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Pan MZ, Shen RC, Fu ZX, Lu ZZ, Ma BB, Liu TX. High-temperature responses of Myzus persicae and its parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis in relation to heat level, duration and developmental stage. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4628-4636. [PMID: 38877352 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how parasitoids respond to temperature is crucial for improving biological control strategies under the context of global warming. This study examined the suitability of Myzus persicae and its parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis to varying temperature conditions, as well as the stage-specific response of A. gifuensis to high temperatures. RESULTS High temperatures had a significant impact on the both M. persicae and A. gifuensis. When exposed to 36°C, M. persicae developed more slowly and produced smaller adults compared to control, regardless of the duration of exposure (2, 4 or 6 h); additionally, the survival rate of M. persicae nymphs sharply decreased under these conditions. Exposure to 36°C for 4 h negatively impacted the development of A. gifuensis. Female parasitoids exposed to 32°C developed into smaller adults, whereas males exposed to all three temperature levels were smaller compared to control group. Female parasitoids exposed to high temperatures, regardless of the specific heat level and duration, exhibited reduced longevity and decreased fecundity. None of the parasitoids exposed to 36°C for 6 h daily developed into adults. Heat treated during early developmental stages (2 and 4 days old) had a greater influence on parasitoid development, whereas heat treatment at 4 and 6 days old had a more significant impact on its fecundity. CONCLUSION High temperatures not only directly affected the performance of A. gifuensis, but also exerted indirect effects by influencing the quality of the host aphids M. persicae. The deleterious effects of high temperature on larvae can persist into the adult stage, affecting the longevity and reproduction of adults. These findings are important for the utilization of A. gifuensis in the control of M. persicae in warming environments. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Pan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Managemnent, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui-Chun Shen
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Managemnent, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Fu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Managemnent, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao-Zhi Lu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Managemnent, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei-Bei Ma
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Managemnent, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Bagni T, Bouanou M, Siaussat D, Maria A, Fuentes A, Couzi P, Massot M. Daily temperature fluctuation interacts with the mean temperature to increase the toxicity of a pyrethroid insecticide in a moth. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141888. [PMID: 38582169 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Climate change complicates ecotoxicology studies because species responses to pesticides depend on temperature. Classically illustrated by the effect of constant laboratory temperatures, a recent review revealed that the toxicity of pesticides is also often increased by daily temperature fluctuations. Here, we investigated the combined effects of daily temperature fluctuation and mean temperature on the toxicity of two insecticides in the moth Spodoptera littoralis. Our study tested the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin on larvae of six experimental groups that crossed three treatments of daily temperature fluctuations (0, 5 or 10 °C) and two treatments of mean temperatures (25 or 33 °C). We showed that daily temperature fluctuation increased larval mortality induced by chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. However, the response differed between the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin. The increase in chlorpyrifos toxicity by daily temperature fluctuation did not differ between mean temperatures of 25 and 33 °C. Remarkably, the increase in deltamethrin toxicity by daily temperature fluctuation was dependent on the crossed effects of the amplitude of daily fluctuation and mean temperature. This increase in deltamethrin toxicity occurred with a daily fluctuation of only 5 °C for larvae reared at 25 °C and a daily fluctuation of 10 °C in larvae reared at 33 °C. To confidently quantify the responses of insecticide toxicity to temperature, future ecotoxicology studies will have to evaluate the generality of the interaction between the effects of daily temperature fluctuation and mean temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Bagni
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mélissa Bouanou
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - David Siaussat
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Annick Maria
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Annabelle Fuentes
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Couzi
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Manuel Massot
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
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3
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Oborová V, Šugerková M, Gvoždík L. Sensitivity of amphibian embryos to timing and magnitude of present and future thermal extremes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:377-388. [PMID: 38327237 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature events. Unlike the gradual increase on average environmental temperatures, these short-term and unpredictable temperature extremes impact population dynamics of ectotherms through their effect on individual survival. While previous research has predominantly focused on the survival rate of terrestrial embryos under acute heat stress, less attention has been dedicated to the nonlethal effects of ecologically realistic timing and magnitude of temperature extremes on aquatic embryos. In this study, we investigated the influence of the timing and magnitude of current and projected temperature extremes on embryonic life history traits and hatchling behavior in the alpine newt, Ichthyosaura alpestris. Using a factorial experiment under controlled laboratory conditions, we exposed 3- or 10-day-old embryos to different regimes of extreme temperatures for 3 days. Our results show that exposure to different extreme temperature regimes led to a shortened embryonic development time and an increase in hatchling length, while not significantly affecting embryonic survival. The duration of development was sensitive to the timing of temperature extremes, as early exposure accelerated embryo development. Exposure to temperature extremes during embryonic development heightened the exploratory activity of hatched larvae. We conclude that the timing and magnitude of ecologically realistic temperature extremes during embryogenesis have nonlethal effects on life history and behavioral traits. This suggests that species' vulnerability to climate change might be determined by other ecophysiological traits beyond embryonic thermal tolerance in temperate pond-breeding amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentína Oborová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Šugerková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Douce P, Simon L, Colas F, Mermillod-Blondin F, Renault D, Sulmon C, Eymar-Dauphin P, Dubreucque R, Bittebiere AK. Warming drives feedback between plant phenotypes and ecosystem functioning in sub-Antarctic ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169504. [PMID: 38145689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that warming affects individuals in plant communities, ultimately threatening biodiversity. Individual plants in communities are also exposed to plant-plant interaction that may affect their performance. However, trait responses to these two constraints have usually been studied separately, while they may influence processes at the ecosystem level. In turn, these ecological modifications may impact the phenotypes of plants through nutrient availability and uptake. We developed an experimental approach based on the macrophyte communities in the ponds of the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. Individuals of the species Limosella australis were grown under different temperature × plant-plant interaction treatments to assess their trait responses and create litters with different characteristics. The litters were then decomposed in the presence of individual plants at different temperatures to examine effects on ecosystem functioning and potential feedback affecting plant trait values. Leaf resource-acquisition- and -conservation-related traits were altered in the context of temperature × plant-plant interaction. At 13 °C, SLA and leaf C:N were higher under interspecific and intraspecific interactions than without interaction, whereas at 23 °C, these traits increased under intraspecific interaction only. These effects only slightly improved the individual performance, suggesting that plant-plant interaction is an additional selective pressure on individuals in the context of climate warming. The decay rate of litter increased with the Leaf Carbon Content at 13 °C and 18 °C, but decreased at 23 °C. The highest decay rate was recorded at 18 °C. Besides, we observed evidence of positive feedback of the decay rate alone, and in interaction with the temperature, respectively on the leaf C:N and Leaf Dry Matter Content, suggesting that variations in ecological processes affect plant phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate that warming can directly and indirectly affect the evolutionary and ecological processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems through plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Douce
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Simon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fanny Colas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - David Renault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F 35000 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Pauline Eymar-Dauphin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Roman Dubreucque
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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5
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Bagni T, Siaussat D, Maria A, Fuentes A, Couzi P, Massot M. Fitness under high temperatures is overestimated when daily thermal fluctuation is ignored. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103806. [PMID: 38335848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Experimental studies on the thermal biology of organisms have become crucial to investigate the impact of climate warming. However, most laboratory studies are carried out under constant temperatures and assume a negligible effect from daily fluctuating temperatures. We tested this assumption on multiple fitness traits of the moth Spodoptera littoralis, and a literature review on insects complements this study. Tests on S. littoralis focused on its optimal and maximal critical temperatures by comparing constant and daily fluctuating temperatures (±5 °C) at mean temperatures of 25, 29 and 33 °C. The nine fitness parameters investigated were influenced by mean temperature. The overall effect was a maximal multiplication rate at 29 °C and a marked decrease under the fluctuating regime at 33 °C. Effects of fluctuating temperatures differed between mean temperatures. Developmental and larval survival rates at 33 °C were lower under the fluctuating thermal regime than under a constant temperature. Our literature review also illustrates that ignoring daily fluctuations based on constant temperatures commonly leads to overestimate fitness traits at high temperatures. Overlooking the experimental bias associated with constant temperatures minimizes the expected impact of climate warming on fitness traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Bagni
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - David Siaussat
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Annick Maria
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Fuentes
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Couzi
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Massot
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAe, IRD, Université Paris Créteil, Université Paris cité, F-75005, Paris, France
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6
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Mangold-Döring A, Baas J, van den Brink PJ, Focks A, van Nes EH. Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Model to Assess Thermal Stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21029-21037. [PMID: 38062939 PMCID: PMC10734255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting the distribution and performance of ectothermic organisms. This study introduces a new temperature damage model to interpret their thermal stress. Inspired by the ecotoxicological damage model in the General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) framework, the temperature damage model assumes that damage depends on the balance between temperature-dependent accumulation and constant repair. Mortality due to temperature stress is driven by the damage level exceeding a threshold. Model calibration showed a good agreement with the measured survival of Gammarus pulex exposed to different constant temperatures. Further, model simulations, including constant temperatures, daily temperature fluctuations, and heatwaves, demonstrated the model's ability to predict temperature effects for various environmental scenarios. With this, the present study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of temperature as a single stressor while facilitating the incorporation of temperature as an additional stressor alongside chemicals in mechanistic multistressor effect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Mangold-Döring
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Baas
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van den Brink
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Focks
- System
Science Group/Institute of Mathematics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 12, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Egbert H. van Nes
- Department
of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Wang YR, Samset BH, Stordal F, Bryn A, Hessen DO. Past and future trends of diurnal temperature range and their correlation with vegetation assessed by MODIS and CMIP6. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166727. [PMID: 37673261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature anomalies and changes in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are expected to pose physiological challenges to biota; hence, both spatial and temporal variations in DTR provide important insights into temperature-induced stress in humans, animals, and vegetation. Furthermore, vegetation could dampen temperature variability. Here, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data of Land Surface Temperature (LST) to evaluate the global variation in DTR and its rate of change in spatial and temporal scales for the two decades spanning from 2001 to 2020. We show that North America, Africa, and Antarctica, as well as the global mean, experienced statistically significant DTR rates of change over the last 20 years in either summer, winter, or the annual mean. The rates were all negative, indicating the day-night temperature differences are decreasing in those regions because night temperatures are increasing at a faster rate than day temperatures. MODIS data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed a strongly negative correlation with DTR, with a spatial correlation coefficient of -0.61. This correlation demonstrates a prominent dampening effect of vegetation on diurnal temperature oscillations. For future DTR projections, we used 19 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) to predict global DTR trends from 2021 to 2050 with low and high CO2 concentration scenarios. The high CO2 emission scenario projects significant decreases in DTR in circumpolar regions, central Africa, and India compared to the low CO2 scenario. This difference in the two scenarios underscores the substantial influence of increased global temperatures and elevated CO2 concentration on DTR and, consequently, on the ecosystems in certain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Wang
- Dept. Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Affairs, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Dept. Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
| | - Bjørn H Samset
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Frode Stordal
- Dept. Geosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Anders Bryn
- Natural History Museum and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Dept. Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
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8
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Sáenz-Romero C, Cambrón-Sandoval VH, Hammond W, Méndez-González J, Luna-Soria H, Macías-Sámano JE, Gómez-Romero M, Trejo-Ramírez O, Allen CD, Gómez-Pineda E, Del-Val E. Abundance of Dendroctonus frontalis and D. mexicanus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) along altitudinal transects in Mexico: Implications of climatic change for forest conservation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288067. [PMID: 37405993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bark beetle infestations have historically been primary drivers of stand thinning in Mexican pine forests. However, bark beetle impacts have become increasingly extensive and intense, apparently associated with climate change. Our objective was to describe the possible association between abundance of bark beetle flying populations and the occurrence of given value intervals of temperature, precipitation and their balance, in order to have a better comprehension of the climatic space that might trigger larger insect abundances, an issue relevant in the context of the ongoing climatic change. Here, we monitored the abundance of two of the most important bark beetle species in Mexico, Dendroctonus frontalis and D. mexicanus. We sampled 147 sites using pheromone-baited funnel traps along 24 altitudinal transects in 11 Mexican states, from northwestern Chihuahua to southeastern Chiapas, from 2015 to 2017. Through mixed model analysis, we found that the optimum Mean Annual Temperatures were 17°C-20°C for D. frontalis in low-elevation pine-oak forest, while D. mexicanus had two optimal intervals: 11-13°C and 15-18°C. Higher atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (≥ 1.0) was correlated with higher D. frontalis abundances, indicating that warming-amplified drought stress intensifies trees' vulnerability to beetle attack. As temperatures and drought stress increase further with projected future climatic changes, it is likely that these Dendroctonus species will increase tree damage at higher elevations. Pine forests in Mexico are an important source of livelihood for communities inhabiting those areas, so providing tools to tackle obstacles to forest growth and health posed by changing climate is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | | | - William Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge Méndez-González
- Departamento Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Hugo Luna-Soria
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Mariela Gómez-Romero
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Cátedras of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Trejo-Ramírez
- Dirección General de Gestión Forestal y de Suelos, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Craig D Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Erika Gómez-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Ek Del-Val
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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9
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Chan SF, Rubenstein DR, Chen IC, Fan YM, Tsai HY, Zheng YW, Shen SF. Higher temperature variability in deforested mountain regions impacts the competitive advantage of nocturnal species. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230529. [PMID: 37221845 PMCID: PMC10206452 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deforestation is a major contributor to biodiversity loss, yet the impact of forest loss on daily microclimate variability and its implications for species with different daily activity patterns remain poorly understood. Using a recently developed microclimate model, we investigated the effects of deforestation on the daily temperature range (DTR) in low-elevation tropical regions and high-elevation temperate regions. Our results show that deforestation substantially increases DTR in these areas, suggesting a potential impact on species interactions. To test this hypothesis, we studied the competitive interactions between nocturnal burying beetles and all-day-active blowfly maggots in forested and deforested habitats in Taiwan. We show that deforestation leads to increased DTR at higher elevations, which enhances the competitiveness of blowfly maggots during the day and leads to a higher failure rate of carcass burial by the beetles at night. Thus, deforestation-induced temperature variability not only modulates exploitative competition between species with different daily activity patterns, but also likely exacerbates the negative impacts of climate change on nocturnal organisms. In order to limit potential adverse effects on species interactions and their ecological functions, our study highlights the need to protect forests, especially in areas where deforestation can greatly alter temperature variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Fan Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Dustin R. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Center for Integrative Animal Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Meng Fan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tsai
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuan-Wen Zheng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Shen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677 Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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10
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Ferguson LV, Adamo SA. From perplexing to predictive: are we ready to forecast insect disease susceptibility in a warming world? J Exp Biol 2023; 226:288412. [PMID: 36825944 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Insects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways, including changes to their immune systems and the ability to fight infection. Whether predicted changes in temperature will contribute to insect mortality or success, and the role of disease in their future survival, remains unclear. Although heat can enhance immunity by activating the integrated defense system (e.g. via the production of protective molecules such as heat-shock proteins) and accelerating enzyme activity, heat can also compromise the immune system through energetic-resource trade-offs and damage. The responses to heat are highly variable among species. The reasons for this variability are poorly known, and we are lagging in our understanding of how and why the immune system responds to changes in temperature. In this Commentary, we highlight the variation in insect immune responses to heat and the likely underlying mechanisms. We suggest that we are currently limited in our ability to predict the effects of rising temperatures on insect immunity and disease susceptibility, largely owing to incomplete information, coupled with a lack of tools for data integration. Moreover, existing data are concentrated on a relatively small number of insect Orders. We provide suggestions for a path towards making more accurate predictions, which will require studies with realistic temperature exposures and housing design, and a greater understanding of both the thermal biology of the immune system and connections between immunity and the physiological responses to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Shelley A Adamo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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11
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Xing K, Zhang SM, Jia MQ, Zhao F. Response of wheat aphid to insecticides is influenced by the interaction between temperature amplitudes and insecticide characteristics. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1188917. [PMID: 37168226 PMCID: PMC10165072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1188917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Climate change not only directly affects the phenotype of organisms but also indirectly impacts their physiology, for example, by altering their susceptibility to insecticides. Changed diurnal temperature fluctuations are an important aspect of climate change; ignoring the impact of these fluctuations on the biological effects of various chemical insecticides can lead to inaccurate assessments of insecticide risk under the current and future climate change scenarios. Methods: In this study, we studied effects of different temperature amplitudes (± 0, ± 6, ± 12°C) at the same mean temperature (22°C) on the life history traits of a globally distributed pest (Sitobion avenae, wheat aphid), in response to low doses of two insecticides. The first, imidacloprid shows a positive temperature coefficient; the second, beta-cypermethrin has a negative temperature coefficient. Results: Compared with the results seen with the constant temperature (22°C), a wide temperature amplitude (± 12°C) amplified the negative effects of imidacloprid on the survival, longevity, and fecundity of S. avenae, but significantly increased the early fecundity of the wheat aphid. Beta-cypermethrin positively impacted the wheat aphid at all temperature amplitudes studied. Specifically, beta-cypermethrin significantly increased the survival, longevity, and fecundity of S. avenae under medium temperature amplitude (± 6°C). There were no significant differences in the survival, longevity, and the early fecundity of S. avenae when it was treated with beta-cypermethrin at the wide temperature amplitude (± 12°C). However, the negative effect of beta-cypermethrin on the intrinsic rate of increase of S. avenae decreased gradually with the increase in temperature amplitude. Discussion: In conclusion, the response of S. avenae to positive temperature coefficient insecticides was markedly affected by temperature amplitude, while negative temperature coefficient insecticides increased the environmental adaptability of S. avenae to various temperature amplitudes. Our results highlight the importance of the integrated consideration of diurnal temperature fluctuations and different temperature coefficient insecticide interactions in climate-change-linked insecticide risk assessment; these results emphasize the need for a more fine-scale approach within the context of climate change and poison sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shouyang, China
| | - Shu-Ming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shouyang, China
| | - Mei-Qi Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shouyang, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shouyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Zhao,
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12
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Kefford BJ, Ghalambor CK, Dewenter B, Poff NL, Hughes J, Reich J, Thompson R. Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6872-6888. [PMID: 36177681 PMCID: PMC9828456 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is increasing mean temperatures and altering temperature variability at multiple temporal scales. To better understand the consequences of changes in thermal variability for ectotherms it is necessary to consider thermal variation at different time scales (i.e., acute, diel, and annual) and the responses of organisms within and across generations. Thermodynamics constrain acute responses to temperature, but within these constraints and over longer time periods, organisms have the scope to adaptively acclimate or evolve. Yet, hypotheses and predictions about responses to future warming tend not to explicitly consider the temporal scale at which temperature varies. Here, focusing on multicellular ectothermic animals, we argue that consideration of multiple processes and constraints associated with various timescales is necessary to better understand how altered thermal variability because of climate change will affect ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Beatrice Dewenter
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - N. LeRoy Poff
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jane Hughes
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jollene Reich
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Ross Thompson
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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13
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Brusch GA, Le Galliard J, Viton R, Gavira RSB, Clobert J, Lourdais O. Reproducing in a changing world: combined effects of thermal conditions by day and night and of water constraints during pregnancy in a cold‐adapted ectotherm. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Brusch
- Biological Sciences, California State Univ. San Marcos San Marcos CA USA
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Inst. d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (IEES) Paris Cedex 5 France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Univ., Dépt de Biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Robin Viton
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| | | | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State Univ. Tempe AZ USA
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14
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Stoks R, Tüzün N. Editorial overview: global change: coping with the complexity of interacting stressors, interacting responses, and their feedback loops. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 53:100949. [PMID: 35809858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robby Stoks
- Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, IGB Berlin (Leibniz Institute of freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Ørsted M, Jørgensen LB, Overgaard J. Finding the right thermal limit: a framework to reconcile ecological, physiological and methodological aspects of CTmax in ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:277015. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Upper thermal limits (CTmax) are frequently used to parameterize the fundamental niche of ectothermic animals and to infer biogeographical distribution limits under current and future climate scenarios. However, there is considerable debate associated with the methodological, ecological and physiological definitions of CTmax. The recent (re)introduction of the thermal death time (TDT) model has reconciled some of these issues and now offers a solid mathematical foundation to model CTmax by considering both intensity and duration of thermal stress. Nevertheless, the physiological origin and boundaries of this temperature–duration model remain unexplored. Supported by empirical data, we here outline a reconciling framework that integrates the TDT model, which operates at stressful temperatures, with the classic thermal performance curve (TPC) that typically describes biological functions at permissive temperatures. Further, we discuss how the TDT model is founded on a balance between disruptive and regenerative biological processes that ultimately defines a critical boundary temperature (Tc) separating the TDT and TPC models. Collectively, this framework allows inclusion of both repair and accumulation of heat stress, and therefore also offers a consistent conceptual approach to understand the impact of high temperature under fluctuating thermal conditions. Further, this reconciling framework allows improved experimental designs to understand the physiological underpinnings and ecological consequences of ectotherm heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ørsted
- Aarhus University Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology , , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Overgaard
- Aarhus University Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology , , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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16
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Buckley LB. Temperature-sensitive development shapes insect phenological responses to climate change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100897. [PMID: 35257968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenological shifts vary within and among insect species and locations based on exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Shifts in environmental conditions and seasonal constraints along elevation and latitudinal gradients can select for differences in temperature sensitivity that generate differential phenological shifts. I examine the phenological implications of observed variation in developmental traits. Coupling physiological and ecological insight to link the environmental sensitivity of development to phenology and fitness offers promise in understanding variable phenological responses to climate change and their community and ecosystem implications. A key challenge in establishing these linkages is extrapolating controlled, laboratory experiments to temporally variable, natural environments. New lab and field experiments that incorporate realistic environmental variation are needed to test the extrapolations. Establishing the linkages can aid understanding and anticipating impacts of climate change on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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17
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Verheyen J, Delnat V, Theys C. Daily temperature fluctuations can magnify the toxicity of pesticides. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 51:100919. [PMID: 35390505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We review the effect of daily temperature fluctuations (DTF), a key thermal factor predicted to increase under climate change, on pesticide toxicity. The effect of DTF on pesticide toxicity may be explained by: (i) a DTF-specific mechanism (caused by Jensen's inequality) and (ii) general mechanisms underlying an increased pesticide toxicity at both higher (increased energetic costs, pesticide uptake and metabolic conversion) and lower constant temperatures (lower organismal metabolic and associated elimination rates, increased sodium channel modulated nervous system vulnerability and energetic costs). Furthermore, DTF may enhance pesticide-induced reductions in heat tolerance due to stronger effects on oxygen demand (increase) and oxygen supply (decrease). Our literature review showed considerable support that DTF increase the negative impact of pesticides on insects, especially in terms of decreased survival. Therefore, we suggest that considering DTF in ecotoxicological studies may be of great importance to better protect biodiversity in our warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vienna Delnat
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Theys
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Moore ME, Hill CA, Kingsolver JG. Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host-parasitoid interactions. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8618. [PMID: 35342573 PMCID: PMC8932226 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When thermal tolerances differ between interacting species, extreme temperature events (heat waves) will alter the ecological outcomes. The parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata suffers high mortality when reared throughout development at temperatures that are nonstressful for its host, Manduca sexta. However, the effects of short-term heat stress during parasitoid development are unknown in this host-parasitoid system.Here, we investigate how duration of exposure, daily maximum temperature, and the developmental timing of heat waves impact the performance of C. congregata and its host¸ M. sexta. We find that the developmental timing of short-term heat waves strongly determines parasitoid and host outcomes.Heat waves during parasitoid embryonic development resulted in complete wasp mortality and the production of giant, long-lived hosts. Heat waves during the 1st-instar had little effect on wasp success, whereas heat waves during the parasitoid's nutritionally and hormonally critical 2nd instar greatly reduced wasp emergence and eclosion. The temperature and duration of heat waves experienced early in development determined what proportion of hosts had complete parasitoid mortality and abnormal phenotypes.Our results suggest that the timing of extreme temperature events will be crucial to determining the ecological impacts on this host-parasitoid system. Discrepancies in thermal tolerance between interacting species and across development will have important ramifications on ecosystem responses to climate change.
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19
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Porras MF, Agudelo-Cantero GA, Santiago-Martínez MG, Navas CA, Loeschcke V, Sørensen JG, Rajotte EG. Fungal infections lead to shifts in thermal tolerance and voluntary exposure to extreme temperatures in both prey and predator insects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21710. [PMID: 34741040 PMCID: PMC8571377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can modify many aspects of host behavior or physiology with cascading impacts across trophic levels in terrestrial food webs. These changes include thermal tolerance of hosts, however the effects of fungal infections on thermal tolerances and behavioral responses to extreme temperatures (ET) across trophic levels have rarely been studied. We examined how a fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, affects upper and lower thermal tolerance, and behavior of an herbivorous insect, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and its predator beetle, Hippodamia convergens. We compared changes in thermal tolerance limits (CTMin and CTMax), thermal boldness (voluntary exposure to ET), energetic cost (ATP) posed by each response (thermal tolerance and boldness) between healthy insects and insects infected with two fungal loads. Fungal infection reduced CTMax of both aphids and beetles, as well as CTMin of beetles. Fungal infection modified the tendency, or boldness, of aphids and predator beetles to cross either warm or cold ET zones (ETZ). ATP levels increased with pathogen infection in both insect species, and the highest ATP levels were found in individuals that crossed cold ETZ. Fungal infection narrowed the thermal tolerance range and inhibited thermal boldness behaviors to cross ET. As environmental temperatures rise, response to thermal stress will be asymmetric among members of a food web at different trophic levels, which may have implications for predator-prey interactions, food web structures, and species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzy F Porras
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Gustavo A Agudelo-Cantero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Tv 14, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- Department of Biology - Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Geovanni Santiago-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 308B Althouse Lab., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Carlos A Navas
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 101, Tv 14, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Biology - Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Department of Biology - Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Bldg., University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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20
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Matthaei CD. Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5469-5490. [PMID: 34418243 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7-week streamside experiment using 128 flow-through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast- and slow-flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast-flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution-sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10-day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete-, crustacean- and gastropod-dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Iltis C, Tougeron K, Hance T, Louâpre P, Foray V. A perspective on insect-microbe holobionts facing thermal fluctuations in a climate-change context. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:18-29. [PMID: 34713541 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature influences the ecology and evolution of insects and their symbionts by impacting each partner independently and their interactions, considering the holobiont as a primary unit of selection. There are sound data about the responses of these partnerships to constant temperatures and sporadic thermal stress (mostly heat shock). However, the current understanding of the thermal ecology of insect-microbe holobionts remains patchy because the complex thermal fluctuations (at different spatial and temporal scales) experienced by these organisms in nature have often been overlooked experimentally. This may drastically constrain our ability to predict the fate of mutualistic interactions under climate change, which will alter both mean temperatures and thermal variability. Here, we tackle down these issues by focusing on the effects of temperature fluctuations on the evolutionary ecology of insect-microbe holobionts. We propose potentially worth-investigating research avenues to (i) evaluate the relevance of theoretical concepts used to predict the biological impacts of temperature fluctuations when applied to holobionts; (ii) acknowledge the plastic (behavioural thermoregulation, physiological acclimation) and genetic responses (evolution) expressed by holobionts in fluctuating thermal environments; and (iii) explore the potential impacts of previously unconsidered patterns of temperature fluctuations on the outcomes and the dynamic of these insect-microbe associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Iltis
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Kévin Tougeron
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.,UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN (Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Vincent Foray
- UMR CNRS 7261 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Université de Tours, Parc Grandmont, Tours, 37200, France
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22
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Brans KI, Tüzün N, Sentis A, De Meester L, Stoks R. Cryptic eco-evolutionary feedback in the city: Urban evolution of prey dampens the effect of urban evolution of the predator. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:514-526. [PMID: 34606084 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most research on eco-evolutionary feedbacks focuses on ecological consequences of evolution in a single species. This ignores the fact that evolution in response to a shared environmental factor in multiple species involved in interactions could alter the net cumulative effect of evolution on ecology. We empirically tested whether urbanization-driven evolution in a predator (nymphs of the damselfly Ischnura elegans) and its prey (the water flea Daphnia magna) jointly shape the outcome of predation under simulated heatwaves. Both interactors show genetic trait adaptation to urbanization, particularly to higher temperatures. We cross-exposed common-garden reared damselflies and Daphnia from replicated urban and rural populations, and quantified predation rates and functional response traits. Urban damselfly nymphs showed higher encounter and predation rates than rural damselflies when exposed to rural prey, but this difference disappeared when they preyed on urban Daphnia. This represents a case of a cryptic evo-to-eco feedback, where the evolution of one species dampens the effects of the evolution of another species on their interaction strength. The effects of evolution of each single species were strong: the scenario in which only the predator or prey was adapted to urbanization resulted in a c. 250% increase in encounter rate and a c. 25% increase in predation rate, compared to the rural predator-rural prey combination. Our results provide unique evidence for eco-evolutionary feedbacks in cities, and underscore the importance of a multi-species approach in eco-evolutionary dynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Gols R, Ojeda-Prieto LM, Li K, van der Putten WH, Harvey JA. Within-patch and edge microclimates vary over a growing season and are amplified during a heatwave: Consequences for ectothermic insects. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103006. [PMID: 34420636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Embedded in longer term warming are extreme climatic events such as heatwaves and droughts that are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity. Changes in climate attributes such as temperature are often measured over larger spatial scales, whereas environmental conditions to which many small ectothermic arthropods are exposed are largely determined by small-scale local conditions. Exposed edges of plant patches often exhibit significant short-term (daily) variation to abiotic factors due to wind exposure and sun radiation. By contrast, within plant patches, abiotic conditions are generally much more stable and thus less variable. Over an eight-week period in the summer of 2020, including an actual heatwave, we measured small-scale (1 m2) temperature variation in patches of forbs in experimental mesocosms. We found that soil surface temperatures at the edge of the mesocosms were more variable than those within mesocosms. Drought treatment two years earlier, amplified this effect but only at the edges of the mesocosms. Within a plant patch both at the soil surface and within the canopy, the temperature was always lower than the ambient air temperature. The temperature of the soil surface at the edge of a patch may exceed the ambient air temperature when ambient air temperatures rise above 23 °C. This effect progressively increased with ambient temperature. We discuss how microscale-variation in temperature may affect small ectotherms such as insects that have limited ability to thermoregulate, in particular under conditions of extreme heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L M Ojeda-Prieto
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Li
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - W H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Drosophila Host Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070647. [PMID: 34357307 PMCID: PMC8303993 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is particularly important for ectotherms, including endoparasitoid wasps that develop inside another ectotherm host. In this study, we tested the impact of three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) on the host-parasitoid immune interaction using two Drosophila host species (Drosophila melanogaster and D. yakuba) and two parasitoid lines of Leptopilina boulardi. Drosophila's immune defense against parasitoids consists of the formation of a melanized capsule surrounding the parasitoid egg. To counteract this response, Leptopilina parasitoids rely on the injection of venom during oviposition. Here, we tested the effect of temperature on parasitic success and host encapsulation capacity in response to a parasitoid egg or other foreign body. Increased temperature either promoted or did not affect the parasitic success, depending on the parasitoid-host pairs considered. The mechanisms behind the higher success seemed to vary depending on whether the temperature primarily affected the host immune response or also affected the parasitoid counter-immune response. Next, we tested the effect of parasitoid rearing temperature on its success and venom composition. Venom composition varied strongly with temperature for both parasitoid lines, partially consistent with a change in their parasitic success. Overall, temperature may have a significant impact on the host-parasitoid immune interaction.
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25
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Salsbery ME, DeLong JP. Thermal adaptation in a holobiont accompanied by phenotypic changes in an endosymbiont. Evolution 2021; 75:2074-2084. [PMID: 34192342 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How and if organisms can adapt to changing temperatures has drastic consequences for the natural world. Thermal adaptation involves finding a match between temperatures permitting growth and the expected temperature distribution of the environment. However, if and how this match is achieved, and how tightly linked species change together, is poorly understood. Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate that has a tight physiological interaction with endosymbiotic green algae (zoochlorellae). We subjected a wild population of P. bursaria to a cold and warm climate (20 and 32℃) for ∼300 generations. We then measured the thermal performance curve (TPC) for intrinsic rate of growth (rmax ) for these evolved lines across temperatures. We also evaluated number and size of the zoochlorellae populations within paramecia cells. TPCs for warm-adapted populations were shallower and broader than TPCs of cold-adapted populations, indicating that the warm populations adapted by moving along a thermal generalist/specialist trade off rather than right-shifting the TPC. Zoochlorellae populations within cold-adapted paramecia had fewer and larger zoochlorellae than hot-adapted paramecia, indicating phenotypic shifts in the endosymbiont accompany thermal adaptation in the host. Our results provide new and novel insight into how species involved in complex interactions will be affected by continuing increasing global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Salsbery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
| | - John P DeLong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588
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26
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Kingsolver JG, Malinski KH, Parker AL. Connecting extreme climatic events to changes in ecological interactions. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna L. Parker
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
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27
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Hector TE, Sgrò CM, Hall MD. Temperature and pathogen exposure act independently to drive host phenotypic trajectories. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210072. [PMID: 34129797 PMCID: PMC8205525 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural populations are experiencing an increase in the occurrence of both thermal stress and disease outbreaks. How these two common stressors interact to determine host phenotypic shifts will be important for population persistence, yet a myriad of different traits and pathways are a target of both stressors, making generalizable predictions difficult to obtain. Here, using the host Daphnia magna and its bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa, we tested how temperature and pathogen exposure interact to drive shifts in multivariate host phenotypes. We found that these two stressors acted mostly independently to shape host phenotypic trajectories, with temperature driving a faster pace of life by favouring early development and increased intrinsic population growth rates, while pathogen exposure impacted reproductive potential through reductions in lifetime fecundity. Studies focussed on extreme thermal stress are increasingly showing how pathogen exposure can severely hamper the thermal tolerance of a host. However, our results suggest that under milder thermal stress, and in terms of life-history traits, increases in temperature might not exacerbate the impact of pathogen exposure on host performance, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Hector
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew D Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.,Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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28
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Parisi MG, Giacoletti A, Mandaglio C, Cammarata M, Sarà G. The entangled multi-level responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) to environmental stressors as detected by an integrated approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105292. [PMID: 33756251 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure adds up and interacts with the effects of climate change with a varying magnitude and potential changes depend on species' Life History (LH) traits, local environmental conditions and co-occurrence of several stressors. Stressors exert negative effects on marine biota when acting as a single factor, but the effects may be amplified when more than one stressor work in combination, producing interacting effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The impairment of individual functional traits (FT) leads to strong rebounds on LH traits and this may have ecological consequences. No studies actually relate FT and antioxidant enzymes to multiple environmental stressors. In this paper we investigate the effects of food concentration, temperature and hypoxia on metabolic traits as expressed by a proxy such as respiration rate and feeding behaviour and on antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione S-Transferase, Glutathione peroxidase) for the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to three temperatures (12, 20 and 28 °C) under normoxic (8 mg O2 l-1) and hypoxic (~2 mg O2 l-1) conditions, with varying food concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 3.5 μg of chlorophyll l-1. The results show that FTs and antioxidant enzymes were affected by temperature, hypoxia and food availability, and outcome allowed us to emphasise that a multi-scalar integrated approach is suitable to detect and monitor effects of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Parisi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Giacoletti
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Mandaglio
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cammarata
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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29
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Pintanel P, Tejedo M, Salinas-Ivanenko S, Jervis P, Merino-Viteri A. Predators like it hot: Thermal mismatch in a predator-prey system across an elevational tropical gradient. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1985-1995. [PMID: 33942306 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may have dramatic consequences for communities through both direct effects of peak temperatures upon individual species and through interspecific mismatches in thermal sensitivities of interacting organisms which mediate changes in interspecific interactions (i.e. predation). Despite this, there is a paucity of information on the patterns of spatial physiological sensitivity of interacting species (at both landscape and local scales) which could ultimately influence geographical variation in the effects of climate change on community processes. In order to assess where these impacts may occur, we first need to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity in the degree of mismatch in thermal tolerances between interacting organisms. We quantify the magnitude of interspecific mismatch in maximum (CTmax ) and minimum (CTmin ) thermal tolerances among a predator-prey system of dragonfly and anuran larvae in tropical montane (242-3,631 m) and habitat (ponds and streams) gradients. To compare thermal mismatches between predator and prey, we coined the parameters maximum and minimum predatory tolerance margins (PTMmax and PTMmin ), or difference in CTmax and CTmin of interacting organisms sampled across elevational and habitat gradients. Our analyses revealed that: (a) predators exhibit higher heat tolerances than prey (~4°C), a trend which remained stable across habitats and elevations. In contrast, we found no differences in minimum thermal tolerances between these groups. (b) Maximum and minimum thermal tolerances of both predators and prey decreased with elevation, but only maximum thermal tolerance varied across habitats, with pond species exhibiting higher heat tolerance than stream species. (c) Pond-dwelling organisms from low elevations (0-1,500 m a.s.l.) may be more susceptible to direct effects of warming than their highland counterparts because their maximum thermal tolerances are only slightly higher than their exposed maximum environmental temperatures. The greater relative thermal tolerance of dragonfly naiad predators may further increase the vulnerability of lowland tadpoles to warming due to potentially enhanced indirect effects of higher predation rates by more heat-tolerant dragonfly predators. However, further experimental work is required to establish the individual and population-level consequences of this thermal tolerance mismatch upon biotic interactions such as predator-prey. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pintanel
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Department for Posgraduate Studies, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sofia Salinas-Ivanenko
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Phillip Jervis
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrés Merino-Viteri
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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30
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Wang Y, Sentis A, Tüzün N, Stoks R. Thermal evolution ameliorates the long‐term plastic effects of warming, temperature fluctuations and heat waves on predator–prey interaction strength. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Jie Wang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix‐Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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31
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Iltis C, Louâpre P, Vogelweith F, Thiéry D, Moreau J. How to stand the heat? Post-stress nutrition and developmental stage determine insect response to a heat wave. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 131:104214. [PMID: 33662375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are increasingly confronted with intense and long-lasting heat waves. In insects, the effects of heat waves on individual performance can vary in magnitude both within (e.g. from one larval instar to another) and between life stages. However, the reasons underlying these stage-dependent effects are not fully understood. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that individual ability to withstand a heat stress depends on mechanisms based on nutrition and supporting energetically physiological stress responses. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that the efficiency of these food-based buffering mechanisms may vary between different larval instars of a phytophagous insect. Using larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana, we examined the importance of post-stress food quality in insect response to a non-lethal heat wave at two distinct larval instars. Three major conclusions were drawn from this work. First, heat waves induced an overall decline in larval performance (delayed development, depressed immunity). Second, food quality primarily mediated the insect's ability to respond to the heat stress: the reduction in performance following heat wave application was mostly restricted to individuals with access to low-quality food after the heat stress. Third, larval instars differed in their susceptibility to this combination of thermal and food stressors, but conclusions about the instar being the most vulnerable differed in a trait-specific manner. In a global warming context, this study may shed additional light on the combination of direct and indirect (through alteration of plant nutritional value) effects of rising temperatures on the ecology and the evolution of phytophagous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Iltis
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Philippe Louâpre
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | | | - Denis Thiéry
- UMR INRAe 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon, France.
| | - Jérôme Moreau
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France; UMR 7372 Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
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32
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van Doan C, Pfander M, Guyer AS, Zhang X, Maurer C, Robert CA. Natural enemies of herbivores maintain their biological control potential under short-term exposure to future CO 2, temperature, and precipitation patterns. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4182-4192. [PMID: 33976802 PMCID: PMC8093683 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will profoundly alter the physiology and ecology of plants, insect herbivores, and their natural enemies, resulting in strong effects on multitrophic interactions. Yet, manipulative studies that investigate the direct combined impacts of changes in CO2, temperature, and precipitation on the third trophic level remain rare. Here, we assessed how exposure to elevated CO2, increased temperature, and decreased precipitation directly affect the performance and predation success of species from four major groups of herbivore natural enemies: an entomopathogenic nematode, a wolf spider, a ladybug, and a parasitoid wasp. A four-day exposure to future climatic conditions (RCP 8.5), entailing a 28% decrease in precipitation, a 3.4°C raise in temperature, and a 400 ppm increase in CO2 levels, slightly reduced the survival of entomopathogenic nematodes, but had no effect on the survival of other species. Predation success was not negatively affected in any of the tested species, but it was even increased for wolf spiders and entomopathogenic nematodes. Factorial manipulation of climate variables revealed a positive effect of reduced soil moisture on nematode infectivity, but not of increased temperature or elevated CO2. These results suggest that natural enemies of herbivores may be well adapted to short-term changes in climatic conditions. These findings provide mechanistic insights that will inform future efforts to disentangle the complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors that drive climate-dependent changes in multitrophic interaction networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong van Doan
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Marc Pfander
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Anouk S. Guyer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Present address:
AgroscopeWädenswilSwitzerland
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Corina Maurer
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Present address:
Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscopeZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christelle A.M. Robert
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
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33
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Kingsolver JG, Moore ME, Augustine KE, Hill CA. Responses of Manduca sexta larvae to heat waves. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:238099. [PMID: 34424973 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of heat waves and other extreme weather events experienced by organisms. How does the number and developmental timing of heat waves affect survival, growth and development of insects? Do heat waves early in development alter performance later in development? We addressed these questions using experimental heat waves with larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The experiments used diurnally fluctuating temperature treatments differing in the number (0-3) and developmental timing (early, middle and/or late in larval development) of heat waves, in which a single heat wave involved three consecutive days with a daily maximum temperature of 42°C. Survival to pupation declined with increasing number of heat waves. Multiple (but not single) heat waves significantly reduced development time and pupal mass; the best models for the data indicated that both the number and developmental timing of heat waves affected performance. In addition, heat waves earlier in development significantly reduced growth and development rates later in larval development. Our results illustrate how the frequency and developmental timing of sublethal heat waves can have important consequences for life history traits in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Moore
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kate E Augustine
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christina A Hill
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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34
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Moore ME, Hill CA, Kingsolver JG. Differing thermal sensitivities in a host–parasitoid interaction: High, fluctuating developmental temperatures produce dead wasps and giant caterpillars. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Moore
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Christina A. Hill
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA
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35
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Xing K, Sun D, Zhang J, Zhao F. Wide Diurnal Temperature Amplitude and High Population Density Can Positively Affect the Life History of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6166182. [PMID: 33693804 PMCID: PMC7947990 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal temperature amplitude is known to have a large influence on insect life history. Population density affects intraspecific competition and many other aspects of insect life history. However, there is limited information on the interactive effects of these factors on insects. Here, we tested the interactive effects of three diurnal temperature amplitudes (22 ± 0°C, 22 ± 6°C, and 22 ± 12°C) and three population densities on the development, survival, longevity, and fecundity of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae). At a constant temperature, increasing population density reduced the growth and survival of early-instar nymphs, increased longevity, and reduced fecundity. At a low population density, increasing temperature amplitude inhibited nymph development. However, even at a high temperature amplitude, nymph survival rate was higher than expected, and reproduction was possible because the recovery of the lower night-temperatures eliminated thermal stress. Increasing the population density reduced, and even reversed, the negative effects of the wide temperature amplitude. This may reflect synergistic interactions between population density and wide temperature amplitude as these stressors each incur energetic costs. These findings emphasize the importance of temperature amplitude and population density for improving prediction accuracy and damage assessment during pest control modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Chin
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongbao Sun
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology and College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Chin
- Shanxi Shouyang Dryland Agroecosystem, National Observation and Research Station, Shanxi, China
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36
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Monticelli LS, Bishop J, Desneux N, Gurr GM, Jaworski CC, McLean AH, Thomine E, Vanbergen AJ. Multiple global change impacts on parasitism and biocontrol services in future agricultural landscapes. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Lower bioenergetic costs but similar immune responsiveness under a heat wave in urban compared to rural damselflies. Evol Appl 2021; 14:24-35. [PMID: 33519954 PMCID: PMC7819556 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the widespread phenotypic changes in response to urbanization may reflect adaptations caused by rapid evolutionary processes driven by urban-related stressors. Compared to increased habitat fragmentation and pollution, adaptations towards another typical urban-related stressor, that is higher and longer lasting very high temperatures (heat waves), are much less studied. Notably, the sensitivities to heat waves of life-history traits and important fitness-related physiological traits such as immune responsiveness and bioenergetic variables (energy availability, energy consumption and their balance) have never been contrasted between urban and rural populations. By conducting a laboratory common-garden experiment, we compared effects of a simulated heat wave on life history (survival and growth rate), immune responsiveness and bioenergetic variables between three urban and three rural populations of the damselfly Coenagrion puella. Because energy-mediated trade-off patterns may only be detected under energetically costly manipulations, all larvae were immune-challenged by simulating ectoparasitism by water mites. As expected, the simulated heat wave caused negative effects on nearly all response variables. The immune responsiveness, on the other hand, increased under the heat wave, consistent with a trade-off pattern between immune function and growth, and this similarly between urban and rural populations. A key finding was that urban larvae suffered less from the simulated heat wave compared to the rural larvae in terms of a lower heat wave-induced depletion in energy availability. This suggests an adaptation of urban populations to better cope with the stronger and more frequent heat waves in cities. Notably, this urbanization-driven evolution in the bioenergetic variables was not apparent in the absence of a heat wave. Given that changes in energy budgets have strong fitness consequences, our findings suggest that the evolved higher ability to cope with heat waves is fundamental for the survival of urban damselfly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Harvey JA, Heinen R, Gols R, Thakur MP. Climate change-mediated temperature extremes and insects: From outbreaks to breakdowns. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6685-6701. [PMID: 33006246 PMCID: PMC7756417 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects are among the most diverse and widespread animals across the biosphere and are well-known for their contributions to ecosystem functioning and services. Recent increases in the frequency and magnitude of climatic extremes (CE), in particular temperature extremes (TE) owing to anthropogenic climate change, are exposing insect populations and communities to unprecedented stresses. However, a major problem in understanding insect responses to TE is that they are still highly unpredictable both spatially and temporally, which reduces frequency- or direction-dependent selective responses by insects. Moreover, how species interactions and community structure may change in response to stresses imposed by TE is still poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of how terrestrial insects respond to TE by integrating their organismal physiology, multitrophic, and community-level interactions, and building that up to explore scenarios for population explosions and crashes that have ecosystem-level consequences. We argue that TE can push insect herbivores and their natural enemies to and even beyond their adaptive limits, which may differ among species intimately involved in trophic interactions, leading to phenological disruptions and the structural reorganization of food webs. TE may ultimately lead to outbreak-breakdown cycles in insect communities with detrimental consequences for ecosystem functioning and resilience. Lastly, we suggest new research lines that will help achieve a better understanding of insect and community responses to a wide range of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Harvey
- Netherlands Institute of EcologyWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences – Animal EcologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Heinen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Madhav P. Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Gvoždík L, Boukal DS. Impacts of predator-induced behavioural plasticity on the temperature dependence of predator-prey activity and population dynamics. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:503-514. [PMID: 33159686 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Predation is a key ecological interaction affecting populations and communities. Climate warming can modify this interaction both directly by the kinetic effects of temperature on biological rates and indirectly through integrated behavioural and physiological responses of the predators and prey. Temperature dependence of predation rates can further be altered by predator-induced plasticity of prey locomotor activity, but empirical data about this effect are lacking. We propose a general framework to understand the influence of predator-induced developmental plasticity on behavioural thermal reaction norms in prey and their consequences for predator-prey dynamics. Using a mesocosm experiment with dragonfly larvae (predator) and newt larvae (prey), we tested if the predator-induced plasticity alters the elevation or the slope of the thermal reaction norms for locomotor activity metrics in prey. We also estimated the joint predator-prey thermal response in mean locomotor speed, which determines prey encounter rate, and modelled the effect of both phenomena on predator-prey population dynamics. Thermal reaction norms for locomotor activity in prey were affected by predation risk cues but with minor influence on the joint predator-prey behavioural response. We found that predation risk cues significantly decreased the intercept of thermal reaction norm for total activity rate (i.e. all body movements) but not the other locomotor activity metrics in the prey, and that prey locomotor activity rate and locomotor speed increased with prey density. Temperature had opposite effects on the mean relative speed of predator and prey as individual speed increased with temperature in predators but decreased in prey. This led to a negligible effect of body temperature on predicted prey encounter rates and predator-prey dynamics. The behavioural component of predator-prey interaction varied much more between individuals than with temperature and the presence of predation risk cues in our system. We conclude that within-population variation in locomotor activity can buffer the influence of body temperature and predation risk cues on predator-prey interactions, and further research should focus on the magnitude and sources of behavioural variation in interacting species to predict the impact of climate change on predator-prey interactions and food web dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David S Boukal
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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40
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Ferguson LV, Sinclair BJ. Thermal Variability and Plasticity Drive the Outcome of a Host-Pathogen Interaction. Am Nat 2020; 195:603-615. [DOI: 10.1086/707545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Preston DB, Johnson SG. Generalist grasshoppers from thermally variable sites do not have higher thermal tolerance than grasshoppers from thermally stable sites - A study of five populations. J Therm Biol 2020; 88:102527. [PMID: 32126002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance allows many organisms, including insects, to withstand stressful temperatures. Thermal generalists are expected to have higher thermal tolerance than specialists, but the environmental conditions leading to the evolution of a thermal generalist life history are not fully understood. Thermal variability has been put forth as an evolutionary driver of high thermal tolerance, but rarely has this been empirically tested. We used a generalist agricultural pest grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis, to test upper and lower thermal limits of populations that experienced different levels of thermal variability. We quantified thermal heterogeneity at five sites in a longitudinal transect in the Midwestern U.S. by examining, over a 101-year period, 1) variance in daily thermal maxima and minima; and 2) daily range. Also, as a measure of a biologically relevant thermal extreme, we depicted days per month at each site that reached a stressfully high temperature for M. differentialis. We collected individuals from these sites and tested their upper and lower thermal limits. We found that most of our metrics of thermal heterogeneity differed among sites, while all sites experienced an average of at least two stressfully high temperature events per month. We found that heavier males from these sites were able to withstand both warmer and colder temperatures than smaller males, while heavier females had no thermal advantage over lighter females. However, site of origin had no effect on thermal tolerance. Our findings indicate three things: 1) there is no clear correlation between thermal variability and thermal tolerance in the populations we studied; 2) weight affects thermal tolerance range among sites for M. differentialis males, and 3) thermal extremes may be more important than thermal variability in determining CTMax in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin B Preston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Steven G Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Schwerdt L, de Villalobos A, Pérez-Miles F, Ferretti N. Thermal preferences and effects of temperature on fitness parameters of an endemic Argentinean tarantula (Grammostola vachoni). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mygalomorphs depend on thermal microhabitats for successful behavior, but their thermal biology is still poorly known. Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli and Gerschman, 1961 is an endemic tarantula from Argentina and it is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. However, little is known about its biology; therefore, we attempted to explore the thermal biology of juveniles and adult females of G. vachoni under laboratory conditions. We characterized the preferred temperatures, evaluated the relationship between temperature and locomotor performance, and calculated the thermal sensitivity. Individuals showed a peak temperature preference and spent 40% of the total time at 25–29 °C; we did not find any significant differences in temperature preference between juveniles and females. We found that locomotor performance is strongly affected by high temperatures. Different sprint speeds of juveniles and females were found at 5, 35, and 40 °C. The highest thermal sensitivity was recorded in the lowest temperature range and thermal sensitivity was lowest in the highest temperature ranges. Our results are relevant in the context of climate change, because thermal parameters constitute a useful tool to explore some possible effects of this change on body temperature and thus the physiological performance and vulnerability of ectotherms like G. vachoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Schwerdt
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida-CONICET, San Andrés 850, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A.E. de Villalobos
- Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiárida-CONICET, San Andrés 850, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - F. Pérez-Miles
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - N. Ferretti
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur-CONICET, San Juan 671, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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43
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Sasaki MC, Dam HG. Integrating patterns of thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity with population genetics to improve understanding of vulnerability to warming in a widespread copepod. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4147-4164. [PMID: 31449341 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differences in population vulnerability to warming are defined by spatial patterns in thermal adaptation. These patterns may be driven by natural selection over spatial environmental gradients, but can also be shaped by gene flow, especially in marine taxa with high dispersal potential. Understanding and predicting organismal responses to warming requires disentangling the opposing effects of selection and gene flow. We begin by documenting genetic divergence of thermal tolerance and developmental phenotypic plasticity. Ten populations of the widespread copepod Acartia tonsa were collected from sites across a large thermal gradient, ranging from the Florida Keys to Northern New Brunswick, Canada (spanning over 20° latitude). Thermal performance curves (TPCs) from common garden experiments revealed local adaptation at the sampling range extremes, with thermal tolerance increasing at low latitudes and decreasing at high latitudes. The opposite pattern was observed in phenotypic plasticity, which was strongest at high latitudes. No relationship was observed between phenotypic plasticity and environmental variables. Instead, the results are consistent with the hypothesis of a trade-off between thermal tolerance and the strength of phenotypic plasticity. Over a large portion of the sampled range, however, we observed a remarkable lack of differentiation of TPCs. To examine whether this lack of divergence is the result of selection for a generalist performance curve or constraint by gene flow, we analyzed cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA sequences, which revealed four distinct genetic clades, abundant genetic diversity, and widely distributed haplotypes. Strong divergence in thermal performance within genetic clades, however, suggests that the pace of thermal adaptation can be relatively rapid. The combined insight from the laboratory physiological experiments and genetic data indicate that gene flow constrains differentiation of TPCs. This balance between gene flow and selection has implications for patterns of vulnerability to warming. Taking both genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity into account, our results suggest that local adaptation does not increase vulnerability to warming, and that low-latitude populations in general may be more vulnerable to predicted temperature change over the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Sasaki
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
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44
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Speights CJ, Barton BT. Timing is everything: Effects of day and night warming on predator functional traits. FOOD WEBS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Renoz F, Pons I, Hance T. Evolutionary responses of mutualistic insect-bacterial symbioses in a world of fluctuating temperatures. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:20-26. [PMID: 31302355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering the abundance and distribution of millions of insect species around the world and is a major contributor to the decline of numerous species. Many insect species may be indirectly affected through their nutritional dependence on mutualistic bacteria. Indeed, these bacterial partners generally have a highly reduced and static genome, resulting from millions of years of coevolution and isolation in insect cells, and have limited adaptive capacity. The dependence of insects on bacterial partners with narrow environmental tolerance also restricts their ability to adapt, potentially increasing the risk of their extinction, particularly in a world characterized by increasing and fluctuating temperatures. In this review, we examine how climate change can affect the evolutionary trajectories of bacterial mutualism in insects by considering the possible alternatives that may compensate for the dependence on bacterial partners that have become 'Achilles' heels'. We also discuss the beneficial and compensatory effects, as well as the antagonistic effects associated with so-called facultative symbionts in the context of an increased incidence of transient extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Renoz
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Croix de Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Inès Pons
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Croix de Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Croix de Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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46
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Boukal DS, Bideault A, Carreira BM, Sentis A. Species interactions under climate change: connecting kinetic effects of temperature on individuals to community dynamics. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:88-95. [PMID: 31445412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced climate change, dominated by warming trends, poses a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Species interactions relay the direct and indirect effects of climate warming on individuals to communities, and detailed understanding across these levels is crucial to predict ecological consequences of climate change. We provide a conceptual framework that links temperature effects on insect physiology and behaviour to altered species interactions and community dynamics. We highlight key features of this framework with recent studies investigating the impacts of warming climate on insects and other ectotherms and identify methodological, taxonomic and geographic biases. While the effects of increased constant temperatures are now well understood, future studies should focus on temperature variation, interactions with other stressors and cross-system comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Boukal
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology and Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Azenor Bideault
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 2 Route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Bruno M Carreira
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology and Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Branišovská 1760, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- IRSTEA, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR RECOVER, 3275 route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
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47
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Bai CM, Ma G, Cai WZ, Ma CS. Independent and combined effects of daytime heat stress and night-time recovery determine thermal performance. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038141. [PMID: 30837225 PMCID: PMC6451327 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms often experience adverse high temperatures during the daytime, but they may also recover or repair themselves during the night-time when temperatures are more moderate. Thermal effects of daily fluctuating temperatures may thus be divided into two opposite processes (i.e. negative effects of daytime heat stress and positive effects of night-time recovery). Despite recent progress on the consequences of increased daily temperature variability, the independent and combined effects of daytime and night-time temperatures on organism performance remain unclear. By independently manipulating daily maximum and minimum temperatures, we tested how changes in daytime heat stress and night-time recovery affect development, survival and heat tolerance of the lady beetle species Propylea japonica Thermal effects on development and survival differed between daytime and night-time. Daytime high temperatures had negative effects whereas night-time mild temperatures had positive effects. The extent of daytime heat stress and night-time recovery also affected development and critical thermal maximum, which indicates that there were both independent and combined effects of daytime and night-time temperatures on thermal performances. Our findings provide insight into the thermal effect of day-to-night temperature variability and have important implications for predicting the impacts of diel asymmetric warming under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Bai
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.,Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wan-Zhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Schädler M, Buscot F, Klotz S, Reitz T, Durka W, Bumberger J, Merbach I, Michalski SG, Kirsch K, Remmler P, Schulz E, Auge H. Investigating the consequences of climate change under different land‐use regimes: a novel experimental infrastructure. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schädler
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Thomas Reitz
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Jan Bumberger
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
| | - Ines Merbach
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Stefan G. Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Konrad Kirsch
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Paul Remmler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Permoserstraße 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
| | - Elke Schulz
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Street 4 Halle 06120 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e Leipzig 04103 Germany
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49
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Verheyen J, Stoks R. Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:624-636. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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50
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Op de Beeck L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Competition magnifies the impact of a pesticide in a warming world by reducing heat tolerance and increasing autotomy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:226-234. [PMID: 29096295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that standard laboratory toxicity tests may be misleading when assessing the impact of toxicants, because they lack ecological realism. Both warming and biotic interactions have been identified to magnify the effects of toxicants. Moreover, while biotic interactions may change the impact of toxicants, toxicants may also change the impact of biotic interactions. However, studies looking at the impact of biotic interactions on the toxicity of pesticides and vice versa under warming are very scarce. Therefore, we tested how warming (+4 °C), intraspecific competition (density treatment) and exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos, both in isolation and in combination, affected mortality, cannibalism, growth and heat tolerance of low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Moreover, we addressed whether toxicant exposure, potentially in interaction with competition and warming, increased the frequency of autotomy, a widespread antipredator mechanism. Competition increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and made it become lethal. Cannibalism was not affected by chlorpyrifos but increased at high density and under warming. Chlorpyrifos reduced heat tolerance but only when competition was high. This is the first demonstration that a biotic interaction can be a major determinant of 'toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity'. Competition enhanced the impact of chlorpyrifos under warming for high-latitude larvae, leading to an increase in autotomy which reduces fitness in the long term. This points to a novel pathway how transient pesticide pulses may cause delayed effects on populations in a warming world. Our results highlight that the interplay between biotic interactions and toxicants have a strong relevance for ecological risk assessment in a warming polluted world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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