1
|
Zhang W, Li X, Chen W, Huang X, Hua T, Hu J, Zhu J, Ye S, Li X. l-Carnosine loaded on carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels for promoting wound healing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18317-18329. [PMID: 38860244 PMCID: PMC11163232 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound management remains a challenge in clinical practice. Nowadays, patients have an increasing demand for wound repair with enhanced speed and quality; therefore, there is a great need to seek therapeutic strategies that can promote rapid and effective wound healing. In this study, we developed a carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel loaded with l-carnosine (CRN@hydrogel) for potential application as a wound dressing. In vitro experiments confirmed that CRN@hydrogel can release over 80% of the drug within 48 h and demonstrated its favorable cytocompatibility and blood compatibility, thus establishing its applicability for safe utilization in clinical practice. Using a rat model, we found that this hydrogel could promote and accelerate wound healing more effectively. These results indicate that the novel hydrogel can serve as an efficient therapeutic strategy for wound treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 Anhui China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 Anhui China
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital Hefei Anhui 230022 China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Tianfeng Hua
- Department of Emergency Surgery & the 2nd Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 230001 China
| | - Jinpeng Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 Anhui China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Sheng Ye
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei 230022 Anhui China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mirzahosseini A, Molaei M, Mazák K, Pálla T, Köteles I, Varró N, Mándity I, Noszál B. Species-specific acid-base characterization of carnosine and homocarnosine using nuclear magnetic resonance. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Liu R, Yang J, Qiu X, Ji W, Shen J, Li Y, Lu Z, Wu Y, Wang W, Wang J, Hao J, Zhang X. "Cascaded Rocket" Nanosystems with Spatiotemporal Separation for Triple-Synergistic Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101748. [PMID: 35158417 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an incurable disease due to the intricate pathogenesis. The neuropathological hallmarks include extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, tau phosphorylation and extensive oxidative stress in neurons, which facilitate the progression of AD. Based on the complex etiology, a spatiotemporally "cascaded rocket" delivery system (DPH/TPGAS NPs) with metal ion/enzyme responses is established in this study for triple-synergistic AD treatment. After targeting and permeating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the histidine units in the DPH chelate excess metal ions at the extracellular microenvironment, restraining the formation of Aβ aggregates, inducing the first-stage separation. Then, the remanent system targets neuronal cells and triggers the second separation with cathepsin B for reducing the level of phosphorylated tau and oxidative stress. Accordingly, the DPH/TPGAS NPs can achieve spatiotemporal drug release, which results in enhanced synergistic therapeutic effects both in the extracellular and intracellular region of the AD brain. After treating with DPH/TPGAS NPs, the memory deficits, levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau, inflammation and neuron damages are remarkably ameliorated in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Therefore, this "cascaded rocket" delivery system has great potential to serve as a powerful platform and provides a new horizon to the therapeutic strategy for AD and other brain diseases' treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Heze University Heze 274015 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Weihong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yanyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 P. R. China
| | - Jifu Hao
- College of Pharmacy Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science Taian 271000 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milach OA, Naidenov VE, Karankevich EG, Yurkova IL. Glycine and Histidine in Regulation of Free-Radical Dephosphorylation of Glycerol Phosphate in the Presence of Cu2+(Fe2+) Ions. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036322202013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Lackner J, Albrecht A, Mittler M, Marx A, Kreyenschmidt J, Hess V, Sauerwein H. Effect of feeding histidine and β-alanine on carnosine concentration, growth performance, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101393. [PMID: 34530228 PMCID: PMC8445889 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The high growth rates of modern broiler breeds increased the risk for novel breast muscle myopathies as serious quality issue, relevant for the industry. In affected muscles, a depletion of the dipeptides carnosine and anserine was reported. Therefore, this study was performed to test whether a supplementation of the precursors histidine and β-alanine, alone or in combination can increase the dipeptide content in the breast muscle and improve meat quality. Ross 308 broiler chickens were supplemented with 3 different histidine:lysine ratios (0.44, 0.54, 0.64) of standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SID) combined with 0 or 0.5% β-alanine in total. The birds’ performance was recorded at different ages: birds were slaughtered in 2 batches after 33 and 53 d of life. Meat quality was tested at different time points after slaughter on breast fillets stored aerobically. The concentration of the dipeptides and amino acids in blood plasma and muscle tissue was tested postmortem at 35 and 54 d. All performance and meat quality data, as well as peptide and amino acid concentrations, of the 2 × 2 × 3 randomized block design were analyzed separately for the influence of both supplements and for slaughter age. Moreover, the influence of storage time was analyzed separately for meat quality parameters. At both slaughter ages, lesser feed intake (P ≤ 0.005) and breast yield (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in the birds receiving β-alanine. A greater SID histidine:lysine ratio increased the carnosine concentrations in blood plasma (P < 0.001) and in skeletal muscle (P < 0.001), whereas β-alanine increased carnosine in plasma at 35 d only (P = 0.004). Anserine was increased in plasma and muscle of older birds (P = 0.003), whereas carnosine was reduced in muscle tissue (P < 0.001). The main impact on meat quality parameters was seen for the age of the birds and storage time of the fillets. In conclusion, the supplementation of histidine increased carnosine in breast muscle but both supplements showed only minor effects on meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lackner
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany; Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - A Albrecht
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Mittler
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - A Marx
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - J Kreyenschmidt
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Fresh Produce Logistics, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - V Hess
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anti-cancer actions of carnosine and the restoration of normal cellular homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119117. [PMID: 34384791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide found in meat. Alternatively it can be formed through synthesis from the amino acids, β-alanine and L-histidine. Carnosine has long been advocated for use as an anti-oxidant and anti-glycating agent to facilitate healthy ageing, and there have also been reports of it having anti-proliferative effects that have beneficial actions against the development of a number of different cancers. Carnosine is able to undertake multiple molecular processes, and it's mechanism of action therefore remains controversial - both in healthy tissues and those associated with cancer or metabolic diseases. Here we review current understanding of its mechanistic role in different physiological contexts, and how this relates to cancer. Carnosine turns over rapidly in the body due to the presence of both serum and tissue carnosinase enzymes however, so its use as a dietary supplement would require ingestion of multiple daily doses. Strategies are therefore being developed that are based upon either resistance of carnosine analogs to enzymatic turnover, or else β-alanine supplementation, and the development of these potential therapeutic agents is discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dahadha A, Hassan M, Al-Dhoun M, Batineh Y, Abu-Halaweh M. Kinetics of oxidation of aspirin by Ce(IV) in surfactant, polymer, and mixed surfactant-polymer media. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Jenny KA, Ruggles EL, Liptak MD, Masterson DS, Hondal RJ. Ergothioneine in a peptide: Substitution of histidine with 2-thiohistidine in bioactive peptides. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3339. [PMID: 34008255 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (EGT) is the betaine of 2-thiohistidine (2-thioHis) and may be the last undiscovered vitamin. EGT cannot be incorporated into a peptide because the α-nitrogen is trimethylated, although this would be advantageous as an EGT-like moiety in a peptide would impart unique antioxidant and metal chelation properties. The amino acid 2-thioHis is an analogue of EGT and can be incorporated into a peptide, although there is only one reported occurrence of this in the literature. A likely reason is the harsh conditions reported for protection of the thione, with similarly harsh conditions used in order to achieve deprotection after synthesis. Here, we report a novel strategy for the incorporation of 2-thioHis into peptides in which we decided to leave the thione unprotected. This decision was based upon the reported low reactivity of EGT with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), a very electrophilic disulfide. This strategy was successful, and we report here the synthesis of 2-thioHis analogues of carnosine (βAH), GHK-tripeptide, and HGPLGPL. Each of these peptides contain a histidine (His) residue and possesses biological activity. Our results show that substitution of His with 2-thioHis imparts strong antioxidant, radical scavenging, and copper binding properties to the peptide. Notably, we found that the 2-thioHis analogue of GHK-tripeptide was able to completely quench the hydroxyl and ABTS radicals in our assays, and its antioxidant capacity was significantly greater than would be expected based on the antioxidant capacity of free 2-thioHis. Our work makes possible greater future use of 2-thioHis in peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn A Jenny
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erik L Ruggles
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Matthew D Liptak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Douglas S Masterson
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calabrese V, Scuto M, Salinaro AT, Dionisio G, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto S, Schmitt CP, Calabrese EJ, Peters V. Hydrogen Sulfide and Carnosine: Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Kidney and Brain Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121303. [PMID: 33353117 PMCID: PMC7767317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the dysregulation of cellular redox homeostasis and chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney and brain disorders. In this light, endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exert cytoprotective actions through the modulation of redox-dependent resilience pathways during oxidative stress and inflammation. Several recent studies have elucidated a functional crosstalk occurring between kidney and the brain. The pathophysiological link of this crosstalk is represented by oxidative stress and inflammatory processes which contribute to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia during the natural history of chronic kidney disease. Herein, we provide an overview of the main pathophysiological mechanisms related to high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neurotoxins, which play a critical role in the kidney–brain crosstalk. The present paper also explores the respective role of H2S and carnosine in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney–brain axis. It suggests that these activities are likely mediated, at least in part, via hormetic processes, involving Nrf2 (Nuclear factor-like 2), Hsp 70 (heat shock protein 70), SIRT-1 (Sirtuin-1), Trx (Thioredoxin), and the glutathione system. Metabolic interactions at the kidney and brain axis level operate in controlling and reducing oxidant-induced inflammatory damage and therefore, can be a promising potential therapeutic target to reduce the severity of renal and brain injuries in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Dionisio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (V.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.P.S.); (V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Global Cndp1-Knock-Out Selectively Increases Renal Carnosine and Anserine Concentrations in an Age- and Gender-Specific Manner in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144887. [PMID: 32664451 PMCID: PMC7402351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosinase 1 (CN1) is encoded by the Cndp1 gene and degrades carnosine and anserine, two natural histidine-containing dipeptides. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest carnosine- and anserine-mediated protection against long-term sequelae of reactive metabolites accumulating, e.g., in diabetes mellitus. We have characterized the metabolic impact of CN1 in 11- and 55-week-old Cndp1-knockout (Cndp1-KO) mice and litter-matched wildtypes (WT). In Cndp1-KO mice, renal carnosine and anserine concentrations were gender-specifically increased 2- to 9-fold, respectively in the kidney and both most abundant in the renal cortex, but remained unchanged in all other organs and in serum. Renal oxidized/reduced glutathione concentrations, renal morphology and function were unaltered. In Cndp1-KO mice at week 11, renal asparagine, serine and glutamine levels and at week 55, renal arginine concentration were reduced. Renal heat-shock-protein 70 (Hspa1a/b) mRNA declined with age in WT but not in Cndp1-KO mice, transcription factor heat-shock-factor 1 was higher in 55-week-old KO mice. Fasting blood glucose concentrations decreased with age in WT mice, but were unchanged in Cndp1-KO mice. Blood glucose response to intraperitoneal insulin was gender- but not genotype-dependent, the response to intraperitoneal glucose injection was similar in all groups. A global Cndp1-KO selectively, age- and gender-specifically, increases renal carnosine and anserine concentrations, alters renal amino acid- and HSP70 profile and modifies systemic glucose homeostasis. Increase of the natural occurring carnosine and anserine levels in the kidney by modulation of CN1 represents a promising therapeutic approach to mitigate or prevent chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Menini S, Iacobini C, Fantauzzi CB, Pugliese G. L-carnosine and its Derivatives as New Therapeutic Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1744-1763. [PMID: 31296153 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications are among the most serious manifestations of diabetes. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of reduced life quality and expectancy in diabetics, whereas diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease and blindness. An effective therapeutic approach to prevent vascular complications should counteract the mechanisms of injury. Among them, the toxic effects of Advanced Glycation (AGEs) and Lipoxidation (ALEs) end-products are well-recognized contributors to these sequelae. L-carnosine (β-alanyl-Lhistidine) acts as a quencher of the AGE/ALE precursors Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), which are highly reactive aldehydes derived from oxidative and non-oxidative modifications of sugars and lipids. Consistently, L-carnosine was found to be effective in several disease models in which glyco/lipoxidation plays a central pathogenic role. Unfortunately, in humans, L-carnosine is rapidly inactivated by serum carnosinase. Therefore, the search for carnosinase-resistant derivatives of Lcarnosine represents a suitable strategy against carbonyl stress-dependent disorders, particularly diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we present and discuss available data on the efficacy of L-carnosine and its derivatives in preventing vascular complications in rodent models of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We also discuss genetic findings providing evidence for the involvement of the carnosinase/L-carnosine system in the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and for preferring the use of carnosinase-resistant compounds in human disease. The availability of therapeutic strategies capable to prevent both long-term glucose toxicity, resulting from insufficient glucoselowering therapy, and lipotoxicity may help reduce the clinical and economic burden of vascular complications of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fadda LM, Ali HM, Mohamed AM, Hagar H. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rat livers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19142-19150. [PMID: 31055753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TDO-ns) are extensively used in the food, medicine, and cosmetic industries, discussions about the possible hazards of nanomaterials are just beginning to emerge. This study aimed to detect the inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death induced in the livers of rats exposed to TDO-ns (600 mg/kg, particle size ≤ 100 nm). Furthermore, the modulation of these toxic effects by two potent naturally occurring antioxidants, carnosine (Carno) or melatonin (Melato), was evaluated. The co-administration of carnosine or melatonin to rats intoxicated with TDO-ns significantly attenuated the increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The two agents markedly ameliorated hepatic DNA damage and the alterations in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), cytochrome P450, caspase-3, total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, and triglyceride (TG) levels. These results support the use of Carno or Melato as prophylactic agents against TDO-ns-induced liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa M Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
- Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Po Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peters V, Yard B, Schmitt CP. Carnosine and Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190326111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yan J, Huang H, Miao Z, Zhang Q, Yan Y. Polyoxometalate-Based Hybrid Supramolecular Polymer via Orthogonal Metal Coordination and Reversible Photo-Cross-Linking. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Huiya Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhiliang Miao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Condition, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alhusaini A, Hasan IH, Aldowsari N, Alsaadan N. Prophylactic Administration of Nanocurcumin Abates the Incidence of Liver Toxicity Induced by an Overdose of Copper Sulfate: Role of CYP4502E1, NF-κB and Bax Expressions. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818816284. [PMID: 30622449 PMCID: PMC6302274 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818816284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consequences of excess copper in human tissue are the alterations in the oxidative stress markers and peroxidative damage of membrane lipids. Unselective copper binding may be the clue to damaging impact to protein construction and hence modifying their biological functions. The aim of this study is to match the hepatoprotective efficacy of curcumin (CM) or nanocurcumin (NCM) with that of desferrioxamine (DSF; standard heavy metal chelator) against toxic doses of copper sulphate (CuSO4). Method All treatments were given simultaneously with CuSO4 for 7 days. Result CuSO4 administration elevated serum alanine transaminase, and hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxide, and caspase-3 as well as protein expression of cytochrome P4502E1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Bax gene expressions. On the other hand, hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-10 were decreased, whereas DNA degradation was increased as well compared with the control group. The administration of the aforementioned antioxidants ameliorated all the previous altered measured parameters. Interestingly, NCM achieved the most pronounced hepatoprotective effect nearly equivalent to that of DSF. Conclusion It was concluded that NCM is considered a promising candidate against CuSO4 toxicity, and cytochrome P450, NF-κB, and Bax are involved in its toxicity and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Alhusaini
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Aldowsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Njood Alsaadan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barca A, Ippati S, Urso E, Vetrugno C, Storelli C, Maffia M, Romano A, Verri T. Carnosine modulates the Sp1-Slc31a1/Ctr1 copper-sensing system and influences copper homeostasis in murine CNS-derived cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C235-C245. [PMID: 30485136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine (CAR) is an endogenous dipeptide physiologically present in excitable tissues, such as central nervous system (CNS) and muscle. CAR is acknowledged as a substrate involved in many homeostatic pathways and mechanisms and, due to its biochemical properties, as a molecule intertwined with the homeostasis of heavy metals such as copper (Cu). In CNS, Cu excess and dysregulation imply oxidative stress, free-radical production, and functional impairment leading to neurodegeneration. Here, we report that CAR intercepts the regulatory routes of Cu homeostasis in nervous cells and tissues. Specifically, in a murine neuron-derived cell model, i.e., the B104 neuroblastoma cells, extracellular CAR exposure up to 24 h influenced intracellular Cu entry and affected (downregulated) the key Cu-sensing system, consisting of the gene coding for the Slc31a1 transmembrane Cu importer (alias Ctr1), and the gene coding for the Cu-responsive transcription factor Sp1 ( Sp1). Also, CAR exposure upregulated CAR biosynthesis ( Carns1), extracellular degradation ( Cndp1), and transport ( Slc15a4, alias Pht1) genes and elicited CAR intracellular accumulation, contributing to the outline of functional association between CAR and Cu within the cell. Interestingly, the same gene modulation scheme acting in vitro operates in vivo in brains of mice undergoing dietary administration of CAR in drinking water for 2 wk. Overall, our findings describe for the first time a regulatory interaction between CAR and Cu pathways in CNS and indicate CAR as a novel active molecule within the network of ligands and chaperones that physiologically regulate Cu homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amilcare Barca
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Stefania Ippati
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Emanuela Urso
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Carlo Storelli
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento , Lecce , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Protective Actions of Anserine Under Diabetic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092751. [PMID: 30217069 PMCID: PMC6164239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: In rodents, carnosine treatment improves diabetic nephropathy, whereas little is known about the role and function of anserine, the methylated form of carnosine. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity and oxygen stress response in human renal tubular cells (HK-2) by RT-PCR and Western-Immunoblotting. In wildtype (WT) and diabetic mice (db/db), the effect of short-term anserine treatment on blood glucose, proteinuria and vascular permeability was measured. Results: Anserine has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to carnosine (p < 0.001). In tubular cells (HK-2) stressed with 25 mM glucose or 20–100 µM hydrogen peroxide, anserine but not carnosine, increased intracellular heat shock protein (Hsp70) mRNA and protein levels. In HK-2 cells stressed with glucose, co-incubation with anserine also increased hemeoxygenase (HO-1) protein and reduced total protein carbonylation, but had no effect on cellular sirtuin-1 and thioredoxin protein concentrations. Three intravenous anserine injections every 48 h in 12-week-old db/db mice, improved blood glucose by one fifth, vascular permeability by one third, and halved proteinuria (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Anserine is a potent antioxidant and activates the intracellular Hsp70/HO-1 defense system under oxidative and glycative stress. Short-term anserine treatment in diabetic mice improves glucose homeostasis and nephropathy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Baye E, Ukropec J, de Courten MPJ, Kurdiova T, Krumpolec P, Fernández-Real JM, Aldini G, Ukropcova B, de Courten B. Carnosine supplementation reduces plasma soluble transferrin receptor in healthy overweight or obese individuals: a pilot randomised trial. Amino Acids 2018; 51:73-81. [PMID: 30136029 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of iron homeostasis have been linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Carnosine, an over-the-counter food supplement with chelating properties, has been shown to decrease serum iron and improve glucose metabolism in diabetic rodents. We have previously demonstrated that carnosine supplementation prevented worsening of glucose metabolism in healthy overweight and obese middle-aged adults. Yet, the impact of carnosine on markers of iron metabolism in humans has not been investigated. We aimed to determine whether carnosine supplementation has an effect on iron parameters in overweight and obese, otherwise healthy adults. We included 26 participants, who were randomly allocated to receive 1 g carnosine (n = 14) or identical placebo (n = 12) twice daily for 12 weeks. Iron parameters including iron, ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity and iron saturation were measured in serum or plasma by standard commercial assays. Carnosine supplementation decreased plasma soluble transferrin receptor compared to placebo (mean change difference ± standard error: - 0.07 ± 0.03 mg/l, p = 0.04). None of the other iron parameters were different between carnosine and placebo groups. At follow-up, soluble transferrin receptor was associated inversely with urinary carnosine concentrations and positively with serum carnosinase-1 activity (both p < 0.02). Our findings suggest that carnosine may modulate iron metabolism in high-risk groups which could ameliorate insulin resistance and prevent type 2 diabetes. Larger human clinical trials are required to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilian P J de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timea Kurdiova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrick Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tatsuno F, Lee SH, Oe T. Imidazole dipeptides can quench toxic 4-oxo-2(E
)-nonenal: Molecular mechanism and mass spectrometric characterization of the reaction products. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3097. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Tatsuno
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Seon Hwa Lee
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Oe
- Department of Bio-analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, OKeefe JH. Role of dietary histidine in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000676. [PMID: 30018771 PMCID: PMC6045700 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - James H OKeefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fadda LM, Mohamed AM, Ali HM, Hagar H, Aldossari M. Prophylactic administration of carnosine and melatonin abates the incidence of renal toxicity induced by an over dose of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22040. [PMID: 29469982 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The alleviative effects of two antioxidants, carnosine (Car) and melatonin (Mel), against titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 -NPs) toxicity-induced oxidative and inflammatory renal damage were examined in rats. Administration of these antioxidants along with TiO2 -NPs effectively reduced serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nitric oxide, as well as a significant amelioration of the decrease in glutathione levels in renal tissue was observed, compared to those in rats treated with TiO2 -NPs alone. The renoprotective properties of the antioxidants were confirmed by reduced intensity of renal damage as demonstrated by histological findings. In conclusion, Car and Mel play protective roles against TiO2 -NPs-induced renal inflammation and oxidative injury, likely due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mohamed Fadda
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science-Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Ali
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.,Common First Year Deanship, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Hagar
- Pharmacology Unit (31), Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Aldossari
- Master degree student at Pharmacology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arredondo M, González M, Latorre M. Copper. TRACE ELEMENTS AND MINERALS IN HEALTH AND LONGEVITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03742-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
24
|
Peters V, Zschocke J, Schmitt CP. Carnosinase, diabetes mellitus and the potential relevance of carnosinase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:39-47. [PMID: 29027595 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosinase (CN1) is a dipeptidase, encoded by the CNDP1 gene, that degrades histidine-containing dipeptides, such as carnosine, anserine and homocarnosine. Loss of CN1 function (also called carnosinase deficiency or aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidase deficiency) has been reported in a small number of patients with highly elevated blood carnosine concentrations, denoted carnosinaemia; it is unclear whether the variety of clinical symptoms in these individuals is causally related to carnosinase deficiency. Reduced CN1 function should increase serum carnosine concentrations but the genetic basis of carnosinaemia has not been formally confirmed to be due to CNDP1 mutations. A CNDP1 polymorphism associated with low CN1 activity correlates with significantly reduced risk for diabetic nephropathy, especially in women with type 2 diabetes, and may slow progression of chronic kidney disease in children with glomerulonephritis. Studies in rodents demonstrate antiproteinuric and vasculoprotective effects of carnosine, the precise molecular mechanisms, however, are still incompletely understood. Thus, carnosinemia due to CN1 deficiency may be a non-disease; in contrast, carnosine may potentially protect against long-term sequelae of reactive metabolites accumulating, e.g. in diabetes and chronic renal failure.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Animals
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/diagnosis
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/enzymology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/epidemiology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Nephropathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Dipeptidases/deficiency
- Dipeptidases/genetics
- Humans
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Prognosis
- Protective Factors
- Risk Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aydın AF, Bingül İ, Küçükgergin C, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Carnosine decreased oxidation and glycation products in serum and liver of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:278-288. [PMID: 29205589 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats provide useful animal model for type II diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in the development of diabetic complications. Carnosine (CAR) has anti-oxidant and anti-glycating properties. We investigated the effects of CAR on oxidation and glycation products in HFD+STZ rats. Rats were fed with HFD (60% of total calories from fat) for 4 weeks, and then a single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were fed with HFD until the end of the 12th week. CAR (250 mg/kg body weight; i.p.; five times a week) was administered to the rats for the last four weeks. CAR significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) (57.7%), cholesterol (35.6%) levels and hepatic marker enzyme activities of HFD+STZ rats. It significantly reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23.7%), AGEs (13.4%) and advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) (35.9%) and hepatic TG (59%), ROS (26%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (11.5%), protein carbonyl (PC) (19.2%) and AGE (20.2%) levels. Liver steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning were also significantly reduced. However, CAR treatment did not alter serum glucose and blood glycated haemoglobin and hepatic anti-oxidant enzyme activities/mRNA expressions in HFD+STZ rats. Our results indicate that CAR decreased accumulation of oxidation and glycation products, such as MDA, AGE, AOPP and PC in the serum and liver and ameliorated hepatic dysfunction in HFD+STZ rats. This effect may be related to its anti-oxidative, anti-glycating, and anti-lipogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - İlknur Bingül
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Küçükgergin
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peters V, Schmitt CP, Weigand T, Klingbeil K, Thiel C, van den Berg A, Calabrese V, Nawroth P, Fleming T, Forsberg E, Wagner AH, Hecker M, Vistoli G. Allosteric inhibition of carnosinase (CN1) by inducing a conformational shift. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1102-1110. [PMID: 28776438 PMCID: PMC6009930 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1355793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, low serum carnosinase (CN1) activity protects patients with type 2 diabetes from diabetic nephropathy. We now characterized the interaction of thiol-containing compounds with CN1 cysteine residue at position 102, which is important for CN1 activity. Reduced glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine and cysteine (3.2 ± 0.4, 2.0 ± 0.3, 1.6 ± 0.2 µmol/mg/h/mM; p < .05) lowered dose-dependently recombinant CN1 (rCN1) efficiency (5.2 ± 0.2 µmol/mg/h/mM) and normalized increased CN1 activity renal tissue samples of diabetic mice. Inhibition was allosteric. Substitution of rCN1 cysteine residues at position 102 (Mut1C102S) and 229 (Mut2C229S) revealed that only cysteine-102 is influenced by cysteinylation. Molecular dynamic simulation confirmed a conformational rearrangement of negatively charged residues surrounding the zinc ions causing a partial shift of the carnosine ammonium head and resulting in a less effective pose of the substrate within the catalytic cavity and decreased activity. Cysteine-compounds influence the dynamic behaviour of CN1 and therefore present a promising option for the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Tim Weigand
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Kristina Klingbeil
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Antje van den Berg
- a Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine , University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Peter Nawroth
- c Department of Internal Medicine , University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- c Department of Internal Medicine , University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Elisabete Forsberg
- d The Rolf Luft Center Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- e Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- e Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- f Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peters V, Kebbewar M, Janssen B, Hoffmann GF, Möller K, Wygoda S, Charbit M, Fernandes-Teixeira A, Jeck N, Zschocke J, Schmitt CP, Schäfer F, Wühl E. CNDP1 genotype and renal survival in pediatric nephropathies. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:827-33. [PMID: 27278783 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of developing type II diabetic nephropathy (DN) is lower in patients carrying the CNDP1 Mannheim polymorphism (homozygosity for the five leucine repeat), resulting in decreased activity of the histidine-dipeptide metabolizing enzyme carnosinase. The role of CNDP1 in other nephropathies is still unknown. METHODS To evaluate the impact of the CNDP1 Mannheim allele on pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), we prospectively followed the long-term clinical outcome of 272 children with non-diabetic kidney disease (glomerulopathies n=32, non-glomerular kidney disease n=240). RESULTS Renal failure progression was independent of CNDP1 genotype in the total cohort of CKD children. However, in patients with glomerulopathies, only 39% of patients homozygous for the CNDP1 Mannheim polymorphism attained the primary renal endpoint as compared to 77% of patients with any other CNDP1 genotype (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Our findings in pediatric CKD patients suggest that the nephroprotective effect of the CNDP1 Mannheim variant is not restricted to patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of Carnosine in Experimental Arthritis and on Primary Culture Chondrocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8470589. [PMID: 26885252 PMCID: PMC4739233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8470589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carnosine's (CARN) anti-inflammatory potential in autoimmune diseases has been but scarcely investigated as yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CARN in rat adjuvant arthritis, in the model of carrageenan induced hind paw edema (CARA), and also in primary culture of chondrocytes under H2O2 injury. The experiments were done on healthy animals, arthritic animals, and arthritic animals with oral administration of CARN in a daily dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. during 28 days as well as animals with CARA treated by a single administration of CARN in the same dose. CARN beneficially affected hind paw volume and changes in body weight on day 14 and reduced hind paw swelling in CARA. Markers of oxidative stress in plasma and brain (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls, and lag time of lipid peroxidation) and also activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase were significantly corrected by CARN. CARN also reduced IL-1alpha in plasma. Suppression of intracellular oxidant levels was also observed in chondrocytes pretreated with CARN. Our results obtained on two animal models showed that CARN has systemic anti-inflammatory activity and protected rat brain and chondrocytes from oxidative stress. This finding suggests that CARN might be beneficial for treatment of arthritic diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang S, Ntasis E, Kabtni S, van den Born J, Navis G, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. Hyperglycemia Does Not Affect Iron Mediated Toxicity of Cultured Endothelial and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells: Influence of L-Carnosine. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8710432. [PMID: 26788523 PMCID: PMC4691606 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8710432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has been suggested to affect the clinical course of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as accompanying increased intracellular iron accumulation may provide an alternative source for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although carnosine has proven its therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of T2DM, little is known about its efficacy to protect cells from iron toxicity. We sought to assess if high glucose (HG) exposure makes cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) more susceptible to metal induced toxicity and if this is ameliorated by L-carnosine. HUVECs and PTECs, cultured under normal glucose (5 mM, NG) or HG (30 mM), were challenged for 24 h with FeCl3. Cell viability was not impaired under HG conditions nor did HG increase susceptibility to FeCl3. HG did not change the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), ferroportin (IREG), and transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC). Irrespective of glucose concentrations L-carnosine prevented toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, only if it was present during the FeCl3 challenge. Hence our study indicates that iron induced cytotoxicity is not enhanced under HG conditions. L-Carnosine displayed a strong protective effect, most likely by chelation of iron mediated toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Emmanouil Ntasis
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kabtni
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jaap van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- *Benito A. Yard:
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Peters V, Lanthaler B, Amberger A, Fleming T, Forsberg E, Hecker M, Wagner AH, Yue WW, Hoffmann GF, Nawroth P, Zschocke J, Schmitt CP. Carnosine metabolism in diabetes is altered by reactive metabolites. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2367-76. [PMID: 26081982 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Carnosinase 1 (CN1) contributes to diabetic nephropathy by cleaving histidine-dipeptides which scavenge reactive oxygen and carbonyl species and increase nitric oxide (NO) production. In diabetic mice renal CN1 activity is increased, the regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We therefore analysed the in vitro and in vivo regulation of CN1 activity using recombinant and human CN1, and the db/db mouse model of diabetes. Glucose, leptin and insulin did not modify recombinant and human CN1 activity in vitro, glucose did not alter renal CN1 activity of WT or db/db mice ex vivo. Reactive metabolite methylglyoxal and Fenton reagent carbonylated recombinant CN1 and doubled CN1 efficiency. NO S-nitrosylated CN1 and decreased CN1 efficiency for carnosine by 70 % (p < 0.01), but not for anserine. Both CN1 cysteine residues were nitrosylated, the cysteine at position 102 but not at position 229 regulated CN1 activities. In db/db mice, renal CN1 mRNA and protein levels were similar as in non-diabetic controls, CN1 efficiency 1.9 and 1.6 fold higher for carnosine and anserine. Renal carbonyl stress was strongly increased and NO production halved, CN1 highly carbonylated and less S-nitrosylated compared to WT mice. GSH and NO2/3 concentrations were reduced and inversely related with carnosine degradation rate (r = -0.82/-0.85). Thus, reactive metabolites of diabetes upregulate CN1 activity by post-translational modifications, and thus decrease the availability of reactive metabolite-scavenging histidine dipeptides in the kidney in a positive feedback loop. Interference with this vicious circle may represent a new therapeutic target for mitigation of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Lanthaler
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Albert Amberger
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Internal Medicine, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabete Forsberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Internal Medicine, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescence Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Menini S, Iacobini C, Ricci C, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Pugliese G. Protection from diabetes-induced atherosclerosis and renal disease by D-carnosine-octylester: effects of early vs late inhibition of advanced glycation end-products in Apoe-null mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:845-53. [PMID: 25471794 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS AGEs are involved in diabetic complications and might be responsible for the phenomenon of 'hyperglycaemic memory'. D-Carnosine-octylester (DCO) has been shown to attenuate AGE formation and vascular and renal injury induced by high-fat diet in Apoe-null mice. This study aimed to verify the protective effect of DCO in atherosclerosis and renal disease induced by experimental diabetes and to discover whether reduction of AGE formation by early vs late DCO treatment provides better macro and microvascular protection. METHODS Apoe-null mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin and were left untreated or were treated with DCO for 20 weeks (DCO-Extended), from week 1 to 11 (DCO-Early) or from week 9 to 19 (DCO-Late). Non-diabetic Apoe-null mice served as controls. Aortic and renal lesions were evaluated by morphometry and protein and gene expression of disease markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. RESULTS DCO-Extended treatment produced a more stable plaque phenotype by markedly attenuating diabetes-induced increases in lesion size, necrotic core area and plaque content of Nε-carboxymethyllysine, levels of apoptotic cells and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and also reductions in collagen and smooth muscle cells. DCO treatment for 11 weeks afforded partial protection and this was significantly better in DCO-Early mice than in DCO-Late mice. Renal disease was attenuated in DCO-Extended mice and to a lesser extent in those treated for 11 weeks, with no significant difference between DCO-Early mice and DCO-Late mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data show that DCO protects mice from diabetes-induced vascular and renal disease and that protection against atherosclerosis is more effectively achieved by early treatment than by late treatment, thus suggesting that early inhibition of AGE formation attenuates progression of macroangiopathy and favours development of more stable lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle, but also in other excitable tissues. Most animals, except humans, also possess a methylated variant of carnosine, either anserine or ophidine/balenine, collectively called the histidine-containing dipeptides. This review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine, based on its biochemical properties. The latter include pH-buffering, metal-ion chelation, and antioxidant capacity as well as the capacity to protect against formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved. For several pathologies, such as diabetes and its complications, ocular disease, aging, and neurological disorders, promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained. Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. The carnosine system has evolved as a pluripotent solution to a number of homeostatic challenges. l-Histidine, and more specifically its imidazole moiety, appears to be the prime bioactive component, whereas β-alanine is mainly regulating the synthesis of the dipeptide. This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds. However, far more experiments in the fields of physiology and related disciplines (biology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, etc.) are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
Collapse
|
33
|
Shapira R, Rudnick S, Daniel B, Viskind O, Aisha V, Richman M, Ayasolla KR, Perelman A, Chill JH, Gruzman A, Rahimipour S. Multifunctional Cyclic d,l-α-Peptide Architectures Stimulate Non-Insulin Dependent Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells and Protect Them Against Oxidative Stress. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6709-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renana Shapira
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Safra Rudnick
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Bareket Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Olga Viskind
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Vered Aisha
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Michal Richman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Alex Perelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Jordan H. Chill
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Menini S, Iacobini C, Ricci C, Scipioni A, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Giaccari A, Salomone E, Canevotti R, Lapolla A, Orioli M, Aldini G, Pugliese G. D-Carnosine octylester attenuates atherosclerosis and renal disease in ApoE null mice fed a Western diet through reduction of carbonyl stress and inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1344-56. [PMID: 22229552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipoxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) react with proteins to form advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), which have been implicated in both atherosclerosis and renal disease. L-carnosine acts as an endogenous HNE scavenger, but it is rapidly inactivated by carnosinase. This study aimed at assessing the effect of the carnosinase-resistant, D-carnosine, on HNE-induced cellular injury and of its bioavailable prodrug D-carnosine octylester on experimental atherosclerosis and renal disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to HNE or H₂O₂ plus D-carnosine. ApoE null mice fed a Western, pro-atherogenic diet were treated with D-carnosine octylester for 12 weeks. KEY RESULTS In vitro, D-carnosine attenuated the effect of HNE, but not of H₂O₂, on VSMCs. In vivo, D-carnosine octylester-treated mice showed reduced lesion area and a more stable plaque phenotype compared with untreated animals, with reduced foam cell accumulation, inflammation and apoptosis and increased clearance of apoptotic bodies and collagen deposition, resulting in decreased necrotic core formation. Likewise, renal lesions were attenuated in D-carnosine octylester-treated versus untreated mice, with lower inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. This was associated with increased urinary levels of HNE-carnosine adducts and reduced protein carbonylation, circulating and tissue ALEs, expression of receptors for these products, and systemic and tissue oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data indicate RCS quenching with a D-carnosine ester was highly effective in attenuating experimental atherosclerosis and renal disease by reducing carbonyl stress and inflammation and that this may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okutucu B, Zihnioglu F. Different approaches to synthesize carnosine selective imprinted polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Naghshvar F, Abianeh SM, Ahmadashrafi S, Hosseinimehr SJ. Chemoprotective effects of carnosine against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in mice bone marrow cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:569-73. [PMID: 22535690 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of carnosine as a natural dipeptide were investigated in mouse bone marrow cells against genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Mice were injected with solutions of carnosine at three different doses (10, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) bw) for five consecutive days. On the fifth day of treatment, mice were injected cyclophosphamide and killed after 24 h. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocyte/polychromatic erythrocyte + normochromatic erythrocyte [PCE/(PCE + NCE)] were evaluated by May-Grunwald/Giemsa staining. Histopathology of bone marrow was examined in mice treated with cyclophosphamide and carnosine. Carnosine significantly reduced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) induced by cyclophosphamide at all three doses. Carnosine at dose of 100 mg kg(-1) bw reduced MnPCEs 3.76-fold and completely normalized the PCE/(PCE + NCE) ratio. Administration of carnosine inhibited bone marrow toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. It appeared that carnosine with protective activity reduced the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in bone marrow cells of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Naghshvar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Czapor-Irzabek H, Cebrat M, Brasuń J. The role of the βAsp residue in copper(II) binding by modified peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Burt MB, Fridgen TD. Structures and physical properties of gaseous metal cationized biological ions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:235-250. [PMID: 22641728 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal chelation can alter the activity of free biomolecules by modifying their structures or stabilizing higher energy tautomers. In recent years, mass spectrometric techniques have been used to investigate the effects of metal complexation with proteins, nucleobases and nucleotides, where small conformational changes can have significant physiological consequences. In particular, infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy has emerged as an important tool for determining the structure and reactivity of gas-phase ions. Unlike other mass spectrometric approaches, this method is able to directly resolve structural isomers using characteristic vibrational signatures. Other activation and dissociation methods, such as blackbody infrared radiative dissociation or collision-induced dissociation can also reveal information about the thermochemistry and dissociative pathways of these biological ions. This information can then be used to provide information about the structures of the ionic complexes under study. In this article, we review the use of gas-phase techniques in characterizing metal-bound biomolecules. Particular attention will be given to our own contributions, which detail the ability of metal cations to disrupt nucleobase pairs, direct the self-assembly of nucleobase clusters and stabilize non-canonical isomers of amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Burt
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1B 3X7
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burt MB, Decker SGA, Atkins CG, Rowsell M, Peremans A, Fridgen TD. Structures of bare and hydrated [Pb(aminoacid-H)]+ complexes using infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11506-18. [PMID: 21875029 DOI: 10.1021/jp2068655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy was used to determine the gas-phase structures of deprotonated Pb(2+)/amino acid (Aa) complexes with and without a solvent molecule present. Five amino acid complexes with side chains containing only carbon and hydrogen (Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro) and one with a basic side chain (Lys) were compared. These experiments demonstrated that all [Pb(Aa-H)](+) complexes have Pb(2+) covalently bound between the amine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen. The nonhydrated complexes containing Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, and Pro are amine-deprotonated, whereas the one containing Lys is deprotonated at its carboxylic acid. The difference is attributed to the polar and basic side chain of lysine, which helps stabilize Pb(2+). IRMPD spectroscopy was also performed on the monohydrated analogues of the [Pb(Aa-H)](+) complexes. The [Pb(Aa-H)H(2)O](+) complexes, where Aa = Ala, Val, Leu, and Ile, exhibited two N-H stretches as well as a carboxylic acid O-H and a PbO-H stretch. Hence, their structures are monohydrated versions of the amine-deprotonated [Pb(Aa-H)](+) complexes where a proton transfer has occurred from the lead-bound water to the deprotonated amine. The IRMPD spectrum and calculations suggest that [Pb(Pro-H)H(2)O](+) has a hydrated carboxylate salt structure. The structure of [Pb(Lys-H)H(2)O](+) was also carboxyl-deprotonated, but Pb(2+) is bound to the carbonyl oxygen and the amine nitrogen, with one of the protons belonging to the water transferred to the basic side chain. This results in an intramolecular hydrogen bond that does not absorb in the region of the spectrum probed in these experiments. The IRMPD spectra and structural characterizations were confirmed and aided by infrared spectra calculated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory and 298 K enthalpies and Gibbs energies using the MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p) method on the B3LYP geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Burt
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1B 3X7
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arnal N, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. Carnosine and neocuproine as neutralizing agents for copper overload-induced damages in cultured human cells. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 192:257-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
41
|
Remø S, Olsvik P, Torstensen B, Amlund H, Breck O, Waagbø R. Susceptibility of Atlantic salmon lenses to hydrogen peroxide oxidation ex vivo after being fed diets with vegetable oil and methylmercury. Exp Eye Res 2011; 92:414-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
42
|
New glycoside derivatives of carnosine and analogs resistant to carnosinase hydrolysis: Synthesis and characterization of their copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Salinas BA, Sathish HA, Shah AU, Carpenter JF, Randolph TW. Buffer-dependent fragmentation of a humanized full-length monoclonal antibody. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2962-74. [PMID: 20091831 PMCID: PMC3938388 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During storage stability studies of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) it was determined that the primary route of degradation involved fragmentation into lower molecular weight species. The fragmentation was characterized with size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), SDS-PAGE, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Fragmentation proceeded via hydrolysis, likely catalyzed by trace metal ions, of a peptide bond in the hinge region of the mAb's heavy chain, which produced two prominent low molecular weight species during storage: a single, free Fab fragment and a Fab + Fc fragment. The fragmentation is observed in phosphate-buffered solutions at two ionic strengths but not in histidine-buffered solutions at identical ionic strengths. Chaotrope-induced and thermally induced unfolding studies of the mAb indicated differences in the unfolding pathways between the two buffer solutions. The folding intermediate observed during chaotrope-induced unfolding was further characterized by intrinsic fluorescence quenching, which suggested that a small portion of the molecule is resistant to chaotrope-induced unfolding in histidine buffer systems. The thermally induced unfolding indicates a reduction in cooperativity of the unfolding process in the presence of histidine relative to phosphate. A relationship between the histidine-induced effects on unfolding pathway and the relative resistance to fragmentation is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branden A Salinas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Aldini G, Orioli M, Rossoni G, Savi F, Braidotti P, Vistoli G, Yeum KJ, Negrisoli G, Carini M. The carbonyl scavenger carnosine ameliorates dyslipidaemia and renal function in Zucker obese rats. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 15:1339-54. [PMID: 20518851 PMCID: PMC4373334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor that increases the risk for development of renal and vascular complications. This study addresses the effects of chronic administration of the endogenous dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine, L-CAR) and of its enantiomer (β-alanyl-D-histidine, D-CAR) on hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, advanced glycation end products, advanced lipoxidation end products formation and development of nephropathy in the non-diabetic, Zucker obese rat. The Zucker rats received a daily dose of L-CAR or D-CAR (30 mg/kg in drinking water) for 24 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was recorded monthly. At the end of the treatment, plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, creatinine and urinary levels of total protein, albumin and creatinine were measured. Several indices of oxidative/carbonyl stress were also measured in plasma, urine and renal tissue. We found that both L- and D-CAR greatly reduced obese-related diseases in obese Zucker rat, by significantly restraining the development of dyslipidaemia, hypertension and renal injury, as demonstrated by both urinary parameters and electron microscopy examinations of renal tissue. Because the protective effect elicited by L- and D-CAR was almost superimposable, we conclude that the pharmacological action of L-CAR is not due to a pro-histaminic effect (D-CAR is not a precursor of histidine, since it is stable to peptidic hydrolysis), and prompted us to propose that some of the biological effects can be mediated by a direct carbonyl quenching mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kang JH. Salsolinol, a catechol neurotoxin, induces modification of ferritin: Protection by histidine dipeptide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:246-251. [PMID: 21787609 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
1-Methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol), an endogenous neurotoxin present in the mammalian brain, is known to perform a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we evaluated oxidative modifications of ferritin occurring after incubation with salsolinol. When ferritin was incubated with salsolinol, protein aggregation increased in a time-dependent manner. Free radical scavengers inhibited this salsolinol-mediated ferritin modification. The exposure of ferritin to salsolinol also results in the generation of protein carbonyl compounds and the formation of dityrosine. The results of this study show that free radicals may perform a pivotal role in salsolinol-mediated ferritin modification. Histidine dipeptides, such as carnosine, have been proposed to function as antioxidant agents in vivo. In this study, we also attempted to determine whether the histidine dipeptides, carnosine and N-acetyl-carnosine, could prevent salsolinol-mediated oxidative modification of ferritin. Our results showed that both carnosine and N-acetyl-carnosine significantly reduced ferritin aggregation. Both compounds effectively inhibited the formation of both carbonyl compounds and dityrosine. These results suggest that carnosine derivatives can, indeed, protect against salsolinol-mediated ferritin modification, as the consequence of free radical-scavenging activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Kang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 360-764, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gizzi P, Pasc A, Dupuy N, Parant S, Henry B, Gérardin C. Molecular Tailored Histidine-Based Complexing Surfactants: From Micelles to Hydrogels. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
48
|
Oshima T, Kanemaru K, Tachiyama H, Ohe K, Baba Y. Adsorption of histidine-containing dipeptides on copper(II) immobilized chelating resin from saline solution. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 876:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|