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Gao H, Wang Y, Huang Z, Yu F, Hu X, Ning D, Xu X. Development of Leptolyngbya sp. BL0902 into a model organism for synthetic biological research in filamentous cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1409771. [PMID: 39104590 PMCID: PMC11298460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have great potential in CO2-based bio-manufacturing and synthetic biological studies. The filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. strain BL0902, is comparable to Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis in commercial-scale cultivation while proving to be more genetically tractable. Here, we report the analyses of the whole genome sequence, gene inactivation/overexpression in the chromosome and deletion of non-essential chromosomal regions in this strain. The genetic manipulations were performed via homologous double recombination using either an antibiotic resistance marker or the CRISPR/Cpf1 editing system for positive selection. A desD-overexpressing strain produced γ-linolenic acid in an open raceway photobioreactor with the productivity of 0.36 g·m-2·d-1. Deletion mutants of predicted patX and hetR, two genes with opposite effects on cell differentiation in heterocyst-forming species, were used to demonstrate an analysis of the relationship between regulatory genes in the non-heterocystous species. Furthermore, a 50.8-kb chromosomal region was successfully deleted in BL0902 with the Cpf1 system. These results supported that BL0902 can be developed into a stable photosynthetic cell factory for synthesizing high value-added products, or used as a model strain for investigating the functions of genes that are unique to filamentous cyanobacteria, and could be systematically modified into a genome-streamlined chassis for synthetic biological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziling Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiqi Yu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Degang Ning
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Maji S, Lee M, Lee J, Lee J, Lee H. Development of lumen-based perfusable 3D liver in vitro model using single-step bioprinting with composite bioinks. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100723. [PMID: 37502830 PMCID: PMC10368928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoids are uniquely organized structures that help maintain a spectrum of hepatic functions. Although several in vitro liver models have been developed to replicate liver sinusoids, most of these platforms require complex, multi-step fabrication methods making it difficult to achieve truly three-dimensional (3D) channel geometries. In this study, a single-step bioprinting technique was demonstrated to simultaneously print a chip platform and develop a perfusable vascularized liver sinusoid in vitro model. The integrated system uses a co-axial-based bioprinting approach to develop a liver sinusoid-like model that consists of a sacrificial core compartment containing a perfusable pre-vascular structure and an alginate-collagen-based shell compartment containing hepatocytes. The lumen-based perfusable 3D liver sinusoid-on-a-chip (LSOC-P) demonstrated significantly better hepatocyte viability, proliferation, and liver-specific gene and protein expression compared to a 3D hepatocyte-based core/shell model with static media and the standard hepatocyte-based 2D sandwich culture system. A drug toxicity evaluation of hepatotoxins highlighted the comparatively higher sensitivity of the LSOC system with a close estimation of the therapeutic range of safe drug concentrations for humans. In conclusion, the current findings indicate that the combinatorial single-step co-axial bioprinting technique is a promising fabrication approach for the development of a perfusable LSOC platform for drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Maji
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Lee
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Hilzenrat G, Gill ET, McArthur SL. Imaging approaches for monitoring three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100380. [PMID: 35357086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing demand for more complex, reproducible and physiologically relevant tissue cultures that can mimic the structural and biological features of living tissues. Monitoring the viability, development and responses of such tissues in real-time are challenging due to the complexities of cell culture physical characteristics and the environments in which these cultures need to be maintained in. Significant developments in optics, such as optical manipulation, improved detection and data analysis, have made optical imaging a preferred choice for many three-dimensional (3D) cell culture monitoring applications. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges associated with imaging and monitoring 3D tissues and cell culture, and highlight topical label-free imaging tools that enable bioengineers and biophysicists to non-invasively characterise engineered living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma T Gill
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Sampson K, Koo S, Gadola C, Vasiukhina A, Singh A, Spartano A, Gollapudi R, Duley M, Mueller J, James PF, Yousefi AM. Cultivation of hierarchical 3D scaffolds inside a perfusion bioreactor: scaffold design and finite-element analysis of fluid flow. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:884. [PMID: 35872663 PMCID: PMC9307081 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of porous 3D scaffolds for the repair of bone nonunion and osteoporotic bone is currently an area of great interest. Using a combination of thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) and 3D-plotting (3DP), we have generated hierarchical 3DP/TIPS scaffolds made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). A full factorial design of experiments was conducted, in which the PLGA and nHA compositions were varied between 6-12% w/v and 10-40% w/w, respectively, totaling 16 scaffold formulations with an overall porosity ranging between 87%-93%. These formulations included an optimal scaffold design identified in our previous study. The internal structures of the scaffolds were examined using scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. Our optimal scaffold was seeded with MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblastic cells and subjected to cell culture inside a tissue culture dish and a perfusion bioreactor. The results were compared to those of a commercial CellCeram™ scaffold with a composition of 40% β-tricalcium phosphate and 60% hydroxyapatite (β-TCP/HA). Media flow within the macrochannels of 3DP/TIPS scaffolds was modeled in COMSOL software in order to fine tune the wall shear stress. CyQUANT DNA assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. The normalized number of cells for the optimal scaffold was more than twofold that of CellCeram™ scaffold after two weeks of culture inside the bioreactor. Despite the substantial variability in the results, the observed improvement in cell proliferation upon culture inside the perfusion bioreactor (vs. static culture) demonstrated the role of macrochannels in making the 3DP/TIPS scaffolds a promising candidate for scaffold-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie Sampson
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Songmi Koo
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Carter Gadola
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Anastasiia Vasiukhina
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Alexandra Spartano
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Rachana Gollapudi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Matthew Duley
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Imaging, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Jens Mueller
- Research Computing Support, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Paul F James
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Amy M Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
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Silberman J, Jha A, Ryan H, Abbate T, Moore E. Modeled vascular microenvironments: immune-endothelial cell interactions in vitro. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2482-2495. [PMID: 33797034 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of in vitro techniques enables a better understanding of biological processes and improves drug screening platforms. In vitro studies allow for enhanced observation of cell behavior, control over the mimicked microenvironment, and the ability to use human cells. In particular, advances in vascular microenvironment recapitulation are of interest given vasculature influence in cardiovascular vascular diseases and cancer. These investigate alterations in endothelial cell behavior and immune cell interactions with endothelial cells. Specific immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells influence endothelial cell behavior by promoting or inhibiting vasculogenesis through cell-cell interaction or soluble signaling. Results from these studies showcase cell behavior in vascular diseases and in the context of tumor metastasis. In this review, we discuss examples of in vitro studies modeling immune cell-endothelial cell interactions to present methods and recent findings in the field. Schematic showcasing common methods of in vitro experimentation of endothelial-immune cell interactions, including interactions with flow, static culture, or in-direct contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Silberman
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aakanksha Jha
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Holly Ryan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Talia Abbate
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA
| | - Erika Moore
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, FL, Gainesville, USA.
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Yaqub N, Wayne G, Birchall M, Song W. Recent advances in human respiratory epithelium models for drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107832. [PMID: 34481894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, presently the third leading cause of death worldwide with a projected economic burden of £1.7 trillion by 2030. Preclinical studies of respiratory physiology have almost exclusively utilised non-humanised animal models, alongside reductionistic cell line-based models, and primary epithelial cell models cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). Despite their utility, these model systems have been limited by their poor correlation to the human condition. This has undermined the ability to identify novel therapeutics, evidenced by a 15% chance of success for medicinal respiratory compounds entering clinical trials in 2018. Consequently, preclinical studies require new translational efficacy models to address the problem of respiratory drug attrition. This review describes the utility of the current in vivo (rodent), ex vivo (isolated perfused lungs and precision cut lung slices), two-dimensional in vitro cell-line (A549, BEAS-2B, Calu-3) and three-dimensional in vitro ALI (gold-standard and co-culture) and organoid respiratory epithelium models. The limitations to the application of these model systems in drug discovery research are discussed, in addition to perspectives of the future innovations required to facilitate the next generation of human-relevant respiratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheem Yaqub
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Gareth Wayne
- Novel Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Bock N. Bioengineered Microtissue Models of the Human Bone Metastatic Microenvironment: A Novel In Vitro Theranostics Platform for Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2054:23-57. [PMID: 31482446 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9769-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the major limitations of studying cancer in distant sites is the lack of representative laboratory models that mimic the biological processes occurring in vivo. In this protocol, we demonstrate the application of melt electrowriting technology (MEW) to provide 3D microfiber scaffolds suitable for this purpose. Using primary human cells, MEW scaffolds support the reproducible formation of human bone-like 3D microenvironments. Co-culture with human cancer cells provides an in vitro bioengineered model of metastases in bone, suitable for investigating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions between bone and cancer cells. By proposing variations to standard tissue histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and 3D imaging techniques, we show how to characterize cell morphology and protein expression in a reproducibly engineered bone metastatic microtissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bock
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia. .,Centre in Regenerative Medicine, IHBI, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
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Kim JA, Hong S, Rhee WJ. Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:803-816. [PMID: 31693013 PMCID: PMC6828593 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research, the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems. Recently, researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional (3D) cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms, and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering. In this review, we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery. In a subsequent section, we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research. In addition, some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
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Lahr CA, Wagner F, Shafiee A, Rudert M, Hutmacher DW, Holzapfel BM. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Exerts Osteo-Catabolic Effects on Bone Grafts That Outweigh Its Osteo-Anabolic Capacity. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:331-340. [PMID: 31214730 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-7) on human cancellous bone grafts (BGs) while differentiating between anabolic and catabolic events. Human BGs alone or supplemented with rhBMP-7 were harvested 14 weeks after subcutaneous implantation into NOD/Scid mice, and studied via micro-CT, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins made it possible to differentiate between grafted human bone and newly formed murine bone. Only BGs implanted with rhBMP-7 formed an ossicle containing a functional hematopoietic compartment. The total ossicle volume in the BMP+ group was higher than in the BMP- group (835 mm3 vs. 365 mm3, respectively, p < 0.001). The BMP+ group showed larger BM spaces (0.47 mm vs. 0.28 mm, p = 0.002) and lower bone volume-to-total volume ratio (31% vs. 47%, p = 0.002). Immunohistochemical staining for human-specific proteins confirmed a higher ratio of newly formed bone area (murine) to total area (0.12 vs. 0.001, p < 0.001) in the BMP+ group, while the ratio of grafted bone (human) area to total area was smaller (0.14 vs. 0.34, p = 0.004). The results demonstrate that rhBMP-7 induces BG resorption at a higher rate than new bone formation while creating a haematopoietic niche. Clinicians therefore need to consider the net catabolic effect when rhBMP-7 is used with BGs. Overall, this model indicates its promising application to further decipher BMPs action on BGs and its potential in complex bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Lahr
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Boris Michael Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstrasse 11, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Pereira BA, Lister NL, Hashimoto K, Teng L, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Eder A, Sanchez-Herrero A, Niranjan B, Frydenberg M, Papargiris MM, Lawrence MG, Taylor RA, Hutmacher DW, Ellem SJ, Risbridger GP, De-Juan-Pardo EM. Tissue engineered human prostate microtissues reveal key role of mast cell-derived tryptase in potentiating cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-induced morphometric transition in vitro. Biomaterials 2019; 197:72-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dual-degradable and injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel mimicking extracellular matrix for 3D culture of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:336-348. [PMID: 30824098 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In tumor biology, it is widely recognized that 3D rather than 2D cell culture can recapitulate key features of solid tumors, including cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In this study, to mimick the ECM of breast cancer, hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels were synthesized from two polyvalent HA derivatives through a hydrazone and photo dual crosslinking process. HA hydrogels could be formed within 120 s. The hydrogels had similar topography and mechanical properties to breast tumor and displayed glutathione and hyaluronidase dual-responsive degradation behavior. Biological studies demonstrated that HA hydrogel could support the proliferation and clustering of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The expression levels of VEGF, IL-8 and bFGF in hydrogel-cultured cells were significantly greater than those in 2D culture. Moreover, cells from hydrogel culture exhibited greater migration/invasion abilities and tumorigenicity than 2D-cultured cells. Therefore, the HA hydrogels are a promising ECM-mimicking matrix for in vitro construction of breast cancer.
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Lee H, Chae S, Kim JY, Han W, Kim J, Choi Y, Cho DW. Cell-printed 3D liver-on-a-chip possessing a liver microenvironment and biliary system. Biofabrication 2019; 11:025001. [PMID: 30566930 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf9fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the drawbacks of in vitro liver testing during drug development, numerous liver-on-a-chip models have been developed. However, current liver-on-a-chip technologies are labor-intensive, lack extracellular matrix (ECM) essential for liver cells, and lack a biliary system essential for excreting bile acids, which contribute to intestinal digestion but are known to be toxic to hepatocytes. Therefore, fabrication methods for development of liver-on-a-chip models that overcome the above limitations are required. Cell-printing technology enables construction of complex 3D structures with multiple cell types and biomaterials. We used cell-printing to develop a 3D liver-on-a-chip with multiple cell types for co-culture of liver cells, liver decellularized ECM bioink for a 3D microenvironment, and vascular/biliary fluidic channels for creating vascular and biliary systems. A chip with a biliary fluidic channel induced better biliary system creation and liver-specific gene expression and functions compared to a chip without a biliary system. Further, the 3D liver-on-a-chip showed better functionalities than 2D or 3D cultures. The chip was evaluated using acetaminophen and it showed an effective drug response. In summary, our results demonstrate that the 3D liver-on-a-chip we developed is promising in vitro liver test platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Wagner F, Holzapfel BM, McGovern JA, Shafiee A, Baldwin JG, Martine LC, Lahr CA, Wunner FM, Friis T, Bas O, Boxberg M, Prodinger PM, Shokoohmand A, Moi D, Mazzieri R, Loessner D, Hutmacher DW. Humanization of bone and bone marrow in an orthotopic site reveals new potential therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. Biomaterials 2018; 171:230-246. [PMID: 29705656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing preclinical murine models often fail to predict effects of anti-cancer drugs. In order to minimize interspecies-differences between murine hosts and human bone tumors of in vivo xenograft platforms, we tissue-engineered a novel orthotopic humanized bone model. METHODS Orthotopic humanized tissue engineered bone constructs (ohTEBC) were fabricated by 3D printing of medical-grade polycaprolactone scaffolds, which were seeded with human osteoblasts and embedded within polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Constructs were then implanted at the femur of NOD-scid and NSG mice. NSG mice were then bone marrow transplanted with human CD34 + cells. Human osteosarcoma (OS) growth was induced within the ohTEBCs by direct injection of Luc-SAOS-2 cells. Tissues were harvested for bone matrix and marrow morphology analysis as well as tumor biology investigations. Tumor marker expression was analyzed in the humanized OS and correlated with the expression in 68 OS patients utilizing tissue micro arrays (TMA). RESULTS After harvesting the femurs micro computed tomography and immunohistochemical staining showed an organ, which had all features of human bone. Around the original mouse femur new bone trabeculae have formed surrounded by a bone cortex. Staining for human specific (hs) collagen type-I (hs Col-I) showed human extracellular bone matrix production. The presence of nuclei staining positive for human nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (hs NuMa) proved the osteocytes residing within the bone matrix were of human origin. Flow cytometry verified the presence of human hematopoietic cells. After injection of Luc-SAOS-2 cells a primary tumor and lung metastasis developed. After euthanization histological analysis showed pathognomic features of osteoblastic OS. Furthermore, the tumor utilized the previously implanted HUVECS for angiogenesis. Tumor marker expression was similar to human patients. Moreover, the recently discovered musculoskeletal gene C12orf29 was expressed in the most common subtypes of OS patient samples. CONCLUSION OhTEBCs represent a suitable orthotopic microenvironment for humanized OS growth and offers a new translational direction, as the femur is the most common location of OS. The newly developed and validated preclinical model allows controlled and predictive marker studies of primary bone tumors and other bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Wagner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany; Department of Orthopedics for the University of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl V.-Allee 3, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstr. 11, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeremy G Baldwin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laure C Martine
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph A Lahr
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felix M Wunner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thor Friis
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Onur Bas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie Boxberg
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter M Prodinger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Davide Moi
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Brisbane, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany.
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14
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Landgraf M, McGovern JA, Friedl P, Hutmacher DW. Rational Design of Mouse Models for Cancer Research. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:242-251. [PMID: 29310843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is widely considered as a valid and affordable model organism to study human disease. Attempts to improve the relevance of murine models for the investigation of human pathologies led to the development of various genetically engineered, xenograft and humanized mouse models. Nevertheless, most preclinical studies in mice suffer from insufficient predictive value when compared with cancer biology and therapy response of human patients. We propose an innovative strategy to improve the predictive power of preclinical cancer models. Combining (i) genomic, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches for rational design of mouse models with (ii) rapid prototyping and computational benchmarking against human clinical data will enable fast and nonbiased validation of newly generated models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Landgraf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacqui A McGovern
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Friedl
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Post 283, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology-Research, Houston, TX, USA; Cancer Genomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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15
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Davies J. Using synthetic biology to explore principles of development. Development 2017; 144:1146-1158. [PMID: 28351865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Developmental biology is mainly analytical: researchers study embryos, suggest hypotheses and test them through experimental perturbation. From the results of many experiments, the community distils the principles thought to underlie embryogenesis. Verifying these principles, however, is a challenge. One promising approach is to use synthetic biology techniques to engineer simple genetic or cellular systems that follow these principles and to see whether they perform as expected. As I review here, this approach has already been used to test ideas of patterning, differentiation and morphogenesis. It is also being applied to evo-devo studies to explore alternative mechanisms of development and 'roads not taken' by natural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XB, UK
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16
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Jun I, Ahmad T, Bak S, Lee JY, Kim EM, Lee J, Lee YB, Jeong H, Jeon H, Shin H. Spatially Assembled Bilayer Cell Sheets of Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells Using Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28230931 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the coculture of multiple cell types has been widely employed in regenerative medicine, in vivo transplantation of cocultured cells while maintaining the hierarchical structure remains challenging. Here, a spatially assembled bilayer cell sheet of human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a thermally expandable hydrogel containing fibronectin is prepared and its effect on in vitro proangiogenic functions and in vivo ischemic injury is investigated. The expansion of hydrogels in response to a temperature change from 37 to 4 °C allows rapid harvest and delivery of the bilayer cell sheet to two different targets (an in vitro model glass surface and in vivo tissue). The in vitro study confirms that the bilayer sheet significantly increases proangiogenic functions such as the release of nitric oxide and expression of vascular endothelial cell genes. In addition, transplantation of the cell sheet from the hydrogels into a hindlimb ischemia mice model demonstrates significant retardation of necrosis particularly in the group transplated with the bilayer sheet. Collectively, the bilayer cell sheet is readily transferrable from the thermally expandable hydrogel and represents an alternative approach for recovery from ischemic injury, potentially via improved cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Bak
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yup Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Jeong
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials; Biomedical Research Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Republic of Korea
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17
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Bottagisio M, Lovati AB. A review on animal models and treatments for the reconstruction of Achilles and flexor tendons. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:45. [PMID: 28155051 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon is a connective tissue mainly composed of collagen fibers with peculiar mechanical properties essential to functional movements. The increasing incidence of tendon traumatic injuries and ruptures-associated or not with the loss of tissue-falls on the growing interest in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The use of animal models is mandatory to deepen the knowledge of the tendon healing response to severe damages or acute transections. Thus, the selection of preclinical models is crucial to ensure a successful translation of effective and safe innovative treatments to the clinical practice. The current review is focused on animal models of tendon ruptures and lacerations or defective injuries with large tissue loss that require surgical approaches or grafting procedures. Data published between 2000 and 2016 were examined. The analyzed articles were compiled from Pub Med-NCBI using search terms, including animal model(s) AND tendon augmentation OR tendon substitute(s) OR tendon substitution OR tendon replacement OR tendon graft(s) OR tendon defect(s) OR tendon rupture(s). This article presents the existing preclinical models - considering their advantages and disadvantages-in which translational progresses have been made by using bioactive sutures or tissue engineering that combines biomaterials with cells and growth factors to efficiently treat transections or large defects of Achilles and flexor tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bottagisio
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna B Lovati
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Towards Best Practice in Establishing Patient-Derived Xenografts. PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HUMAN CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Brechka H, McAuley EM, Lamperis SM, Paner GP, Vander Griend DJ. Contribution of Caudal Müllerian Duct Mesenchyme to Prostate Development. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1733-1741. [PMID: 27595922 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of prostate development and tissue homeostasis has the high potential to reveal mechanisms for prostate disease initiation and identify novel therapeutic approaches for disease prevention and treatment. Our current understanding of prostate lineage specification stems from the use of developmental model systems that rely upon the embryonic preprostatic urogenital sinus mesenchyme to induce the formation of mature prostate epithelial cells. It is unclear, however, how the urogenital sinus epithelium can derive both adult urethral glands and prostate epithelia. Furthermore, the vast disparity in disease initiation between these two glands highlights key developmental factors that predispose prostate epithelia to hyperplasia and cancer. In this study we demonstrate that the caudal Müllerian duct mesenchyme (CMDM) drives prostate epithelial differentiation and is a key determinant in cell lineage specification between urethral glands and prostate epithelia. Utilizing both human embryonic stem cells and mouse embryonic tissues, we document that the CMDM is capable of inducing the specification of androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen, NKX3.1, and Hoxb13-positive prostate epithelial cells. These results help to explain key developmental differences between prostate and urethral gland differentiation, and implicate factors secreted by the caudal Müllerian duct as novel targets for prostate disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brechka
- 1 The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin M McAuley
- 2 The Committee on Molecular Pathology and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sophia M Lamperis
- 3 Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gladell P Paner
- 4 Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald J Vander Griend
- 1 The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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20
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21
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Del Vecchio D, Dy AJ, Qian Y. Control theory meets synthetic biology. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:rsif.2016.0380. [PMID: 27440256 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed an increased presence of control theoretic concepts in synthetic biology. This review presents an organized summary of how these control design concepts have been applied to tackle a variety of problems faced when building synthetic biomolecular circuits in living cells. In particular, we describe success stories that demonstrate how simple or more elaborate control design methods can be used to make the behaviour of synthetic genetic circuits within a single cell or across a cell population more reliable, predictable and robust to perturbations. The description especially highlights technical challenges that uniquely arise from the need to implement control designs within a new hardware setting, along with implemented or proposed solutions. Some engineering solutions employing complex feedback control schemes are also described, which, however, still require a deeper theoretical analysis of stability, performance and robustness properties. Overall, this paper should help synthetic biologists become familiar with feedback control concepts as they can be used in their application area. At the same time, it should provide some domain knowledge to control theorists who wish to enter the rising and exciting field of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Del Vecchio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron J Dy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yili Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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22
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Jackson EL, Lu H. Three-dimensional models for studying development and disease: moving on from organisms to organs-on-a-chip and organoids. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:672-83. [PMID: 27156572 PMCID: PMC4905804 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human development and disease are challenging to study because of lack of experimental accessibility to in vivo systems and the complex nature of biological processes. For these reasons researchers turn to the use of model systems, ranging in complexity and scale from single cells to model organisms. While the use of model organisms is valuable for studying physiology and pathophysiology in an in vivo context and for aiding pre-clinical development of therapeutics, animal models are costly, difficult to interrogate, and not always equivalent to human biology. For these reasons, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have emerged as an attractive model system that contains key aspects of in vivo tissue and organ complexity while being more experimentally tractable than model organisms. In particular, organ-on-a-chip and organoid models represent orthogonal approaches that have been able to recapitulate characteristics of physiology and disease. Here, we review advances in these two categories of 3D cultures and applications in studying development and disease. Additionally, we discuss development of key technologies that facilitate the generation of 3D cultures, including microfluidics, biomaterials, genome editing, and imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Jackson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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23
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Ollé-Vila A, Duran-Nebreda S, Conde-Pueyo N, Montañez R, Solé R. A morphospace for synthetic organs and organoids: the possible and the actual. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:485-503. [PMID: 27032985 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efforts in evolutionary developmental biology have shed light on how organs are developed and why evolution has selected some structures instead of others. These advances in the understanding of organogenesis along with the most recent techniques of organotypic cultures, tissue bioprinting and synthetic biology provide the tools to hack the physical and genetic constraints in organ development, thus opening new avenues for research in the form of completely designed or merely altered settings. Here we propose a unifying framework that connects the concept of morphospace (i.e. the space of possible structures) with synthetic biology and tissue engineering. We aim for a synthesis that incorporates our understanding of both evolutionary and architectural constraints and can be used as a guide for exploring alternative design principles to build artificial organs and organoids. We present a three-dimensional morphospace incorporating three key features associated to organ and organoid complexity. The axes of this space include the degree of complexity introduced by developmental mechanisms required to build the structure, its potential to store and react to information and the underlying physical state. We suggest that a large fraction of this space is empty, and that the void might offer clues for alternative ways of designing and even inventing new organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Ollé-Vila
- ICREA-Complex Systems Lab, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Yeung P, Sin HS, Chan S, Chan GCF, Chan BP. Microencapsulation of Neuroblastoma Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Collagen Microspheres: A 3D Model for Cancer Cell Niche Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144139. [PMID: 26657086 PMCID: PMC4682120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend for researchers to use in vitro 3D models in cancer studies, as they can better recapitulate the complex in vivo situation. And the fact that the progression and development of tumor are closely associated to its stromal microenvironment has been increasingly recognized. The establishment of such tumor supportive niche is vital in understanding tumor progress and metastasis. The mesenchymal origin of many cells residing in the cancer niche provides the rationale to include MSCs in mimicking the niche in neuroblastoma. Here we co-encapsulate and co-culture NBCs and MSCs in a 3D in vitro model and investigate the morphology, growth kinetics and matrix remodeling in the reconstituted stromal environment. Results showed that the incorporation of MSCs in the model lead to accelerated growth of cancer cells as well as recapitulation of at least partially the tumor microenvironment in vivo. The current study therefore demonstrates the feasibility for the collagen microsphere to act as a 3D in vitro cancer model for various topics in cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yeung
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hoi Shun Sin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shing Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Adolescence Medicine and Paediatrics, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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