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Elsheref M, Cao X, Tarr MA. Time dependence of aldehyde and ketone oxocarboxylic acid photoproduct generation from crude oil-seawater systems under solar irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134427. [PMID: 38696957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Aldehyde and ketone oxocarboxylic acid photoproducts were semi-quantitated in the aqueous phase after subjecting Macondo (MC252) crude oil-seawater systems to simulated solar irradiation. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was applied after derivatizing the samples with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Oil-seawater was irradiated at 27.0 °C using a solar simulator for 1 to 18 h. Following irradiation, the aqueous phase was treated with DNPH to generate aldehyde-DNPH and ketone-DNPH derivatives. Solid-phase extraction enriched the samples before analyzing them using (-) ESI-MS/MS. Precursor and product ion spectra were used to select carboxylic acid-containing aldehydes and ketones and provide semi-quantitation using surrogate standards and an internal standard. Loss of m/z 44 (CO2) in the product ion spectra further confirmed the carboxylic acid character. Near-linear increases in photoproduct concentration in the aqueous phase were observed over the 18 h irradiation period. Among the aldehyde and ketone oxocarboxylic acid photoproducts studied, photoproduction rates ranged from 0.6 - 69 µmol/h·m2 of oil surface. Despite some fluctuations, a general trend of lower production rate with higher molecular weight was observed. These results demonstrate the near-linear dependence of photoproduction on irradiance and provide ranges of rates that can be applied to modeling aldehyde and ketone oxocarboxylic acid photoproduction in ocean spills. STATEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Crude oil on seawater degrades when exposed to sunlight. Oxygenated molecules are produced, including carboxylic acid-containing aldehydes and ketones. The formation of these photoproducts from oil films behaves linearly with solar exposure time. These photoproducts are more soluble than the original oil molecules, allowing them to have increased bioavailability and potentially increased toxicity. The rate of formation of these species when oil is exposed to sunlight determines their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, USA
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, USA.
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2
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Podgorski DC, Walley J, Shields MP, Hebert D, Harsha ML, Spencer RGM, Tarr MA, Zito P. Dispersant-enhanced photodissolution of macondo crude oil: A molecular perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132558. [PMID: 37729707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous laboratory studies developed a conceptual model based on elevated non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) concentrations after photodegradation and subsequent dissolution of Macondo oil following the Deepwater Horizon blowout. However, those experiments did not account for the effects of ∼1 million gallons of dispersant applied to the surface oil. Here, laboratory results show photodissolution in the presence of dispersant results in > 2x increase in NVDOC concentrations after extensive photoprocessing relative to oil without dispersant. This result corresponds with an apparent increase in the percentage of surface oil photodissolution from approximately 4% in the absence of dispersant to 7% in the presence of dispersant. The oil and dissolved products were analyzed by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds that persisted in the oil phase are relatively aromatic without dispersant, while those in the presence of dispersant are highly aliphatic, paraffinic, wax-like compounds. The composition of the dissolved compounds produced from both treatment types are nearly identical after 240 h of exposure to simulated sunlight. The NVDOC and chemical composition information indicate that the photodissolution of MC252 oil in the presence of dispersant is enhanced and accelerated, suggesting that the effects of dispersants should be included in mass transfer calculations from the oil to the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Shea Penland Coastal Education and Research Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States.
| | - Jacob Walley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs, NC 28017, United States
| | - Matthew P Shields
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Deja Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Maxwell L Harsha
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
| | - Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States; Chemical Analysis & Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans, LA 70148, United States
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3
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Elsheref M, Messina L, Tarr MA. Photochemistry of oil in marine systems: developments since the Deepwater Horizon spill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1878-1908. [PMID: 37881013 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills represent a major source of negative environmental impacts in marine systems. Despite many decades of research on oil spill behavior, photochemistry was neglected as a major factor in the fate of oil spilled in marine systems. Subsequent to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, numerous studies using varied approaches have demonstrated the importance of photochemistry, including short-term impacts (hours to days) that were previously unrecognized. These studies have demonstrated the importance of photochemistry in the overall oil transformation after a spill and more specifically the impacts on emulsification, oxygenation, and microbial interactions. In addition to new perspectives, advances in analytical approaches have allowed an improved understanding of oil photochemistry after maritime spill. Although the literature on the Deepwater Horizon spill is extensive, this review focuses only on studies relevant to the advances in oil photochemistry understanding since the Deepwater Horizon spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsheref
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Lena Messina
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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4
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Zito P, Podgorski DC, Tarr MA. Emerging Chemical Methods for Petroleum and Petroleum-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:429-450. [PMID: 37314877 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that oil chemistry and oils spills have been studied for many years, there are still emerging techniques and unknown processes to be explored. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a revival of oil spill research across a wide range of fields. These studies provided many new insights, but unanswered questions remain. Over 1,000 journal articles related to the Deepwater Horizon spill are indexed by the Chemical Abstract Service. Numerous ecological, human health, and organismal studies were published. Analytical tools applied to the spill include mass spectrometry, chromatography, and optical spectroscopy. Owing to the large scale of studies, this review focuses on three emerging areas that have been explored but remain underutilized in oil spill characterization: excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, black carbon analysis, and trace metal analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Chemical Analysis and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Chemical Analysis and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
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Lima BD, Martins LL, Pereira VB, Franco DMM, Dos Santos IR, Santos JM, Vaz BG, Azevedo DA, da Cruz GF. Weathering impacts on petroleum biomarker, aromatic, and polar compounds in the spilled oil at the northeast coast of Brazil over time. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114744. [PMID: 36870139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
After the wide oil spill reached the northeast of Brazil, the resurgence of oil was recorded and to evaluate this oil in detail, two samples collected in the state of Pernambuco in 2019 and 2021 were submitted to multiple analytical techniques. For both, we have found similar saturated biomarkers and triaromatic steroid ratios, implying that they are from the same spilled source. The n-alkanes, isoprenoids, and cycloalkanes were almost completely degraded due to evaporation, photooxidation, and/or biodegradation processes. The preferential loss of less alkylated PAHs than the more alkylated ones suggests that biodegradation was the most active process. This hypothesis is reinforced by the formation of mono and dicarboxylic acids assessed by GC × GC-TOFMS and ESI(-) FT-ICR MS high-resolution techniques. Furthermore, based on the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS results, three new ratios were proposed to evaluate the progress of the biodegradation process over time: Ox>2/O, SOx/SO, and SOx/N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara D Lima
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Laercio L Martins
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius B Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ignes R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jandyson M Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Débora A Azevedo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgiana F da Cruz
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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Cai Z, Yang F, Song Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang Q, Sun X. Semiconducting mineral induced photochemical conversion of PAHs in aquatic environment: Mechanism study and fate prediction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160382. [PMID: 36460111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting minerals (such as iron sulfides) are highly abundant in surface water, but their influences on the natural photochemical process of contaminants are still unknown. By simulating the natural water environment under solar irradiation, this work comprehensively investigated the photochemical processes of anthracene (a typical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in both freshwater and seawater. The results show that the natural pyrite (NP) significantly promotes the degradation of anthracene under solar illumination via 1) NP induced photocatalytic degradation of anthracene, and 2) Fenton reaction due to the NP induced photocatalytic generation of H2O2. The material characterization and theoretical calculation reveal that the natural impurity in NP enlarges its band gap, which limits the utilization of solar spectra to shorter wavelength. The contribution of generated reactive intermediates on anthracene degradation follows the order of 1O2 >OH > O2- in freshwater and O2- >1O2 >OH in seawater. The photochemically generated H2O2 is a vital source for OH generation (from Fenton reaction). The steady-state concentration of OH, 1O2 and O2- in freshwater were monitored as 3.0 × 10-15 M, 1.1 × 10-13 M, and 4.5 × 10-14 M, respectively. However, the OH concentration in seawater can be negligible due to the quenching effects by halides, and the 1O2 and O2- concentrations are higher than that in freshwater. An anthracene degradation kinetic model was built based on the experimentally determined reactive intermediates concentration and its second order rate constant with anthracene. Moreover, the anthracene degradation pathway was proposed based on intermediates analysis and DFT calculation, and its toxicity evolution during the photochemical process was assessed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based prediction. This finding suggests that the natural semiconducting minerals can affect the fate and environmental risks of contaminants in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanyu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongdi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xianbo Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Chen L, Luan C. Source identification and weathering processes of tar ball deposited Qinhuangdao coast along the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114106. [PMID: 36126482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of tar balls on the Qinhuangdao beaches along the coasts of the Bohai Sea (China) could affect people's leisure activities and tourism, and even affect the marine ecosystem. In 2020, representative tar balls collected from Qinhuangdao beaches, fingerprint analysis based on diagnostic ratios suggested that these tar balls were all very similar and may belong to the same source. Source identification by cross plot and principal component analysis (PCA), showed that the tar balls were likely from Penglai 19-3 crude oil. The weathering characterizations based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkanes parameters and unresolved complex mixture (UCM), indicated that the tar balls had been significantly influenced by natural weathering processes such as evaporation, biodegradation and photooxidation. The study of this leakage provides a powerful support for determining the leakage source, evaluating the potential weathering mechanism and determining the accident liability. This is the first time to use fingerprint technology to identify the source of tar balls in Qinhuangdao coastal zone in the Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chuanlei Luan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
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8
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Zhu Z, Merlin F, Yang M, Lee K, Chen B, Liu B, Cao Y, Song X, Ye X, Li QK, Greer CW, Boufadel MC, Isaacman L, Zhang B. Recent advances in chemical and biological degradation of spilled oil: A review of dispersants application in the marine environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129260. [PMID: 35739779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns over the risk of accidental releases of oil into the marine environment have emphasized our need to improve both oil spill preparedness and response strategies. Among the available spill response options, dispersants offer the advantages of breaking oil slicks into small oil droplets and promoting their dilution, dissolution, and biodegradation within the water column. Thus dispersants can reduce the probability of oil slicks at sea from reaching coastal regions and reduce their direct impact on mammals, sea birds and shoreline ecosystems. To facilitate marine oil spill response operations, especially addressing spill incidents in remote/Arctic offshore regions, an in-depth understanding of the transportation, fate and effects of naturally/chemically dispersed oil is of great importance. This review provides a synthesis of recent research results studies related to the application of dispersants at the surface and in the deep sea, the fate and transportation of naturally and chemically dispersed oil, and dispersant application in the Arctic and ice-covered waters. Future perspectives have been provided to identify the research gaps and help industries and spill response organizations develop science-based guidelines and protocols for the application of dispersants application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | | | - Min Yang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecosystem Science, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Yiqi Cao
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Xing Song
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Xudong Ye
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Qingqi K Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Michel C Boufadel
- Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Lisa Isaacman
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecosystem Science, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada.
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Yang Z, Yang C, Zhang G, Shah K, Chen B, Hollebone BP, Jackman P, Beaulac V. Effects of asphaltenes on the photolytic and toxic behavior of bitumen and conventional oil products on saltwater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129137. [PMID: 35594666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of asphaltenes on the photolytic and toxic behavior of petroleum oil on seawater was investigated by exposing five original oils and their maltenes to solar irradiation for seven days. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) experienced the fastest photo-oxidation, but negligible photolytic loss was observed for most normal alkanes and all the petroleum biomarkers from tri-cyclic to pentyl-cyclic terpanes in the test total oil and maltenes. The removal of most PAHs from some maltenes was greater than the corresponding total oils. Deasphalting process did not affect the characteristics of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs) in all control samples. In all test oils, solar irradiation formed abundant NAFCs, in particular those only containing oxygen as the heteroatoms (Oo species). The formed Oo species were abundant in congeners having highly saturated congeners, and shifted to a lighter carbon number after exposed. Deasphalting process significantly enhanced the formation of Oo species (o from 2 to 4) for all test oils, in particular for the Cold Lake Blend and Bunker C. The toxicity of exposed maltenes was generally higher than the exposed total oil for most oils, suggesting the aqueous toxicity level was positively related to the formed NAFC intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Chun Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gong Zhang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Chen
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce P Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Jackman
- Atlantic Laboratory for Environmental Testing Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Vanessa Beaulac
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Chen H, McKenna AM, Niles SF, Frye JW, Glattke TJ, Rodgers RP. Time-dependent molecular progression and acute toxicity of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble species reveals their rapid formation in the photodegradation of Macondo Well Oil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151884. [PMID: 34838916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is a significant weathering process that transforms spilled oil, yet, the fate, degradation rate, and molecular transformations that occur through photoinduced pathways remain relatively unknown. The molecular complexity combined with the increased polarity of photoproducts challenges conventional analytical techniques. Here, we catalogue the molecular progression of photochemical transformation products of Macondo Well Oil by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We track the molecular compositions of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble oil species formed at varying time intervals in photomicrocosm experiments. Short photoirradiation periods (<24 h), not previously reported, are included to reveal rapid photooxidation of native oil components. Surface oil films exposed to solar irradiation were shown to increasingly contribute to the dissolved organic carbon pool as a function of increased irradiation time. FT-ICR MS analysis of acidic species of each fraction identifies tens of thousands of oil-soluble, interfacially-active, and water-soluble phototransformation products, including Ox, NOx, and SOx species. Oil-soluble species incorporate oxygen as a function of irradiation periods. After 96 h of irradiation, ~14 wt% of the photooxidized oil film was interfacially active and contained phototransformed species with up to 12 oxygen atoms per molecule. Water-soluble species correspond to highly oxygenated compounds. Importantly, photochemical oxidation is shown to occur within the first hour. Beyond 24 h, photoproducts remain compositionally similar, highlighting the rapid effect of photodegradation to transform oil species into water-soluble compounds. Molecular fingerprints provided by FT-ICR MS highlight the oxygen dependence on oil/water solubility. Microtox® analysis indicates that the toxicity of water-soluble photoproducts rapidly increases at early irradiation time points (first 24 h) compared to the dark control and reaches a maximum at 6 h of irradiation. Results highlight the temporal, molecular progression of photoproducts as they partition from oil-soluble to oil-soluble interfacially-active, and finally to water-soluble species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, 1170 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sydney F Niles
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Taylor J Glattke
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 95 Chieftan Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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11
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From Surface Water to the Deep Sea: A Review on Factors Affecting the Biodegradation of Spilled Oil in Marine Environment. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, the demand for petroleum products has increased rapidly, leading to higher oil extraction, processing and transportation, which result in numerous oil spills in coastal-marine environments. As the spilled oil can negatively affect the coastal-marine ecosystems, its transport and fates captured a significant interest of the scientific community and regulatory agencies. Typically, the environment has natural mechanisms (e.g., photooxidation, biodegradation, evaporation) to weather/degrade and remove the spilled oil from the environment. Among various oil weathering mechanisms, biodegradation by naturally occurring bacterial populations removes a majority of spilled oil, thus the focus on bioremediation has increased significantly. Helping in the marginal recognition of this promising technique for oil-spill degradation, this paper reviews recently published articles that will help broaden the understanding of the factors affecting biodegradation of spilled oil in coastal-marine environments. The goal of this review is to examine the effects of various environmental variables that contribute to oil degradation in the coastal-marine environments, as well as the factors that influence these processes. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, oxygen level, pressure, shoreline energy, salinity, and pH are taken into account. In general, increase in temperature, exposure to sunlight (photooxidation), dissolved oxygen (DO), nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium), shoreline energy (physical advection—waves) and diverse hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms consortium were found to increase spilled oil degradation in marine environments. In contrast, higher initial oil concentration and seawater pressure can lower oil degradation rates. There is limited information on the influences of seawater pH and salinity on oil degradation, thus warranting additional research. This comprehensive review can be used as a guide for bioremediation modeling and mitigating future oil spill pollution in the marine environment by utilizing the bacteria adapted to certain conditions.
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Péquin B, Cai Q, Lee K, Greer CW. Natural attenuation of oil in marine environments: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113464. [PMID: 35231783 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation is an important process for oil spill management in marine environments. Natural attenuation affects the fate of oil by physical, chemical, and biological processes, which include evaporation, dispersion, dissolution, photo-oxidation, emulsification, oil particle aggregation, and biodegradation. This review examines the cumulative knowledge regarding these natural attenuation processes as well as their simulation and prediction using modelling approaches. An in-depth discussion is provided on how oil type, microbial community and environmental factors contribute to the biodegradation process. It describes how our understanding of the structure and function of indigenous oil degrading microbial communities in the marine environment has been advanced by the application of next generation sequencing tools. The synergetic and/or antagonist effects of oil spill countermeasures such as the application of chemical dispersants, in-situ burning and nutrient enrichment on natural attenuation were explored. Several knowledge gaps were identified regarding the synergetic and/or antagonistic effects of active response countermeasures on the natural attenuation/biodegradation process. This review highlighted the need for field data on both the effectiveness and potential detrimental effects of oil spill response options to support modelling and decision-making on their selection and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Péquin
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Qinhong Cai
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- McGill University, Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Snyder K, Mladenov N, Richardot W, Dodder N, Nour A, Campbell C, Hoh E. Persistence and photochemical transformation of water soluble constituents from industrial crude oil and natural seep oil in seawater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112049. [PMID: 33581568 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The persistence and transformation of water soluble chemical constituents derived from surface oil from the 2015 Refugio Oil Spill and from a nearby natural seep were evaluated under simulated sunlight conditions. Photoirradiation resulted in enhanced oil slick dissolution, which was more pronounced in spill oil compared to seep oil. Nontargeted analysis based on GC × GC/TOF-MS revealed that photoirradiation promoted oil slick dissolution, and more water soluble compounds were released from spill oil (500 compounds) than from seep oil (180 compounds), most of them (488 in spill oil and 150 in seep oil) still persisting in solution after 67 days of photoirradiation. First-order degradation rate coefficients of humic-like water soluble constituents were found to be 0.26 day-1 and 0.29 day-1 for irradiated spill and seep samples, respectively. The decreases in humic-like fluorescence, specific UV absorbance, and aromatic compounds without corresponding decreases in DOC concentration support indirect photochemical transformation in addition to complete photomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Snyder
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
| | - William Richardot
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Nathan Dodder
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Azin Nour
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Cari Campbell
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Eunha Hoh
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
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McKenna AM, Chen H, Weisbrod CR, Blakney GT. Molecular Comparison of Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid/Liquid Extraction of Water-Soluble Petroleum Compounds Produced through Photodegradation and Biodegradation by FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4611-4618. [PMID: 33660499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We apply two widely used extraction techniques, liquid/liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction with styrene-divinylbenzene polymer with a proprietary nonpolar surface priority pollutant (PPL) to water-soluble compounds generated through photodegradation and biodegradation of petroleum. We compare the molecular composition of bio- and photodegraded water-soluble organic (WSO) acids by 21 T negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We highlight the compositional differences between the two extraction techniques for abiotic and biotic degradation processes and identify known toxic species (naphthenic acids) produced through hydrocarbon biodegradation identified by liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) that are not detected with solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the same sample. Photodegraded WSO compounds extracted by SPE-PPL correspond to species with higher O/C ratio and carbon number compared to LLE extracted compounds. Naphthenic acids, a recalcitrant class of nonaromatic carboxylic acids and known acute toxicants formed through biodegradation of oil, are detected in LLE extracts (up to C30 and double-bond equivalents, DBE < 3) but are not detected in SPE-PPL extracts. This suggests that LLE and SPE-PPL retain different water-soluble oil species based on the dominant type of oil weathering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Chad R Weisbrod
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Gregory T Blakney
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University,1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
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Lima BD, Martins LL, de Souza ES, Pudenzi MA, da Cruz GF. Monitoring chemical compositional changes of simulated spilled Brazilian oils under tropical climate conditions by multiple analytical techniques. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111985. [PMID: 33482499 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To comprehensively understand the chemical changes over time of spilled oils subject to tropical climate conditions and the active weathering processes, a spill simulation experiment was conducted along 210 days with two distinct Brazilian oils (19 and 24 API) under irradiation and non-irradiation of sunlight. Isoprenoids and n-alkanes showed a great loss after 40 days for both oils under the two conditions due to evaporation. Diagnostic ratios of saturated biomarkers showed no changes, whereas the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had a decreasing concentration under both conditions mainly due to evaporation. Furthermore, oxygenated polar compounds produced by photooxidation were investigated by ESI(-) FT-ICR MS and showed changes only for the oils exposed to sunlight irradiation. Based on the observed polar compositional changes, new parameters are suggested using heteroatom classes to estimate oil spill time under tropical conditions: NO3/NO2; NO3/(NO + NO2); ∑NOx/N1; (O4 + O3)/(O2 + O1); O4/(O2 + O1); and O3/O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara D Lima
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Laercio L Martins
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane S de Souza
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Pudenzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Georgiana F da Cruz
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil
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Ward CP, Overton EB. How the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill reshaped our understanding of crude oil photochemical weathering at sea: a past, present, and future perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1125-1138. [PMID: 32226999 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The weathering of crude oil at sea has been researched for nearly half a century. However, there have been relatively few opportunities to validate laboratory-based predictions about the rates, relative importance, and controls of oil weathering processes (e.g., evaporation, photo-oxidation, and emulsification) under natural field conditions. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill in the Gulf of Mexico provided the oil spill science community with a unique opportunity to evaluate our laboratory-based predictions in nature. With a focus on photochemical weathering, we review what we knew prior to the DWH spill, what we learned from the DWH spill, and what priority gaps in knowledge remain. Three key findings from the DWH spill are discussed. First, the rate and extent of photochemical weathering was much greater for the floating surface oil than expected based on early conceptual models of oil weathering. Second, indirect photochemical processes played a major role in the partial oxidation of the floating surface oil. Third, the extensive and rapid changes to the physical and chemical properties of oil by sunlight may influence oil fate, transport, and the selection of response tools. This review also highlights findings and predictions about photochemical weathering of oil from several decades ago that appear to have escaped the broader scientific narrative and ultimately proved true for the DWH spill. By focusing on these early predictions and synthesizing the numerous findings from the DWH spill, we expect this review will better prepare the oil spill science community to respond to the next big spill in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin P Ward
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
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Yang X, Yu J, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Li Z, Feng C, Sun Z, Yu XF, Cheng J, Wang Y. Visible-near-infrared-responsive g-C 3N 4H x+ reduced decatungstate with excellent performance for photocatalytic removal of petroleum hydrocarbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120994. [PMID: 31425912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of photocatalysts making full use of natural light sources is highly desired for the remediation of marine oil spill pollution, which is full of challenges. Herein, we demonstrate a well-defined visible-near-infrared-responsive g-C3N4Hx+ reduced decatungstate charge-transfer salt (RCD-CTS), which possess efficient light-absorption ability ranging from visible light to the near infrared region. The RCD-CTS photocatalyst exhibits excellent performance for photocatalytic removal of petroleum hydrocarbon. The structural characterization and theoretical calculation confirmed strong chemical interaction between components and partly reduction of decatungstate results in the plasmonic properties and the absorption of near infrared light. As a results, it is proposed that"hot electrons"transfer process generated by plasmon effect promotes the efficient separation of charge-carriers. Ultimately, this work sheds light on the discovery and application of visible-near-infrared-responsive optical materials that may be exploited further in artificial photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, and phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yanhua Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Chenjie Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xue-Fang Yu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, No. 32 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Zito P, Podgorski DC, Johnson J, Chen H, Rodgers RP, Guillemette F, Kellerman AM, Spencer RGM, Tarr MA. Molecular-Level Composition and Acute Toxicity of Photosolubilized Petrogenic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8235-8243. [PMID: 31194531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To examine the molecular-level composition and acute toxicity per unit carbon of the petroleum-derived dissolved organic matter (DOMHC) produced via photo-oxidation, heavy and light oils were irradiated over seawater with simulated sunlight. Increases in dissolved organic carbon concentrations as a function of time were associated with changes in the DOMHC composition and acute toxicity per unit carbon. Parallel factor analysis showed that the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) composition produced from the heavy oil became more blue-shifted over time, while the light oil produced a mixture of blue- and red-shifted components similar to FDOM signatures. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry reveals that the composition of the DOMHC produced from both heavy and light oils was initially relatively reduced, with low O/C. With time, the composition of the DOMHC produced from the heavy oil shifted to unsaturated, high-oxygen compounds, while that produced from the light oil comprised a range of high O/C aliphatic, unsaturated, and aromatic compounds. Microtox assays suggest that the DOMHC initially produced is the most toxic (62% inhibition); however, after 24 h, a rapid decrease in toxicity decreased linearly to 0% inhibition for the heavy DOMHC and 12% inhibition for the light DOMHC at extended exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Natural Sciences , Gardner-Webb University , 110 South Main Street , Boiling Springs , North Carolina 28017 , United States
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310-4005 , United States
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310-4005 , United States
| | - François Guillemette
- Research Center for Watershed Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE), Department of Environmental Sciences , Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières , Trois-Rivières , Québec G8Z 4M3 Canada
| | - Anne M Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science , Florida State University , 600 West College Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4520 , United States
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive , Tallahassee , Florida 32310-4005 , United States
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science , Florida State University , 600 West College Avenue , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4520 , United States
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Marisa López R, Mangani ADL, Arbeloa EM, Luiz MM, Gutiérrez MI. Singlet Oxygen Production by a Crude Oil from the San Jorge Gulf Basin, Argentina. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1138-1142. [PMID: 30059595 DOI: 10.1111/php.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quantum yields for singlet oxygen production by diluted solutions of an Argentine crude oil and its SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) fractions were obtained by direct detection of the characteristic phosphorescence following monochromatic excitation at 355 nm. The most efficient sensitizers of singlet oxygen in organic media are crude oil, maltenes and aromatics fractions (values of singlet oxygen quantum yield are around 0.7), and resins (values around 0.1) are the poorest. Also, the quenching of singlet oxygen by the crude oil and its fractions was investigated; the asphaltenes and the petroleum are relatively efficient quenchers of singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmari Marisa López
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Adriana Del Luján Mangani
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Maximiliano Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Marta Mabel Luiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - María Isela Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
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Williams AK, Bacosa HP, Quigg A. The impact of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous on responses of microbial plankton to the Texas City "Y" oil spill in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:32-44. [PMID: 28545863 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing bioremediation research seeks to promote naturally occurring microbial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation during and after oil spill events. However, complex relationships among functionally different microbial groups, nutrients and PAHs remain unconstrained. We conducted a surface water survey and corresponding nutrient amendment bioassays following the Texas City "Y" oil spill in Galveston Bay, Texas. Resident microbial groups, defined as either heterotrophic or autotrophic were enumerated by flow cytometry. Heterotrophic abundance was increased by oil regardless of nutrient concentrations. Contrastingly, autotrophic abundance was inhibited by oil, but this reaction was less severe when nutrient concentrations were higher. Several PAH compounds were reduced in nutrient amended treatments relative to controls suggesting nutrient enhanced microbial PAH processing. These findings provide a first-look at nutrient limitation during microbial oil processing in Galveston Bay, an important step in understanding if nutrient additions would be a useful bioremediation strategy in this and other estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Williams
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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Beyer J, Trannum HC, Bakke T, Hodson PV, Collier TK. Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:28-51. [PMID: 27301686 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill constituted an ecosystem-level injury in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Much oil spread at 1100-1300m depth, contaminating and affecting deepwater habitats. Factors such as oil-biodegradation, ocean currents and response measures (dispersants, burning) reduced coastal oiling. Still, >2100km of shoreline and many coastal habitats were affected. Research demonstrates that oiling caused a wide range of biological effects, although worst-case impact scenarios did not materialize. Biomarkers in individual organisms were more informative about oiling stress than population and community indices. Salt marshes and seabird populations were hard hit, but were also quite resilient to oiling effects. Monitoring demonstrated little contamination of seafood. Certain impacts are still understudied, such as effects on seagrass communities. Concerns of long-term impacts remain for large fish species, deep-sea corals, sea turtles and cetaceans. These species and their habitats should continue to receive attention (monitoring and research) for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde C Trannum
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Bakke
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter V Hodson
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Delta Independent Science Board, 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1500, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
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Bacosa HP, Liu Z, Erdner DL. Natural Sunlight Shapes Crude Oil-Degrading Bacterial Communities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Surface Waters. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1325. [PMID: 26648916 PMCID: PMC4664628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill in 2010, an enormous amount of oil was observed in the deep and surface waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Surface waters are characterized by intense sunlight and high temperature during summer. While the oil-degrading bacterial communities in the deep-sea plume have been widely investigated, the effect of natural sunlight on those in oil polluted surface waters remains unexplored to date. In this study, we incubated surface water from the DWH site with amendments of crude oil, Corexit dispersant, or both for 36 days under natural sunlight in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The bacterial community was analyzed over time for total abundance, density of alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degraders, and community composition via pyrosequencing. Our results showed that, for treatments with oil and/or Corexit, sunlight significantly reduced bacterial diversity and evenness and was a key driver of shifts in bacterial community structure. In samples containing oil or dispersant, sunlight greatly reduced abundance of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus but increased the relative abundances of Alteromonas, Marinobacter, Labrenzia, Sandarakinotalea, Bartonella, and Halomonas. Dark samples with oil were represented by members of Thalassobius, Winogradskyella, Alcanivorax, Formosa, Pseudomonas, Eubacterium, Erythrobacter, Natronocella, and Coxiella. Both oil and Corexit inhibited the Candidatus Pelagibacter with or without sunlight exposure. For the first time, we demonstrated the effects of light in structuring microbial communities in water with oil and/or Corexit. Overall, our findings improve understanding of oil pollution in surface water, and provide unequivocal evidence that sunlight is a key factor in determining bacterial community composition and dynamics in oil polluted marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando P Bacosa
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Deana L Erdner
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Port Aransas, TX, USA
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Bacosa HP, Erdner DL, Liu Z. Differentiating the roles of photooxidation and biodegradation in the weathering of Light Louisiana Sweet crude oil in surface water from the Deepwater Horizon site. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:265-272. [PMID: 25899525 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We determined the contributions of photooxidation and biodegradation to the weathering of Light Louisiana Sweet crude oil by incubating surface water from the Deepwater Horizon site under natural sunlight and temperature conditions. N-alkane biodegradation rate constants were ca. ten-fold higher than the photooxidation rate constants. For the 2-3 ring and 4-5 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), photooxidation rate constants were 0.08-0.98day(-1) and 0.01-0.07day(-1), respectively. The dispersant Corexit enhanced degradation of n-alkanes but not of PAHs. Compared to biodegradation, photooxidation increased transformation of 4-5 ring PAHs by 70% and 3-4 ring alkylated PAHs by 36%. For the first time we observed that sunlight inhibited biodegradation of pristane and phytane, possibly due to inhibition of the bacteria that can degrade branched-alkanes. This study provides quantitative measures of oil degradation under relevant field conditions crucial for understanding and modeling the fate of spilled oil in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando P Bacosa
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373-5015, United States.
| | - Deana L Erdner
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373-5015, United States
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373-5015, United States
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