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da Silva IP, Costa MGC, da Costa Pinto MDFF, da Silva MAA, Filho MAC, Fancelli M. Volatile compounds in citrus in adaptation to water deficit and to herbivory by Diaphorina citri: how the secondary metabolism of the plant is modulated under concurrent stresses. A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024:112157. [PMID: 38871029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Citrus plants are grown in diverse regions of the world, from subtropical to semi-arid and humid tropical areas. Through mechanisms essential for their survival, they adapt to the environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Although there is vast literature on adaptation of citrus plants to individual stresses, plant responses to interaction among different types of stresses have not been clearly examined. Abiotic or biotic stresses, or a combination of these stresses, result in reorganization of plant energy resources for defense, whether it be for resistance, tolerance, or prevention of stress. Plants generally respond to these stress factors through production of secondary metabolites, such as volatile compounds, derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways, which are released through distinct routes. Volatile compounds vary among plant species, meeting the specific needs of the plant. Simultaneous exposure to the stress factors of water deficit and herbivory leads to responses such as qualitative and quantitative changes in the emission of secondary metabolites, and compounds may accumulate within the leaves or predispose the plant to more quickly respond to the stress brought about by the herbivore. The genetic makeup of citrus plants can contribute to a better response to stress factors; however, studies on the emission of volatile compounds in different citrus genotypes under simultaneous stresses are limited. This review examines the effects of abiotic stress due to water deficit and biotic stress due to herbivory by Diaphorina citri in citrus plants and examines their connection with volatile compounds. A summary is made of advances in knowledge regarding the performance of volatile compounds in plant defense against both stress factors, as well as the interaction between them and possible findings in citrus plants. In addition, throughout this review, we focus on how genetic variation of the citrus species is correlated with production of volatile compounds to improve stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiara Pereira da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Ayala Araújo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Li Y, Grotewold E, Dudareva N. Enough is enough: feedback control of specialized metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:514-523. [PMID: 37625949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolism have highlighted the significance of specialized metabolites in the regulation of gene expression associated with biosynthetic networks. This opinion article focuses on the molecular mechanisms of small-molecule-mediated feedback regulation at the transcriptional level and its potential modes of action, including metabolite signal perception, the nature of the sensor, and the signaling transduction mechanisms leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, based on evidence available from plants and other kingdoms of life. We also discuss the challenges associated with identifying the occurrences, effects, and localization of small molecule-protein interactions. Further understanding of small-molecule-controlled metabolic fluxes will enable rational design of transcriptional regulation systems in metabolic engineering to produce high-value specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Li X, Lin Y, Qin Y, Han G, Wang H, Yan Z. Beneficial endophytic fungi improve the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza by performing different ecological functions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16959. [PMID: 38406278 PMCID: PMC10894594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endophytic fungi can enhance the growth and synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is frequently employed for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, with the primary bioactive components being salvianolic acid and tanshinone. However, their levels in cultivated S. miltiorrhiza are inferior to that of the wild herbs, so the production of high-quality medicinal herbs is sharply declining. Consequently, the utilization of beneficial endophytic fungi to improve the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza holds great significance for the cultivation of medicinal plants. Methods In this study, nine non-pathogenic, endophytic fungal strains were introduced into sterile S. miltiorrhiza seedlings and cultivated both in vitro and in situ (the greenhouse). The effects of these strains on the growth indices, C and N metabolism, antioxidant activity, photosynthesis, and content of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza were then evaluated. Results The results showed that the different genera, species, or strains of endophytic fungi regulated the growth and metabolism of S. miltiorrhiza in unique ways. These endophytic fungi primarily exerted their growth-promoting effects by increasing the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, nitrate reductase, and glutamine synthetase. They also enhanced the adaptability and resistance to environmental stresses by improving the synthesis of osmoregulatory compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, their regulatory effects on the growth and development of S. miltiorrhiza were affected by environmental changes. Moreover, the strains that significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic acids inhibited the accumulation of tanshinones components, and vice versa. The endophytic fungal strains Penicillium meloforme DS8, Berkeleyomyces basicola DS10, and Acremonium sclerotigenum DS12 enhanced the bioaccumulation of tanshinones. Fusarium solani DS16 elevated the rosmarinic acid content and yields in S. miltiorrhiza. The strain Penicillium javanicum DS5 improved the contents of dihydrotanshinone, salvianolic acid B, and rosmarinic acid. The strains P. meloforme DS8 and B. basicola DS10 improved resistance. Conclusion Various endophytic fungi affected the quality and yield of S. miltiorrhiza by regulating different physiological and metabolic pathways. This study also provides a novel and effective method to maximize the effects of beneficial endophytic fungi by selecting specific strains to design microbial communities based on the different ecological functions of endophytic fungi under varying environments and for specific production goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Lin
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent Office, CNIPA, Chengdu, Sichaun, China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guiqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Aldana JA, Moa B, Mattsson J, Russell JH, Hawkins BJ. Histological, chemical and gene expression differences between western redcedar seedlings resistant and susceptible to cedar leaf blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1309762. [PMID: 38379949 PMCID: PMC10878471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1309762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) is an important species in the Cupressaceae both at economic and cultural levels in the Pacific Northwest of North America. In adult trees, the species produces one of the most weathering-resistant heartwoods among conifers, making it one of the preferred species for outdoor applications. However, young T. plicata plants are susceptible to infection with cedar leaf blight (Didymascella thujina), an important foliar pathogen that can be devastating in nurseries and small-spaced plantations. Despite that, variability in the resistance against D. thujina in T. plicata has been documented, and such variability can be used to breed T. plicata for resistance against the pathogen. Objective This investigation aimed to discern the phenotypic and gene expression differences between resistant and susceptible T. plicata seedlings to shed light on the potential constitutive resistance mechanisms against cedar leaf blight in western redcedar. Methods The study consisted of two parts. First, the histological differences between four resistant and four susceptible families that were never infected with the pathogen were investigated. And second, the differences between one resistant and one susceptible family that were infected and not infected with the pathogen were analyzed at the chemical (C, N, mineral nutrients, lignin, fiber, starch, and terpenes) and gene expression (RNA-Seq) levels. Results The histological part showed that T. plicata seedlings resistant to D. thujina had constitutively thicker cuticles and lower stomatal densities than susceptible plants. The chemical analyses revealed that, regardless of their infection status, resistant plants had higher foliar concentrations of sabinene and α-thujene, and higher levels of expression of transcripts that code for leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases and for bark storage proteins. Conclusion The data collected in this study shows that constitutive differences at the phenotypic (histological and chemical) and gene expression level exist between T. plicata seedlings susceptible and resistant to D. thujina. Such differences have potential use for marker-assisted selection and breeding for resistance against cedar leaf blight in western redcedar in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Aldana
- School of Arts, Science, and Education, Medicine Hat College, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Belaid Moa
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jim Mattsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - John H. Russell
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Mesachie Lake, BC, Canada
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Wang Q, Shi J, Liu J, Zhang P, Li L, Xie H, Li H, Wang H, Liu C, Qin P. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the accumulation of related metabolites and gene regulation networks during quinoa seed development. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:10. [PMID: 38319430 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are gluten- and cholesterol-free, contain all amino acids required by the human body, have a high protein content, provide endocrine regulation, protein supplementation, and cardiovascular protection effects. However, metabolite accumulation and transcriptional regulatory networks in quinoa seed development are not well understood. Four key stages of seed development in Dianli-3260 and Dianli-557 were thus analyzed and 849 metabolites were identified, among which sugars, amino acids, and lipids were key for developmental processes, and their accumulation showed a gradual decrease. Transcriptome analysis identified 40,345 genes, of which 20,917 were differential between the M and F phases, including 8279 and 12,638 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Grain development processes were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, the biosynthesis of amino acids, and carbon metabolism pathways, in which raffinose, phosphoenolpyruvate, series and other metabolites are significantly enriched, gene-LOC110689372, Gene-LOC110710556 and gene-LOC110714584 are significantly expressed, and these metabolites and genes play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid and Amino acid synthesis of quinoa. This study provides a theoretical basis to expand our understanding of the molecular and metabolic development of quinoa grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jirong Shi
- Food Crop Research Institute, Zhaotong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhaotong, 657000, China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Heng Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Anjitha KS, Sarath NG, Sameena PP, Janeeshma E, Shackira AM, Puthur JT. Plant response to heavy metal stress toxicity: the role of metabolomics and other omics tools. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:965-982. [PMID: 37995340 DOI: 10.1071/fp23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic investigations offers a significant foundation for improved comprehension of the adaptability of plants to reconfigure the key metabolic pathways and their response to changing climatic conditions. Their application to ecophysiology and ecotoxicology help to assess potential risks caused by the contaminants, their modes of action and the elucidation of metabolic pathways associated with stress responses. Heavy metal stress is one of the most significant environmental hazards affecting the physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Metabolomic tools have been widely utilised in the massive characterisation of the molecular structure of plants at various stages for understanding the diverse aspects of the cellular functioning underlying heavy metal stress-responsive mechanisms. This review emphasises on the recent progressions in metabolomics in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses. Also, it discusses the possibility of facilitating effective management strategies concerning metabolites for mitigating the negative impacts of heavy metal contaminants on the growth and productivity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Anjitha
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India
| | - Nair G Sarath
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala 686666, India
| | - P P Sameena
- Department of Botany, PSMO College, Tirurangadi, Malappuram, Kerala 676306, India
| | - Edappayil Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala 676552, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India
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Kumari A, Kumar V, Ovadia R, Oren-Shamir M. Phenylalanine in motion: A tale of an essential molecule with many faces. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108246. [PMID: 37652145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine has a unique role in plants as a source of a wide range of specialized metabolites, named phenylpropanoids that contribute to the adjustment of plants to changing developmental and environmental conditions. The profile of these metabolites differs between plants and plant organs. Some of the prominent phenylpropanoids include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, lignins, glucosinolates and benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles. Phenylalanine biosynthesis, leading to increased phenylpropanoid levels, is induced under stress. However, high availability of phenylalanine in plants under non-stressed conditions can be achieved either by genetically engineering plants to overproduce phenylalanine, or by external treatment of whole plants or detached plant organs with phenylalanine solutions. The objective of this review is to portray the many effects that increased phenylalanine availability has in plants under non-stressed conditions, focusing mainly on external applications. These applications include spraying and drenching whole plants with phenylalanine solutions, postharvest treatments by dipping fruit and cut flower stems, and addition of phenylalanine to cell suspensions. The results of these treatments include increased fragrance in flowers, increased aroma and pigmentation in fruit, increased production of health promoting metabolites in plant cell cultures, and increased resistance of plants, pre- and post-harvest, to a wide variety of pathogens. These effects suggest that plants can very efficiently uptake phenylalanine from their roots, leaves, flowers and fruits, translocate it from one organ to the other and between cell compartments, and metabolize it into phenylpropanoids. The mechanisms by which Phe treatment increases plant resistance to pathogens reveal new roles of phenylpropanoids in induction of genes related to the plant immune system. The simplicity of treatments with phenylalanine open many possibilities for industrial use. Many of the phenylalanine-treatment effects on increased resistance to plant pathogens have also been successful in commercial field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Rinat Ovadia
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Thokchom SD, Gupta S, Mewar SK, Kumar P, Kalra C, Kapoor R. Metabolome profiling of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus treated Ocimum tenuiflorum L. provides insights into deviation in allocation of carbon compounds to secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108039. [PMID: 37717347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) has been reported to influence secondary metabolism of Ocimum tenuiflorum L., thereby improving its therapeutic and commercial importance. To explain changes in the secondary metabolite profile, the study reports effects of AM on leaf metabolome of two high yielding genotypes of O. tenuiflorum inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices. NMR-based non-targeted metabolic fingerprinting was related to changes at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels in mycorrhizal (M) plants. AM resulted in higher accumulation of sucrose, which could be related with enhanced photosynthesis by virtue of increased uptake of mineral nutrients. A strong positive correlation between sucrose and net photosynthetic rate and sucrose and mineral nutrients supported that AM-mediated increase in uptake of mineral nutrients is associated with enhanced photosynthetic rate and accumulation of sucrose. Further, higher sucrose synthase activity resulted in increased glucose. Hexokinase activity was also higher in M plants resulting in higher pyruvate accumulation. On the contrary, Krebs cycle was compromised in M plants as evident by lower activities of its enzymes and concentrations of organic and amino acids. Nevertheless, AM increased activities and expressions of enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis, shikimate, and phenylpropanoid pathways, thereby resulting in augmented production of terpenoids, phenylalanine, and phenols, respectively. Thus, metabolic reprogramming downstream of glycolysis was apparent wherein AMF resulted in more allocation of carbon resources to secondary metabolism as opposed to primary metabolism, which was supported by Pearson's correlation analysis. Higher C:N ratio in M plants explains the provision of more carbon resources to secondary metabolism as against primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samta Gupta
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar Mewar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Charu Kalra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, 110007, India.
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Yu S, Sahito ZA, Lu M, Huang Q, Du P, Chen D, Lian J, Feng Y, He Z, Yang X. Soil water stress alters differentially relative metabolic pathways affecting growth performance and metal uptake efficiency in a cadmium hyperaccumulator ecotype of Sedum alfredii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88986-88997. [PMID: 37450188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Modeling plants for biomass production and metal uptake from surrounding environment is strongly dependent on the moisture content of soil. Therefore, experiments were conducted to find out how soil moisture affects the phenotypic traits, photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic profile, and metal accumulation in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii (S. alfredii). A total of six water potential gradients were set: 0 ~ -15 kPa (T1), -15 ~ -30 kPa (T2), -30 ~ -45 kPa (T3), -45 ~ -60 kPa (T4), -60 ~ -75 kPa (T5), and -75 ~ -90 kPa (T6). Different water potential treatments had a significant effect on plant growth and metal uptake efficiency. Compared to T3, T2 was more effective in promoting plant growth and development, with an increase in biomass of 23% and 17% in both fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), respectively. T2 and T3 had the highest cadmium (Cd) content in the shoot (280.2 mg/kg) and (283.3 mg/kg), respectively, whereas T1 had the lowest values (204.7 mg/kg). Cd availability for plants in the soil was affected by moving soil moisture cycles. Changes in soil moisture that were either too high or too low compared to the ideal soil water content for S. alfredii growth resulted in a significant reduction in Cd accumulation in shoots. Tryptophan, phenylalanine, and other amino acids were accumulated in T5, whereas only tryptophan and phenylalanine slightly increased in T1. Sugars and alcohols such as sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, galactinol, and mannobiose increased in T5, while they decreased significantly in T1. Interestingly, in contrast to T1, the two impaired metabolic pathways in T5 (galactose and starch metabolism) were identified to be glucose metabolic pathways. These findings provide scientific information (based on experiments) to improve biomass production and metal uptake efficiency in hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii for phytoremediation-contaminated agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Sahito
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengtao Du
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapan Lian
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenli He
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Yadav RK, Bock CR, Folahan JT, Siwe-Noundou X, Walker AL, King JA, Buerger C, Huang S, Chamcheu JC. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Cells 2023; 12:1671. [PMID: 37371141 PMCID: PMC10297376 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Improved comprehension of the consequences of the dysregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in patients with inflammatory dermatoses has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and to create more effective preventive and treatment methods for a wide range of inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have revealed that certain natural products and synthetic compounds can obstruct the expression/activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, underscoring their potential in managing common and persistent skin inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of the activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and associated components in immune-mediated inflammatory dermatoses and discusses the potential of bioactive natural products, synthetic scaffolds, and biologic agents in their prevention and treatment. However, further research is necessary to validate the regulatory role of this pathway and develop more effective therapies for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Samuel T. Boateng
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Mohammad B. Uddin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Chelsea R. Bock
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Joy T. Folahan
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O. Box 218, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Anthony L. Walker
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
| | - Judy A. King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
- College of Medicine, Belmont University, 900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Claudia Buerger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinic of the Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (T.R.); (S.T.B.); (S.B.-M.); (R.K.Y.); (C.R.B.); (J.T.F.); (A.L.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA;
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11
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Selma S, Ntelkis N, Nguyen TH, Goossens A. Engineering the plant metabolic system by exploiting metabolic regulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1149-1163. [PMID: 36799285 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the most sophisticated biofactories and sources of food and biofuels present in nature. By engineering plant metabolism, the production of desired compounds can be increased and the nutritional or commercial value of the plant species can be improved. However, this can be challenging because of the complexity of the regulation of multiple genes and the involvement of different protein interactions. To improve metabolic engineering (ME) capabilities, different tools and strategies for rerouting the metabolic pathways have been developed, including genome editing and transcriptional regulation approaches. In addition, cutting-edge technologies have provided new methods for understanding uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways, protein degradation mechanisms, protein-protein interactions, or allosteric feedback, enabling the design of novel ME approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Selma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Ntelkis
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Zhao Q, Gu L, Li Y, Zhi H, Luo J, Zhang Y. Volatile Composition and Classification of Paeonia lactiflora Flower Aroma Types and Identification of the Fragrance-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119410. [PMID: 37298360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower scent is one of the main ornamental characteristics of herbaceous peony, and the improvement of flower fragrance is a vital objective of herbaceous peony breeding. In this study, 87 herbaceous peony cultivars were divided into three groups (no/light fragrance, medium fragrance, and strong fragrance) based on their sensory evaluation scores, and 16 strong fragrance cultivars and one no fragrance cultivar were selected for subsequent analysis. Sixty-eight volatile components were detected in these 17 cultivars based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and 26 types were identified as important scent components. They were composed of terpenoids, benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, and fatty acid derivatives. According to the content and odor threshold of these main aroma components, the characteristic aroma substances of herbaceous peony were identified, including linalool, geraniol, citronellol, and phenylethyl alcohol (2-PE). The cultivars of strong scented herbaceous peony were divided into three types: rose scent, lily scent, and mixed scent. We explored the possible key genes of characteristic aroma substances in herbaceous peony petals with different odors through the qRT-PCR. The key genes encoding monoterpene biosynthesis were found to be PlDXS2, PlDXR1, PlMDS1, PlHDR1, PlGPPS3, and PlGPPS4. In addition, the linalool synthase (LIS) gene and the geraniol synthase (GES) gene were also found. PlAADC1, PlPAR1, and PlMAO1, related to the biosynthesis of 2-PE were detected, and the synthetic pathway of 2-PE was speculated. In conclusion, these findings revealed that the difference in gene expression of monoterpene and 2-PE synthesis pathway was related to the difference in the fragrance of herbaceous peony. This study explored the releasing pathway of herbaceous peony characteristic aroma substances and provided key genetic resources for fragrance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lina Gu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
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13
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Gai QY, Feng X, Jiao J, Xu XJ, Fu JX, He XJ, Fu YJ. Blue LED light promoting the growth, accumulation of high-value isoflavonoids and astragalosides, antioxidant response, and biosynthesis gene expression in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge hairy root cultures. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2023; 153:511-523. [PMID: 37197002 PMCID: PMC10042671 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-023-02486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is one of the most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for fighting COVID-19 infections, due to the presence of isoflavonoids and astragalosides associated with antiviral and immune-enhancing activities. For the first time, the exposure of A. membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) to different colors of LED lights i.e., red, green, blue, red/green/blue (1/1/1, RGB), and white, was conducted to promote the root growth and accumulation of isoflavonoids and astragalosides. LED light treatment regardless of colors was found beneficial for root growth, which might be a result of the formation of more root hairs upon light stimulation. Blue LED light was found most effective for enhancing phytochemical accumulation. Results showed that the productivity of root biomass in blue-light grown AMHRCs with an initial inoculum size of 0.6% for 55 days was 1.40-fold higher than that in dark (control), and yields of high-value isoflavonoids and astragalosides including calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside IV, and astragaloside I increased by 3.17-fold, 2.66-fold, 1.78-fold, and 1.52-fold relative to control, respectively. Moreover, the photooxidative stress together with transcriptional activation of biosynthesis genes might contribute to the enhanced accumulation of isoflavonoids and astragalosides in blue-light grown AMHRCs. Overall, this work offered a feasible approach for obtaining higher yields of root biomass and medicinally important compounds in AMHRCs via the simple supplementation of blue LED light, which made blue-light grown AMHRCs industrially attractive as plant factory in controlled growing systems. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-023-02486-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Gai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xian Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jia He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Kisiel A, Krzemińska A, Cembrowska-Lech D, Miller T. Data Science and Plant Metabolomics. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030454. [PMID: 36984894 PMCID: PMC10054611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of plant metabolism is one of the most complex tasks, mainly due to the huge amount and structural diversity of metabolites, as well as the fact that they react to changes in the environment and ultimately influence each other. Metabolic profiling is most often carried out using tools that include mass spectrometry (MS), which is one of the most powerful analytical methods. All this means that even when analyzing a single sample, we can obtain thousands of data. Data science has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of plant metabolism. This review demonstrates that machine learning, network analysis, and statistical modeling are some techniques being used to analyze large quantities of complex data that provide insights into plant development, growth, and how they interact with their environment. These findings could be key to improving crop yields, developing new forms of plant biotechnology, and understanding the relationship between plants and microbes. It is also necessary to consider the constraints that come with data science such as quality and availability of data, model complexity, and the need for deep knowledge of the subject in order to achieve reliable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kisiel
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Krzemińska
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Miller
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, Popiełuszki 4c, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
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15
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Asare MO, Száková J, Tlustoš P. The fate of secondary metabolites in plants growing on Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated soils-a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11378-11398. [PMID: 36529801 PMCID: PMC9760545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The study used scattered literature to summarize the effects of excess Cd, As, and Pb from contaminated soils on plant secondary metabolites/bioactive compounds (non-nutrient organic substances). Hence, we provided a systematic overview involving the sources and forms of Cd, As, and Pb in soils, plant uptake, mechanisms governing the interaction of these risk elements during the formation of secondary metabolites, and subsequent effects. The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations. The radial risk element flow in plant systems is restricted by the apoplastic barrier (e.g., Casparian strip) and chelation (phytochelatins and vacuole sequestration) in roots. However, bioaccumulation is primarily a function of risk element concentration and plant genotype. The translocation of risk elements to the shoot via the xylem and phloem is well-mediated by transporter proteins. Besides the dysfunction of growth, photosynthesis, and respiration, excess Cd, As, and Pb in plants trigger the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties to counteract the toxic effects. Eventually, this affects the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites (including phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes) and adversely influences their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering properties. The mechanisms governing the translocation of Cd, As, and Pb are vital for regulating risk element accumulation in plants and subsequent effects on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Asare
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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16
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Zhu F, Sun Y, Jadhav SS, Cheng Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. The Plant Metabolic Changes and the Physiological and Signaling Functions in the Responses to Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:129-150. [PMID: 36944876 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has altered, and will further alter, rainfall patterns and temperatures likely causing more frequent drought and heat waves, which will consequently exacerbate abiotic stresses of plants and significantly decrease the yield and quality of crops. On the one hand, the global demand for food is ever-increasing owing to the rapid increase of the human population. On the other hand, metabolic responses are one of the most important mechanisms by which plants adapt to and survive to abiotic stresses. Here we therefore summarize recent progresses including the plant primary and secondary metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and their function in plant resistance acting as antioxidants, osmoregulatory, and signaling factors, which enrich our knowledge concerning commonalities of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stresses, including their involvement in signaling processes. Finally, we discuss potential methods of metabolic fortification of crops in order to improve their abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuming Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sagar Sudam Jadhav
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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17
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Ren H, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Tian X, Gao T. GlPS1 overexpression accumulates coumarin secondary metabolites in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2022; 152:539-553. [PMID: 36573085 PMCID: PMC9770567 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-022-02427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The dried root of Glehnia littoralis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat lung diseases and plays an important role in fighting coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in China. This study focused on the key enzyme gene GlPS1 for furanocoumarin synthesis in G. littoralis. In the 35S:GlPS1 transgenic Arabidopsis study, the Arabidopsis thaliana-overexpressing GlPS1 gene was more salt-tolerant than Arabidopsis in the blank group. Metabolomics analysis showed 30 differential metabolites in Arabidopsis, which overexpressed the GlPS1 gene. Twelve coumarin compounds were significantly upregulated, and six of these coumarin compounds were not detected in the blank group. Among these differential coumarin metabolites, isopimpinellin and aesculetin have been annotated by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and isopimpinellin was not detected in the blank group. Through structural comparison, imperatorin was formed by dehydration and condensation of zanthotoxol and a molecule of isoprenol, and the difference between them was only one isoprene. Results showed that the GlPS1 gene positively regulated the synthesis of coumarin metabolites in A. thaliana and at the same time improved the salt tolerance of A. thaliana. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-022-02427-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchong Yu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Wang W, Liu J, Mishra B, Mukhtar MS, McDowell JM. Sparking a sulfur war between plants and pathogens. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1253-1265. [PMID: 36028431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical versatility of sulfur (S) lends itself to myriad roles in plant-pathogen interactions. This review evaluates the current understanding of mechanisms by which pathogens acquire S from their plant hosts and highlights new evidence that plants can limit S availability during the immune responses. We discuss the discovery of host disease-susceptibility genes related to S that can be genetically manipulated to create new crop resistance. Finally, we summarize future research challenges and propose a research agenda that leverages systems biology approaches for a holistic understanding of this important element's diverse roles in plant disease resistance and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M McDowell
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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19
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Guo Q, Major IT, Kapali G, Howe GA. MYC transcription factors coordinate tryptophan-dependent defence responses and compromise seed yield in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:132-145. [PMID: 35642375 PMCID: PMC9541860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust plant immunity negatively affects other fitness traits, including growth and seed production. Jasmonate (JA) confers broad-spectrum protection against plant consumers by stimulating the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, which in turn relieves repression on transcription factors (TFs) coincident with reduced growth and fecundity. The molecular mechanisms underlying JA-mediated decreases in fitness remain largely unknown. To assess the contribution of MYC TFs to growth and reproductive fitness at high levels of defence, we mutated three MYC genes in a JAZ-deficient mutant (jazD) of Arabidopsis thaliana that exhibits strong defence and low seed yield. Genetic epistasis analysis showed that de-repression of MYC TFs in jazD not only conferred strong resistance to insect herbivory but also reduced shoot and root growth, fruit size and seed yield. We also provided evidence that the JAZ-MYC module coordinates the supply of tryptophan with the production of indole glucosinolates and the proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum bodies that metabolise glucosinolates through the action of β-glucosidases. Our results establish MYCs as major regulators of growth- and reproductive-defence trade-offs and further indicate that these factors coordinate tryptophan availability with the production of amino acid-derived defence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Ian T. Major
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - George Kapali
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Gregg A. Howe
- DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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Singh J, Sharma D, Brar GS, Sandhu KS, Wani SH, Kashyap R, Kour A, Singh S. CRISPR/Cas tool designs for multiplex genome editing and its applications in developing biotic and abiotic stress-resistant crop plants. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11443-11467. [PMID: 36002653 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crop plants are prone to several yield-reducing biotic and abiotic stresses. The crop yield reductions due to these stresses need addressing to maintain an adequate balance between the increasing world population and food production to avoid food scarcities in the future. It is impossible to increase the area under food crops proportionately to meet the rising food demand. In such an adverse scenario overcoming the biotic and abiotic stresses through biotechnological interventions may serve as a boon to help meet the globe's food requirements. Under the current genomic era, the wide availability of genomic resources and genome editing technologies such as Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), and Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas) has widened the scope of overcoming these stresses for several food crops. These techniques have made gene editing more manageable and accessible with changes at the embryo level by adding or deleting DNA sequences of the target gene(s) from the genome. The CRISPR construct consists of a single guide RNA having complementarity with the nucleotide fragments of the target gene sequence, accompanied by a protospacer adjacent motif. The target sequence in the organism's genome is then cleaved by the Cas9 endonuclease for obtaining a desired trait of interest. The current review describes the components, mechanisms, and types of CRISPR/Cas techniques and how this technology has helped to functionally characterize genes associated with various biotic and abiotic stresses in a target organism. This review also summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas technology targeting these stresses in crops through knocking down/out of associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.,Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, KVK, Barnala, India
| | - Dimple Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh Brar
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 58102, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Karansher Singh Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 99163, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Center for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Srinagar, Khudwani, Srinagar, Jammu, Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchika Kashyap
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, 57007, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Amardeep Kour
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, 151001, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Satnam Singh
- Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, 151203, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
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21
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Wang S, Bi Y, Quan W, Christie P. Growth and metabolism of dark septate endophytes and their stimulatory effects on plant growth. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:674-686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Physiological responses of Amaranthus cruentus L. to drought stress under sufficient- and deficient-nitrogen conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270849. [PMID: 35793322 PMCID: PMC9258897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability are two major environmental factors that can impair plant growth, and when combined, their effects on plant performance can be either intensified or reduced. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of nitrogen availability on the responses of Amaranthus cruentus’s metabolism to water stress. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots filled with vermiculite, kept under greenhouse conditions, and were watered three times a week with 70% of a full strength nitrogen-free Long Ashton solution, containing 1.97 or 9.88 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Photosynthetic parameters were evaluated in planta, and leaves were harvested for chemical analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and phenolic contents. Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate, and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols. Six days of water stress did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium, or specialized metabolites but increased the proline under high nitrogen and negatively affected stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, relative water content, instantaneous water use efficiency, and leaf nitrate. The negative effect was more pronounced under high nitrogen supply. The results show that the addition of a high amount of nitrogen made the physiological processes of plants more sensitive to water stress, indicating that the plant response to water restriction depends on the interaction between the different environmental stressors to which the plants are subjected.
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Sestari I, Campos ML. Into a dilemma of plants: the antagonism between chemical defenses and growth. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:469-482. [PMID: 34843032 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemical defenses are imperative for plant survival, but their production is often associated with growth restrictions. Here we review the most recent theories to explain this complex dilemma of plants. Plants are a nutritional source for a myriad of pests and pathogens that depend on green tissues to complete their life cycle. Rather than remaining passive victims, plants utilize an arsenal of chemical defenses to fend off biotic attack. While the deployment of such barriers is imperative for survival, the production of these chemical defenses is typically associated with negative impacts on plant growth. Here we discuss the most recent theories which explain this highly dynamic growth versus defense dilemma. Firstly, we discuss the hypothesis that the antagonism between the accumulation of chemical defenses and growth is rooted in the evolutionary history of plants and may be a consequence of terrestrialization. Then, we revise the different paradigms available to explain the growth versus chemical defense antagonism, including recent findings that update these into more comprehensive and plausible theories. Finally, we highlight state-of-the-art strategies that are now allowing the activation of growth and the concomitant production of chemical barriers in plants. Growth versus chemical defense antagonism imposes large ecological and economic costs, including increased crop susceptibility to pests and pathogens. In a world where these plant enemies are the main problem to increase food production, we believe that this review will summarize valuable information for future studies aiming to breed highly defensive plants without the typical accompanying penalties to growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sestari
- Coordenadoria Especial de Ciências Biológicas e Agronômicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Wang S, Li Y, He L, Yang J, Fernie AR, Luo J. Natural variance at the interface of plant primary and specialized metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102201. [PMID: 35349968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a large number of diverse metabolites when they grow and develop as well as when they respond to the changing external environment. These are an important source of human nutrition and medicine. In this review we emphasized the major issues of the primary-specialized metabolic interface in plant metabolism, described the metabolic flow from primary to specialized metabolism, and the conservation and diversity of primary and specialized metabolites. At the same time, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms underpinning the dynamic balance primary and specialized metabolism based on multi-omics integration analysis, as well as the natural variation of primary and specialized metabolic pathways and genes during the plant evolution. Moreover, the discovery and optimization of the synthesis and regulation elements of various primary to specialized metabolic flows provide the possibility for precise modification and personalized customization of metabolic pathways, which will greatly promote the development of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Liqiang He
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Liu X, Tang N, Xu F, Chen Z, Zhang X, Ye J, Liao Y, Zhang W, Kim SU, Wu P, Cao Z. SMRT and Illumina RNA sequencing reveal the complexity of terpenoid biosynthesis in Zanthoxylum armatum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:664-683. [PMID: 34448876 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) is a popular spice and is often prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine to treat vomiting, diarrhea, ascariasis and eczema, among other conditions. Volatile oils from Z. armatum leaves contain active ingredients, with terpenoids being one of the main components. In the present study, the combination of sequencing data of Z. armatum from PacBio single molecule real time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) platforms facilitated an understanding of the gene regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in pepper leaves. The leaves of three developmental stages from two Z. armatum cultivars, 'Rongchangwuci' (WC) and 'Zhuye' (ZY), were selected as test materials to construct sequencing libraries. A total of 143,122 predictions of unique coding sequences, 105,465 simple sequence repeats, 20,145 transcription factors and 4719 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified, and 142,829 transcripts were successfully annotated. The occurrence of alternative splicing events was verified by reverse transcription PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the expression pattern of six randomly selected lncRNAs. A total of 96,931 differentially expressed genes were filtered from different samples. According to functional annotation, a total of 560 candidate genes were involved in terpenoid synthesis, of which 526 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify the key genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis, the module genes in different samples, including structural and transcription factors genes, were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network method, and the co-expression network of genes was constructed. Thirty-one terpenoids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between 18 compounds with significantly different contents and genes with high connectivity in the module was jointly analyzed in both cultivars, yielding 12 candidate DEGs presumably involved in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis. Our findings showed that full-length transcriptome SMRT and Illumina RNA-Seq can play an important role in studying organisms without reference genomes and elucidating the gene regulation of a biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Soo-Un Kim
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
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Dhakarey R, Yaritz U, Tian L, Amir R. A Myb transcription factor, PgMyb308-like, enhances the level of shikimate, aromatic amino acids, and lignins, but represses the synthesis of flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins, in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac008. [PMID: 35147167 PMCID: PMC9113223 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit peels are highly abundant in metabolites derived from the shikimate pathway, such as hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and flavonoids. These metabolites are beneficial to human health (commercial juice is enriched with peel metabolites), and also protect the fruit from environmental stresses. To understand the transcriptional control of shikimate pathway-related metabolites in pomegranate, we cloned and characterized a subgroup S4 R2R3 Myb transcription factor, PgMyb308-like. Overexpressing PgMyb308-like in pomegranate hairy roots increased the accumulation of shikimate, aromatic amino acids, isoferulic acid, and total lignins, but led to reduced gallic acid and its downstream products HTs, as well as multiple flavonoids. Changes in these metabolites are supported by the increased expression of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and shikimate dehydrogenase 1 (PgSDH1) (the SDH isoform associated with shikimate biosynthesis), and the reduced expression of PgSDH4 (the SDH isoform suggested to produce gallic acid). Transcriptome analysis of PgMyb308-like-overexpressing hairy roots further revealed reprogramming of cell wall-related genes, while overexpression of PgMyb308-like in Arabidopsis thaliana plants uncovered its distinct role in a different genetic and metabolic background. These results together suggest that PgMyb308-like activates genes in the shikimate pathway and lignin biosynthesis, but suppresses those involved in the production of HTs and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dhakarey
- Department of Plant Science, Migal – Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
| | - Uri Yaritz
- Department of Plant Science, Migal – Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel Amir
- Department of Plant Science, Migal – Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
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Lingwan M, Masakapalli SK. A robust method of extraction and GC-MS analysis of Monophenols exhibited UV-B mediated accumulation in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:533-543. [PMID: 35400881 PMCID: PMC8943066 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Studies on specialized metabolites like phenolics are of immense interest owing to their significance to agriculture, nutrition and health. In plants, phenolics accumulate and exhibit spatial and temporal regulations in response to growth conditions. Robust methodologies aimed at efficient extraction of plant phenolics, their qualitative and quantitative analysis is desired. We optimized the analytical and experimental bottlenecks that captured free, ester, glycoside and wall-bound phenolics after acid or alkali treatments of the tissue extracts and subsequent GC-MS analysis. Higher recovery of phenolics from the methanolic extracts was achieved through (a) Ultrasonication assisted extraction along with Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) enrichment (b) nitrogen gas drying and (c) their derivatization using MSTFA for GC-MS analysis. The optimized protocol was tested on Arabidopsis rosette exposed to UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) which triggered enhanced levels of 11 monophenols and might be attributed to photoprotection and other physiological roles. Interestingly, coumaric acid (308 m/z) and caffeic acid (396 m/z) levels were enhanced by 12-14 folds under UV-B. Other phenolics such as cinnamic acid (220 m/z), hydroxybenzoic acid (282 m/z), vanillic acid (312 m/z, gallic acid (458 m/z), ferulic acid (338 m/z), benzoic acid (194 m/z), sinapinic acid (368 m/z) and protocatechuic acid (370 m/z) also showed elevated levels by about 1 to 4 folds. The protocol also comprehensively captured the variations in the levels of ester, glycoside and wall-bounded phenolics with high reproducibility and sensitivity. The robust method of extraction and GC-MS analysis can readily be adopted for studying phenolics in plant systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01150-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Lingwan
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175075 Kamand, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX Center, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, 175075 Kamand, Himachal Pradesh India
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Muhammad Aslam M, Waseem M, Jakada BH, Okal EJ, Lei Z, Saqib HSA, Yuan W, Xu W, Zhang Q. Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031084. [PMID: 35163008 PMCID: PMC8835272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major constraints to rain-fed agricultural production, especially under climate change conditions. Plants evolved an array of adaptive strategies that perceive stress stimuli and respond to these stress signals through specific mechanisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a premier signal for plants to respond to drought and plays a critical role in plant growth and development. ABA triggers a variety of physiological processes such as stomatal closure, root system modulation, organizing soil microbial communities, activation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression, and metabolic alterations. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ABA-mediated drought responses in plants is critical for ensuring crop yield and global food security. In this review, we highlighted how plants adjust ABA perception, transcriptional levels of ABA- and drought-related genes, and regulation of metabolic pathways to alter drought stress responses at both cellular and the whole plant level. Understanding the synergetic role of drought and ABA will strengthen our knowledge to develop stress-resilient crops through integrated advanced biotechnology approaches. This review will elaborate on ABA-mediated drought responses at genetic, biochemical, and molecular levels in plants, which is critical for advancement in stress biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Eyalira Jacob Okal
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Zuliang Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmad Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.M.A.); (Z.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Q.Z.)
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Zhan X, Chen Z, Chen R, Shen C. Environmental and Genetic Factors Involved in Plant Protection-Associated Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877304. [PMID: 35463424 PMCID: PMC9024250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) play essential roles in the adaptation to harsh environments and function in plant defense responses. PSMs act as key components of defense-related signaling pathways and trigger the extensive expression of defense-related genes. In addition, PSMs serve as antioxidants, participating in the scavenging of rapidly rising reactive oxygen species, and as chelators, participating in the chelation of toxins under stress conditions. PSMs include nitrogen-containing chemical compounds, terpenoids/isoprenoids, and phenolics. Each category of secondary metabolites has a specific biosynthetic pathway, including precursors, intermediates, and end products. The basic biosynthetic pathways of representative PSMs are summarized, providing potential target enzymes of stress-mediated regulation and responses. Multiple metabolic pathways share the same origin, and the common enzymes are frequently to be the targets of metabolic regulation. Most biosynthetic pathways are controlled by different environmental and genetic factors. Here, we summarized the effects of environmental factors, including abiotic and biotic stresses, on PSM biosynthesis in various plants. We also discuss the positive and negative transcription factors involved in various PSM biosynthetic pathways. The potential target genes of the stress-related transcription factors were also summarized. We further found that the downstream targets of these Transcription factors (TFs) are frequently enriched in the synthesis pathway of precursors, suggesting an effective role of precursors in enhancing of terminal products. The present review provides valuable insights regarding screening targets and regulators involved in PSM-mediated plant protection in non-model plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaori Zhan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Rong Chen,
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chenjia Shen,
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Zhang C, Liu H, Hu S, Zong Y, Xia H, Li H. Transcriptomic profiling of the floral fragrance biosynthesis pathway of Liriodendron and functional characterization of the LtuDXR gene. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111124. [PMID: 34895551 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Floral fragrance, which has the function of attracting pollinators, is a class of volatile secondary metabolites mainly released by the secretory tissue of petals. Terpenoids are key components of floral volatile substances. Previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the concentration and composition of volatile floral fragrances, especially terpenoids, between Liriodendron chinense and L. tulipifera. At present, the mechanism by which the synthesis of floral fragrance is regulated in Liriodendron remains unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of L. chinense and L. tulipifera, and identified 130 DEGs related to terpenoid synthesis. A KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs related to terpenoid biosynthesis revealed that the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway was the most significant. We cloned the LtuDXR gene from L. tulipifera using RACE technology. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of the LtuDXR gene was the highest in the early florescence petals, indicating that the LtuDXR gene may play a role in the synthesis of volatile terpenoids. Subcellular localization showed that the LtuDXR protein is mainly localized in the chloroplast. Overexpression of LtuDXR in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased the plant height, DXR enzyme activity, and carotenoid content. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized LtuDXR, which is involved in terpenoid synthesis in Liriodendron. Our work lays the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanism by which terpenoid biosynthesis is regulated in Liriodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxian Zong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Bashir MA, Wei J, Wang H, Zhong F, Zhai H. Recent advances in catalytic oxidative reactions of phenols and naphthalenols. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review aims to provide an overview of oxidative phenol and naphthalenol transformations in nature and synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Bashir
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Tyagi K, Lerno L, De Rosso M, Maoz I, Lichter A, Ebeler SE, Flamini R. Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Berries. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2469:1-17. [PMID: 35508825 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenolics are ubiquitous compounds that represent the most abundant and diverse class of plant metabolites. From an analytical point of view, phenolics can be divided into soluble phenolics such as phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and quinones, and nonsoluble compounds such as proanthocyanidins, lignins, and cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids. Extraction of phenolics from the sample material is the first step toward their analysis. Biochemical methods for determination of total phenolics content were widely used in the past but modern chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for identification and quantification of individual compounds are available in recent years. In this chapter, we describe methods for phenolic compounds extraction used in our laboratories from berries of Vitis vinifera and analytical methods including HPLC coupled to DAD detector and Q-TOF LC/MS for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Tyagi
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Larry Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Chemistry Lab., Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Amnon Lichter
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Riccardo Flamini
- Chemistry Lab., Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy.
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Ansar R, Saqib S, Mukhtar A, Niazi MBK, Shahid M, Jahan Z, Kakar SJ, Uzair B, Mubashir M, Ullah S, Khoo KS, Lim HR, Show PL. Challenges and recent trends with the development of hydrogel fiber for biomedical applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131956. [PMID: 34523459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel is the most emblematic soft material which possesses significantly tunable and programmable characteristics. Polymer hydrogels possess significant advantages including, biocompatible, simple, reliable and low cost. Therefore, research on the development of hydrogel for biomedical applications has been grown intensely. However, hydrogel development is challenging and required significant effort before the application at an industrial scale. Therefore, the current work focused on evaluating recent trends and issues with hydrogel development for biomedical applications. In addition, the hydrogel's development methodology, physicochemical properties, and biomedical applications are evaluated and benchmarked against the reported literature. Later, biomedical applications of the nano-cellulose-based hydrogel are considered and critically discussed. Based on a detailed review, it has been found that the surface energy, intermolecular interactions, and interactions of hydrogel adhesion forces are major challenges that contribute to the development of hydrogel. In addition, compared to other hydrogels, nanocellulose hydrogels demonstrated higher potential for drug delivery, 3D cell culture, diagnostics, tissue engineering, tissue therapies and gene therapies. Overall, nanocellulose hydrogel has the potential for commercialization for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Ansar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research, Jaranwala Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Zaib Jahan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salik Javed Kakar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Pedrosa MC, Lima L, Heleno S, Carocho M, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Food Metabolites as Tools for Authentication, Processing, and Nutritive Value Assessment. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092213. [PMID: 34574323 PMCID: PMC8465241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are molecules with unlimited applications that have been gaining importance in various industries and studied from many angles. They are mainly used for their bioactive capabilities, but due to the improvement of sensibility in analytical chemistry, they are also used for authentication and as a quality control parameter for foods, further allowing to help avoid food adulteration and food fraud, as well as helping understand the nutritional value of foods. This manuscript covers the examples of secondary metabolites that have been used as qualitative and authentication molecules in foods, from production, through processing and along their shelf-life. Furthermore, perspectives of analytical chemistry and their contribution to metabolite detection and general perspectives of metabolomics are also discussed.
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Catarino ICA, Monteiro GB, Ferreira MJP, Torres LMB, Domingues DS, Centeno DC, Lobo AKM, Silva EA. Elevated [CO2] Mitigates Drought Effects and Increases Leaf 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid and Caffeine Concentrations During the Early Growth of Coffea Arabica Plants. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.676207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric [CO2] is thought to contribute to changes in precipitation patterns, increasing heatwaves and severe drought scenarios. However, how the combination of elevated [CO2] and progressive drought affect plant metabolism is poorly understood. Aiming to investigate the effects of this environmental condition on photosynthesis and specialized metabolites in leaves of Coffea arabica during the early growth, plants fertilized with ambient (a[CO2]-400 ppm) and elevated (e[CO2]-800 ppm) [CO2] were exposed to well-watered (WW) or water-deficit (WD) regimes for 40 days. Over the 40-day-water-withdrawal, soil moisture, and leaf water potential decreased compared to WW-condition. Elevated [CO2] stimulates CO2 assimilation (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) even under WD. Drought condition slightly changed stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) regardless of [CO2] compared to WW-plants. Total soluble amino acid concentration did not change significantly, while total phenolic compounds concentration decreased under e[CO2] regardless of water regimes. The combination of e[CO2]+WD increased the 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) and caffeine amounts by 40-day when compared to a[CO2]+WD plants. Altogether, these results suggest that e[CO2] buffers mild-drought stress in young C. arabica by increasing A, iWUE and stimulating changes in the leaf contents of 5-CQA and caffeine.
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Ju H, Zhang C, Lu W. Progress in heterologous biosynthesis of forskolin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab009. [PMID: 33928347 PMCID: PMC9113163 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Forskolin, a class of labdane-type diterpenoid, has significant medicinal value in anticancer, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, and heart-strengthening treatments. The main source of natural forskolin is its extraction from the cork tissue of the root of Coleus forskohlii. However, conventional modes of extraction pose several challenges. In recent years, the construction of microbial cell factories to produce medicinal natural products via synthetic biological methods has effectively solved the current problems and is a research hotspot in this field. This review summarizes the recent progress in the heterologous synthesis of forskolin via synthetic biological technology, analyzes the current challenges, and proposes corresponding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, P. R.
China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University),
Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin
300350, P. R. China
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Xu W, Jin X, Yang M, Xue S, Luo L, Cao X, Zhang C, Qiao S, Zhang C, Li J, Wu J, Lv L, Zhao F, Wang N, Tan S, Lyu-Bu AG, Wang C, Wang X. Primary and secondary metabolites produced in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by an endophytic fungal elicitor from Mucor fragilis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:404-412. [PMID: 33571807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most commonly used medicinal materials in China. In recent years, the quality of S. miltiorrhiza has attracted much attention. Biotic and abiotic elicitors are widely used in cultivation to improve the quality of medicinal plants. We isolated an endophytic fungus, Mucor fragilis, from S. miltiorrhiza. We compared the effects of endophytic fungal elicitors with those of yeast extract together with silver ion, widely used together as effective elicitors, on S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Seventeen primary metabolites (amino acids and fatty acids) and five secondary metabolites (diterpenoids and phenolic acids) were analyzed after elicitor treatment. The mycelium extract promoted the accumulation of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Additionally, qPCR revealed that elicitors affect the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites by regulating the expression of key genes (SmAACT, SmGGPPS, and SmPAL). This is the first detection of both the primary and secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, and the results of this work should help guide the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza. In addition, the findings confirm that Mucor fragilis functions as an effective endophytic fungal elicitor with excellent application prospect for cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- School of bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Caijuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sanyang Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junling Li
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqiao Lv
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuting Tan
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - A Ga Lyu-Bu
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Guarino F, Heinze B, Castiglione S, Cicatelli A. Epigenetic Analysis through MSAP-NGS Coupled Technology: The Case Study of White Poplar Monoclonal Populations/Stands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197393. [PMID: 33036388 PMCID: PMC7582538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, several lines of evidence have shown that epigenetic modifications modulate phenotype and mediate an organism’s response to environmental stimuli. Plant DNA is normally highly methylated, although notable differences exist between species. Many biomolecular techniques based on PCR have been developed to analyse DNA methylation status, however a qualitative leap was made with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS). In the case of large, repetitive, or not-yet-sequenced genomes characterised by a high level of DNA methylation, the NGS analysis of bisulphite pre-treated DNA is expensive and time consuming, and moreover, in some cases data analysis is a major challenge. Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analysis is a highly effective method to study DNA methylation. The method is based on the comparison of double DNA digestion profiles (EcoRI-HpaII and EcoRI-MspI) to reveal methylation pattern variations. These are often attributable to pedoclimatic and stress conditions which affect all organisms during their lifetime. In our study, five white poplar (Populus alba L.) specimens were collected from different monoclonal stands in the Maltese archipelago, and their DNA was processed by means of an innovative approach where MSAP analysis was followed by NGS. This allowed us to identify genes that were differentially methylated among the different specimens and link them to specific biochemical pathways. Many differentially methylated genes were found to encode transfer RNAs (tRNAs) related to photosynthesis or light reaction pathways. Our results clearly demonstrate that this combinatorial method is suitable for epigenetic studies of unsequenced genomes like P. alba (at the time of study), and to identify epigenetic variations related to stress, probably caused by different and changing pedoclimatic conditions, to which the poplar stands have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Berthold Heinze
- Department of Forest Genetics, Austrian Federal Research Centre for Forests, 1131 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (F.G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (F.G.); (A.C.)
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Chen J, Zhu M, Liu R, Zhang M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Xiao X, Yuan J, Cai H. BIOMASS YIELD 1 regulates sorghum biomass and grain yield via the shikimate pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5506-5520. [PMID: 32497182 PMCID: PMC7501818 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomass and grain yield are key agronomic traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor); however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these traits are not well understood. Here, we characterized the biomass yield 1 (by1) mutant, which displays a dramatically altered phenotype that includes reduced plant height, narrow stems, erect and narrow leaves, and abnormal floral organs. Histological analysis suggested that these phenotypic defects are mainly caused by inhibited cell elongation and abnormal floral organ development. Map-based cloning revealed that BY1 encodes a 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) that catalyses the first step of the shikimate pathway. BY1 was localized in chloroplasts and was ubiquitously distributed in the organs examined, particularly in the roots, stems, leaves, and panicles, which was consistent with its role in biomass production and grain yield. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling revealed that BY1 was involved in primary metabolism and that it affected the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BY1 affects biomass and grain yield in sorghum by regulating primary and secondary metabolism via the shikimate pathway. Moreover, our results provide important insights into the relationship between plant development and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Ruixiang Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
| | - Jianhua Yuan
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE; Beijing China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
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Lara MV, Bonghi C, Famiani F, Vizzotto G, Walker RP, Drincovich MF. Stone Fruit as Biofactories of Phytochemicals With Potential Roles in Human Nutrition and Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562252. [PMID: 32983215 PMCID: PMC7492728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites present in fruit are key components contributing to sensory attributes like aroma, taste, and color. In addition, these compounds improve human nutrition and health. Stone fruits are an important source of an array of secondary metabolites that may reduce the risk of different diseases. The first part of this review is dedicated to the description of the main secondary organic compounds found in plants which include (a) phenolic compounds, (b) terpenoids/isoprenoids, and (c) nitrogen or sulfur containing compounds, and their principal biosynthetic pathways and their regulation in stone fruit. Then, the type and levels of bioactive compounds in different stone fruits of the Rosaceae family such as peach (Prunus persica), plum (P. domestica, P. salicina and P. cerasifera), sweet cherries (P. avium), almond kernels (P. dulcis, syn. P. amygdalus), and apricot (P. armeniaca) are presented. The last part of this review encompasses pre- and postharvest treatments affecting the phytochemical composition in stone fruit. Appropriate management of these factors during pre- and postharvest handling, along with further characterization of phytochemicals and the regulation of their synthesis in different cultivars, could help to increase the levels of these compounds, leading to the future improvement of stone fruit not only to enhance organoleptic characteristics but also to benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valeria Lara
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giannina Vizzotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 induces ginsenosides biosynthesis in Panax ginseng adventitious roots by inducing plant resistance responses. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:257-264. [PMID: 36119014 PMCID: PMC9476754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fusarium oxysporum is a common pathogenic fungus in ginseng cultivation. Both pathogens and antagonistic fungi have been reported to induce plant resistance responses, thereby promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the advantages of one of the two fungi, in order to screen out more effective elicitors. The mechanism of fungal elicitor-induced plant resistance response is supplemented. Methods A gradient dilution and the dural culture were carried out to screen strains. The test strain was identified by morphology and 18 s rDNA. The effect of different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L) of Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 and F. oxysporum on fresh weight and ginsenosides accumulation were tested. Signal molecules transduction, expression of transcription factors and functional genes were investigated to study the induction mechanism of fungal elicitors. Results Antagonistic fungi of F. oxysporum was identified as Penicillium sp. YJM-2013, which reduced root biomass. The total ginsenosides content of Panax ginseng adventitious roots reached the maximum (48.95 ± 0.97 mg/g) treated with Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 at 200 mg/L, higher than control by 2.59-fold, in which protopanoxadiol-type ginsenosides (PPD) were increased by 4.57 times. Moreover, Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 activated defense signaling molecules, up-regulated the expression of PgWRKY 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and functional genes in ginsenosides synthesis. Conclusion Compared with the pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum, antagonistic fungi Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 was more conducive to the accumulation of ginsenosides in P. ginseng adventitious roots. Penicillium sp. YJM-2013 promoted the accumulation of ginsenosides by intensifying the generation of signal molecules, activating the expression of transcription factors and functional genes.
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Sun Y, Guo J, Li Y, Luo G, Li L, Yuan H, Mur LAJ, Guo S. Negative effects of the simulated nitrogen deposition on plant phenolic metabolism: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137442. [PMID: 32114232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds constitute probably the largest group of plant secondary metabolites and have key roles in plant metabolism. Simulated nitrogen (N) deposition is important to agriculture and has considerable impacts on plant phenolic metabolism but a systematic understanding of such effects is lacking. We here synthesized results from 123 articles and evaluated the responses of plant biomass, in vivo N status, soluble sugar concentrations, carbon (C)/N ratios and multiple phenolic compounds to the simulated N deposition. This meta-analysis showed that the simulated N deposition significantly increased plant biomass and N content but reduced the concentrations of phenolic compounds in a dose-depended manner. This was linked to the suppression of phenolic generating phenylalanine ammonia_lyase activity and key associated gene expression by the simulated N deposition. Total phenolic concentrations were negatively related to biomass but were positively correlated with C/N and soluble sugar contents. Overall, our results indicated adverse effects of simulated N deposition on phenolic metabolism which could compromise key aspects of crop quality and are apparently hidden by positive effects on plant biomass. Our findings have significant ecological and biological implications for plant phenolic metabolism facing global N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingrui Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Huang L, Ho CT, Wang Y. Biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of spice flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2047-2060. [PMID: 32462891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1769547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically, spices have played an important economic role, due to their large applications and unique flavor. The supply and cost of spice materials and their corresponding natural products are often affected by environmental, geopolitical and climatic conditions. Secondary metabolite composition, including certain flavor compounds in spice plants, is recognized and considered closely related to plant classification. Both genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of spice flavors are constantly identified, which provides insight into metabolic engineering of flavor compounds (i.e. aroma and pungent compounds) from spice plants. In this review, a systematic meta-analysis was carried out based on a comprehensive literature survey of the flavor profiles of 36 spice plants from nine families. We also reviewed typical biosynthetic pathways and metabolic engineering of most representative aroma and pungent compounds that may assist in the future study of spice plants as biosynthetic factories facing a new challenge in creating spice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Huang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema, Beibei, Chongqing, China.,Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Florida, USA
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The Secretory Apparatus of Tabernaemontana ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC. (Apocynaceae): Laticifer Identification, Characterization and Distribution. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060686. [PMID: 32481708 PMCID: PMC7355860 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inconsistencies in the interpretation of laticifers within the Apocynaceae, the current study aimed to distinguish, for the first time, the type and distribution of the laticifers in the embryos, seedlings and adult plants of Tabernaemontana ventricosa (Forest Toad tree). The characterization and distribution of laticifers were determined using light and electron microscopy. The findings revealed the presence of articulated anastomosing laticifers. The laticifers were found to have originated from ground meristematic and procambium cells and were randomly distributed in all ground and vascular tissue, displaying complex branching conformations. The presence of chemical constituents within the laticifers and latex determined by histochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, neutral lipids, terpenoids, mucilage, pectin, resin acids, carboxylated polysaccharides, lipophilic, and hydrophilic substances and proteins. These secondary metabolites perform an indispensable role in preventing herbivory, hindering and deterring micro-organisms and may possibly have medicinal importance. The outcomes of the present study outlined the first micromorphology, anatomy, ultrastructural and chemical analysis of the laticifers of T. ventricosa. In addition, this investigation similarly established the probable functions of latex and laticifers.
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Pontarin N, Molinié R, Mathiron D, Tchoumtchoua J, Bassard S, Gagneul D, Thiombiano B, Demailly H, Fontaine JX, Guillot X, Sarazin V, Quéro A, Mesnard F. Age-Dependent Metabolic Profiles Unravel the Metabolic Relationships Within and Between Flax Leaves ( Linum usitatissimum). Metabolites 2020; 10:E218. [PMID: 32466546 PMCID: PMC7345097 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flax for oil seed is a crop of increasing popularity, but its cultivation needs technical improvement. Important agronomic traits such as productivity and resistance to stresses are to be regarded as the result of the combined responses of individual organs and their inter-communication. Ultimately, these responses directly reflect the metabolic profile at the cellular level. Above ground, the complexity of the plant phenotype is governed by leaves at different developmental stages, and their ability to synthesise and exchange metabolites. In this study, the metabolic profile of differently-developed leaves was used firstly to discriminate flax leaf developmental stages, and secondly to analyse the allocation of the metabolites within and between leaves. For this purpose, the concentration of 52 metabolites, both primary and specialized, was followed by gas chromatography (GC-) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in alternate pairs of flax leaves. On the basis of their metabolic content, three populations of leaves in different growth stages could be distinguished. Primary and specialized metabolites showed characteristic distribution patterns, and compounds similarly evolving with leaf age could be grouped by the aid of the Kohonen self-organising map (SOM) algorithm. Ultimately, visualisation of the correlations between metabolites via hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed the assessment of the metabolic fluxes characterising different leaf developmental stages, and the investigation of the relationships between primary and specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pontarin
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
| | | | - Job Tchoumtchoua
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
- Biomass Valorization Platform—Extraction Department, CELABOR, Avenue du Parc 38, 4650 Herve, Belgium
| | - Solène Bassard
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Université de Lille, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France;
| | - Benjamin Thiombiano
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - Xavier Guillot
- Laboulet Semences, 6 rue du Capitaine N’Tchorere, 80270 Airaines, France;
| | - Vivien Sarazin
- SADEF-AgroStation, 30 rue de la Station, 68700 Aspach-Le-Bas, France;
| | - Anthony Quéro
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - François Mesnard
- UMR 1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France; (N.P.); (R.M.); (J.T.); (S.B.); (J.-X.F.)
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Hu R, Sun P, Yu H, Cheng Y, Wang R, Chen X, Kjellberg F. Similitudes and differences between two closely related Ficus species in the synthesis by the ostiole of odors attracting their host-specific pollinators: A transcriptomic based investigation. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zulet-González A, Barco-Antoñanzas M, Gil-Monreal M, Royuela M, Zabalza A. Increased Glyphosate-Induced Gene Expression in the Shikimate Pathway Is Abolished in the Presence of Aromatic Amino Acids and Mimicked by Shikimate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:459. [PMID: 32411158 PMCID: PMC7202288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide glyphosate inhibits the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthetic pathway, also known as the shikimate pathway. Amaranthus palmeri is a fast-growing weed, and several populations have evolved resistance to glyphosate through increased EPSPS gene copy number. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the regulation of the shikimate pathway and determine whether the regulatory mechanisms of glyphosate-sensitive and glyphosate-resistant plants were different. Leaf disks of sensitive and resistant (due to EPSPS gene amplification) A. palmeri plants were incubated for 24 h with glyphosate, AAA, glyphosate + AAA, or several intermediates of the pathway: shikimate, quinate, chorismate and anthranilate. In the sensitive population, glyphosate induced shikimate accumulation and induced the gene expression of the shikimate pathway. While AAA alone did not elicit any change, AAA applied with glyphosate abolished the effects of the herbicide on gene expression. It was not possible to fully mimic the effect of glyphosate by incubation with any of the intermediates, but shikimate was the intermediate that induced the highest increase (three-fold) in the expression level of the genes of the shikimate pathway of the sensitive population. These results suggest that, in this population, the lack of end products (AAA) of the shikimate pathway and shikimate accumulation would be the signals inducing gene expression in the AAA pathway after glyphosate application. In general, the effects on gene expression detected after the application of the intermediates were more severe in the sensitive population than in the resistant population. These results suggest that when EPSPS is overexpressed, as in the resistant population, the regulatory mechanisms of the AAA pathway are disrupted or buffered. The mechanisms underlying this behavior remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Zabalza
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Kim S, Nie H, Jun B, Kim J, Lee J, Kim S, Kim E, Kim S. Functional genomics by integrated analysis of transcriptome of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) during root formation. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:581-596. [PMID: 32240514 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet potato is easily propagated by cuttings. But the molecular biological mechanism of adventitious root formation are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE To understand the molecular mechanisms of adventitious root formation from stem cuttings in sweet potato. METHODS RNA-seq analysis was performed using un-rooted stem (0 day) and rooted stem (3 days). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, comparison with Arabidopsis transcription factors (TFs) of DEGs were conducted to investigate the characteristics of genes and TFs involved in root formation. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis using roots at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after planting was performed to confirm RNA-seq reliability and related genes expression. RESULTS 42,459 representative transcripts and 2092 DEGs were obtained through the RNA-seq analysis. The DEGs indicated the GO terms related to the single-organism metabolic process and cell periphery, and involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in KEGG pathways. The comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana TF database showed that 3 TFs (WRKY, NAC, bHLH) involved in root formation of sweet potato. qRT-PCR analysis, which was conducted to confirm the reliability of RNA-seq analysis, indicated that some metabolisms including oxidative stress and wounding, transport, hormone may be involved in adventitious root formation. CONCLUSIONS The detected genes related to secondary metabolism, some hormone (auxin, gibberellin), transports, etc. and 3 TFs (WRKY, NAC, bHLH) may have functions in adventitious roots formation. This results provide valuable resources for future research on the adventitious root formation of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Hualin Nie
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Byungki Jun
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea.,NH Seed Research Development Center, Nonghyup Agribusiness Group Incorporation, Anseong, 17558, Korea
| | - Jiseong Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Seungill Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Ekyune Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Korea
| | - Sunhyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea.
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Madende M, Hayes M. Fish By-Product Use as Biostimulants: An Overview of the Current State of the Art, Including Relevant Legislation and Regulations within the EU and USA. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051122. [PMID: 32138206 PMCID: PMC7179184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop production systems have adopted cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices to improve crop yields and the quality of food derived from plants. Approaches such as genetic selection and the creation of varieties displaying favorable traits such as disease and drought resistance have been used in the past and continue to be used. However, the use of biostimulants to promote plant growth has increasingly gained attention, and the market size for biostimulants is estimated to reach USD 4.14 billion by 2025. Plant biostimulants are products obtained from different inorganic or organic substances and microorganisms that can improve plant growth and productivity and abate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. They include materials such as protein hydrolysates, amino acids, humic substances, seaweed extracts and food or industrial waste-derived compounds. Fish processing waste products have potential applications as plant biostimulants. This review gives an overview of plant biostimulants with a focus on fish protein hydrolysates and legislation governing the use of plant biostimulants in agriculture.
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Valverde-Lucio Y, Moreno-Quinto J, Quijije-Quiroz K, Castro-Landín A, Merchán-García W, Gabriel-Ortega J. Los bioestimulantes. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2020.110100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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