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Kamalakannan N, Macharla SR, Kanimozhi M, Sudhakar MS. Exponential Pixelating Integral transform with dual fractal features for enhanced chest X-ray abnormality detection. Comput Biol Med 2024; 182:109093. [PMID: 39232407 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The heightened prevalence of respiratory disorders, particularly exacerbated by a significant upswing in fatalities due to the novel coronavirus, underscores the critical need for early detection and timely intervention. This imperative is paramount, possessing the potential to profoundly impact and safeguard numerous lives. Medically, chest radiography stands out as an essential and economically viable medical imaging approach for diagnosing and assessing the severity of diverse Respiratory Disorders. However, their detection in Chest X-Rays is a cumbersome task even for well-trained radiologists owing to low contrast issues, overlapping of the tissue structures, subjective variability, and the presence of noise. To address these issues, a novel analytical model termed Exponential Pixelating Integral is introduced for the automatic detection of infections in Chest X-Rays in this work. Initially, the presented Exponential Pixelating Integral enhances the pixel intensities to overcome the low-contrast issues that are then polar-transformed followed by their representation using the locally invariant Mandelbrot and Julia fractal geometries for effective distinction of structural features. The collated features labeled Exponential Pixelating Integral with dually characterized fractal features are then classified by the non-parametric multivariate adaptive regression splines to establish an ensemble model between each pair of classes for effective diagnosis of diverse diseases. Rigorous analysis of the proposed classification framework on large medical benchmarked datasets showcases its superiority over its peers by registering a higher classification accuracy and F1 scores ranging from 98.46 to 99.45 % and 96.53-98.10 % respectively, making it a precise and interpretable automated system for diagnosing respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Kanimozhi
- School of Electrical & Electronics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M S Sudhakar
- School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
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2
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Davidian M, Lahav A, Joshua BZ, Wand O, Lurie Y, Mark S. Exploring the Interplay of Dataset Size and Imbalance on CNN Performance in Healthcare: Using X-rays to Identify COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1727. [PMID: 39202215 PMCID: PMC11353409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) systems in healthcare are influenced by unbalanced datasets and varying sizes. This article delves into the impact of dataset size, class imbalance, and their interplay on CNN systems, focusing on the size of the training set versus imbalance-a unique perspective compared to the prevailing literature. Furthermore, it addresses scenarios with more than two classification groups, often overlooked but prevalent in practical settings. METHODS Initially, a CNN was developed to classify lung diseases using X-ray images, distinguishing between healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients. Later, the model was expanded to include pneumonia patients. To evaluate performance, numerous experiments were conducted with varied data sizes and imbalance ratios for both binary and ternary classifications, measuring various indices to validate the model's efficacy. RESULTS The study revealed that increasing dataset size positively impacts CNN performance, but this improvement saturates beyond a certain size. A novel finding is that the data balance ratio influences performance more significantly than dataset size. The behavior of three-class classification mirrored that of binary classification, underscoring the importance of balanced datasets for accurate classification. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the fact that achieving balanced representation in datasets is crucial for optimal CNN performance in healthcare, challenging the conventional focus on dataset size. Balanced datasets improve classification accuracy, both in two-class and three-class scenarios, highlighting the need for data-balancing techniques to improve model reliability and effectiveness. MOTIVATION Our study is motivated by a scenario with 100 patient samples, offering two options: a balanced dataset with 200 samples and an unbalanced dataset with 500 samples (400 healthy individuals). We aim to provide insights into the optimal choice based on the interplay between dataset size and imbalance, enriching the discourse for stakeholders interested in achieving optimal model performance. LIMITATIONS Recognizing a single model's generalizability limitations, we assert that further studies on diverse datasets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Davidian
- Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Adi Lahav
- Software Engineering Department, SCE—Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel;
| | - Ben-Zion Joshua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Ori Wand
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Yotam Lurie
- Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Shlomo Mark
- Software Engineering Department, SCE—Shamoon College of Engineering, Ashdod 77245, Israel;
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Slika B, Dornaika F, Merdji H, Hammoudi K. Lung pneumonia severity scoring in chest X-ray images using transformers. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:2389-2407. [PMID: 38589723 PMCID: PMC11289055 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To create robust and adaptable methods for lung pneumonia diagnosis and the assessment of its severity using chest X-rays (CXR), access to well-curated, extensive datasets is crucial. Many current severity quantification approaches require resource-intensive training for optimal results. Healthcare practitioners require efficient computational tools to swiftly identify COVID-19 cases and predict the severity of the condition. In this research, we introduce a novel image augmentation scheme as well as a neural network model founded on Vision Transformers (ViT) with a small number of trainable parameters for quantifying COVID-19 severity and other lung diseases. Our method, named Vision Transformer Regressor Infection Prediction (ViTReg-IP), leverages a ViT architecture and a regression head. To assess the model's adaptability, we evaluate its performance on diverse chest radiograph datasets from various open sources. We conduct a comparative analysis against several competing deep learning methods. Our results achieved a minimum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.569 and 0.512 and a maximum Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PC) of 0.923 and 0.855 for the geographic extent score and the lung opacity score, respectively, when the CXRs from the RALO dataset were used in training. The experimental results reveal that our model delivers exceptional performance in severity quantification while maintaining robust generalizability, all with relatively modest computational requirements. The source codes used in our work are publicly available at https://github.com/bouthainas/ViTReg-IP .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouthaina Slika
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
- Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Beirut International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Dornaika
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Hamid Merdji
- INSERM, UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karim Hammoudi
- Université de Haute-Alsace IRIMAS, Mulhouse, France
- University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Griffin I, Kundalia R, Steinberg B, Prodigios J, Verma N, Hochhegger B, Mohammed TL. Evaluating Acute Pulmonary Changes of Coronavirus 2019: Comparative Analysis of the Pertinent Modalities. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2024; 45:288-297. [PMID: 38428620 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores imaging's crucial role in acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) assessment. High Resolution Computer Tomography is especially effective in detection of lung abnormalities. Chest radiography has limited utility in the initial stages of COVID-19 infection. Lung Ultrasound has emerged as a valuable, radiation-free tool in critical care, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows promise as a Computed Tomography alternative. Typical and atypical findings of COVID-19 by each of these modalities are discussed with emphasis on their prognostic value. Considerations for pediatric and immunocompromised cases are outlined. A comprehensive diagnostic approach is recommended, as radiological diagnosis remains challenging in the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Griffin
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Ronak Kundalia
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Joice Prodigios
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nupur Verma
- Department of Radiology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA
| | - Bruno Hochhegger
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Tan L Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, New York University, New York, NY
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5
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Siddiqi R, Javaid S. Deep Learning for Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-ray Images: A Comprehensive Survey. J Imaging 2024; 10:176. [PMID: 39194965 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10080176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses the significant problem of identifying the relevant background and contextual literature related to deep learning (DL) as an evolving technology in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the application of DL to the specific problem of pneumonia detection via chest X-ray (CXR) imaging, which is the most common and cost-effective imaging technique available worldwide for pneumonia diagnosis. This paper in particular addresses the key period associated with COVID-19, 2020-2023, to explain, analyze, and systematically evaluate the limitations of approaches and determine their relative levels of effectiveness. The context in which DL is applied as both an aid to and an automated substitute for existing expert radiography professionals, who often have limited availability, is elaborated in detail. The rationale for the undertaken research is provided, along with a justification of the resources adopted and their relevance. This explanatory text and the subsequent analyses are intended to provide sufficient detail of the problem being addressed, existing solutions, and the limitations of these, ranging in detail from the specific to the more general. Indeed, our analysis and evaluation agree with the generally held view that the use of transformers, specifically, vision transformers (ViTs), is the most promising technique for obtaining further effective results in the area of pneumonia detection using CXR images. However, ViTs require extensive further research to address several limitations, specifically the following: biased CXR datasets, data and code availability, the ease with which a model can be explained, systematic methods of accurate model comparison, the notion of class imbalance in CXR datasets, and the possibility of adversarial attacks, the latter of which remains an area of fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Siddiqi
- Computer Science Department, Karachi Campus, Bahria University, Karachi 73500, Pakistan
| | - Sameena Javaid
- Computer Science Department, Karachi Campus, Bahria University, Karachi 73500, Pakistan
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Laro J, Xue B, Zheng J, Ness M, Perlman S, McCall LI. SARS-CoV-2 infection unevenly impacts metabolism in the coronal periphery of the lungs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595414. [PMID: 38952797 PMCID: PMC11216382 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 significantly decreases amino acids, fatty acids, and most eicosanoidsSARS-CoV-2 preferentially localizes to central lung tissueMetabolic disturbance is highest in peripheral tissue, not central like viral loadSpatial metabolomics allows detection of metabolites not altered overallSARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a highly contagious virus that can lead to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 is characterized by its involvement in the lungs, particularly the lower lobes. To improve patient outcomes and treatment options, a better understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 impacts the body, particularly the lower respiratory system, is required. In this study, we sought to understand the spatial impact of COVID-19 on the lungs of mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS2-N501Y MA30 . Overall, infection caused a decrease in fatty acids, amino acids, and most eicosanoids. When analyzed by segment, viral loads were highest in central lung tissue, while metabolic disturbance was highest in peripheral tissue. Infected peripheral lung tissue was characterized by lower levels of fatty acids and amino acids when compared to central lung tissue. This study highlights the spatial impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and helps explain why peripheral lung tissue is most damaged by COVID-19.
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Kłos K, Jaskóła-Polkowska D, Plewka-Barcik K, Rożyńska R, Pietruszka-Wałęka E, Żabicka M, Kania-Pudło M, Maliborski A, Plicht K, Angielski G, Wojtyszek A, Jahnz-Różyk K, Chciałowski A. Pulmonary Function, Computed Tomography Lung Abnormalities, and Small Airway Disease after COVID-19: 3-, 6-, and 9-Month Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2733. [PMID: 38792275 PMCID: PMC11122501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course may differ among individuals-in particular, those with comorbidities may have severe pneumonia, requiring oxygen supplementation or mechanical ventilation. Post-COVID-19 long-term structural changes in imaging studies can contribute to persistent respiratory disturbance. This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 sequels affecting the possibility of persistent structural lung tissue abnormalities and their influence on the respiratory function of peripheral airways and gas transfer. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups according to severity grades described by the World Health Organization. Among the 176 hospitalized patients were 154 patients with mask oxygen supplementation and 22 patients with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) or mechanical ventilation. All tests were performed at 3, 6, and 9 months post-hospitalization. Results: Patients in the severe/critical group had lower lung volumes in FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, LC, TLC%, and DLCO% at three months post-hospitalization. At 6 and 9 months, neither group had significant FVC and FEV1 value improvements. The MEF 25-75 values were not significantly higher in the mild/moderate group than in the severe/critical group at three months. There were weak significant correlations between FVC and FEV1, MEF50, MEF 75, plethysmography TLC, disturbances in DLCO, and total CT abnormalities in the severe/critical group at three months. In a mild/moderate group, there was a significant negative correlation between the spirometry, plethysmography parameters, and CT lesions in all periods. Conclusions: Persistent respiratory symptoms post-COVID-19 can result from fibrotic lung parenchyma and post-infectious stenotic small airway changes not visible in CT, probably due to persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kłos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Dominika Jaskóła-Polkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Plewka-Barcik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Renata Rożyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology, Pneumonology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (K.J.-R.)
| | - Ewa Pietruszka-Wałęka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology, Pneumonology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (K.J.-R.)
| | - Magdalena Żabicka
- Department of Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Marta Kania-Pudło
- Department of Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Artur Maliborski
- Department of Radiology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.K.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Plicht
- 7th Polish Navy Hospital, Polanki Str. 117, 80-305 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (G.A.); (A.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Angielski
- 7th Polish Navy Hospital, Polanki Str. 117, 80-305 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (G.A.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtyszek
- 7th Polish Navy Hospital, Polanki Str. 117, 80-305 Gdansk, Poland; (K.P.); (G.A.); (A.W.)
| | - Karina Jahnz-Różyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology, Pneumonology and Clinical Immunology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (K.J.-R.)
| | - Andrzej Chciałowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserow Str. 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (K.P.-B.); (A.C.)
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Althenayan AS, AlSalamah SA, Aly S, Nouh T, Mahboub B, Salameh L, Alkubeyyer M, Mirza A. COVID-19 Hierarchical Classification Using a Deep Learning Multi-Modal. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2641. [PMID: 38676257 PMCID: PMC11053684 DOI: 10.3390/s24082641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in China, has rapidly spread worldwide. Physicians must examine infected patients and make timely decisions to isolate them. However, completing these processes is difficult due to limited time and availability of expert radiologists, as well as limitations of the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Deep learning, a sophisticated machine learning technique, leverages radiological imaging modalities for disease diagnosis and image classification tasks. Previous research on COVID-19 classification has encountered several limitations, including binary classification methods, single-feature modalities, small public datasets, and reliance on CT diagnostic processes. Additionally, studies have often utilized a flat structure, disregarding the hierarchical structure of pneumonia classification. This study aims to overcome these limitations by identifying pneumonia caused by COVID-19, distinguishing it from other types of pneumonia and healthy lungs using chest X-ray (CXR) images and related tabular medical data, and demonstrate the value of incorporating tabular medical data in achieving more accurate diagnoses. Resnet-based and VGG-based pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models were employed to extract features, which were then combined using early fusion for the classification of eight distinct classes. We leveraged the hierarchal structure of pneumonia classification within our approach to achieve improved classification outcomes. Since an imbalanced dataset is common in this field, a variety of versions of generative adversarial networks (GANs) were used to generate synthetic data. The proposed approach tested in our private datasets of 4523 patients achieved a macro-avg F1-score of 95.9% and an F1-score of 87.5% for COVID-19 identification using a Resnet-based structure. In conclusion, in this study, we were able to create an accurate deep learning multi-modal to diagnose COVID-19 and differentiate it from other kinds of pneumonia and normal lungs, which will enhance the radiological diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albatoul S. Althenayan
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.M.)
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shada A. AlSalamah
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.M.)
- National Health Information Center, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh 13315, Saudi Arabia
- Digital Health and Innovation Department, Science Division, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sherin Aly
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Thamer Nouh
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Laila Salameh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Metab Alkubeyyer
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Mirza
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.M.)
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Lewandowska A, Lewandowski T, Rudzki G, Próchnicki M, Stryjkowska-Góra A, Laskowska B, Wilk P, Skóra B, Rudzki S. Anxiety Levels among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:366. [PMID: 38675748 PMCID: PMC11053514 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The pandemic has proven to be a particular challenge for healthcare workers, not only in the professional but also individual sense. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively influenced their well-being and caused psychological distress. Undoubtedly, direct contact with sick patients, the fight against the pandemic, and observing the epidemiological situation influenced the attitudes of this group towards COVID-19 and vaccinations. The aim of the study was to analyse the level of anxiety among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess attitudes towards vaccinations against COVID-19. Methods: The cross-sectional study followed the recommendations of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). A convenience purposive sampling method was used and the study was led among nurses and doctors employed in healthcare facilities. The study used a survey and the Trait Anxiety Scale SL-C. Results: The study included 385 participants, with an average age of 48.41 ± 6.76 years. The nurses constituted 55% of the study group and the doctors 45%. A total of 70% of healthcare workers had over 10 years of work experience. Over half of the subjects (57%) became infected with COVID-19. A total of 85% of respondents have received vaccination. A total of 71% of respondents believe vaccinations are harmless. Frequently, the participants assessed their level of anxiety as moderate. Conclusions: Almost all surveyed doctors chose to be vaccinated, while the percentage of vaccinated nurses was significantly lower. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the employment position has a significant influence on the decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19. In self-assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic, most healthcare professionals experienced a moderate level of anxiety. Receiving the COVID-19 vaccination reduced the level of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, State Vocational University in Tarnobrzeg, Henryk Sienkiewicz Street 50, 39-400 Tarnobrzeg, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lewandowski
- Faculty of Technical Engineering, State University of Applied Sciences in Jarosław, Czarniecki Street 16, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Rudzki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewski Street 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Próchnicki
- I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Stryjkowska-Góra
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Translational Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Rejtan Street 16c, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Laskowska
- Faculty of Healthcare, State University of Applied Sciences in Jarosław, Czarniecki Street 16, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland; (B.L.); (P.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Paulina Wilk
- Faculty of Healthcare, State University of Applied Sciences in Jarosław, Czarniecki Street 16, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland; (B.L.); (P.W.); (S.R.)
| | - Barbara Skóra
- Collegium Masoviense, University of Health Sciences in Żyrardów, Narutowicz Street 35, 96-300 Żyrardów, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Rudzki
- Faculty of Healthcare, State University of Applied Sciences in Jarosław, Czarniecki Street 16, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland; (B.L.); (P.W.); (S.R.)
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10
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Malik H, Anees T. Multi-modal deep learning methods for classification of chest diseases using different medical imaging and cough sounds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296352. [PMID: 38470893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chest disease refers to a wide range of conditions affecting the lungs, such as COVID-19, lung cancer (LC), consolidation lung (COL), and many more. When diagnosing chest disorders medical professionals may be thrown off by the overlapping symptoms (such as fever, cough, sore throat, etc.). Additionally, researchers and medical professionals make use of chest X-rays (CXR), cough sounds, and computed tomography (CT) scans to diagnose chest disorders. The present study aims to classify the nine different conditions of chest disorders, including COVID-19, LC, COL, atelectasis (ATE), tuberculosis (TB), pneumothorax (PNEUTH), edema (EDE), pneumonia (PNEU). Thus, we suggested four novel convolutional neural network (CNN) models that train distinct image-level representations for nine different chest disease classifications by extracting features from images. Furthermore, the proposed CNN employed several new approaches such as a max-pooling layer, batch normalization layers (BANL), dropout, rank-based average pooling (RBAP), and multiple-way data generation (MWDG). The scalogram method is utilized to transform the sounds of coughing into a visual representation. Before beginning to train the model that has been developed, the SMOTE approach is used to calibrate the CXR and CT scans as well as the cough sound images (CSI) of nine different chest disorders. The CXR, CT scan, and CSI used for training and evaluating the proposed model come from 24 publicly available benchmark chest illness datasets. The classification performance of the proposed model is compared with that of seven baseline models, namely Vgg-19, ResNet-101, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, EfficientNetB0, DenseNet-201, and Inception-V3, in addition to state-of-the-art (SOTA) classifiers. The effectiveness of the proposed model is further demonstrated by the results of the ablation experiments. The proposed model was successful in achieving an accuracy of 99.01%, making it superior to both the baseline models and the SOTA classifiers. As a result, the proposed approach is capable of offering significant support to radiologists and other medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Malik
- Department of Computer Science, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Anees
- Department of Software Engineering, School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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PERK O, KENDİRLİ T, UYAR E, ŞEN AKOVA B, ALBAYRAK H, AĞIN H, ONGUN EA, TURANLI EE, Güntülü ŞIK S, SİNCAR Ş, BOZAN G, DEMİRKOL D, ÜLGEN TEKEREK N, TALİP M, OTO A, İNCEKÖY GİRGİN F, SARI F, KUTLU NO, GÜNEŞ A, FİTÖZ ÖS. Comparison of radiologic findings between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory tract viruses in critically ill children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Turk J Med Sci 2024; 54:517-528. [PMID: 39049999 PMCID: PMC11265848 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study was planned because the radiological distinction of COVID-19 and respiratory viral panel (RVP)-positive cases is necessary to prioritize intensive care needs and ensure non-COVID-19 cases are not overlooked. With that purpose, the objective of this study was to compare radiologic findings between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory airway viruses in critically ill children with suspected COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods This study was conducted as a multicenter, retrospective, observational, and cohort study in 24 pediatric intensive care units between March 1 and May 31, 2020. SARS-CoV-2- or RVP polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients' chest X-ray and thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings were evaluated blindly by pediatric radiologists. Results We enrolled 225 patients in the study, 81 of whom tested positive for Coronovirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The median age of all patients was 24 (7-96) months, while it was 96 (17-156) months for COVID-19-positive patients and 17 (6-48) months for positive for other RVP factor (p < 0.001). Chest X-rays were more frequently evaluated as normal in patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive results (p = 0.020). Unilateral segmental or lobar consolidation was observed more frequently on chest X-rays in rhinovirus cases than in other groups (p = 0.038). CT imaging findings of bilateral peribronchial thickening and/or peribronchial opacity were more frequently observed in RVP-positive patients (p = 0.046). Conclusion Chest X-ray and CT findings in COVID-19 patients are not specific and can be seen in other respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay PERK
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Tanıl KENDİRLİ
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Emel UYAR
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Birsel ŞEN AKOVA
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Hatice ALBAYRAK
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun,
Turkiye
| | - Hasan AĞIN
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behçet Uz Health Training and Research Hospital, İzmir,
Turkiye
| | - Ebru Atike ONGUN
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya,
Turkiye
| | - Eşe Eda TURANLI
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir,
Turkiye
| | - Sare Güntülü ŞIK
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Şahin SİNCAR
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ,
Turkiye
| | - Gürkan BOZAN
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir,
Turkiye
| | - Demet DEMİRKOL
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, İstanbul University School of Medicine, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Nazan ÜLGEN TEKEREK
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya,
Turkiye
| | - Mey TALİP
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Prof. Dr Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Arzu OTO
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, The University of Health Sciences Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa,
Turkiye
| | - Feyza İNCEKÖY GİRGİN
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Ferhat SARI
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Ata Sökmen School of Medicine, Hatay,
Turkiye
| | - Nurettin Onur KUTLU
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, İstanbul Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Altan GÜNEŞ
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Ömer Suat FİTÖZ
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara,
Turkiye
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12
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Kore A, Abbasi Bavil E, Subasri V, Abdalla M, Fine B, Dolatabadi E, Abdalla M. Empirical data drift detection experiments on real-world medical imaging data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1887. [PMID: 38424096 PMCID: PMC10904813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While it is common to monitor deployed clinical artificial intelligence (AI) models for performance degradation, it is less common for the input data to be monitored for data drift - systemic changes to input distributions. However, when real-time evaluation may not be practical (eg., labeling costs) or when gold-labels are automatically generated, we argue that tracking data drift becomes a vital addition for AI deployments. In this work, we perform empirical experiments on real-world medical imaging to evaluate three data drift detection methods' ability to detect data drift caused (a) naturally (emergence of COVID-19 in X-rays) and (b) synthetically. We find that monitoring performance alone is not a good proxy for detecting data drift and that drift-detection heavily depends on sample size and patient features. Our work discusses the need and utility of data drift detection in various scenarios and highlights gaps in knowledge for the practical application of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kore
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Vallijah Subasri
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Moustafa Abdalla
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Benjamin Fine
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elham Dolatabadi
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
- School of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdalla
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Canada.
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13
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Chatterjee S, Saad F, Sarasaen C, Ghosh S, Krug V, Khatun R, Mishra R, Desai N, Radeva P, Rose G, Stober S, Speck O, Nürnberger A. Exploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification Using Chest X-ray Images. J Imaging 2024; 10:45. [PMID: 38392093 PMCID: PMC10889835 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has shocked the entire world with its fairly rapid spread, and has challenged different sectors. One of the most effective ways to limit its spread is the early and accurate diagnosing of infected patients. Medical imaging, such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT), combined with the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), plays an essential role in supporting medical personnel in the diagnosis process. Thus, in this article, five different deep learning models (ResNet18, ResNet34, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and DenseNet161) and their ensemble, using majority voting, have been used to classify COVID-19, pneumoniæ and healthy subjects using chest X-ray images. Multilabel classification was performed to predict multiple pathologies for each patient, if present. Firstly, the interpretability of each of the networks was thoroughly studied using local interpretability methods-occlusion, saliency, input X gradient, guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, and DeepLIFT-and using a global technique-neuron activation profiles. The mean micro F1 score of the models for COVID-19 classifications ranged from 0.66 to 0.875, and was 0.89 for the ensemble of the network models. The qualitative results showed that the ResNets were the most interpretable models. This research demonstrates the importance of using interpretability methods to compare different models before making a decision regarding the best performing model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumick Chatterjee
- Data and Knowledge Engineering Group, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Genomics Research Centre, Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fatima Saad
- Institute for Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Chompunuch Sarasaen
- Institute for Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Suhita Ghosh
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Krug
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rupali Khatun
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Petia Radeva
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Computer Vision Centre, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Georg Rose
- Institute for Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Centre for Behavioural Brain Sciences, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stober
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Artificial Intelligence Lab, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Centre for Behavioural Brain Sciences, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Nürnberger
- Data and Knowledge Engineering Group, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Computer Science, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Centre for Behavioural Brain Sciences, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Shin BJ, Kim HC, Kim DH, Cho HH. Intraoperative Handheld Digital X-ray for Assessment of Intracochlear Positioning of Electrode Arrays in Recipients of Cochlear Implants. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024:1455613231223954. [PMID: 38321704 DOI: 10.1177/01455613231223954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the practicality of handheld digital X-ray in determining the position of the electrode array following Cochlear implantation (CI). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 11 patients (12 ears) who underwent intraoperative imaging via handheld X-ray (MINE ALNU®, OTOM, Gwangju, South Korea) post-CI between December 2021 and January 2023. Immediate confirmation of the correct electrode array placement in the cochlea was achieved, with subsequent comparisons made to C-arm image and postoperative transorbital view X-ray. Results: Rapid intraoperative imaging was achieved in all instances. The electrode types used included 9 Nucleus slim modiolar electrodes, 1 Nucleus contour electrode, and 2 Medel flex26 electrodes. A malpositioned electrode array was detected in one patient. The handheld digital X-ray also adeptly visualized the electrodes implanted in pediatric patients. Conclusions: The use of intraoperative handheld digital X-ray using MINE ALNU® proves to be a safe, efficient, straightforward, and reliable method for immediate identification of an inserted electrode array. It has potential to replace the traditional C-arm X-ray for verifying electrode positioning in the operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jin Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong Chan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyong-Ho Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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15
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Chen S, Ren S, Wang G, Huang M, Xue C. Interpretable CNN-Multilevel Attention Transformer for Rapid Recognition of Pneumonia From Chest X-Ray Images. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:753-764. [PMID: 37027681 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3247949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Chest imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing and predicting patients with COVID-19 with evidence of worsening respiratory status. Many deep learning-based approaches for pneumonia recognition have been developed to enable computer-aided diagnosis. However, the long training and inference time makes them inflexible, and the lack of interpretability reduces their credibility in clinical medical practice. This paper aims to develop a pneumonia recognition framework with interpretability, which can understand the complex relationship between lung features and related diseases in chest X-ray (CXR) images to provide high-speed analytics support for medical practice. To reduce the computational complexity to accelerate the recognition process, a novel multi-level self-attention mechanism within Transformer has been proposed to accelerate convergence and emphasize the task-related feature regions. Moreover, a practical CXR image data augmentation has been adopted to address the scarcity of medical image data problems to boost the model's performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the classic COVID-19 recognition task using the widespread pneumonia CXR image dataset. In addition, abundant ablation experiments validate the effectiveness and necessity of all of the components of the proposed method.
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16
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Stomeo N, Ghio FE, Pallavicini P, Bonizzato S, Serini C, Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS, Carenzo L. Role of emergency teleradiology in a mass motorcycle event: the experience of the 2021 International Six Days of Enduro (ISDE). Emerg Radiol 2023; 30:725-731. [PMID: 37946090 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-023-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Provision of healthcare support at mass gathering sporting events is of paramount importance for the success of the event. Many of such events, like motorsports, have been increasingly taking place in remote and austere environments. In these settings, the use of first-line diagnostic tools, such as point of care ultrasound and portable X-ray, could aid in definitive care on the field for patients with minor trauma while also ensuring fast access to the appropriate level of care for patients requiring hospitalization. METHODS As part of the ISDE 2021 medical response plan, a field hospital equipped with portable digital X-ray and telemedicine was established. Data on patient admission, triage, treatments, diagnostics, and outcomes were collected for analysis. RESULTS During the 6-day competition, 79 patients sought medical care at the field hospital, with traumatic injuries accounting for 77% of cases. Of these, 47 were athletes and 32 were non-athletes. The majority (91%) arrived spontaneously, while 9% were transported directly. Upon admission, 68 patients were triaged as non-urgent (code 3) and 11 as urgent (code 2). Of those admitted, 69 received treatment and were discharged at the field hospital, while 10 were transferred elsewhere. Notably, four patients had major trauma, two had isolated fractures, and one needed a CT scan after losing consciousness. Overall, 29 missions were conducted on the race field, including 13 primary transports to local hospitals and 6 to the field hospital. Primary transport was primarily due to major trauma. Among 31 patients who had radiological exams, 11 (35.5%) had traumatic injuries. Of these, 5 were treated with braces and casts and discharged without hospitalization, 3 were advised for post-event care, and 3 were hospitalized. In contrast, patients with negative X-rays received on-site treatment, with 7 able to continue competing. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the successful implementation of portable X-ray machines and teleradiology at remote and austere high-risk sporting events holds great promise for enhancing on-site medical capabilities, allowing clinicians informed decisions, avoiding unnecessary hospitalization, and allowing athletes to continue with their competition. Provided that challenges related to cost, safety, connectivity, and power supply are effectively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Stomeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Pallavicini
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bonizzato
- Critical Care Team, I-HELP, Grezzago, Italy
- Sport Medicine and Sport Cardiology Unit, MEDITEL, Saronno, Italy
| | - Carlo Serini
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Carenzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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17
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Yue G, Yang C, Zhao Z, An Z, Yang Y. ERGPNet: lesion segmentation network for COVID-19 chest X-ray images based on embedded residual convolution and global perception. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1296185. [PMID: 38028767 PMCID: PMC10679680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1296185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Segmentation of infected areas from COVID-19 chest X-ray (CXR) images is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. However, accurately and effectively segmenting infected areas of CXR images is still challenging due to the inherent ambiguity of CXR images and the cross-scale variations in infected regions. To address these issues, this article proposes a ERGPNet based on embedded residuals and global perception, to segment lesion regions in COVID-19 CXR images. First, aiming at the inherent fuzziness of CXR images, an embedded residual convolution structure is proposed to enhance the ability of internal feature extraction. Second, a global information perception module is constructed to guide the network in generating long-distance information flow, alleviating the interferences of cross-scale variations on the algorithm's discrimination ability. Finally, the network's sensitivity to target regions is improved, and the interference of noise information is suppressed through the utilization of parallel spatial and serial channel attention modules. The interactions between each module fully establish the mapping relationship between feature representation and information decision-making and improve the accuracy of lesion segmentation. Extensive experiments on three datasets of COVID-19 CXR images, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art segmentation methods of CXR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongtao Yue
- School of Computer Science, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Computer Science, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziheng An
- School of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- School of Computer Science, Xijing University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Zhunissova U, Dzierżak R, Omiotek Z, Lytvynenko V. A Novel COVID-19 Diagnosis Approach Utilizing a Comprehensive Set of Diagnostic Information (CSDI). J Clin Med 2023; 12:6912. [PMID: 37959377 PMCID: PMC10649663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a computerized method for distinguishing COVID-19-affected cases from cases of pneumonia. This task continues to be a real challenge in the practice of diagnosing COVID-19 disease. In the study, a new approach was proposed, using a comprehensive set of diagnostic information (CSDI) including, among other things, medical history, demographic data, signs and symptoms of the disease, and laboratory results. These data have the advantage of being much more reliable compared with data based on a single source of information, such as radiological imaging. On this basis, a comprehensive process of building predictive models was carried out, including such steps as data preprocessing, feature selection, training, and evaluation of classification models. During the study, 9 different methods for feature selection were used, while the grid search method and 12 popular classification algorithms were employed to build classification models. The most effective model achieved a classification accuracy (ACC) of 85%, a sensitivity (TPR) equal to 83%, and a specificity (TNR) of 88%. The model was built using the random forest method with 15 features selected using the recursive feature elimination selection method. The results provide an opportunity to build a computer system to assist the physician in the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulzhalgas Zhunissova
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Information Technologies, Astana Medical University, Beibitshilik Street 49A, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Róża Dzierżak
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Omiotek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Lytvynenko
- Department of Informatics and Computer Science, Kherson National Technical University, Beryslavs’ke Hwy, 24, 730082 Kherson, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
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19
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Shubayr N. Investigation of the Radiographic Imaging Volume and Occupational Dose of Radiologic Technologists before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; 125:362-368. [PMID: 37548570 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess occupational radiation doses for radiologic technologists (RTs) in Saudi Arabia shortly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering changes in imaging volume during that time. This retrospective study included the imaging volume data and the RTs' occupational dose records from a central hospital for 2019 and 2020. The occupational dose-in terms of annual and quarterly mean effective doses (AMEDs and QMEDs)-was estimated for 115 RTs using thermoluminescent dosimeter records. There was a 22% increase in the AMED in 2020 compared with 2019, though the overall imaging volume decreased by 9% in 2020. The percentage changes in AMEDs between 2019 and 2020 for general radiography (GR), computed tomography (CT), interventional radiology (IR), nuclear medicine (NM), and mammography (MG) were 45%, 56%, 9%, 18% and -2%, respectively. The highest contribution to AMEDs in 2020 for modalities was due to GR and CT procedures, accounting for 0.50 mSv and 0.58 mSv, respectively. The percentage change in imaging volumes between 2019 and 2020 depicted a slight decrease in Q2 (-1%) and a substantial decrease in Q1 (-10%), Q3 (-12%), and Q4 (-11%) for 2020. The overall percentage changes in imaging volumes in 2020 for GR (conventional and mobile), CT, IR, NM, and MG were -7% (-19% and 48%), -11%, 13%, -26%, and -46%, respectively. Investigating the changes in 2020 by comparing Q1 of 2020 (before the pandemic restrictions) with Q2 (during the pandemic restrictions and changes in workflow) revealed that the QMED during Q2 increased by 5% with a 17.4% decrease in the imaging volume. However, CT procedures were increased by 11.1% during the pandemic restrictions in Q2 of 2020, with an increase in the corresponding QMED of 66%. Moreover, mobile GR procedures increased by 21% in Q2 of 2020 compared to Q1. This study indicated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on imaging volume and occupational dose. Overall, the study observed a decrease in the imaging volume and an increase in RTs' effective doses by 2020. However, there was an increase in mobile GR and CT examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in 2020. This study suggested that the increased mobile GR and CT examinations contributed to greater effective doses for RTs in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Shubayr
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Miyazaki A, Ikejima K, Nishio M, Yabuta M, Matsuo H, Onoue K, Matsunaga T, Nishioka E, Kono A, Yamada D, Oba K, Ishikura R, Murakami T. Computer-aided diagnosis of chest X-ray for COVID-19 diagnosis in external validation study by radiologists with and without deep learning system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17533. [PMID: 37845348 PMCID: PMC10579343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of our deep learning (DL) model of COVID-19 and investigate whether the diagnostic performance of radiologists was improved by referring to our model. Our datasets contained chest X-rays (CXRs) for the following three categories: normal (NORMAL), non-COVID-19 pneumonia (PNEUMONIA), and COVID-19 pneumonia (COVID). We used two public datasets and private dataset collected from eight hospitals for the development and external validation of our DL model (26,393 CXRs). Eight radiologists performed two reading sessions: one session was performed with reference to CXRs only, and the other was performed with reference to both CXRs and the results of the DL model. The evaluation metrics for the reading session were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). The accuracy of our DL model was 0.733, and that of the eight radiologists without DL was 0.696 ± 0.031. There was a significant difference in AUC between the radiologists with and without DL for COVID versus NORMAL or PNEUMONIA (p = 0.0038). Our DL model alone showed better diagnostic performance than that of most radiologists. In addition, our model significantly improved the diagnostic performance of radiologists for COVID versus NORMAL or PNEUMONIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Ikejima
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nishio
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Minoru Yabuta
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Onoue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamada-Hirao, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8256, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eiko Nishioka
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kono
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Ken Oba
- Department of Radiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Reiichi Ishikura
- Department of Radiology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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21
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Sayed AA, Al Nozha OM. Developing a COVID-19 Mortality Prediction (CoMPred) Indicator for ICU Diabetic Patients Treated with Tocilizumab in Saudi Arabia: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2649. [PMID: 37893025 PMCID: PMC10603829 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have been made to underline its discourse and identify factors contributing to its severe forms. Clinically, many physicians depended on subjective criteria to determine its severe forms, which varied significantly between practices. However, they did not rely on objective laboratory findings. This study aimed to present a novel and objective laboratory-based indicator to predict mortality among COVID-19 patients. The study included 249 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU, of which 80 did not survive. The COVID-19 Mortality Prediction (CoMPred) indicator was developed by including the age and the following lab investigations: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-Dimer, PT, aPTT, ESR, CRP, and urea levels. A CoMPred score of 7.5 or higher carries a sensitivity of 81.10% in predicting mortality, i.e., a patient with a CoMPred score of 7.5 or higher has an 81.10% chance of dying. The CoMPred indicator score directly correlates with mortality, i.e., the higher the score, the higher the possibility of the patient dying. In conclusion, the CoMPred indicator is an objective tool that is affordable and widely available, will assist physicians, and limit the burden on clinical decisions on an unpredicted course of COVID-19 in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A. Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Al Nozha
- Department of Medicine, Taibah University, Madina 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Saudi German Hospital, Madina 42373, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Konda SR, Esper GW, Meltzer-Bruhn AT, Ganta A, Egol KA. The Cost We Bear: Financial Implications for Hip Fracture Care Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:990-994. [PMID: 37279163 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the cost of hip fracture care in the geriatric/middle-aged cohort, hypothesizing the cost of care increased during the pandemic, especially in COVID+ patients. METHODS Between October 2014 and January 2022, 2,526 hip fracture patients older than 55 years were analyzed for demographics, injury details, COVID status on admission, hospital quality measures, and inpatient healthcare costs from the inpatient admission. Comparative analyses were conducted between: (1) All comers and high-risk patients in the prepandemic (October 2014 to January 2020) and pandemic (February 2020 to January 2022) cohorts and (2) COVID+ and COVID- patients during the pandemic. Subanalysis assessed the difference in cost breakdown for patients in the overall cohorts, the high-risk quartiles, and between the prevaccine and postvaccine pandemic cohorts. RESULTS Although the total costs of admission for all patients, and specifically high-risk patients, were not notably higher during the pandemic, further breakdown showed higher costs for the emergency department, laboratory/pathology, radiology, and allied health services during the pandemic, which was offset by lower procedural costs. High-risk COVID+ patients had higher total costs than high-risk COVID- patients ( P < 0.001), most notably in room-and-board ( P = 0.032) and allied health ( P = 0.023) costs. Once the pandemic started, subgroup analysis demonstrated no change in the total cost in the prevaccine and postvaccine cohort. CONCLUSION The overall inpatient cost of hip fracture care did not increase during the pandemic. Although individual subdivisions of cost signified increased resource utilization during the pandemic, this was offset by lower procedural costs. COVID+ patients, however, had notably higher total costs compared with COVID- patients driven primarily by increased room-and-board costs. The overall cost of care for high-risk patients did not decrease after the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit R Konda
- From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY (Konda, Esper, Meltzer Bruhn, Ganta, and Egol) and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Richmond Hill, NY (Konda, Egol, and Ganta)
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23
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Kim MH, Shin HJ, Kim J, Jo S, Kim EK, Park YS, Kyong T. Novel Risks of Unfavorable Corticosteroid Response in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Identified Using Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Analysis of Chest Radiographs. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5852. [PMID: 37762792 PMCID: PMC10532025 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of corticosteroid responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is crucial in clinical practice, and exploring the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis of chest radiographs (CXR) is warranted. This retrospective case-control study involving mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroids was conducted from 4 September 2021, to 30 August 2022. The primary endpoint of the study was corticosteroid responsiveness, defined as the advancement of two or more of the eight-categories-ordinal scale. Serial abnormality scores for consolidation and pleural effusion on CXR were obtained using a commercial AI-based software based on days from the onset of symptoms. Amongst the 258 participants included in the analysis, 147 (57%) were male. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that high pleural effusion score at 6-9 days from onset of symptoms (adjusted odds ratio of (aOR): 1.022, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-1.042, p = 0.020) and consolidation scores up to 9 days from onset of symptoms (0-2 days: aOR: 1.025, 95% CI: 1.006-1.045, p = 0.010; 3-5 days: aOR: 1.03 95% CI: 1.011-1.051, p = 0.002; 6-9 days: aOR; 1.052, 95% CI: 1.015-1.089, p = 0.005) were associated with an unfavorable corticosteroid response. AI-generated scores could help intervene in the use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients who would not benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (M.H.K.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Joo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (H.J.S.); (E.-K.K.)
- Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Kim
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.)
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Jo
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (H.J.S.); (E.-K.K.)
- Center for Digital Health, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (M.H.K.); (Y.S.P.)
| | - Taeyoung Kyong
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si 16995, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (S.J.)
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Soto J, Linsley C, Song Y, Chen B, Fang J, Neyyan J, Davila R, Lee B, Wu B, Li S. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2455. [PMID: 37686965 PMCID: PMC10490511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chase Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Josephine Neyyan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Sagreiya H, Jacobs MA, Akhbardeh A. Automated Lung Ultrasound Pulmonary Disease Quantification Using an Unsupervised Machine Learning Technique for COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2692. [PMID: 37627951 PMCID: PMC10453777 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an ongoing global health pandemic. Although COVID-19 can be diagnosed with various tests such as PCR, these tests do not establish pulmonary disease burden. Whereas point-of-care lung ultrasound (POCUS) can directly assess the severity of characteristic pulmonary findings of COVID-19, the advantage of using US is that it is inexpensive, portable, and widely available for use in many clinical settings. For automated assessment of pulmonary findings, we have developed an unsupervised learning technique termed the calculated lung ultrasound (CLU) index. The CLU can quantify various types of lung findings, such as A or B lines, consolidations, and pleural effusions, and it uses these findings to calculate a CLU index score, which is a quantitative measure of pulmonary disease burden. This is accomplished using an unsupervised, patient-specific approach that does not require training on a large dataset. The CLU was tested on 52 lung ultrasound examinations from several institutions. CLU demonstrated excellent concordance with radiologist findings in different pulmonary disease states. Given the global nature of COVID-19, the CLU would be useful for sonographers and physicians in resource-strapped areas with limited ultrasound training and diagnostic capacities for more accurate assessment of pulmonary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hersh Sagreiya
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A. Jacobs
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alireza Akhbardeh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Ambient Digital LLC, Daly City, CA 94014, USA
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26
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Emilov B, Sorokin A, Seiitov M, Kobayashi BT, Chubakov T, Vesnin S, Popov I, Krylova A, Goryanin I. Diagnostic of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Using Passive Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR). Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 37568948 PMCID: PMC10417460 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest CT is widely regarded as a dependable imaging technique for detecting pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, but there is growing interest in microwave radiometry (MWR) of the lungs as a possible substitute for diagnosing lung involvement. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the utility of the MWR approach as a screening tool for diagnosing pneumonia with complications in patients with COVID-19. METHODS Our study involved two groups of participants. The control group consisted of 50 individuals (24 male and 26 female) between the ages of 20 and 70 years who underwent clinical evaluations and had no known medical conditions. The main group included 142 participants (67 men and 75 women) between the ages of 20 and 87 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 complicated by pneumonia and were admitted to the emergency department between June 2020 to June 2021. Skin and lung temperatures were measured at 14 points, including 2 additional reference points, using a previously established method. Lung temperature data were obtained with the MWR2020 (MMWR LTD, Edinburgh, UK). All participants underwent clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, MWR of the lungs, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS The MWR exhibits a high predictive capacity as demonstrated by its sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 92.7%. CONCLUSIONS MWR of the lungs can be a valuable substitute for chest CT in diagnosing pneumonia in patients with COVID-19, especially in situations where chest CT is unavailable or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Emilov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aleksander Sorokin
- Department of Physics, Medical Informatics and Biology, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University Named after Boris Yeltsin, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Meder Seiitov
- Educational-Scientific Medical Center, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy Named after Isa Akhunbaev, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | - Tulegen Chubakov
- Kyrgyz State Medical Institute of Post-Graduate Training and Continuous Education Named after S.B. Daniyarov, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Sergey Vesnin
- Medical Microwave Radiometry Ltd., Edinburgh EH10 5LZ, UK;
| | - Illarion Popov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Krylova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Technology, Volgograd State University, 400062 Volgograd, Russia; (I.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Igor Goryanin
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AZ, UK
- Biological Systems Unit, Okinawa Institute Science and Technology, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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27
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Chen Y, Wan Y, Pan F. Enhancing Multi-disease Diagnosis of Chest X-rays with Advanced Deep-learning Networks in Real-world Data. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:1332-1347. [PMID: 36988837 PMCID: PMC10054207 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current artificial intelligence (AI) models are still insufficient in multi-disease diagnosis for real-world data, which always present a long-tail distribution. To tackle this issue, a long-tail public dataset, "ChestX-ray14," which involved fourteen (14) disease labels, was randomly divided into the train, validation, and test sets with ratios of 0.7, 0.1, and 0.2. Two pretrained state-of-the-art networks, EfficientNet-b5 and CoAtNet-0-rw, were chosen as the backbones. After the fully-connected layer, a final layer of 14 sigmoid activation units was added to output each disease's diagnosis. To achieve better adaptive learning, a novel loss (Lours) was designed, which coalesced reweighting and tail sample focus. For comparison, a pretrained ResNet50 network with weighted binary cross-entropy loss (LWBCE) was used as a baseline, which showed the best performance in a previous study. The overall and individual areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for each disease label were evaluated and compared among different models. Group-score-weighted class activation mapping (Group-CAM) is applied for visual interpretations. As a result, the pretrained CoAtNet-0-rw + Lours showed the best overall AUROC of 0.842, significantly higher than ResNet50 + LWBCE (AUROC: 0.811, p = 0.037). Group-CAM presented that the model could pay the proper attention to lesions for most disease labels (e.g., atelectasis, edema, effusion) but wrong attention for the other labels, such as pneumothorax; meanwhile, mislabeling of the dataset was found. Overall, this study presented an advanced AI diagnostic model achieving a significant improvement in the multi-disease diagnosis of chest X-rays, particularly in real-world data with challenging long-tail distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiliang Wan
- Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Luu B, McCoy-Hass V, Kadiu T, Ngo V, Kadiu S, Lien J. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated Infections. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2023; 8:495-530. [PMID: 37197227 PMCID: PMC10015106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are some of the most common sources of respiratory illness in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Influenza and coronaviruses are viral pathogens that could lead to severe respiratory illness and death. More recently, respiratory illness from coronaviruses, accounts for more than 1 million deaths in the United States alone. This article will explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Luu
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Virginia McCoy-Hass
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Teuta Kadiu
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Victoria Ngo
- UC Davis Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, 2450 48th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sara Kadiu
- Partners Pharmacy, 181 Cedar Hill Road Suite 1610, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lien
- Walgreens, 227 Shoreline Highway, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA
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29
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Ukwuoma CC, Cai D, Heyat MBB, Bamisile O, Adun H, Al-Huda Z, Al-Antari MA. Deep learning framework for rapid and accurate respiratory COVID-19 prediction using chest X-ray images. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2023; 35:101596. [PMID: 37275558 PMCID: PMC10211254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2023.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a contagious disease that affects the human respiratory system. Infected individuals may develop serious illnesses, and complications may result in death. Using medical images to detect COVID-19 from essentially identical thoracic anomalies is challenging because it is time-consuming, laborious, and prone to human error. This study proposes an end-to-end deep-learning framework based on deep feature concatenation and a Multi-head Self-attention network. Feature concatenation involves fine-tuning the pre-trained backbone models of DenseNet, VGG-16, and InceptionV3, which are trained on a large-scale ImageNet, whereas a Multi-head Self-attention network is adopted for performance gain. End-to-end training and evaluation procedures are conducted using the COVID-19_Radiography_Dataset for binary and multi-classification scenarios. The proposed model achieved overall accuracies (96.33% and 98.67%) and F1_scores (92.68% and 98.67%) for multi and binary classification scenarios, respectively. In addition, this study highlights the difference in accuracy (98.0% vs. 96.33%) and F_1 score (97.34% vs. 95.10%) when compared with feature concatenation against the highest individual model performance. Furthermore, a virtual representation of the saliency maps of the employed attention mechanism focusing on the abnormal regions is presented using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technology. The proposed framework provided better COVID-19 prediction results outperforming other recent deep learning models using the same dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiagoziem C Ukwuoma
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- IoT Research Center, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Olusola Bamisile
- Sichuan Industrial Internet Intelligent Monitoring and Application Engineering Technology Research Center, Chengdu University of Technology, China
| | - Humphrey Adun
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Zaid Al-Huda
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mugahed A Al-Antari
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Software & Convergence Technology, Daeyang AI Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Ponnalagu V, Kwan ELK, Sadasiv MS, Teo HL, Low HM. Pembrolizumab-related pneumonitis in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Singapore Med J 2023; 64:454-458. [PMID: 35739097 PMCID: PMC10395808 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Lin Teo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hsien Min Low
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Sofia S, Orlandi P, Bua V, Imbriani M, Cecilioni L, Caruso A, Schiavone C, Boccatonda A, Cianci A, Spampinato MD. Lung Ultrasound and High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Suspected COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department: A Comparison. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2023; 39:332-346. [PMID: 38603205 PMCID: PMC9892814 DOI: 10.1177/87564793221147496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasonography (LUS) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), to detect COVID-19. Materials and Methods This study recruited all patients admitted to the emergency medicine unit, due to a suspected COVID-19 infection, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. These patients also who underwent a standardized LUS examination and a chest HRCT. The signs detected by both LUS and HRCT were reported, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for LUS and HRCT. Results This cohort included 159 patients, 101 (63%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients showed more often confluent subpleural consolidations and parenchymal consolidations in lower lung regions of LUS. They also had "ground glass" opacities and "crazy paving" on HRCT, while pleural effusion and pulmonary consolidations were more common in non-COVID-19 patients. LUS had a sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-0.99) and a specificity of 0.24 (95% CI 0.07-0.5) for COVID-19 lung infections. HRCT abnormalities resulted in a 0.98 sensitivity (95% CI 0.92-0.99) and 0.1 specificity (95% CI 0.04-0.23) for COVID-19 lung infections. Conclusion In this cohort, LUS proved to be a noninvasive, diagnostic tool with high sensitivity for lung abnormalities that were likewise detected by HRCT. Furthermore, LUS, despite its lower specificity, has a high sensitivity for COVID-19, which could prove to be as effective as HRCT in excluding a COVID-19 lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soccorsa Sofia
- Department of Emergency, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Orlandi
- Radiology Department, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bua
- Department of Emergency, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cecilioni
- Department of Emergency, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Cosima Schiavone
- Internistic Ultrasound Unit, “S. S. Annunziata” Hospital, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Internal Medicine, Internal and Vascular Ultrasound Centre of Bentivoglio Hospital, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Cianci
- School of Emergency Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Li H, Drukker K, Hu Q, Whitney HM, Fuhrman JD, Giger ML. Predicting intensive care need for COVID-19 patients using deep learning on chest radiography. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:044504. [PMID: 37608852 PMCID: PMC10440543 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.4.044504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Image-based prediction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and resource needs can be an important means to address the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we propose an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) COVID-19 prognosis method to predict patients' needs for intensive care by analyzing chest X-ray radiography (CXR) images using deep learning. Approach The dataset consisted of 8357 CXR exams from 5046 COVID-19-positive patients as confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a training/validation/test split of 64%/16%/20% on a by patient level. Our model involved a DenseNet121 network with a sequential transfer learning technique employed to train on a sequence of gradually more specific and complex tasks: (1) fine-tuning a model pretrained on ImageNet using a previously established CXR dataset with a broad spectrum of pathologies; (2) refining on another established dataset to detect pneumonia; and (3) fine-tuning using our in-house training/validation datasets to predict patients' needs for intensive care within 24, 48, 72, and 96 h following the CXR exams. The classification performances were evaluated on our independent test set (CXR exams of 1048 patients) using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as the figure of merit in the task of distinguishing between those COVID-19-positive patients who required intensive care following the imaging exam and those who did not. Results Our proposed AI/ML model achieved an AUC (95% confidence interval) of 0.78 (0.74, 0.81) when predicting the need for intensive care 24 h in advance, and at least 0.76 (0.73, 0.80) for 48 h or more in advance using predictions based on the AI prognostic marker derived from CXR images. Conclusions This AI/ML prediction model for patients' needs for intensive care has the potential to support both clinical decision-making and resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Karen Drukker
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiyuan Hu
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Heather M. Whitney
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jordan D. Fuhrman
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Maryellen L. Giger
- The University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Experimental analysis of machine learning methods to detect Covid-19 from x-rays. JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2023; 11:100063. [PMCID: PMC10065050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
To automate the detection of covid-19 patients most have proposed deep learning neural networks to classify patients using large databases of chest x-rays. Very few used classical machine learning methods. Machine learning methods may require less computational power and perform well if the data set is small. We experiment with classical machine learning methods on three different data sources varying in size from 55 to almost 4000 samples. We experiment with four feature extraction methods of Gabor, SURF, LBP, and HOG. Backpropagation neural networks and k-nearest neighbor classifiers are combined using one of the four combining methods of bagging, RSM, ARCx4 boosting and Ada-boosting. Results show that using the proper feature extraction and feature selection methods very high performance can be reached using simple backpropagation neural network classifiers. Regardless of combiner method used, the best classification rate achieved was 99.06% for the largest data set, and 100% for the smallest data set.
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Cong Y, Lee JH, Perry DL, Cooper K, Wang H, Dixit S, Liu DX, Feuerstein IM, Solomon J, Bartos C, Seidel J, Hammoud DA, Adams R, Anthony SM, Liang J, Schuko N, Li R, Liu Y, Wang Z, Tarbet EB, Hischak AMW, Hart R, Isic N, Burdette T, Drawbaugh D, Huzella LM, Byrum R, Ragland D, St Claire MC, Wada J, Kurtz JR, Hensley LE, Schmaljohn CS, Holbrook MR, Johnson RF. Longitudinal analyses using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography as a measure of COVID-19 severity in the aged, young, and humanized ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 hamster models. Antiviral Res 2023; 214:105605. [PMID: 37068595 PMCID: PMC10105383 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study compared disease progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in three different models of golden hamsters: aged (≈60 weeks old) wild-type (WT), young (6 weeks old) WT, and adult (14-22 weeks old) hamsters expressing the human-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. After intranasal (IN) exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 Washington isolate (WA01/2020), 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was used to monitor disease progression in near real time and animals were euthanized at pre-determined time points to directly compare imaging findings with other disease parameters associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consistent with histopathology, 18F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrated that aged WT hamsters exposed to 105 plaque forming units (PFU) developed more severe and protracted pneumonia than young WT hamsters exposed to the same (or lower) dose or hACE2 hamsters exposed to a uniformly lethal dose of virus. Specifically, aged WT hamsters presented with a severe interstitial pneumonia through 8 d post-exposure (PE), while pulmonary regeneration was observed in young WT hamsters at that time. hACE2 hamsters exposed to 100 or 10 PFU virus presented with a minimal to mild hemorrhagic pneumonia but succumbed to SARS-CoV-2-related meningoencephalitis by 6 d PE, suggesting that this model might allow assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the central nervous system (CNS). Our group is the first to use (18F-FDG) PET/CT to differentiate respiratory disease severity ranging from mild to severe in three COVID-19 hamster models. The non-invasive, serial measure of disease progression provided by PET/CT makes it a valuable tool for animal model characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna L Perry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kurt Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David X Liu
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Irwin M Feuerstein
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Bartos
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jurgen Seidel
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricky Adams
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Janie Liang
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicolette Schuko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Amanda M W Hischak
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Randy Hart
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nejra Isic
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tracey Burdette
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - David Drawbaugh
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Louis M Huzella
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Russell Byrum
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Danny Ragland
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Marisa C St Claire
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan R Kurtz
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA; SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Yuan J, Wu F, Li Y, Li J, Huang G, Huang Q. DPDH-CapNet: A Novel Lightweight Capsule Network with Non-routing for COVID-19 Diagnosis Using X-ray Images. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:988-1000. [PMID: 36813978 PMCID: PMC9946284 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives since its outbreak in December 2019, and the damage continues, so it is urgent to develop new technologies to aid its diagnosis. However, the state-of-the-art deep learning methods often rely on large-scale labeled data, limiting their clinical application in COVID-19 identification. Recently, capsule networks have achieved highly competitive performance for COVID-19 detection, but they require expensive routing computation or traditional matrix multiplication to deal with the capsule dimensional entanglement. A more lightweight capsule network is developed to effectively address these problems, namely DPDH-CapNet, which aims to enhance the technology of automated diagnosis for COVID-19 chest X-ray images. It adopts depthwise convolution (D), point convolution (P), and dilated convolution (D) to construct a new feature extractor, thus successfully capturing the local and global dependencies of COVID-19 pathological features. Simultaneously, it constructs the classification layer by homogeneous (H) vector capsules with an adaptive, non-iterative, and non-routing mechanism. We conduct experiments on two publicly available combined datasets, including normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 images. With a limited number of samples, the parameters of the proposed model are reduced by 9x compared to the state-of-the-art capsule network. Moreover, our model has faster convergence speed and better generalization, and its accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure are improved to 97.99%, 98.05%, 98.02%, and 98.03%, respectively. In addition, experimental results demonstrate that, contrary to the transfer learning method, the proposed model does not require pre-training and a large number of training samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yuan
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 40075, China.
| | - Fujun Wu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 40075, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 40075, China
| | - Jinyi Li
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 40075, China
| | - Guojun Huang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, 40075, China
| | - Quanyong Huang
- College of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Heping Avenue No. 947, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430091, China.
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Harashchenko T, Umanets T, Podolskiy V, Kaminska T, Marushko Y, Podolskiy V, Lapshyn V, Antypkin Y. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Children with SARS-CoV-2 in Ukraine. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2023; 27:33-41. [PMID: 37545134 PMCID: PMC10405021 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In December 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan reported the first cases of pneumonia from a new type of beta coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. In the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak, paediatric patients were thought to be immune to the new virus; however, further studies have shown people of all ages to be susceptible to the virus. OBJECTIVE Identify and describe the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 among hospitalized children in Ukraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of 171 children aged 2 months to 18 years who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Most patients in the study had a moderate progression of the disease (77.78%, or n=133), whereas a severe course was noted in 22.22% (n=38). Across age groups, children aged 6-12 was the predominant age group affected (35.67%, or n=61). The most common symptoms were fever in 88.2% of patients, sore throat in 69.2% and cough in 60.9%. Symptoms associated with dyspnoea and cyanosis were significantly more common in children with the severe course (p<0.05). Almost half of children had at least one comorbidity, the most prevalent being chronic tonsillitis (11.8% of patients) and anemia (6.5% of patients). A positive correlation (r=0.7 p<0.05) was found between CRP levels and COVID-19 severity. X-ray changes in the lungs were present in 76.61% of examined children and ground-glass opacity symptom was registered in 50.88%. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 among hospitalized children in Ukraine usually has a moderate course of illness and a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Harashchenko
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Umanets
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Podolskiy
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Kaminska
- Department of Pediatrics, CNE “Kyiv City Children's Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Marushko
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasily Podolskiy
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Lapshyn
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Antypkin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy in Children, SI “Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O.M. Lukyanova, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Maino C, Franco PN, Talei Franzesi C, Giandola T, Ragusi M, Corso R, Ippolito D. Role of Imaging in the Management of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Lung Involvement Admitted to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111856. [PMID: 37296708 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the waves of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency departments were overflowing with patients suffering with suspected medical or surgical issues. In these settings, healthcare staff should be able to deal with different medical and surgical scenarios while protecting themselves against the risk of contamination. Various strategies were used to overcome the most critical issues and guarantee quick and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic charts. The use of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) in the diagnosis of COVID-19 was one of the most adopted worldwide. However, NAAT results were slow to report and could sometimes create significant delays in patient management, especially during pandemic peaks. On these bases, radiology has played and continues to play an essential role in detecting COVID-19 patients and solving differential diagnosis between different medical conditions. This systematic review aims to summarize the role of radiology in the management of COVID-19 patients admitted to emergency departments by using chest X-rays (CXR), computed tomography (CT), lung ultrasounds (LUS), and artificial intelligence (AI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Maino
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Niccolò Franco
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cammillo Talei Franzesi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Teresa Giandola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ragusi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rocco Corso
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ippolito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 33, 20090 Monza, Italy
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Sun Y, Salerno S, He X, Pan Z, Yang E, Sujimongkol C, Song J, Wang X, Han P, Kang J, Sjoding MW, Jolly S, Christiani DC, Li Y. Use of machine learning to assess the prognostic utility of radiomic features for in-hospital COVID-19 mortality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7318. [PMID: 37147440 PMCID: PMC10161188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As portable chest X-rays are an efficient means of triaging emergent cases, their use has raised the question as to whether imaging carries additional prognostic utility for survival among patients with COVID-19. This study assessed the importance of known risk factors on in-hospital mortality and investigated the predictive utility of radiomic texture features using various machine learning approaches. We detected incremental improvements in survival prognostication utilizing texture features derived from emergent chest X-rays, particularly among older patients or those with a higher comorbidity burden. Important features included age, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and certain comorbid conditions, as well as image features related to the intensity and variability of pixel distribution. Thus, widely available chest X-rays, in conjunction with clinical information, may be predictive of survival outcomes of patients with COVID-19, especially older, sicker patients, and can aid in disease management by providing additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Salerno
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinwei He
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ziyang Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eileen Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chinakorn Sujimongkol
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiyeon Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peisong Han
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael W Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Pfeuffer N, Baum L, Stammer W, Abdel-Karim BM, Schramowski P, Bucher AM, Hügel C, Rohde G, Kersting K, Hinz O. Explanatory Interactive Machine Learning. BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2023. [PMCID: PMC10119840 DOI: 10.1007/s12599-023-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The most promising standard machine learning methods can deliver highly accurate classification results, often outperforming standard white-box methods. However, it is hardly possible for humans to fully understand the rationale behind the black-box results, and thus, these powerful methods hamper the creation of new knowledge on the part of humans and the broader acceptance of this technology. Explainable Artificial Intelligence attempts to overcome this problem by making the results more interpretable, while Interactive Machine Learning integrates humans into the process of insight discovery. The paper builds on recent successes in combining these two cutting-edge technologies and proposes how Explanatory Interactive Machine Learning (XIL) is embedded in a generalizable Action Design Research (ADR) process – called XIL-ADR. This approach can be used to analyze data, inspect models, and iteratively improve them. The paper shows the application of this process using the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, e.g., Covid-19, as an illustrative example. By these means, the paper also illustrates how XIL-ADR can help identify shortcomings of standard machine learning projects, gain new insights on the part of the human user, and thereby can help to unlock the full potential of AI-based systems for organizations and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pfeuffer
- Information Systems and Information Management, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorenz Baum
- Information Systems and Information Management, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stammer
- Machine Learning Group, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Abdel-Karim
- Information Systems and Information Management, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Schramowski
- Machine Learning Group, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Bucher
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Center of Radiology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Hügel
- Pneumology and Allergology, Center of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Pneumology and Allergology, Center of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristian Kersting
- Machine Learning Group, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Hinz
- Information Systems and Information Management, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ullah Z, Usman M, Gwak J. MTSS-AAE: Multi-task semi-supervised adversarial autoencoding for COVID-19 detection based on chest X-ray images. EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2023; 216:119475. [PMID: 36619348 PMCID: PMC9810379 DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient diagnosis of COVID-19 plays an important role in preventing the spread of the disease. There are three major modalities to diagnose COVID-19 which include polymerase chain reaction tests, computed tomography scans, and chest X-rays (CXRs). Among these, diagnosis using CXRs is the most economical approach; however, it requires extensive human expertise to diagnose COVID-19 in CXRs, which may deprive it of cost-effectiveness. The computer-aided diagnosis with deep learning has the potential to perform accurate detection of COVID-19 in CXRs without human intervention while preserving its cost-effectiveness. Many efforts have been made to develop a highly accurate and robust solution. However, due to the limited amount of labeled data, existing solutions are evaluated on a small set of test dataset. In this work, we proposed a solution to this problem by using a multi-task semi-supervised learning (MTSSL) framework that utilized auxiliary tasks for which adequate data is publicly available. Specifically, we utilized Pneumonia, Lung Opacity, and Pleural Effusion as additional tasks using the ChesXpert dataset. We illustrated that the primary task of COVID-19 detection, for which only limited labeled data is available, can be improved by using this additional data. We further employed an adversarial autoencoder (AAE), which has a strong capability to learn powerful and discriminative features, within our MTSSL framework to maximize the benefit of multi-task learning. In addition, the supervised classification networks in combination with the unsupervised AAE empower semi-supervised learning, which includes a discriminative part in the unsupervised AAE training pipeline. The generalization of our framework is improved due to this semi-supervised learning and thus it leads to enhancement in COVID-19 detection performance. The proposed model is rigorously evaluated on the largest publicly available COVID-19 dataset and experimental results show that the proposed model attained state-of-the-art performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ullah
- Department of Software, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Gwak
- Department of Software, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
- Department of AI Robotics Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
- Department of IT Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, South Korea
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Khan SA, Manohar M, Khan M, Hasan N, Zaheer S, Asad F, Adil SO. Utility of the serial portable chest x-ray for the diagnosis and quantification of COVID-19 patients. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:321-330. [PMID: 36415745 PMCID: PMC9671525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the role of the serial portable chest X-ray in the diagnosis and quantification of patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences. Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 from November 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively studied. Patients' demographics and clinical characteristics, chest X-ray findings, and outcomes were retrieved through electronic medical records. Baseline and final follow-up chest X-rays findings were compared by using chest X-ray severity score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between patients' characteristics and patient outcomes. Results The study included 329 patients with a mean age of 56.43 ± 13.10 years (range 16-85 years). Peripheral consolidation and ground glass opacities (89.4%) were the most common X-ray findings followed by bilateral lung involvement (79.0%) and perihilar consolidation/ground glass opacities (69.9%). Among the patients who were admitted, 61.4% were discharged, 49.5% had prolonged length of stay ≥10 days, and 37.7% died. After adjustment of all patients' characteristics, the multivariate model showed no significant difference in chest X-ray severity score in relation to the patient's outcome. Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit, and received oxygen support, bilevel positive airway pressure, and a ventilator were significantly associated with the outcome of being discharged, prolonged hospital stay, and death. Conclusion Peripheral consolidation and ground glass opacities were the most common chest X-ray findings in admitted COVID-19 patients. No significant difference in chest X-ray severity score was noted in the primary outcome of being discharged, prolonged hospital stay, and death. There is no requirement for daily chest X-rays in hospitalized patients until required in the condition of worsening symptoms or significant intervention such as endotracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmed Khan
- Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Murli Manohar
- Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Hasan
- Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan,Corresponding address: Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Gulzar-e-Hijri, Ojha Campus, Suparco Road, KDA Scheme-33, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Zaheer
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Asad
- Department of Pulmonology, Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Syed Omair Adil
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
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Solanki R, Shankar A, Modi U, Patel S. New insights from nanotechnology in SARS-CoV-2 detection, treatment strategy, and prevention. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2023; 29:101478. [PMID: 36950312 PMCID: PMC9981536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2023.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 resulted into the deadly COVID-19 pandemic, which has made a profound impact on mankind and the world health care system. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted within the population via symptomatic carriers, enters the host cell via ACE2 and TMPSSR2 receptors and damages the organs. The standard diagnostic tests and treatment methods implemented lack required efficiency to beat SARS-CoV-2 in the race of its spreading. The most prominently used diagnostic test,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (a nucleic acid-based method), has limitations including a prolonged time taken to reveal results, limited sensitivity, a high rate of false negative results, and lacking specificity due to a homology with other viruses. Furthermore, as part of the treatment, antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, daclatasvir, atazanavir, and many more have been tested clinically to check their potency for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 but none of these antiviral drugs are the definitive cure or suitable prophylaxis. Thus, it is always required to combat SARS-CoV-2 spread and infection for a better and precise prognosis. This review answers the above mentioned challenges by employing nanomedicine for the development of improved detection, treatment, and prevention strategies for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, nanotechnology-based detection methods such as colorimetric assays, photothermal biosensors, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles sensors, electrochemical nanoimmunosensors, aptamer-based biosensors have been discussed. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based treatment strategies involving polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, and nanocarrier-based antiviral siRNA delivery have been depicted. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategies, which include the nanotechnology for upgrading personal protective equipment, facemasks, ocular protection gears, and nanopolymer-based disinfectants, have been also reviewed. This review will provide a one-site informative platform for researchers to explore the crucial role of nanomedicine in managing the COVID-19 curse more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - A Shankar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - U Modi
- Biomaterials & Biomimetics Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - S Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
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O'Reilly PA, Lewis S, Reed W. Assessing the implementation of COVID-19 structured reporting templates for chest radiography: a scoping review. BJR Open 2023; 5:20220058. [PMID: 37389002 PMCID: PMC10301714 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20220058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the common modalities used in imaging COVID-19 positive patients is chest radiography (CXR), and serves as a valuable imaging method to diagnose and monitor a patients' condition. Structured reporting templates are regularly used for the assessment of COVID-19 CXRs and are supported by international radiological societies. This review has investigated the use of structured templates for reporting COVID-19 CXRs. Methods A scoping review was conducted on literature published between 2020 and 2022 using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and manual searches. An essential criterion for the inclusion of the articles was the use of reporting methods employing either a structured quantitative or qualitative reporting method. Thematic analyses of both reporting designs were then undertaken to evaluate utility and implementation. Results Fifty articles were found with the quantitative reporting method used in 47 articles whilst 3 articles were found employing a qualitative design. Two quantitative reporting tools (Brixia and RALE) were used in 33 studies, with other studies using variations of these methods. Brixia and RALE both use a posteroanterior or supine CXR divided into sections, Brixia with six and RALE with four sections. Each section is scaled numerically depending on the level of infection. The qualitative templates relied on selecting the best descriptor of the presence of COVID-19 radiological appearances. Grey literature from 10 international professional radiology societies were also included in this review. The majority of the radiology societies recommend a qualitative template for reporting COVID-19 CXRs. Conclusion Most studies employed quantitative reporting methods which contrasted with the structured qualitative reporting template advocated by most radiological societies. The reasons for this are not entirely clear. There is also a lack of research literature on both the implementation of the templates or comparing both template types, indicating that the use of structured radiology reporting types may be an underdeveloped clinical strategy and research methodology. Advances in knowledge This scoping review is unique in that it has undertaken an examination of the utility of the quantitative and qualitative structured reporting templates for COVID-19 CXRs. Moreover, through this review, the material examined has allowed a comparison of both instruments, clearly showing the favoured style of structured reporting by clinicians. At the time of the database interrogation, there were no studies found had undertaken such examinations of both reporting instruments. Moreover, due to the enduring influence of COVID-19 on global health, this scoping review is timely in examining the most innovative structured reporting tools that could be used in the reporting of COVID-19 CXRs. This report could assist clinicians in decision-making regarding templated COVID-19 reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A O'Reilly
- Academic, Discipline of Medical Imaging Science, The University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Associate Dean Research Performance, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren Reed
- Program Director, Bachelor of Applied Science (Diagnostic Radiography), The University of Sydney School of Health Sciences, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
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Shen B, Hou W, Jiang Z, Li H, Singer AJ, Hoshmand-Kochi M, Abbasi A, Glass S, Thode HC, Levsky J, Lipton M, Duong TQ. Longitudinal Chest X-ray Scores and their Relations with Clinical Variables and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061107. [PMID: 36980414 PMCID: PMC10047384 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the temporal characteristics of lung chest X-ray (CXR) scores in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and how they relate to other clinical variables and outcomes (alive or dead). Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients. CXR scores of disease severity were analyzed for: (i) survivors (N = 224) versus non-survivors (N = 28) in the general floor group, and (ii) survivors (N = 92) versus non-survivors (N = 56) in the invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare survivors and non-survivors and between time points. Comparison across multiple time points used repeated measures ANOVA and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: For general-floor patients, non-survivor CXR scores were significantly worse at admission compared to those of survivors (p < 0.05), and non-survivor CXR scores deteriorated at outcome (p < 0.05) whereas survivor CXR scores did not (p > 0.05). For IMV patients, survivor and non-survivor CXR scores were similar at intubation (p > 0.05), and both improved at outcome (p < 0.05), with survivor scores showing greater improvement (p < 0.05). Hospitalization and IMV duration were not different between groups (p > 0.05). CXR scores were significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, respiratory rate, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, SpO2, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal CXR scores have the potential to provide prognosis, guide treatment, and monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyi Shen
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Family Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Adam J. Singer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mahsa Hoshmand-Kochi
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Almas Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Samantha Glass
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Henry C. Thode
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jeffrey Levsky
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tim Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +718-920-6268
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Automated prediction of COVID-19 severity upon admission by chest X-ray images and clinical metadata aiming at accuracy and explainability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4226. [PMID: 36918593 PMCID: PMC10012307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years COVID-19 posed a huge threat to healthcare systems around the world. One of the first waves of the pandemic hit Northern Italy severely resulting in high casualties and in the near breakdown of primary care. Due to these facts, the Covid CXR Hackathon-Artificial Intelligence for Covid-19 prognosis: aiming at accuracy and explainability challenge had been launched at the beginning of February 2022, releasing a new imaging dataset with additional clinical metadata for each accompanying chest X-ray (CXR). In this article we summarize our techniques at correctly diagnosing chest X-ray images collected upon admission for severity of COVID-19 outcome. In addition to X-ray imagery, clinical metadata was provided and the challenge also aimed at creating an explainable model. We created a best-performing, as well as, an explainable model that makes an effort to map clinical metadata to image features whilst predicting the prognosis. We also did many ablation studies in order to identify crucial parts of the models and the predictive power of each feature in the datasets. We conclude that CXRs at admission do not help the predicting power of the metadata significantly by itself and contain mostly information that is also mutually present in the blood samples and other clinical factors collected at admission.
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Arias-Garzón D, Tabares-Soto R, Bernal-Salcedo J, Ruz GA. Biases associated with database structure for COVID-19 detection in X-ray images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3477. [PMID: 36859430 PMCID: PMC9975856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several artificial intelligence algorithms have been developed for COVID-19-related topics. One that has been common is the COVID-19 diagnosis using chest X-rays, where the eagerness to obtain early results has triggered the construction of a series of datasets where bias management has not been thorough from the point of view of patient information, capture conditions, class imbalance, and careless mixtures of multiple datasets. This paper analyses 19 datasets of COVID-19 chest X-ray images, identifying potential biases. Moreover, computational experiments were conducted using one of the most popular datasets in this domain, which obtains a 96.19% of classification accuracy on the complete dataset. Nevertheless, when evaluated with the ethical tool Aequitas, it fails on all the metrics. Ethical tools enhanced with some distribution and image quality considerations are the keys to developing or choosing a dataset with fewer bias issues. We aim to provide broad research on dataset problems, tools, and suggestions for future dataset developments and COVID-19 applications using chest X-ray images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arias-Garzón
- Departamento de Electrónica y Automatización, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, 170001, Colombia
| | - Reinel Tabares-Soto
- Departamento de Electrónica y Automatización, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, 170001, Colombia
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 7941169, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, 170001, Colombia
| | - Joshua Bernal-Salcedo
- Departamento de Electrónica y Automatización, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, 170001, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo A Ruz
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, 7941169, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
- Data Observatory Foundation, 7941169, Santiago, Chile.
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Deb SD, Jha RK, Kumar R, Tripathi PS, Talera Y, Kumar M. CoVSeverity-Net: an efficient deep learning model for COVID-19 severity estimation from Chest X-Ray images. RESEARCH ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [PMCID: PMC9901380 DOI: 10.1007/s42600-022-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 is not going anywhere and is slowly becoming a part of our life. The World Health Organization declared it a pandemic in 2020, and it has affected all of us in many ways. Several deep learning techniques have been developed to detect COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray images. COVID-19 infection severity scoring can aid in establishing the optimum course of treatment and care for a positive patient, as all COVID-19 positive patients do not require special medical attention. Still, very few works are reported to estimate the severity of the disease from the Chest X-Ray images. The unavailability of the large-scale dataset might be a reason. Methods We aim to propose CoVSeverity-Net, a deep learning-based architecture for predicting the severity of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray images. CoVSeverity-Net is trained on a public COVID-19 dataset, curated by experienced radiologists for severity estimation. For that, a large publicly available dataset is collected and divided into three levels of severity, namely Mild, Moderate, and Severe. Results An accuracy of 85.71% is reported. Conducting 5-fold cross-validation, we have obtained an accuracy of 87.82 ± 6.25%. Similarly, conducting 10-fold cross-validation we obtained accuracy of 91.26 ± 3.42. The results were better when compared with other state-of-the-art architectures. Conclusion We strongly believe that this study has a high chance of reducing the workload of overworked front-line radiologists, speeding up patient diagnosis and treatment, and easing pandemic control. Future work would be to train a novel deep learning-based architecture on a larger dataset for severity estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Deep Deb
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801103 India
| | - Rajib Kumar Jha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 801103 India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, Netaji Subhas Medical College & Hospital, Patna, 801106 India
| | - Prem S. Tripathi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Yash Talera
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Patna Medical College and Hospital, Bihar, 800001 India
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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Chest X-ray for the Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040584. [PMID: 36832072 PMCID: PMC9955250 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Because it is an accessible and routine image test, medical personnel commonly use a chest X-ray for COVID-19 infections. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now widely applied to improve the precision of routine image tests. Hence, we investigated the clinical merit of the chest X-ray to detect COVID-19 when assisted by AI. We used PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedRxiv, ArXiv, and Embase to search for relevant research published between 1 January 2020 and 30 May 2022. We collected essays that dissected AI-based measures used for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and excluded research lacking measurements using relevant parameters (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve). Two independent researchers summarized the information, and discords were eliminated by consensus. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled sensitivities and specificities. The sensitivity of the included research studies was enhanced by eliminating research with possible heterogeneity. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was generated to investigate the diagnostic value for detecting COVID-19 patients. Nine studies were recruited in this analysis, including 39,603 subjects. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated as 0.9472 (p = 0.0338, 95% CI 0.9009-0.9959) and 0.9610 (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.9428-0.9795), respectively. The area under the SROC was 0.98 (95% CI 0.94-1.00). The heterogeneity of diagnostic odds ratio was presented in the recruited studies (I2 = 36.212, p = 0.129). The AI-assisted chest X-ray scan for COVID-19 detection offered excellent diagnostic potential and broader application.
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Aslani S, Jacob J. Utilisation of deep learning for COVID-19 diagnosis. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:150-157. [PMID: 36639173 PMCID: PMC9831845 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Over this period, the economic and healthcare consequences of COVID-19 infection in survivors of acute COVID-19 infection have become apparent. During the course of the pandemic, computer analysis of medical images and data have been widely used by the medical research community. In particular, deep-learning methods, which are artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches, have been frequently employed. This paper provides a review of deep-learning-based AI techniques for COVID-19 diagnosis using chest radiography and computed tomography. Thirty papers published from February 2020 to March 2022 that used two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) deep convolutional neural networks combined with transfer learning for COVID-19 detection were reviewed. The review describes how deep-learning methods detect COVID-19, and several limitations of the proposed methods are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aslani
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - J Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Labuschagne HC, Venturas J, Moodley H. Risk stratification of hospital admissions for COVID-19 pneumonia by chest radiographic scoring in a Johannesburg tertiary hospital. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:75-83. [PMID: 36757072 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i2.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest radiographic scoring systems for COVID-19 pneumonia have been developed. However, little is published on the utilityof these scoring systems in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES To perform risk stratification of COVID-19 pneumonia in Johannesburg, South Africa (SA), by comparing the Brixia score withclinical parameters, disease course and clinical outcomes. To assess inter-rater reliability and developing predictive models of the clinicaloutcome using the Brixia score and clinical parameters. METHODS Retrospective investigation was conducted of adult participants with established COVID-19 pneumonia admitted at a tertiaryinstitution from 1 May to 30 June 2020. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical data, assigned Brixia scores. Brixia scores were compared withclinical parameters, length of stay and clinical outcomes (discharge/death). Inter-rater agreement was determined. Multivariable logisticregression extracted variables predictive of in-hospital demise. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 263 patients, 51% male, with a median age of 47 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 20; 95% confidenceinterval (CI) 46.5 - 49.9). Hypertension (38.4%), diabetes (25.1%), obesity (19.4%) and HIV (15.6%) were the most common comorbidities.The median length of stay for 258 patients was 7.5 days (IQR = 7; 95% CI 8.2 - 9.7) and 6.5 days (IQR = 8; 95% CI 6.5 - 12.5) for intensivecare unit stay. Fifty (19%) patients died, with a median age of 55 years (IQR = 23; 95% CI 50.5 - 58.7) compared with survivors, of medianage 46 years (IQR = 20; 95% CI 45 - 48.6) (p=0.01). The presence of one or more comorbidities resulted in a higher death rate (23% v. 9.2%;p=0.01) than without comorbidities. The median Brixia score for the deceased was higher (14.5) than for the discharged patients (9.0)(p<0.001). Inter-rater agreement for Brixia scores was good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.77; 95% CI 0.6 - 0.85; p<0.001). A modelcombining Brixia score, age, male gender and obesity (sensitivity 84%; specificity 63%) as well as a model with Brixia score and C-reactiveprotein (CRP) count (sensitivity 81%; specificity 63%) conferred the highest risk for in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the utility of the Brixia scoring system in a middle-income country setting and developed the first SArisk stratification models incorporating comorbidities and a serological marker. When used in conjunction with age, male gender, obesityand CRP, the Brixia scoring system is a promising and reliable risk stratification tool. This may help inform the clinical decision pathway inresource-limited settings like ours during future waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Labuschagne
- Department of Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - J Venturas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - H Moodley
- Department of Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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