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Behrens J, Braren I, Jaeckstein MY, Lilie L, Heine M, Sass F, Sommer J, Silbert-Wagner D, Fuh MM, Worthmann A, Straub L, Moustafa T, Heeren J, Scheja L. An efficient AAV vector system of Rec2 serotype for intravenous injection to study metabolism in brown adipocytes in vivo. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101999. [PMID: 39094948 PMCID: PMC11362766 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are powerful tools for the sustained expression of proteins in vivo and have been successfully used for mechanistic studies in mice. A major challenge associated with this method is to obtain tissue specificity and high expression levels without need of local virus administration. METHODS To achieve this goal for brown adipose tissue (BAT), we developed a rAAV vector for intravenous bolus injection, which includes an expression cassette comprising an uncoupling protein-1 enhancer-promoter for transcription in brown adipocytes and miR122 target sequences for suppression of expression in the liver, combined with packaging in serotype Rec2 capsid protein. To test tissue specificity, we used a version of this vector expressing Cre recombinase to transduce mice with floxed alleles to knock out MLXIPL (ChREBP) or tdTomato-Cre reporter mice. RESULTS We demonstrated efficient Cre-dependent recombination in interscapular BAT and variable effects in minor BAT depots, but little or no efficacy in white adipose tissues, liver and other organs. Direct overexpression of glucose transporter SLC2A1 (GLUT1) using the rAAV vector in wild type mice resulted in increased glucose uptake and glucose-dependent gene expression in BAT, indicating usefulness of this vector to increase the function even of abundant proteins. CONCLUSION Taken together, we describe a novel brown adipocyte-specific rAAV method to express proteins for loss-of-function and gain-of-function metabolic studies. The approach will enable researchers to access brown fat swiftly, reduce animal breeding time and costs, as well as enable the creation of new transgenic mouse models combining multiple transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Vector Facility, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luka Lilie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Finnja Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Sommer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Silbert-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tarek Moustafa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Xu T, Zhang X, Zhao W, Shi J, Wan S, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Sun M, He J, Jiang L, Wang H, Gao H, Luo J, Luo Y, An P. Foxo1 is an iron-responsive transcriptional factor regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Blood 2024; 144:1314-1328. [PMID: 38848533 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic iron homeostasis by secreting hepcidin, which is essential for coordinating iron levels in the body. Imbalances in iron homeostasis are associated with various clinical disorders related to iron deficiency or iron overload. Despite the clinical significance, the mechanisms underlying how hepatocytes sense extracellular iron levels to regulate hepcidin synthesis and iron storage are not fully understood. In this study, we identified Foxo1, a well-known regulator of macronutrient metabolism, which translocates to the nucleus of hepatocytes in response to high-iron feeding, holo-transferrin, and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) treatment. Furthermore, Foxo1 plays a crucial role in mediating hepcidin induction in response to both iron and BMP signals by directly interacting with evolutionally conserved Foxo binding sites within the hepcidin promoter region. These binding sites were found to colocalize with Smad-binding sites. To investigate the physiological relevance of Foxo1 in iron metabolism, we generated mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Foxo1. These mice exhibited reduced hepatic hepcidin expression and serum hepcidin levels, accompanied by elevated serum iron and liver nonheme iron concentrations. Moreover, high-iron diet further exacerbated these abnormalities in iron metabolism in mice lacking hepatic Foxo1. Conversely, hepatocyte-specific Foxo1 overexpression increased hepatic hepcidin expression and serum hepcidin levels, thereby ameliorating iron overload in a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis (Hfe-/- mice). In summary, our study identifies Foxo1 as a critical regulator of hepcidin and systemic iron homeostasis. Targeting Foxo1 may offer therapeutic opportunities for managing conditions associated with aberrant iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sitong Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Chen K, Qin YR, Liu SQ, Chen RL. Remission of iron overload in adipose tissue of obese mice by fatty acid-modified polyoxovanadates. RARE METALS 2024. [DOI: 10.1007/s12598-024-02925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
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4
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Diaz-Vegas A, Cooke KC, Cutler HB, Yau B, Masson SWC, Harney D, Fuller OK, Potter M, Madsen S, Craw NR, Zhang Y, Moreno CL, Kebede MA, Neely GG, Stöckli J, Burchfield JG, James DE. Deletion of miPEP in adipocytes protects against obesity and insulin resistance by boosting muscle metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101983. [PMID: 38960128 PMCID: PMC11292358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria facilitate thousands of biochemical reactions, covering a broad spectrum of anabolic and catabolic processes. Here we demonstrate that the adipocyte mitochondrial proteome is markedly altered across multiple models of insulin resistance and reveal a consistent decrease in the level of the mitochondrial processing peptidase miPEP. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of miPEP in insulin resistance. METHODS To experimentally test this observation, we generated adipocyte-specific miPEP knockout mice to interrogate its role in the aetiology of insulin resistance. RESULTS We observed a strong phenotype characterised by enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced adiposity, despite normal food intake and physical activity. Strikingly, these phenotypes vanished when mice were housed at thermoneutrality, suggesting that metabolic protection conferred by miPEP deletion hinges upon a thermoregulatory process. Tissue specific analysis of miPEP deficient mice revealed an increment in muscle metabolism, and upregulation of the protein FBP2 that is involved in ATP hydrolysis in the gluconeogenic pathway. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that miPEP deletion initiates a compensatory increase in skeletal muscle metabolism acting as a protective mechanism against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harry B Cutler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Yau
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stewart W C Masson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dylan Harney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver K Fuller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meg Potter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niamh R Craw
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiju Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cesar L Moreno
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Fan Y, Ma L, Fang X, Du S, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Sun X, Jia H, Xu C, Xu Q. Role of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in ferroptosis of adipose tissue during ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01034-8. [PMID: 39067746 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Postpartum cows experience lipolysis in adipose tissue due to negative energy balance (NEB), and accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) leads to metabolic stress in adipose tissue. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death triggered by excessive buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, which is involved in the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases in nonruminants. However, it is still unclear whether ferroptosis occurs in the adipose tissue of ketotic cows and the regulatory mechanisms behind ferroptosis. Despite multiple studies demonstrating the significant involvement of hypoxia-inducible-factor-1α (HIF-1α) in regulating cellular dysfunction, its specific function in adipose tissue of ketotic dairy cows remains uncertain, particularly its regulation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. The study aimed to explore the impact of HIF-1α on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes. The adipose tissue of clinical ketosis cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of 3.13 mM (interquartile range = 0.14) and healthy cows (n = 15) with a serum BHB concentration of and 0.58 mM (interquartile range = 0.13) was collected. The results showed that the concentrations of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+ and total iron were increased in adipose tissue of cows with ketosis, while the contents of glutathione (GSH) were reduced. Furthermore, the protein levels of HIF-1α, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) exhibited higher abundance in adipose tissue obtained from cows with ketosis, whereas the protein abundance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), glutamate cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were lower. To simulate the ferroptosis state of adipose tissue in ketotic cows, primary bovine adipocytes were isolated from the adipose tissue of healthy cows and cultured with erastin to construct ferroptosis model. Adipocytes were cultured with either an adenovirus overexpressing HIF-1α or small interfering RNA targeting HIF-for 48 h, followed by exposure to erastin (1 μM) for 24 h. Treatment with erastin led to higher protein abundance of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2 and HMOX1, while it inhibited the protein expression levels of GCLC, SLC7A11, GCLM, GPX4 and KEAP1. Furthermore, erastin treatment elevated the levels of ROS, MDA, Fe2+, total iron and reduced the content of GSH. The overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the erastin-induced decreases in the protein abundance of GPX4 and SLC7A11, as well as the levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while significantly increasing protein abundance and content of CAT, SOD1, NFE2L2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, GPX4, SLC7A11 and GSH. Conversely, the silencing of HIF-1α further exacerbated the erastin-induced levels of MDA, ROS, Fe2+ and total iron, while inhibiting the upregulation of SOD1, CAT, NFE2L2 and HMOX1. Collectively, these findings suggest that activation of HIF-1α may function as an adaptive mechanism to mitigate ferroptosis and alleviate oxidative stress in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuyu Du
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - John Mauck
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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6
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Cucoreanu C, Tigu AB, Nistor M, Moldovan RC, Pralea IE, Iacobescu M, Iuga CA, Szabo R, Dindelegan GC, Ciuce C. Epigenetic and Molecular Alterations in Obesity: Linking CRP and DNA Methylation to Systemic Inflammation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7430-7446. [PMID: 39057082 PMCID: PMC11275580 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is marked by excessive fat accumulation in the adipose tissue, which disrupts metabolic processes and causes chronic systemic inflammation. Commonly, body mass index (BMI) is used to assess obesity-related risks, predicting potential metabolic disorders. However, for a better clustering of obese patients, we must consider molecular and epigenetic changes which may be responsible for inflammation and metabolic changes. Our study involved two groups of patients, obese and healthy donors, on which routine analysis were performed, focused on BMI, leukocytes count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and completed with global DNA methylation and gene expression analysis for genes involved in inflammation and adipogenesis. Our results indicate that obese patients exhibited elevated leukocytes levels, along with increased BMI and CRP. The obese group revealed a global hypomethylation and upregulation of proinflammatory genes, with adipogenesis genes following the same trend of being overexpressed. The study confirms that obesity is linked to systematic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction through epigenetic and molecular alterations. The CRP was correlated with the hypomethylation status in obese patients, and this fact may contribute to a better understanding of the roles of specific genes in adipogenesis and inflammation, leading to a better personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Cucoreanu
- Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Nistor
- Department of Translational Medicine, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Iacobescu
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Department of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Research Center for Advance Medicine—MEDFUTURE, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Robert Szabo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - George-Calin Dindelegan
- Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constatin Ciuce
- Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Zhu Q, Chen S, Funcke JB, Straub LG, Lin Q, Zhao S, Joung C, Zhang Z, Kim DS, Li N, Gliniak CM, Lee C, Cebrian-Serrano A, Pedersen L, Halberg N, Gordillo R, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. PAQR4 regulates adipocyte function and systemic metabolic health by mediating ceramide levels. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1347-1366. [PMID: 38961186 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PAQR4 is an orphan receptor in the PAQR family with an unknown function in metabolism. Here, we identify a critical role of PAQR4 in maintaining adipose tissue function and whole-body metabolic health. We demonstrate that expression of Paqr4 specifically in adipocytes, in an inducible and reversible fashion, leads to partial lipodystrophy, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, which is ameliorated by wild-type adipose tissue transplants or leptin treatment. By contrast, deletion of Paqr4 in adipocytes improves healthy adipose remodelling and glucose homoeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, PAQR4 regulates ceramide levels by mediating the stability of ceramide synthases (CERS2 and CERS5) and, thus, their activities. Overactivation of the PQAR4-CERS axis causes ceramide accumulation and impairs adipose tissue function through suppressing adipogenesis and triggering adipocyte de-differentiation. Blocking de novo ceramide biosynthesis rescues PAQR4-induced metabolic defects. Collectively, our findings suggest a critical function of PAQR4 in regulating cellular ceramide homoeostasis and targeting PAQR4 offers an approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Leon G Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qian Lin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Cebrian-Serrano
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Line Pedersen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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8
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Sun Y, Liu M, Sun W, Tang X, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Yang B. A Hemoglobin Bionics-Based System for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Diabetic Wounds via Iron Homeostasis Regulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405002. [PMID: 38738270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the increased tissue iron accumulation in patients with diabetes, microorganisms may activate high expression of iron-involved metabolic pathways, leading to the exacerbation of bacterial infections and disruption of systemic glucose metabolism. Therefore, an on-demand transdermal dosing approach that utilizes iron homeostasis regulation to combat antimicrobial resistance is a promising strategy to address the challenges associated with low administration bioavailability and high antibiotic resistance in treating infected diabetic wounds. Here, it is aimed to propose an effective therapy based on hemoglobin bionics to induce disturbances in bacterial iron homeostasis. The preferred "iron cargo" is synthesized by protoporphyrin IX chelated with dopamine and gallium (PDGa), and is delivered via a glucose/pH-responsive microneedle bandage (PDGa@GMB). The PDGa@GMB downregulates the expression levels of the iron uptake regulator (Fur) and the peroxide response regulator (perR) in Staphylococcus aureus, leading to iron nutrient starvation and oxidative stress, ultimately suppressing iron-dependent bacterial activities. Consequently, PDGa@GMB demonstrates insusceptibility to genetic resistance while maintaining sustainable antimicrobial effects (>90%) against resistant strains of both S. aureus and E. coli, and accelerates tissue recovery (<20 d). Overall, PDGa@GMB not only counteracts antibiotic resistance but also holds tremendous potential in mediating microbial-host crosstalk, synergistically attenuating pathogen virulence and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Opto, Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Material, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Manxuan Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Opto, Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Material, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto, Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Material, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto, Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Material, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto, Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Material, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Klag KA, Bell R, Jia X, Seguin A, Maschek JA, Bronner M, Cox JE, Round JL, Ward DM. Low-Iron Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Development Is Microbiota Dependent and Exacerbated by Loss of the Mitochondrial Iron Importer Mitoferrin2. Nutrients 2024; 16:1804. [PMID: 38931165 PMCID: PMC11206261 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the number one nutritional problem worldwide. Iron uptake is regulated at the intestine and is highly influenced by the gut microbiome. Blood from the intestines drains directly into the liver, informing iron status and gut microbiota status. Changes in either iron or the microbiome are tightly correlated with the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the development of MASLD that connect altered iron metabolism and gut microbiota, we compared specific pathogen free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, fed a normal or low-iron diet. SPF mice on a low-iron diet showed reduced serum triglycerides and MASLD. In contrast, GF low-iron diet-fed mice showed increased serum triglycerides and did not develop hepatic steatosis. SPF mice showed significant changes in liver lipid metabolism and increased insulin resistance that was dependent upon the presence of the gut microbiota. We report that total body loss of mitochondrial iron importer Mitoferrin2 (Mfrn2-/-) exacerbated the development of MASLD on a low-iron diet with significant lipid metabolism alterations. Our study demonstrates a clear contribution of the gut microbiome, dietary iron, and Mfrn2 in the development of MASLD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A. Klag
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Rickesha Bell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Xuan Jia
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Alexandra Seguin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - J. Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Mary Bronner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - June L. Round
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
| | - Diane M. Ward
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (K.A.K.); (R.B.); (X.J.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (J.L.R.)
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10
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Wang S, Gong X, Xiao F, Yang Y. Recent advances in host-focused molecular tools for investigating host-gut microbiome interactions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1335036. [PMID: 38605718 PMCID: PMC11007152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1335036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the human gut play a significant role in regulating host gene expression, influencing a variety of biological processes. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions, tools that can dissect signaling networks are required. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular tools used to study this interplay, with a focus on those that explore how the microbiome regulates host gene expression. These tools include CRISPR-based whole-body genetic tools for deciphering host-specific genes involved in the interaction process, Cre-loxP based tissue/cell-specific gene editing approaches, and in vitro models of host-derived organoids. Overall, the application of these molecular tools is revolutionizing our understanding of how host-microbiome interactions contribute to health and disease, paving the way for improved therapies and interventions that target microbial influences on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Xuan Y, Zhang L, Tian W, Zhu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Qiu J, Yu J, Tang M, He Z, Zhang H, Chen S, Shen Y, Wang S, Zhang R, Xu L, Ma X, Liao Y, Hu C. Iron overload in hypothalamic AgRP neurons contributes to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113900. [PMID: 38460132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron overload is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. However, the role of iron in the hypothalamus remains unclear. Here, we find that hypothalamic iron levels are increased, particularly in agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Using pharmacological or genetic approaches, we reduce iron overload in AgRP neurons by central deferoxamine administration or transferrin receptor 1 (Tfrc) deletion, ameliorating diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Conversely, Tfrc-mediated iron overload in AgRP neurons leads to overeating and adiposity. Mechanistically, the reduction of iron overload in AgRP neurons inhibits AgRP neuron activity; improves insulin and leptin sensitivity; and inhibits iron-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, nuclear factor κB signaling, and suppression of cytokine signaling 3 expression. These results highlight the critical role of hypothalamic iron in obesity development and suggest targets for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ye Xuan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 226001, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xihua Xian People's Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengyang Tang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 226001, China
| | - Zhen He
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 226001, China.
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12
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Rong S, Xia M, Vale G, Wang S, Kim CW, Li S, McDonald JG, Radhakrishnan A, Horton JD. DGAT2 inhibition blocks SREBP-1 cleavage and improves hepatic steatosis by increasing phosphatidylethanolamine in the ER. Cell Metab 2024; 36:617-629.e7. [PMID: 38340721 PMCID: PMC10939742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis. DGAT2 deletion in mice lowers liver TGs, and DGAT2 inhibitors are under investigation for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Here, we show that DGAT2 inhibition also suppressed SREBP-1 cleavage, reduced fatty acid synthesis, and lowered TG accumulation and secretion from liver. DGAT2 inhibition increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibited SREBP-1 cleavage, while DGAT2 overexpression lowered ER PE concentrations and increased SREBP-1 cleavage in vivo. ER enrichment with PE blocked SREBP-1 cleavage independent of Insigs, which are ER proteins that normally retain SREBPs in the ER. Thus, inhibition of DGAT2 shunted diacylglycerol into phospholipid synthesis, increasing the PE content of the ER, resulting in reduced SREBP-1 cleavage and less hepatic steatosis. This study reveals a new mechanism that regulates SREBP-1 activation and lipogenesis that is independent of sterols and SREBP-2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Rong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Shili Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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13
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Fehsel K, Bouvier ML. Sex-Specific Effects of Long-Term Antipsychotic Drug Treatment on Adipocyte Tissue and the Crosstalk to Liver and Brain in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2188. [PMID: 38396865 PMCID: PMC10889281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drug (APD) medication can lead to metabolic dysfunctions and weight gain, which together increase morbidity and mortality. Metabolically active visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular plays a crucial role in the etiopathology of these metabolic dysregulations. Here, we studied the effect of 12 weeks of drug medication by daily oral feeding of clozapine and haloperidol on the perirenal fat tissue as part of VAT of male and female Sprague Dawley rats in the context of complex former investigations on brain, liver, and blood. Adipocyte area values were determined, as well as triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, glycogen, lactate, malondialdehyde equivalents, ferric iron and protein levels of Perilipin-A, hormone-sensitive-lipase (HSL), hepcidin, glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) and insulin receptor-ß (IR-ß). We found increased adipocyte mass in males, with slightly higher adipocyte area values in both males and females under clozapine treatment. Triglycerides, NEFAs, glucose and oxidative stress in the medicated groups were unchanged or slightly decreased. In contrast to controls and haloperidol-medicated rats, perirenal adipocyte mass and serum leptin levels were not correlated under clozapine. Protein expressions of perilipin-A, Glut-4 and HSL were decreased under clozapine treatment. IR-ß expression changed sex-specifically in the clozapine-medicated groups associated with higher hepcidin levels in the perirenal adipose tissue of clozapine-treated females. Taken together, clozapine and haloperidol had a smaller effect than expected on perirenal adipose tissue. The perirenal adipose tissue shows only weak changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. The main changes can be seen in the proteins examined, and probably in their effect on liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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14
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Lu B, Guo S, Zhao J, Wang X, Zhou B. Adipose knockout of H-ferritin improves energy metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101871. [PMID: 38184276 PMCID: PMC10803945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferritin, the principal iron storage protein, is essential to iron homeostasis. How iron homeostasis affects the adipose tissue is not well understood. We investigated the role of ferritin heavy chain in adipocytes in energy metabolism. METHODS We generated adipocyte-specific ferritin heavy chain (Fth, also known as Fth1) knockout mice, herein referred to as FthAKO. These mice were analyzed for iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis and activity, adaptive thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic measurements. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts and primary mouse adipocytes were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS In FthAKO mice, the adipose iron homeostasis was disrupted, accompanied by elevated expression of adipokines, dramatically induced heme oxygenase 1(Hmox1) expression, and a notable decrease in the mitochondrial ROS level. Cytosolic ROS elevation in the adipose tissue of FthAKO mice was very mild, and we only observed this in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) but not in the white adipose tissue (WAT). FthAKO mice presented an altered metabolic profile and showed increased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and improved adaptive thermogenesis. Interestingly, loss of ferritin resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and a preference for lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ferritin in adipocytes is indispensable to intracellular iron homeostasis and regulates systemic lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jialin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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15
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Galy B, Conrad M, Muckenthaler M. Mechanisms controlling cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:133-155. [PMID: 37783783 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair. Highly orchestrated regulatory systems control cellular and systemic iron fluxes ensuring sufficient iron delivery to target proteins is maintained, while limiting its potentially deleterious effects in iron-mediated oxidative cell damage and ferroptosis. In this Review, we discuss how cells acquire, traffick and export iron and how stored iron is mobilized for iron-sulfur cluster and haem biogenesis. Furthermore, we describe how these cellular processes are fine-tuned by the combination of various sensory and regulatory systems, such as the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)-iron-responsive element (IRE) network, the nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy pathway, the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis or the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulatory hub. We further describe how these pathways interact with systemic iron homeostasis control through the hepcidin-ferroportin axis to ensure appropriate iron fluxes. This knowledge is key for the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent diseases of cellular and/or systemic iron mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-associated Carcinogenesis (F170), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Shah R, Zhong J, Massier L, Tanriverdi K, Hwang SJ, Haessler J, Nayor M, Zhao S, Perry AS, Wilkins JT, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Martin L, Levy D, Kooperberg C, Freedman JE, Rydén M, Murthy VL. Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004192. [PMID: 38323454 PMCID: PMC10940209 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults. METHODS We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.6±4.9 kg/m2), with validation against diabetes in >1800 individuals in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and WHI (Women's Health Initiative). RESULTS In 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in CARDIA, we identified 2 proteotypes of diabetes susceptibility-a proinflammatory fat proteotype (visceral fat, liver fat, inflammatory biomarkers) and a muscularity proteotype (muscle mass), linked to diabetes in CARDIA and WHI/FHS. These proteotypes specified broad mechanisms of early diabetes pathogenesis, including transorgan communication, hepatic and skeletal muscle stress responses, vascular inflammation and hemostasis, fibrosis, and renal injury. Using human adipose tissue single cell/nuclear RNA-seq, we demonstrate expression at transcriptional level for implicated proteins across adipocytes and nonadipocyte cell types (eg, fibroadipogenic precursors, immune and vascular cells). Using functional assays in human adipose tissue, we demonstrate the association of expression of genes encoding these implicated proteins with adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS A multifaceted discovery effort uniting proteomics, underlying clinical susceptibility phenotypes, and tissue expression patterns may uncover potentially novel functional biomarkers of early diabetes susceptibility in young adults for future mechanistic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health, Boston, MA & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, Univ of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Martin
- George Washington Univ School of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jane E. Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Bonnet M, Ertlen C, Seblani M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Cereda C, Zuccotti G, Colli M, Desouches C, Decherchi P, Carelli S, Marqueste T. Activated Human Adipose Tissue Transplantation Promotes Sensorimotor Recovery after Acute Spinal Cord Contusion in Rats. Cells 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38247873 PMCID: PMC10814727 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in sensory, motor, and vegetative function loss below the injury site. Although preclinical results have been promising, significant solutions for SCI patients have not been achieved through translating repair strategies to clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effective potential of mechanically activated lipoaspirated adipose tissue when transplanted into the epicenter of a thoracic spinal contusion. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: SHAM (uninjured and untreated), NaCl (spinal cord contusion with NaCl application), and AF (spinal cord contusion with transplanted activated human fat). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured to assess endogenous inflammation levels 14 days after injury. Sensorimotor recovery was monitored weekly for 12 weeks, and gait and electrophysiological analyses were performed at the end of this observational period. The results indicated that AF reduced endogenous inflammation post-SCI and there was a significant improvement in sensorimotor recovery. Moreover, activated adipose tissue also reinstated the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions. This investigation highlights the efficacy of activated adipose tissue grafting in acute SCI, suggesting it is a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord repair after traumatic contusion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Colli
- Podgora7 Clinic, Via Podgora 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Desouches
- Clinique Phénicia—CD Esthétique, 5 Boulevard Notre Dame, F-13006 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
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18
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Zhou D, Lu P, Mo X, Yang B, Chen T, Yao Y, Xiong T, Yue L, Yang X. Ferroptosis and metabolic syndrome and complications: association, mechanism, and translational applications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1248934. [PMID: 38260171 PMCID: PMC10800994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1248934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by several metabolic disorders in the body. Long-term metabolic disorders raise the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is essential to actively explore the aetiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its comorbidities to provide effective treatment options. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death that is characterized by iron overload, lipid peroxide accumulation, and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) activity, and it involves the pathological processes of a variety of diseases. Lipid deposition caused by lipid diseases and iron overload is significant in metabolic syndrome, providing the theoretical conditions for developing ferroptosis. Recent studies have found that the major molecules of ferroptosis are linked to common metabolic syndrome consequences, such as T2DM and atherosclerosis. In this review, we first discussed the mechanics of ferroptosis, the regulatory function of inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis, and the significance of iron loading in MetS. Next, we summarized the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of MetS, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discussed relevant ferroptosis-targeted therapies and raised some crucial issues of concern to provide directions for future Mets-related treatments and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianglai Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - You Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Yue
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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19
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. Iron: The silent culprit in your adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13647. [PMID: 37789591 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a vital role in essential biological processes and requires precise regulation within the body. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and excessive accumulation of iron in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, iron excess in adipose tissue promotes adipose tissue dysfunction. As optimal adipose tissue function is crucial for maintaining a healthy phenotype in obesity, a comprehensive understanding of iron homeostasis in adipose tissue is imperative for designing new therapeutic approaches to improve and prevent adipose tissue dysfunction. Here, we conducted a review of relevant studies, focusing on and providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay between iron and adipose tissue. It sheds light on the impact of iron on adipogenesis and the physiology of both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of key modulators, such as cytosolic aconitase, mitochondria, and macrophages, in maintaining iron homeostasis within adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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20
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Onodera T, Kim DS, Ye R, Wang MY, Chen S, Field BC, Straub L, Sun XN, Li C, Lee C, Paredes M, Crewe C, Zhao S, Kusminski CM, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. Protective roles of adiponectin and molecular signatures of HNF4α and PPARα as downstream targets of adiponectin in pancreatic β cells. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101821. [PMID: 37806486 PMCID: PMC10598053 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease progression of the metabolic syndrome is associated with prolonged hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, eventually giving rise to impaired insulin secretion, often concomitant with hypoadiponectinemia. As an adipose tissue derived hormone, adiponectin is beneficial for insulin secretion and β cell health and differentiation. However, the down-stream pathway of adiponectin in the pancreatic islets has not been studied extensively. Here, along with the overall reduction of endocrine pancreatic function in islets from adiponectin KO mice, we examine PPARα and HNF4α as additional down-regulated transcription factors during a prolonged metabolic challenge. To elucidate the function of β cell-specific PPARα and HNF4α expression, we developed doxycycline inducible pancreatic β cell-specific PPARα (β-PPARα) and HNF4α (β-HNF4α) overexpression mice. β-PPARα mice exhibited improved protection from lipotoxicity, but elevated β-oxidative damage in the islets, and also displayed lowered phospholipid levels and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. β-HNF4α mice showed a more severe phenotype when compared to β-PPARα mice, characterized by lower body weight, small islet mass and impaired insulin secretion. RNA-sequencing of the islets of these models highlights overlapping yet unique roles of β-PPARα and β-HNF4α. Given that β-HNF4α potently induces PPARα expression, we define a novel adiponectin-HNF4α-PPARα cascade. We further analyzed downstream genes consistently regulated by this axis. Among them, the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene is an important target and accumulates in adiponectin KO mice. We propose a new mechanism of IAPP aggregation in type 2 diabetes through reduced adiponectin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Risheng Ye
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bianca C Field
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Leon Straub
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Megan Paredes
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.
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21
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Li MK, Xing C, Ma LQ. Integrative bioinformatics analysis to screen key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity. Adipocyte 2023; 12:2264442. [PMID: 37878496 PMCID: PMC10601513 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2264442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of disease in the body. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in obesity. Therefore, key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis in obesity were screened. Briefly, the RNA sequencing data of obesity and the non-obesity human samples and 259 FRGs were downloaded from GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. The obesity-related module genes were firstly screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and crossed with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of obesity/normal samples and FRGs to obtain obesity-ferroptosis related (OFR) DEGs. Then, key genes were screened by PPI network. Next, the correlation of key genes and differential immune cells between obesity and normal samples were further explored by immune infiltration analysis. Finally, microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA), transcription factor (TF)-mRNA networks and drug-gene interaction networks were constructed. As a result, 17 OFR DEGs were obtained, which mainly participated in processes such as lipid metabolism or adipocyte differentiation. The 4 key genes, STAT3, IL-6, PTGS2, and VEGFA, constituted the network. M2 macrophages, T cells CD8, mast cells activated, and T cells CD4 memory resting had significant differences between obesity and normal samples. Moreover, 51 miRNAs and 164 drugs were predicted for 4 key genes. All in all, this study has screened 4 FRGs, including IL-6, VEGFA, STAT3, and PTGS2, in obesity patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ke Li
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Xing
- Pediatric Hematology and Digestive Department, Qu Jing Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Qujing, China
| | - Lan-Qing Ma
- Digestive Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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22
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Schleh MW, Caslin HL, Garcia JN, Mashayekhi M, Srivastava G, Bradley AB, Hasty AH. Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf9382. [PMID: 37992150 PMCID: PMC10847980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation is a systemic process that affects all metabolic organs. Prominent among these is adipose tissue, where cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are markedly changed in obesity, implicating these cells in a range of processes linking immune memory to metabolic regulation. Furthermore, weight loss and weight cycling have unexpected effects on adipose tissue immune populations. Here, we review the current literature on the roles of various immune cells in lean and obese adipose tissue. Within this context, we discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to obesity treatment and their impact on systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather L. Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie N. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
| | - Anna B. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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23
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Qiu X, Wang HY, Yang ZY, Sun LM, Liu SN, Fan CQ, Zhu F. Uncovering the prominent role of satellite cells in paravertebral muscle development and aging by single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2597-2613. [PMID: 37554180 PMCID: PMC10404979 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To uncover the role of satellite cells (SCs) in paravertebral muscle development and aging, we constructed a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of mouse paravertebral muscle across seven timepoints spanning the embryo (day 16.5) to old (month 24) stages. Eight cell types, including SCs, fast muscle cells, and slow muscle cells, were identified. An energy metabolism-related gene set, TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE, was enriched in SCs. Forty-two skeletal muscle disease-related genes were highly expressed in SCs and exhibited similar expression patterns. Among them, Pdha1 was the core gene in the TCA CYCLE IN SENESCENCE; Pgam2, Sod1, and Suclg1 are transcription factors closely associated with skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Transcription factor enrichment analysis of the 42 genes revealed that Myod1 and Mef2a were also highly expressed in SCs, which regulated Pdha1 expression and were associated with skeletal muscle development. These findings hint that energy metabolism may be pivotal in SCs development and aging. Three ligand-receptor pairs of extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions, Lamc1-Dag1, Lama2-Dag1, and Hspg2-Dag1, may play a vital role in SCs interactions with slow/fast muscle cells and SCs self-renewal. Finally, we built the first database of a skeletal muscle single-cell transcriptome, the Musculoskeletal Cell Atlas (http://www.mskca.tech), which lists 630,040 skeletal muscle cells and provides interactive visualization, a useful resource for revealing skeletal muscle cellular heterogeneity during development and aging. Our study could provide new targets and ideas for developing drugs to inhibit skeletal muscle aging and treat skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Li-Ming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Shu-Nan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Chui-Qin Fan
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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24
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Zhang X, Sun J, Wang J, Meng T, Yang J, Zhou Y. The role of ferroptosis in diabetic cardiovascular diseases and the intervention of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1286718. [PMID: 37954843 PMCID: PMC10637571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1286718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), encompassing ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure, among others, are the most prevalent complications of diabetes and the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. Cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs. As research progresses, accumulating evidence also suggests the involvement of ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death, in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Ferroptosis, characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which culminates in membrane rupture, may present new therapeutic targets for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Current treatments for CVDs, such as antihypertensive, anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, and plaque-stabilising drugs, may cause severe side effects with long-term use. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its broad range of activities and minimal side effects, is widely used in China. Numerous studies have shown that active components of Chinese medicine, such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, can prevent CVDs by regulating ferroptosis. This review summarises the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of active components of Chinese medicine against ferroptosis in CVDs, aiming to provide new directions and a scientific basis for targeting ferroptosis for the prevention and treatment of diabetic CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hanan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianwei Meng
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianfei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yabin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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25
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Oliveras-Cañellas N, Latorre J, Santos-González E, Lluch A, Ortega F, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide drives iron accumulation in human adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115428. [PMID: 37677967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The association among increased inflammation, disrupted iron homeostasis, and adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has been widely recognized. However, the specific impact of inflammation on iron homeostasis during human adipogenesis and in adipocytes remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on iron homeostasis during human adipocyte differentiation, in fully differentiated adipocytes, and in human adipose tissue. We found that LPS-induced inflammation hindered adipogenesis and led to a gene expression profile indicative of intracellular iron accumulation. This was accompanied by increased expression of iron importers (TFRC and SLC11A2), markers of intracellular iron accumulation (FTH, CYBA, FTL, and LCN2), and decreased expression of iron exporter-related genes (SLC40A1), concomitant with elevated intracellular iron levels. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis and gene knockdown experiments revealed the significant involvement of iron importers SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and STEAP4 in LPS-induced intracellular iron accumulation in human adipocytes. Notably, markers of LPS signaling pathway-related inflammation were also associated with a gene expression pattern indicative of intracellular iron accumulation in human adipose tissue, corroborating the link between LPS-induced inflammation and iron accumulation at the tissue level. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that induction of adipocyte inflammation disrupts iron homeostasis, resulting in adipocyte iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Santos-González
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
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SHI J, XIE Y, LI Y, REN D, ZHANG Y, SHAO H, LIU Y, WANG X, LI Y. Effects of food-grade iron(III) oxide nanoparticles on cecal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:43-54. [PMID: 38188661 PMCID: PMC10767317 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Although iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used in diverse applications ranging from food to biomedicine, the effects of IONPs on different locations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are unclear. So, a subacute repeated oral toxicity study on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was performed, administering low (50 mg/kg·bw), medium (100 mg/kg·bw), and high (200 mg/kg·bw) doses of IONPs. In this study, we found that a high dose of IONPs increased animal weight, and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that IONPs caused intestinal flora disorders in both the cecal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota. However, only high-dose IONP exposure changed the abundance and composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota. IONPs increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminiclostridium_9, Romboutsia, and Bilophila and decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, and many of these microorganisms are associated with weight gain, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and mucosal damage. Functional analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota induced by a high dose of IONPs were mainly related to metabolism, infection, immune, and endocrine disease functions. IONPs significantly elevated the levels of valeric, isobutyric, and isovaleric acid, promoting the absorption of iron. This is the first description of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in SD rats caused by IONPs, and the effects and mechanisms of action of IONPs on intestinal and host health need to be further studied and confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchun SHI
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yumeng XIE
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yulin LI
- Department of Hospital-acquired Infection Management, Guizhou
Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Dongxia REN
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth
Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yiqi ZHANG
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huangfang SHAO
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang LIU
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue WANG
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun LI
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth
Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk
Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu 610041, China
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27
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Song R, Fond A, Li X, Tang M, Zhan X, Gordillo R, Moresco EMY, Beutler B, Turer EE. The dual lipid desaturase/hydroxylase DEGS2 controls phytoceramide levels necessary to counter intestinal inflammation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050043. [PMID: 37589563 PMCID: PMC10499023 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity is dependent on barrier function to maintain quiescence. The mechanisms for the maintenance of this barrier are not fully understood. Delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 2 (DEGS2) is a lipid desaturase and hydroxylase that catalyzes the synthesis of ceramide and phytoceramide from dihydroceramide. Using a forward genetic approach, we found and validated a mutation in Degs2 as causative of increasing susceptibility to colitis and altering the phytoceramide balance in the colon. DEGS2 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, and the colitis phenotype is dependent on the non-hematopoietic compartment of the mouse. In the absence of DEGS2, the colon lacks phytoceramides and accumulates large amounts of the precursor lipid dihydroceramide. In response to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, colonic epithelial cells in DEGS2-deficient mice had increased cell death and decreased proliferation compared to those in wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that DEGS2 is needed to maintain epithelial integrity, protect against DSS-induced colitis and maintain lipid balance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Song
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Aaron Fond
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eva Marie Y. Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
| | - Emre E. Turer
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8505, USA
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28
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Zapata RC, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Dulawa SC, Osborn O. Identification of adipose tissue transcriptomic memory of anorexia nervosa. Mol Med 2023; 29:109. [PMID: 37582711 PMCID: PMC10428576 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex debilitating disease characterized by intense fear of weight gain and excessive exercise. It is the deadliest of any psychiatric disorder with a high rate of recidivism, yet its pathophysiology is unclear. The Activity-Based Anorexia (ABA) paradigm is a widely accepted mouse model of AN that recapitulates hypophagia and hyperactivity despite reduced body weight, however, not the chronicity. METHODS Here, we modified the prototypical ABA paradigm to increase the time to lose 25% of baseline body weight from less than 7 days to more than 2 weeks. We used this paradigm to identify persistently altered genes after weight restoration that represent a transcriptomic memory of under-nutrition and may contribute to AN relapse using RNA sequencing. We focused on adipose tissue as it was identified as a major location of transcriptomic memory of over-nutririon. RESULTS We identified 300 dysregulated genes that were refractory to weight restroration after ABA, including Calm2 and Vps13d, which could be potential global regulators of transcriptomic memory in both chronic over- and under-nutrition. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the presence of peristent changes in the adipose tissue transcriptome in the ABA mice after weight restoration. Despite being on the opposite spectrum of weight perturbations, majority of the transcriptomic memory genes of under- and over-nutrition did not overlap, suggestive of the different mechanisms involved in these extreme nutritional statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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29
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Källner K, Krook R, Sandberg AS, Hulthén L, Andersson-Hall U, Holmäng A. Interaction of Iron Homeostasis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Development of Glucose Intolerance in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:3214. [PMID: 37513632 PMCID: PMC10385184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis during pregnancy means an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. By following up with women after GDM we aimed to examine the relationship between iron parameters, individual fatty acids (FAs) and desaturases in the development of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). Based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), six years after GDM, 157 women were grouped as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or IGM. Fasting serum FAs, activity of desaturases and iron parameters (ferritin, transferrin, iron, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity, hepcidin) were measured, and clinical and anthropometric measurements taken. Soluble transferrin receptor was higher in the IGM group compared to the NGT group (3.87 vs. 3.29 mg/L, p-value = 0.023) and associated positively with saturated FAs and negatively with monounsaturated FAs in the IGM group (adjusted for BMI, age and high sensitivity C-reactive protein; p-value < 0.05). Iron, as well as transferrin saturation, showed a positive association with MUFAs and desaturase activity. These associations were not seen in the NGT group. These results suggest that iron homeostasis and FA metabolism interact in the development of glucose intolerance in women with previous GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Källner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Rasmus Krook
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hulthén
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
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30
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Jin L, Han S, Lv X, Li X, Zhang Z, Kuang H, Chen Z, Lv CA, Peng W, Yang Z, Yang M, Mi L, Liu T, Ma S, Qiu X, Wang Q, Pan X, Shan P, Feng Y, Li J, Wang F, Xie L, Zhao X, Fu JF, Lin JD, Meng ZX. The muscle-enriched myokine Musclin impairs beige fat thermogenesis and systemic energy homeostasis via Tfr1/PKA signaling in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4257. [PMID: 37468484 PMCID: PMC10356794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and thermogenic adipose tissue are both critical for the maintenance of body temperature in mammals. However, whether these two tissues are interconnected to modulate thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis in response to thermal stress remains inconclusive. Here, we report that human and mouse obesity is associated with elevated Musclin levels in both muscle and circulation. Intriguingly, muscle expression of Musclin is markedly increased or decreased when the male mice are housed in thermoneutral or chronic cool conditions, respectively. Beige fat is then identified as the primary site of Musclin action. Muscle-transgenic or AAV-mediated overexpression of Musclin attenuates beige fat thermogenesis, thereby exacerbating diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in male mice. Conversely, Musclin inactivation by muscle-specific ablation or neutralizing antibody treatment promotes beige fat thermogenesis and improves metabolic homeostasis in male mice. Mechanistically, Musclin binds to transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) and antagonizes Tfr1-mediated cAMP/PKA-dependent thermogenic induction in beige adipocytes. This work defines the temperature-sensitive myokine Musclin as a negative regulator of adipose thermogenesis that exacerbates the deterioration of metabolic health in obese male mice and thus provides a framework for the therapeutic targeting of this endocrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Cheng-An Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miqi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Shengshan Ma
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qintao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Wang C, Wang X, Hu W. Molecular and cellular regulation of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215772. [PMID: 37465124 PMCID: PMC10351381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat, consisting of brown and beige adipocytes, dissipates energy in the form of heat, in contrast to the characteristics of white adipocytes that store energy. Increasing energy expenditure by activating brown adipocytes or inducing beige adipocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermogenesis provides novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis, focusing on transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs. We further discuss the intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk that regulate thermogenesis, considering the heterogeneity and complex tissue microenvironment of thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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33
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Li JH, Hepworth MR, O'Sullivan TE. Regulation of systemic metabolism by tissue-resident immune cell circuits. Immunity 2023; 56:1168-1186. [PMID: 37315533 PMCID: PMC10321269 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that tissue homeostasis and metabolic function are dependent on distinct tissue-resident immune cells that form functional cell circuits with structural cells. Within these cell circuits, immune cells integrate cues from dietary contents and commensal microbes in addition to endocrine and neuronal signals present in the tissue microenvironment to regulate structural cell metabolism. These tissue-resident immune circuits can become dysregulated during inflammation and dietary overnutrition, contributing to metabolic diseases. Here, we review the evidence describing key cellular networks within and between the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and adipose tissue that control systemic metabolism and how these cell circuits become dysregulated during certain metabolic diseases. We also identify open questions in the field that have the potential to enhance our understanding of metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey H Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 900953, USA.
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Chen K, Dai G, Liu S, Wei Y. Reducing obesity and inflammation in mice with organically-derivatized polyoxovanadate clusters. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023; 34:107638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Valenti L, Corradini E, Adams LA, Aigner E, Alqahtani S, Arrese M, Bardou-Jacquet E, Bugianesi E, Fernandez-Real JM, Girelli D, Hagström H, Henninger B, Kowdley K, Ligabue G, McClain D, Lainé F, Miyanishi K, Muckenthaler MU, Pagani A, Pedrotti P, Pietrangelo A, Prati D, Ryan JD, Silvestri L, Spearman CW, Stål P, Tsochatzis EA, Vinchi F, Zheng MH, Zoller H. Consensus Statement on the definition and classification of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:299-310. [PMID: 36805052 PMCID: PMC9936492 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperferritinaemia is a common laboratory finding that is often associated with metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver. Metabolic hyperferritinaemia reflects alterations in iron metabolism that facilitate iron accumulation in the body and is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic and liver diseases. Genetic variants that modulate iron homeostasis and tissue levels of iron are the main determinants of serum levels of ferritin in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, raising the hypothesis that iron accumulation might be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the related organ damage. However, validated criteria for the non-invasive diagnosis of metabolic hyperferritinaemia and the staging of iron overload are still lacking, and there is no clear evidence of a benefit for iron depletion therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on the relationship between hyperferritinaemia and iron accumulation in individuals with metabolic dysfunction, and on the associated clinical outcomes. We propose an updated definition and a provisional staging system for metabolic hyperferritinaemia, which has been agreed on by a multidisciplinary global panel of expert researchers. The goal is to foster studies into the epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, clinical relevance and treatment of metabolic hyperferritinaemia, for which we provide suggestions on the main unmet needs, optimal design and clinically relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Biological Resource Center and Precision Medicine Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Corradini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Elmar Aigner
- First Department of Medicine, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saleh Alqahtani
- Royal Clinics and Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- University of Rennes, UMR1241, CHU Rennes, National Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and iron metabolism disorder, INSERM CIC1414, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jose-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Girona University, Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domenico Girelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico Giambattista Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Henninger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kris Kowdley
- Liver Institute Northwest, Seattle, WA, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guido Ligabue
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Radiology, Ospedale di Sassuolo S.p.A, Sassuolo, Modena, Italy
| | - Donald McClain
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Salisbury, NC, USA
| | - Fabrice Lainé
- INSERM CIC1414, Liver Unit, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Translational Iron Research, Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pedrotti
- Laboratorio di RM Cardiaca Cardiologia 4, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Centre for Hemochromatosis and Hereditary Liver Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena-Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - John D Ryan
- Hepatology Unit, Beaumont Hospital, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Per Stål
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital and UCL, London, UK
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley F.Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Doppler Laboratory on Iron and Phosphate Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
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Helman SL, Zhou J, Fuqua BK, Lu Y, Collins JF, Chen H, Vulpe CD, Anderson GJ, Frazer DM. The biology of mammalian multi-copper ferroxidases. Biometals 2023; 36:263-281. [PMID: 35167013 PMCID: PMC9376197 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian multicopper ferroxidases (MCFs) ceruloplasmin (CP), hephaestin (HEPH) and zyklopen (ZP) comprise a family of conserved enzymes that are essential for body iron homeostasis. Each of these enzymes contains six biosynthetically incorporated copper atoms which act as intermediate electron acceptors, and the oxidation of iron is associated with the four electron reduction of dioxygen to generate two water molecules. CP occurs in both a secreted and GPI-linked (membrane-bound) form, while HEPH and ZP each contain a single C-terminal transmembrane domain. These enzymes function to ensure the efficient oxidation of iron so that it can be effectively released from tissues via the iron export protein ferroportin and subsequently bound to the iron carrier protein transferrin in the blood. CP is particularly important in facilitating iron release from the liver and central nervous system, HEPH is the major MCF in the small intestine and is critical for dietary iron absorption, and ZP is important for normal hair development. CP and HEPH (and possibly ZP) function in multiple tissues. These proteins also play other (non-iron-related) physiological roles, but many of these are ill-defined. In addition to disrupting iron homeostasis, MCF dysfunction perturbs neurological and immune function, alters cancer susceptibility, and causes hair loss, but, despite their importance, how MCFs co-ordinately maintain body iron homeostasis and perform other functions remains incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan L Helman
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Mucosal Immunology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Huijun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David M Frazer
- Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Chen H, Tang Y. Iron-loaded extracellular vesicles: angel or demon? Free Radic Res 2023; 57:61-68. [PMID: 36927327 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2191813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are identified as a non-classical way to mediate iron efflux except ferroportin. Interestingly, recent studies indicated that EVs pathway is a novel way involved in iron efflux. Mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) are the potential mediator to load mitochondrial iron into EVs. Additionally, iron-replete cells resist excess iron-induced damage by secreting iron-loaded EVs, and the uptake of these EVs induces oxidative damage in the recipient cell. Importantly, iron-loaded EVs play a key role in aberrant iron distribution, which drives the progress of diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we summarize extant research on intracellular iron export with an emphasis on EVs and put our eyes on the relationship between iron-loaded EVs with both parent and target cells. Iron-loaded EVs will be an important avenue for later research on their vital role in iron redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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38
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Iron metabolism and ferroptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and complications: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:186. [PMID: 36882414 PMCID: PMC9992652 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of iron homeostasis is essential for proper endocrine function. A growing body of evidence suggests that iron imbalance is a key factor in the development of several endocrine diseases. Nowadays, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, has become increasingly recognized as an important process to mediate the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been shown that ferroptosis in pancreas β cells leads to decreased insulin secretion; and ferroptosis in the liver, fat, and muscle induces insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms concerning the regulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM may lead to improved disease management. In this review, we summarized the connection between the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in T2DM. Additionally, we discuss the potential targets and pathways concerning ferroptosis in treating T2DM and analysis the current limitations and future directions concerning these novel T2DM treatment targets.
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Hinojosa-Moscoso A, Motger-Albertí A, De la Calle-Vargas E, Martí-Navas M, Biarnés C, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Blasco G, Puig J, Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The Longitudinal Changes in Subcutaneous Abdominal Tissue and Visceral Adipose Tissue Volumetries Are Associated with Iron Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4750. [PMID: 36902180 PMCID: PMC10002479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess iron is known to trigger adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Circulating markers of iron status have been associated with obesity and adipose tissue in cross-sectional studies. We aimed to evaluate whether iron status is linked to changes in abdominal adipose tissue longitudinally. Subcutaneous abdominal tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and its quotient (pSAT) were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), at baseline and after one year of follow-up, in 131 (79 in follow-up) apparently healthy subjects, with and without obesity. Insulin sensitivity (euglycemic- hyperinsulinemic clamp) and markers of iron status were also evaluated. Baseline serum hepcidin (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002) and ferritin (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01)) were associated with an increase in VAT and SAT over one year in all subjects, while serum transferrin (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03) and total iron-binding capacity (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) were negatively associated. These associations were mainly observed in women and in subjects without obesity, and were independent of insulin sensitivity. After controlling for age and sex, serum hepcidin was significantly associated with changes in subcutaneous abdominal tissue index (iSAT) (β = 0.406, p = 0.007) and visceral adipose tissue index (iVAT) (β = 0.306, p = 0.04), while changes in insulin sensitivity (β = 0.287, p = 0.03) and fasting triglycerides (β = -0.285, p = 0.03) were associated with changes in pSAT. These data indicated that serum hepcidin are associated with longitudinal changes in SAT and VAT, independently of insulin sensitivity. This would be the first prospective study evaluating the redistribution of fat according to iron status and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hinojosa-Moscoso
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Motger-Albertí
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena De la Calle-Vargas
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marian Martí-Navas
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Carles Biarnés
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Blasco
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Diego Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of iron's central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with aging, nutrition, and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria V Harrison
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Felipe Ramos Lorenzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald A McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
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Ding X, Bian N, Wang J, Chang X, An Y, Wang G, Liu J. Serum Ferritin Levels Are Associated with Adipose Tissue Dysfunction-Related Indices in Obese Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:636-643. [PMID: 35297006 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about the role of iron status on adipose tissue. We aimed to investigate the association of iron metabolism markers with adipose tissue dysfunction-related indices in obese individuals. A total of 226 obese adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were recruited into the study. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, iron, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), and other clinical parameters were measured. Adipose tissue dysfunction was assessed by adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipose-IR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) index. Serum ferritin levels, adipose-IR, and VAI progressively increased from class I to class III obesity and significantly higher in class III obesity. Correlation analysis suggested that only serum ferritin levels were positively correlated with adipose-IR (r = 0.284, P < 0.001), VAI (r = 0.209, P = 0.002), and LAP (r = 0.324, P < 0.001). Moreover, further logistic regression analysis revealed serum ferritin was significantly associated with elevated adipose-IR, VAI, and LAP. After adjustment for potential confounders, serum ferritin levels remained independently associated with elevated adipose-IR (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.000-1.009, P < 0.05) and VAI (OR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.001-1.009, P < 0.05). Serum ferritin was associated with elevated adipose-IR, VAI, and LAP, suggesting that ferritin could be an important early indicator for the risk of developing adipose tissue dysfunction in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Nannan Bian
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang district, Beijing, 100020, China.
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High-Altitude Hypoxia Exposure Induces Iron Overload and Ferroptosis in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122367. [PMID: 36552575 PMCID: PMC9774922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) has become one of the most challenging environments featuring hypobaric hypoxia, which seriously threatens public health, hence its gradual attraction of public attention over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HA hypoxia on iron levels, redox state, inflammation, and ferroptosis in adipose tissue. Here, 40 mice were randomly divided into two groups: the sea-level group and HA hypoxia group (altitude of 5000 m, treatment for 4 weeks). Total iron contents, ferrous iron contents, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, the oxidative enzyme system, proinflammatory factor secretion, and ferroptosis-related biomarkers were examined, respectively. According to the results, HA exposure increases total iron and ferrous iron levels in both WAT and BAT. Meanwhile, ROS release, MDA, 4-HNE elevation, GSH depletion, as well as the decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities further evidenced a phenotype of redox imbalance in adipose tissue during HA exposure. Additionally, the secretion of inflammatory factors was also significantly enhanced in HA mice. Moreover, the remarkably changed expression of ferroptosis-related markers suggested that HA exposure increased ferroptosis sensitivity in adipose tissue. Overall, this study reveals that HA exposure is capable of inducing adipose tissue redox imbalance, inflammatory response, and ferroptosis, driven in part by changes in iron overload, which is expected to provide novel preventive targets for HA-related illness.
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Liu Z, Xu S, Zhang Z, Wang H, Jing Q, Zhang S, Liu M, Han J, Kou Y, Wei Y, Wang L, Wang Y. FAM96A is essential for maintaining organismal energy balance and adipose tissue homeostasis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:115-129. [PMID: 36150559 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The iron (Fe) metabolism plays important role in regulating systemic metabolism and obesity development. The Fe inside cells can form iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, which are usually assembled into target proteins with the help of a conserved cluster assembly machinery. Family with sequence similarity 96A (FAM96A; also designated CIAO2A) is a cytosolic Fe-S assembly protein involved in the regulation of cellular Fe homeostasis. However, the biological function of FAM96A in vivo is still incompletely defined. Here, we tested the role of FAM96A in regulating organismal Fe metabolism, which is relevant to obesity and adipose tissue homeostasis. We found that in mice genetically lacking FAM96A globally, intracellular Fe homeostasis was interrupted in both white and brown adipocytes, but the systemic Fe level was normal. FAM96A deficiency led to adipocyte hypertrophy and organismal energy expenditure reduction even under nonobesogenic normal chow diet-fed conditions. Mechanistically, FAM96A deficiency promoted mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in adipocytes, leading to an elevation of de novo lipogenesis and, therefore, fat mass accumulation. Furthermore, it also caused mitochondrial defects, including defects in mitochondrial number, ultrastructure, redox activity, and metabolic function in brown adipocytes, which are known to be critical for the control of energy balance. Moreover, adipocyte-selective FAM96A knockout partially phenocopied global FAM96A deficiency with adipocyte hypertrophy and organismal energy expenditure defects but the mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Thus, FAM96A in adipocytes may autonomously act as a critical gatekeeper of organismal energy balance by coupling Fe metabolism to adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shihong Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Qiyue Jing
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shenghan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jinzhi Han
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yanxia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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44
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Mayneris-Perxachs J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The role of iron in host-microbiota crosstalk and its effects on systemic glucose metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:683-698. [PMID: 35986176 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential element for the biological and physiological processes that are key for the preservation of metabolic homeostasis. In humans and other mammals, the bidirectional interactions between the bacterial component of the gut microbiota and the host for iron acquisition shape both host and microbiota metabolism. Bacterial functions influence host iron absorption, whereas the intake of iron, iron deficiency and iron excess in the host affect bacterial biodiversity, taxonomy and function, resulting in changes in bacterial virulence. These consequences of the host-microbial crosstalk affect systemic levels of iron, its storage in different tissues and host glucose metabolism. At the interface between the host and the microbiota, alterations in the host innate immune system and in circulating soluble factors that regulate iron (that is, hepcidin, lipocalin 2 and lactoferrin) are associated with metabolic disease. In fact, patients with obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance exhibit dysregulation in iron homeostasis and alterations in their gut microbiota profile. From an evolutionary point of view, the pursuit of two important nutrients - glucose and iron - has probably driven human evolution towards the most efficient pathways and genes for human survival and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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45
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Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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46
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Hasty AH. Iron at the intersection of macrophage-adipocyte interactions. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1434-1435. [PMID: 36329218 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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47
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Joffin N, Gliniak CM, Funcke JB, Paschoal VA, Crewe C, Chen S, Gordillo R, Kusminski CM, Oh DY, Geldenhuys WJ, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue macrophages exert systemic metabolic control by manipulating local iron concentrations. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1474-1494. [PMID: 36329217 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential to many fundamental biological processes, but its cellular compartmentalization and concentration must be tightly controlled. Although iron overload can contribute to obesity-associated metabolic deterioration, the subcellular localization and accumulation of iron in adipose tissue macrophages is largely unknown. Here, we show that macrophage mitochondrial iron levels control systemic metabolism in male mice by altering adipocyte iron concentrations. Using various transgenic mouse models to manipulate the macrophage mitochondrial matrix iron content in an inducible fashion, we demonstrate that lowering macrophage mitochondrial matrix iron increases numbers of M2-like macrophages in adipose tissue, lowers iron levels in adipocytes, attenuates inflammation and protects from high-fat-diet-induced metabolic deterioration. Conversely, elevating macrophage mitochondrial matrix iron increases M1-like macrophages and iron levels in adipocytes, exacerbates inflammation and worsens high-fat-diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. These phenotypes are robustly reproduced by transplantation of a small amount of fat from transgenic to wild-type mice. Taken together, we identify macrophage mitochondrial iron levels as a crucial determinant of systemic metabolic homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vivian A Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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48
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Fan Y, Qin M, Zhu J, Chen X, Luo J, Chen T, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xi Q. MicroRNA sensing and regulating microbiota-host crosstalk via diet motivation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4116-4133. [PMID: 36287029 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that diet-derived gut microbiota participates in the regulation of host metabolism and becomes the foundation for precision-based nutritional interventions and the biomarker for potential individual dietary recommendations. However, the specific mechanism of the gut microbiota-host crosstalk remains unclear. Recent studies have identified that noncoding RNAs, as important elements in the regulation of the initiation and termination of gene expression, mediate microbiota-host communication. Besides, the cross-kingdom regulation of non-host derived microRNAs also influence microbiota-host crosstalk via diet motivation. Hence, understanding the relationship between gut microbiota, miRNAs, and host metabolism is indispensable to revealing individual differences in dietary motivation and providing targeted recommendations and strategies. In this review, we first present an overview of the interaction between diet, host genetics, and gut microbiota and collected some latest research associated with microRNAs modulated gut microbiota and intestinal homeostasis. Then, specifically described the possible molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in sensing and regulating gut microbiota-host crosstalk. Lastly, summarized the prospect of microRNAs as biomarkers in disease diagnosis, and the disadvantages of microRNAs in regulating gut microbiota-host crosstalk. We speculated that microRNAs could become potential novel circulating biomarkers for personalized dietary strategies to achieve precise nutrition in future clinical research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotian Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengran Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
It is important to understand how different human organs coordinate and interact with each other. Since obesity and cardiac disease frequently coincide, the crosstalk between adipose tissues and heart has drawn attention. We appreciate that specific peptides/proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and even organelles shuttle between the adipose tissues and heart. These bioactive components can profoundly affect the metabolism of cells in distal organs, including heart. Importantly, this process can be dysregulated under pathophysiological conditions. This also opens the door to efforts targeting these mediators as potential therapeutic strategies to treat patients who manifest diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the recent progress toward a better understanding of how the adipose tissues and heart interact with each other.
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50
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Abstract
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole essential for diverse biological functions including gas transport and sensing, oxidative metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, heme is essential yet toxic in excess. As such, both iron and heme homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular and physiologic aspects of iron and heme metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; and export, recycling, and elimination, emphasizing studies published in recent years. We end with a discussion on current challenges and needs in the field of iron and heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dutt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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