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Wu F, Liu Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang C, Ai S, Li J, Wang X. Research on aquatic microcosm: Bibliometric analysis, toxicity comparison and model prediction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134078. [PMID: 38518699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, aquatic microcosms have attracted considerable attention because they can be used to simulate natural aquatic ecosystems. First, to evaluate the development of trends, hotspots, and national cooperation networks in the field, bibliometric analysis was performed based on 1841 articles on aquatic microcosm (1962-2022). The results of the bibliometric analysis can be categorized as follows: (1) Aquatic microcosm research can be summarized in two sections, with the first part focusing on the ecological processes and services of aquatic ecosystems, and the second focusing on the toxicity and degradation of pollutants. (2) The United States (number of publications: 541, proportion: 29.5%) and China (248, 13.5%) are the two most active countries. Second, to determine whether there is a difference between single-species and microcosm tests, that is, to perform different-tier assessments, the recommended aquatic safety thresholds in risk assessment [i.e., the community-level no effect concentration (NOECcommunity), hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5) and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC)] were compared based on these tests. There was a significant difference between the NOECcommunity and HC5 (P < 0.05). Moreover, regression models predicting microcosm toxicity values were constructed to provide a reference for ecological systemic risk assessments based on aquatic microcosms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Offshore Environmental Technology & Services Limited, Beijing 100027, PR China
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; The College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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2
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Hong Y, Xie H, Jin X, Naraginti S, Xu D, Guo C, Feng C, Wu F, Giesy JP. Prediction of HC 5s for phthalate esters by use of the QSAR-ICE model and ecological risk assessment in Chinese surface waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133642. [PMID: 38330644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to their endocrine-disrupting effects and the risks posed in surface waters, in particular by chronic low-dose exposure to aquatic organisms, phthalate esters (PAEs) have received significant attention. However, most assessments of risks posed by PAEs were performed at a selection level, and thus limited by empirical data on toxic effects and potencies. A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model was constructed to estimate hazardous concentrations (HCs) of selected PAEs to aquatic organisms, then they were used to conduct a multiple-level environmental risk assessment for PAEs in surface waters of China. Values of hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5s), based on acute lethality, estimated by use of the QSAR-ICE model were within 1.25-fold of HC5 values derived from empirical data on toxic potency, indicating that the QSAR-ICE model predicts the toxicity of these three PAEs with sufficient accuracy. The five selected PAEs may be commonly measured in China surface waters at concentrations between ng/L and μg/L. Risk quotients according to median concentrations of the five PAEs ranged from 3.24 for di(2-ethylhexhyl) phthalate (DEHP) to 4.10 × 10-3 for dimethyl phthalate (DMP). DEHP and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had risks to the most vulnerable aquatic biota, with the frequency of exceedances of the predicted no-effect concentration (PNECs) of 75.5% and 38.0%, respectively. DEHP and DBP were identified as having "high" or "moderate" risks. Results of the joint probability curves (JPC) method indicated DEHP posed "intermediate" risk to freshwater species with a maximum risk product of 5.98%. The multiple level system introduced in this study can be used to prioritize chemicals and other new pollutant in the aquatic ecological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huiyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Saraschandra Naraginti
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48895, USA
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Huang X, Li X, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Sun L, Feng Y, Du J, Lu X, Wang G. Comprehensive assessment of health and ecological risk of cadmium in agricultural soils across China: A tiered framework. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133111. [PMID: 38043426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination has been increasingly serious in agricultural land across China, posing unexpected risks to human health concerning crop safety and terrestrial ecosystems. This study collected Cd concentration data from 3388 soil sites in agricultural regions. To assess the Cd risk to crop safety, a comprehensive sampling investigation was performed to develop reliable Soil Plant Transfer (SPT) model. Eco-toxicity tests with representative soils and organism was conducted to construct the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) for ecological risk assessment. Then, a tiered framework was applied based on Accumulation index, deterministic method (Hazard quotient), and probabilistic assessment (Monte Carlo and Joint Probability Curve). The results revealed the widespread Cd enrichment in agricultural soils, mainly concentrated in Central, Southern, and Southwest China. Risk assessments demonstrated the greater risks related to crop safety, while the ecological risks posed by soil Cd were manageable. Notably, agricultural soils in southern regions of China exhibited more severe risks to both crop safety and soil ecosystem, compared to other agricultural regions. Furthermore, tiered methodology proposed here, can be adapted to other trace elements with potential risks to crop safety and terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; College of Environment Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xuzhi Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yanhong Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Junyang Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaosong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Liang W, Zhao X, Wang X, Tang Z, Zhang X, Wang X. Prediction of freshwater ecotoxicological hazardous concentrations of major surfactants using the QSAR-ICE-SSD method. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108472. [PMID: 38368720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic surfactant products are continuously released into the aquatic environment in large quantities, posing a burden on ecosystems as a "pseudo-persistent" organic pollutant. Threshold derivation for protecting aquatic ecosystems is challenging due to the various homologous components of surfactants. In this study, five commercially available products were chosen as representative major types of surfactants. Corresponding quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were screened and subsequently combined with interspecific correlation estimation (ICE) to develop species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for each component. Then, the 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5s) were calculated. The results indicated that the developed QSAR-ICE models demonstrated good toxicity prediction performance. The HC5 of each component showed a negatively correlation with alkyl chain length and a positive correlation with the amount of ethylene oxide. The HC5s of surfactants correlate with variations in their charged properties. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) exhibited the lowest HC5s (8.5 ± 18.3 μg/L), followed by alcohol ethoxylates (AE), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), and alcohol ethoxylated sulfates (AES); and alkyl oxide (AO) exhibited the highest HC5s (15784.2 ± 21552.6 μg/L). For cationic surfactants, the HC5s in the invertebrates were significantly lower than those in the fish; conversely, for anionic surfactants, the opposite was true, indicating a difference in the toxic mechanisms of surfactants with different charged properties across species taxa. Additionally, among invertebrates, shellfish demonstrated heightened sensitivity to surfactants, owing to their high accumulation and low metabolism of pollutants. Salmoniformes were the most sensitive among all species, indicating the necessity of prioritizing these species for aquatic ecological conservation in surfactant-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Raimondo S, Lilavois C, Nelson SA. Uncertainty analysis and updated user guidance for interspecies correlation estimation models and low toxicity compounds. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023. [PMID: 38130092 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models are log-linear relationships of acute sensitivity between two species that estimate the sensitivity of an untested species from the known sensitivity of a surrogate. As ICE model use increases globally, additional user guidance is required to ensure consistent use across chemicals and applications. The present study expands ICE uncertainty analyses and user guidance with a focus on low toxicity compounds whose acute values (i.e., reported as mg/L) can be greater than those used to develop a model. In these cases, surrogate values may be outside the ICE model domain and require additional extrapolations to predict acute toxicity. We use the extensive, standardized acute toxicity database underlying ICE models to broadly summarize inter-test variability of acute toxicity data as a measure by which model prediction accuracy can be evaluated. Using the data and models found on the USEPA Web-ICE (www3.epa.gov/webice), we created a set of "truncated" models from data corresponding to the lower 75th percentile of surrogate toxicity. We predicted toxicity for chemicals in the upper 25th percentile as both μg/L beyond the model domain and converted to mg/L (i.e., "scaled" value) and compared these predictions with those from cross-validation of whole ICE models and to the measured value. For ICE models with slopes in the range 0.66-1.33, prediction accuracy of scaled values did not differ from the accuracy of the models when data were entered as μg/L within or beyond the model domain. An uncertainty analysis of ICE confidence intervals was conducted and an interval range of two orders of magnitude was determined to minimize type I and II errors when accepting or rejecting ICE predictions. We updated the ICE user guidance based on these analyses to advance the state of the science for ICE model application and interpretation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-12. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Raimondo
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Crystal Lilavois
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon A Nelson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
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Liu S, Wang T, Lu J, Li Z. Seawater quality criteria derivation and ecological risk assessment for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114871. [PMID: 37023546 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum nicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid (IMI) has been frequently recorded in seawater environments. Water quality criteria (WQC) is the maximum concentration of chemicals, which will not pose harmful effects on aquatic species in the studied water body. Nevertheless, the WQC is not available for IMI in China, which hinders the risk assessment of this emerging pollutant. This study, therefore, aims to derive the WQC for IMI through the toxicity percentile rank (TPR) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology, and to assess its ecological risk in aquatic environments. Results showed that the recommended short-term water quality criterion (SWQC) and long-term criterion (LWQC) in seawater were derived as 0.8 μg/L and 0.056 μg/L, respectively. The ecological risk of IMI in seawater shows a wide range with hazard quotient (HQ) values of up to 11.4. The environmental monitoring, risk management and pollution control for IMI, therefore, warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinyu Lu
- College of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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7
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Wu J, Gao L, Jiang S, Jia N, Wang D, Wu J. Original and improved interspecies correlation estimation models in China for potential application in water quality criteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21654-21660. [PMID: 36272001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoranthene (FLU) has gained much attention in recent years because of its continuous discharge in natural waters and toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. However, it is difficult to control and manage FLU pollution because of the lack of a rational and scientific water quality criteria (WQC) of FLU. To solve these data gaps, the US EPA established an interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model, which can be utilized to develop the SSD and HC5 (hazardous concentration, 5th percentile). Moreover, an improved model was developed using a combination of North American ICE models supplemented with China-specific species. In this study, to verify the applicability of the two ICE models, measured acute toxicity data for FLU were obtained from 9 acute toxicity tests using indigenous Chinese aquatic species from different taxonomic levels. Original and improved ICE-based SSD curves, which were generated using 3 surrogate species (Daphnia magna, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Lepomis macrochirus), were compared with SSD curves based on measured data. The results showed that HC5 was 1.838, 1.062, and 0.570 mg/L for the original ICE, improved ICE, and measured data, respectively. The improved ICE-based HC5 value for FLU was within twofold of the HC5 value based on measure data, while the original ICE-based HC5 value was threefold higher than the HC5 value based on measure data. This indicated that the improved ICE had better predictability in extrapolating data with acceptable deviation than the original ICE. Furthermore, their differences between HC5 derived from two SSD curves were not significant. Generally, the improved ICE model was verified as a valid approach for generating SSDs with limited toxicity data and for deriving WQC for FLU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Lin Gao
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Songhua Jiang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jia
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Tian B, Li J, Luo J, Wang X, Ai S, Wang X. Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in provinces of China based on different soil types: From normalization to soil quality criteria and ecological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129891. [PMID: 36103763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risks can vary dramatically depending on abiotic factors, such as soil properties and the background values of elements. This study developed a framework for an integrated risk assessment system to derive soil quality criteria (SQC) for heavy metals (HMs) applicable to different soil types and to assess ecological risks at a multi-regional scale. Through the construction of normalization and species sensitivity distribution models, 248 SQC values for Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Cr, Sb, and Ni in 31 Chinese provinces were derived. These SQC considered the soil types and background values of the elements and effectively reduced the uncertainty caused by spatial heterogeneity. Using the derived SQC values, the qualitative and quantitative ecological risks of HMs in the terrestrial environment of China were comprehensively assessed using a three-level ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach. Compared to traditional ERA methods, the new methodology reached a more quantitative conclusion. The mean overall probabilities of ecological risk in China were 2.42 % (Cd), 2.82 % (Pb), 12.17 % (Zn), 14.89 % (As), 10.42 % (Cu), 32.20 %(Cr), and 8.88 % (Ni). The new framework could be useful for the ERA of various soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Biao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; The College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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Cao L, Liu R, Wang L, Liu Y, Li L, Wang Y. Reliable and Representative Estimation of Extrapolation Model Application in Deriving Water Quality Criteria for Antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:191-204. [PMID: 36342347 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deriving water quality benchmarks based on the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is crucial for assessing the ecological risks of antibiotics. The application of extrapolation methods such as interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) and acute-to-chronic ratios (ACRs) can effectively supplement insufficient toxicity data for these emerging contaminants. Acute-to-chronic ratios can predict chronic toxicity from acute toxicity, and ICE can extrapolate an acute toxicity value from one species to another species. The present study explored the impact of two extrapolation methods on the reliability of SSDs by analyzing different scenarios. The results show that, compared with the normal and Weibull distributions, the logistic model was the best-fitting model. For most antibiotics, SSDs derived by extrapolation have high reliability, with 82.9% of R2 values being higher than 0.9, and combining ICE and ACR methods can bring a maximum increase of 10% in R2 . Based on the results of Monte Carlo simulation, the statistical uncertainty brought by ICE in SSD is 10-40 times larger than that brought by ACR, and combining the two methods could reduce uncertainty. In addition, the sensitivity test showed that whether the toxicity data came from extrapolation or actual measurement, the lower the value of toxicity endpoints was, the greater the bias caused by the corresponding species in every scenario. Combining the two aforementioned extrapolation methods could effectively increase the stability of SSD, with their bias nearly equal to 1. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:191-204. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University/Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Zhu YJ, Zhu XY, Xu QJ, Qian YH. Water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment for copper in Liaodong Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114164. [PMID: 36252440 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of water quality criteria (WQC) for copper (Cu) was used as the basis for an ecological risk assessment of marine Cu pollution in Liaodong Bay, China. Published ecotoxicity data for Cu were obtained and supplemented with the results of acute Cu toxicity tests. The marine WQC for Cu in Liaodong Bay was developed using a species sensitivity distribution method with a safety factor of 2.0 and the USEPA acute-to-chronic ratio method. The ecological risk of Cu in Liaodong Bay was assessed by comparing the seawater Cu concentrations with the developed WQC. The results of this study showed that the acute and chronic Cu concentrations in Liaodong Bay were 3.31 and 2.18 μg/L, respectively. Comparison of the WQC to Cu concentrations in the bay resulted in risk quotients slightly >1.0 and typically ≤2.0. These data suggest that certain organisms in Liaodong Bay are at risk. These results can assist in the development of a pollution control management approach for the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jie Zhu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Qian
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China; Wuxi No.5 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Cui L, Ni H, Lei K, Gao X, Wang X, Liu Z. Chemical characteristics analysis of automobile exhaust particles and the method for evaluating its ecological effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136152. [PMID: 36029867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust has become the main source of atmospheric particulate matter with the increase in the number of automobiles. Automobile exhaust particles (AEPs) discharged into the atmosphere can enter the aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, rain runoff, leaching, drainage water and urban sewage and further affect aquatic organisms. However, there is no comprehensive theory and method to evaluate the ecological effects of AEPs on aquatic environment. The new European driving cycle (NEDC) and the world harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC) were used to analyze the ecotoxicity of AEPs. The SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline under WLTC were used for further analysis. The chemical characteristics of AEPs were analyzed, and the ecotoxicity of AEPs on aquatic organisms was studied with Vibrio fischeri and Danio rerio as test organisms. The ecological effect of AEPs was studied through species sensitivity distribution based on interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models. The results showed that (ⅰ) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the main organic substances in AEPs. The total concentrations of PAHs in AEPs measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 237.4 and 159.8 mg kg-1, respectively, and the EC50 values for V. fischeri measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 42.02 and 47.05 mg L-1, respectively. (ⅱ) Total heavy metal concentrations in AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid, and sedan gasoline were 197.52, 104.86, and 89.68 mg kg-1, respectively, and the LC50 values for D. rerio were 3.22, 4.46 and 5.62 mg L-1. Cu and Mn were the main toxic heavy metals in AEPs. (ⅲ) The PNEC values of AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline were 0.57, 0.83 and 1.02 mg L-1, respectively. This exploratory study can provide technical information on water ecological safety assessment for determining the impact of AEPs on the surface water environment and for further improving automobile exhaust emission standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hong Ni
- State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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12
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Qin L, Li P, Gao C, Fu P, Wang D, Wang J. Development of seawater quality criteria for phenanthrene based on toxicity data of native species in the Bohai Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114045. [PMID: 36029588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe), one of the most commonly detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, poses a potential threat to marine ecosystems due to its strong toxicity to aquatic organisms. Developing marine water quality criteria (WQC) is critical to effectively control Phe pollution. This study conducted 10 acute toxicity tests and 4 chronic toxicity tests using native species in the Bohai Sea, China and found that the half-lethal/effective concentrations (LC50/EC50) of Phe for all tested organisms were in the range of 0.198-50.142 mg/L. Among them, the mysid Neomysis awatschensis was the most sensitive species, and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was the least sensitive. In terms of chronic toxicity, the range of no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the four tested organisms was 0.0156-4.00 mg/L. Based on the toxicity data and other data collected from existing databases and literature, the established species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model revealed that the marine WQC for Phe was 39.55 μg/L. Furthermore, the reliability of the derived criteria was verified by measuring multiple endpoints of Skeletonema costatum and Brachionus plicatilis after chronic exposure to Phe. Finally, the environmental concentrations of Phe in the Bohai Sea were determined to be 8.0-318 ng/L, and the joint probability curve (JPC) results showed that the ecological risk of Phe was acceptable. This study provides a reference for developing seawater quality standards for Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shandong Gold Group Co., Ltd., No. 2503, Jingshi Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
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13
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Hong Y, Feng C, Jin X, Xie H, Liu N, Bai Y, Wu F, Raimondo S. A QSAR-ICE-SSD model prediction of the PNECs for alkylphenol substances and application in ecological risk assessment for rivers of a megacity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107367. [PMID: 35944286 PMCID: PMC10015408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols (APs) are ubiquitous and generally present in higher residue levels in the environment. The present work focuses on the development of a set of in silico models to predict the aquatic toxicity of APs with incomplete/unknown toxicity data in aquatic environments. To achieve this, a QSAR-ICE-SSD model was constructed for aquatic organisms by combining quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), interspecies correlation estimation (ICE), and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models in order to obtain the hazardous concentrations (HCs) of selected APs. The research indicated that the keywords "alkylphenol" and "nonylphenol" were most commonly studied. The selected ICE models were robust (R2: 0.70-0.99; p-value < 0.01). All models had a high reliability cross- validation success rates (>75%), and the HC5 predicted with the QSAR-ICE-SSD model was 2-fold than that derived with measured experimental data. The HC5 values demonstrated nearly linear decreasing trend from 2-MP to 4-HTP, while the decreasing trend from 4-HTP to 4-DP became shallower, indicates that the toxicity of APs to aquatic organisms increases with the addition of alkyl carbon chain lengths. The ecological risks assessment (ERA) of APs revealed that aquatic organisms were at risk from exposure to 4-NP at most river stations (the highest risk quotient (RQ) = 1.51), with the highest relative risk associated with 2.9% of 4-NP detected in 82.9% of the sampling sites. The targeted APs posed potential ecological risks in the Yongding and Beiyun River according to the mixture ERA. The potential application of QSAR-ICE-SSD models could satisfy the immediate needs for HC5 derivations without the need for additional in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Huiyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, United States
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Wu J, Zhao X, Gao L, Li Y, Wang D. Use of Interspecies Correlation Estimation (ICE) Models to Derive Water Quality Criteria of Microplastics for Protecting Aquatic Organisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10307. [PMID: 36011942 PMCID: PMC9407957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the water environment pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. The Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) method was used to assess the ecological risks of microplastics on aquatic organisms in this study. However, the limited toxicity data of aquatic organisms made it impossible to derive water quality criteria (WQC) for MPs and difficult to implement an accurately ecological risk assessment. To solve the data gaps, the USEPA established the interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model, which could predict toxicity data to a wider range of aquatic organisms and could also be utilized to develop SSD and HC5 (hazardous concentration, 5th percentile). Herein, we collected the acute toxicity data of 11 aquatic species from 10 families in 5 phyla to fit the metrical-based SSDs, meanwhile generating the ICE-based-SSDs using three surrogate species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Hyalella Azteca, and Daphnia magna), and finally compared the above SSDs, as well as the corresponding HC5. The results showed that the measured HC5 for acute MPs toxicity data was 112.3 μg/L, and ICE-based HC5 was 167.2 μg/L, which indicated there were no significant differences between HC5 derived from measured acute and ICE-based predicted values thus the ICE model was verified as a valid approach for generating SSDs with limited toxicity data and deriving WQC for MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lin Gao
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
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15
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Liang W, Wang X, Wu A, Zhang X, Niu L, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao X. Application of combined QSAR-ICE models in calculation of hazardous concentrations for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134400. [PMID: 35339521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a widely used anionic surfactant that exists as a mixture of various homologous structures in water environment. In the calculation of hazardous concentrations of LAS, cross-taxonomies toxicity estimation was often used instead of species-level-specific estimation for the normalization of toxicity data, which led to substantial uncertainties. In this study, combined quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and interspecific relationship estimation (ICE) models were developed to normalize the alkyl chain length of toxicity data and calculate the 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5s) of LAS. Using seven acute QSAR models based on measured data and 29 acute QSAR-ICE models derived from them, the acute HC5s of LAS were calculated as 2.09-3.67 mg/L. Furthermore, species- and family-level-specific QSAR and QSAR-ICE models were used to calculate chronic HC5s (0.19-0.38 mg/L). Additionally, the sensitivity of biological toxicity to the hydrophobicity of LAS, represented by the slope of the QSAR models, had a significant correlation with the taxa of the species. Further risk assessment based on chronic HC5s showed potential ecological risks in the Dianchi Lake basin and Haihe River basin in China, which should cause concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Aiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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16
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Liu S, Wang Y, Zhang R, Guo G, Zhang K, Fan Y, Feng C, Li H. Water quality criteria for lanthanum for freshwater aquatic organisms derived via species sensitivity distributions and interspecies correlation estimation models. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:897-908. [PMID: 35610399 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exploitation and application of rare earth elements (REEs) may induce hazardous risks to freshwater aquatic organisms. Due to the lack of water quality criteria (WQC) and sufficient reliable toxicity data, little information is available on the ecological risk of REEs in surface water. In this study, lanthanum (La) toxicity data were collected from published toxicological studies, and the data quality was assessed using a toxicological data reliability assessment tool. To obtain more toxicity data, Daphnia magna, Cyprinus carpio, and Dania rerio embryos were selected as surrogate species, and an interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) model was used to predict the toxicity of La for untested species. The species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of La toxicity and WQC were investigated. Differences were observed in the hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5), but no statistically significant differences were noted in the SSD curves between the measured acute toxicity data and the predicted data. For the SSDs constructed from the measured toxicity data, the ICE-predicted toxicity data and all acute data supplemented with the ICE-predicted data, the acute WQC values of La were 88, 1022 and 256 μg/L, respectively. According to the SSD and corresponding HC5 of chronic toxicity data, the chronic WQC was 14 μg/L. The results provide a scientific reference for establishing WQC for freshwater aquatic organisms and ecological risk assessments of REEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Kaibo Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yili Fan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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17
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Qi Y, Yao Z, Ma X, Ding X, Shangguan K, Zhang M, Xu N. Ecological risk assessment for organophosphate esters in the surface water from the Bohai Sea of China using multimodal species sensitivity distributions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153172. [PMID: 35063513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) as the foremost substitutes of brominated flame retardants have been ubiquitously found in the aquatic environment around the world. However, the information on the community-level risks induced by OPEs to the marine ecosystem remains scarce. This study adopted ten commonly used species sensitivity distribution (SSD) parametric statistical approaches coupled with the acute-to-chronic transformation for the toxicity data to fit the sensitivity distributions of different species to four major OPE congeners including triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) in the surface water of the Bohai Sea. All SSD models except Exponential for TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP fitted well the chronic toxicity data for the four OPE congeners. Discrepancies appeared among the best fitting models for different congeners, which also happened to the fitting results from the multiple SSD models for each congener. Based on the best fitting models, the hazard concentrations corresponding to the cumulative probability of 5% were 3.58 mg/L, 0.116 mg/L, 1.30 mg/L, and 1.44 mg/L for TEP, TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP, respectively. The risks induced by the four OPE congeners to the Bohai Sea ecosystem were negligible during the monitoring period because of both the risk quotients and the hazard indexes far <0.1. This study drew a clear picture of the joint ecological risks of TEP, TnBP, TCEP, and TCPP to the Bohai Sea environment. The application of multimodal SSD statistical methods will benefit the accurate derivation of water quality criteria and the community-level ecological risk assessment for pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolin Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Kuixing Shangguan
- Ecological Civilization Construction Service Center of Linyi, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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18
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Zhang J, Shi J, Ge H, Tao H, Guo W, Yu X, Zhang M, Li B, Xiao R, Xu Z, Li X. Tiered ecological risk assessment of nonylphenol and tetrabromobisphenol A in the surface waters of China based on the augmented species sensitivity distribution models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113446. [PMID: 35366563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risks of nonylphenol (NP) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have received continued attention owing to their large consumption, frequently detection, adverse effects on the reproductive fitness, and lack of risk assessment technical systems. The geometric mean of the median concentrations of NP in the 22 surface waters was 0.278 μg/L, and TBBPA in the seven surface waters was 0.014 μg/L in China. The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models were augmented by extrapolated reproductive toxicity data of native species to reduce uncertainty. The SSD models and the hazardous concentrations for 5% of species exhibited good robustness and reliability using the bootstrap method and minimum sample size determination. The acute and reproductive predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived as 9.88 and 0.187 μg/L for NP, and 56.6 and 0.0878 μg/L for TBBPA, respectively. The risk quotients indicated that 11 of 22 locations for NP, and 3 of 7 locations for TBBPA were at high ecological risk levels based on the reproductive PNECs. Furthermore, the higher tier ecological risk assessment (ERA) based on potential affected fraction and joint probability curves indicated that the ecological risks in the four of above locations needed further concern. The ERA based on both the acute and reproductive toxicity is essential for assessing the ecological risks of NP and TBBPA, otherwise using acute PNECs only may result in an underestimation of ecological risk. The developed tiered ERA method and its framework can provide accurate, detailed, quantitative, locally applicable, and economically technical support for ERA of typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hui Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huanyu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangyi Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemical Management Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruijie Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zonglin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Potential Toxic Elements from a Mining Area (Water and Sediments): The San Juan-Taxco River System, Guerrero, Mexico. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The San Juan-Taxco River system is situated in the Taxco mining district, which is a well-known international producer of silver, jewelry and precious metal handicrafts. The population and biota in the area have been affected by inappropriate disposal of anthropogenic activities that pollute the hydric resources and threaten their health and sustainability, since the inhabitants use the groundwater and river water for human consumption, domestic water supply and irrigation. This study was conducted to assess the pollution in the river system, human health implications and ecological risk in the aquatic environment (groundwater, surface water and superficial sediment). This evaluation was done on the base of hydrochemical, textural, mineralogical and geochemical analysis supported by calculation of human health risk using chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) with environmental and geochemical indices for ecological risk evaluation. The health risk assessment indicated increasing non-health carcinogenic risk to the exposed population to the river water and dug wells (HI > 1), and thus, these resources are not recommended for human consumption, domestic activities and prolonged ingestion. The results demonstrated a high degree of pollution due to toxic elements and geochemical indices. The Pollution Load Index indicated potential risk that will cause harmful biological effects in the riverine environment.
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Shen C, Pan X, Wu X, Xu J, Dong F, Zheng Y. Ecological risk assessment for difenoconazole in aquatic ecosystems using a web-based interspecies correlation estimation (ICE)-species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133236. [PMID: 34896421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a typical triazole fungicide that can inhibit demethylation during ergosterol synthesis. Due to its wide use, difenoconazole is frequently detected in surface water, paddy water, agricultural water, and other aquatic environments. Presently, an assessment of the ecological risk posed by difenoconazole in aquatic ecosystems is lacking. Here, a web-based interspecies correlation estimation (ICE)-species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model was first applied to assess the ecological risk of difenoconazole in aquatic environments. Meanwhile, maximum acceptable concentration (MAC), maximum risk-free concentration (MRFC), and risk quotient (RQ) values were used to evaluate the potential risk of difenoconazole to aquatic organisms. Our results showed that an aquatic MAC value of 0.31 μg/L was acceptable for difenoconazole in aquatic environments. Further, the detected concentration of difenoconazole was lower than the MRFC value of 0.09 μg/L indicating no risk to aquatic organisms. Assessment data suggested that difenoconazole exhibited potential risks to eight studied aquatic ecosystems (including surface water, paddy water, and agricultural water) in different countries (RQ > 1), indicating that difenoconazole overuse could cause adverse effects to aquatic organisms in these aquatic ecosystems. Thus, restricted use and rational use of difenoconazole are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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21
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Li W, Wang L, Wang X, Liu R. Derivation of predicted no effect concentration and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic musks tonalide and galaxolide in sediment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113093. [PMID: 34942419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic musks (PMs) have drawn increased attention in recent years because of their persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. As two typical PMs contaminants, tonalide (AHTN) and galaxolide (HHCB) are widely detected in sediment worldwide. Acute and chronic toxicity data of AHTN and HHCB to freshwater and seawater organisms in water and sediments are collected and screened. The predicted no effect concentrations (PNECsediment) for AHTN and HHCB is derived according to the equilibrium partitioning method recommended by the EU technical guidance document (TGD) and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method based on the measured sediment toxicity data. The concentration levels of AHTN and HHCB are investigated and evaluated in freshwater and seawater sediments. Results show the difference between native and non-native freshwater species is not statistically significant. AHTN is more toxic to freshwater and seawater organisms than HHCB, and seawater organisms are more sensitive to 2 musks than freshwater organisms. The chronic PNECsediment values of AHTN and HHCB are 194.48 and 416.47 ng/g in freshwater sediment, 88.93 and 128.34 ng/g in seawater sediment respectively. The AHTN and HHCB linear correlation analysis exhibited a strong positive linear correlation in both domestic (R2=0.9054) and foreign (R2 = 0.9645) sediment. Preliminary risk assessment shows that the risks posed by AHTN and HHCB in sediment based on individual or combined concentrations of two musks are at medium to high levels in some regions. Further risk assessment results indicate that, for HHCB, 1.72% of foreign freshwater sediment may pose an ecological risk to 5% species; for AHTN, 8.06% of foreign freshwater sediment and 1.02% of domestic freshwater sediment may pose an ecological risk to 5% species, and 5.86% of seawater sediment may pose an ecological risk to 5% species. The above results indicate that there are some negligible risks in domestic and foreign sediments posed by these two musks, we should continue to pay attention to the toxic effects and pollution level of both musks in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Cui L, Wang X, Li J, Gao X, Zhang J, Liu Z. Ecological and health risk assessments and water quality criteria of heavy metals in the Haihe River. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117971. [PMID: 34438170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is an issue of wide concern owing to the toxic and bioaccumulative properties of many heavy metals and their tendencies to persist in the environment. The Haihe River is an important river in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and heavy metal pollution of the basin has attracted considerable attention. This study determined the concentrations of 14 heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn) in water, sediments, and fish samples from the Haihe River basin. The results showed that the concentrations ranged from 0.08 μg L-1 to 60.49 μg L-1 in water, 0.11 mg kg-1 to 229.20 mg kg-1 in sediments, and 0.01 mg kg-1 to 11.72 mg kg-1 in fish. We derived the ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) value of each heavy metal with respect to human health, and then performed a comprehensive risk assessment according to the native parameters. The human health AWQC values for the assessed 14 heavy metals ranged from 0.16 μg L-1 to 726.53 μg L-1. The health risks posed by As, Cr, Hg, and Sb and the ecological risks associated with Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd, Co, Hg, and Sn were found to be issues of concern. The results of a sensitivity analysis revealed that the highest contributing parameter was i) the concentration in water (Cw) for Cd, Co, Mn, Sb, and Sn; ii) the intake rate of water (IRw) for As, Ba, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Se; and iii) the concentration in fish (Cf) for Cu and Zn. The results of this research could contribute to the information required for water quality assessments and the development of water quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Tao H, Qi G, Guo W, Ge H, Shi J. A QSAR-ICE-SSD Model Prediction of the PNECs for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Their Ecological Risks in an Area of Electroplating Factories. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216574. [PMID: 34770982 PMCID: PMC8587016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds that are persistent and bioaccumulate, posing a potential threat to the aquatic environment. The electroplating industry is considered to be an important source of PFASs. Due to emerging PFASs and many alternatives, the acute toxicity data for PFASs and their alternatives are relatively limited. In this study, a QSAR–ICE–SSD composite model was constructed by combining quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), interspecies correlation estimation (ICE), and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) models in order to obtain the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of selected PFASs. The PNECs for the selected PFASs ranged from 0.254 to 6.27 mg/L. The ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 177 to 983 ng/L in a river close to an electroplating industry in Shenzhen. The ecological risks associated with PFASs in the river were below 2.97 × 10−4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
| | - Huanyu Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guanjing Qi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
| | - Wei Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hui Ge
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianghong Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (H.T.); (G.Q.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (J.S.)
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Potential for Interspecies Toxicity Estimation in Soil Invertebrates. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100265. [PMID: 34678961 PMCID: PMC8541476 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models are linear regressions that predict toxicity to a species with few data using a known toxicity value in a surrogate species. ICE models are well established for estimating toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates but have not been generally developed or applied to soil organisms. To facilitate the development of ICE models for soil invertebrates, a database of single chemical toxicity values was compiled from knowledgebases and reports that included 853 records encompassing 192 chemicals and 12 species. Most toxicity data for single chemicals tested in soil media were for species of earthworms, with only limited data for other species and taxa. ICE models were developed for eleven separate species pairs as least squares log-linear regressions of acute toxicity values of the same chemicals tested in both the surrogate and predicted species of soil organisms. Model uncertainty was assessed using leave one out cross-validation as the fold difference between a predicted and measured toxicity value. ICE models showed high accuracy within order (e.g., earthworm to earthworm), but less prediction accuracy in the two across-taxa models (Arthropoda to Annelida and the inverse). This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration that ICE models can be developed for soil invertebrates.
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Fan B, Wang X, Xie Z, Li J, Gao X, Cui L, Gao S, Liu Z. Aquatic life criteria & human health ambient water quality criteria derivations and probabilistic risk assessments of 7 benzenes in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129784. [PMID: 33548643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The benzenes have attracted worldwide attention due to their high biological toxicity in the environment. In this study, using species sensitivity distribution method to derive the aquatic life criteria of 7 benzenes (carbazole, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene, phenol, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and nitrobenzene), then risk quotient method (RQ), potentially affected fraction (PAF) method and joint probability curve (JPC) method were applied for multilevel ecological risk assessment for 7 benzenes in Tai Lake Basin. In addition, the human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) of 7 benzenes were derived according to USEPA guidelines, and the probability distributions of human health AWQC for 7 benzenes in China were simulated by Monte Carlo simulation combined with crystal ball software. Finally, the health risks of 7 benzenes in Tai Lake were assessed by RQ method assisted by Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that nitrobenzene had the maximum aquatic life criteria value, followed by phenol, chlorobenzenes, 2,4-Dichlorophenol and carbazole. All recommended human health AWQC values of 7 benzenes were found at a position of 27th-55th percentiles in the output criteria distributions, indicating that recommended national human health AWQC values could provide effective protection for most of the population in China. Furthermore, the consumption of aquatic products was found to be the most influential parameter of human health AWQC for benzenes with higher Kow values. The risk assessments showed that noncarcinogenic 2,4-Dichlorophenol had potential ecological risk, carcinogenic carbazole and 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene had significant human health risk in Tai Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zheyu Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Ding TT, Du SL, Huang ZY, Wang ZJ, Zhang J, Zhang YH, Liu SS, He LS. Water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment for ammonia in the Shaying River Basin, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112141. [PMID: 33740491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current Chinese surface water environmental quality standard GB3838-2002 for ammonia fails to take water quality factors and native organism distributions in different basins into consideration. In this study, ammonia toxicity tests were performed using three aquatic organisms native to the Shaying River Basin (China). Published ammonia toxicity data with pH and temperature, and toxicity data acquired in this study were used to establish water quality criteria. The final criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for the Shaying River Basin were 5.09 and 1.36 (mg total ammonia nitrogen (TAN))/L (pH 7 and 20 °C), respectively. In addition, based on the corresponding relationship between ammonia toxicity and temperature and pH, the ecological risk assessment of ammonia was conducted in different seasons for the Shaying River using a tiered approach of both hazard quotient (HQ) and the joint probability (JPC) methods. Two methods gave consistent results: the ecological risks of ammonia to aquatic species in the Shaying River Basin were severe and the risk could be ranked as wet season > flat season > dry season. It is therefore indicating that monitoring, evaluation, and early warning of ammonia pollution need to be taken to prevent and control the risks posed by ammonia pollution, especially for wet season (because of high temperatures and pH) or flat season (because of high pH values). We hope the present work could provide valuable information to manage and control ammonia pollution in the Shaying River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shi-Lin Du
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zi-Yan Huang
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Waste Water Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Waste Water Resource of Anhui Province, College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Lian-Sheng He
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Wang X, Cui L, Li J, Zhang C, Gao X, Fan B, Liu Z. Water quality criteria for the protection of human health of 15 toxic metals and their human risk in surface water, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116628. [PMID: 33601198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of water quality criteria (WQC) support for the current water quality standard (WQS), systematic WQC studies have been carried out in recent years in China. WQC for the protection of human health is established to reflect long-term consumption safety of aquatic products and water. Human health WQC for 15 toxic metals and metalloids based on exposure factors of the Chinese population and 40 field bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were developed and analyzed in this study. Moreover, age-specific (age 2-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, and adult) and region-specific (east, central and west China) WQC were analyzed to better understanding of the impact of specific parameter values on WQC. Human health WQC with consumption of fishes and water, consumption of fishes only, and consumption of water only were derived separately. WQC with consumption of water and organism for Hg, Cd, As, Sb, Se, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Sn, Ba, and Sr were 0.0264, 0.710, 0.827, 3.48, 22.1, 25.7, 32.2, 32.9, 35.5, 41.8, 72.1, 97.1, 206 and 2.20 × 103 μg/L, and were 13.3 and 6.67 × 103 μg/L for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with consumption of water only. Comparison of age-specific and region-specific WQC showed that the protection for a specific population should be considered in the development of WQC and WQS, as well as cancer effect for carcinogenic metals. Health risk analysis showed that Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Hg and Mn average concentrations in 7, 5, 9, 22, 11 and 5 provinces exceeded the WQC values with consumption of water and aquatic product, showing potential long-term health risk (HQ ≥ 1) to the local population. Therefore, health risks posed by these metals from dietary intake related to surface water should be paying more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- China Offshore Environmental Services Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300452, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Fan B, Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Gao X, Li W, Ai S, Cui L, Gao S, Liu Z. Ammonia spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment for freshwater species in aquatic ecosystem in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111541. [PMID: 33254401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia has been of concern for its high toxicity to aquatic species and frequent detection in waters worldwide. This study calculated the national aquatic life criteria for ammonia in China. The temporal and spatial distributions were investigated and the multi-tier ecological risks were assessed for ammonia and un-ionized ammonia (NH3) during 2014-2018 based on a total of 18989 ammonia monitoring data from 110 monitoring sites in seven river basins. The sensitivity comparison of different species taxa to ammonia showed that Perciformes fish should be listed as a priority protected species in the derivation of ammonia criteria. The participation of introduced aquaculture species have no significant impact on the final criteria values (t-test, p > 0.05). The final criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) were 10.24 and 3.31 mg/L for ammonia (pH 7.0 and 20 °C). The interannual variation showed that decreasing trends were observed for ammonia and NH3 pollutions in the past five years. However, the increasing trends were observed for ammonia in Liao River basin, for NH3 in Yangtze River and Pearl River basins (2014-2018). The significant seasonal and geographical differences of ammonia and NH3 pollution were found. Moreover, the pollutions of ammonia and NH3 in some monitoring points of Huai River, Yellow River and Songhua River basins at the provincial borders were significant. The result of ecological risk assessment showed that the average exceedance probability for 5% affected species by NH3 in long-term exposure was 28.96% in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Cui L, Fan M, Belanger S, Li J, Wang X, Fan B, Li W, Gao X, Chen J, Liu Z. Oryzias sinensis, a new model organism in the application of eco-toxicity and water quality criteria (WQC). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127813. [PMID: 32768750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish play an important role as a primary eco-toxicity test organism in environmental hazard assessment. Toxicity data of native species are often sought for use in the derivation of water quality criteria (WQC). The Chinese medaka, Oryzias sinensis, is an endemic species of China. The acute toxicity of 6 chemicals on O. sinensis was tested in this work, and toxicity effect of 10 chemicals to O. sinensis was compared with 4 commonly used species globally. A total of 9 robust interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models using O. sinensis as the surrogate species were constructed and used to derive predicted no effect concentration and hazardous concentrations of 5% species (HC5) values based on species sensitivity distribution. Results showed that the 96 h median lethal concentration of Hg2+, Cr6+, linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, triclosan, 3,4-dchloroaniline, sodium chloride to O. sinensis were 0.29, 50, 6.0, 0.63, 9.2 and 14,400 mg/L, respectively. The sensitivity of O. sinensis and other 4 testing organisms were statistically indistinguishable (P > 0.05). No significant difference among HC5-ICE, HC5-measured and HC5 from published literatures was identified. All results indicated the O. sinensis is a potential model organism in the application of eco-toxicity and WQC in China and other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, United States
| | - Scott Belanger
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, United States
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Bouhedjar K, Benfenati E, Nacereddine AK. Modelling quantitative structure activity-activity relationships (QSAARs): auto-pass-pass, a new approach to fill data gaps in environmental risk assessment under the REACH regulation. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:785-801. [PMID: 32878491 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2020.1810770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reviewing the toxicological literature for over the past decades, the key elements of QSAR modelling have been the mechanisms of toxic action and chemical classes. As a result, it is often hard to design an acceptable single model for a particular endpoint without clustering compounds. The main aim here was to develop a Pass-Pass Quantitative Structure-Activity-Activity Relationship (PP QSAAR) model for direct prediction of the toxicity of a larger set of compounds, combing the application of an already predicted model for another species, and molecular descriptors. We investigated a large acute toxicity data set of five aquatic organisms, fish, Daphnia magna, and algae from the VEGA-Hub, as well as Tetrahymena pyriformis and Vibrio fischeri. The statistical quality of the models encouraged us to consider this alternative for the prediction of toxicity using interspecies extrapolation QSAAR models without regard to the toxicity mechanism or chemical class. In the case of algae, the use of activity values from a second species did not improve the models. This can be attributed to the weak interspecies relationships, due to different aquatic toxicity mechanisms in species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bouhedjar
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Biocatalyse Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba , Annaba, Algeria
- Laboratoire Bioinformatique, Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie (CRBt) , Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , Milano, Italy
| | - E Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , Milano, Italy
| | - A K Nacereddine
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Biology of Materials, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Higher Normal School of Technological Education-Skikda , Skikda, Algeria
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Li W, Wang S, Li J, Wang X, Cui L, Chen J, Liu Z. Antioxidative enzyme activities in the Rhodeinae sinensis Gunther and Macrobrachium nipponense and multi-endpoint assessment under tonalide exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110751. [PMID: 32446104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tonalide or acetyl hexamethyl tetralin (AHTN) is used as a fragrance additive in various household products. Recently, AHTN has drawn attention owing to its negative health effects on aquatic organisms. Data on AHTN toxicity toward aquatic species are limited. Therefore, this study tested the oxidative stress induced by AHTN exposure on the Rhodeinae sinensis Gunther and Macrobrachium nipponense. In this study, malonaldehyde (MDA) content and the activities of acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) in R. sinensis Gunther were tested after 30 days of exposure to 30.093, 34.005, 38.426, 43.421, 49.067, 55.444, 62.652, 70.800, and 80.000 μg/L AHTN, respectively. The MDA, AchE, SOD, GST and CAT in M. nipponense were tested after 40 days of exposure to 60.000, 72.000, 86.400, 103.680, 124.416, 149.299, 179.159, 214.991, and 257.989 μg/L AHTN, respectively. In addition, an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was utilised to evaluate the integrated toxic effects of AHTN on R. sinensis Gunther and M. nipponense. Finally, the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of AHTN, based on reproduction, biochemistry, survival, chronic toxicity, and acute toxicity endpoints were derived. The results indicated that low concentrations of AHTN can induce significant changes of oxidative stress biomarkers. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of SOD, GST, AchE, CAT, and MDA were 103.680, 72.000, <60.000, 72.000, and <60.000 μg/L for R. sinensis Gunther and 38.426, 43.421, 30.093, 30.093, and 38.426 μg/L for M. nipponense, respectively. The IBR calculation results showed that 149.299 μg/L AHTN caused the highest toxic effect on R. sinensis Gunther after 30 days of exposure, whereas 70.797 μg/L AHTN caused the greatest damage to M. nipponense after 40 days of exposure. The PNECs of AHTN based on the non-traditional endpoints of biochemistry and reproduction were 0.00145 μg/L and 0.000395 μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than the PNEC of 2.636 μg/L for traditional endpoint survival. Therefore, the protection of aquatic organisms based on non-traditional toxicity endpoints should be considered in ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; The College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- The College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Liang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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