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Khaliliyan H, Lin J, Jusner P, Schiehser S, Bacher M, Kostić M, Rosenau T, Potthast A, Böhmdorfer S. Profiling of historical rag papers by their non-cellulosic polysaccharide composition. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121611. [PMID: 38142095 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose and pectin are noteworthy components of historical European rag papers, and have not been studied in detail so far. Rag papers were made from used textiles, and fiber-based utilities, such as ropes and bags. These had been prepared until the mid-19th century from plant-based fibers. Their polysaccharide composition could relate to their condition and history. This information can be expected to hold importance for the preservation and conservation of historical objects. We investigated a collection of rag papers of different age for their composition of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and compared the findings with modern rag papers and wood pulps. Furthermore, a non-destructive determination of the hemicellulose and pectin content by near-infrared spectroscopy was developed. Historical rag papers had a lower hemicellulose/pectin content than pulps; the fractions of rhamnose, galactose, and arabinose were higher, while xylose was lower. In modern rag papers, xylose tended to be at the higher end of the range, which suggests a degradation of hemicelluloses/pectin over time or a change in raw materials and manufacturing. Rag papers also showed higher crystallinity than wood pulp papers. These findings provide insights into rag paper characteristics and offer potential classification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Khaliliyan
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Justine Lin
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Jusner
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sonja Schiehser
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Markus Bacher
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Mirjana Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Antje Potthast
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Stefan Böhmdorfer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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2
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Sekandi P, Namukobe J, Byamukama R, Nagawa CB, Barbini S, Bacher M, Böhmdorfer S, Rosenau T. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of the isolated compounds from Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:201. [PMID: 37337184 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum) has been used in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in Uganda. Pharmacological studies revealed that extracts of S. princeae exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential. This study aimed at isolating and identifying pure compounds from the extracts based on comprehensive analytical characterization by multiple analytical techniques. METHODS The plant samples were extracted by sequential maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. The compounds were isolated using a combination of chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by multiple spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activity determination of the isolated compounds was carried out using an agar well diffusion and potato dextrose assay against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus while the antioxidant activity was screened with the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The sun protection factor was determined using a Shimadzu Ultra Violet-visible (UV-VIS) double beam spectrophotometer between 290 to 320 nm. RESULTS Eleven compounds; quercetin (1), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (2), rutin (3, 12), myo-inositol (4), asperulosidic acid (5), hexadecanoic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), stigmasterol (8), campesterol (9), ursolic acid (10), and β-sitosterol glucoside (11) were identified in the S. princeae extracts. Compound 2 had good antifungal activity against C. albicans (zone of inhibition, 23.0 ± 0.1 mm). Compound 10 showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. flavus. Compound 2 had a good percentage radical scavenging effect (IC50 = 64.81 µg/ml) and a good sun protection factor (SPF = 26.83). CONCLUSION This study reports the first-time isolation and identification of compounds 1 to 11 from S. princeae, which contribute to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sekandi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Jane Namukobe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Byamukama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine Betty Nagawa
- Department of Forestry, Biodiversity, and Tourism, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stefano Barbini
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Böhmdorfer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Debugging periodate oxidation of cellulose: Why following the common protocol of quenching excess periodate with glycol is a bad idea. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120691. [PMID: 36925234 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodate oxidation of cellulose to produce "dialdehyde cellulose" (DAC) has lately received increasing attention in sustainable materials development. Despite the longstanding research interest and numerous reported studies, there is still an enormous variation in the proposed preparation and work-up protocols. This apparently reduces comparability and causes reproducibility problems in DAC research. Two simple but prevalent work-up protocols, namely glycol quenching and filtration/washing, were critically examined and compared, resulting in this cautionary note. Various analytical techniques were applied to quantify residual iodine species and organic contaminations from quenching side reactions. The commonly practiced glycol addition cannot remove all oxidising iodine compounds. Both glycol and the formed formaldehyde are incorporated into DAC's polymeric structure. Quenching of excess periodate with glycol can thus clearly be discouraged. Instead, simple washing protocols are recommended which do not bear the risk of side reactions with organic contaminants. While simple washing was sufficient for mildly oxidised celluloses, higher oxidised samples were more likely to trap residual (per)iodate, as determined by thiosulfate titration. For work-up, simple washing with water is proposed while determining potential iodine contaminations after washing with a simple colorimetric test and, if needed, removal of residual periodate by washing with an aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution.
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4
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van Duppen P, Daines E, Robinson WE, Huck WTS. Dynamic Environmental Conditions Affect the Composition of a Model Prebiotic Reaction Network. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7559-7568. [PMID: 36961990 PMCID: PMC10080678 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotic environments are dynamic, containing a range of periodic and aperiodic variations in reaction conditions. However, the impact of the temporal dynamics of environmental conditions upon prebiotic chemical reaction networks has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate how the magnitude and rate of temporal fluctuations of the catalysts Ca2+ and hydroxide control the product distributions of the formose reaction. Surprisingly, the product compositions of the formose reaction under dynamic conditions deviate significantly from those under steady state conditions. We attribute these compositional changes to the non-uniform propagation of fluctuations through the network, thereby shaping reaction outcomes. An examination of temporal concentration patterns showed that collections of compounds responded collectively to perturbations, indicating that key gating reactions branching from the Breslow cycle may be important responsive features of the formose reaction. Our findings show how the compositions of prebiotic reaction networks were shaped by sequential environmental events, illustrating the necessity for considering the temporal traits of prebiotic environments that supported the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer van Duppen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Daines
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William E Robinson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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5
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Rosdan Bushra SM, Nurul AA. Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: The structure, characterization and biological functions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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6
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Simon J, Fliri L, Sapkota J, Ristolainen M, Miller SA, Hummel M, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Reductive Amination of Dialdehyde Cellulose: Access to Renewable Thermoplastics. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:166-177. [PMID: 36542819 PMCID: PMC9832504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 2-picoline borane was investigated for its applicability in the generation of bioderived thermoplastics. Five primary amines, both aliphatic and aromatic, were introduced to the cellulose backbone. The influences of the side chains on the course of the reaction were examined by various analytical techniques with microcrystalline cellulose as a model compound. The obtained insights were transferred to a 39%-oxidized softwood kraft pulp to study the thermal properties of thereby generated high-molecular-weight thermoplastics. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of the diamine celluloses, ranging from 60 to 82 kD, were investigated by gel permeation chromatography. The diamine celluloses exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) from 71 to 112 °C and were stable at high temperatures. Diamine cellulose generated from aniline and DAC showed the highest conversion, the highest Tg (112 °C), and a narrow molecular weight distribution (D̵ of 1.30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Simon
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
24, Tulln3430, Austria
| | - Lukas Fliri
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto0076, Finland
| | - Janak Sapkota
- NE Research
Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, Lappeenranta53200, Finland
| | - Matti Ristolainen
- NE Research
Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, Lappeenranta53200, Finland
| | - Stephen A. Miller
- The
George and Josephine Butler Laboratory for Polymer Research, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611-7200, United States
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto0076, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
24, Tulln3430, Austria,
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse
24, Tulln3430, Austria,
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7
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From Agri-Food Wastes to Polyhydroxyalkanoates through a Sustainable Process. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically-derived polymers polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and can be considered a valuable alternative to conventional fossil-based plastics. However, upstream and downstream processes for PHA production are characterized by high energy and chemical consumption and are not economically competitive with petroleum-based polymers. Aiming to improve both the environmental and economical sustainability of PHAs production, in this work, corn straw was used as raw material to obtain a mixture of fermentable sugars after microwave-assisted flash hydrolysis (2 min, 0.01 g/L, 50.7% yield). A mixed microbial culture enriched from dairy industry waste was used for fermentation in a shake flask, allowing us to achieve good poly(hydroxy-butyrate-co-hydroxy-valerate) yields (41.4%, after 72 h of fermentation). A scale-up in a stirred tank bioreactor (3 L) gave higher yields (76.3%, after 96 h), allowing in both cases to achieve a concentration of 0.42 g/L in the fermentation medium. The possibility of producing PHAs from agricultural waste using a mixed microbial culture from the food industry with enabling technologies could make the production of biopolymers more competitive.
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8
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Robinson WE, Daines E, van Duppen P, de Jong T, Huck WTS. Environmental conditions drive self-organization of reaction pathways in a prebiotic reaction network. Nat Chem 2022; 14:623-631. [PMID: 35668214 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of life from the prebiotic environment required a gradual process of chemical evolution towards greater molecular complexity. Elaborate prebiotically relevant synthetic routes to the building blocks of life have been established. However, it is still unclear how functional chemical systems evolved with direction using only the interaction between inherent molecular chemical reactivity and the abiotic environment. Here we demonstrate how complex systems of chemical reactions exhibit well-defined self-organization in response to varying environmental conditions. This self-organization allows the compositional complexity of the reaction products to be controlled as a function of factors such as feedstock and catalyst availability. We observe how Breslow's cycle contributes to the reaction composition by feeding C2 building blocks into the network, alongside reaction pathways dominated by formaldehyde-driven chain growth. The emergence of organized systems of chemical reactions in response to changes in the environment offers a potential mechanism for a chemical evolution process that bridges the gap between prebiotic chemical building blocks and the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Robinson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elena Daines
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peer van Duppen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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9
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Wang TL, Li YC, Lin CS, Zou YP. Comprehensive analysis of natural polysaccharides from TCMs: a generic approach based on UPLC-MS/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118877. [PMID: 34893280 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a new application using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) using aldononitrile acetate derivatives for simultaneous baseline separation and detection of eight neutral saccharides, two uronic acids, one ketose, and eight alditols within 14 min. The separation was performed on a Cortecs C₁₈ column using acetonitrile (A) and water (B) as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The target components were detected in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode by mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in positive ionization mode. A comparison with traditional methods was used to determine the validity of the results. The UHPLC-ESI-MS method was used for quantitative analysis of free carbohydrates in water extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida as well as determination of Polygonatum cyrtonema and Glossy ganoderma monosaccharides in polysaccharides. The results demonstrate that this protocol is a comprehensive and effective technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant polysaccharides from TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Wang
- Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519000, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 201210, China
| | - Yi-Cong Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 150001, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Active Ingredients of Natural Drugs, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China.
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10
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Khakimov B, Bakhytkyzy I, Fauhl-Hassek C, Engelsen SB. Non-volatile molecular composition and discrimination of single grape white of chardonnay, riesling, sauvignon blanc and silvaner using untargeted GC-MS analysis. Food Chem 2022; 369:130878. [PMID: 34469837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study developed and applied a GC-MS method aiming at molecular fingerprinting of 120 commercial single grape white wines (Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Silvaner) for possible authentication according to grape variety. The method allowed detection of 372 peaks and tentative identification of 146 metabolites including alcohols, organic acids, esters, amino acids and sugars. The grape variety effect explained 8.3% of the total metabolite variation. Univariate tests showed two-thirds of the metabolites being different between grape varieties. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis based classification models were developed for each grape variety and a panel of classifiers (42 metabolites) was established. All the classification models for grape variety showed a high certainty (>91%) for an independent test set. Riesling contained the highest relative concentrations of sugars and organic acids, while concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and gallic acid, common antioxidants in wine, decreased in the order of Chardonnay > Riesling > Sauvignon Blanc > Silvaner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark.
| | - Inal Bakhytkyzy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Carsten Fauhl-Hassek
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Head of Unit Product Identity, Supply Chains and Traceability Department Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
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11
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Zhang MJ, Zhao JH, Tang YS, Meng FY, Gao SQ, Han S, Hou SY, Liu LY. Quantification of carbohydrates in human serum using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with the stable isotope-labeled internal standard method. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of two derivatization approaches (silylation and acylation) for carbohydrate separation based on optimizing reaction conditions by artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Shu Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Yu Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Ying Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Bionian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, P. R. China
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12
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Becker M, Ahn K, Bacher M, Xu C, Sundberg A, Willför S, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Comparative hydrolysis analysis of cellulose samples and aspects of its application in conservation science. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:8719-8734. [PMID: 34316103 PMCID: PMC8299441 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Knowledge about the carbohydrate composition of pulp and paper samples is essential for their characterization, further processing, and understanding the properties. In this study, we compare sulfuric acid hydrolysis and acidic methanolysis, followed by GC-MS analysis of the corresponding products, by means of 42 cellulose and polysaccharide samples. Results are discussed and compared to solid-state NMR (crystallinity) and gel permeation chromatography (weight-averaged molecular mass) data. The use of the hydrolysis methods in the context of cellulose conservation science is evaluated, using e-beam treated and artificially aged cellulose samples. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-04048-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Kyujin Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- National Archives of Korea, 30 Daewangpangyo-ro 851beon-gil, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Chunlin Xu
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Sundberg
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
- c/o Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
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13
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Liu D, Tang W, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides from natural sources: Hydrolysis condition and detection method development. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Li P, Yan Z, Chen Y, He P, Yang W. Analysis of monosaccharide composition of water-soluble polysaccharides from Codium fragile by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1452-1460. [PMID: 33533562 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Codium fragile is a green alga belonging to Codiales family. The sulfated polysaccharides of this alga have anti-coagulation, antiviral, anti-angiogenesis, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. In this study, we developed a reliable and rapid method for the analysis of 10 monosaccharides using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Monosaccharides, including two pentoses (xylose, arabinose); two deoxyhexoses (rhamnose, fucose); three hexoses (mannose, glucose, galactose); two hexuronic acids (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid), and an N-acetyl-hexosamine (glucosamine), were derivatized using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and simultaneously analyzed within 9 min. Optimization of the derivatization process, especially by using various 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone concentrations, was studied. The calibration curves showed good linearity with a squared correlation coefficient > 0.995. The spiked recovery was determined to be 91.1-105.7% with the relative intra-day and inter-day standard deviations ranging from 2.58-6.71% and 3.15-7.67%, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all 10 monosaccharides ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 μg/mL and 0.05 to 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Using this method, the monosaccharides comprising the polysaccharides of Codium fragile were determined to be arabinose, galactose, and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Yan
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei He
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, P. R. China
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15
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Wang W, Chen F, Zheng F, Russell BT. Optimization of synthesis of carbohydrates and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) by response surface methodology (RSM) for improved carbohydrate detection. Food Chem 2020; 309:125686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Quantitation of amino sugar stereoisomer and muramic acid biomarkers by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460843. [PMID: 31928774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid separation and quantitation of the stereoisomer amino sugars glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine, along with muramic acid, is needed. These compounds, when their quantities are accurate, can be used to understand the origin and fate of natural organic matter (NOM) in the environment. These target molecules are biomarkers of fungi and bacteria and allow the deconvolution of microbial transformations and degradation of NOM in a wide variety of environmental matrices. Analytical methods applied to this suite of biomarkers are needed to understand carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry with a changing global climate. Traditional separations of these analytes by gas chromatography require sample derivatization, as does reverse phase liquid chromatography. In contrast, ion chromatography can separate the analytes directly, but requires a separate analytical method to quantify muramic acid. In this work we present a direct analysis of all these molecules using hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. Solvent composition, buffer strength, pH, flow rate, and column temperature were optimized. The method can separate these four compounds and the biopolymeric precursor molecule N-acetylglucosamine in a single run in under 8 min with equivalent resolution to the best previously reported separations that did not require derivatization prior to analysis. Detection of the analytes was performed by both tandem and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The method was assessed for its quantitative capabilities through i) peak area assignment, ii) check standards with ratios of the target analytes likely to be present in real samples, iii) an injection internal standard, and iv) quantitative analysis of real soil hydrolysates by external calibration and standard addition approaches. Across their expected analytical ranges the response for each analyte was highly linear with good accuracy (<25%) and precision (<15%) over three orders of magnitude. Detection limits of 20 µg L-1 were found for galactosamine and 5 µg L-1 for the remainder of the analytes, comparable to the majority of other methods reported in the literature. Overall, this new approach can directly and rapidly quantify amino sugars recovered in environmental hydrolysates.
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17
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An alternative approach for quantification of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone as trimethylsilyl derivatives by GC-FID. Carbohydr Res 2019; 487:107885. [PMID: 31816468 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for quantification of glyceraldehyde (GA), dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glycerol (GLY) by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) involving one-step derivatization into trimethylsilyl ethers is presented. In pyridine, DHA and GA showed predominant peaks assigned to dimeric structures and smaller peaks corresponding to the monomers. The later were identified by GC-MS as their completely derivatized molecules and were useful for construction of calibration curves with high linear correlation. On the other hand, DHA dimers were completely dissociated in water but GA dimers remained whereas with both, intermediates peaks arose which were associated to hydrated trymethyil silyl species. A calibration approach involving the sum of areas of most relevant peaks associated to aqueous solutions of GA and DHA was developed. Replicates measurements of a problem solution were in accordance with the results obtained by a well stablished HPLC technique. The coefficient of variation was below 5% for GLY and below 12% for GA and DHA. Compared with the HPLC method, the new GC-FID method presented a similar limit of quantification in the case of GA whereas for GLY and DHA a one-order-of-magnitude increase of sensitivity was achieved. TMS derivatives of GA and DHA without prior oximation enable a useful technique to study the equilibrium of the different tautomeric forms in solution.
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18
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Haas M, Lamour S, Trapp O. Development of an advanced derivatization protocol for the unambiguous identification of monosaccharides in complex mixtures by gas and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:160-167. [PMID: 30122163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The separation and analysis of complex monosaccharide mixtures is highly challenging and requires typically carefully selected derivatization procedures to avoid changes in the sample composition. Here we present in a comparative study several single- and two-step derivatization approaches for LC and GC separations using a set of reference compounds ranging from C1 building block such as formaldehyde to C6 monosaccharides. Separation conditions have been optimized resulting in the simultaneous separation of 15 unbranched aldoses. By parallel derivatization using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HACl)/ N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and O-ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (EtOx)/ N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and comparative GC measurements we developed a protocol for the unambiguous identification and separation of aldoses, ketoses, alditols and aldonic acids, which commonly occur in complex sugar mixtures as reaction by-products or decomposition products. In particular this procedure helps to deconvolute overlapping analytes and facilitates quantification. Additionally, the method presented here has been investigated in regard to storage life, detection limits, quantification and MS analysis. The broad applicability of this method to different sample matrices is shown for the analysis of food samples and complex aldol reaction mixtures in the formose reaction, which is of great relevance in the context of the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Haas
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Lamour
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Wang W, Chen F, Wang Y, Wang L, Fu H, Zheng F, Beecher L. Optimization of reactions between reducing sugars and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) by response surface methodology. Food Chem 2018; 254:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Zhang Q, Song X, Bartels D. Sugar metabolism in the desiccation tolerant grass Oropetium thomaeum in response to environmental stresses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:30-36. [PMID: 29576083 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oropetium thomaeum is a desiccation tolerant grass and acquisition of desiccation tolerance is correlated with changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Here we address the question whether the changes in carbohydrate metabolism are specific to the dehydration process or whether other environmental factors such as high temperature, low temperature, hypoxia, salinity or exogenous ABA application trigger the same or different changes in the sugar metabolism. Fifteen different sugar metabolites were identified by GC/MS, including erythritol, arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, myo-inositol, sedoheptulose, sucrose, trehalose, galactinol, maltose, raffinose, manninotriose and stachyose. Together with starch, these sugars were placed into the pathways of sucrose metabolism and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) metabolism, as well as into the group of rare sugars. By comparing the changes of sugars under various stresses, we concluded that the changes in the sugar metabolism are both convergent and divergent in response to different stresses. Except for the general response to stress, such as starch degradation, the changes of specific sugar metabolites reflect a stress-specific response of O. thomaeum. Erythritol seems to be specific for dehydration, myo-inositol for salt stress and trehalose for hypoxia stress. Similar as dehydration, low temperature, salt stress and ABA application resulted in the accumulation of sucrose and RFOs in O. thomaeum, which indicates that these stresses share high similarity with dehydration. Thus it is proposed that sucrose and RFOs have a general protective role under these stresses. In contrast sucrose and RFOs did not accumulate in response to high temperature or hypoxia whose effects tend to be consumptive and destructive. The accumulation of galactose, melibiose and manninotriose demonstrate that RFOs are degraded under stress. The accumulation of these sugar metabolites might result from the reaction of RFOs and stress-produced hydroxyl radicals, which supports a possible role of RFOs in stress defense. In addition, ABA application led to substantial synthesis of stachyose which occurs only in response to dehydration, indicating that stachyose synthesis is possibly closely related to ABA in O. thomaeum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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21
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Pushing the limits: Quantification of chromophores in real-world paper samples by GC-ECD and EI-GC-MS. Talanta 2018; 179:693-699. [PMID: 29310295 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Widening the methodology of chromophore analysis in pulp and paper science, a sensitive gas-chromatographic approach with electron-capture detection is presented and applied to model samples and real-world historic paper material. Trifluoroacetic anhydride was used for derivatization of the chromophore target compounds. The derivative formation was confirmed by NMR and accurate mass analysis. The method successfully detects and quantifies hydroxyquinones which are key chromophores in cellulosic matrices. The analytical figures of merit appeared to be in an acceptable range with an LOD down to approx. 60ng/g for each key chromophore, which allows for their successful detection in historic sample material.
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22
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VanBuren R, Wai CM, Zhang Q, Song X, Edger PP, Bryant D, Michael TP, Mockler TC, Bartels D. Seed desiccation mechanisms co-opted for vegetative desiccation in the resurrection grass Oropetium thomaeum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2292-2306. [PMID: 28730594 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Resurrection plants desiccate during periods of prolonged drought stress, then resume normal cellular metabolism upon water availability. Desiccation tolerance has multiple origins in flowering plants, and it likely evolved through rewiring seed desiccation pathways. Oropetium thomaeum is an emerging model for extreme drought tolerance, and its genome, which is the smallest among surveyed grasses, was recently sequenced. Combining RNA-seq, targeted metabolite analysis and comparative genomics, we show evidence for co-option of seed-specific pathways during vegetative desiccation. Desiccation-related gene co-expression clusters are enriched in functions related to seed development including several seed-specific transcription factors. Across the metabolic network, pathways involved in programmed cell death inhibition, ABA signalling and others are activated during dehydration. Oleosins and oil bodies that typically function in seed storage are highly abundant in desiccated leaves and may function for membrane stability and storage. Orthologs to seed-specific LEA proteins from rice and maize have neofunctionalized in Oropetium with high expression during desiccation. Accumulation of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in drying leaves mirrors sugar accumulation patterns in maturing seeds. Together, these results connect vegetative desiccation with existing seed desiccation and drought responsive pathways and provide some key candidate genes for engineering improved drought tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Song
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Doug Bryant
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Zweckmair T, Schiehser S, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Improved quantification of monosaccharides in complex lignocellulosic biomass matrices: A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based approach. Carbohydr Res 2017; 446-447:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Li N, Hai X, Yu X, Dang F. Carbohydrate analysis on hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane)/glass chips dynamically coated with ionic complementary peptide. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1481:152-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Monti L, Negri S, Meucci A, Stroppa A, Galli A, Contarini G. Lactose, galactose and glucose determination in naturally "lactose free" hard cheese: HPAEC-PAD method validation. Food Chem 2016; 220:18-24. [PMID: 27855887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A chromatographic method by HPAEC-PAD was developed and in-house validated for the quantification of low sugar levels in hard cheese, specifically Grana Padano PDO cheese. Particular attention was paid to the extraction procedure, due to residual microbial and enzymatic activities. Specificity in detection and linearity were verified. Recoveries ranged from 93% for lactose to 98% for glucose and galactose. The obtained LOD and LOQ values were, respectively, 0.25 and 0.41mg/100g for lactose, 0.14 and 0.27mg/100g for galactose, and 0.16 and 0.26mg/100g for glucose. The method was applied to 59 samples of Grana Padano PDO cheese: galactose showed the highest concentration and variability among the samples (1.36±0.89), compared to both lactose (0.45±0.12) and glucose (0.46±0.13). Considering the very low levels of sugars detected, authentic PDO Grana Padano could be safely included in the diet of people suffering from lactose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Monti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy.
| | - Stefano Negri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy.
| | - Aurora Meucci
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy.
| | - Angelo Stroppa
- Consorzio Tutela Grana Padano, Via XXIV Giugno 8, 25015 San Martino Della Battaglia, (BS), Italy.
| | - Andrea Galli
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy.
| | - Giovanna Contarini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie (CREA-FLC), Via A. Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy.
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26
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Sun S, Wang H, Xie J, Su Y. Simultaneous determination of rhamnose, xylitol, arabitol, fructose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, maltose in jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) extract: comparison of HPLC-ELSD, LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:25. [PMID: 27141230 PMCID: PMC4852422 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jujube extract is commonly used as a food additive and flavoring. The sensory properties of the extract, especially sweetness, are a critical factor determining the product quality and therefore affecting consumer acceptability. Small molecular carbohydrates make major contribution to the sweetness of the jujube extract, and their types and contents in the extract have direct influence on quality of the product. So, an appropriate qualitative and quantitative method for determination of the carbohydrates is vitally important for quality control of the product. Results High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), liquid chromatography-electronic spay ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods have been developed and applied to determining small molecular carbohydrates in jujube extract, respectively. Eight sugars and alditols were identified from the extract, including rhamnose, xylitol, arabitol, fructose, glucose, inositol, sucrose, and maltose. Comparisons were carried out to investigate the performance of the methods. Although the methods have been found to perform satisfactorily, only three sugars (fructose, glucose and inositol) could be detected by all these methods. Meanwhile, a similar quantitative result for the three sugars can be obtained by the methods. Conclusions Eight sugars and alditols in the jujube extract were determined by HPLC-ELSD, LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC–MS, respectively. The LC-ELSD method and the LC-ESI-MS/MS method with good precision and accuracy were suitable for quantitative analysis of carbohydrates in jujube extract; although the performance of the GC–MS method for quantitative analysis was inferior to the other methods, it has a wider scope in qualitative analysis. A multi-analysis technique should be adopted in order to obtain complete constituents of about the carbohydrates in jujube extract, and the methods should be employed according to the purpose of analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13065-016-0171-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Sun
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ; Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Key Laboratory in Flavor & Fragrance Basic Research, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yue Su
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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27
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Yan J, Shi S, Wang H, Liu R, Li N, Chen Y, Wang S. Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:1273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Cai K, Hu D, Lei B, Zhao H, Pan W, Song B. Determination of carbohydrates in tobacco by pressurized liquid extraction combined with a novel ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 882:90-100. [PMID: 26043096 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel derivatization-ultrasonic assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) method for the simultaneous determination of 11 main carbohydrates in tobacco has been developed. The combined method involves pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), derivatization, and UA-DLLME, followed by the analysis of the main carbohydrates with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). First, the PLE conditions were optimized using a univariate approach. Then, the derivatization methods were properly compared and optimized. The aldononitrile acetate method combined with the O-methoxyoxime-trimethylsilyl method was used for derivatization. Finally, the critical variables affecting the UA-DLLME extraction efficiency were searched using fractional factorial design (FFD) and further optimized using Doehlert design (DD) of the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found to be 44 μL for CHCl3, 2.3 mL for H2O, 11% w/v for NaCl, 5 min for the extraction time and 5 min for the centrifugation time. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the detection limit of the method (LODs) and linear correlation coefficient were found to be in the range of 0.06-0.90 μg mL(-1) and 0.9987-0.9999. The proposed method was successfully employed to analyze three flue-cured tobacco cultivars, among which the main carbohydrate concentrations were found to be very different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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29
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Griesser M, Lawo NC, Crespo-Martinez S, Schoedl-Hummel K, Wieczorek K, Gorecka M, Liebner F, Zweckmair T, Stralis Pavese N, Kreil D, Forneck A. Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) alters the carbohydrate metabolism in root galls to allowing the compatible interaction with grapevine (Vitis ssp.) roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:38-49. [PMID: 25804808 PMCID: PMC4388344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gall forming phylloxera may compete for nutrients with meristematic tissues and develop heterotrophic structures that act as carbon sinks. In this work, we studied the underlying starch metabolism, sink-source translocation of soluble sugars towards and within root galls. We demonstrated that nodosities store carbohydrates by starch accumulation and monitored the expression of genes involved in the starch metabolic. Thereby we proved that the nodosity is symplastically connected to the source tissues through its development and that the starch metabolism is significantly affected to synthesize and degrade starch within the gall. Genes required for starch biosynthesis and degradation are up-regulated. Among the carbohydrate transporters the expression of a glucose-6-phosphate translocater, one sucrose transporter and two SWEET proteins were increases, whereas hexose transporters, tonoplast monosaccharide transporter and Erd6-like sugar transporters were decreased. We found general evidence for plant response to osmotic stress in the nodosity as previously suggested for gall induction processes. We conclude that nodosities are heterogenous plant organs that accumulate starch to serve as temporary storage structure that is gradually withdrawn by phylloxera. Phylloxera transcriptionally reprograms gall tissues beyond primary metabolism and included downstream secondary processes, including response to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nora Caroline Lawo
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sara Crespo-Martinez
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Miroslawa Gorecka
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Thomas Zweckmair
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nancy Stralis Pavese
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Kreil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Griesser M, Weingart G, Schoedl-Hummel K, Neumann N, Becker M, Varmuza K, Liebner F, Schuhmacher R, Forneck A. Severe drought stress is affecting selected primary metabolites, polyphenols, and volatile metabolites in grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 88:17-26. [PMID: 25602440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather conditions with prolonged dry periods and high temperatures as well as heavy rain events can severely influence grapevine physiology and grape quality. The present study evaluates the effects of severe drought stress on selected primary metabolites, polyphenols and volatile metabolites in grapevine leaves. Among the 11 primary metabolites, 13 polyphenols and 95 volatiles which were analyzed, a significant discrimination between control and stressed plants of 7 primary metabolites, 11 polyphenols and 46 volatile metabolites was observed. As single parameters are usually not specific enough for the discrimination of control and stressed plants, an unsupervised (PCA) and a supervised (PLS-DA) multivariate approach were applied to combine results from different metabolic groups. In a first step a selection of five metabolites, namely citric acid, glyceric acid, ribose, phenylacetaldehyde and 2-methylbutanal were used to establish a calibration model using PLS regression to predict the leaf water potential. The model was strong enough to assign a high number of plants correctly with a correlation of 0.83. The PLS-DA provides an interesting approach to combine data sets and to provide tools for the specific evaluation of physiological plant stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Georg Weingart
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nora Neumann
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Manuel Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Kurt Varmuza
- Departement of Statistics and Probability Theory, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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31
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Li S, Jin Y, Tang Z, Lin S, Liu H, Jiang Y, Cai Z. A novel method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with chemical derivatization for the determination of ribonucleosides in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 864:30-8. [PMID: 25732424 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleosides are the end products of RNA metabolism. These metabolites, especially the modified ribonucleosides, have been extensively evaluated as cancer-related biomarkers. However, the determination of urinary ribonucleosides is still a challenge due to their low abundance, high polarity and serious matrix interferences in urine samples. In this study, a derivatization method based on a chemical reaction between ribonucleosides and acetone to form acetonides was developed for the determination of urinary ribonucleosides. The derivative products, acetonides, were detected by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The methodological evaluation was performed by quantifying four nucleosides for linear range, average recovery, precision, accuracy and stability. The validated procedures were applied to screen modified ribonucleosides in urine samples. Improvement of separation and enhancement of sensitivity were obtained in the analysis. To identify ribonucleosides, inexpensive isotope labeling acetone (acetone-d6) and label-free acetone were applied to form ordinary and deuterated acetonides, respectively. The two groups of samples were separated with orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). The ordinary and deuterated pairs of acetonides were symmetrically distributed in the S-plot for easy and visual signal identification. After structural confirmation, a total of 56 ribonucleosides were detected, 52 of which were modified ribonucleosides. The application of derivatization, deuterium-labeling and multivariate statistical analysis offers a new option for selective detection of ribonucleosides in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yibao Jin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Shuhai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China.
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32
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Lv G, Hu D, Zhao J, Li S. Quality control of sweet medicines based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:94-106. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Dejun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau
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33
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Zhu B, Liu F, Li X, Wang Y, Gu X, Dai J, Wang G, Cheng Y, Yan C. Fast quantification of endogenous carbohydrates in plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:34-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xituo Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Xue Gu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- DMPK Department; HD Biosciences; Shanghai China
| | - Guiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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34
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Zweckmair T, Becker M, Ahn K, Hettegger H, Kosma P, Rosenau T, Potthast A. A novel method to analyze the degree of acetylation in biopolymers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Delidovich IV, Simonov AN, Taran OP, Parmon VN. Catalytic formation of monosaccharides: from the formose reaction towards selective synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:1833-1846. [PMID: 24930572 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201400040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The formose reaction (FR) has been long the focus of intensive investigations as a simple method for synthesis of complex biologically important monosaccharides and other sugar-like molecules from the simplest organic substrate-formaldehyde. The fundamental importance of the FR is predominantly connected with the ascertainment of plausible scenarios of chemical evolution which could have occurred on the prebiotic Earth to produce the very first molecules of carbohydrates, amino- and nucleic acids, as well as other vitally important substances. The practical importance of studies on the FR is the elaboration of catalytic methods for the synthesis of rare and non-natural monosaccharides and polyols. This Minireview considers the FR from the point of view of chemists working in the field of catalysis with emphasis on the mechanisms of numerous parallel and consequent catalytic transformations that take place during the FR. Based on its kinetics, the FR may be considered as a non-radical chain process with degenerate branching. The Minireview also considers different approaches to the control of selectivity of carbohydrate synthesis from formaldehyde and lower monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Delidovich
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Akademika Lavrentieva, 5, 630090, Novosibirsk (Russia); RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg, 1, 52074, Aachen (Germany)
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36
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Fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:44-50. [PMID: 24861788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A fast carbohydrate screening platform processible in 96-well format is described. The method is suitable for the determination of various carbohydrates out of complex mixtures as obtained by acidic hydrolysis of carbohydrates polymers. The chromatographic conditions for an efficient separation (12min) and the derivatization process with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) were optimized for high resolution separation and simultaneous determination of deoxy-, amino-, anhydro-sugars as well as hexoses, pentoses, dimers, uronic acids and degradation products like furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The potential to quantify with UV- and MS-detector in the same range has been demonstrated for 20 different compounds. Finally, the matrix effects of the hydrolysis were positively evaluated. The micro scale hydrolysis and PMP-derivatization without any extraction or drying steps, both in 96-well format, result in a fast and intuitive sample preparation. In combination with a fast liquid chromatography coupled to UV and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS) for the qualification and quantification of various sugars, dimers and degradation products, this method shows great performance in carbohydrate analysis.
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37
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Ethoximation-silylation approach for mono- and disaccharide analysis and characterization of their identification parameters by GC/MS. Talanta 2013; 115:642-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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