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Pavithra KG, SundarRajan P, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G. Mercury sources, contaminations, mercury cycle, detection and treatment techniques: A review. Chemosphere 2023; 312:137314. [PMID: 36410499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is considered a toxic pollutant harmful to our human health and the environment. Mercury is highly persistent, volatile and bioaccumulated and enters into the food chain, destroying our ecosystem. The levels of mercury in the water bodies as well as in the atmosphere are affected by anthropogenic and natural activities. In this review, the mercury species as well as the mercury contamination towards water, soil and air are discussed in detail. In addition to that, the sources of mercury and the mercury cycle in the aquatic system are also discussed. The determination of mercury with various methods such as with modified electrodes and nanomaterials was elaborated in brief. The treatment in the removal of mercury such as adsorption, electrooxidation and photocatalysis were explained with recent ideologies and among them, adsorption was considered one of the efficient techniques in terms of cost and mercury removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grace Pavithra
- Department of Environmental and Water Resource Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P SundarRajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR) Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Chen W, Yang Y, Fu K, Zhang D, Wang Z. Progress in ICP-MS Analysis of Minerals and Heavy Metals in Traditional Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891273. [PMID: 35837276 PMCID: PMC9274010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study systematically reviewed the application of ICP-MS and its combined technology in the determination of mineral and heavy metal elements in medicinal materials derived from plants, animals, minerals and their preparations (Chinese patent medicine), and biological products. It provides a reference for improving the quality standard of traditional medicine and exploring the effective components, toxic components, and action mechanism of traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: A total of 234 articles related to the determination of mineral and heavy metal elements in medicinal materials derived from plants, animals, and minerals and their preparations (Chinese patent medicine) were collected from PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, VIP, and other databases. They were classified and sorted by the inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Results: Of the 234 articles, 154 were about medicinal materials derived from plants, 15 about medicinal materials derived from animals, 9 about medicinal materials derived from minerals, 46 about Chinese patent medicine, 10 about combined technology application, and 3 about drugs being tested after entering the body. From the 154 articles on medicinal materials derived from plants, 76 elements, including Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Mn, and Hg, were determined, of which the determination of Cu was the most, with 129 articles. Medicinal materials derived from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits and seeds of plants accounted for 25.97%, 18.18%, 7.14%, 7.79%, and 14.94%, respectively. Moreover, medicinal materials derived from the whole plants accounted for 14.94%, and other medicinal materials derived from plants and soil accounted for 11.04%. A total of 137 of the tested medicinal materials were from traditional Chinese medicine, accounting for 88.96%, 12 were from Arabic medicine (including Unani), accounting for 7.79%, 2 were from Tibetan medicine of China, and 1 was from Mongolian medicine of China, 1 was from Miao medicine of China, and 1 was from Zhuang medicine of China. In the 15 articles on medicinal materials derived from animals, 49 elements such as Cu, As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, and Mn were determined, of which Cu was the most. All the tested medicinal materials belong to traditional Chinese medicine. From the nine articles on medicinal materials derived from minerals, 70 elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, As, Se, and Na were determined, of which Fe, Cu, and Zn were the most. The tested medicinal materials all belong to traditional Chinese medicine. From the 46 articles on Chinese patent medicine, 62 elements such as Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Cr were determined, of which Cu was the most. Regarding the tested Chinese patent medicine, 38 articles belong to traditional Chinese medicine, 6 to Tibetan medicine, and 2 to Mongolian medicine of China. Three articles determine the content of metal elements in biological samples such as animal hepatic venous blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, urine, and feces, and one article determines the content of metal elements in human lung and serum. From the 10 articles combined with liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, 16 elements such as MMA, DMA, AsIII, AsV, AsB, AsC, and AsI3 were determined, of which MMA and DMA were the most. It can realize elemental morphology and isotope analysis. The tested medicinal materials and Chinese patent medicine belong to traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusion: ICP-MS was applied the most in traditional Chinese medicine, followed by Arabic medicine. ICP-MS was used to determine more medicinal materials derived from plants, and Cu was determined the most. The characteristic inorganic element spectrum of medicinal materials can also be established. ICP-MS and its combined technology are widely used in Chinese patent medicine, but the test of biological samples is the least. The information provided in this article can provide a reference for improving the quality standard of traditional medicines and exploring the active ingredients and toxic ingredients and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dewei Zhang
- Chongqing Wanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhang, ; Zhang Wang,
| | - Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dewei Zhang, ; Zhang Wang,
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Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi S, Ghasemi M, Ghanbarian B. Geogenic and anthropogenic sources identification and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the urban soil of Yazd, central Iran. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260418. [PMID: 34843585 PMCID: PMC8629251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban soil pollution with heavy metals is one of the environmental problems in recent years, especially in industrial cities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of geogenic and anthropogenic sources in the urban soil pollution in Yazd, Iran. For this purpose, 30 top-soil (0-10 cm) samples from Yazd within an area of 136.37 Km2 and population of nearly 656 thousand are collected, and the concentration of heavy elements is measured. To evaluate factors affecting the concentration of heavy elements in urban soils and determine their possible sources, Multivariate statistical analysis, including correlation coefficient, principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) are performed. Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and Modified potential ecological Risk Index (MRI) are used to assess the level and extension of contamination. Results of this study suggest that As, Cd, Pb and Zn are affected by anthropogenic source, while the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu and Cs have come from mostly natural geologic sources. As, Cd and Pb are considerably enriched in the area, provided moderately enriched for the elements Mn, Zn and Cu. However, the other heavy elements show minimal enrichment. Igeo reveal that Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni with negative values are unpolluted, Pb posed unpolluted to moderately polluted, and As and Cd represent high polluted. Based on the results of the ecological risk factor, the heavy metals of Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu have a low ecological risk level. More specifically, we find that Pb shows a moderated ecological risk in 39% of the urban soil in the studied area. As and Cd with respectively 100 and 72% contribution have considerable and very high ecological risk. According to the results of MRI, the area is in a very high ecological risk level, and appropriate management practice is essential to reduce the pollution of heavy elements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Ghasemi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Behzad Ghanbarian
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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Chen D, Lu L, Zhang H, Lu B, Feng J, Zeng D. Sensitive Mercury Speciation Analysis in Water by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Coupling with Solid-Phase Extraction. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1235-1240. [PMID: 33518585 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-AFS) was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of four mercury species including Hg2+, methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg), and phenylmercury (PhHg) in water. Samples were enriched and cleaned up with a solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment using a thiol cartridge. Some key parameters including the selection of a SPE cartridge, eluent type, eluent volume, and interference factors were systematically investigated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 60 mmol L-1 ammonium acetate with 10 mmol L-1 L-cysteine by gradient elution. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) was observed between 0.20 to 10.0 μg L-1. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.001 - 0.002 μg L-1. High recoveries (87.2 to 111%) and good reproducibility (1.1 - 6.5%) were obtained. Such a method is sensitive, selective and accurate, which can be applied to the quantification of mercury species in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lan Lu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Bing Lu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jiali Feng
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dong Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi S, Ghasemi M, Gheysouri M. Pollution, human health risk assessment and spatial distribution of toxic metals in urban soil of Yazd City, Iran. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:3469-3484. [PMID: 33559784 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution significantly reduces the quality of the environment and threatens human health, especially in industrial cities. This study investigated toxic metals concentrations, pollution levels and human health risks assessment of urban soils in Yazd City, as an industrial city in center of Iran. Soil surface samples (0-10 cm) were collected from 30 points in the area for geochemical analysis. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The values of the mean concentrations of toxic metals (mg kg-1) in the urban soils decrease in the order of Zn (83.9) > Pb (34.5) > Cr (32.6) > Cu (23.5) > Ni (23.4) > As (5.86) > Co (4.86) > Cd (0.27). The mean concentration of Zn, Pb, As and Cd elements was higher than the background and the crust values. A pollution assessment by Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Index (PI), Contamination Degree (CD), the Integrated Pollution Index (IPI), the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Integrated Nemerow Pollution Index (INPI) showed that As, Cd and Pb were moderately enriched and the study area polluted considerably by these toxic metals. Based on PI results, 88.9% of the urban soil samples highly polluted by As. Overall, the quality of the urban soil in Yazd City is clearly affected by toxic metals. Due to the prevailing wind direction, the route of the north-south highway of Iran and the population density and traffic of the northwestern and southern areas of the study area were found the highest level of pollution indicators (IPI > 1.8; LPI > 1.3; CD > 15 and INPI > 4.3). The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that all pollution evaluation indicators were influenced by As and Cu, and showed high significant correlation with these two elements, while neither of them had a significant relationship with Pb and was found also a weak link statistically with Cd. Health risk assessment of toxic metals has been performed in both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic sectors. The results indicate that oral intake is the main pathway that toxic metals can harm human health for both the child and adults. The carcinogenic risks (RI) of adults and child by toxic metals were as follows: Ni > Pb > Cr > As > Cd. Hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values for child also were higher than these for adults. Generally, the results demonstrated that the potential carcinogenic health risks for adults of toxic metals were in an acceptable range in study area, whereas for Cr, Ni and Pb with RI > 10-4, the risk of cancer in child probably increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Ghasemi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
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Narukawa T, Iwai T, Chiba K. Simultaneous speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic and methylmercury in edible oil by high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 210:120646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pérez PA, Hintelmann H, Lobos G, Bravo MA. Mercury and methylmercury levels in soils associated with coal-fired power plants in central-northern Chile. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124535. [PMID: 31549652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury pollution is a worldwide problem, and is associated with a number of natural and anthropogenic processes. The present work, conducted in Chile, a country that has traditionally depended heavily on fossil fuels for power generation, examines total mercury (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations in soils across different sites exposed to coal fired power plant emissions. Samples from four selected (Renca, Laguna Verde, Las Ventanas, Huasco) and 1 control (Quintay) sites were analyzed using cold vapour and fluorescence spectroscopy (CV-AFS) for THg determination and chromatographic separation with atomic fluorescence detection (DI-GC-AFS) was followed for speciation analysis. From the sites analyzed, Renca and Las Ventanas showed high concentrations of total mercury, exhibiting ranges between 135 - 568 and 94-464 ng g-1 respectively, while Laguna Verde and Huasco exhibited lower values ranged 5-27 and 9-44 ng g-1 respectively. Conversely, analysis of MMHg concentrations showed that only Renca site possessed high values, ranging between 0.1 and 3.0 ng g-1, resulting in this site being considered contaminated. Conversely, other sites showed minimal values comparable to the control site (0.024 ± 0.003 ng g-1) in terms of MMHg concentrations. An analysis of the differences between MMHg and THg concentrations in contaminated sites, suggests an overall absence of methylation in soils of Las Ventanas, probably related to the very high levels of soil heavy metals, especially copper. Moreover, the influence of the composition and physicochemical properties of the different soils on the mobility of the species was assessed. Results obtained (as Log Kd) were 3.5 and 4.1 for Renca and Las Ventanas respectively, suggesting low mobility of mercury species in the environment for both sites. Finally, the data obtained allowed us to establish a first approximation of the differences in concentration and mobility of total and MMHg associated with coal fired power plants emission in central-northern Chile, an area previously understudied in a country heavily dependent on fossil-fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida. Universidad de Antofagasta S/N, Antofagasta, Chile; Universidad de Antofagasta Stable Isotope Facility, Instituto de Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida. Universidad de Antofagasta S/N, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Holger Hintelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Water Quality Centre, 1600, West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriela Lobos
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Hellmann C, Costa RD, Schmitz OJ. How to Deal with Mercury in Sediments? A Critical Review About Used Methods for the Speciation of Mercury in Sediments. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu M, Gao Z, Chen L, Zhao W, Lu Q, Yang J, Ren L, Xu Z. A Reliable Method to Determine Monomethylmercury and Monoethylmercury Simultaneously in Aqueous Samples by GC-CVAFS After Distillation. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 75:495-501. [PMID: 30069574 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A reliable method for simultaneous determination of monomethylmercury (MeHg) and monoethylmercury (EtHg) in water by gas chromatography with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed and validated. The experimental conditions, including derivatisation pH, distillation, and complexing agents, were optimized in detail. The absolute detection limits (3σ) were 0.007 ng/L as Hg for MeHg and 0.004 ng/L as Hg for EtHg. The relative standard deviation values (n = 6) for 0.1 ng/L of MeHg and EtHg were 2.7 and 2.1%, 1.0 ng/L of MeHg and EtHg were 6.0 and 6.9%, 4.4 ng/L of MeHg and EtHg were 2.8 and 2.7%, respectively. In addition, five different water samples were analyzed, including river water (RW), effluent wastewater (EW), seawater (SW), industrial wastewater (IW), underground water (UW), and the spiked recoveries of MeHg, were all greater than 85%, whereas EtHg was 86.0% in RW, 83.0% in EW, 87.0% in UW, 82.6% in SW, and 80% in IW. Formation of artefact MeHg and EtHg was studied during distillation. The level of artefact MeHg formed by methylation of Hg(II) during distillation varies from ~ 0.002 to 0.009% for river water and from ~ 0.002 to 0.004% for effluent wastewater, ethylation of Hg(II) was not observed. The method was validated for a variety of water sources with Hg(II) concentrations under 440 ng/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Laiguo Chen
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhencheng Xu
- Urban Environment and Ecology Research Center, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Narukawa T, Iwai T, Chiba K, Feldmann J. A Method for Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:1329-1334. [PMID: 30122737 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new determination method was developed for the measurement of methylmercury (Me-Hg) and inorganic mercury (i-Hg) in biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) following alkaline extraction. Mercury species in biological samples were extracted with 10% (w/w) tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution at 80°C for 2 h. Methylmercury was completely separated from i-Hg by adamantyl type and octadecylsilyl type columns within 6 and 4 min using isocratic elution, respectively. The detection limits (3σ) of adamantyl and octadecylsilyl columns using the proposed system were 0.08 and 0.13 ng g-1 (as Hg), respectively. Inorganic Hg completely separates from Me-Hg without tailing. The proposed determination methods were applied to several biological certified reference materials (CRMs). The measurement results of Me-Hg obtained by the present method were in good agreement within the expanded uncertainties (k = 2) with the certified values. The analytical precision (n = 3) of Me-Hg was less than 2%, and the recoveries of Me-Hg and i-Hg were 101 ± 1 and 103 ± 3%, respectively. In addition, this method enables the determination of Me-Hg and i-Hg for 20 samples in 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Takahiro Iwai
- Department of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Koichi Chiba
- Department of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry TESLA-Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, University of Aberdeen
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Suvarapu LN, Baek SO. Recent Studies on the Speciation and Determination of Mercury in Different Environmental Matrices Using Various Analytical Techniques. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:3624015. [PMID: 29348750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3624015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current research on the speciation and determination of mercury by various analytical techniques, including the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), voltammetry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (MS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Approximately 96 research papers on the speciation and determination of mercury by various analytical instruments published in international journals since 2015 were reviewed. All analytical parameters, including the limits of detection, linearity range, quality assurance and control, applicability, and interfering ions, evaluated in the reviewed articles were tabulated. In this review, we found a lack of information in speciation studies of mercury in recent years. Another important conclusion from this review was that there were few studies regarding the concentration of mercury in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Leng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Southeast University ChengXian College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangshi Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Song B, He H, Chen L, Yang S, Yongguang Y, Li Y. Speciation of Mercury in Microalgae by Isotope Dilution-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1269119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huijun He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lufeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Yongguang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Kodamatani H, Maeda C, Balogh SJ, Nollet YH, Kanzaki R, Tomiyasu T. The influence of sample drying and storage conditions on methylmercury determination in soils and sediments. Chemosphere 2017; 173:380-386. [PMID: 28129615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The separate influences of drying and storage conditions on methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and sediment samples were investigated. Concentrations of MeHg and total Hg were determined in various soil and sediment samples that had been stored or dried under differing conditions. The influence of drying conditions (oven-drying (40 °C) versus freeze-drying) on MeHg concentrations in marine sediments, river sediments, soils, and paddy field soils was investigated (n = 43). The ratio of the MeHg concentration in oven-dried sub-samples divided by the concentration in freeze-dried sub-samples ranged from 0 to 336%. In order to confirm the production of MeHg during storage in some samples, Hg2+ was added at 15 mg kg-1 to a paddy soil, and the sample was then stored at 30 °C. The concentrations of MeHg at 1-h, 1-day, 4-days and 7-days after Hg2+ spiking were 2.0 ± 0.1, 13.8 ± 1.0, 36.0 ± 5.0, and 24.9 ± 1.6 μg kg-1 (n = 3), respectively. The concentration of MeHg at 4-days after Hg spiking and sterilizing (121 °C, 30 min) was 1.8 μg kg-1, similar to the original value. These results indicate that bacterial Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation occurred within days in the soil. In addition, tests of the stability of MeHg in wet and dry samples during storage were also performed. Overall, our results indicate that the best way to preserve MeHg in soil and sediment samples is to freeze the samples immediately after collection, followed subsequently by freeze-drying, grinding, homogenization, and storage of the dry material in cool, dark conditions until analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Steven J Balogh
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Yabing H Nollet
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Ryo Kanzaki
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomiyasu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Kodamatani H, Balogh SJ, Nollet YH, Matsuyama A, Fajon V, Horvat M, Tomiyasu T. An inter-laboratory comparison of different analytical methods for the determination of monomethylmercury in various soil and sediment samples: A platform for method improvement. Chemosphere 2017; 169:32-39. [PMID: 27855329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An inter-laboratory study was conducted to compare results from different analytical methods for monomethylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in 17 soil and sediment samples. The samples were collected from mercury-contaminated areas, including Minamata Bay and Kagoshima Bay in Japan, the Idrija mercury mine in Slovenia, and an artisanal small-scale gold mining area in Indonesia. The Hg in these samples comes from several different sources: industrial waste from an acetaldehyde production facility, volcanic activity, Hg mining activity, and artisanal and small-scale gold mining activity (ASGM). MeHg concentrations in all the samples were measured in four separate laboratories, using three different determination methods: Kagoshima University (Japan), using high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection (HPLC-CL); National Institute for Minamata Disease (Japan), using gas chromatography-electron capture detection; and Metropolitan Council Environmental Services (USA) and Jozef Stefan Institute (Slovenia), both using alkylation-gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection. The methods gave comparable MeHg results for most of the samples tested, but for some samples, the results exhibited significant variability depending on the method used. The HPLC-CL method performed poorly when applied to samples with elevated sulfur concentrations, producing MeHg concentrations that were much lower than those from the other methods. Additional analytical work demonstrated the elimination of this sulfur interference when the method was modified to bind sulfur prior to the analytical step by using Hg2+ as a masking agent. These results demonstrate the value of laboratory intercomparison exercises in contributing to the improvement of analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Steven J Balogh
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Yabing H Nollet
- Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, 2400 Childs Road, St. Paul, MN 55106, USA
| | - Akito Matsuyama
- National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Vesna Fajon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Takashi Tomiyasu
- Division of Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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Eskandari H, Bezaatpour A, Eslami F. Naked magnetite nanoparticles for both clean-up and solid-phase extraction-trace determination of mercury. J IRAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Thongsaw A, Chaiyasith WC, Sananmuang R, Ross GM, Ampiah-Bonney RJ. Determination of cadmium in herbs by SFODME with ETAAS detection. Food Chem 2016; 219:453-458. [PMID: 27765251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of cadmium in herb samples based on solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) using 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as a chelating reagent and detection by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was developed in the present work. The effects of pH, extraction solvent, extraction time, stirring rate, and extraction temperature were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.017-3.0μgL-1, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0052μgL-1. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) for 6 replicate measurements of 1.0μgL-1 cadmium was ±2.67%. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 types of Thai herb samples. Percentage recoveries were in the range 94.5-110.2%. It was found that cadmium concentrations in all Thai herb samples were less than the maximum residue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Thongsaw
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wipharat Chuachuad Chaiyasith
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Ratana Sananmuang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gareth M Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center for Academic Excellence in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Liu MX, Deng XX, Zhu DZ, Duan H, Xiong W, Xu ZJ, Gan LH. Magnetically separated and N, S co-doped mesoporous carbon microspheres for the removal of mercury ions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Ukonmaanaho L, Starr M, Kantola M, Laurén A, Piispanen J, Pietilä H, Perämäki P, Merilä P, Fritze H, Tuomivirta T, Heikkinen J, Mäkinen J, Nieminen TM. Impacts of forest harvesting on mobilization of Hg and MeHg in drained peatland forests on black schist or felsic bedrock. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:228. [PMID: 26979172 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forest harvesting, especially when intensified harvesting method as whole-tree harvesting with stump lifting (WTHs) are used, may increase mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) leaching to recipient water courses. The effect can be enhanced if the underlying bedrock and overburden soil contain Hg. The impact of stem-only harvesting (SOH) and WTHs on the concentrations of Hg and MeHg as well as several other variables in the ditch water was studied using a paired catchment approach in eight drained peatland-dominated catchments in Finland (2008-2012). Four of the catchments were on felsic bedrock and four on black schist bedrock containing heavy metals. Although both Hg and MeHg concentrations increased after harvesting in all treated sites according to the randomized intervention analyses (RIAs), there was only a weak indication of a harvest-induced mobilization of Hg and MeHg into the ditches. Furthermore, no clear differences between WTHs and SOH were found, although MeHg showed a nearly significant difference (p = 0.06) between the harvesting regimes. However, there was a clear bedrock effect, since the MeHg concentrations in the ditch water were higher at catchments on black schist than at those on felsic bedrock. The pH, suspended solid matter (SSM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and iron (Fe) concentrations increased after harvest while the sulfate (SO4-S) concentration decreased. The highest abundances of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were found on the sites with high MeHg concentrations. The biggest changes in ditch water concentrations occurred first 2 years after harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Ukonmaanaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland.
| | - Mike Starr
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Marjatta Kantola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland
| | - Ari Laurén
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 68, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | | | - Paavo Perämäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Päivi Merilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Hannu Fritze
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland
| | - Tero Tuomivirta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland
| | - Juha Heikkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland
| | - Jari Mäkinen
- Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - Tiina M Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 18, Vantaa, FI-01301, Finland
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Amde M, Yin Y, Zhang D, Liu J. Methods and recent advances in speciation analysis of mercury chemical species in environmental samples: a review. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1164019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Amde
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Liang P, Kang C, Mo Y. One-step displacement dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the selective determination of methylmercury in environmental samples. Talanta 2016; 149:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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