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Chen L, Tian L, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Yuan W, Zou Y, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zeng P. Updated Insights into Probiotic Interventions for Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Evidence. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2025:10.1007/s12602-025-10554-x. [PMID: 40332670 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-025-10554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease with complex and diverse etiologies. Extrinsic factors such as diet and lifestyle can induce dysbiosis of gut microbes, compromising intestinal barrier integrity and leading to inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby advancing MetS. Probiotic interventions have shown potential in ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating host metabolism by assimilating lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, and producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indole compounds, secondary bile acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and other active ingredients. An increasing number of new strains are being isolated and validated for their effective roles intervening on MetS in animal and population studies. This review aims to provide updated insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of MetS, highlight the newly identified probiotic strains that have demonstrated improvements in MetS, and elucidate their mechanisms of action, with the aim of offering contemporary perspectives for the future use of probiotics in mitigating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvbo Tian
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Yuan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 510070, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yao X, Wang X, Zhang R, Kong L, Fan C, Qian Y. Dysregulated mast cell activation induced by diabetic milieu exacerbates the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4170. [PMID: 40325050 PMCID: PMC12052842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common disorder in diabetes, is associated with severe microenvironment imbalance due to immunometabolic stress. However, the underlying mechanistic drivers remain unclear. Here, we generate a single-cell atlas of human peripheral nerves and identify cell-specific transcriptional changes in DPN as well as aberrant amplification of mast cells. Using streptozotocin-induced mouse diabetes models, we further find that glucose uptake mediated by GLUT3 in high-glucose (HG) diabetic milieu upregulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mouse mast cells. Sustained HG stimulation also induces aberrant mTOR hyperactivity, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial oxidative stress, thereby impairing mitochondrial functions of mast cells. Dysregulated mast cells then degranulate and release histamine, tryptase and inflammatory factors into neural microenvironment to cause neuropathy in diabetic mice. Lastly, mice with mast cell deficiency are protected from the immune imbalance in nerves and progression of neuropathy. Our findings thus implicate dysregulated activation of mast cells as a potential driver in the progression of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yao
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Qian
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Townsend LK, Wang D, Knuth CM, Fayyazi R, Mohammad A, Becker LJ, Tsakiridis EE, Desjardins EM, Patel Z, Valvano CM, Lu J, Payne AE, Itua O, Medak KD, Marko DM, Schertzer JD, Wright DC, Beaudette SM, Morrison KM, Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, MacPherson REK, McCall JG, Jeschke MG, Steinberg GR. GDF15 links adipose tissue lipolysis with anxiety. Nat Metab 2025; 7:1004-1017. [PMID: 40234625 PMCID: PMC12116386 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-025-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
Psychological stress changes both behaviour and metabolism to protect organisms. Adrenaline is an important driver of this response. Anxiety correlates with circulating free fatty acid levels and can be alleviated by a peripherally restricted β-blocker, suggesting a peripheral signal linking metabolism with behaviour. Here we show that adrenaline, the β3 agonist CL316,243 and acute restraint stress induce growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion in white adipose tissue of mice. Genetic inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase or genetic deletion of β-adrenergic receptors blocks β-adrenergic-induced increases in GDF15. Increases in circulating GDF15 require lipolysis-induced free fatty acid stimulation of M2-like macrophages within white adipose tissue. Anxiety-like behaviour elicited by adrenaline or restraint stress is eliminated in mice lacking the GDF15 receptor GFRAL. These data provide molecular insights into the mechanisms linking metabolism and behaviour and suggest that inhibition of GDF15-GFRAL signalling might reduce acute anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly M Knuth
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russta Fayyazi
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad Mohammad
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Léa J Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zeel Patel
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celina M Valvano
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice E Payne
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ofure Itua
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel M Marko
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shawn M Beaudette
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Makassy D, Williams K, Karwi QG. The Evolving Role of Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming in Obesity. Can J Cardiol 2025:S0828-282X(25)00320-4. [PMID: 40311669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2025.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Revised: 04/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Recent research has extensively explored the critical role of energy metabolism in shaping the inflammatory response and polarization of macrophages in obesity. This rapidly growing field emphasizes the need to understand the connection between metabolic processes that support macrophage polarization in obesity. Although most published research in this area has focused on glucose and fatty acids, how the flux through other metabolic pathways (such as ketone and amino acid oxidation) in macrophages is altered in obesity is not well defined. This review summarizes the main alterations in uptake, storage, and oxidation of oxidative substrates (glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids) in macrophages and how these alterations are linked to macrophage polarization and contribution to augmented inflammatory markers in obesity. The review also discusses how oxidative substrates could modulate macrophage energy metabolism and inflammatory responses via feeding into other nonoxidative pathways (such as the pentose phosphate pathway, triacylglycerol synthesis/accumulation), via acting as signalling molecules, or via mediating post-translational modifications (such as O-GlcNAcylation or β-hydroxybutyrylation). The review also identifies several critical unanswered questions regarding the characteristics (functional and metabolic) of macrophages from different origins (adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone marrow) in obesity and how these characteristics contribute to early vs late phases of obesity. We also identified a number of new therapeutic targets that could be evaluated in future investigations. Targeting macrophage metabolism in obesity is an exciting and active area of research with significant potential to help identify new treatments to limit the detrimental effects of inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcus Makassy
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kyra Williams
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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5
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Davanzo GG, Castelucci BG, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Menezes Dos Reis L, de Oliveira IB, Fachi JL, Virgilio-da-Silva JV, Berçot MR, Fernandes MF, de Oliveira S, Araujo NVP, Ribeiro G, de Castro G, Costa WLG, Santoro AL, Rodrigues-Luiz GF, do Carmo HRP, Breder I, Mori MA, Farias AS, Martins-de-Souza D, Guarnieri JW, Wallace DC, Vinolo MAR, Proença-Módena JL, Beheshti A, Sposito AC, Moraes-Vieira PM. Obesity-Induced Metabolic Priming Exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 Inflammation. Immunology 2025. [PMID: 40265287 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite the early recognition that individuals living with obesity are more prone to develop adverse outcomes during COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying these conditions are still unclear. During obesity, an accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the circulation promotes low-grade inflammation. Here, we show that FFAs induce epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes, exacerbating their inflammatory profile after SARS-CoV-2 infection, a mechanism named metabolic-primed immunity. Monocytes from people with obesity or primed with palmitate, a central component of circulating FFAs, presented elevated viral load and higher gene expression of IL-6. Palmitate-primed monocytes upregulate fatty acid oxidation and FFAs entry into the mitochondria. FFA-derived acetyl-CoA is then converted into citrate, exiting the mitochondria and is used to support H3K18 histone acetylation, which regulates IL-6 accessibility. Ingestion of palm oil by lean and healthy individuals increased circulating FFAs levels and was sufficient to exacerbate the inflammatory profile of monocytes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings demonstrate that obesity-derived FFAs induce the metabolic priming of monocytes, which exacerbates the inflammatory response observed in people with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Fabiano de Souza
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfanie Primon Muraro
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgilio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Vitoria Pereira Araujo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Webster Leonardo Guimarães Costa
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Leandra Santoro
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Flavia Rodrigues-Luiz
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helison Rafael P do Carmo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ikaro Breder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph W Guarnieri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Space Biomedicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wu D, Eeda V, Maria Z, Rawal K, Wang A, Herlea-Pana O, Babu Undi R, Lim HY, Wang W. Targeting IRE1α improves insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis and suppresses metabolically active adipose tissue macrophages in male obese mice. eLife 2025; 13:RP100581. [PMID: 40244655 PMCID: PMC12005715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition engenders the expansion of adipose tissue and the accumulation of immune cells, in particular, macrophages, in the adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In obesity, several proinflammatory subpopulations of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) identified hitherto include the conventional 'M1-like' CD11C-expressing ATM and the newly discovered metabolically activated CD9-expressing ATM; however, the relationship among ATM subpopulations is unclear. The ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is activated in the adipocytes and immune cells under obesity. It is unknown whether targeting IRE1α is capable of reversing insulin resistance and obesity and modulating the metabolically activated ATMs. We report that pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α RNase significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in male mice with diet-induced obesity. IRE1α inhibition also increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and hence protects against high fat diet-induced obesity. Our study shows that the 'M1-like' CD11c+ ATMs are largely overlapping with but yet non-identical to CD9+ ATMs in obese white adipose tissue. Notably, IRE1α inhibition diminishes the accumulation of obesity-induced metabolically activated ATMs and 'M1-like' ATMs, resulting in the curtailment of adipose inflammation and ensuing reactivation of thermogenesis, without augmentation of the alternatively activated M2 macrophage population. Our findings suggest the potential of targeting IRE1α for the therapeutic treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Zahra Maria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Komal Rawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | | | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
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7
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Vianello E, Beltrami AP, Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Fluca AL, Corsi Romanelli MM, La Sala L, Dozio E. The Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGE)-Receptor for AGE System (RAGE): An Inflammatory Pathway Linking Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3707. [PMID: 40332316 PMCID: PMC12028226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
The AGE (advanced glycation end-products)-RAGE (receptor for AGE) system is a pro-inflammatory pathway that contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular disorders (CVD). Circulating AGE and the soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) has been suggested as a potential biomarker of CVD related to obesity. In this study, we aim to (1) summarize the current knowledge about the role of obesity in the onset and progression of CVD, (2) discuss the role of the AGE-RAGE system as a pathway promoting obesity and linking obesity to CVD, and (3) highlight available strategies for reducing AGE-RAGE system activation and the associated beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (M.M.C.R.); (L.L.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio P. Beltrami
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.A.); (M.J.); (A.L.F.)
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.A.); (M.J.); (A.L.F.)
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra L. Fluca
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.A.); (M.J.); (A.L.F.)
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano M. Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (M.M.C.R.); (L.L.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia La Sala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (M.M.C.R.); (L.L.S.)
- IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (M.M.C.R.); (L.L.S.)
- Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
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8
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Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M, Zandvakili R, Jafarzadeh A. Modulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization by metformin: Implications for inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 151:114345. [PMID: 40024215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Macrophages perform an essential role in the body's defense mechanisms and tissue homeostasis. These cells exhibit plasticity and are categorized into two phenotypes, including classically activated/M1 pro-inflammatory and alternatively activated/M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Functional deviation in macrophage polarization occurs in different pathological conditions that need correction. In addition to antidiabetic impacts, metformin also possesses multiple biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and tissue-regenerative properties. Metformin can influence the polarization of macrophages toward M1 and M2 phenotypes. The ability of metformin to support M2 polarization and suppress M1 polarization could enhance its anti-inflammatory properties and potentiate its protective effects in conditions such as chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and obesity. However, in metformin-treated tumors, the proportion of M2 macrophages is decreased, while the frequency ratio of M1 macrophages is increased, indicating that metformin can modulate macrophage polarization from a pro-tumoral M2 state to an anti-tumoral M1 phenotype in malignancies. Metformin affects macrophage polarization through AMPK-dependent and independent pathways involving factors, such as NF-κB, mTOR, ATF, AKT/AS160, SIRT1, STAT3, HO-1, PGC-1α/PPAR-γ, and NLRP3 inflammasome. By modulating cellular metabolism and apoptosis, metformin can also influence macrophage polarization. This review provides comprehensive evidence regarding metformin's effects on macrophage polarization and the underlying mechanisms. The polarization-inducing capabilities of metformin may provide significant therapeutic applications in various inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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9
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Guan F, Wang R, Yi Z, Luo P, Liu W, Xie Y, Liu Z, Xia Z, Zhang H, Cheng Q. Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:93. [PMID: 40055311 PMCID: PMC11889221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-025-02124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system. They play crucial roles in immune defense, surveillance, and homeostasis. This review systematically discusses the types of hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to macrophages, including primitive hematopoietic progenitors, erythro-myeloid progenitors, and hematopoietic stem cells. These progenitors have distinct genetic backgrounds and developmental processes. Accordingly, macrophages exhibit complex and diverse functions in the body, including phagocytosis and clearance of cellular debris, antigen presentation, and immune response, regulation of inflammation and cytokine production, tissue remodeling and repair, and multi-level regulatory signaling pathways/crosstalk involved in homeostasis and physiology. Besides, tumor-associated macrophages are a key component of the TME, exhibiting both anti-tumor and pro-tumor properties. Furthermore, the functional status of macrophages is closely linked to the development of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic conditions, and trauma. Targeting macrophages has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in these contexts. Clinical trials of macrophage-based targeted drugs, macrophage-based immunotherapies, and nanoparticle-based therapy were comprehensively summarized. Potential challenges and future directions in targeting macrophages have also been discussed. Overall, our review highlights the significance of this versatile immune cell in human health and disease, which is expected to inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyao Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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10
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de Oliveira MP, da Silva LE, Fernandes BB, Steiner MR, Pistóia DG, Santos Cichella TD, Jacinto LB, Spuldaro KM, Pinto Moehlecke Iser B, Rezin GT. The impact of obesity on mitochondrial dysfunction during pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2025; 598:112463. [PMID: 39832615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2025.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in nutrient metabolism, besides being responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of cellular energy. However, the ATP production process is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which excessive accumulation can cause mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction, in turn, causes the accumulation of fatty acids in the adipose tissue, triggering a local inflammatory process that can evolve into systemic inflammation. In women with obesity, an increase in lipid levels in the placental environment is observed. The high presence of fatty acids compromises the structural integrity and mitochondrial membrane, culminating in the release of ROS. This process damages the DNA of placental cells and causes an inflammatory state, affecting metabolic efficiency. This vicious cycle is characterized by defects in mitochondrial ATP production, which can lead to lipid accumulation and inflammation. In pregnant women with obesity, these mitochondrial changes play a determining role in pregnancy outcomes. Hence, the objective of this study was to search the literature to review the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in the maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barros Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol Steiner
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Debora Gehrke Pistóia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tamires Dos Santos Cichella
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luana Bahia Jacinto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karoline Marcondes Spuldaro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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11
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Wong A, Sun Q, Latif II, Karwi QG. Macrophage energy metabolism in cardiometabolic disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2025; 480:1763-1783. [PMID: 39198360 PMCID: PMC11842501 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In a rapidly expanding body of literature, the major role of energy metabolism in determining the response and polarization status of macrophages has been examined, and it is currently a very active area of research. The metabolic flux through different metabolic pathways in the macrophage is interconnected and complex and could influence the polarization of macrophages. Earlier studies suggested glucose flux through cytosolic glycolysis is a prerequisite to trigger the pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages while proposing that fatty acid oxidation is essential to support anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages. However, recent studies have shown that this understanding is oversimplified and that the metabolic control of macrophage polarization is highly complex and not fully defined yet. In this review, we systematically reviewed and summarized the literature regarding the role of energy metabolism in controlling macrophage activity and how that might be altered in cardiometabolic diseases, namely heart failure, obesity, and diabetes. We critically appraised the experimental studies and methodologies in the published studies. We also highlighted the challenging concepts in macrophage metabolism and identified several research questions yet to be addressed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wong
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ismail I Latif
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubaa, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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12
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Li J, Guo C, Yang X, Xie W, Mi W, Hua C, Tang C, Wang H. Effects of natural products on macrophage immunometabolism: A new frontier in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2025; 213:107634. [PMID: 39889866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
Immunometabolic variations in macrophages critically influence their differentiation into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, thereby contributing to immune homeostasis, defense against infection, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of macrophage immunometabolism has been closely implicated in several metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypertension, atherosclerosis, and gout, which positions macrophages as potential therapeutic targets. Recently, several natural products that target macrophage metabolic pathways have shown significant efficacy in managing metabolic diseases; however, a systematic review of these findings has yet to be conducted. This study consolidates natural products with immunoregulatory properties, including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and naphthoquinones, which can alleviate chronic inflammation associated with metabolic disorders by modulating macrophage metabolic pathways, such as aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). This review aims to elucidate the metabolic regulation of the immune system, analyze metabolic alterations in macrophage associated with metabolic diseases, and summarize the beneficial roles of natural products in immunometabolism, providing novel insights for the prevention and therapeutic management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Li
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjing Mi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chenglong Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Beijing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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13
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Scheidl TB, Wager JL, Thompson JA. Adipose Tissue Stromal Cells: Rheostats for Adipose Tissue Function and Metabolic Disease Risk. Can J Cardiol 2025:S0828-282X(25)00137-0. [PMID: 39986382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2025.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025] Open
Abstract
The transition from metabolically healthy obesity to the development of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease is thought to be triggered by a loss in the functional integrity of adipose tissue. Although mature adipocytes are the primary functional units that carry out lipid partitioning in adipose tissue for the promotion of whole-body energy balance, they are supported by a heterogenous collection of nonadipocytes in the stroma. Research over the past couple of decades has expanded perspectives on the homeostatic and pathological roles of the nonadipocyte compartment. Adipose progenitors originate in the embryonic period and drive the developmental adipogenesis that establishes the set point of adiposity. A population of adipocyte progenitors reside in adult depots and serve an important homeostatic role as a reservoir to support adipocyte turnover. Adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity increases the rate of adipocyte death and the ability of progenitors to support this high rate of adipocyte turnover is important for the preservation of the lipid-buffering function of adipose tissue. Some evidence exists to suggest that impaired adipogenesis or a decline in progenitors capable of differentiation is a key event in the development of adipose dysfunction. The efficiency of macrophages to clear the debris and toxic lipids released from dead adipocytes lies at the fulcrum between preservation of adipose function and the progression toward chronic inflammation. Although macrophages in collaboration with other immune cells propagate the inflammation that underlies adipose dysfunction, there is now a greater appreciation for the diverse and unique roles of immune cells within adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Scheidl
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. https://twitter.com/TaylorScheidl
| | - Jessica L Wager
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Thompson
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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14
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Luévano-Martínez LA, Méndez-Fernández A, Rueda-Munguía M, Bonilla-Ruelas D, Brunck MEG, García-Rivas G. Glycerol metabolism is activated in both palmitic acid-stimulated and adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure. J Physiol 2025. [PMID: 39977539 DOI: 10.1113/jp287791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages chronically exposed to saturated fatty acids, such as those encountered in adipose tissue, present a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a characteristic foamy morphology. This feature is caused by the excess uptake of circulating lipids, yielding large cytoplasmic lipid bodies formed by triacylglycerols and cholesteryl derivatives. Palmitic acid (PA) is a potent inflammatory inducer in macrophages after chronic exposure to this fatty acid. However, acute exposure to this fatty acid is unable to activate a pro-inflammatory phenotype, although it is sufficient to induce metabolic reprogramming including the formation of small lipid bodies. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of human monocyte-derived macrophages to unravel the early stages of metabolic reprogramming observed in macrophages exposed to PA. We observed that partial inhibition of the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is necessary for supplying glycerol 3-phosphate for triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we characterized an alternative pathway to increase the concentration of glycerol 3-phosphate involving an aquaporin and glycerol kinase. Our results suggested that early lipid bodies biogenesis rises as a response mechanism to buffer excessive PA without inducing a pro-inflammatory program. Additionally, we observed that macrophages chronically exposed to PA eventually upregulate the production of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, our in vitro observations were confirmed in adipose tissue macrophages derived from a preclinical mouse model of cardiometabolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction characterized by heightened adiposity and inflammation. KEY POINTS: The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is partially inhibited in palmitic acid-activated macrophages. Aquaporin 3 expression is upregulated in macrophages exposed to palmitic acid and in adipose tissue macrophages from a murine model of cardiometabolic heart failure. Aquaporin 3 participates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols by supplying extracellular glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Luévano-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abraham Méndez-Fernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Mayte Rueda-Munguía
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Diana Bonilla-Ruelas
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Marion E G Brunck
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Tecnologico, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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15
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Keskey RC, Xiao J, Hyoju S, Lam A, Kim D, Sidebottom AM, Zaborin A, Dijkstra A, Meltzer R, Thakur A, Zhang K, Chen HJ, Beloborodova NV, Pautova AK, Wolfe K, Patel B, Thewissen R, Zaborina O, Alverdy JC. Enterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice. Nat Microbiol 2025; 10:388-404. [PMID: 39779878 PMCID: PMC11905502 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis. Infection in macrophage-specific aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knockout mice revealed that AhR activation induced transcriptional reprogramming in macrophages and increased bacterial clearance and host survival. However, culture supernatants from multiple bacterial pathogens inhibited AhR activation in vitro. We showed that the secreted siderophore, enterobactin, inhibited AhR activation in vitro and increased sepsis mortality in vivo. By contrast, oral or systemic tryptophan supplementation increased survival. These findings show that sepsis survival depends upon the interplay between pathogen inhibition and the activation of AhR by a microbiota-derived metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Keskey
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jason Xiao
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjiv Hyoju
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Lam
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley M Sidebottom
- Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Zaborin
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne Dijkstra
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Meltzer
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- Prtizker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia V Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa K Pautova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Krysta Wolfe
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bhakti Patel
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Renee Thewissen
- Host-Microbe Metabolomics Facility, Duchossois Family Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga Zaborina
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John C Alverdy
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Jang JH, Sung JH, Huh JY. Diverse Functions of Macrophages in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Bridging Inflammation and Metabolism. Immune Netw 2025; 25:e12. [PMID: 40078789 PMCID: PMC11896663 DOI: 10.4110/in.2025.25.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in immune response and tissue homeostasis, with their functions becoming increasingly complex in obesity-mediated metabolic disorders. This review explores the extensive range of macrophage activities within adipose and liver tissues, emphasizing their contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of obesity and its related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In the context of obesity, macrophages respond adaptively to lipid overloads and inflammatory cues in adipose tissue, profoundly influencing insulin resistance and metabolic homeostasis. Concurrently, their role in the liver extends to moderating inflammation and orchestrating fibrotic responses, integral to the development of MASLD. Highlighting the spectrum of macrophage phenotypes across these metabolic landscapes, we summarize their diverse roles in linking inflammatory processes with metabolic functions. This review advocates for a deeper understanding of macrophage subsets in metabolic tissues, proposing targeted research to harness their therapeutic potential in mitigating MASLD and other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Sung
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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17
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Han SM, Nahmgoong H, Yim KM, Kim JB. How obesity affects adipocyte turnover. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2025; 36:147-160. [PMID: 39095230 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular turnover is fundamental for tissue homeostasis and integrity. Adipocyte turnover, accounting for 4% of the total cellular mass turnover in humans, is essential for adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic stress. In obesity, an altered adipose tissue microenvironment promotes adipocyte death. To clear dead adipocytes, macrophages are recruited and form a distinctive structure known as crown-like structure; subsequently, new adipocytes are generated from adipose stem and progenitor cells in the adipogenic niche to replace dead adipocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that adipocyte death, clearance, and adipogenesis are sophisticatedly orchestrated during adipocyte turnover. In this Review, we summarize our current understandings of each step in adipocyte turnover, discussing its key players and regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mun Han
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Yim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Leader Research Initiatives Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wu D, Eeda V, Maria Z, Rawal K, Wang A, Herlea-Pana O, Undi RB, Lim HY, Wang W. Targeting IRE1α improves insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis and suppresses metabolically active adipose tissue macrophages in male obese mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.07.17.603931. [PMID: 39071288 PMCID: PMC11275733 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition engenders the expansion of adipose tissue and the accumulation of immune cells, in particular, macrophages, in the adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. In obesity, several proinflammatory subpopulations of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) identified hitherto include the conventional "M1-like" CD11C-expressing ATM and the newly discovered metabolically activated CD9-expressing ATM; however, the relationship among ATM subpopulations is unclear. The ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is activated in the adipocytes and immune cells under obesity. It is unknown whether targeting IRE1α is capable of reversing insulin resistance and obesity and modulating the metabolically activated ATMs. We report that pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α RNase significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in male mice with diet-induced obesity. IRE1α inhibition also increases thermogenesis and energy expenditure, and hence protects against high fat diet-induced obesity. Our study shows that the "M1-like" CD11c+ ATMs are largely overlapping with but yet non-identical to CD9+ ATMs in obese white adipose tissue. Notably, IRE1α inhibition diminishes the accumulation of obesity-induced metabolically activated ATMs and "M1-like" ATMs, resulting in the curtailment of adipose inflammation and ensuing reactivation of thermogenesis, without augmentation of the alternatively activated M2 macrophage population. Our findings suggest the potential of targeting IRE1α for the therapeutic treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Venkateswararao Eeda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Zahra Maria
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Komal Rawal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Audrey Wang
- Indian Springs School, 190 Woodward Dr, Pelham, Alabama 35124
| | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Hui-Ying Lim
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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19
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Zhang Q, Yang Z, Ou X, Zhang M, Qin X, Wu G. The role of immunity in insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2025; 15:1464561. [PMID: 39911236 PMCID: PMC11797073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1464561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder of the endocrine system with significant clinical implications, often leading to health complications related to adipose tissue accumulation, including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While the precise pathogenesis of PCOS remains unclear, it is now recognized that genetic, endocrine, and metabolic dysregulations all contribute significantly to its onset. The immunopathogenesis of PCOS has not been extensively explored, but there is growing speculation that immune system abnormalities may play a pivotal role. This chronic inflammatory state is exacerbated by factors such as obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the interplay between IR in PCOS patients, the controlled immune response orchestrated by immune cells and immunomodulatory molecules, and their interactions with adipocytes, hyperandrogenemia, chronic inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyang Ou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gengxiang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Wang RQ, Deng ZM, Chen GT, Dai FF, Xia LB. Obesity and recurrent spontaneous abortion: the crucial role of weight management in pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2025; 23:10. [PMID: 39844265 PMCID: PMC11752768 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2025] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), characterized by the loss of two or more pregnancies, impacts approximately 1-2% of couples and poses a significant challenge for individuals of childbearing age. The precise mechanisms underlying RSA remain incompletely understood. Concurrently, the global prevalence of obesity is on the rise, with obesity being closely associated with female reproductive disorders and infertility. This study initially examines the pathways through which obesity contributes to RSA, encompassing factors such as embryonic euploid miscarriage, endometrial development, immune function, among others. Furthermore, adipokines and the fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) are identified as potential contributors to RSA. The study also explores the enhancement of pregnancy outcomes through various weight management strategies, with a particular focus on the roles of dietary interventions, physical activity, and weight control during pregnancy. Obesity is closely related to RSA in multiple aspects. Additional clinical prospective and experimental studies are required to explore its precise pathogenesis. Through this review, we aim to provide strategies for improvement and treatment approaches for RSA related to obesity. Through this review, we suggest potential clinical management strategies and research avenues aimed at offering enhancements and therapeutic insights for miscarriages linked to obesity and its associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Min Deng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Gan-Tao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China.
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China.
| | - Liang-Bin Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China.
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21
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da Silva Pereira JA, de Souza GP, Virgilio-da-Silva JV, Prodonoff JS, de Castro G, Pimentel LF, Mousovich-Neto F, Davanzo GG, Aguiar CF, Breda CNS, Guereschi MG, Araújo RC, Mori MA, Câmara NOS, Souza DP, Basso AS, Moraes-Vieira PM. LXR regulation of adipose tissue inflammation during obesity is associated with dysregulated macrophage function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33:78-90. [PMID: 39632389 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver X receptors (LXRs) play essential roles in cholesterol homeostasis and immune response. In obesity, elevated cholesterol levels trigger proinflammatory responses; however, the specific contributions of LXRs to adipose tissue (AT) macrophage (ATM) phenotype and metabolic programming are not fully understood. In this study, we determine the role of LXR isoforms in diet-induced obesity AT inflammation and insulin resistance. METHODS For in vivo studies, to evaluate the effects of LXR activation on AT inflammation, obese and insulin-resistant wild-type mice were treated with 10 mg/kg of the LXR modulator naringenin (NAR) for 4 weeks, and systemic insulin sensitivity and AT inflammation were assessed. To evaluate the effects of LXR deficiency on AT inflammation, we used LXRα, LXRβ, and LXRαβ knockout (KO) mice. For in vitro studies, to assess the role of LXRs specifically in macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type, LXRαKO, LXRβKO, and LXRαβKO mice were treated with 0.5μM NAR 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation (100 ng/mL), and the effects on macrophage function and metabolism were evaluated 24 h after LPS stimulation. RESULTS We found that LXR deletion intensifies AT inflammation in an LXRβ-dependent manner. LXR deficiency in immune cells exacerbates obesity-induced AT inflammation, increasing the numbers of CD11c+, TNF-α+, and IL-1β+ ATMs. We also identified NAR as a novel LXR agonist in macrophages that reduces proinflammatory cytokine secretion by mitigating glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS - and LPS + IFNγ-activated macrophages. Furthermore, NAR-treated obese mice display reduced AT inflammation, characterized by decreased CD11c+, IL-1β+, and TNF-α+ ATM numbers and monocyte infiltration compared with vehicle-treated obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights distinct roles for each LXR isoform in AT inflammation regulation, with LXRβ being crucial for maintaining the anti- and proinflammatory balance in ATMs. Thus, LXRβ holds therapeutic potential as a target to treat AT inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerson Profeta de Souza
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João V Virgilio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Prodonoff
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Pimentel
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo G Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane F Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiane N S Breda
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunobiology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcia G Guereschi
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Araújo
- Laboratory of Exercise Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunobiology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diorge P Souza
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandre S Basso
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas Institute of Biology, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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22
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Hajra D, Rajmani RS, Chaudhary AD, Gupta SK, Chakravortty D. Salmonella-induced SIRT1 and SIRT3 are crucial for maintaining the metabolic switch in bacteria and host for successful pathogenesis. eLife 2024; 13:RP93125. [PMID: 39693143 PMCID: PMC11655064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are the major players in host immunometabolic regulation. However, the role of sirtuins in the modulation of the immune metabolism pertaining to salmonellosis is largely unknown. Here, our investigation focussed on the role of two important sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT3, shedding light on their impact on intracellular Salmonella's metabolic switch and pathogenesis establishment. Our study indicated the ability of the live Salmonella Typhimurium to differentially regulate the levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 for maintaining the high glycolytic metabolism and low fatty acid metabolism in Salmonella. Perturbing SIRT1 or SIRT3 through knockdown or inhibition resulted in a remarkable shift in the host metabolism to low fatty acid oxidation and high glycolysis. This switch led to decreased proliferation of Salmonella in the macrophages. Further, Salmonella-induced higher levels of SIRT1 and SIRT3 led to a skewed polarization state of the macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 state toward an immunosuppressive M2, making it more conducive for the intracellular life of Salmonella. Alongside, governing immunological functions by modulating p65 NF-κB acetylation, SIRT1, and SIRT3 also skew Salmonella-induced host metabolic switch by regulating the acetylation status of HIF-1α and PDHA1. Interestingly, though knockdown of SIRT1/3 attenuated Salmonella proliferation in macrophages, in in vivo mice model of infection, inhibition or knockdown of SIRT1/3 led to more dissemination and higher organ burden, which can be attributed to enhanced ROS and IL-6 production. Our study hence reports for the first time that Salmonella modulates SIRT1/3 levels to maintain its own metabolism for successful pathogenesis.
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Grants
- SPM-07/079(0293)/2019-EMR-I (CSIR Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- DAE00195 Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
- DBT-IISC Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, India
- BT/RLF/re-entry/14/2019 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Department of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre of Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Ayushi Devendrasingh Chaudhary
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Shashi Kumar Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
- Adjunct Faculty, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchThiruvananthapuramIndia
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23
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Dahik VD, Kc P, Materne C, Reydellet C, Lhomme M, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Denom J, Bun E, Ponnaiah M, Deknuydt F, Frisdal E, Hardy LM, Durand H, Guillas I, Lesnik P, Gudelj I, Lauc G, Guérin M, Kontush A, Soprani A, Magnan C, Diedisheim M, Bluteau O, Venteclef N, Le Goff W. ABCG1 orchestrates adipose tissue macrophage plasticity and insulin resistance in obesity by rewiring saturated fatty acid pools. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi6682. [PMID: 39661702 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) metabolic adaptation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) are poorly understood. In obese adipose tissue, ATMs are exposed to lipid fluxes, which can influence the activation of specific inflammatory and metabolic programs and contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate that the membrane ATP-binding cassette g1 (Abcg1) transporter controls the ATM functional response to fatty acids (FAs) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which are abundant in high-energy diets. Mice genetically lacking Abcg1 in the myeloid lineage presented an ameliorated inflammatory status in adipose tissue and reduced insulin resistance. Abcg1-deficient ATMs exhibited a less inflammatory phenotype accompanied by a low bioenergetic profile and modified FA metabolism. A closer look at the ATM lipidome revealed a shift in the handling of FA pools, including a redirection of saturated FAs from membrane phospholipids to lipid droplets, leading to a reduction in membrane rigidity and neutralization of proinflammatory FAs. ATMs from human individuals with obesity presented the same reciprocal relationship between ABCG1 expression and this inflammatory and metabolic status. Abolition of this protective, anti-inflammatory phenotype in Abcg1-deficient ATMs was achieved through restoration of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) activity, thus delineating the importance of the Abcg1/Lpl axis in controlling ATM metabolic inflammation. Overall, our study identifies the rewiring of FA pools by Abcg1 as a major pathway orchestrating ATM plasticity and insulin resistance in DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D Dahik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Clément Materne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Canelle Reydellet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica Denom
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Bun
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Deknuydt
- Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (IHU ICAN), ICAN I/O data science (MP), ICAN omics (ML), ICAN BioCell Flow Cytometry (FD), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Frisdal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lise M Hardy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Durand
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maryse Guérin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Générale de Santé (GDS), Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Clinic, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Diedisheim
- Clinique Saint Gatien Alliance (NCT+), 37540 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bluteau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Endocrine and Oncological Biochemistry, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, F-75651 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, F-75013 Paris, France
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24
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Neugebauer J, Raulien N, Arndt L, Akkermann D, Hobusch C, Lindhorst A, Fröba J, Gericke M. The Impact of Resident Adipose Tissue Macrophages on Adipocyte Homeostasis and Dedifferentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13019. [PMID: 39684730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is concurrent with immunological dysregulation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular dysfunction. In pancreatic islets, this loss of function has been correlated with mature β-cells dedifferentiating into a precursor-like state through constant exposure to inflammatory stressors. As mature adipocytes likewise have the capability to dedifferentiate in vitro and in vivo, we wanted to analyze this cellular change in relation to adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activity. Using our organotypic AT explant culture method combined with a double-reporter mouse model for labeling ATMs and mature adipocytes, we were able to visualize and quantify dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells in AT explants. Preliminary testing showed increased dedifferentiation after tamoxifen (TAM) stimulation, making TAM-dependent lineage-tracing models unsuitable for quantification of naturally occurring DFAT cells. The regulatory role of ATMs in adipocyte dedifferentiation was shown through macrophage depletion using Plexxicon 5622 or clodronate liposomes, which significantly increased DFAT cell levels. Subsequent bulk RNA sequencing of macrophage-depleted explants revealed enrichment of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling pathway as well as downregulation of associated genes. Direct stimulation with TNFα decreased adipocyte dedifferentiation, while application of a TNFα-neutralizing antibody did not significantly alter DFAT cell levels. Our findings suggest a regulatory role of resident ATMs in maintaining the mature adipocyte phenotype and preventing excessive adipocyte dedifferentiation. The specific regulatory pathways as well as the impact that DFAT cells might have on ATMs, and vice versa, are subject to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neugebauer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Raulien
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Akkermann
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Janine Fröba
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Schleh MW, Ameka MK, Rodriguez AS, Hasty AH. Deficiency of the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Receptor, CD163, Worsens Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Male Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:1990-2002. [PMID: 39325576 PMCID: PMC11579413 DOI: 10.2337/db24-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation in metabolic organs such as the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle is associated with increased diabetes risk. Tissue-resident macrophages serve multiple roles, including managing inflammatory tone and regulating parenchymal iron homeostasis, thus protecting against metabolic dysfunction upon iron overload. The scavenger receptor CD163 is uniquely present on tissue-resident macrophages and plays a significant role in iron homeostasis by clearing extracellular hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, thereby limiting oxidative damage caused by free hemoglobin in metabolic tissues. We show that the absence of CD163 exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in male mice with obesity. Additionally, loss of CD163 reduced the expression of iron regulatory genes (Tfr1, Cisd1, Slc40a1) in adipose tissue macrophages and anti-inflammatory (M2-like) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, CD163 deficiency mediated a proinflammatory shift and limited hemoglobin scavenging specifically in M2-like BMDMs. To this end, iron buffering was diminished in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) macrophages in vivo, which culminated in iron spillover into adipocytes and CD45+ CD11B- nonmyeloid immune cells in iWAT. These findings show that CD163 on tissue-resident macrophages is critical for their anti-inflammatory and hemoglobin scavenging roles, and its absence results in impaired systemic insulin action in an obese setting. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Male
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Mice
- Obesity/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Haptoglobins/metabolism
- Haptoglobins/genetics
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Iron/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transferrin/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/genetics
- Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Magdalene K. Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alec S. Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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26
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Zhang A, Jiang J, Zhang C, Xu H, Yu W, Zhang ZN, Yuan L, Lu Z, Deng Y, Fan H, Fang C, Wang X, Shao A, Chen S, Li H, Ni J, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhang J, Luan B. Thermogenic Adipocytes Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization through CNNM4-Mediated Mg Secretion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401140. [PMID: 39517124 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
M2 macrophages promote adipose tissue thermogenesis which dissipates energy in the form of heat to combat obesity. However, the regulation of M2 macrophages by thermogenic adipocytes is unclear. Here, it is identified magnesium (Mg) as a thermogenic adipocyte-secreted factor to promote M2 macrophage polarization. Mg transporter Cyclin and CBS domain divalent metal cation transport mediator 4 (CNNM4) induced by ADRB3-PKA-CREB signaling in thermogenic adipocytes during cold exposure mediates Mg efflux and Mg in turn binds to the DFG motif in mTOR to facilitate mTORC2 activation and M2 polarization in macrophages. In obesity, downregulation of CNNM4 expression inhibits Mg secretion from thermogenic adipocytes, which leads to decreased M2 macrophage polarization and thermogenesis. As a result, CNNM4 overexpression in adipocytes or Mg supplementation in adipose tissue ameliorates obesity by promoting thermogenesis. Importantly, an Mg wire implantation (AMI) approach is introduced to achieve adipose tissue-specific long-term Mg supplement. AMI promotes M2 macrophage polarization and thermogenesis and ameliorates obesity in mice. Taken together, a reciprocal regulation of thermogenic adipocytes and M2 macrophages important for thermogenesis is identified, and AMI is offered as a promising strategy against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Junkun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhangming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyou Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Ni
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215513, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Bing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, P. R. China
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27
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Martins VD, Vaz L, Barbosa SC, Paixão PHDM, Torres L, de Oliveira MFA, Oliveira MDA, Vieira LQ, de Faria AMC, Maioli TU. Obesity alters the macrophages' response to Leishmania major in C57BL/6 mice. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:1372-1384. [PMID: 39213305 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is also a predisposing factor for infectious diseases, increasing mortality rates. Moreover, diet-induced obesity can cause metabolic fluctuations that affect macrophage differentiation in various organs. In this sense, we investigated how bone marrow-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages in the skin, which have been differentiated in a host with metabolic syndrome and with previous inflammatory burden, respond to Leishmania major infection. Our findings suggest that bone marrow-derived macrophages from obese C57BL/6 mice, even when cultivated in vitro with inflammatory stimuli, are more susceptible to L. major. These macrophages produce less tumor necrosing factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) and show higher arginase activity. Furthermore, obese mice infected with an intermediate dose of L. major in the skin had more severe lesions when analyzed for ulceration, diameter, thickness, and parasite burden. The increase in lesion severity in obese mice was associated with a higher frequency of tissue-resident macrophages, which are less efficient in killing parasites. We also used CCR2-/- mice, which predominantly have tissue-resident macrophages, and found that lesion resolution was delayed in association with CCR2 deficiency. Additionally, obesity potentiated tissue damage, resulting in higher frequency of tissue-resident macrophages. Our results demonstrate that obesity can alter macrophage responses to infection, leading to increased susceptibility to L. major and more severe cutaneous leishmaniasis. These findings may have important implications for managing obesity-related infections and the development of new therapies for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Dantas Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vaz
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sara Candida Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pierre Henrique de Menezes Paixão
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Licia Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Andrade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-672, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, CEP 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Yang Y, Huang B, Qin Y, Wang D, Jin Y, Su L, Wang Q, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Hu W, Cao Z, Jin L, Zhang F. Adipocyte microRNA-802 promotes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by modulating macrophages in obesity. eLife 2024; 13:e99162. [PMID: 39589393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.99162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is now considered to be a key process underlying metabolic diseases in obese individuals. However, it remains unclear how adipose inflammation is initiated and maintained or the mechanism by which inflammation develops. We found that microRNA-802 (Mir802) expression in adipose tissue is progressively increased with the development of dietary obesity in obese mice and humans. The increasing trend of Mir802 preceded the accumulation of macrophages. Adipose tissue-specific knockout of Mir802 lowered macrophage infiltration and ameliorated systemic insulin resistance. Conversely, the specific overexpression of Mir802 in adipose tissue aggravated adipose inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, Mir802 activates noncanonical and canonical NF-κB pathways by targeting its negative regulator, TRAF3. Next, NF-κB orchestrated the expression of chemokines and SREBP1, leading to strong recruitment and M1-like polarization of macrophages. Our findings indicate that Mir802 endows adipose tissue with the ability to recruit and polarize macrophages, which underscores Mir802 as an innovative and attractive candidate for miRNA-based immune therapy for adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinuo Jin
- NanJing HanKai Academy, Nanjing, China
| | - Linmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, School of life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Köröskényi K, Sós L, Rostás M, Papp AB, Kókai E, Garabuczi É, Deák D, Beke L, Méhes G, Szondy Z. Loss of MER Tyrosine Kinase Attenuates Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Leads to Enhanced Thermogenesis in Mice Exposed to High-Fat Diet. Cells 2024; 13:1902. [PMID: 39594650 PMCID: PMC11593050 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation that originates predominantly from the expanding visceral adipose tissue, in which adipocytes respond to lipid overload with hypertrophy, and consequently die by apoptosis. Recruited adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) take up the excess lipids and remove the dead cells; however, long-term exposure to high concentrations of lipids alters their phenotype to M1-like ATMs that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and resistin leading to insulin resistance and other obesity-related pathologies. Mer tyrosine kinase is expressed by macrophages and by being an efferocytosis receptor, and by suppressing inflammation, we hypothesized that it might play a protective role against obesity. To our surprise, however, the loss of Mer protected mice against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We report in this paper that Mer is also expressed by adipocytes of both white and brown adipose tissues, and while its activity facilitates adipocyte lipid storage both in vitro and in vivo in mice exposed to HFD, it simultaneously attenuates thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue contributing to its 'whitening'. Our data indicate that Mer is one of the adipocyte tyrosine kinase receptors, the activity of which contributes to the metabolic decision about the fate of excess lipids favoring their storage within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Köröskényi
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Sós
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Melinda Rostás
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Albert Bálint Papp
- Doctoral School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.S.); (M.R.); (A.B.P.)
| | - Endre Kókai
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Integrative Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Deák
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Life Science Building, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Lívia Beke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.K.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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30
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Peraza DA, Benito-Salamanca L, Moreno-Estar S, Alonso E, López-López JR, Pérez-Garcia MT, Cidad P. A sex-dependent role of Kv1.3 channels from macrophages in metabolic syndrome. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1487775. [PMID: 39605858 PMCID: PMC11599228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1487775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the foremost single cause of mortality and disability globally. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a higher incidence of CAD, and poorer prognosis. The low-grade inflammation associated to T2DM contributes to increased morbidity and worst outcomes after revascularization. Inflammatory signaling in the vasculature supports endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte infiltration, and macrophage activation to a metabolic disease (MMe) specific phenotype, which could contribute to the metabolic disorders and ascular damage in T2DM. We have previously found that Kv1.3 blockers inhibit the development of intimal hyperplasia, thereby preventing restenosis. This inhibition was enhanced in a mouse model of T2DM, where systemic Kv1.3 blockers administration also improve metabolic dysfunction by acting on unidentified cellular targets other than vascular smooth muscle. Here we characterize the MMe phenotype in our T2DM model with a focus on macrophage Kv1.3 channels, to explore their contribution to vascular disease and their potential role as targets to ameliorate T2DM vascular risk. Methods and Results Male and female BPH mice fed on high-fat diet (HFD) develop metabolic syndrome (MetS) and T2DM. mRNA levels of several K+ channels (KV1.3, KCa3.1, Kir2.1) and macrophage markers (TNFα, NOS2, CD36) were analyzed. The MMe phenotype associated with increased CD36 expression. Channel-specific fingerprinting highlights a gender-specific increase of KV1.3 mRNA fold change in LPS stimulated macrophages from HFD compared to standard diet (SD). KV1.3 functional expression was also significantly increased after LPS stimulation in female HFD macrophages compared to SD. Functional studies showed that macrophage's KV1.3 channels of BPH female mice did not contribute to phagocytosis or metabolic profile but were relevant in cell migration rate. Conclusion Altogether, our data suggest that by inhibiting macrophage infiltration, Kv1.3 blockers could contribute to disrupt the vicious cycle of inflammation and insulin resistance, offering a novel approach to prevent MetS, T2DM and its associated cardiovascular complications in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Peraza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucía Benito-Salamanca
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-Estar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Alonso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - José R. López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Pérez-Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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31
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Wang M, Min M, Duan H, Mai J, Liu X. The role of macrophage and adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1481312. [PMID: 39582861 PMCID: PMC11581950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1481312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a prominent global public health concern, leading to the development of numerous metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), sleep apnea and several system diseases. It is widely recognized that obesity is characterized by a state of inflammation, with immune cells-particularly macrophages-playing a significant role in its pathogenesis through the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of corresponding pathways. In addition to their immune functions, macrophages have also been implicated in lipogenesis. Additionally, the mitochondrial disorders existed in macrophages commonly, leading to decreased heat production. Meantime, adipocytes have mitochondrial dysfunction and damage which affect thermogenesis and insulin resistance. Therefore, enhancing our comprehension of the role of macrophages and mitochondrial dysfunction in both macrophages and adipose tissue will facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets for addressing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Min
- Outpatient Department, The Air Force Hospital of Western Theater, PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haojie Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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32
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Taranto D, Kloosterman DJ, Akkari L. Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:744-767. [PMID: 39354070 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, reaching epidemic levels in recent decades. Often viewed as separate issues, metabolic disorders are shown by mounting evidence to heighten cancer risk and incidence. The intricacies underlying this connection are still being unraveled and encompass a complex interplay between metabolites, cancer cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline the interplay between metabolic and immune cell dysfunction in the context of three highly prevalent metabolic disorders, namely obesity; two associated liver diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and type 2 diabetes. We focus primarily on macrophages and T cells, the critical roles of which in dictating inflammatory response and immune surveillance in metabolic disorder-associated cancers are widely reported. Moreover, considering the ever-increasing number of patients prescribed with metabolism disorder-altering drugs and diets in recent years, we discuss how these therapies modulate systemic and local immune phenotypes, consequently impacting cancer malignancy. Collectively, unraveling the determinants of metabolic disorder-associated immune landscape and their role in fuelling cancer malignancy will provide a framework essential to therapeutically address these highly prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taranto
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu R, Vujić N, Bianco V, Reinisch I, Kratky D, Krstic J, Prokesch A. Lipid-associated macrophages between aggravation and alleviation of metabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:981-995. [PMID: 38705759 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) are phagocytic cells with lipid-handling capacity identified in various metabolic derangements. During disease development, they locate to atherosclerotic plaques, adipose tissue (AT) of individuals with obesity, liver lesions in steatosis and steatohepatitis, and the intestinal lamina propria. LAMs can also emerge in the metabolically demanding microenvironment of certain tumors. In this review, we discuss major questions regarding LAM recruitment, differentiation, and self-renewal, and, ultimately, their acute and chronic functional impact on the development of metabolic diseases. Further studies need to clarify whether and under which circumstances LAMs drive disease progression or resolution and how their phenotype can be modulated to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Xu
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabel Reinisch
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Aging, Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Wolf M, Brochhausen C, Ramakrishnan V, Iberl S, Roth J, Seitz S, Burkhardt R, Stadler SC. Histologic Characterization of Tumor-Adjacent Mammary Adipose Tissue in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3515. [PMID: 39456610 PMCID: PMC11506523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16203515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a risk factor of several types of cancer, including breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to histologically characterize the adipose tissue of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in overweight/obese versus normal-weight patients. Methods: TNBC tissue sections from normal-weight (BMI<25) and overweight/obese patients (BMI≥25) were stained with antibodies against CD68, CD163, CD31, CD34, and vimentin. At the invasive tumor front, positive cells were counted in tumor adjacent adipose tissue (AT) and within cancer tissue (CT). Further, the size of the tumor-adjacent and distant mammary adipocytes was determined in perilipin stained sections. Expression of ANGPTL4, CD36 and FABP4, proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, was analyzed in marginal tumor cells using an immune reactive score. Results: Overweight/obese TNBC patients had significantly larger adipocytes, higher numbers of CD163+ macrophages (BMI<25: 2.80 vs. BMI≥25: 10.45; p = 0.011) and lower numbers of CD31+ (BMI<25: 4.20 vs. BMI≥25: 2.40; p = 0.018) and CD34+ (BMI<25: 14.60 vs. BMI≥25: 5.20; p = 0.045) cells as markers of angiogenesis in the AT as well as a higher frequency of cancer-associated-fibroblast-like cells in the AT and CT (BMI<25: 7.60 vs. BMI≥25: 25.39 in total; p = 0.001). Moreover, expression of CD36 (BMI<25: 2.15 vs. BMI≥25: 2.60; p = 0.041) and ANGPTL4 (BMI<25: 6.00 vs. BMI≥25: 9.80; p = 0.026) was elevated in the TNBC cells of overweight/obese patients. Conclusions: Our data suggest BMI-related changes in the TME of overweight/obese TNBC patients, including hypertrophied adipocytes, reduced vascularization, more M2-like macrophages and CAF-like cells, and an increase in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing proteins in marginal tumor cells, all contributing to a more tumor-promoting, immunosuppressive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Wolf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.B.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 69120 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Regensburg University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Iberl
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.B.)
| | - Jonas Roth
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.B.)
| | - Sonja C. Stadler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (R.B.)
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Hill KB, Mullen GP, Nagareddy PR, Zimmerman KA, Rudolph MC. Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E478-E497. [PMID: 39171752 PMCID: PMC11482221 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00140.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic, with its associated comorbidities and increased risk of early mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhancing our understanding of the origins of this complex disease. It is increasingly clear that metabolism is programmed early in life and that metabolic programming can have life-long health consequences. As a critical metabolic organ sensitive to early-life stimuli, proper development of adipose tissue (AT) is crucial for life-long energy homeostasis. Early-life nutrients, especially fatty acids (FAs), significantly influence the programming of AT and shape its function and metabolism. Of growing interest are the dynamic responses during pre- and postnatal development to proinflammatory omega-6 (n6) and anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n3) FA exposures in AT. In the US maternal diet, the ratio of "pro-inflammatory" n6- to "anti-inflammatory" n3-FAs has grown dramatically due to the greater prevalence of n6-FAs. Notably, AT macrophages (ATMs) form a significant population within adipose stromal cells, playing not only an instrumental role in AT formation and maintenance but also acting as key mediators of cell-to-cell lipid and cytokine signaling. Despite rapid advances in ATM and immunometabolism fields, research has focused on responses to obesogenic diets and during adulthood. Consequently, there is a significant gap in identifying the mechanisms contributing metabolic health, especially regarding lipid exposures during the establishment of ATM physiology. Our review highlights the current understanding of ATM diversity, their critical role in AT, their potential role in early-life metabolic programming, and the broader implications for metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Gregory P Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Wang Z, Wang X, Fu L, Xu S, Wang X, Liao Q, Zhuang T, Liu L, Zhang H, Li W, Xiong A, Gu L, Wang Z, Wang R, Tao F, Yang L, Ding L. Shengmai San formula alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through gut microbiota-derived bile acid promotion of M2 macrophage polarization and thermogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155938. [PMID: 39163753 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengmai San Formula (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used to treat wasting-thirst regarded as diabetes mellitus, which occurs disproportionately in obese patients. Therefore, we investigated whether SMS could be used to treat obesity, and explored possible mechanisms by which it might improve glucose and fat metabolism. METHODS To investigate the effects of SMS on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) model, we studied glucose metabolism via glucose tolerance testing (GTT) and insulin tolerance testing (ITT). Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) was evaluated using H&E staining, along with browning-related gene and protein expression. Changes in bile acid (BA) levels in serum, liver, ileum, and inguinal white adipose tissue were detected by Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). In addition, antimicrobial mixture (ABX) and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiments were used to verify the role of gut flora in the effects produced by SMS on HFD-induced obesity model. RESULTS SMS ameliorated diet-induced dyslipidemia in a dose-dependent manner and reduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in DIO mice, helping to restore energy metabolism homeostasis. SMS significantly altered the structure of intestinal microbiome composition, decreasing the abundance of Lactobacillus carrying bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes and thereby increasing the level of conjugated BAs in the blood, ileum, and iWAT. Increased TCA content promoted the secretion of Slit3 from M2 macrophages in iWAT, which activates the protein kinase A/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (PKA/CaMKII) signaling pathway in sympathetic neurons via the roundabouts receptor 1(ROBO1). This pathway promotes the synthesis and release of norepinephrine (NE), inducing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) release in adipose tissue that activates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (cAMP/PKA/pHSL) pathway and enhances WAT browning. ABX treatment eliminated SMS effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice improved following SMS-FMT and increased the level of serum bile acids. CONCLUSION SMS affects intestinal flora and bile acid composition in vivo and increased TCA promotes M2 macrophage polarization and Slit3 release in adipose tissue. This induces NE release and increases WAT browning in obese mice, which may be a mechanism by which SMS could be used to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Shuyang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunjiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng Tao
- Endocrinology department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Collins TJC, Morgan PK, Man K, Lancaster GI, Murphy AJ. The influence of metabolic disorders on adaptive immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1109-1119. [PMID: 39134802 PMCID: PMC11442657 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from invading pathogens and maintaining tissue homoeostasis. Maintaining homoeostatic lipid metabolism is an important aspect of efficient immune cell function and when disrupted immune cell function is impaired. There are numerous metabolic diseases whereby systemic lipid metabolism and cellular function is impaired. In the context of metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation is suggested to be a major contributor to disease progression. A major contributor to tissue dysfunction in metabolic disease is ectopic lipid deposition, which is generally caused by diet and genetic factors. Thus, we propose the idea, that similar to tissue and organ damage in metabolic disorders, excessive accumulation of lipid in immune cells promotes a dysfunctional immune system (beyond the classical foam cell) and contributes to disease pathology. Herein, we review the evidence that lipid accumulation through diet can modulate the production and function of immune cells by altering cellular lipid content. This can impact immune cell signalling, activation, migration, and death, ultimately affecting key aspects of the immune system such as neutralising pathogens, antigen presentation, effector cell activation and resolving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J C Collins
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Pooranee K Morgan
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin Man
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Li Y, Yan F, Xiang J, Wang W, Xie K, Luo L. Identification and experimental validation of immune-related gene PPARG is involved in ulcerative colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167300. [PMID: 38880160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) is believed to be heavily influenced by immunology, which presents challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. The main aims of this study are to deepen our understanding of the immunological characteristics associated with the disease and to identify valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS The UC datasets were sourced from the GEO database and were analyzed using unsupervised clustering to identify different subtypes of UC. Twelve machine learning algorithms and Deep learning model DNN were developed to identify potential UC biomarkers, with the LIME and SHAP methods used to explain the models' findings. PPI network is used to verify the identified key biomarkers, and then a network connecting super enhancers, transcription factors and genes is constructed. Single-cell sequencing technology was utilized to investigate the role of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) in UC and its correlation with macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, alterations in PPARG expression were validated through Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULT By utilizing bioinformatics techniques, we were able to pinpoint PPARG as a key biomarker for UC. The expression of PPARG was significantly reduced in cell models, UC animal models, and colitis models induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Interestingly, overexpression of PPARG was able to restore intestinal barrier function in H2O2-induced IEC-6 cells. Additionally, immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) allowed for efficient classification of UC samples into neutrophil and mitochondrial metabolic subtypes. A diagnostic model incorporating the three disease-specific genes PPARG, PLA2G2A, and IDO1 demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing between the UC group and the control group. Furthermore, single-cell analysis revealed that decreased PPARG expression in colon tissue may contribute to the polarization of M1 macrophages through activation of inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PPARG, a gene related to immunity, has been established as a reliable potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of UC. The immune response it controls plays a key role in the progression and development of UC by enabling interaction between characteristic biomarkers and immune infiltrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Kangping Xie
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
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Soedono S, Julietta V, Nawaz H, Cho KW. Dynamic Roles and Expanding Diversity of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:193-212. [PMID: 39324219 PMCID: PMC11443328 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are key regulators of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity, and the traditional M1/M2 characterization of ATMs is inadequate for capturing their diversity in obese conditions. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling has revealed heterogeneity among ATMs that goes beyond the old paradigm and identified new subsets with unique functions. Furthermore, explorations of their developmental origins suggest that multiple differentiation pathways contribute to ATM variety. These advances raise concerns about how to define ATM functions, how they are regulated, and how they orchestrate changes in AT. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of ATMs and their updated categorization in both mice and humans during obesity. Additionally, diverse ATM functions and contributions in the context of obesity are discussed. Finally, potential strategies for targeting ATM functions as therapeutic interventions for obesity-induced metabolic diseases are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Vivi Julietta
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hadia Nawaz
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
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Sinha SK, Carpio MB, Nicholas SB. Fiery Connections: Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation, the Journey from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2209. [PMID: 39457523 PMCID: PMC11503991 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant public health challenge, with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as one of its most serious consequences. It has become increasingly clear that type 2 DM (T2D) and the complications of DKD are not purely metabolic disorders. This review outlines emerging evidence related to the step-by-step contribution of macrophages to the development and progression of DKD in individuals who specifically develop T2D as a result of obesity. The macrophage is a prominent inflammatory cell that contributes to obesity, where adipocyte hypertrophy leads to macrophage recruitment and eventually to the expansion of adipose tissue. The recruited macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines, which cause systemic inflammation, glucose dysregulation, and insulin sensitivity, ultimately contributing to the development of T2D. Under such pathological changes, the kidney is susceptible to elevated glucose and thereby activates signaling pathways that ultimately drive monocyte recruitment. In particular, the early recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages in the diabetic kidney produces inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage associated with DKD pathology. Macrophage activation and recruitment are crucial inciting factors that also persist as DKD progresses. Thus, targeting macrophage activation and function could be a promising therapeutic approach, potentially offering significant benefits for managing DKD at all stages of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Maria Beatriz Carpio
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Jeelani I, Moon JS, da Cunha FF, Nasamran CA, Jeon S, Zhang X, Bandyopadhyay GK, Dobaczewska K, Mikulski Z, Hosseini M, Liu X, Kisseleva T, Brenner D, Singh S, Loomba R, Kim M, Lee YS. HIF-2α drives hepatic Kupffer cell death and proinflammatory recruited macrophage activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi0284. [PMID: 39259813 PMCID: PMC11665927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Proinflammatory hepatic macrophage activation plays a key role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This involves increased embryonic hepatic Kupffer cell (KC) death, facilitating the replacement of KCs with bone marrow-derived recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) that highly express proinflammatory genes. Moreover, phago/efferocytic activity of KCs is diminished in NASH, enhancing liver inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes in KCs are not known. Here, we show that hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) mediates NASH-associated decreased KC growth and efferocytosis by enhancing lysosomal stress. At the molecular level, HIF-2α stimulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent inhibitory transcription factor EB (TFEB) phosphorylation, leading to decreased lysosomal and phagocytic gene expression. With increased metabolic stress and phago/efferocytic burden in NASH, these changes were sufficient to increase lysosomal stress, causing decreased efferocytosis and lysosomal cell death. Of interest, HIF-2α-dependent TFEB regulation only occurred in KCs but not RHMs. Instead, in RHMs, HIF-2α promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and proinflammatory activation by increasing ANT2 expression and mitochondrial permeability transition. Consequently, myeloid lineage-specific or KC-specific HIF-2α depletion or the inhibition of mTOR-dependent TFEB inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide treatment protected against the development of NASH in mice. Moreover, treatment with an HIF-2α-specific inhibitor reduced inflammatory and fibrogenic gene expression in human liver spheroids cultured under a NASH-like condition. Together, our results suggest that macrophage subtype-specific effects of HIF-2α collectively contribute to the proinflammatory activation of liver macrophages, leading to the development of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Jeelani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Chanond A. Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Seokhyun Jeon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xinhang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Katarzyna Dobaczewska
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- Division of Epidemiology Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- NAFLD Research Center University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
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Tian Y, Ni Y, Zhang T, Cao Y, Zhou M, Zhao C. Targeting hepatic macrophages for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1444198. [PMID: 39300994 PMCID: PMC11410645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1444198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become global health challenges with significant morbidity and mortality rates. NAFLD encompasses several liver diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to more severe inflammatory and fibrotic forms. Ultimately, this can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The intricate role of hepatic macrophages, particularly Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs), in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, has received increasing attention. Hepatic macrophages can interact with hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Paradoxically, they also participate in the pathogenesis of some liver diseases. This review highlights the fundamental role of hepatic macrophages in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, emphasizing their plasticity and contribution to inflammation and fibrosis, and hopes to provide ideas for subsequent experimental research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Tian
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Ni
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Sancar G, Birkenfeld AL. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in hepatic insulin resistance and T2D. J Endocrinol 2024; 262:e240115. [PMID: 38967989 PMCID: PMC11378142 DOI: 10.1530/joe-24-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The root cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is insulin resistance (IR), defined by the failure of cells to respond to circulating insulin to maintain lipid and glucose homeostasis. While the causes of whole-body insulin resistance are multifactorial, a major contributing factor is dysregulation of liver and adipose tissue function. Adipose dysfunction, particularly adipose tissue-IR (adipo-IR), plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of T2D. In this review, we will focus on molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance and its association with adipose tissue function. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the transition from a healthy state to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2D may enable us to prevent and intervene in the progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gencer Sancar
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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King EM, McClendon J, Trinh T, Matsuda JL, Lyn-Kew KH, McCubbrey AL, Mould KJ, Henson PM, Janssen WJ. Slamf7 is dispensable in mouse models of acute lung injury. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00345-2024. [PMID: 39377087 PMCID: PMC11456964 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00345-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Slamf7 is expressed by monocyte-derived macrophages recruited to the lungs during injury. Whole-body and macrophage-specific knockouts of Slamf7 had no effect on the degree of inflammation in three mouse models of acute lung injury. https://bit.ly/3KgTJg1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. King
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra L. McCubbrey
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kara J. Mould
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter M. Henson
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Jewish Health, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William J. Janssen
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
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45
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Mildner A, Kim KW, Yona S. Unravelling monocyte functions: from the guardians of health to the regulators of disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae014. [PMID: 39430099 PMCID: PMC11486918 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes are a key component of the innate immune system. They undergo intricate developmental processes within the bone marrow, leading to diverse monocyte subsets in the circulation. In a state of healthy homeostasis, monocytes are continuously released into the bloodstream, destined to repopulate specific tissue-resident macrophage pools where they fulfil tissue-specific functions. However, under pathological conditions monocytes adopt various phenotypes to resolve inflammation and return to a healthy physiological state. This review explores the nuanced developmental pathways and functional roles that monocytes perform, shedding light on their significance in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mildner
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Yona
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Bakinowska E, Krompiewski M, Boboryko D, Kiełbowski K, Pawlik A. The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2822. [PMID: 39275140 PMCID: PMC11396809 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic of the 21st century, and the prevalence of this metabolic condition has enormously increased over the past few decades. Obesity is associated with a number of comorbidities and complications, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, which can be associated with severe and fatal outcomes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes numerous molecules and proteins that are capable of modifying immune responses. The progression of obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which is characterised by enhanced inflammation and apoptosis. Increased fat-tissue mass is associated with the dysregulated secretion of substances by adipocytes, which leads to metabolic alterations. Importantly, the adipose tissue contains immune cells, the profile of which changes with the progression of obesity. For instance, increasing fat mass enhances the presence of the pro-inflammatory variants of macrophages, major sources of tumour necrosis factor α and other inflammatory mediators that promote insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex, and understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that are involved may provide novel treatment methods that could prevent the development of serious complications. The aim of this review is to discuss current evidence describing the involvement of various inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Krompiewski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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47
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Xu L, Yang Q, Zhou J. Mechanisms of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8465. [PMID: 39126035 PMCID: PMC11312913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is a critical component in preserving homeostasis and health, and lipids are significant chemicals involved in energy metabolism in living things. With the growing interest in lipid metabolism in recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close relationship between abnormalities in lipid metabolism and the development of numerous human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine system diseases. Thus, understanding how aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to the development of related diseases and how it works offers a theoretical foundation for treating and preventing related human diseases as well as new avenues for the targeted treatment of related diseases. Therefore, we discuss the processes of aberrant lipid metabolism in various human diseases in this review, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine system diseases (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and other diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinghua Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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48
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Lyu Z, Chan YT, Lu Y, Fung Lam T, Wu X, Wu J, Xu L, Yang W, Zhang C, Lidan Zhong L, Wang N. Osteoprotegerin mediates adipogenesis in obesity. J Adv Res 2024; 62:245-255. [PMID: 38906326 PMCID: PMC11331166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone metabolism regulation, emerges as a potential regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity onset. OBJECTIVES This study aims to elucidate the involvement of OPG in adipogenesis during the early phases of diet-induced obesity and explore its therapeutic potential in obesity management. METHODS Using a diet-induced obesity model, we investigated OPG expression patterns in adipocytes and explored the mechanisms underlying its involvement in adipogenesis. We also assessed the effects of targeted silencing of OPG and recombinant OPG administration on obesity progression and insulin resistance. Additionally, the impact of electroacupuncture treatment on OPG levels and obesity management was evaluated in both animal models and human participants. RESULTS OPG expression was prominently activated in adipocytes of white adipose tissues during the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Hyperlipidemia induced Cbfa1-dependent OPG transcription, initiating and promoting adipogenesis, leading to cell-size expansion and lipid storage. Intracellular OPG physically bound to RAR and released the PPARɤ/RXR complex, activating adipogenesis-associated gene expression. Targeted silencing of OPG suppressed obesity development, while recombinant OPG administration promoted disease progression and insulin resistance in obese mice. Electroacupuncture treatment suppressed obesity development in an OPG-dependent manner and improved obesity parameters in obese human participants. CONCLUSION OPG emerges as a key regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity development. Targeting OPG holds promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity, as evidenced by the efficacy of electroacupuncture treatment in modulating OPG levels and managing obesity-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipan Lyu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Fung Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingyao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Lidan Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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49
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Frasca D, Romero M, Garcia D, Thaller S, Bueno V. Adipocyte-derived inflammatory molecules induce senescent B cells through metabolic pathways. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1441-1447. [PMID: 38575197 PMCID: PMC11269042 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate that an adipocyte tissue-derived conditioned medium (ACM) contains inflammatory molecules that induce senescence in B cells. METHODS We incubated blood-derived B cells from lean donors with ACM obtained from the adipose tissue of adult female donors with obesity undergoing weight reduction surgery or with medium as control. After 24 h, cells were harvested, and the expression of transcripts for proinflammatory cytokines (TNF/IL-6), chemokines (IL-8), and for markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. B cells were also stained with the marker of immunosenescence β-galactosidase, and their metabolic status was evaluated in Seahorse using a Mito Stress Test. RESULTS We show that the incubation of B cells from lean donors with ACM induces the expression of transcripts for inflammatory and SASP transcripts, increases the amount of β-galactosidase staining, and induces a metabolic phenotype characterized by higher basal and maximal oxygen consumption, spare respiratory capacity (difference between maximal and basal respiration), nonmitochondrial oxygen consumption, ATP production, and proton leak. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that B cells from lean individuals, after incubation with ACM, become inflammatory and senescent, and this occurs through metabolic pathways needed to support their secretory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Denisse Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Seth Thaller
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Valquiria Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, BRAZIL
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50
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Ammendola M, Vescio F, Rotondo C, Arturi F, Luposella M, Zuccalà V, Battaglia C, Laganà D, Ranieri G, Navarra G, Curcio S, Danese V, Franzoso L, De Luca GM, Prete FP, Testini M, Currò G. Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Gastric Mucosa of Patients with Obesity Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4434. [PMID: 39124701 PMCID: PMC11312978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and mast cells (MCs) play a role in immune responses. More recently, their involvement in tumor angiogenesis and chronic inflammatory conditions in patients with obesity has been discovered. Furthermore, a higher BMI (Body Mass Index) value corresponds to a higher inflammatory state. In particular, gastric tissue in obesity (GTO) is characterized by Macrophages, Mast Cells Positive to Triptase (MCPT), and neo-formed microvessels (MVD). Materials and Methods. We collected gastric tissue samples from December 2021 to December 2022. The patients selected had a BMI > 35 kg/m2 with different comorbidities. Regarding the surgery, surgeons executed a Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LapSG). Gastric tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and morphometrical assay, comparing "obese-related" gastric tissue to normal gastric tissue. Furthermore, tissue parameters were correlated with important clinicopathological features. Results. We collected thirty gastric tissue samples from thirty patients with obesity. Blood tests, Electrocardiogram (ECG), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) associated with a urea breath test, and chest X.R. were performed. A significant correlation between ATMs, MCPT, MVD, and BMI was found in GTO. Pearson t-test analysis was conducted (r ranged from 0.67 to 0.71; p-value < 0.05). Conclusions. These preliminary data suggest that ATMs, MCPT, and MVD related to BMI can play a role in both gastric tissue angiogenesis and inflammation inducing a tissue change that could lead to gastric inflammation or cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ammendola
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, University Hospital “R. Dulbecco”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Vescio
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, University Hospital “R. Dulbecco”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Cataldo Rotondo
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, University Hospital “R. Dulbecco”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Internal Medicine Unit, Outpatient Unit for the Treatment of Obesity, University Hospital “R. Dulbecco”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Maria Luposella
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, General Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Valeria Zuccalà
- Pathology Unit, “R. Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Caterina Battaglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University Medical School, Radiology Unit, “R. Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Laganà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University Medical School, Radiology Unit, “R. Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Istitute “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age, Surgical Oncology Division, “G. Martino” Hospital, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Silvia Curcio
- Science of Health Department, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, University Hospital “R. Dulbecco”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Viviana Danese
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies Pharmaceuticals, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Lucia Franzoso
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, “SS. Annunziata Hospital”, 74121 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Massimiliano De Luca
- Academic Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.P.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.P.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70100 Bari, Italy; (F.P.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Science of Health Department, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, “R.Dulbecco” University Hospital, General Surgery Unit, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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