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Richter EA, Bilan PJ, Klip A. A comprehensive view of muscle glucose uptake: regulation by insulin, contractile activity, and exercise. Physiol Rev 2025; 105:1867-1945. [PMID: 40173020 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the main site of glucose deposition in the body during meals and the major glucose utilizer during physical activity. Although in both instances the supply of glucose from the circulation to the muscle is of paramount importance, in most conditions the rate-limiting step in glucose uptake, storage, and utilization is the transport of glucose across the muscle cell membrane. This step is dependent upon the translocation of the insulin- and contraction-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the sarcolemma and T tubules. Here, we first analyze how glucose can traverse the capillary wall into the muscle interstitial space. We then review the molecular processes that regulate GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin and muscle contractions and the methodologies utilized to unravel them. We further discuss how physical activity and inactivity, respectively, lead to increased and decreased insulin action in muscle and touch upon sex differences in glucose metabolism. Although many key processes regulating glucose uptake in muscle are known, the advent of newer and bioinformatics tools has revealed further molecular signaling processes reaching a staggering level of complexity. Much of this molecular mapping has emerged from cellular and animal studies and more recently from application of a variety of -omics in human tissues. In the future, it will be imperative to validate the translatability of results drawn from experimental systems to human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Agoncillo ML, Gao Z, De Kraker HC, McHardy SF, Messing RO, Small L, Schmitz-Peiffer C. Effects of a protein kinase C epsilon inhibitor on insulin signalling in lipid-treated HepG2 hepatocytes and glucose tolerance in fat-fed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2025; 997:177465. [PMID: 40054721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2025] [Revised: 02/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
AIMS Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) plays a causative role in the development of glucose intolerance, and is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Here, we examined the effects of the PKCε inhibitor CIDD-0150612 (CP612) on insulin action in palmitate-treated HepG2 hepatocytes in vitro and on glucose homeostasis in fat-fed mice in vivo. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate and CP612 and stimulated with insulin. Insulin signalling was examined by immunoblotting and glucose incorporation into glycogen was measured using glucose tracer. Mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with CP612 prior to glucose tolerance tests and tissue harvest. Proteomic analysis of liver was carried out by mass spectrometry. RESULTS CP612 promoted Akt phosphorylation in a highly insulin-dependent manner and reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose incorporation into glycogen by palmitate. Fat-fed mice treated with CP612 had reduced fat mass, but not lean mass, compared with vehicle-treated littermates. Mice treated acutely with CP612 exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose. However, mice studied 24h after the last dose had lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance with a lower insulin excursion. Proteomic analysis of liver from CP612-treated fat-fed mice indicated a reduction in gluconeogenic gene expression and decreased phosphorylation of the transcription factor Foxk1. CONCLUSIONS The PKCε inhibitor CP612 had beneficial effects on insulin action in hepatocytes and on fat mass and glucose homeostasis in mice. Because certain effects were not previously observed in genetically PKCε-deficient mice, off-target effects may be partly responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L Agoncillo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Zhongmin Gao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Harmannus C De Kraker
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - Stanton F McHardy
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| | - Robert O Messing
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, E 24th Street, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Lewin Small
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Carsten Schmitz-Peiffer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, NSW 2010, Australia.
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3
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Li J, Madsen AB, Knudsen JR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Persson KW, Li Z, Raun SH, Li T, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Nogara L, Blaauw B, Ogasawara R, Jensen TE. mTOR Ser1261 is an AMPK-dependent phosphosite in mouse and human skeletal muscle not required for mTORC2 activity. FASEB J 2025; 39:e70277. [PMID: 39835637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202402064r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
The kinases AMPK, and mTOR as part of either mTORC1 or mTORC2, are major orchestrators of cellular growth and metabolism. Phosphorylation of mTOR Ser1261 is reportedly stimulated by both insulin and AMPK activation and a regulator of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity. Intrigued by the possibilities that Ser1261 might be a convergence point between insulin and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle, we investigated the regulation and function of this site using a combination of human exercise, transgenic mouse, and cell culture models. Ser1261 phosphorylation on mTOR did not respond to insulin in any of our tested models, but instead responded acutely to contractile activity in human and mouse muscle in an AMPK activity-dependent manner. Contraction-stimulated mTOR Ser1261 phosphorylation in mice was decreased by Raptor muscle knockout (mKO) and increased by Raptor muscle overexpression, yet was not affected by Rictor mKO, suggesting most of Ser1261 phosphorylation occurs within mTORC1 in skeletal muscle. In accordance, HEK293 cells mTOR Ser1261Ala mutation strongly impaired phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates but not mTORC2 substrates. However, neither mTORC1 nor mTORC2-dependent phosphorylations were affected in muscle-specific kinase-dead AMPK mice with no detectable mTOR Ser1261 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Thus, mTOR Ser1261 is an exercise but not insulin-responsive AMPK-dependent phosphosite in human and murine skeletal muscle, playing an unclear role in mTORC1 regulation but clearly not required for mTORC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Agnete B Madsen
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kaspar W Persson
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Steffen H Raun
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tianjiao Li
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Human and Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Ningsih S, Kusumastuti SA, Nuralih N, Fajriawan AA, Permatasari D, Yunianto P, Ramadhan D, Wulandari MT, Firdausi N, Nurhadi N, Giarni R, Agustini K, Wibowo AE, Rosidah I, Rengganis TN, Ngatinem N, Subiantoro AH, Supriyono A. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees extract ameliorates insulin resistance in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via GLUT2/IRS-1 pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:779-789. [PMID: 37878369 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2273221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is one condition related to inflammation leading to insulin signalling impairment. This study was conducted to investigate the insulin sensitivity improvement of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.)) Nees extract in insulin resistance-induced HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells by stimulating insulin sensitivities and inhibiting inflammatory response. Sambiloto extract at 2 µg/mL revealed glucose uptake stimulation and up-regulating GLUT-2 and IRS-1 gene expression, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 gene expression in IR-HepG2 cells. Phytochemical analysis showed that the total phenolic level and andrografolide content of Sambiloto extract were 2.91 ± 0.04% and 1.95%, respectively. This result indicated that Sambiloto extract ameliorated insulin resistance in high glucose-induced IR-HepG2 cells via modulating the IRS-1/GLUT-2 pathway due to IL-6 inhibition. These findings suggested that Sambiloto extract had potency as an anti-inflammatory and insulin-resistance improvement in IR-HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Ningsih
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Siska Andrina Kusumastuti
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nuralih Nuralih
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Adam Arditya Fajriawan
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Devi Permatasari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Prasetyawan Yunianto
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Donny Ramadhan
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Mayriska Tri Wulandari
- Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nisrina Firdausi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nurhadi Nurhadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Reni Giarni
- Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Agustini
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Agung Eru Wibowo
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Idah Rosidah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Tiya Novlita Rengganis
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Ngatinem Ngatinem
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Agus Himawan Subiantoro
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Agus Supriyono
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Republic of Indonesia, LAPTIAB Building 610-614, Puspiptek Area, South Tangerang, Indonesia
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Gaugel J, Haacke N, Sehgal R, Jähnert M, Jonas W, Hoffmann A, Blüher M, Ghosh A, Noé F, Wolfrum C, Tan J, Schürmann A, Fazakerley DJ, Vogel H. Picalm, a novel regulator of GLUT4-trafficking in adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102014. [PMID: 39182843 PMCID: PMC11402323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Picalm (phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein), a ubiquitously expressed clathrin-adapter protein, is a well-known susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, but its role in white adipose tissue (WAT) function has not yet been studied. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of Picalm in WAT of diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant mice, hence we aimed to investigate the potential link between Picalm expression and glucose homeostasis, obesity-related metabolic phenotypes, and its specific role in insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes. METHODS Picalm expression and epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) and DNA methylation were analyzed in WAT of diabetes-resistant (DR) and diabetes-prone (DP) female New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice and in male NZO after time-restricted feeding (TRF) and alternate-day fasting (ADF). PICALM expression in human WAT was evaluated in a cross-sectional cohort and assessed before and after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Picalm in 3T3-L1-cells was performed to elucidate functional outcomes on GLUT4-translocation as well as insulin signaling and adipogenesis. RESULTS Picalm expression in WAT was significantly lower in DR compared to DP female mice, as well as in insulin-sensitive vs. resistant NZO males, and was also reduced in NZO males following TRF and ADF. Four miRNAs (let-7c, miR-30c, miR-335, miR-344) were identified as potential mediators of diabetes susceptibility-related differences in Picalm expression, while 11 miRNAs (including miR-23a, miR-29b, and miR-101a) were implicated in TRF and ADF effects. Human PICALM expression in adipose tissue was lower in individuals without obesity vs. with obesity and associated with weight-loss outcomes post-bariatric surgery. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Picalm in mature 3T3-L1-adipocytes resulted in amplified insulin-stimulated translocation of the endogenous glucose transporter GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and increased phosphorylation of Akt and Tbc1d4. Moreover, depleting Picalm before and during 3T3-L1 differentiation significantly suppressed adipogenesis, suggesting that Picalm may have distinct roles in the biology of pre- and mature adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Picalm is a novel regulator of GLUT4-translocation in WAT, with its expression modulated by both genetic predisposition to diabetes and dietary interventions. These findings suggest a potential role for Picalm in improving glucose homeostasis and highlight its relevance as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Gaugel
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Neele Haacke
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ratika Sehgal
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Joycelyn Tan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Vogel
- Research Group Nutrigenomics of Obesity and Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Sobsey CA, Froehlich BC, Mitsa G, Ibrahim S, Popp R, Zahedi RP, de Bruin EC, Borchers CH, Batist G. mTORC1-Driven Protein Translation Correlates with Clinical Benefit of Capivasertib within a Genetically Preselected Cohort of PIK3CA-Altered Tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2058-2074. [PMID: 38954770 PMCID: PMC11320025 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Capivasertib is a potent selective inhibitor of AKT. It was recently FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant to treat HR+, HER2-negative breast cancers with certain genetic alteration(s) activating the PI3K pathway. In phase I trials, heavily pretreated patients with tumors selected for activating PI3K pathway mutations treated with capivasertib monotherapy demonstrated objective response rates of <30%. We investigated the proteomic profile associated with capivasertib response in genetically preselected patients and cancer cell lines. We analyzed samples from 16 PIK3CA-mutated patient tumors collected prior to capivasertib monotherapy in the phase I trial. PI3K pathway proteins were precisely quantified with immuno-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-mass spectrometry (iMALDI-MS). Global proteomic profiles were also obtained. Patients were classified according to response to capivasertib monotherapy: "clinical benefit (CB)" (≥12 weeks without progression, n = 7) or "no clinical benefit (NCB)" (progression in <12 weeks, n = 9). Proteins that differed between the patient groups were subsequently quantified in AKT1- or PIK3CA-altered breast cancer cell lines with varying capivasertib sensitivity. The measured concentrations of AKT1 and AKT2 varied among the PIK3CA-mutated tumors but did not differ between the CB and NCB groups. However, analysis of the global proteome data showed that translational activity was higher in tumors of the NCB vs. CB group. When reproducibly quantified by validated LC-MRM-MS assays, the same proteins of interest similarly distinguished between capivasertib-sensitive versus -resistant cell lines. The results provide further evidence that increased mTORC1-driven translation functions as a mechanism of resistance to capivasertib monotherapy. Protein concentrations may offer additional insights for patient selection for capivasertib, even among genetically preselected patients. SIGNIFICANCE Capivasertib's first-in-class FDA approval demonstrates its promise, yet there remains an opportunity to optimize its use. Our results provide new evidence that proteomics can stratify genetically preselected patients on clinical benefit. Characterization of the same profile in cell lines furnishes additional validation. Among PIK3CA-altered tumors, increased mTORC1-driven translation appears to confer intrinsic resistance. Assessing mTORC1 activation could therefore prove a useful complement to the existing genetic selection strategy for capivasertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance A. Sobsey
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Bjoern C. Froehlich
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Georgia Mitsa
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sahar Ibrahim
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Rene P. Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | | | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Kandror KV. Self-assembly of the insulin-responsive vesicles creates a signaling platform for the insulin action on glucose uptake. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 128:93-121. [PMID: 40097254 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
In fat and skeletal muscle cells, insulin causes plasma membrane translocation of specialized insulin-responsive vesicles, or IRVs. These vesicles consist of multiple copies of Glut4, sortilin, IRAP, and LRP1 as well as several auxiliary components. Major IRV proteins have relatively long half-life inside the cell and survive multiple rounds of translocation to and from the cell surface. Here, we summarize evidence showing how the IRVs are self-assembled from pre-synthesized Glut4, sortilin, IRAP, and LRP1 after each translocation event. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic tail of sortilin binds Akt while cytoplasmic tails of IRAP and LRP1 interact with the Akt target, TBC1D4. Recruitment of signaling proteins to the IRVs may render insulin responsiveness to this compartment and thus distinguish it from other intracellular membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
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8
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 PMCID: PMC11381030 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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9
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Zhu X, Zeng C, Yu B. White adipose tissue in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102336. [PMID: 38604293 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition globally, currently lacking universally recognized therapeutic drugs, thereby increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Research has reported an association between white adipose tissue and MAFLD. SCOPE OF REVIEW White adipose tissue (WAT) is involved in lipid metabolism and can contribute to the progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, exosomes, autophagy, and other processes. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which WAT plays a role in the development of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS WAT participates in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, autophagy, and exosome secretion. Fibrosis and restricted expansion of adipose tissue can lead to the release of more free fatty acids (FFA), exacerbating the progression of MAFLD. WAT-secreted TNF-α and IL-1β, through the promotion of JNK/JKK/p38MAPK expression, interfere with insulin receptor serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, worsening insulin resistance. Adiponectin, by inhibiting the TLR-4-NF-κB pathway and suppressing M2 to M1 transformation, further inhibits the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, improving insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Various gene expressions within WAT, such as MBPAT7, Nrf2, and Ube4A, can ameliorate insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Autophagy-related gene Atg7 promotes the expression of fibrosis-related genes, worsening MAFLD. Non-pharmacological treatments, including diabetes-related medications and exercise, can improve MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China.
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10
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Zaarur N, Meriin AB, Singh M, Goel RK, Zaia J, Kandror KV. Akt may associate with insulin-responsive vesicles via interaction with sortilin. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:390-399. [PMID: 38105115 PMCID: PMC10922807 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-responsive vesicles (IRVs) deliver the glucose transporter Glut4 to the plasma membrane in response to activation of the insulin signaling cascade: insulin receptor-IRS-PI3 kinase-Akt-TBC1D4-Rab10. Previous studies have shown that Akt, TBC1D4, and Rab10 are compartmentalized on the IRVs. Although functionally significant, the mechanism of Akt association with the IRVs remains unknown. Using pull-down assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and cross-linking, we have found that Akt may be recruited to the IRVs via the interaction with the juxtamembrane domain of the cytoplasmic C terminus of sortilin, a major IRV protein. Overexpression of full-length sortilin increases insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4 and glucose uptake in adipocytes, while overexpression of the cytoplasmic tail of sortilin has the opposite effect. Our findings demonstrate that the IRVs represent both a scaffold and a target of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Zaarur
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Anatoli B. Meriin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Maneet Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Raghuveera K. Goel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Konstantin V. Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
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11
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Arely RJ, Cristian AE, Omar AX, Antonio PJJ, Isela SR, Yeimy Mar DLR, Xcaret Alexa HD, Omar AH. Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38248457 PMCID: PMC10813031 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship between iodine, the pancreas, adipose tissue, and glucose transport is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of iodine concentrations (in Lugol solution) on glucose transport, insulin secretion, and its cytotoxic effects in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. METHODS Fibroblast 3T3-L1, mature adipocytes, and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells were treated with 1 to 1000 µM of Lugol (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) for 30 min to 24 h for an MTT proliferation assay. Then, glucose uptake was measured with the fluorescent analog 2-NBDG, insulin receptor, Akt protein, p-Akt (ser-473), PPAR-gamma, and Glut4 by immunoblot; furthermore, insulin, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and caspase-3 activation were measured by colorimetric methods and the expression of markers of the apoptotic pathway at the RNAm level by real-time PCR. RESULTS Low concentrations of Lugol significantly induce insulin secretion and glucose uptake in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells, and in adipose cells, iodine-induced glucose uptake depends on the serine-473 phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and Glut4. Higher doses of Lugol lead to cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis dependent on PPAR-gamma, Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Iodine could influence glucose metabolism in mature adipocytes and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, but excessive levels may cause cytotoxic damage to pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reséndiz-Jiménez Arely
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico (A.-X.O.)
| | - Arbez-Evangelista Cristian
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico (A.-X.O.)
| | - Arroyo-Xochihua Omar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico (A.-X.O.)
| | - Palma-Jacinto José Antonio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico; (P.-J.J.A.); (S.-R.I.)
| | - Santiago-Roque Isela
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico; (P.-J.J.A.); (S.-R.I.)
| | - De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico; (D.L.-R.Y.M.)
| | - Hernández-Domínguez Xcaret Alexa
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico; (D.L.-R.Y.M.)
| | - Arroyo-Helguera Omar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico; (D.L.-R.Y.M.)
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12
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Diaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Cooke KC, Carroll L, Khor JXY, Turner N, Lim XY, Astore MA, Morris JC, Don AS, Garfield A, Zarini S, Zemski Berry KA, Ryan AP, Bergman BC, Brozinick JT, James DE, Burchfield JG. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceramide, and coenzyme Q are linked in a pathway that drives insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. eLife 2023; 12:RP87340. [PMID: 38149844 PMCID: PMC10752590 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder that underlies several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying IR development remain poorly understood. Previously we showed that deficiency of coenzyme Q (CoQ) is necessary and sufficient for IR in adipocytes and skeletal muscle (Fazakerley et al., 2018). Here, we provide new insights into the mechanistic connections between cellular alterations associated with IR, including increased ceramides, CoQ deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that elevated levels of ceramide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells result in CoQ depletion and loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain components, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and IR. Further, decreasing mitochondrial ceramide levels in vitro and in animal models (mice, C57BL/6J) (under chow and high-fat diet) increased CoQ levels and was protective against IR. CoQ supplementation also rescued ceramide-associated IR. Examination of the mitochondrial proteome from human muscle biopsies revealed a strong correlation between the respirasome system and mitochondrial ceramide as key determinants of insulin sensitivity. Our findings highlight the mitochondrial ceramide-CoQ-respiratory chain nexus as a potential foundation of an IR pathway that may also play a critical role in other conditions associated with ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as heart failure, cancer, and aging. These insights may have important clinical implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IR and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Luke Carroll
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jasmine XY Khor
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
| | - Xin Y Lim
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Miro A Astore
- Center for Computational Biology and Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Anthony S Don
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Amanda Garfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Simona Zarini
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Karin A Zemski Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Andrew P Ryan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisUnited States
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisUnited States
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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13
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Wu LE, Fiveash CE, Bentley NL, Kang M, Govindaraju H, Barbour JA, Wilkins BP, Hancock SE, Madawala R, Das A, Massudi H, Li C, Kim L, Wong ASA, Marinova MB, Sultani G, Das A, Youngson NA, Le Couteur DG, Sinclair DA, Turner N. SIRT2 transgenic over-expression does not impact lifespan in mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14027. [PMID: 38009412 PMCID: PMC10726910 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAD+ -dependent deacylase family of sirtuin enzymes have been implicated in biological ageing, late-life health and overall lifespan, though of these members, a role for sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) is less clear. Transgenic overexpression of SIRT2 in the BubR1 hypomorph model of progeria can rescue many aspects of health and increase overall lifespan, due to a specific interaction between SIRT2 and BubR1 that improves the stability of this protein. It is less clear whether SIRT2 is relevant to biological ageing outside of a model where BubR1 is under-expressed. Here, we sought to test whether SIRT2 over-expression would impact the overall health and lifespan of mice on a nonprogeroid, wild-type background. While we previously found that SIRT2 transgenic overexpression prolonged female fertility, here, we did not observe any additional impact on health or lifespan, which was measured in both male and female mice on standard chow diets, and in males challenged with a high-fat diet. At the biochemical level, NMR studies revealed an increase in total levels of a number of metabolites in the brain of SIRT2-Tg animals, pointing to a potential impact in cell composition; however, this did not translate into functional differences. Overall, we conclude that strategies to enhance SIRT2 protein levels may not lead to increased longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Wu
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Corrine E. Fiveash
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Myung‐Jin Kang
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jayne A. Barbour
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Brendan P. Wilkins
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Hancock
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Romanthi Madawala
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Abhijit Das
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hassina Massudi
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine Li
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lynn‐Jee Kim
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashley S. A. Wong
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria B. Marinova
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ghazal Sultani
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Abhirup Das
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David G. Le Couteur
- ANZAC Medical Research InstituteConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik InstitutePaul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Biomedical SciencesUNSW SydneyKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
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14
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de Freitas-Marchi BL, Dos Santos JF, Reigado GR, Fernandes MTP, Alcalde FSC, de Oliveira Carvalho CR, Nunes VA. Effect of Uncaria tomentosa aqueous extract on the response to palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in cultured skeletal muscle cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:412. [PMID: 37968654 PMCID: PMC10647034 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with dyslipidemia, which corresponds to the increase in the triglycerides and fatty acid concentrations in tissues, such as the skeletal muscle. Also, T2DM molecular mechanism involves increasing in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The use of herbal medicines such as Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) has been proposed as an auxiliary treatment for patients with T2DM. In this study, it was evaluated the effect of Ut aqueous extract on cell viability and ROS production, in skeletal myoblasts from C2C12 lineage exposed to the free fatty acid palmitate (PA). METHODS Cells were incubated with PA in different concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μM, for 24 or 48 h, for cytotoxicity assay. Cell death, DNA fragmentation and ROS production assays were performed in cell cultures incubated with PA for 24 h, in the pre (preventive condition) or post treatment (therapeutic condition) with 250 μg/ml Ut aqueous extract, for 2 or 6 h. Cell death was evaluated by MTT method or flow cytometry. ROS generation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy using the DCFDA probe. RESULTS Cell viability was reduced to approximately 44% after the incubation with PA for 24 h from the concentration of 500 µM. In the incubation of cells with 500 μM PA and Ut extract for 6 h, in both conditions (preventive or therapeutic), it was observed an increase of 27 and 70% in cell viability respectively, in comparison to the cultures incubated with only PA. Also, the incubation of cultures with 500 μM PA, for 24 h, increased 20-fold the ROS formation, while the treatment with Ut extract, for 6 h, both in the preventive or therapeutic conditions, promoted decrease of 21 and 55%, respectively. CONCLUSION The Ut extract was efficient in promoting cell protection against PA lipotoxicity and ROS generation, potentially preventing oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Since T2DM molecular mechanism involves oxidative stress condition and it is often associated with dyslipidemia and fatty acid accumulation in muscle tissue, these results open perspectives for the use of Ut as an auxiliary strategy for T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Leticia de Freitas-Marchi
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeniffer Farias Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roncoli Reigado
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myrian Thiago Pruschinski Fernandes
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Santiago Chambergo Alcalde
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Song Q, Zhou X, Xu K, Liu S, Zhu X, Yang J. The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1416-1435. [PMID: 37619764 PMCID: PMC10721522 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human physiology is well recognized. As the NAD+ concentration in human skin, blood, liver, muscle, and brain are thought to decrease with age, finding ways to increase NAD+ status could possibly influence the aging process and associated metabolic sequelae. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis, and in vitro/in vivo studies have demonstrated that NMN supplementation increases NAD+ concentration and could mitigate aging-related disorders such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory responses. The promotion of NMN as an antiaging health supplement has gained popularity due to such findings; however, since most studies evaluating the effects of NMN have been conducted in cell or animal models, a concern remains regarding the safety and physiological effects of NMN supplementation in the human population. Nonetheless, a dozen human clinical trials with NMN supplementation are currently underway. This review summarizes the current progress of these trials and NMN/NAD+ biology to clarify the potential effects of NMN supplementation and to shed light on future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 2(nd) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Core Facility, The 4(th) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Diaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Cooke KC, Carroll L, Khor JXY, Turner N, Lim XY, Astore MA, Morris J, Don A, Garfield A, Zarini S, Zemski Berry KA, Ryan A, Bergman BC, Brozinick JT, James DE, Burchfield JG. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceramide and Coenzyme Q are linked in a pathway that drives insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.10.532020. [PMID: 36945619 PMCID: PMC10028964 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.532020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder that underlies several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying IR development remain poorly understood. Here, we provide new insights into the mechanistic connections between cellular alterations associated with IR, including increased ceramides, deficiency of coenzyme Q (CoQ), mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that elevated levels of ceramide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells results in CoQ depletion and loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain components, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and IR. Further, decreasing mitochondrial ceramide levels in vitro and in animal models (under chow and high fat diet) increased CoQ levels and was protective against IR. CoQ supplementation also rescued ceramide-associated IR. Examination of the mitochondrial proteome from human muscle biopsies revealed a strong correlation between the respirasome system and mitochondrial ceramide as key determinants of insulin sensitivity. Our findings highlight the mitochondrial Ceramide-CoQ-respiratory chain nexus as a potential foundation of an IR pathway that may also play a critical role in other conditions associated with ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as heart failure, cancer, and aging. These insights may have important clinical implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IR and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Soren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen C. Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke Carroll
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jasmine X. Y. Khor
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Ying Lim
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Miro A. Astore
- Center for Computational Biology and Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jonathan Morris
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Don
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Amanda Garfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Simona Zarini
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karin A. Zemski Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Ryan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph T. Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E. James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - James G. Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Masson SWC, Madsen S, Cooke KC, Potter M, Vegas AD, Carroll L, Thillainadesan S, Cutler HB, Walder KR, Cooney GJ, Morahan G, Stöckli J, James DE. Leveraging genetic diversity to identify small molecules that reverse mouse skeletal muscle insulin resistance. eLife 2023; 12:RP86961. [PMID: 37494090 PMCID: PMC10371229 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems genetics has begun to tackle the complexity of insulin resistance by capitalising on computational advances to study high-diversity populations. 'Diversity Outbred in Australia (DOz)' is a population of genetically unique mice with profound metabolic heterogeneity. We leveraged this variance to explore skeletal muscle's contribution to whole-body insulin action through metabolic phenotyping and skeletal muscle proteomics of 215 DOz mice. Linear modelling identified 553 proteins that associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index) including regulators of endocytosis and muscle proteostasis. To enrich for causality, we refined this network by focusing on negatively associated, genetically regulated proteins, resulting in a 76-protein fingerprint of insulin resistance. We sought to perturb this network and restore insulin action with small molecules by integrating the Broad Institute Connectivity Map platform and in vitro assays of insulin action using the Prestwick chemical library. These complementary approaches identified the antibiotic thiostrepton as an insulin resistance reversal agent. Subsequent validation in ex vivo insulin-resistant mouse muscle and palmitate-induced insulin-resistant myotubes demonstrated potent insulin action restoration, potentially via upregulation of glycolysis. This work demonstrates the value of a drug-centric framework to validate systems-level analysis by identifying potential therapeutics for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart WC Masson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Meg Potter
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Alexis Diaz Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Luke Carroll
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkAustralia
| | - Senthil Thillainadesan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Harry B Cutler
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Ken R Walder
- School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchMurdochAustralia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneyCamperdownAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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18
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Herrerías-González F, Yeramian A, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Bueno M, Fleitas C, de la Fuente M, Serrano JCE, Granado-Serrano A, Santamaría M, Yeramian N, Zorzano-Martínez M, Mora C, Lecube A. PKN1 Kinase: A Key Player in Adipocyte Differentiation and Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102414. [PMID: 37242297 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction is the driver of obesity and correlates with insulin resistance and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to contribute to Glut4 translocation to the membrane and glucose transport. Here, we evaluated the role of PKN1 in glucose metabolism under insulin-resistant conditions in primary visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 31 patients with obesity and in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, in vitro studies in human VAT samples and mouse adipocytes were conducted to investigate the role of PKN1 in the adipogenic maturation process and glucose homeostasis control. We show that insulin-resistant adipocytes present a decrease in PKN1 activation levels compared to nondiabetic control counterparts. We further show that PKN1 controls the adipogenesis process and glucose metabolism. PKN1-silenced adipocytes present a decrease in both differentiation process and glucose uptake, with a concomitant decrease in the expression levels of adipogenic markers, such as PPARγ, FABP4, adiponectin and CEBPα. Altogether, these results point to PKN1 as a regulator of key signaling pathways involved in adipocyte differentiation and as an emerging player of adipocyte insulin responsiveness. These findings may provide new therapeutic approaches for the management of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Herrerías-González
- Experimental Surgery Research Group, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Andrée Yeramian
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena-Fustegueras
- Experimental Surgery Research Group, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Bueno
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
| | - Catherine Fleitas
- Biobank Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRB-Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maricruz de la Fuente
- Experimental Surgery Research Group, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - José C E Serrano
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Granado-Serrano
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maite Santamaría
- Experimental Surgery Research Group, General and Digestive Surgery Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nadine Yeramian
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Marta Zorzano-Martínez
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Lleida (IRB-LLeida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, University of Lleida, 25716 Lleida, Spain
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19
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Pánico P, Velasco M, Salazar AM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Hiriart M. The effects of sucrose and arsenic on muscular insulin signaling pathways differ between the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1165415. [PMID: 37229459 PMCID: PMC10205014 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance in muscle can originate from a sedentary lifestyle, hypercaloric diets, or exposure to endocrine-disrupting pollutants such as arsenic. In skeletal muscle, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by translocating GLUT4 to the sarcolemma. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations induced by sucrose and arsenic exposure in vivo on the pathways involved in insulinstimulated GLUT4 translocation in the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. Methods Male Wistar rats were treated with 20% sucrose (S), 50 ppm sodium arsenite (A), or both (A+S) in drinking water for 8 weeks. We conducted an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance (ITT) test on the seventh week of treatment. The quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were obtained after overnight fasting or 30 min after intraperitoneal insulin injection. We assessed changes in GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma by cell fractionation and abundance of the proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation by Western blot. Results Male rats consuming S and A+S gained more weight than control and Atreated animals. Rats consuming S, A, and A+S developed insulin resistance assessed through ITT. Neither treatments nor insulin stimulation in the quadriceps produced changes in GLUT4 levels in the sarcolemma and Akt phosphorylation. Conversely, A and A+S decreased protein expression of Tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG), and A alone increased calpain-10 expression. All treatments reduced this muscle's protein levels of VAMP2. Conversely, S and A treatment increased basal GLUT4 levels in the sarcolemma of the gastrocnemius, while all treatments inhibited insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation. These effects correlated with lower basal levels of TUG and impaired insulin-stimulated TUG proteolysis. Moreover, animals treated with S had reduced calpain-10 protein levels in this muscle, while A and A+S inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion Arsenic and sucrose induce systemic insulin resistance due to defects in GLUT4 translocation induced by insulin. These defects depend on which muscle is being analyzed, in the quadriceps there were defects in GLUT4 retention and docking while in the gastrocnemius the Akt pathway was impacted by arsenic and the proteolytic pathway was impaired by arsenic and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Fazakerley DJ, van Gerwen J, Cooke KC, Duan X, Needham EJ, Díaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Norris DM, Shun-Shion AS, Krycer JR, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Wade MR, Brozinick JT, James DE, Humphrey SJ. Phosphoproteomics reveals rewiring of the insulin signaling network and multi-nodal defects in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:923. [PMID: 36808134 PMCID: PMC9938909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of metabolic tissues to appropriately respond to insulin ("insulin resistance") is an early marker in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation is central to the adipocyte insulin response, but how adipocyte signaling networks are dysregulated upon insulin resistance is unknown. Here we employ phosphoproteomics to delineate insulin signal transduction in adipocyte cells and adipose tissue. Across a range of insults causing insulin resistance, we observe a marked rewiring of the insulin signaling network. This includes both attenuated insulin-responsive phosphorylation, and the emergence of phosphorylation uniquely insulin-regulated in insulin resistance. Identifying dysregulated phosphosites common to multiple insults reveals subnetworks containing non-canonical regulators of insulin action, such as MARK2/3, and causal drivers of insulin resistance. The presence of several bona fide GSK3 substrates among these phosphosites led us to establish a pipeline for identifying context-specific kinase substrates, revealing widespread dysregulation of GSK3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 partially reverses insulin resistance in cells and tissue explants. These data highlight that insulin resistance is a multi-nodal signaling defect that includes dysregulated MARK2/3 and GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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21
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Masson SWC, Dissanayake WC, Broome SC, Hedges CP, Peeters WM, Gram M, Rowlands DS, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. A role for β-catenin in diet-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15536. [PMID: 36807886 PMCID: PMC9937784 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A central characteristic of insulin resistance is the impaired ability for insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. While insulin resistance can occur distal to the canonical insulin receptor-PI3k-Akt signaling pathway, the signaling intermediates involved in the dysfunction are yet to be fully elucidated. β-catenin is an emerging distal regulator of skeletal muscle and adipocyte insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking. Here, we investigate its role in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Short-term (5-week) high-fat diet (HFD) decreased skeletal muscle β-catenin protein expression 27% (p = 0.03), and perturbed insulin-stimulated β-cateninS552 phosphorylation 21% (p = 0.009) without affecting insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to chow-fed controls. Under chow conditions, mice with muscle-specific β-catenin deletion had impaired insulin responsiveness, whereas under HFD, both mice exhibited similar levels of insulin resistance (interaction effect of genotype × diet p < 0.05). Treatment of L6-GLUT4-myc myocytes with palmitate lower β-catenin protein expression by 75% (p = 0.02), and attenuated insulin-stimulated β-catenin phosphorylationS552 and actin remodeling (interaction effect of insulin × palmitate p < 0.05). Finally, β-cateninS552 phosphorylation was 45% lower in muscle biopsies from men with type 2 diabetes while total β-catenin expression was unchanged. These findings suggest that β-catenin dysfunction is associated with the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart W. C. Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Waruni C. Dissanayake
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sophie C. Broome
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Christopher P. Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Wouter M. Peeters
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
- Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Martin Gram
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David S. Rowlands
- School of Sport, Exercise and NutritionMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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22
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Diaz-Vegas A, Norris DM, Jall-Rogg S, Cooke KC, Conway OJ, Shun-Shion AS, Duan X, Potter M, van Gerwen J, Baird HJ, Humphrey SJ, James DE, Fazakerley DJ, Burchfield JG. A high-content endogenous GLUT4 trafficking assay reveals new aspects of adipocyte biology. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201585. [PMID: 36283703 PMCID: PMC9595207 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipocytes is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis. Currently, GLUT4 trafficking assays rely on overexpression of tagged GLUT4. Here we describe a high-content imaging platform for studying endogenous GLUT4 translocation in intact adipocytes. This method enables high fidelity analysis of GLUT4 responses to specific perturbations, multiplexing of other trafficking proteins and other features including lipid droplet morphology. Using this multiplexed approach we showed that Vps45 and Rab14 are selective regulators of GLUT4, but Trarg1, Stx6, Stx16, Tbc1d4 and Rab10 knockdown affected both GLUT4 and TfR translocation. Thus, GLUT4 and TfR translocation machinery likely have some overlap upon insulin-stimulation. In addition, we identified Kif13A, a Rab10 binding molecular motor, as a novel regulator of GLUT4 traffic. Finally, comparison of endogenous to overexpressed GLUT4 highlights that the endogenous GLUT4 methodology has an enhanced sensitivity to genetic perturbations and emphasises the advantage of studying endogenous protein trafficking for drug discovery and genetic analysis of insulin action in relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sigrid Jall-Rogg
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivia J Conway
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meg Potter
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Harry Jm Baird
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis cause Glut4 translocation and increase glucose uptake in adipocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15640. [PMID: 36123369 PMCID: PMC9485115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes by triggering translocation of glucose transporter 4-containg vesicles to the plasma membrane. Under basal conditions, these vesicles (IRVs for insulin-responsive vesicles) are retained inside the cell via a “static” or “dynamic” mechanism. We have found that inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, actinomycin D and emetine, stimulate Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes without engaging conventional signaling proteins, such as Akt, TBC1D4, or TUG. Actinomycin D does not significantly affect endocytosis of Glut4 or recycling of transferrin, suggesting that it specifically increases exocytosis of the IRVs. Thus, the intracellular retention of the IRVs in adipocytes requires continuous RNA and protein biosynthesis de novo. These results point out to the existence of a short-lived inhibitor of IRV translocation thus supporting the “static” model.
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24
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Brunetta HS, Petrick HL, Momken I, Handy RM, Pignanelli C, Nunes EA, Piquereau J, Mericskay M, Holloway GP. Nitrate consumption preserves HFD-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial ADP sensitivity and lysine acetylation: A potential role for SIRT1. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102307. [PMID: 35398714 PMCID: PMC9006675 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation, and the subsequent serial reduction to nitric oxide, has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis in several pre-clinical models of obesity and insulin resistance. While the mechanisms remain poorly defined, the beneficial effects of nitrate appear to be partially dependent on AMPK-mediated signaling events, a central regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Since AMPK can activate SIRT1, we aimed to determine if nitrate supplementation (4 mM sodium nitrate via drinking water) improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and acetylation status in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD: 60% fat). Consumption of HFD induced whole-body glucose intolerance, and within muscle attenuated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity (higher apparent Km), submaximal ADP-supported respiration, mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2) production in the presence of ADP and increased cellular protein carbonylation alongside mitochondrial-specific acetylation. Consumption of nitrate partially preserved glucose tolerance and, within skeletal muscle, normalized insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity, mtH2O2, protein carbonylation and global mitochondrial acetylation status. Nitrate also prevented the HFD-mediated reduction in SIRT1 protein, and interestingly, the positive effects of nitrate ingestion on glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial acetylation levels were abolished in SIRT1 inducible knock-out mice, suggesting SIRT1 is required for the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate. Altogether, dietary nitrate preserves mitochondrial ADP sensitivity and global lysine acetylation in HFD-fed mice, while in the absence of SIRT1, the effects of nitrate on glucose tolerance and mitochondrial acetylation were abrogated.
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25
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Zhang K, Huang Y, Wu Q, Guo W, Chen H, Zhang W, Li Y, Lu Y, Wu Q, Pan W, Chen L, Chen Y. Antibacterial effect and mechanism against Escherichia coli of polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:750-759. [PMID: 35318079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to prepare Armillariella tabescens mycelia polysaccharides (PAT) with remarkably growth inhibitory effect on typical food-borne pathogenic bacteria using a green and efficient polyamide method and (2) to explore the antibacterial mechanism of PAT for use as a natural antibacterial agent. The sugar and uronic acid contents of PAT were 93.41% and 12.24%, respectively. PAT could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. Ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed cell wall and membrane rupture of E. coli treated with PAT. Further, 0.5-4.0 mg/mL PAT was found to significantly (P < 0.01) and concentration-dependently increase the conductivity of the broth, exudation of the intracellular protein, and alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase activities. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed morphological changes in E. coli DNA after PAT treatment and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation; flow cytometry revealed E. coli cell apoptosis. Our findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of PAT as a natural antibacterial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianzhen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenhua Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjuan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Three live-imaging techniques for comprehensively understanding the initial trigger for insulin-responsive intracellular GLUT4 trafficking. iScience 2022; 25:104164. [PMID: 35434546 PMCID: PMC9010770 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative features of GLUT4 glucose transporter's behavior deep inside cells remain largely unknown. Our previous analyses with live-cell imaging of intracellular GLUT4 trafficking demonstrated two crucial early events responsible for triggering insulin-responsive translocation processes, namely, heterotypic fusion and liberation. To quantify the regulation, interrelationships, and dynamics of the initial events more accurately and comprehensively, we herein applied three analyses, each based on our distinct dual-color live-cell imaging approaches. With these approaches, heterotypic fusion was found to be the first trigger for insulin-responsive GLUT4 redistributions, preceding liberation, and to be critically regulated by Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and actin dynamics. In addition, demonstrating the subcellular regional dependence of GLUT4 dynamics revealed that liberated GLUT4 molecules are promptly incorporated into the trafficking itinerary of transferrin receptors. Our approaches highlight the physiological significance of endosomal "GLUT4 molecule trafficking" rather than "GLUT4 vesicle delivery" to the plasma membrane in response to insulin.
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27
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, James DE, Stocker R. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:339-362. [PMID: 34775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest pathological features of a suite of diseases including type 2 diabetes collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence from both pre-clinical studies and human cohorts indicating that reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are key players in the development of insulin resistance. Here we review the evidence linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generated within mitochondria with insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, two major insulin sensitive tissues. We outline the relevant mitochondria-derived reactive species, how the mitochondrial redox state is regulated, and methodologies available to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we highlight key experimental issues to be considered when studying the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Evaluating the available literature on both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/redox state and insulin resistance in a variety of biological systems, we conclude that the weight of evidence suggests a likely role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the etiology of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, major limitations in the methods used to study reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance as well as the lack of data linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytosolic insulin signaling pathways are significant obstacles in proving the mechanistic link between these two processes. We provide a framework to guide future studies to provide stronger mechanistic information on the link between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and insulin resistance as understanding the source, localization, nature, and quantity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, their targets and downstream signaling pathways may pave the way for important new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Knudsen JR, Madsen AB, Li Z, Andersen NR, Schjerling P, Jensen TE. Gene deletion of γ-actin impairs insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in growing mice but not in mature adult mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15183. [PMID: 35224890 PMCID: PMC8882697 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cortical cytoskeleton, consisting of the cytoplasmic actin isoforms β and/or γ-actin, has been implicated in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in muscle and adipose cell culture. Furthermore, transgenic inhibition of multiple actin-regulating proteins in muscle inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. The current study tested if γ-actin was required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle. Based on our previously reported age-dependent phenotype in muscle-specific β-actin gene deletion (-/- ) mice, we included cohorts of growing 8-14 weeks old and mature 18-32 weeks old muscle-specific γ-actin-/- mice or wild-type littermates. In growing mice, insulin significantly increased the glucose uptake in slow-twitch oxidative soleus and fast-twitch glycolytic EDL muscles from wild-type mice, but not γ-actin-/- . In relative values, the maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by ~50% in soleus and by ~70% in EDL muscles from growing γ-actin-/- mice compared to growing wild-type mice. In contrast, the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake responses in mature adult γ-actin-/- soleus and EDL muscles were indistinguishable from the responses in wild-type muscles. Mature adult insulin-stimulated phosphorylations on Akt, p70S6K, and ULK1 were not significantly affected by genotype. Hence, insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake shows an age-dependent impairment in young growing but not in fully grown γ-actin-/- mice, bearing phenotypic resemblance to β-actin-/- mice. Overall, γ-actin does not appear required for insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake in adulthood. Furthermore, our data emphasize the need to consider the rapid growth of young mice as a potential confounder in transgenic mouse phenotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R. Knudsen
- Section for Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Agnete B. Madsen
- Section for Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Section for Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Section for Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MInstitute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- Section for Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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29
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Martins VF, LaBarge SA, Stanley A, Svensson K, Hung CW, Keinan O, Ciaraldi TP, Banoian D, Park JE, Ha C, Hetrick B, Meyer GA, Philp A, David LL, Henry RR, Aslan JE, Saltiel AR, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. p300 or CBP is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:141344. [PMID: 34813504 PMCID: PMC8765050 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While current thinking posits that insulin signaling to GLUT4 exocytic translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes is controlled by phosphorylation-based signaling, many proteins in this pathway are acetylated on lysine residues. However, the importance of acetylation and lysine acetyltransferases to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that combined loss of the acetyltransferases E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP) in mouse skeletal muscle causes a complete loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, brief (i.e. 1 h) pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP acetyltransferase activity recapitulates this phenotype in human and rodent myotubes, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and mouse muscle. Mechanistically, these effects are due to p300/CBP-mediated regulation of GLUT4 exocytic translocation and occurs downstream of Akt signaling. Taken together, we highlight a fundamental role for acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Dion Banoian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Ji E Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Christina Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Robert R Henry
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
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30
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The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:751-771. [PMID: 34285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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31
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D'Souza RF, Masson SWC, Woodhead JST, James SL, MacRae C, Hedges CP, Merry TL. α1-Antitrypsin A treatment attenuates neutrophil elastase accumulation and enhances insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E560-E570. [PMID: 34486403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00181.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils accumulate in insulin-sensitive tissues during obesity and may play a role in impairing insulin sensitivity. The major serine protease expressed by neutrophils is neutrophil elastase (NE), which is inhibited endogenously by α1-antitrypsin A (A1AT). We investigated the effect of exogenous (A1AT) treatment on diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Male C57Bl/6j mice fed a chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) were randomized to receive intraperitoneal injections three times weekly of either Prolastin (human A1AT; 2 mg) or vehicle (PBS) for 10 wk. Prolastin treatment did not affect plasma NE concentration, body weight, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity in chow-fed mice. In contrast, Prolastin treatment attenuated HFD-induced increases in plasma and white adipose tissue (WAT) NE without affecting circulatory neutrophil levels or increases in body weight. Prolastin-treated mice fed a HFD had improved insulin sensitivity, as assessed by insulin tolerance test, and this was associated with higher insulin-dependent IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate) and AktSer473 phosphorylation, and reduced inflammation markers in WAT but not liver or muscle. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Prolastin reversed recombinant NE-induced impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and IRS-1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, PDGF mediated p-AktSer473 activation and glucose uptake (which is independent of IRS-1) was not affected by recombinant NE treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that NE infiltration of WAT during metabolic overload contributes to insulin resistance by impairing insulin-induced IRS-1 signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neutrophils accumulate in peripheral tissues during obesity and are critical coordinators of tissue inflammatory responses. Here, we provide evidence that inhibition of the primary neutrophil protease, neutrophil elastase, with α1-antitrypsin A (A1AT) can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis of mice fed a high-fat diet. This was attributed to improved insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation in white adipose tissue and provides further support for a role of neutrophils in mediating diet-induced peripheral tissue insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall F D'Souza
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stewart W C Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan S T Woodhead
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samuel L James
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin MacRae
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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32
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, Suarna C, Maghzal GJ, Sheipouri D, Lee KJ, Bradley MC, Fernández-Del-Rio L, Tumanov S, Kong SM, van der Veen JN, Yang A, Ho JWK, Clarke SG, James DE, Dawes IW, Vance DE, Clarke CF, Jacobs RL, Stocker R. Genetic screening reveals phospholipid metabolism as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of the redox-active lipid coenzyme Q. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102127. [PMID: 34521065 PMCID: PMC8435697 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy production and function rely on optimal concentrations of the essential redox-active lipid, coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and a range of pathologies. What drives CoQ deficiency in many of these pathologies is unknown, just as there currently is no effective therapeutic strategy to overcome CoQ deficiency in humans. To date, large-scale studies aimed at systematically interrogating endogenous systems that control CoQ biosynthesis and their potential utility to treat disease have not been carried out. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput method to determine CoQ concentrations in yeast cells. Applying this method to the Yeast Deletion Collection as a genome-wide screen, 30 genes not known previously to regulate cellular concentrations of CoQ were discovered. In combination with untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) deficiency was confirmed as a positive regulator of CoQ synthesis, the first identified to date. Mechanistically, PEMT deficiency alters mitochondrial concentrations of one-carbon metabolites, characterized by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM-to-SAH) ratio that reflects mitochondrial methylation capacity, drives CoQ synthesis, and is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The newly described regulatory pathway appears evolutionary conserved, as ablation of PEMT using antisense oligonucleotides increases mitochondrial CoQ in mouse-derived adipocytes that translates to improved glucose utilization by these cells, and protection of mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between two spatially distinct lipid pathways with potential implications for the treatment of CoQ deficiencies, mitochondrial oxidative stress/dysfunction, and associated diseases. Mitochondrial CoQ deficiency results in oxidative stress and a range of pathologies The drivers of mitochondrial CoQ deficiency remain largely unknown PEMT deficiency is the first identified positive regulator of mitochondrial CoQ PEMT deficiency increases CoQ by increasing the mitochondrial SAM-to-SAH ratio PEMT deficiency prevents insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial CoQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Diba Sheipouri
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Rio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie My Kong
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jelske N van der Veen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian W Dawes
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Li H, Wang C, Zhao J, Guo C. JNK downregulation improves olanzapine-induced insulin resistance by suppressing IRS1 Ser307 phosphorylation and reducing inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112071. [PMID: 34449309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes, including inflammation and glucose metabolism. However, the effects of JNK on olanzapine-induced insulin resistance and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to explore the role of JNK in olanzapine-induced insulin resistance and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We studied glucose metabolism in olanzapine-treated female C57B/J mice and mice with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated downregulation of JNK1 in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the mechanism of JNK1 regulating insulin signaling after olanzapine treatment. RESULTS JNK was activated in eWAT after olanzapine treatment. JNK1 downregulation in eWAT ameliorated the insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in olanzapine-treated mice. Furthermore, overexpression of JNK1 in adipocytes exacerbated the glucose disorder while JNK1 knockdown alleviated the impaired insulin signaling on olanzapine challenge, which was likely mediated by the reduced inflammation and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation. Moreover, the effect of JNK1 was attenuated by downregulation of IRS1 in adipocytes. Finally, the JNK1-IRS1 interaction and IRS1S307 phosphorylation were required for JNK1-regulated olanzapine-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that JNK1 activation by olanzapine induced insulin resistance by promoting IRS1Ser307 phosphorylation and inflammation in eWAT. These results highlighted the importance of JNK1 in eWAT as a promising drug target for olanzapine-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Chongshu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuilian Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Issac PK, Karan R, Guru A, Pachaiappan R, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Harikrishnan R, Raj JA. Insulin signaling pathway assessment by enhancing antioxidant activity due to morin using in vitro rat skeletal muscle L6 myotubes cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5857-5872. [PMID: 34302266 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived phytochemicals such as flavonoids have been explored to be powerful antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress-related diseases. In the present study, Morin, a flavonoid compound was studied for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in relation to oxidative stress in insulin resistant models conducted in rat skeletal muscle L6 cell line model. METHODS Evaluation of antioxidant property of morin was assayed using in vitro methods such as cell viability by MTT assay, estimation of SOD and CAT activity and NO scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative nature of morin on L6 cell line was conducted by the DCF-DA fluorescent activity. Glucose uptake in morin treated L6 myotubes are accessed by 2-NBDG assay in the presence or absence of IRTK and PI3K inhibitors. Further glycogen content estimation due to the morin treatment in L6 myotubes was performed. Antioxidant and insulin signaling pathway gene expression was examined over RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Morin has a negligible cytotoxic effect at doses of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µM concentration according to cell viability assay. Morin revealed that the levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in L6 myotubes had increased. When the cells were subjected to the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, morin lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation at 60 µM concentration displaying 39% ROS generation in oxidative stress condition. Lesser NO activity and a drop in green fluorescence emission in the DCFDA assay, demonstrating its anti-oxidative nature by reducing ROS formation in vitro. Glucose uptake by the L6 myotube cells using 2-NBDG, and with IRTK and PI3K inhibitors (genistein and wortmannin) showed a significant increase in glucose uptake by the cells which shows the up regulated GLUT-4 movement from intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. Morin (60 µM) significantly enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes GPx, GST and GCS as well as insulin signalling genes IRTK, IRS-1, PI3K, GLUT-4, GSK-3β and GS in L6 myotubes treated cells. CONCLUSION Morin has the ability to act as an anti-oxidant by lowering ROS levels and demonstrating insulin mimetic activity by reversing insulin resistance associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rupmanjari Karan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 330801, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, 631501, India
| | - Jesu Arockia Raj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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35
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Kearney AL, Norris DM, Ghomlaghi M, Kin Lok Wong M, Humphrey SJ, Carroll L, Yang G, Cooke KC, Yang P, Geddes TA, Shin S, Fazakerley DJ, Nguyen LK, James DE, Burchfield JG. Akt phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate to limit PI3K-mediated PIP3 synthesis. eLife 2021; 10:e66942. [PMID: 34253290 PMCID: PMC8277355 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt network is tightly controlled by feedback mechanisms that regulate signal flow and ensure signal fidelity. A rapid overshoot in insulin-stimulated recruitment of Akt to the plasma membrane has previously been reported, which is indicative of negative feedback operating on acute timescales. Here, we show that Akt itself engages this negative feedback by phosphorylating insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 on a number of residues. Phosphorylation results in the depletion of plasma membrane-localised IRS1/2, reducing the pool available for interaction with the insulin receptor. Together these events limit plasma membrane-associated PI3K and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) synthesis. We identified two Akt-dependent phosphorylation sites in IRS2 at S306 (S303 in mouse) and S577 (S573 in mouse) that are key drivers of this negative feedback. These findings establish a novel mechanism by which the kinase Akt acutely controls PIP3 abundance, through post-translational modification of the IRS scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Kearney
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Milad Ghomlaghi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Martin Kin Lok Wong
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Luke Carroll
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Guang Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Thomas A Geddes
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Sungyoung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science 2021; 372:1224-1229. [PMID: 33888596 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, obesity and aging impair nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, which contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) availability is a rate-limiting factor in mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis. We conducted a 10-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of NMN supplementation on metabolic function in postmenopausal women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, assessed by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and skeletal muscle insulin signaling [phosphorylation of protein kinase AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)] increased after NMN supplementation but did not change after placebo treatment. NMN supplementation up-regulated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and other genes related to muscle remodeling. These results demonstrate that NMN increases muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and remodeling in women with prediabetes who are overweight or obese (clinicaltrial.gov NCT03151239).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brandon D Kayser
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Franczyk
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn F Mills
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miriam Sindelar
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terri Pietka
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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37
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Redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101964. [PMID: 33893069 PMCID: PMC8113030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone insulin is a key regulator of energy metabolism, proliferation and survival. Binding of insulin to its receptor activates the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates fundamental cellular responses. Oxidants, in particular H2O2, have been recognised as insulin-mimetics. Treatment of cells with insulin leads to increased intracellular H2O2 levels affecting the activity of downstream signalling components, thereby amplifying insulin-mediated signal transduction. Specific molecular targets of insulin-stimulated H2O2 include phosphatases and kinases, whose activity can be altered via redox modifications of critical cysteine residues. Over the past decades, several of these redox-sensitive cysteines have been identified and their impact on insulin signalling evaluated. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway.
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38
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Gupta S, Rai AK, Pandey S, Singh LR, Kant R, Tamrakar AK, Sashidhara KV. Microwave-assisted efficient synthesis of pyrazole-fibrate derivatives as stimulators of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 34:127760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Norris D, Yang P, Shin SY, Kearney AL, Kim HJ, Geddes T, Senior AM, Fazakerley DJ, Nguyen LK, James DE, Burchfield JG. Signaling Heterogeneity is Defined by Pathway Architecture and Intercellular Variability in Protein Expression. iScience 2021; 24:102118. [PMID: 33659881 PMCID: PMC7892930 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin's activation of PI3K/Akt signaling, stimulates glucose uptake by enhancing delivery of GLUT4 to the cell surface. Here we examined the origins of intercellular heterogeneity in insulin signaling. Akt activation alone accounted for ~25% of the variance in GLUT4, indicating that additional sources of variance exist. The Akt and GLUT4 responses were highly reproducible within the same cell, suggesting the variance is between cells (extrinsic) and not within cells (intrinsic). Generalized mechanistic models (supported by experimental observations) demonstrated that the correlation between the steady-state levels of two measured signaling processes decreases with increasing distance from each other and that intercellular variation in protein expression (as an example of extrinsic variance) is sufficient to account for the variance in and between Akt and GLUT4. Thus, the response of a population to insulin signaling is underpinned by considerable single-cell heterogeneity that is largely driven by variance in gene/protein expression between cells. Insulin signaling is heterogeneous between cells in the same population The temporal response of signaling components within a cell is highly reproducible Upstream responses (Akt) can only partially predict downstream response (GLUT4) Protein expression variance is a driver of intercellular signaling heterogeneity
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Affiliation(s)
- Dougall Norris
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Alison L Kearney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hani Jieun Kim
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Thomas Geddes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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40
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A Review on Oxidative Stress, Diabetic Complications, and the Roles of Honey Polyphenols. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8878172. [PMID: 33299532 PMCID: PMC7704201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of various antidiabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the world's most prevalent chronic diseases and is a global burden. Hyperglycaemia, a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), substantially leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress as well as numerous cellular and molecular modifications such as mitochondrial dysfunction affecting normal physiological functions in the body. In mitochondrial-mediated processes, oxidative pathways play an important role, although the responsible molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The impaired mitochondrial function is evidenced by insulin insensitivity in various cell types. In addition, the roles of master antioxidant pathway nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response elements (ARE) are being deciphered to explain various molecular pathways involved in diabetes. Dietary factors are known to influence diabetes, and many natural dietary factors have been studied to improve diabetes. Honey is primarily rich in carbohydrates and is also abundant in flavonoids and phenolic acids; thus, it is a promising therapeutic antioxidant for various disorders. Various research has indicated that honey has strong wound-healing properties and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral effects; thus, it is a promising antidiabetic agent. The potential antidiabetic mechanisms of honey were proposed based on its major constituents. This review focuses on the various prospects of using honey as an antidiabetic agent and the potential insights.
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41
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Brown M, Dainty S, Strudwick N, Mihai AD, Watson JN, Dendooven R, Paton AW, Paton JC, Schröder M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes insulin resistance by inhibiting delivery of newly synthesized insulin receptors to the cell surface. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2597-2629. [PMID: 32877278 PMCID: PMC7851869 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates a signaling network known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here we characterize how ER stress and the UPR inhibit insulin signaling. We find that ER stress inhibits insulin signaling by depleting the cell surface population of the insulin receptor. ER stress inhibits proteolytic maturation of insulin proreceptors by interfering with transport of newly synthesized insulin proreceptors from the ER to the plasma membrane. Activation of AKT, a major target of the insulin signaling pathway, by a cytosolic, membrane-bound chimera between the AP20187-inducible FV2E dimerization domain and the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor was not affected by ER stress. Hence, signaling events in the UPR, such as activation of the JNK mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases or the pseudokinase TRB3 by the ER stress sensors IRE1α and PERK, do not contribute to inhibition of signal transduction in the insulin signaling pathway. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition and genetic ablation of JNKs, as well as silencing of expression of TRB3, did not restore insulin sensitivity or rescue processing of newly synthesized insulin receptors in ER-stressed cells. [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Brown
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Dainty
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Strudwick
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Adina D. Mihai
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie N. Watson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Robina Dendooven
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- North East England Stem Cell Institute (NESCI), Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, United Kingdom
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42
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Mustapic M, Tran J, Craft S, Kapogiannis D. Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers Track Cognitive Changes Following Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:489-498. [PMID: 30958348 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas intranasal insulin is an experimental treatment in clinical trials. We previously proposed insulin signaling mediators in plasma neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biomarkers of brain insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We sought to demonstrate the capacity of neuronal-enriched EV biomarkers to demonstrate target engagement in response to intranasal insulin and their ability to track treatment-associated cognitive changes in AD. METHODS We isolated neuronal-enriched EVs from plasma samples of participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or probable AD involved in a 4-month duration placebo-controlled clinical trial of 20 or 40 IU intranasal insulin. We measured insulin signaling mediators as biomarkers and examined treatment-associated changes and their relationship with cognitive performance (ADAS-Cog). RESULTS There were no EV biomarker changes from baseline in any of the treatment groups. In participants treated with 20 IU insulin, EV biomarkers of insulin resistance (pS312-IRS-1, pY-IRS-1) showed strong positive correlations with ADAS-Cog changes, especially in ApoE ɛ4 non-carriers. CONCLUSION Neuronal EV biomarkers of insulin resistance (pS312-IRS-1, pY-IRS-1) were associated with cognitive changes in response to low dose intranasal insulin suggesting engagement of the insulin cascade in neurons of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mustapic
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joyce Tran
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin shares a limited physiological concentration range with other endocrine hormones. Not only too low, but also too high systemic insulin levels are detrimental for body functions. MAIN BODY The physiological function and clinical relevance of insulin are usually seen in association with its role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, insulin is an anabolic hormone which stimulates a large number of cellular responses. Not only too low, but also excess insulin concentrations are detrimental to the physiological balance. Although the glucoregulatory activity of insulin is mitigated during hyperinsulinemia by dampening the efficiency of insulin signaling ("insulin resistance"), this is not the case for most other hormonal actions of insulin, including the promotion of protein synthesis, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation; the inhibition of lipolysis, of autophagy-dependent cellular turnover, and of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-dependent antioxidative; and other defense mechanisms. Hence, there is no general insulin resistance but selective impairment of insulin signaling which causes less glucose uptake from the blood and reduced activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Because of the largely unrestricted insulin signaling, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease and decreases health span and life expectancy. In epidemiological studies, high-dose insulin therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Randomized controlled trials of insulin treatment did not observe any effect on disease risk, but these trials only studied low insulin doses up to 40 IU/day. Proof for a causal link between elevated insulin levels and cardiovascular disease risk comes from Mendelian randomization studies comparing individuals with genetically controlled low or high insulin production. CONCLUSIONS The detrimental actions of prolonged high insulin concentrations, seen also in cell culture, argue in favor of a lifestyle that limits circadian insulin levels. The health risks associated with hyperinsulinemia may have implications for treatment regimens used in type 2 diabetes.
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44
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P P, Tomar A, Madhwal S, Mukherjee T. Immune Control of Animal Growth in Homeostasis and Nutritional Stress in Drosophila. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1528. [PMID: 32849518 PMCID: PMC7416612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of research implicates the brain and fat body (liver equivalent) as central players in coordinating growth and nutritional homeostasis in multicellular animals. In this regard, an underlying connection between immune cells and growth is also evident, although mechanistic understanding of this cross-talk is scarce. Here, we explore the importance of innate immune cells in animal growth during homeostasis and in conditions of nutrient stress. We report that Drosophila larvae lacking blood cells eclose as small adults and show signs of insulin insensitivity. Moreover, when exposed to dietary stress of a high-sucrose diet (HSD), these animals are further growth retarded than normally seen in regular animals raised on HSD. In contrast, larvae carrying increased number of activated macrophage-like plasmatocytes show no defects in adult growth when raised on HSD and grow to sizes almost comparable with that seen with regular diet. These observations imply a central role for immune cell activity in growth control. Mechanistically, our findings reveal a surprising influence of immune cells on balancing fat body inflammation and insulin signaling under conditions of homeostasis and nutrient overload as a means to coordinate systemic metabolism and adult growth. This work integrates both the cellular and humoral arm of the innate immune system in organismal growth homeostasis, the implications of which may be broadly conserved across mammalian systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi P
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Tomar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sukanya Madhwal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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45
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Tanataweethum N, Zhong F, Trang A, Lee C, Cohen RN, Bhushan A. Towards an Insulin Resistant Adipose Model on a Chip. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 14:89-99. [PMID: 33643468 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose tissue and adipocytes are primary regulators of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Defects in insulin sensitivity of the adipocytes predispose the body to insulin resistance (IR) that could lead to diabetes. However, the mechanisms mediating adipocyte IR remain elusive, which emphasizes the need to develop experimental models that can validate the insulin signaling pathways and discover new mechanisms in the search for novel therapeutics. Currently in vitro adipose organ-chip devices show superior cell function over conventional cell culture. However, none of these models represent disease states. Only when these in vitro models can represent both healthy and disease states, they can be useful for developing therapeutics. Here, we establish an organ-on-chip model of insulin-resistant adipocytes, as well as characterization in terms of insulin signaling pathway and lipid metabolism. Methods We differentiated, maintained, and induced insulin resistance into primary adipocytes in a microfluidic organ-on-chip. We then characterized IR by looking at the insulin signaling pathway and lipid metabolism, and validated by studying a diabetic drug, rosiglitazone. Results We confirmed the presence of insulin resistance through reduction of Akt phosphorylation, Glut4 expression, Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake. We also confirmed defects of disrupted insulin signaling through reduction of lipid accumulation from fatty acid uptake and elevation of glycerol secretion. Testing with rosiglitazone showed a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and fatty acid metabolism as suggested by previous reports. Conclusions The adipose-chip exhibited key characteristics of IR and can serve as model to study diabetes and facilitate discovery of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Tanataweethum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Franklin Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Allyson Trang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
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46
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Entwisle SW, Martinez Calejman C, Valente AS, Lawrence RT, Hung CM, Guertin DA, Villén J. Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analysis of Brown Adipocytes Reveals That RICTOR Loss Dampens Global Insulin/AKT Signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1104-1119. [PMID: 32234964 PMCID: PMC7338085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity represents a promising therapy for overcoming metabolic diseases. mTORC2 is important for regulating BAT metabolism, but its downstream targets have not been fully characterized. In this study, we apply proteomics and phosphoproteomics to investigate the downstream effectors of mTORC2 in brown adipocytes. We compare wild-type controls to isogenic cells with an induced knockout of the mTORC2 subunit RICTOR (Rictor-iKO) by stimulating each with insulin for a 30-min time course. In Rictor-iKO cells, we identify decreases to the abundance of glycolytic and de novo lipogenesis enzymes, and increases to mitochondrial proteins as well as a set of proteins known to increase upon interferon stimulation. We also observe significant differences to basal phosphorylation because of chronic RICTOR loss including decreased phosphorylation of the lipid droplet protein perilipin-1 in Rictor-iKO cells, suggesting that RICTOR could be involved with regulating basal lipolysis or droplet dynamics. Finally, we observe mild dampening of acute insulin signaling response in Rictor-iKO cells, and a subset of AKT substrates exhibiting statistically significant dependence on RICTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Entwisle
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Anthony S Valente
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert T Lawrence
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Judit Villén
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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47
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Diaz-Vegas A, Sanchez-Aguilera P, Krycer JR, Morales PE, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Cifuentes M, Rothermel BA, Lavandero S. Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction a Common Root of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases? Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5807952. [PMID: 32179913 PMCID: PMC7255501 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is implicated as a major contributing factor for a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. Here, we discuss the role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular and whole-organism homeostasis, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial dysfunction, and the role of this phenomenon in noncommunicable chronic diseases. We also review the state of the art regarding the preclinical evidence associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function and the development of current mitochondria-targeted therapeutics to treat noncommunicable chronic diseases. Finally, we give an integrated vision of how mitochondrial damage is implicated in these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Aguilera
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Merry TL, Hedges CP, Masson SW, Laube B, Pöhlmann D, Wueest S, Walsh ME, Arnold M, Langhans W, Konrad D, Zarse K, Ristow M. Partial impairment of insulin receptor expression mimics fasting to prevent diet-induced fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2080. [PMID: 32350271 PMCID: PMC7190665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive insulin signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) may play a role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced metabolic disease, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we investigate whether heterozygous impairment of insulin receptor (IR) expression limited to peripheral, i.e. non-CNS, tissues of adult mice impacts the development of high-fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration. While exhibiting some features of insulin resistance, PerIRKO+/− mice display a hepatic energy deficit accompanied by induction of energy-sensing AMPK, mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARα, unexpectedly leading to protection from, and reversal of hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis hepatis, NAFLD). Consistently, and unlike in control mice, the PPARα activator fenofibrate fails to further affect hepatic lipid accumulation in PerIRKO+/− mice. Taken together, and opposing previously established diabetogenic features of insulin resistance, incomplete impairment of insulin signaling may mimic central aspects of calorie restriction to limit hepatic lipid accumulation during conditions of metabolic stress. Hyper-insulinemia associated with excess calorie intake may cause metabolic dysfunction. Here the authors report that mice with partially reduced insulin receptor expression in peripheral tissues are protected from and experience reversal of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland. .,Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Chris P Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stewart W Masson
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beate Laube
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Pöhlmann
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Walsh
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Myrtha Arnold
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Food and Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Food and Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Zarse
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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49
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Festuccia WT. Regulation of Adipocyte and Macrophage Functions by mTORC1 and 2 in Metabolic Diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1900768. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William T. Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 05508000 Brazil
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50
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Acute Insulin Resistance and Rapid Alterations in Neuronal Derived Blood Exosome Concentration After Branched Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 59:457-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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