1
|
Collier JJ, Wasserfall CH, Brehm MA, Karlstad MD. Partial remission of type 1 diabetes: Do immunometabolic events define the honeymoon period? Diabetes Obes Metab 2025. [PMID: 40432367 DOI: 10.1111/dom.16480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 05/07/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Partial clinical remission in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) refers to a transient phase of improved glucose control following diagnosis. During this period, endogenous islet β-cells continue to produce and secrete insulin, resulting in lower exogenous insulin requirements and improved glycaemic status. Partial remission is often described colloquially as the 'honeymoon phase', a period lasting from months to years which is heterogeneous across patient groups. In this review, we discuss the immunometabolic events that may control the duration of the partial remission period by highlighting how glucose metabolism supports immune cell-driven inflammatory and autoimmune events. We thus propose that precise control of blood glucose within a healthy range delays the deleterious consequences that arise from autoimmune mechanisms within pancreatic islets, ultimately leading to the extension of the honeymoon phase. We further discuss data supporting the notion that managing blood glucose effectively also improves islet β-cell mass, function and maturity markers. Collectively, these paradigms help explain the success of recent clinical trial outcomes and offer novel opportunities to intervene in future study designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng Y, Wan S, Yuan Z, Yang H. Integrating Spatial and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Data to Assess the Effects of Intrauterine Hyperglycemia on Fetal Pancreatic Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2025:e2411126. [PMID: 40387171 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202411126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) can lead to adverse fetal outcomes, including lasting impacts on pancreatic development. However, the specific impacts of maternal PGDM on cellular functions and intercellular communication within the fetal pancreas remain poorly understood. Here, single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics (ST) are employed to investigate cellular responses and spatial changes in the fetal pancreas (E16.5 and E18.5) under maternal PGDM conditions. The findings reveal significant cellular heterogeneity among acinar and beta cells, along with pronounced metabolic stress responses. More importantly, decreased insulin secretion is observed and accompanied by the compensatory increase of Pdx1, Nkx6.2, and Mafa, and substantial alterations in cell-cell communication across multiple cell types. ST analysis further highlights enhanced spatial enrichment in cellular niches exposed to maternal PGDM. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fetal pancreatic response to maternal PGDM and offer a detailed spatiotemporal perspective on these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zan Yuan
- Annoroad Gene Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100176, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, 100034, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang LK, Kong CC, Yu TY, Sun HS, Yang L, Sun Y, Li MY, Wang W. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and forkhead box protein O1 inhibition mediate palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. World J Diabetes 2025; 16:95431. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.95431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Studies have suggested that β-cell dedifferentiation is one of the pathogeneses of β-cell dysfunction, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Most studies of β-cell dedifferentiation rely on rodent models and human pathological specimens. The development of in vitro systems can facilitate the exploration of β-cell dedifferentiation.
AIM To investigate the molecular mechanism of β-cell dedifferentiation. Hence, an in vitro model of β-cell dedifferentiation induced by palmitic acid and high glucose was established using the INS-1 832/13 cell line.
METHODS The study was further analyzed using RNA-sequencing, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.
RESULTS Results showed that the treatment of palmitic acid and high glucose significantly up-regulated β-cell forbidden genes and endocrine precursor cell marker genes, and down-regulated the expression of β-cell specific markers. Data showed that dedifferentiated INS-1 cells up-regulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes. Moreover, the results also showed that forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) inhibition potentiated genetic changes in β-cell dedifferentiation induced by palmitic acid and high glucose.
CONCLUSION ER stress is sufficient to trigger β-cell dedifferentiation and is necessary for palmitic acid and high glucose-induced β-cell dedifferentiation. Foxo1 inhibition can further enhance these phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chu-Chu Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting-Yan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui-Song Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Equipment and Materials, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jing S, Zhenhai C, Xiao H, Chunhan L, Wanlin W, Xuting S, Han Y, Xiaoyu Z, Meiying J. Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula Modulates Glycolipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes via Pyroptosis: Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2025; 39:e70077. [PMID: 40219662 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.70077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, with pyroptosis emerging as a key contributor to β-cell loss. Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula (JTTF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown clinical efficacy in T2DM management, but its mechanism linking pyroptosis remains unexplored. This study integrates UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and in vivo experiments to elucidate JTTF's anti-diabetic mechanisms. UPLC-MS/MS identified 441 compounds in JTTF, predominantly alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids. Network pharmacology revealed JTTF's multi-target effects on T2DM-associated pyroptosis, particularly via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. In diabetic mice, JTTF dose-dependently reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, while restoring pancreatic β-cell morphology. Mechanistically, JTTF suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, downregulated Caspase-1 and GSDMD expression, and attenuated IL-1β/IL-18 release. Notably, this study provides the first evidence of JTTF's anti-pyroptotic effects in T2DM, highlighting its unique ability to modulate glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory cell death concurrently. These findings underscore JTTF's translational promise for preserving β-cell function and suggest future exploration of non-classical pyroptosis pathways. Our work bridges traditional medicine and molecular pharmacology, paving the way for clinical trials and integrative T2DM therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jing
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Cui Zhenhai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chunhan
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Wang Wanlin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Song Xuting
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Han
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Xiaoyu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Meiying
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang F, Zhang Z, Fu H, Sun J, Zhang J, Wang Q. β-Cell Dedifferentiation in HOMA-βlow and HOMA-βhigh Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025; 110:e1430-e1438. [PMID: 39133811 PMCID: PMC12012814 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT β-Cell dedifferentiation ratio is increased in type 2 diabetes; but its direct link to in vivo β-cell function in human remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate whether β-cell dedifferentiation in situ was closely associated with β-cell function in vivo and to identify targets crucial for β-cell dedifferentiation/function in human. METHODS We acquired homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) values, calculated the number of hormone-negative endocrine cells, and evaluated important markers and novel candidates for β-cell dedifferentiation/function on paraneoplastic pancreatic tissues from 13 patients with benign pancreatic cystic neoplasm or intrapancreatic accessory spleen. RESULTS Both the β-cell dedifferentiation ratio and the dedifferentiation marker (Aldh1a3) were inversely related to in vivo β-cell function (HOMA-β) and in situ β-cell functional markers Glut2 and Ucn3 in humans. Moreover, the islets from HOMA-βlow subjects were manifested as (1) increased β-cell dedifferentiation ratio, (2) enriched dedifferentiation maker Aldh1a3, and (3) lower expression of Glut2 and Ucn3 compared with those from HOMA-βhigh subjects. We found that basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 (Bach2) expression was significantly induced in islets from HOMA-βlow patients and was positively correlated with the ratio of β-cell dedifferentiation in humans. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the contribution of β-cell dedifferentiation to β-cell dysfunction in humans. Bach2 induction in β-cells with higher frequency of dedifferentiation observed in HOMA-βlow subjects reinforces its distinctive role as a pharmaceutical target of β-cell dedifferentiation for the treatment of people with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyun Kang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai United Family Hospital, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qidi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walker EM, Pearson GL, Lawlor N, Stendahl AM, Lietzke A, Sidarala V, Zhu J, Stromer T, Reck EC, Li J, Levi-D’Ancona E, Pasmooij MB, Hubers DL, Renberg A, Mohamed K, Parekh VS, Zhang IX, Thompson B, Zhang D, Ware SA, Haataja L, Qi N, Parker SCJ, Arvan P, Yin L, Kaufman BA, Satin LS, Sussel L, Stitzel ML, Soleimanpour SA. Retrograde mitochondrial signaling governs the identity and maturity of metabolic tissues. Science 2025; 388:eadf2034. [PMID: 39913641 PMCID: PMC11985298 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is a hallmark of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, yet the consequences of compromised mitochondria in metabolic tissues are often unclear. In this work, we report that dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control engages a retrograde (mitonuclear) signaling program that impairs cellular identity and maturity in β cells, hepatocytes, and brown adipocytes. Targeted deficiency throughout the mitochondrial quality control pathway, including genome integrity, dynamics, or turnover, impaired the oxidative phosphorylation machinery, activating the mitochondrial integrated stress response, eliciting chromatin remodeling, and promoting cellular immaturity rather than apoptosis to yield metabolic dysfunction. Pharmacologic blockade of the integrated stress response in vivo restored β cell identity after the loss of mitochondrial quality control. Targeting mitochondrial retrograde signaling may therefore be promising in the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Walker
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gemma L. Pearson
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Lawlor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ava M. Stendahl
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne Lietzke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sidarala
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Stromer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emma C. Reck
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elena Levi-D’Ancona
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mabelle B. Pasmooij
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dre L. Hubers
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Renberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kawthar Mohamed
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vishal S. Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irina X. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah A. Ware
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen C. J. Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leslie S. Satin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael L. Stitzel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Scott A. Soleimanpour
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong A, Alejandro EU. Post translational modification regulation of transcription factors governing pancreatic β-cell identity and functional mass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2025; 16:1562646. [PMID: 40134803 PMCID: PMC11932907 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1562646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the insulin-secreting β-cells is a key hallmark of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the natural history of the progression of T2D, factors such as genetics, early life exposures, lifestyle, and obesity dictate an individual's susceptibility risk to disease. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and increased demand for insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. Studies in both mouse and human islets have implicated the β-cell's ability to compensate through proliferation and survival (increasing functional β-cell mass) as a tipping point toward the development of disease. A growing body of evidence suggests the reduction of β-cell mass in T2D is driven majorly by loss of β-cell identity, rather than by apoptosis alone. The development and maintenance of pancreatic β-cell identity, function, and adaptation to stress is governed, in part, by the spatiotemporal expression of transcription factors (TFs), whose activity is regulated by signal-dependent post-translational modifications (PTM). In this review, we examine the role of these TFs in the developing pancreas and in the mature β-cell. We discuss functional implications of post-translational modifications on these transcription factors' activities and how an understanding of the pathways they regulate can inform therapies to promoteβ-cell regeneration, proliferation, and survival in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Wong
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cinti F, Mezza T, Severi I, Moffa S, Giuseppe GD, Capece U, Ciccarelli G, Soldovieri L, Brunetti M, Morciano C, Gugliandolo S, Senzacqua M, Avolio A, Quero G, Tondolo V, Nista EC, Moroni R, Cinti S, Alfieri S, Gasbarrini A, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A. In humans increase in intrapancreatic adipose tissue predicts beta-cell dedifferentiation score before diabetes onset: A pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2025; 221:112029. [PMID: 39938572 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of intrapancreatic fat (WAT) in the development of T2D remains debated. In T2D, β-cell dedifferentiation is one of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell failure but its role in prediabetes is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relation between WAT and β-cell dedifferentiation prior to diabetes onset. METHODS We evaluated pancreatic samples from patients without history of diabetes, who had previously undergone an oral glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp. Subjects were divided into 3 glucose tolerance groups: normal (NGT), altered (IGT) or newly diagnosed diabetes (nDM). Dedifferentiation and WAT% were morphologically assessed. RESULTS WAT was higher in nDM patients compared to NGT and IGT (WAT nDM 43.79 ± 20.83 %, IGT 10.67 ± 8.5 %, NGT 4.43 ± 4.37 %). We observed a progressive increase in dedifferentiation score, in parallel with worsening glucose tolerance (from NGT to IGT to nDM; 4.8 ± 3.8; 32.37 ± 7.4; 40.38 ± 19 respectively). A strong linear regression established that WAT could statistically significantly predict dedifferentiated β-cells (R = 0.86, p = 0.005), and that the predicted increase in dedifferentiated β-cells was 1.25 points for every extra one-point change in WAT. Interestingly, the WAT and dedifferentiation score variable pair were significantly related to 1-hour post-load glycemia. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of WAT might be responsible for dedifferentiation, making it a potential new target to curb diabetes onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy; Pancreas Unit CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Pancreas Unit CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Umberto Capece
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Laura Soldovieri
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Michela Brunetti
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Cassandra Morciano
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Medicina Interna - Università degli Studi di Brescia Brescia BS Italy
| | - Shawn Gugliandolo
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Center of Obesity Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Adriana Avolio
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tondolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Pancreas Unit CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | | | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Center of Obesity Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Chirurgia Digestiva, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Pancreas Unit CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan LS, Lau HH, Abdelalim EM, Khoo CM, O'Brien RM, Tai ES, Teo AKK. The role of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in glucose homeostasis and its potential for diabetes therapy. Trends Mol Med 2025; 31:152-164. [PMID: 39426930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC)1 and G6PC2 are crucial for glucose metabolism, regulating processes like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis. Despite their structural and functional similarities, G6PC1 and G6PC2 exhibit distinct tissue-specific expression patterns, G6P hydrolysis kinetics, and physiological functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their enzymology and distinct roles in glucose homeostasis. We examine how inactivating mutations in G6PC1 lead to glycogen storage disease, and how elevated G6PC1 and G6PC2 expression can affect the incidence of diabetic complications, risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and various cancers. We also discuss the potential of inhibiting G6PC1 and G6PC2 to protect against complications from elevated blood glucose levels, and highlight drug development efforts targeting G6PC1 and G6PC2, and the therapeutic potential of inhibitors for disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Laboratory of Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Modeling, Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Program (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Program (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Program (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krivova Y, Proshchina A, Otlyga D, Kharlamova A, Saveliev S. Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2025; 15:125. [PMID: 39860066 PMCID: PMC11766825 DOI: 10.3390/life15010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is related to the autoimmune destruction of β-cells, leading to their almost complete absence in patients with longstanding T1D. However, endogenous insulin secretion persists in such patients as evidenced by the measurement of plasma C-peptide. Recently, a low level of insulin has been found in non-β islet cells of patients with longstanding T1D, indicating that other islet cell types may contribute to persistent insulin secretion. The present study aimed to test the ability of various antibodies to detect insulin in insulin-deficient islets of T1D patients. Pancreatic autopsies from two children with recent-onset T1D, two adults with longstanding T1D, and three control subjects were examined using double immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies to insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Immunoreactivity to insulin in glucagon+ cells of insulin-deficient islets was revealed using polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies simultaneously recognizing insulin and proinsulin. Along with this, immunoreactivity to insulin was observed in the majority of glucagon+ cells of insulin-containing islets of control subjects and children with recent-onset T1D. These results suggest that islet α-cells may contain insulin and/or other insulin-like proteins (proinsulin, C-peptide). Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of α-cells in insulin secretion and diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (A.P.); (D.O.); (A.K.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao H, Zhou B. Lineage tracing of pancreatic cells for mechanistic and therapeutic insights. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2025:S1043-2760(24)00330-8. [PMID: 39828453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 12/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Recent advances in lineage-tracing technologies have significantly improved our understanding of pancreatic cell biology, particularly in elucidating the ontogeny and regenerative capacity of pancreatic cells. A deeper appreciation of the mechanisms underlying pancreatic cell identity and plasticity holds the potential to inform the development of new therapeutic modalities for conditions such as diabetes and pancreatitis. With this goal in mind, here we summarize advances, challenges, and future directions in tracing pancreatic cell origins and fates using lineage-tracing technologies. Given their essential role for blood glucose regulation, we pay particular attention on the insights gained from endocrine cells, especially β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- CAS CEMCS-CUHK Joint Laboratories, New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- CAS CEMCS-CUHK Joint Laboratories, New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia CC, Venkat A, McQuaid DC, Agabiti S, Tong A, Cardone RL, Starble R, Sogunro A, Jacox JB, Ruiz CF, Kibbey RG, Krishnaswamy S, Muzumdar MD. Beta cells are essential drivers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.11.29.626079. [PMID: 39677599 PMCID: PMC11642786 DOI: 10.1101/2024.11.29.626079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine-exocrine crosstalk plays a key role in normal physiology and disease. For instance, endocrine islet beta (β) cell secretion of insulin or cholecystokinin (CCK) promotes progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), an exocrine cell-derived tumor. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern endocrine-exocrine signaling in tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. We find that β cell ablation impedes PDAC development in mice, arguing that the endocrine pancreas is critical for exocrine tumorigenesis. Conversely, obesity induces β cell hormone dysregulation, alters CCK-dependent peri-islet exocrine cell transcriptional states, and enhances islet proximal tumor formation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, in silico latent-space archetypal and trajectory analysis, and genetic lineage tracing in vivo reveal that obesity stimulates postnatal immature β cell expansion and adaptation towards a pro-tumorigenic CCK+ state via JNK/cJun stress-responsive signaling. These results define endocrine-exocrine signaling as a driver of PDAC development and uncover new avenues to target the endocrine pancreas to subvert exocrine tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim JY, Lee J, Kim SG, Kim NH. Recent Glycemia Is a Major Determinant of β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:1135-1146. [PMID: 38889769 PMCID: PMC11621653 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Progressive deterioration of β-cell function is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to investigate the relative contributions of clinical factors to β-cell function in T2DM. METHODS In a T2DM cohort of 470 adults (disease duration 0 to 41 years), β-cell function was estimated using insulinogenic index (IGI), disposition index (DI), oral disposition index (DIO), and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B) derived from a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The relative contributions of age, sex, disease duration, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (at the time of the OGTT), area under the curve of HbA1c over time (HbA1c AUC), coefficient of variation in HbA1c (HbA1c CV), and antidiabetic agents use were compared by standardized regression coefficients. Longitudinal analyses of these indices were also performed. RESULTS IGI, DI, DIO, and HOMA-B declined over time (P<0.001 for all). Notably, HbA1c was the most significant factor affecting IGI, DI, DIO, and HOMA-B in the multivariable regression analysis. Compared with HbA1c ≥9%, DI was 1.9-, 2.5-, 3.7-, and 5.5-fold higher in HbA1c of 8%-<9%, 7%-<8%, 6%-<7%, and <6%, respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors (P<0.001). Conversely, β-cell function was not affected by the type or duration of antidiabetic agents, HbA1c AUC, or HbA1c CV. The trajectories of the IGI, DI, DIO, and HOMA-B mirrored those of HbA1c. CONCLUSION β-Cell function declines over time; however, it is flexible, being largely affected by recent glycemia in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:951-966. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Jin W, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao X, Wang Y, Sun L, Piao C. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive autophagy by Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula via a CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway contributes to protect pancreatic β-cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118440. [PMID: 38885916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiedu Tongluo Tiaogan Formula (JTTF), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, exhibits the potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and excessive autophagy, which are the risk factors for the abnormal development and progression of β cells. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to assess the effect of JTTF on pancreatic glucotoxicity by inhibiting ERS and excessive autophagy, for which db/db mice and INS-1 insulinoma cells were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of the JTTF was analyzed by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Diabetic (db/db) mice were treated with distilled water or JTTF (2.4 and 7.2 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Furthermore, INS-1 cells induced by high glucose (HG) levels were treated with or without JTTF (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) for 48 h to elucidate the protective mechanism of JTTF on glucose toxicity. The experimental methods included an oral glucose tolerance test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and acridine orange staining. RESULT 28 chemical components of JTTF were identified. Additionally, treatment with JTTF significantly decreased the severity of glycemic symptoms in the db/db mice. Moreover, the treatment partially restored glucose homeostasis in the db/db mice and protected the pancreatic β-cell function. JTTF protected INS-1 cells from HG injury by upregulating GSIS and PDX1, MafA mRNA expression. Further, treatment with JTTF downregulated GRP78 and ATF6 expression, whereas it inhibited Beclin-1 and LC3 activation. The treatment protected the cells from HG-induced ERS and excessive autophagy by downregulating the CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present study findings show that JTTF may protects β-cells by inhibiting the CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway, which deepens our understanding of the effectiveness of JTTF as a treatment strategy against T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital (Fu Tian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Jin
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Han Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital (Fu Tian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of traditional Chinese medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital (Fu Tian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gorelov R, Hochedlinger K. A cellular identity crisis? Plasticity changes during aging and rejuvenation. Genes Dev 2024; 38:823-842. [PMID: 39293862 PMCID: PMC11535162 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351728.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Cellular plasticity in adult multicellular organisms is a protective mechanism that allows certain tissues to regenerate in response to injury. Considering that aging involves exposure to repeated injuries over a lifetime, it is conceivable that cell identity itself is more malleable-and potentially erroneous-with age. In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the available evidence that cells undergo age-related shifts in identity, with an emphasis on those that contribute to age-associated pathologies, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on reported instances of programs associated with dedifferentiation, biased differentiation, acquisition of features from alternative lineages, and entry into a preneoplastic state. As some of the most promising approaches to rejuvenate cells reportedly also elicit transient changes to cell identity, we further discuss whether cell state change and rejuvenation can be uncoupled to yield more tractable therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gorelov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA;
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu L, Ke W, Li H, Li F, Fan G, Kuang J, Ma J, Zhang X, Ji B, Li S, Du Y, Xue Y, Lyu Z, Gao L, Qu S, Shi Y, Yan L, Deng W, Xu C, Dai P, Xu L, Liu J, Wan X, Wei G, Yu S, Hong S, Zhang P, Huang Z, Cao X, Liao Z, Xiao H, Mu Y, Handelsman Y, Li Y. Intense simplified strategy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients with severe hyperglycaemia: multicentre, open label, randomised trial. BMJ 2024; 387:e080122. [PMID: 39406449 PMCID: PMC11474422 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the intense simplified strategy, which comprises short term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) followed by subsequent oral antihyperglycaemic regimens, could improve long term glycaemic outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycaemia. DESIGN Multicentre, open label, randomised trial. SETTING 15 hospitals in China between December 2017 and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS 412 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and significant hyperglycaemia (HbA1c ≥8.5%). INTERVENTIONS All randomised participants initially received SIIT for 2-3 weeks, followed by linagliptin 5 mg/day, metformin 1000 mg/day, combination linagliptin plus metformin, or lifestyle modification alone (control) for 48 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the percentage of participants achieving HbA1c <7.0% at week 48 after SIIT. Secondary outcomes included glycaemic control, β cell function, and variations in insulin sensitivity. RESULTS 412 participants were randomised. At baseline, the mean age was 46.8 (standard deviation 11.2) years, mean body mass index was 25.8 (2.9), and mean HbA1c was 11.0% (1.9%). At week 48, 80% (78/97), 72% (63/88), and 73% (69/95) of patients in the linagliptin plus metformin, linagliptin, and metformin groups, respectively, achieved HbA1c <7.0%, compared with 60% (56/93) in the control group (P=0.02 overall; P=0.003 for linagliptin plus metformin versus control; P=0.12 for linagliptin versus control; P=0.09 for metformin versus control). Additionally, 70% (68/97), 68% (60/88), and 68% (65/95) of patients in the linagliptin plus metformin, linagliptin, and metformin group, respectively, achieved HbA1c <6.5% compared with 48% (45/93) in the control group (P=0.005 overall; P=0.005 for linagliptin plus metformin versus control; P=0.01 for linagliptin versus control; P=0.008 for metformin versus control; all were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Thus, compared with the control group, participants in the linagliptin plus metformin group were more likely to achieve HbA1c <7.0% at week 48 (odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 5.65; P=0.005). Moreover, the linagliptin plus metformin group showed the most significant improvement in fasting plasma glucose and β cell function indices. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The intense simplified strategy using subsequent oral therapies post-SIIT, especially the linagliptin plus metformin combination, sustainably improved glycaemic control and β cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycaemia. This approach offers a promising direction for decision making in the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03194945.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liehua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fangping Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Yantian District, Shenzen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guanjie Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Wanjiang District, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Ji
- Clifford Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Li
- Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinghong Du
- The Affiliated Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Gao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of TongJi University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Li Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaoyan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiji Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuesi Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guohong Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yanbing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tong X, Yagan M, Hu R, Nevills S, Doss TD, Stein RW, Balamurugan AN, Gu G. Metabolic Stress Levels Influence the Ability of Myelin Transcription Factors to Regulate β-Cell Identity and Survival. Diabetes 2024; 73:1662-1672. [PMID: 39058602 PMCID: PMC11417441 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is endocrine islet β-cell failure, which can occur via cell dysfunction, loss of identity, and/or death. How each is induced remains largely unknown. We used mouse β-cells deficient for myelin transcription factors (Myt TFs; including Myt1, -2, and -3) to address this question. We previously reported that inactivating all three Myt genes in pancreatic progenitor cells (MytPancΔ) caused β-cell failure and late-onset diabetes in mice. Their lower expression in human β-cells is correlated with β-cell dysfunction, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in MYT2 and MYT3 are associated with a higher risk of T2D. We now show that these Myt TF-deficient postnatal β-cells also dedifferentiate by reactivating several progenitor markers. Intriguingly, mosaic Myt TF inactivation in only a portion of islet β-cells did not result in overt diabetes, but this created a condition where Myt TF-deficient β-cells remained alive while activating several markers of Ppy-expressing islet cells. By transplanting MytPancΔ islets into the anterior eye chambers of immune-compromised mice, we directly show that glycemic and obesity-related conditions influence cell fate, with euglycemia inducing several Ppy+ cell markers and hyperglycemia and insulin resistance inducing additional cell death. These findings suggest that the observed β-cell defects in T2D depend not only on their inherent genetic/epigenetic defects but also on the metabolic load. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Mahircan Yagan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ruiying Hu
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Simone Nevills
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Teri D. Doss
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Roland W. Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Appakalai N. Balamurugan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ferrero E, Masini M, Carli M, Moscato S, Beffy P, Vaglini F, Mattii L, Corti A, Scarselli M, Novelli M, De Tata V. Dopamine-mediated autocrine inhibition of insulin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112294. [PMID: 38838763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to explore the mechanisms underlying the role of dopamine in the regulation of insulin secretion in beta cells. The effect of dopamine on insulin secretion was investigated on INS 832/13 cell line upon glucose and other secretagogues stimulation. Results show that dopamine significantly inhibits insulin secretion stimulated by both glucose and other secretagogues, while it has no effect on the basal secretion. This effect requires the presence of dopamine during incubation with the various secretagogues. Both electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry indicate that in beta cells the D2 dopamine receptor is localized within the insulin granules. Blocking dopamine entry into the insulin granules by inhibiting the VMAT2 transporter with tetrabenazine causes a significant increase in ROS production. Our results confirm that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells through a regulated and precise compartmentalization mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Moscato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", Italy
| | | | | | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", Italy
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research, Italy; CIME (Interdepartmental Centre of Electron Microscopy), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rashwan AM, Abumandour MMA, Kandyel R, Choudhary OP, Soliman RM, El Sharaby A, Nomir AG. Implications of endoplasmic reticulum stress and beta-cell loss in immunodeficient diabetic NRG-Akita mice for understanding monogenic diabetes. Int J Surg 2024; 110:6231-6242. [PMID: 38329104 PMCID: PMC11486971 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunodeficient mice models have become increasingly important as in vivo models engrafted with human cells or tissues for research. The NOD-Rag1 null Ins2 Akita Il2r null (NRG-Akita) mice is a model combined with immunodeficient NRG and monogenic diabetes Akita mice that develop spontaneous hyperglycemia with progressive loss of pancreatic insulin-producing beta-cells with age. This model is one of the monogenic diabetic models, which has been providing a powerful platform for transplantation experiments of stem cells-generated human β-cells. This research aimed to provide insights into the mechanisms underlying this monogenic diabetes, which remains incompletely understood. METHODS Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted on endocrine pancreatic islets to compare NRG wild-type (Wt) controls with NRG-Akita mice. Our investigation focused on assessing the expression of endocrine hormones, transcription factors, proliferation, ER stress, and apoptosis. RESULTS Histological analyses on NRG-Akita mice revealed smaller islets at 6-weeks-old, due to fewer β-cells in the islets, compared to NRG-Wt controls, which further progressed with age. The proliferation rate decreased, and apoptosis was abundant in β-cells in NRG-Akita mice. Interestingly, our mechanistic analyses revealed that β-cells in NRG-Akita mice progressively accumulated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses, leading to a decreased expression of pivotal β-cell transcriptional factor PDX1. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our mechanistic insight into β-cell loss in this model could shed light on essential links between ER stress, proliferation, and cell identity, which might open the door to new therapeutic strategies for various diseases since ER stress is one of the most common features not only in diabetes but also in other degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - Ramadan Kandyel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Om P. Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Rampura Phul, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rofaida M. Soliman
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oota M. Preserving insulin function in diabetes: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:416. [PMID: 39242549 PMCID: PMC11380200 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This case report explores the long-term dynamics of insulin secretion and glycemic control in two patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 over 20 years. The observations underscore the impact of lifestyle interventions, including weight loss and calorie restriction, on insulin secretion patterns and glucose levels during 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests. Additionally, the role of hemoglobin A1c fluctuations, influenced by various factors such as body weight, exercise, and pharmacological interventions, is investigated. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 involves a Japanese woman now in her late 70s who successfully maintained her hemoglobin A1c below 7% for over two decades through sustained weight loss and lifestyle changes. Despite a gradual decline in the homeostasis model assessment of β cell function, the patient exhibited remarkable preservation of insulin secretion patterns over the 20-year follow-up. In case 2, a Japanese woman, now in her early 70s, experienced an improvement in hemoglobin A1c to 6.3% after a period of calorie limitation due to a wrist fracture in 2018. This incident seemed to trigger a temporary rescue of pancreatic β cell function, emphasizing the dynamic nature of insulin secretion. Both cases highlight the potential for pancreatic β cell rescue and underscore the persistence of insulin secretion over the 20-year follow-up. Additionally, we have briefly discussed three additional cases with follow-ups ranging from 10 to 17 years, demonstrating similar trends in glucose and insulin ratios. CONCLUSIONS Long-term lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss and calorie restriction, can preserve pancreatic β cell function and maintain glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients over 20 years. Two patients showed stable or improved insulin secretion and favorable hemoglobin A1c levels, challenging the traditional view of irreversible β cell decline. The findings highlight the importance of personalized, nonpharmacological approaches, suggesting that sustained lifestyle changes can significantly impact diabetes management and potentially rescue β cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Oota
- Oota Internal Medicine and Dental Clinic, 13-3, Hassamu, Nishi Ku, Sapporo, 063-0833, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Niu F, Liu W, Ren Y, Tian Y, Shi W, Li M, Li Y, Xiong Y, Qian L. β-cell neogenesis: A rising star to rescue diabetes mellitus. J Adv Res 2024; 62:71-89. [PMID: 37839502 PMCID: PMC11331176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose, is caused by various degrees of insulin resistance and dysfunctional insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia. The loss and failure of functional β-cells are key mechanisms resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM OF REVIEW Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure, and exploring approaches for β-cell neogenesis to reverse β-cell dysfunction may provide novel strategies for DM therapy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Emerging studies reveal that genetic susceptibility, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, islet inflammation, and protein modification linked to multiple signaling pathways contribute to DM pathogenesis. Over the past few years, replenishing functional β-cell by β-cell neogenesis to restore the number and function of pancreatic β-cells has remarkably exhibited a promising therapeutic approach for DM therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms of β-cell failure in DM, highlight the effective approaches for β-cell neogenesis, as well as discuss the current clinical and preclinical agents research advances of β-cell neogenesis. Insights into the challenges of translating β-cell neogenesis into clinical application for DM treatment are also offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Niu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhen Shi
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Medical Research Center, the affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou Z, Gong M, Pande A, Margineanu A, Lisewski U, Purfürst B, Zhu H, Liang L, Jia S, Froehler S, Zeng C, Kühnen P, Khodaverdi S, Krill W, Röpke T, Chen W, Raile K, Sander M, Izsvák Z. Atypical KCNQ1/Kv7 channel function in a neonatal diabetes patient: Hypersecretion preceded the failure of pancreatic β-cells. iScience 2024; 27:110291. [PMID: 39055936 PMCID: PMC11269803 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
KCNQ1/Kv7, a low-voltage-gated K+ channel, regulates cardiac rhythm and glucose homeostasis. While KCNQ1 mutations are associated with long-QT syndrome and type2 diabetes, its function in human pancreatic cells remains controversial. We identified a homozygous KCNQ1 mutation (R397W) in an individual with permanent neonatal diabetes melitus (PNDM) without cardiovascular symptoms. To decipher the potential mechanism(s), we introduced the mutation into human embryonic stem cells and generated islet-like organoids (SC-islets) using CRISPR-mediated homology-repair. The mutation did not affect pancreatic differentiation, but affected channel function by increasing spike frequency and Ca2+ flux, leading to insulin hypersecretion. With prolonged culturing, the mutant islets decreased their secretion and gradually deteriorated, modeling a diabetic state, which accelerated by high glucose levels. The molecular basis was the downregulated expression of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study provides a better understanding of the role of KCNQ1 in regulating insulin secretion and β-cell survival in hereditary diabetes pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhou
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maolian Gong
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amit Pande
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Margineanu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lisewski
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Han Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei 23000, China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Sebastian Froehler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchow-Klinikum, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Krill
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - Torsten Röpke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Klemens Raile
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Virchow-Klinikum, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Sander
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hawes EM, Rahim M, Haratipour Z, Orun AR, O'Rourke ML, Oeser JK, Kim K, Claxton DP, Blind RD, Young JD, O'Brien RM. Biochemical and metabolic characterization of a G6PC2 inhibitor. Biochimie 2024; 222:109-122. [PMID: 38431189 PMCID: PMC11661470 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Three glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunits, that hydrolyze glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose and inorganic phosphate, have been identified, designated G6PC1-3, but only G6PC1 and G6PC2 have been implicated in the regulation of fasting blood glucose (FBG). Elevated FBG has been associated with multiple adverse clinical outcomes, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes and various cancers. Therefore, G6PC1 and G6PC2 inhibitors that lower FBG may be of prophylactic value for the prevention of multiple conditions. The studies described here characterize a G6PC2 inhibitor, designated VU0945627, previously identified as Compound 3. We show that VU0945627 preferentially inhibits human G6PC2 versus human G6PC1 but activates human G6PC3. VU0945627 is a mixed G6PC2 inhibitor, increasing the Km but reducing the Vmax for G6P hydrolysis. PyRx virtual docking to an AlphaFold2-derived G6PC2 structural model suggests VU0945627 binds two sites in human G6PC2. Mutation of residues in these sites reduces the inhibitory effect of VU0945627. VU0945627 does not inhibit mouse G6PC2 despite its 84% sequence identity with human G6PC2. Mutagenesis studies suggest this lack of inhibition of mouse G6PC2 is due, in part, to a change in residue 318 from histidine in human G6PC2 to proline in mouse G6PC2. Surprisingly, VU0945627 still inhibited glucose cycling in the mouse islet-derived βTC-3 cell line. Studies using intact mouse liver microsomes and PyRx docking suggest that this observation can be explained by an ability of VU0945627 to also inhibit the G6P transporter SLC37A4. These data will inform future computational modeling studies designed to identify G6PC isoform-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Hawes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zeinab Haratipour
- Austin Peay State University, 601 College St, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Abigail R Orun
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret L O'Rourke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James K Oeser
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Derek P Claxton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ray D Blind
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard M O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang J, Wen S, Chen M, Xie J, Lou X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Zhao M, Shi G. Regulation of endocrine cell alternative splicing revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:778. [PMID: 38937540 PMCID: PMC11211498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalent RNA alternative splicing (AS) contributes to molecular diversity, which has been demonstrated in cellular function regulation and disease pathogenesis. However, the contribution of AS in pancreatic islets during diabetes progression remains unclear. Here, we reanalyze the full-length single-cell RNA sequencing data from the deposited database to investigate AS regulation across human pancreatic endocrine cell types in non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. Our analysis demonstrates the significant association between transcriptomic AS profiles and cell-type-specificity, which could be applied to distinguish the clustering of major endocrine cell types. Moreover, AS profiles are enabled to clearly define the mature subset of β-cells in healthy controls, which is completely lost in T2D. Further analysis reveals that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) and FXR1 family proteins are predicted to induce the functional impairment of β-cells through regulating AS profiles. Finally, trajectory analysis of endocrine cells suggests the β-cell identity shift through dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of β-cells during the progression of T2D. Together, our study provides a mechanism for regulating β-cell functions and suggests the significant contribution of AS program during diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiyi Wen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Lou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihan Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology & Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guojun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology & Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schwartz SS, Herman ME. Gluco-regulation & type 2 diabetes: entrenched misconceptions updated to new governing principles for gold standard management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1394805. [PMID: 38933821 PMCID: PMC11199379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1394805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved dramatically. Advances have upended entrenched dogmas pertaining to the onset and progression of T2D, beliefs that have prevailed from the early era of diabetes research-and continue to populate our medical textbooks and continuing medical education materials. This review article highlights key insights that lend new governing principles for gold standard management of T2D. From the historical context upon which old beliefs arose to new findings, this article outlines evidence and perspectives on beta cell function, the underlying defects in glucoregulation, the remediable nature of T2D, and, the rationale supporting the shift to complication-centric prescribing. Practical approaches translate this rectified understanding of T2D into strategies that fill gaps in current management practices of prediabetes through late type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S. Schwartz
- Main Line Health, Wynnewood, PA, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mary E. Herman
- Social Alchemy: Building Physician Competency Across the Globe, Sacatepéquez, Guatemala
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Patel S, Remedi MS. Loss of β-cell identity and dedifferentiation, not an irreversible process? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414447. [PMID: 38915897 PMCID: PMC11194313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and impaired insulin secretion by the pancreas. While the decline in insulin production and secretion was previously attributed to apoptosis of insulin-producing β-cells, recent studies indicate that β-cell apoptosis rates are relatively low in diabetes. Instead, β-cells primarily undergo dedifferentiation, a process where they lose their specialized identity and transition into non-functional endocrine progenitor-like cells, ultimately leading to β-cell failure. The underlying mechanisms driving β-cell dedifferentiation remain elusive due to the intricate interplay of genetic factors and cellular stress. Understanding these mechanisms holds the potential to inform innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at reversing β-cell dedifferentiation in T2D. This review explores the proposed drivers of β-cell dedifferentiation leading to β-cell failure, and discusses current interventions capable of reversing this process, thus restoring β-cell identity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Deparment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo S, Zheng X, Bao W, Nie S, Ding Y, Yue T, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Li H, Yang Q, Wan Q, Liu B, Xu H, Li G, Xu G, Chen C, Liu H, Shi Y, Zha Y, Kong Y, Su G, Tang Y, Gong M, Ji L, Hou FF, Weng J. Real-world effectiveness of early insulin therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular events in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:154. [PMID: 38844816 PMCID: PMC11156919 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Early insulin therapy is capable to achieve glycemic control and restore β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in these patients remains unclear. In this nationwide real-world study, we analyzed electronic health record data from 19 medical centers across China between 1 January 2000, and 26 May 2022. We included 5424 eligible patients (mean age 56 years, 2176 women/3248 men) who were diagnosed T2D within six months and did not have prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of early insulin therapy (defined as the first-line therapy for at least two weeks in newly diagnosed T2D patients) with the incidence of major cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HF). During 17,158 persons years of observation, we documented 834 incident CHD cases, 719 stroke cases, and 230 hospitalized cases for HF. Newly diagnosed T2D patients who received early insulin therapy, compared with those who did not receive such treatment, had 31% lower risk of incident stroke, and 28% lower risk of hospitalization for HF. No significant difference in the risk of CHD was observed. We found similar results when repeating the aforesaid analysis in a propensity-score matched population of 4578 patients and with inverse probability of treatment weighting models. These findings suggest that early insulin therapy in newly diagnosed T2D may have cardiovascular benefits by reducing the risk of incident stroke and hospitalization for HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China
| | - Yilun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongqiong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijun Wan
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bicheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Renal Department and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongjun Shi
- Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Huizhou, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Guobin Su
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchun Gong
- Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ridout SA, Vellanki P, Nemenman I. A mathematical model for ketosis-prone diabetes suggests the existence of multiple pancreatic β-cell inactivation mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597343. [PMID: 38895272 PMCID: PMC11185683 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus (KPD) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes, which presents much like type 1 diabetes, with dramatic hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. Although KPD patients are initially insulin-dependent, after a few months of insulin treatment, ~ 70% undergo near-normoglycemia remission and can maintain blood glucose without insulin, as in early type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Here, we propose that these phenomena can be explained by the existence of a fast, reversible glucotoxicity process, which may exist in all people but be more pronounced in those susceptible to KPD. We develop a simple mathematical model of the pathogenesis of KPD, which incorporates this assumption, and show that it reproduces the phenomenology of KPD, including variations in the ability for patients to achieve and sustain remission. These results suggest that a variation of our model may be able to quantitatively describe variations in the course of remission among individuals with KPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Ridout
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Initiative in Theory and Modeling of Living Systems, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Priyathama Vellanki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ilya Nemenman
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Initiative in Theory and Modeling of Living Systems, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mbara KC, Fotsing MC, Ndinteh DT, Mbeb CN, Nwagwu CS, Khan R, Mokhetho KC, Baijnath H, Nlooto M, Mokhele S, Leonard CM, Tembu VJ, Tarirai C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction: The potential therapeutic role of dietary flavonoids. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100184. [PMID: 38846008 PMCID: PMC11153890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health burden that is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. In pancreatic β-cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a fact of life that contributes to β-cell loss or dysfunction. Despite recent advances in research, the existing treatment approaches such as lifestyle modification and use of conventional therapeutics could not prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells to abrogate the disease progression. Therefore, targeting ER stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR) in pancreatic β-cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes treatment. Dietary phytochemicals have therapeutic applications in human health owing to their broad spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological activities. Flavonoids, which are commonly obtained from fruits and vegetables worldwide, have shown promising prospects in alleviating ER stress. Dietary flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, fisetin, icariin, apigenin, apigetrin, vitexin, baicalein, baicalin, nobiletin hesperidin, naringenin, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate hesperidin (EGCG), tectorigenin, liquiritigenin, and acacetin have shown inhibitory effects on ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. Dietary flavonoids modulate ER stress signaling components, chaperone proteins, transcription factors, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses to exert their pharmacological effects on pancreatic β-cells ER stress. This review focuses on the role of dietary flavonoids as potential therapeutic adjuvants in preserving pancreatic β-cells from ER stress. Highlights of the underlying mechanisms of action are also presented as well as possible strategies for clinical translation in the management of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley C. Mbara
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Marthe C.D. Fotsing
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Derek T. Ndinteh
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Claudine N. Mbeb
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Chinekwu S. Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Rene Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kopang C. Mokhetho
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Himansu Baijnath
- Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Healthcare Sciences, University of Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Shoeshoe Mokhele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
| | - Carmen M. Leonard
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Parajuli KR, Fonseca VA, Wu H. PAX4 gene delivery improves β-cell function in human islets of Type II diabetes. Regen Med 2024; 19:239-246. [PMID: 39118533 PMCID: PMC11321267 DOI: 10.1080/17460751.2024.2343538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Type II diabetes (T2D) stems from insulin resistance, with β-cell dysfunction as a hallmark in its progression. Studies reveal that β cells undergo apoptosis or dedifferentiation during T2D development. The transcription factor PAX4 is vital for β differentiation and survival, thus may be a potential enhancer of β-cell function in T2D islets. Materials & methods: Human PAX4 cDNA was delivered into T2D human islets with an adenoviral vector, and its effects on β cells were examined. Results: PAX4 gene delivery significantly improved β-cell survival, and increased β-cell composition in the T2D human islets. Basal insulin and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in PAX4-expressing islets were substantially higher than untreated or control-treated T2D human islets. Conclusion: Introduced PAX4 expression in T2D human islets improves β-cell function, thus could provide therapeutic benefits for T2D treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Keshab R Parajuli
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongju Wu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8553,New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Leenders F, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Pancreatic β-Cell Identity Change through the Lens of Single-Cell Omics Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4720. [PMID: 38731945 PMCID: PMC11083883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The main hallmark in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is a decline in functional β-cell mass. This decline is predominantly attributed to β-cell death, although recent findings suggest that the loss of β-cell identity may also contribute to β-cell dysfunction. This phenomenon is characterized by a reduced expression of key markers associated with β-cell identity. This review delves into the insights gained from single-cell omics research specifically focused on β-cell identity. It highlights how single-cell omics based studies have uncovered an unexpected level of heterogeneity among β-cells and have facilitated the identification of distinct β-cell subpopulations through the discovery of cell surface markers, transcriptional regulators, the upregulation of stress-related genes, and alterations in chromatin activity. Furthermore, specific subsets of β-cells have been identified in diabetes, such as displaying an immature, dedifferentiated gene signature, expressing significantly lower insulin mRNA levels, and expressing increased β-cell precursor markers. Additionally, single-cell omics has increased insight into the detrimental effects of diabetes-associated conditions, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation, on β-cell identity. Lastly, this review outlines the factors that may influence the identification of β-cell subpopulations when designing and performing a single-cell omics experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (F.L.); (E.J.P.d.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang X, Zhang Y, Miao R, Zhang Y, Yin R, Guan H, Huang X, Tian J. Single-cell sequencing: A promising approach for uncovering the characteristic of pancreatic islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116292. [PMID: 38394848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing is a novel and rapidly advancing high-throughput technique that can be used to investigating genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics at a single-cell level. Currently, single-cell sequencing can not only be used to draw the pancreatic islet cells map and uncover the characteristics of cellular heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes, but can also be used to label and purify functional beta cells in pancreatic stem cells, improving stem cells and islet organoids therapies. In addition, this technology helps to analyze islet cell dedifferentiation and can be applied to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarize the development and process of single-cell sequencing, describe the potential applications of single-cell sequencing in the field of type 2 diabetes, and discuss the prospects and limitations of single-cell sequencing to provide a new direction for exploring the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and finding therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046013, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rothberg A, Lean M, Laferrère B. Remission of type 2 diabetes: always more questions, but enough answers for action. Diabetologia 2024; 67:602-610. [PMID: 38189935 PMCID: PMC10904507 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of type 2 diabetes remission is evolving rapidly, and gaining wide public and professional interest, following demonstration that with substantial intentional weight loss almost nine in ten people with type 2 diabetes can reduce their HbA1c level below the diagnostic criterion (48 mmol/mol [6.5%]) without glucose-lowering medications, and improve all features of the metabolic syndrome. Pursuing nomoglycaemia with older drugs was dangerous because of the risk of side effects and hypoglycaemia, so the conventional treatment target was an HbA1c concentration of 53 mmol/mol (7%), meaning that diabetes was still present and allowing disease progression. Newer agents may achieve a normal HbA1c safely and, by analogy with treatments that send cancers or inflammatory diseases into remission, this might also be considered remission. However, although modern glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and related medications are highly effective for weight loss and glycaemic improvement, and generally safe, many people do not want to take drugs indefinitely, and their cost means that they are not available across much of the world. Therefore, there are strong reasons to explore and research dietary approaches for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. All interventions that achieve sustained weight loss of >10-15 kg improve HbA1c, potentially resulting in remission if sufficient beta cell capacity can be preserved or restored, which occurs with loss of the ectopic fat in liver and pancreas that is found with type 2 diabetes. Remission is most likely with type 2 diabetes of short duration, lower HbA1c and a low requirement for glucose-lowering medications. Relapse is likely with weight regain and among those with a poor beta cell reserve. On current evidence, effective weight management should be provided to all people with type 2 diabetes as soon as possible after diagnosis (or even earlier, at the stage of prediabetes, defined in Europe, Australasia, Canada [and most of the world] as ≥42 and <48 mmol/mol [≥6.0 and <6.5%], and in the USA as HbA1c ≥39 and <48 mmol/mol [≥5.7 and <6.5%]). Raising awareness among people with type 2 diabetes and their healthcare providers that remission is possible will enable earlier intervention. Weight loss of >10 kg and remission lasting 1-2 years may also delay vascular complications, although more evidence is needed. The greatest challenge for research is to improve long-term weight loss maintenance, defining cost-effective approaches tailored to the preferences and needs of people living with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Rothberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Lean
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Division of Endocrinology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patel S, Yan Z, Remedi MS. Intermittent fasting protects β-cell identity and function in a type-2 diabetes model. Metabolism 2024; 153:155813. [PMID: 38307325 PMCID: PMC10985623 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is caused by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin secretion deficiency and insulin resistance. Chronic hyperglycemia induces β-cell dysfunction, loss of β-cell mass/identity and β-cell dedifferentiation. Intermittent fasting (IF) a commonly used dietary regimen for weight-loss, also induces metabolic benefits including reduced blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, reduced adiposity, inflammation, oxidative-stress and increased fatty-acid oxidation; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects in pancreatic β-cells remain elusive. KK and KKAy, mouse models of polygenic T2DM spontaneously develop hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, glucosuria, impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. To determine the long-term effects of IF on T2DM, 6-weeks old KK and KKAy mice were subjected to IF for 16 weeks. While KKAy mice fed ad-libitum demonstrated severe hyperglycemia (460 mg/dL) at 6 weeks of age, KK mice showed blood glucose levels of 230 mg/dL, but progressively became severely diabetic by 22-weeks. Strikingly, both KK and KKAy mice subjected to IF showed reduced blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, decreased body weight gain, reduced plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved insulin sensitivity. They also demonstrated enhanced expression of the β-cell transcription factors NKX6.1, MAFA and PDX1, and decreased expression of ALDH1a3 suggesting protection from loss of β-cell identity by IF. IF normalized glucose stimulated insulin secretion in islets from KK and KKAy mice, demonstrating improved β-cell function. In addition, hepatic steatosis, gluconeogenesis and inflammation was decreased particularly in KKAy-IF mice, indicating peripheral benefits of IF. These results have important implications as an optional intervention for preservation of β-cell identity and function in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Maria S Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America; Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lei X, Ishida E, Yoshino S, Matsumoto S, Horiguchi K, Yamada E. Calorie Restriction Using High-Fat/Low-Carbohydrate Diet Suppresses Liver Fat Accumulation and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dedifferentiation in Obese Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:995. [PMID: 38613031 PMCID: PMC11013071 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, pancreatic β-cells gradually lose their ability to secrete insulin with disease progression. β-cell dysfunction is a contributing factor to diabetes severity. Recently, islet cell heterogeneity, exemplified by β-cell dedifferentiation and identified in diabetic animals, has attracted attention as an underlying molecular mechanism of β-cell dysfunction. Previously, we reported β-cell dedifferentiation suppression by calorie restriction, not by reducing hyperglycemia using hypoglycemic agents (including sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors), in an obese diabetic mice model (db/db). Here, to explore further mechanisms of the effects of food intake on β-cell function, db/db mice were fed either a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet (db-HC) or a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (db-HF) using similar calorie restriction regimens. After one month of intervention, body weight reduced, and glucose intolerance improved to a similar extent in the db-HC and db-HF groups. However, β-cell dedifferentiation did not improve in the db-HC group, and β-cell mass compensatory increase occurred in this group. More prominent fat accumulation occurred in the db-HC group livers. The expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism, mainly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ, differed significantly between groups. In conclusion, the fat/carbohydrate ratio in food during calorie restriction in obese mice affected both liver lipid metabolism and β-cell dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emi Ishida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen H, Guo J, Cai Y, Zhang C, Wei F, Sun H, Cheng C, Liu W, He Z. Elucidation of the anti-β-cell dedifferentiation mechanism of a modified Da Chaihu Decoction by an integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117481. [PMID: 38007164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Da Chaihu decoction (MDCH) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that has been used in the clinic to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous studies have confirmed that MDCH improves glycemic and lipid metabolism, enhances pancreatic function, and alleviates insulin resistance in patients with T2D and diabetic rats. Evidence has demonstrated that MDCH protects pancreatic β cells via regulating the gene expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Dedifferentiation of pancreatic β cells mediated by FOXO1 has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of T2D. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of MDCH on T2D in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS To predict the key targets of MDCH in treating T2D, network pharmacology methods were used. A T2D model was induced in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Glucose metabolism indicators (oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test), lipid metabolism indicators (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidative stress indicators (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde), and hematoxylin and eosin staining were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MDCH on T2D. Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of FOXO1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6.1), octamer-binding protein 4 (OCT4), neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), insulin, and SIRT1, and Western blot analysis of insulin, SIRT1, and FOXO1 were performed to investigate the mechanism by which MDCH inhibited pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation. RESULTS The chemical ingredients identified in MDCH were predicted to be important for signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, including lipids in atherosclerosis, the advanced glycation end product receptor of the advanced glycation end product signaling pathway, and the FOXO signaling pathway. Experimental studies showed that MDCH improved glucose and lipid metabolism in T2D mice, alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress damage, and reduced pancreatic pathological damage. Furthermore, MDCH upregulated the expression levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, PDX1, and NKX6.1, while downregulating the expression levels of OCT4 and Ngn3, which indicated that MDCH inhibited pancreatic dedifferentiation of β cells. CONCLUSIONS MDCH has therapeutic effects on T2D, through regulating the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway to inhibit pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation, which has not been reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fudong Wei
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhongchen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijng Hepingli Hospital, NO.18th Hepingli North Street, Beijing, 100013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Venter P, Ramharack P, Muller CJF. Pancreatic beta cell regenerative potential of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. Aqueous stem bark extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117374. [PMID: 37944876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. is endemic to Africa and has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus. Moreover, its pharmacological efficacy has been confirmed experimentally using in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes. However, the effects of Z. chalybeum extracts and its major constituent compounds on beta cell and islet regeneration are not clear. Further, the mechanisms associated with observed antidiabetic effects at the beta cell level are not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We determined the beta cell regenerative efficacy of Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extract, identified the chemical compounds in Z. chalybeum aqueous stem bark extracts and explored their putative mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the Z. chalybeum extract was achieved using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thereafter, molecular interactions of the compounds with beta cell regeneration targets were evaluated via molecular docking. In vitro, effects of the extract on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were investigated in RIN-5F beta cells exposed to palmitate or streptozotocin. In vivo, pancreas tissue sections from streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats treated with Z. chalybeum extract were stained for insulin, glucagon, pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) and Ki-67. RESULTS Based on ligand target and molecular docking interactions diosmin was identified as a dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) inhibitor. In vitro, Z. chalybeum augmented cell viability and cell proliferation while in palmitate-pre-treated cells, the extract significantly increased cell activity after 72 h. In vivo, although morphometric analysis showed decreased islet and beta cell size and density, observation of increased Pdx-1 and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in extract-treated islets suggests that Z. chalybeum extract has mild beta cell regenerative potential mediated by increased cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the mitogenic effects observed in vitro, were not robust enough to elicit sufficient recovery of functional beta cell mass in our in vivo model, in the context of a sustained diabetic milieu. However, the identification of diosmin as a potential Dyrk1A inhibitor merits further inquiry into the attendant molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, PO Box 24481, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa; Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Pieter Venter
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Pritika Ramharack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Christo John Frederick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Watanabe H, Asahara SI, Son J, McKimpson WM, de Cabo R, Accili D. Cyb5r3 activation rescues secondary failure to sulfonylurea but not β-cell dedifferentiation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297555. [PMID: 38335173 PMCID: PMC10857566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell failure. The latter involves impaired insulin secretion and β-cell dedifferentiation. Sulfonylurea (SU) is used to improve insulin secretion in diabetes, but it suffers from secondary failure. The relationship between SU secondary failure and β-cell dedifferentiation has not been examined. Using a model of SU secondary failure, we have previously shown that functional loss of oxidoreductase Cyb5r3 mediates effects of SU failure through interactions with glucokinase. Here we demonstrate that SU failure is associated with partial β-cell dedifferentiation. Cyb5r3 knockout mice show more pronounced β-cell dedifferentiation and glucose intolerance after chronic SU administration, high-fat diet feeding, and during aging. A Cyb5r3 activator improves impaired insulin secretion caused by chronic SU treatment, but not β-cell dedifferentiation. We conclude that chronic SU administration affects progression of β-cell dedifferentiation and that Cyb5r3 activation reverses secondary failure to SU without restoring β-cell dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy M. McKimpson
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takahashi H, Ito R, Matsumura Y, Sakai J. Environmental factor reversibly determines cellular identity through opposing Integrators that unify epigenetic and transcriptional pathways. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300084. [PMID: 38013256 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Organisms must adapt to environmental stresses to ensure their survival and prosperity. Different types of stresses, including thermal, mechanical, and hypoxic stresses, can alter the cellular state that accompanies changes in gene expression but not the cellular identity determined by a chromatin state that remains stable throughout life. Some tissues, such as adipose tissue, demonstrate remarkable plasticity and adaptability in response to environmental cues, enabling reversible cellular identity changes; however, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. We hypothesized that positive and/or negative "Integrators" sense environmental cues and coordinate the epigenetic and transcriptional pathways required for changes in cellular identity. Adverse environmental factors such as pollution disrupt the coordinated control contributing to disease development. Further research based on this hypothesis will reveal how organisms adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, such as temperature, extracellular matrix stiffness, oxygen, cytokines, and hormonal cues by changing their cellular identities.
Collapse
Grants
- JP20gm1310007 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP16H06390 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP21H04826 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20H04835 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP20K21747 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP22K18411 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP21K21211 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP19J11909 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJPF2013 Japan Science and Technology Agency
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumura
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Puri S, Maachi H, Nair G, Russ HA, Chen R, Pulimeno P, Cutts Z, Ntranos V, Hebrok M. Sox9 regulates alternative splicing and pancreatic beta cell function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:588. [PMID: 38238288 PMCID: PMC10796970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research, mechanisms underlying the failure of islet beta cells that result in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are still under investigation. Here, we report that Sox9, a transcriptional regulator of pancreas development, also functions in mature beta cells. Our results show that Sox9-depleted rodent beta cells have defective insulin secretion, and aging animals develop glucose intolerance, mimicking the progressive degeneration observed in T2D. Using genome editing in human stem cells, we show that beta cells lacking SOX9 have stunted first-phase insulin secretion. In human and rodent cells, loss of Sox9 disrupts alternative splicing and triggers accumulation of non-functional isoforms of genes with key roles in beta cell function. Sox9 depletion reduces expression of protein-coding splice variants of the serine-rich splicing factor arginine SRSF5, a major splicing enhancer that regulates alternative splicing. Our data highlight the role of SOX9 as a regulator of alternative splicing in mature beta cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Minutia Inc., Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hasna Maachi
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Organoid Systems, Klinikum Rechts der Isar (MRI) and Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Organoid Technology, Helmholtz Munich, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gopika Nair
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Chen
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Pulimeno
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Cutts
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntranos
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Organoid Systems, Klinikum Rechts der Isar (MRI) and Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Organoid Technology, Helmholtz Munich, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ren L, Charbord J, Chu L, Kemas AM, Bertuzzi M, Mi J, Xing C, Lauschke VM, Andersson O. Adjudin improves beta cell maturation, hepatic glucose uptake and glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2024; 67:137-155. [PMID: 37843554 PMCID: PMC10709271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recovering functional beta cell mass is a promising approach for future diabetes therapies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adjudin, a small molecule identified in a beta cell screen using zebrafish, on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes conditions in mice and human spheroids. METHODS In zebrafish, insulin expression was examined by bioluminescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), glucose levels were examined by direct measurements and distribution using a fluorescent glucose analogue, and calcium activity in beta cells was analysed by in vivo live imaging. Pancreatic islets of wild-type postnatal day 0 (P0) and 3-month-old (adult) mice, as well as adult db/db mice (i.e. BKS(D)-Leprdb/JOrlRj), were cultured in vitro and analysed by qPCR, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and whole mount staining. RNA-seq was performed for islets of P0 and db/db mice. For in vivo assessment, db/db mice were treated with adjudin and subjected to analysis of metabolic variables and islet cells. Glucose consumption was examined in primary human hepatocyte spheroids. RESULTS Adjudin treatment increased insulin expression and calcium response to glucose in beta cells and decreased glucose levels after beta cell ablation in zebrafish. Adjudin led to improved beta cell function, decreased beta cell proliferation and glucose responsive insulin secretion by decreasing basal insulin secretion in in vitro cultured newborn mouse islets. RNA-seq of P0 islets indicated that adjudin treatment resulted in increased glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, as well as downstream signalling pathways involved in insulin secretion. In islets from db/db mice cultured in vitro, adjudin treatment strengthened beta cell identity and insulin secretion. RNA-seq of db/db islets indicated adjudin-upregulated genes associated with insulin secretion, membrane ion channel activity and exocytosis. Moreover, adjudin promoted glucose uptake in the liver of zebrafish in an insulin-independent manner, and similarly promoted glucose consumption in primary human hepatocyte spheroids with insulin resistance. In vivo studies using db/db mice revealed reduced nonfasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance and strengthened beta cell identity after adjudin treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Adjudin promoted functional maturation of immature islets, improved function of dysfunctional islets, stimulated glucose uptake in liver and improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Thus, the multifunctional drug adjudin, previously studied in various contexts and conditions, also shows promise in the management of diabetic states. DATA AVAILABILITY Raw and processed RNA-seq data for this study have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE235398 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE235398 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lianhe Chu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tanday N, Tarasov AI, Moffett RC, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Pancreatic islet cell plasticity: Pathogenic or therapeutically exploitable? Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:16-31. [PMID: 37845573 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of pancreatic islet endocrine cells is a tightly regulated process leading to the generation of distinct cell types harbouring different hormones in response to small changes in environmental stimuli. Cell differentiation is driven by transcription factors that are also critical for the maintenance of the mature islet cell phenotype. Alteration of the insulin-secreting β-cell transcription factor set by prolonged metabolic stress, associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity or pregnancy, results in the loss of β-cell identity through de- or transdifferentiation. Importantly, the glucose-lowering effects of approved and experimental antidiabetic agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics, novel peptides and small molecules, have been associated with preventing or reversing β-cell dedifferentiation or promoting the transdifferentiation of non-β-cells towards an insulin-positive β-cell-like phenotype. Therefore, we review the manifestations of islet cell plasticity in various experimental settings and discuss the physiological and therapeutic sides of this phenomenon, focusing on strategies for preventing β-cell loss or generating new β-cells in diabetes. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning islet cell plasticity is a prerequisite for more targeted therapies to help prevent β-cell decline in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tanday
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrei I Tarasov
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cao X, Chen N, Li Y. Editorial: Beta cell function and diabetes remission. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1298101. [PMID: 38161979 PMCID: PMC10754965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1298101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliatted Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gündoğdu H, Avcı U, Başaran M, Gürün E. The Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e50712. [PMID: 38234946 PMCID: PMC10792595 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the pre and post-treatment pancreatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of type II diabetes patients with control subjects, and also to evaluate its effectiveness in evaluating the response to treatment. METHODS The study included 35 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 35 non-diabetic participants, matched for sex and age. Insulin and metformin treatment was given to the patients. Abdominal diffusion-weighted MR imaging was performed before and after the treatment. ADCs of the control group and patients pre and post-treatment were compared. In addition, the clinical parameters of the patients related to diabetes were recorded. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the median pancreatic ADC values of the patients pre and post-treatment. While there was a significant difference between the median pancreatic ADC values of the patient and the control groups before the treatment, no significant difference after the treatment was observed. There was a positive correlation between mean pancreatic ADC values and age, as well as a negative correlation with Hb1Ac level and eGFR. CONCLUSION Pancreatic ADC values of newly diagnosed type II diabetes patients can be used as a marker of pancreatic function in the evaluation of response to treatment and clinical decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uğur Avcı
- Endocrinology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, TUR
| | | | - Enes Gürün
- Radiology, Samsun University, Samsun, TUR
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hou X, Chen Y, Zhou B, Tang W, Ding Z, Chen L, Wu Y, Yang H, Du C, Yang D, Ma G, Cao H. Talin-1 inhibits Smurf1-mediated Stat3 degradation to modulate β-cell proliferation and mass in mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:709. [PMID: 37903776 PMCID: PMC10616178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass and reduced insulin expression are key events in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Here we demonstrate the high expression of Talin-1 in β-cells and that deficiency of Talin-1 reduces β-cell proliferation, which leads to reduced β-cell mass and insulin expression, thus causing glucose intolerance without affecting peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice. High-fat diet fed exerbates these phenotypes. Mechanistically, Talin-1 interacts with the E3 ligase smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1), which prohibits ubiquitination of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) mediated by Smurf1, and ablation of Talin-1 enhances Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of Stat3, leading to decreased β-cell proliferation and mass. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of Talin-1 and Stat3 genes, but not that of either gene, in β-cell in mice significantly impairs glucose tolerance and insulin expression, indicating that both factors indeed function in the same genetic pathway. Finally, inducible deletion Talin-1 in β-cell causes glucose intolerance in adult mice. Collectively, our findings reveal that Talin-1 functions as a crucial regulator of β-cell mass, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yangshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Litong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital; Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment; The Institute of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mathisen AF, Abadpour S, Legøy TA, Paulo JA, Ghila L, Scholz H, Chera S. Global proteomics reveals insulin abundance as a marker of human islet homeostasis alterations. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14037. [PMID: 37621186 PMCID: PMC10592125 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The variation in quality between the human islet samples represents a major problem for research, especially when used as control material. The assays assessing the quality of human islets used in research are non-standardized and limited, with many important parameters not being consistently assessed. High-throughput studies aimed at characterizing the diversity and segregation markers among apparently functionally healthy islet preps are thus a requirement. Here, we designed a pilot study to comprehensively identify the diversity of global proteome signatures and the deviation from normal homeostasis in randomly selected human-isolated islet samples. METHODS By using Tandem Mass Tag 16-plex proteomics, we focused on the recurrently observed disparity in the detected insulin abundance between the samples, used it as a segregating parameter, and analyzed the correlated changes in the proteome signature and homeostasis by pathway analysis. RESULTS In this pilot study, we showed that insulin protein abundance is a predictor of human islet homeostasis and quality. This parameter is independent of other quality predictors within their acceptable range, thus being able to further stratify islets samples of apparent good quality. Human islets with low amounts of insulin displayed changes in their metabolic and signaling profile, especially in regard to energy homeostasis and cell identity maintenance. We further showed that xenotransplantation into diabetic hosts is not expected to improve the pre-transplantation signature, as it has a negative effect on energy balance, antioxidant activity, and islet cell identity. CONCLUSIONS Insulin protein abundance predicts significant changes in human islet homeostasis among random samples of apparently good quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. Mathisen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Aga Legøy
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lau HH, Krentz NAJ, Abaitua F, Perez-Alcantara M, Chan JW, Ajeian J, Ghosh S, Lee Y, Yang J, Thaman S, Champon B, Sun H, Jha A, Hoon S, Tan NS, Gardner DSL, Kao SL, Tai ES, Gloyn AL, Teo AKK. PAX4 loss of function increases diabetes risk by altering human pancreatic endocrine cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6119. [PMID: 37777536 PMCID: PMC10542369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding variant (p.Arg192His) in the transcription factor PAX4 is associated with an altered risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. In mice, Pax4 is essential for beta cell formation but its role on human beta cell development and/or function is unknown. Participants carrying the PAX4 p.His192 allele exhibited decreased pancreatic beta cell function compared to homozygotes for the p.192Arg allele in a cross-sectional study in which we carried out an intravenous glucose tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. In a pedigree of a patient with young onset diabetes, several members carry a newly identified p.Tyr186X allele. In the human beta cell model, EndoC-βH1, PAX4 knockdown led to impaired insulin secretion, reduced total insulin content, and altered hormone gene expression. Deletion of PAX4 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet-like cells resulted in derepression of alpha cell gene expression. In vitro differentiation of hiPSCs carrying PAX4 p.His192 and p.X186 risk alleles exhibited increased polyhormonal endocrine cell formation and reduced insulin content that can be reversed with gene correction. Together, we demonstrate the role of PAX4 in human endocrine cell development, beta cell function, and its contribution to T2D-risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jun-Wei Chan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jila Ajeian
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunkyeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Swaraj Thaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alokkumar Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shih Ling Kao
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bohuslavova R, Fabriciova V, Smolik O, Lebrón-Mora L, Abaffy P, Benesova S, Zucha D, Valihrach L, Berkova Z, Saudek F, Pavlinkova G. NEUROD1 reinforces endocrine cell fate acquisition in pancreatic development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5554. [PMID: 37689751 PMCID: PMC10492842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
NEUROD1 is a transcription factor that helps maintain a mature phenotype of pancreatic β cells. Disruption of Neurod1 during pancreatic development causes severe neonatal diabetes; however, the exact role of NEUROD1 in the differentiation programs of endocrine cells is unknown. Here, we report a crucial role of the NEUROD1 regulatory network in endocrine lineage commitment and differentiation. Mechanistically, transcriptome and chromatin landscape analyses demonstrate that Neurod1 inactivation triggers a downregulation of endocrine differentiation transcription factors and upregulation of non-endocrine genes within the Neurod1-deficient endocrine cell population, disturbing endocrine identity acquisition. Neurod1 deficiency altered the H3K27me3 histone modification pattern in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, which resulted in gene regulatory network changes in the differentiation pathway of endocrine cells, compromising endocrine cell potential, differentiation, and functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Valeria Fabriciova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Smolik
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Laura Lebrón-Mora
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Berkova
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Diabetes Centre, Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 25250, Vestec, Czechia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu L, Li Y, Zhang X. LncRNA LINC01018 Screens Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Regulates β Cell Function Through Modulating miR-499a-5p. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:642-648. [PMID: 37187181 DOI: 10.1055/a-2077-5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, which seriously endangers human health. The dysregulation of lncRNA LINC01018 in T2DM has been noticed in previous studies, but whether it served as a biomarker lacks validation. This study aimed to confirm the abnormal expression of LINC01018 in T2DM and reveals its specific function in regulating pancreatic β cell function. This study enrolled 77 T2DM patients and 41 healthy individuals and compared the plasma LINC01018 levels between two groups using PCR. The pancreatic β cell was induced with 25 mM glucose to mimic cell injury during T2DM. The effects of LINC01018 on β cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and insulin production were evaluated by CCK8, western blotting, and ELISA. Moreover, the involvement of miR-499a-5p was also evaluated with luciferase reporter assay. Increased plasma LINC01018 was observed in T2DM patients compared with healthy individuals, which discriminates patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Upregulated LINC01018 was associated with patients' fasting blood glucose and weight loss. High glucose induced the increasing LINC01018 in pancreatic islet β cells and suppressed cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and promoted cell dedifferentiation. Silencing LINC01018 could alleviate the impaired function of β cells by high glucose, which was reversed by the knockdown by miR-499a-5p. Upregulated LINC01018 served as a potential diagnostic biomarker for T2DM and alleviated high glucose-induced β cell dysfunction via negatively modulating miR-499a-5p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| |
Collapse
|