULTS Minocycline prevents the cognitive decline of the MCAO stroke rats. Minocycline limits the expression of p-mTOR (Ser2448) and the downstream targets of mTOR [p70S6, p-p70S6 (Thr389), eEF2k, p-eEF2k (Ser366) and p-eIF4B (Ser406)] (P<0.01), while minocycline has no influence on mTOR. LC3-II abundance and the LC3-II/I ratio were upregulated in the hippocampus of the MCAO stroke rats by the minocycline therapy (P<0.01). p62 was downregulated in the hippocampus from the MCAO stroke rats administrated with minocycline therapy(P<0.01). The levels of SYP and PSD-95 were upregulated in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats administrated with minocycline therapy. CONCLUSION Minocycline prevents cognitive deficits via inhibiting mTOR signaling and enhancing the autophagy process, and promoting the expression of pre- and postsynaptic proteins (synaptophysin and PSD-95) in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats. The potential neuroprotective role of minocycline in the process of cerebral ischemia may be related to mitigating ischemia-induced synapse injury via inhibiting the activation of mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, Chongqing, China
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Li J, Li M, Wang C, Zhang S, Gao Q, Wang L, Ma L. NaSH increases SIRT1 activity and autophagy flux through sulfhydration to protect SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2216-2225. [PMID: 32787548 PMCID: PMC7513839 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevailing aging diseases around the world. The present study was to investigate the potential effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells and its underlying mechanisms in PD. SH-SY5Y cells were induced by MPP~+ and treated with the H2S donor NaHS to detect the effect of H2S on the molecular behaviors of MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. NaHS reduced the apoptosis rate and expressions of MDA, 4-HNE and p62, while increased cell viability, autophagy flux and expressions of LC3 II/I and Beclin1 in MPP~+ induced SH-SY5Y cells. Then, levels of autophagy-related proteins and inflammation-related proteins (TNF-α, IL-Iβ) were detected, indicating that Chloroquine and Sirtinol reversed the protective effect of H2S on SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~+. We further explored the particular function of H2S, SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP~+, NaHS chloroquine, and SIRT1 inhibitor (Sirtinol). The results showed that H2S increased SIRT1 expression and sulfhydration. Finally, a PD mouse model verified the above results. In a word, H2S ameliorated SIRT1 activity through acceleration of SIRT1 sulfhydration to increase the autophagy flux and attenuate damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP~+. H2S and SIRT1 activator might be a target in the treatment of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shuhu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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Norwitz NG, Querfurth H. mTOR Mysteries: Nuances and Questions About the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:775. [PMID: 32903821 PMCID: PMC7438931 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin protein complex, mTORC1, has received attention in recent years for its role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Numerous excellent reviews have been written on the pathways and drug targeting of this keystone regulator of metabolism. However, none have specifically highlighted several important nuances of mTOR regulation as relates to neurodegeneration. Herein, we focus on six such nuances/open questions: (1) "Antagonistic pleiotropy" - Should we weigh the beneficial anabolic functions of mTORC1 against its harmful inhibition of autophagy? (2) "Early/late-stage specificity" - Does the relative importance of these neuroprotective/neurotoxic actions change as a disease progresses? (3) "Regional specificity" - Does mTOR signaling respond differently to the same interventions in different brain regions? (4) "Disease specificity" - Could the same intervention to inhibit mTORC1 help in one disease and cause harm in another disease? (5) "Personalized therapy" - Might genetically-informed personalized therapies that inhibit particular nodes in the mTORC1 regulatory network be more effective than generalized therapies? (6) "Lifestyle interventions" - Could specific diets, micronutrients, or exercise alter mTORC1 signaling to prevent or improve the progression neurodegenerative diseases? This manuscript is devoted to discussing recent research findings that offer insights into these gaps in the literature, with the aim of inspiring further inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Norwitz
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Hu F, Shao L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wen A, Zhang P. Knockdown of ZFAS1 Inhibits Hippocampal Neurons Apoptosis and Autophagy by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway via Up-regulating miR-421 in Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2433-2441. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Graphene oxide enhances β-amyloid clearance by inducing autophagy of microglia and neurons. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ahsan AU, Sharma VL, Wani A, Chopra M. Naringenin Upregulates AMPK-Mediated Autophagy to Rescue Neuronal Cells From β-Amyloid (1-42) Evoked Neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3589-3602. [PMID: 32542594 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of an amyloid-β peptide is one of the first events in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is clinically characterized by Aβ plaques, tau tangles, and behavioral impairments that lead to neuronal death. A substantial number of studies encourage targeting the skewness in the production and degradation of amyloid-β could be among the promising therapies in the disease. Neuronal autophagy has emerged for an essential role in the degradation of such toxic aggregate-prone proteins in various neurodegenerative diseases. We profiled a small library of common dietary compounds and identified those that can enhance autophagy in neuronal cells. Here we noted naringenin in silico exhibits a robust affinity with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and upregulated AMPK-mediated autophagy signaling in neurons. Naringenin can induce autophagy promoting proteins such as ULK1, Beclin1, ATG5, and ATG7 in Neuro2a cells and primary mouse neurons as well. The knockdown of AMPK by siRNA-AMPK was complemented by naringenin that restored transcript levels of AMPK. Further, naringenin can reduce the levels of Aβ at a nontoxic concentration from neuronal cells. Moreover, it maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential and resisted reactive oxygen species production, which led to the protection against Aβ1-42 evoked neurotoxicity. This highlights the neuroprotective potential of naringenin that can be developed as an anti-amyloidogenic nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitizaz Ul Ahsan
- Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Abubakar Wani
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mani Chopra
- Cytogenetics Lab, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Sancandi M, Uysal-Onganer P, Kraev I, Mercer A, Lange S. Protein Deimination Signatures in Plasma and Plasma-EVs and Protein Deimination in the Brain Vasculature in a Rat Model of Pre-Motor Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082743. [PMID: 32326590 PMCID: PMC7215947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is of pivotal importance for improving approaches for clinical intervention. The use of translatable animal models of pre-motor PD therefore offers optimal opportunities for novel biomarker discovery in vivo. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of calcium-activated enzymes that contribute to protein misfolding through post-translational deimination of arginine to citrulline. Furthermore, PADs are an active regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Both protein deimination and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increased attention in relation to neurodegenerative diseases, including in PD, while roles in pre-motor PD have yet to be investigated. The current study aimed at identifying protein candidates of deimination in plasma and plasma-EVs in a rat model of pre-motor PD, to assess putative contributions of such post-translational changes in the early stages of disease. EV-cargo was further assessed for deiminated proteins as well as three key micro-RNAs known to contribute to inflammation and hypoxia (miR21, miR155, and miR210) and also associated with PD. Overall, there was a significant increase in circulating plasma EVs in the PD model compared with sham animals and inflammatory and hypoxia related microRNAs were significantly increased in plasma-EVs of the pre-motor PD model. A significantly higher number of protein candidates were deiminated in the pre-motor PD model plasma and plasma-EVs, compared with those in the sham animals. KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways identified for deiminated proteins in the pre-motor PD model were linked to “Alzheimer’s disease”, “PD”, “Huntington’s disease”, “prion diseases”, as well as for “oxidative phosphorylation”, “thermogenesis”, “metabolic pathways”, “Staphylococcus aureus infection”, gap junction, “platelet activation”, “apelin signalling”, “retrograde endocannabinoid signalling”, “systemic lupus erythematosus”, and “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”. Furthermore, PD brains showed significantly increased staining for total deiminated proteins in the brain vasculature in cortex and hippocampus, as well as increased immunodetection of deiminated histone H3 in dentate gyrus and cortex. Our findings identify EVs and post-translational protein deimination as novel biomarkers in early pre-motor stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sancandi
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Audrey Mercer
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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Majer A, McGreevy A, Booth TF. Molecular Pathogenicity of Enteroviruses Causing Neurological Disease. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:540. [PMID: 32328043 PMCID: PMC7161091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that primarily cause self-limiting gastrointestinal or respiratory illness. In some cases, these viruses can invade the central nervous system, causing life-threatening neurological diseases including encephalitis, meningitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). As we near the global eradication of poliovirus, formerly the major cause of AFP, the number of AFP cases have not diminished implying a non-poliovirus etiology. As the number of enteroviruses linked with neurological disease is expanding, of which many had previously little clinical significance, these viruses are becoming increasingly important to public health. Our current understanding of these non-polio enteroviruses is limited, especially with regards to their neurovirulence. Elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of these viruses is paramount for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the clinical diseases associated with neurotropic enteroviruses and discusses recent advances in the understanding of viral invasion of the central nervous system, cell tropism and molecular pathogenesis as it correlates with host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Majer
- Viral Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alan McGreevy
- Viral Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Timothy F Booth
- Viral Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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