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Ma S, Han G. Rare earth elements reveal the human health and environmental concerns in the largest tributary of the Mekong river, Northeastern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118968. [PMID: 38643820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of rare earth elements (REEs) in contemporary industries and agriculture, has caused emerging contaminant accumulation in aquatic environments. However, there is a limited scope of risk assessments, particularly in relation to human health associated with REEs. This study investigated the provenance, and contamination levels of REEs, further evaluating their environmental and human health risks in river sediments from an agricultural basin. The concentrations of REEs ranged from 30.5 to 347.7 mg/kg, with showing an upward trend from headwater to downstream. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified natural and anthropogenic input, especially from agricultural activities, as the primary source of REEs in Mun River sediments. The contamination assessment by the geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) confirmed that almost individual REEs in the samples were slightly to moderately polluted. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed mild to moderate risks in Mun River sediment. Regular fertilization poses pollution and ecological risks to agricultural areas, manifesting as an enrichment of light REEs in river sediments. Nevertheless, Monte Carlo simulations estimated the average daily doses of total REEs from sediments to be 0.24 μg/kg/day for adults and 0.95 μg/kg/day for children, comfortably below established human health thresholds. However, the risk of REE exposure appears to be higher in children, and sensitivity analyses suggested that REE concentration contributed more to health risks, whether the adults or children. Thus, concerns regarding REE contamination and risks should be raised considering the wide distribution of agricultural regions, and further attention is warranted to assess the health risks associated with other routes of REE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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Lai J, Liu J, Wu D, Xu J. Pollution and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in Citrus sinensis growing soil in mining area of southern China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15470. [PMID: 37304884 PMCID: PMC10252884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Analyzing the pollution and health risk of rare earth elements (REEs) in crop-growing soils around rare earth deposits can facilitate the improvement of REE mining-influenced area. In this study, pollution status, fraction and anomaly, plant accumulation characteristics, and potential risks of REEs (including heavy and light rare earth elements, HREEs and LREEs) in C. sinensis planting soil near ion-adsorption deposits in southern Ganzhou were analyzed. The influence of the soil environment on REEs in soil and fruit of C. sinensis was also explored. Methods The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk index(RI) were used to analyze the pollution potential and ecological risks of REEs in soils, respectively. Health risk index and translocation factor (TF) were applied to analyze the accumulation and health risks of REEs in fruit of C. sinensis. The influence of soil factors on REEs in soil and fruit of C. sinensis were determined via correlation and redundancy analysis. Results Comparison with background values and assessment of Igeo and RI indicated that the soil was polluted by REEs, albeit at varying degrees. Fractionation between LREEs and HREEs occurred, along with significant positive Ce anomaly and negative Eu anomaly. With TF values < 1, our results suggest that C. sinensis has a weak ability to accumulate REEs in its fruit. The concentrations of REEs in fruit differed between LREEs and HREEs, with content of HREE in fruit ordered as Jiading > Anxi > Wuyang and of LREE in fruit higher in Wuyang. Correlation and redundancy analysis indicated that K2O, Fe2O3 and TOC are important soil factors influencing REE accumulation by C. sinensis, with K2O positively related and Fe2O3 and TOC negatively related to the accumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Lai
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Chen D, Lin Z, Ai F, Xia Y, Du W, Yin Y, Guo H. Divergent responses and ecological risks of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to cerium oxide nanoparticles in different soil types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160429. [PMID: 36435252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2), as a common component for sustainable agriculture, have been broadly investigated due to their potential threat to the soil biodiversity and health. However, few studies considered the impacts of soil types on response of ecotoxicity of nCeO2 to plants. This study aimed to explore the effects of soil properties on ecological response of nCeO2 to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and assess the ecological risks of nCeO2 (0-1000 mg/kg) in red soil, yellow-brown soil, and brown soil by applying a multi-biomarker approach. The results showed that the clay content had the extremely significant correlation with acid solute fraction Ce in soil. Ce accumulation in wheat largely depended on acid-soluble fraction Ce, but not the total Ce. Both urease and invertase activities were highest in brown soil among the three soils, after exposure to diverse concentration nCeO2. Although wheat has a stronger antioxidant capacity in red soil, integrated biomarker response index proved that nCeO2 showed least toxicity to wheat in brown soil (IBRv2 = 34.3) among the three soils. These results indicated that the toxicity level of nCeO2 to wheat was not only related to contaminated concentration, but also greatly depended on soil properties. The soil types are important factors governing ecological risk of nCeO2 in soil, which needs to be adequately assessed and properly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fuxun Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Coal Geology Bureau, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science-University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science-University of Leeds and Nanjing University, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kamali-Andani N, Fallah S, Peralta-Videa JR, Golkar P. Selenium nanoparticles reduce Ce accumulation in grains and ameliorate yield attributes in mung bean (Vigna radiata) exposed to CeO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120638. [PMID: 36370974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of crops to CeO2 nanoparticles (nCeO2) in agricultural environments impact crop quality and human health. In this regard, the effects of selenium nanoparticles (nSe) on the yield and quality of Vigna radiata (L.) exposed to nCeO2 were investigated. The experiment was carried out as a factorial with two factors: NPs (nCeO2, and nSe) as factor one and concentrations as factor two [(0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L nCeO2; 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L nSe)]. Nanoparticles were foliar applied to 45-day old mung bean shoot in two steps and one-week interval. At 250-1000 mg/L, nCeO2 increased P, protein and Ce accumulation in grain. Additionally, at 1000 mg/L, the nCeO2, significantly decreased seed number, yield, Fe, and Zn storage in seeds. Conversely, at 25 and 50 mg/L, nSe stimulated the growth and yield of mung bean, and significantly increased P, Fe, Zn, and Se in seeds, but reduced the protein content in seeds. The Se25+Ce250 and Se50+Ce250 significantly increased pod number, seed number, grain weight, yield, Fe, Zn and Se storage in grains. In contrast, the Ce accumulation in seeds decreased in all combination treatments (nCeO2 + nSe) compared to their respective single nCeO2 treatments. Moreover, in the plants exposed to high nCeO2 concentrations, nSe application resulted in undamaged vacuoles, less starch granules' accumulation, significant yield improvement, and elevated Fe, Se, and Zn in seeds. Data suggest that selenium nanoparticles prevent nCeO2 stress in mung bean and improve grain production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Kamali-Andani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sina Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemistry and Computer Science Building, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran. Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan, University of Technology, Iran
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Agathokleous E, Zhou B, Geng C, Xu J, Saitanis CJ, Feng Z, Tack FMG, Rinklebe J. Mechanisms of cerium-induced stress in plants: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158352. [PMID: 36063950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive evaluation of the effects of cerium on plants is lacking even though cerium is extensively applied to the environment. Here, the effects of cerium on plants were meta-analyzed using a newly developed database consisting of approximately 8500 entries of published data. Cerium affects plants by acting as oxidative stressor causing hormesis, with positive effects at low concentrations and adverse effects at high doses. Production of reactive oxygen species and its linked induction of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase and superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g. glutathione) are major mechanisms driving plant response mechanisms. Cerium also affects redox signaling, as indicated by altered GSH/GSSG redox pair, and electrolyte leakage, Ca2+, K+, and K+/Na+, indicating an important role of K+ and Na+ homeostasis in cerium-induced stress and altered mineral (ion) balance. The responses of the plants to cerium are further extended to photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic efficiency of PSII, electron transport rate, and quantum yield of PSII. However, photosynthesis response is regulated not only by physiological controls (e.g. gs), but also by biochemical controls, such as via changed Hill reaction and RuBisCO carboxylation. Cerium concentrations <0.1-25 mg L-1 commonly enhance chlorophyll a and b, gs, A, and plant biomass, whereas concentrations >50 mg L-1 suppress such fitness-critical traits at trait-specific concentrations. There was no evidence that cerium enhances yields. Observations were lacking for yield response to low concentrations of cerium, whereas concentrations >50 mg Kg-1 suppress yields, in line with the response of chlorophyll a and b. Cerium affects the uptake and tissue concentrations of several micro- and macro-nutrients, including heavy metals. This study enlightens the understanding of some mechanisms underlying plant responses to cerium and provides critical information that can pave the way to reducing the cerium load in the environment and its associated ecological and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Boya Zhou
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Caiyu Geng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Wuppertal, Germany
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de Souza RB, de Souza CP, Guimarães JR. Environmentally realistic concentrations of eprinomectin induce phytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80983-80993. [PMID: 35727508 PMCID: PMC9209316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eprinomectin, a veterinary drug within the family of avermectins, is widely used in the agricultural sector to combat a variety of parasites, mainly nematodes. However, only 10% of the drug is metabolized in the organism, so large quantities of the drug are released into the environment through urine and/or feces. Soil is the first and main environmental compartment to be contaminated by it, and nontargeted organisms can be affected. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity (through the evaluation of germination, root development, and germination speed) and genotoxicity (through an assessment of the induction of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations) of eprinomectin. For the analyses, Allium cepa seeds were germinated in soil contaminated with a range of concentrations of eprinomectin: from 0.5 to 62.5 μg/g for the genotoxicity test and from 0.5 to 128.0 μg/g for the phytotoxicity test. The results showed that seed germination was not affected, but root development was affected at concentrations of 0.5 μg/g, 1.0 μg/g, 4.0 μg/g, 8.0 μg/g, 64.0 μg/g, and 128.0 μg/g, and germination speed was significantly changed at concentrations of 1.0 μg/g, 4.0 μg/g, 16.0 μg/g, 32.0 μg/g, and 64.0 μg/g. Significant differences in the mitotic index and genotoxicity index were observed only at concentrations of 2.5 μg/g and 12.5 μg/g, respectively. Only the 0.5 μg/g concentration did not show significant induction of micronuclei in the meristematic cells, but the damage observed at other concentrations did not persist in F1 cells. According to the results, eprinomectin is both phytotoxic and genotoxic, so the release of eprinomectin into the environment should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael B de Souza
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - José Roberto Guimarães
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Kamali-Andani N, Fallah S, Peralta-Videa JR, Golkar P. A comprehensive study of selenium and cerium oxide nanoparticles on mung bean: Individual and synergistic effect on photosynthesis pigments, antioxidants, and dry matter accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154837. [PMID: 35346715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction effects of CeO2 NPs (250, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) and Se NPs (25, 50 and 75 mg L-1) were evaluated in mung bean (Vigna radiata). Single NPs and their combinations were foliar applied to 45-day old mung bean plants under greenhouse conditions. In each pot, a total volume of 100 mL of NPs suspension was sprayed on the plants shoot in two steps and one-week interval. After 94 days of growth, membrane degradation, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic pigments, and dry matter accumulation were assessed. At 250 and 500 mg CeO2-NPs L-1, there was partial increase of dry matter, stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes (p ≤ 0.05), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, at 1000 mg L-1, CeO2-NPs caused strong accumulation of ROS (p ≤ 0.05), enlargement of starch granules and swelling of chloroplasts. In addition, at such concentration, there was accumulation of starch granules, reduction of photosynthetic pigments, biological nitrogen fixation, chlorosis, and a significant retardation in plant growth, compared with control, (p ≤ 0.05). Combination of Se-NPs (25 and 50 mg L-1) with 250 mg L-1 of CeO2 NPs decreased hydrogen peroxide, improved CAT, Chla, Chlb, and increased dry matter (p ≤ 0.05). At 1000 mg CeO2 NPs L-1, foliar spray of Se-NPs led to Ce accumulation in the cell wall and increased levels of SOD and proline (p ≤ 0.05). Results showed that 25 and 50 mg Se NPs L-1 ameliorate the stress of CeO2 NPs by upregulating photosynthesis pigments, antioxidants, and dry matter accumulation. Therefore, depending on the CeO2 NPs concentration, the mechanisms of Se NPs in modulating CeO2 NPs stress varied; low concentrations of Se NPs may strengthen the metabolism of legumes, and protect them against foliar toxicity of CeO2 NPs in semi-arid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Kamali-Andani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sina Fallah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Chemistry and Computer Science Building, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Egler SG, Niemeyer JC, Correia FV, Saggioro EM. Effects of rare earth elements (REE) on terrestrial organisms: current status and future directions. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:689-699. [PMID: 35362805 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are becoming increasingly important economically and highly exploited, thus contributing to REE increases in ecosystems. The ecotoxicological effects of REE on the terrestrial environment are, however, not fully understood and information on the biological effects of REE is urgently required for environmental risk assessments. In this review, studies and gaps in the existing scientific literature regarding the toxicological effects of REE on terrestrial organisms are presented. A total of 41 articles from the Web of Science database are discussed. La and Ce are the most studied elements, while little information is found concerning heavy REE. Most studies have been performed on plant species and few investigations are available for animals. Plant effects such as reduced mitotic index, germination and photosynthesis and antioxidant system enzyme alterations have been reported. Invertebrate effects include mortality, reproduction alterations and reduced locomotion. Based on the limited number of articles on terrestrial environment REE effects, this review highlights the need for more detailed studies in order to elucidate the effects associated with the REE hormesis and perform complete risk assessments with the establishment of safe REE usage limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gonçalves Egler
- Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 21.941-908, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio Veríssimo Correia
- UNIRIO, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tao Y, Shen L, Feng C, Yang R, Qu J, Ju H, Zhang Y. Distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) and their roles in plant growth: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118540. [PMID: 34801619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various industries has led to a rise in discharge points, thus increasing discharge rates, circulation, and human exposure. Therefore, REEs have received widespread attention as important emerging pollutants. This article thus summarizes and discusses the distribution and occurrence of REEs in the world's soil and water, and briefly introduces current REEs content analysis technology for the examination of different types of samples. Specifically, this review focuses on the impact of REEs on plants, including the distribution and fractionation of REEs in plants and their bioavailability, the effect of REEs on seed germination and growth, the role of REEs in plant resistance, the physiological and biochemical responses of plants in the presence of REEs, including mineral absorption and photosynthesis, as well as a description of the substitution mechanism of REEs competing for Ca in plant cells. Additionally, this article summarizes the potential mechanisms of REEs to activate endocytosis in plants and provides some insights into the mechanisms by which REEs affect endocytosis from a cell and molecular biology perspective. Finally, this article discusses future research prospects and summarizes current scientific findings that could serve as a basis for the development of more sustainable rare earth resource utilization strategies and the assessment of REEs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Chong Feng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Rongyi Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hanxun Ju
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Bispo FHA, de Menezes MD, Fontana A, Sarkis JEDS, Gonçalves CM, de Carvalho TS, Curi N, Guilherme LRG. Rare earth elements (REEs): geochemical patterns and contamination aspects in Brazilian benchmark soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117972. [PMID: 34426210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements have been increasingly used in modern societies and soils are likely to be the final destination of several REE-containing (by)products. This study reports REE contents for topsoils (0-20 cm) of 175 locations in reference (n = 68) and cultivated (n = 107) areas in Brazil. Benchmark soil samples were selected accomplishing a variety of environmental conditions, aiming to: i) establishing natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE in soils; ii) assessing potential contamination of soils - via application of phosphate fertilizers - with REE; and, iii) predicting soil-REE contents using biomes, soil type, parent material, land use, sand content, and biomes-land use interaction as forecaster variables through generalized least squares multiple regression. Our hypotheses were that the variability of soil-REE contents is influenced by parent material, pedogenic processes, land use, and biomes, as well as that cultivated soils may have been potentially contaminated with REE via input of phosphate fertilizers. The semi-total concentrations of REE were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) succeeding a microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion. Analytical procedures followed a rigorous QA/QC protocol. Soil physicochemical composition and total oxides were also determined. Natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE were established statistically from the dataset by the median plus two median absolute deviations method. Contamination aspects were assessed by REE-normalized patterns, REE fractionation indices, and Ce and Eu anomalies ratios, as well as enrichment factors. The results indicate that differences in the amounts of REE in cultivated soils can be attributed to land use and agricultural sources (e.g., phosphate-fertilizer inputs), while those in reference soils can be attributed to parent materials, biomes, and pedogenic processes. The biomes, land use, and sand content helped to predict concentrations of light REE in Brazilian soils, with parent material being also of special relevance to predict heavy REE contents in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ademir Fontana
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Soil Science Division, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nilton Curi
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tommasi F, Thomas PJ, Pagano G, Perono GA, Oral R, Lyons DM, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M. Review of Rare Earth Elements as Fertilizers and Feed Additives: A Knowledge Gap Analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:531-540. [PMID: 33141264 PMCID: PMC8558174 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are key constituents of modern technology and play important roles in various chemical and industrial applications. They also are increasingly used in agricultural and zootechnical applications, such as fertilizers and feed additives. Early applications of REEs in agriculture have originated in China over the past several decades with the objective of increasing crop productivity and improving livestock yield (e.g., egg production or piglet growth). Outside China, REE agricultural or zootechnical uses are not currently practiced. A number of peer-reviewed manuscripts have evaluated the adverse and the positive effects of some light REEs (lanthanum and cerium salts) or REE mixtures both in plant growth and in livestock yield. This information was never systematically evaluated from the growing body of scientific literature. The present review was designed to evaluate the available evidence for adverse and/or positive effects of REE exposures in plant and animal biota and the cellular/molecular evidence for the REE-associated effects. The overall information points to shifts from toxic to favorable effects in plant systems at lower REE concentrations (possibly suggesting hormesis). The available evidence for REE use as feed additives may suggest positive outcomes at certain doses but requires further investigations before extending this use for zootechnical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tommasi
- Department of Biology, "Aldo Moro" Bari University, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Daniel M Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy
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12
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Vishnu Priyan V, Kumar N, Narayanasamy S. Development of Fe 3O 4/CAC nanocomposite for the effective removal of contaminants of emerging concerns (Ce 3+) from water: An ecotoxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117326. [PMID: 34049131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concerns present in the ecosystems causes various adverse effects on all living organisms. In current study, removal of Ce3+ from water was performed using Fe3O4/CAC nanocomposite (MCAC) synthesized by co-precipitation technique. The synthesized MCAC was characterized using various analytical techniques. The magnetic behavior of the nanocomposite which is a crucial advantage in separation of MCAC after adsorption of Ce3+ from water was determined using vibrating sample magnetometer. MCAC was polycrystalline comprising both amorphous and crystalline regions with elements like C, O, Fe and N. The influence of process parameters was optimized through batch mode with the adsorption capacity of 86.206 mg/g. Ecotoxicological studies were performed using Danio rerio (Zebra fish) and seeds of Vigna mungo and Vigna radiata to assess the harmful effects of Ce3+ before and after adsorption process. The phytotoxicity studies on seeds revealed that inhibition of growth ranges from 50.39% to 12.55% (before adsorption) and 28.57%-3.89% (after adsorption). After 96 h the LC50 value of Ce3+ on the Danio rerio before and after adsorption was 2.44 and 77.85 mg/L. Thus, the current study investigated the effective removal of Ce3+ by MCAC and evaluates its ecotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vishnu Priyan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Selvaraju Narayanasamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Ben Y, Cheng M, Wang L, Zhou Q, Yang Z, Huang X. Low-dose lanthanum activates endocytosis, aggravating accumulation of lanthanum or/and lead and disrupting homeostasis of essential elements in the leaf cells of four edible plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112429. [PMID: 34147864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging as a serious threat to ecological safety due to their increasing accumulation in environments. The accumulation of REEs in environments has significantly increased its accumulation in the leaves of edible plants. However, the accumulation pathway of REEs in the leaves of edible plants are still unknown. In this study, lanthanum [La(III), a widely used and accumulated REE] and four edible plants (soybean, lettuce, pakchoi, and celery) with short growth cycles were selected as research objects. By using interdisciplinary research techniques, we found that low-dose La(III) activated endocytosis (mainly the clathrin-mediated endocytosis) in the leaf cells of four edible plants, which provided an accumulation pathway for low-dose La in the leaf cells of these edible plants. The accumulation of La in the leaf cells was positively correlated with the intensity of endocytosis, while the intensity of endocytosis was negatively correlated with the density of leaf trichomes. In addition to the accumulation of La, low-dose La(III) also brought other risks. For example, the harmful element (Pb) can also be accumulated in the leaf cells via La(III)-activated endocytosis; the homeostasis of the essential elements (K, Ca, Fe, Mg) was disrupted, although the chlorophyll synthesis and the growth of these leaf cells were accelerated; and the expression of stress response genes (GmNAC20, GmNAC11) in soybean leaves was increased. These results provided an insight to further analyze the toxicity and mechanism of REEs in plants, and sounded the alarm for the application of REEs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ben
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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14
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Dong C, Jiao C, Xie C, Liu Y, Luo W, Fan S, Ma Y, He X, Lin A, Zhang Z. Effects of ceria nanoparticles and CeCl 3 on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of corn (Zea mays) plants grown in soil. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100311. [PMID: 35559968 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The release of toxic ions from metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) may play an important role in biological effects of NPs. In this life cycle study, physiological and biochemical responses of soil-grown corn (Zea mays) plants exposed to ceria NPs and its ionic counterparts Ce3+ ions at 0, 25, 75 and 225 mg Ce/kg were investigated. Both treatments tended to reduce the fresh weight and height of the plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS), and delay silk appearance and finally decrease fruit weight at harvest. Uptake and distribution of some mineral nutrients, Ca, P, Fe, B, Zn and Mn in the plants were disturbed. None of the treatments significantly affected activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA contents in the roots and leaves at 28 DAS. At 90 DAS, ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturbed the homeostasis of antioxidative systems in the plants, Ce3+ ions at all concentrations provoked significant oxidative damage in the roots and significantly increased MDA levels as compare to the control. The results indicate that the effects of ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants varied with different growth stages and ceria NPs had similar but less severe impacts than Ce3+ ions. Speciation analysis revealed there was mutual transformation between CeO2 and Ce3+ in the soil-plant system. It is speculated that Ce3+ ions play a key role in toxicity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a life cycle study on comparative toxicity of CeO2 NPs and Ce3+ ions on corn plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yabo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shixian Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Lima AT, Ottosen L. Recovering rare earth elements from contaminated soils: Critical overview of current remediation technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129163. [PMID: 33293053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are essential for sustainable energies such as solar and wind power, with rising demand due to the ambitious goal for a circular society. REE are currently mined from virgin ores while REE-rich contaminated soil is left untreated in the environment. Soil remediation strategies are needed that concomitantly cleanup soil and harvest metals that contribute to process circular economy. In this review we aim to (i) define REE concentrations in contaminated soils as well as (ii) identify soil remediation techniques used in remediating REE from soils, emphasizing the ones that extract REE. Current literature lists REE polluted soils in the vicinities of REE mines, coal mines, high traffic roads and agricultural soils (due to REE association with phosphate fertilizers). We first list the conventional separation methods used in the mining industry and their main strategies in extracting/precipitating REE. Solvent extraction is the most commonly conventional method used followed by electrodeposition of REE at high temperatures. We then highlight soil remediation techniques that are used to treat REE. These techniques can be separated into two types: the ones that (a) stabilize REE in soils, and the ones that (b) extract REE from soils. Bioremediation, soil amendments and others offer stabilization of REE, eventually creating a legacy problem since REE keep accumulating in the soil. Soil remediation techniques that achieve REE extraction are a step closer to resource recovery, contributing to the circularity of REE. Techniques such as phytoremediation, soil washing and electrokinetic treatment show promising extraction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Lima
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Lisbeth Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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Yan R, Qiu Z, Bian X, Yang J, Lyu S, Zhou A. Effective adsorption of antimony from aqueous solution by cerium hydroxide loaded on Y-tape molecular sieve adsorbent: Performance and mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Yusupov DV, Baranovskaya NV, Robertus YV, Radomskaya VI, Pavlova LM, Sudyko AF, Rikhvanov LP. Rare earth elements in poplar leaves as indicators of geological environment and technogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27111-27123. [PMID: 32394255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background and anomalous rare earth element (RЕЕ) concentrations in poplar (Populus spp.) leaves in urban areas of Siberia, Russian Far East, and Kazakhstan were determined. Regions with the highest RЕЕ levels were identified. Ratios of light to middle RЕЕs are geochemical indicators of the impacts of oil refining and mining. Airborne dust transport by prevailing winds from ash and slag dumps of power plants and industrial sites, and alluvial terraces control the REE distribution in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Valerevich Yusupov
- School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
- Amur State University, Ignatievskoe highway 21, Blagoveshchensk, Russia, 675027.
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Fedorovich Sudyko
- School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Leonid Petrovich Rikhvanov
- School of Earth Sciences & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
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18
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Lian F, Liu X, Gao M, Li H, Qiu W, Song Z. Effects of Fe-Mn-Ce oxide-modified biochar on As accumulation, morphology, and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18196-18207. [PMID: 32172416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fluidity of arsenic (As) in soil used for rice cultivation under flooding conditions is the main reason for its high accumulation in rice, which poses a serious threat to human's health. Biochar can immobilize heavy metal (for example lead) of soil because of the strong binding of heavy metals to the inner biochar particles. We conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of biochar (BC) and Fe-Mn-Ce oxide-modified biochar composites (FMCBCs) on the morphology, As accumulation, and grain quality of rice grown in As-contaminated soils. The biochar and FMCBC treatments significantly increased the dry weight of roots, stems, leaves, and rice grains grown in As-contaminated soil (P < 0.05). The As concentration in different parts of rice was significantly lower with treatment FMCBC3-2 (BC, Fe, Mn, and Ce weight ratio of 24:2:3:10) than with the BC and control (no BC) treatments. The application of FMCBC3-2 maximized the yield and quality of rice grains: rice grain yields were 61.45-68.41% higher over control and the proportion of essential amino acids in the rice grains was 31.01-44.62%. The application of FMCBCs also increased the concentration of Fe-Mn plaques, which prevent the uptake of As by rice, thereby mitigating the toxic effects of As-contaminated soil on rice. In summary, Fe-Mn-Ce oxide-modified BC composites fixed As, reducing its fluidity and the As concentration in rice. Our results show that FMCBC3 could play an important role in reducing As accumulation and increasing the grain yield and quality of rice, thus ensuring food safety in regions contaminated with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lian
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Liaoning Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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19
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Martins GC, de Oliveira C, Ribeiro PG, Natal-da-Luz T, Sousa JP, Bundschuh J, Guilherme LRG. Assessing the most sensitive and reliable endpoints in plant growth tests to improve arsenic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134753. [PMID: 31759704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is toxic to humans and the environment. Its toxicity has been assessed in many ways, including plant growth tests integrated in As risk assessments (RA). The tiered approach used in RA schemes assumes that lower tiers are more conservative than higher tiers. Plant growth tests may comprise lower tier of a RA and include the measurement of several endpoints. However, only few of these endpoints are highly sensitive and reliable, which makes them more appropriate to comprise lower tiers. Therefore, the selection of those endpoints is needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the most appropriate endpoints of plant growth tests to use in lower tier As RA schemes. This selection of endpoints was based on their sensitivity and reliability, using different tropical soils and plant species. In order to achieve this objective, six plant species were exposed to eight levels of As contamination (0; 8; 14.5; 26; 46.5; 84; 150; 270 mg kg-1), in three different tropical soils (Oxisol, Inceptisol, and tropical artificial soil). The endpoints measured were: first germination count (FrC), plant height (PH), relative leaf area (RLA), stem diameter (SD), total germination (TG), germination speed index (GSI), dry mass (DM), number of completely expanded leaves (CEL), plant survival (PS), soil plant analysis development chlorophyll level (SPAD), and the final germination count (FnC). Toxic values for 50% of effect were estimated for each endpoint within each species and test soil, to rank them according to their sensitivity and reliability. The most sensitive endpoints were: FrC, RLA, DM, GSI, PH, and FnC, while the most reliable endpoints were: FrC, DM, GSI, DM, PH, FnC, and TG. Our findings suggest that FrC, DM, GSI, PH, and FnC are the most adequate endpoints to be used in plant growth tests as lower tiers of As RA in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Caixeta Martins
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Soil Science, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Vale Institute of Technology, 955 Boaventura da Silva Street, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Cynthia de Oliveira
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Soil Science, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Godinho Ribeiro
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Soil Science, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
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Zhao CM, Shi X, Xie SQ, Liu WS, He EK, Tang YT, Qiu RL. Ecological Risk Assessment of Neodymium and Yttrium on Rare Earth Element Mine Sites in Ganzhou, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:565-570. [PMID: 31410500 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays rare earth elements (REEs) are widely applied in high-technology and clean energy products, but their environmental risks are still largely unknown. To estimate the ecological risk of REEs, soil samples were collected from REE mine tailings with and without phytoremediation. The results showed that the tailings had rather low organic matter and high total REE concentrations, up to 808.5 mg/kg. The 10% effective concentration (EC10) of neodymium (Nd) and yttrium (Y) were calculated based on the toxicity tests of seed germination and root growth. For both wheat and mung bean, the EC10 of Nd and Y in soils were in the range of 1053.1-1300.1 mg/kg. The average hazard quotient of mine tailing soil without phytoremediation was higher than that with phytoremediation. All the hazard quotient of Nd and Y were less than 1, indicating that Nd or Y alone was unlikely to cause adverse ecological effects. Given to the coexistence of REEs on mine sites, the ecological risk of REE mixture could be potentially high towards local soil environments, even for soils with phytoremdiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Er-Kai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Tao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Liang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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