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Ji D, Luo M, Guo Y, Li Q, Kong L, Ge H, Wang Q, Song Q, Zeng X, Ma J, Wang Y, Meurer J, Chi W. Efficient scavenging of reactive carbonyl species in chloroplasts is required for light acclimation and fitness of plants. New Phytol 2023; 240:676-693. [PMID: 37545368 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) derived from lipid peroxides can act as critical damage or signaling mediators downstream of reactive oxygen species by modifying target proteins. However, their biological effects and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown in plants. Here, we have uncovered the mechanism by which the RCS 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal (HNE) participates in photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle of chloroplasts, a crucial process for maintaining PSII activity under high and changing light conditions. High Light Sensitive 1 (HLT1) is a potential NADPH-dependent reductase in chloroplasts. Deficiency of HLT1 had no impact on the growth of Arabidopsis plants under normal light conditions but increased sensitivity to high light, which resulted from a defective PSII repair cycle. In hlt1 plants, the accumulation of HNE-modified D1 subunit of PSII was observed, which did not affect D1 degradation but hampered the dimerization of repaired PSII monomers and reassembly of PSII supercomplexes on grana stacks. HLT1 is conserved in all photosynthetic organisms and has functions in overall growth and plant fitness in both Arabidopsis and rice under naturally challenging field conditions. Our work provides the mechanistic basis underlying RCS scavenging in light acclimation and suggests a potential strategy to improve plant productivity by manipulating RCS signaling in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daili Ji
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Manfei Luo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinjie Guo
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuxin Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingxi Kong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qiulai Song
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiannan Zeng
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jinfang Ma
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Wang ZH, Jiang S, Xu WH. ROS downregulate TCA activity to modulate energy metabolism via the HIF/miR-34/ACS-PK pathway for lifespan extension in Helicoverpa armigera. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119414. [PMID: 36535371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low tricarboxylic acid (TCA) activity in the brain promote pupal diapause, which is characterized by metabolic depression and lifespan extension. However, it is unclear whether ROS are associated with TCA activity. In this study, we demonstrate that ROS downregulate TCA activity and acetyl-CoA and pyruvate levels in the brains of diapause-destined pupae in the moth Helicoverpa armigera, as well as the protein levels of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and pyruvate kinase (PK), two proteins involved in the biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, respectively. Interestingly, miR-34, which is highly expressed in the brains of diapause-destined pupae, can respond to ROS signaling. Furthermore, we show that miR-34 can reduce the expression of ACS and PK by directly targeting their mRNAs. Additionally, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor, can be activated by ROS and then promotes miR-34 transcription by binding a cis-element in its promoter. Moreover, we observed delayed pupal development after treatment with a ROS activator paraquat and a HIF activator dimethyloxallyl glycine. Taken together, these results suggest that a novel pathway ROS/HIF/miR-34/ACS-PK was found to negatively regulate TCA activity to promote insect diapause for lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Songshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Koza Z, Ayajuddin M, Das A, Chaurasia R, Phom L, Yenisetti SC. Sexual dysfunction precedes motor defects, dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, and impaired dopamine metabolism: Insights from Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1143793. [PMID: 37025374 PMCID: PMC10072259 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1143793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and remains the most neglected, under-reported, and under-recognized aspect of PD. Studies have shown that Dopamine (DA) in the hypothalamus plays a role in regulating sexual behavior. But the detailed mechanism of SD in PD is not known. Drosophila melanogaster shares several genes and signaling pathways with humans which makes it an ideal model for the study of a neurodegenerative disorder such as PD. Courtship behavior of Drosophila is one such behavior that is closely related to human sexual behavior and so plays an important role in understanding sexual behavior in diseased conditions as well. In the present study, a sporadic SD model of PD using Drosophila was developed and SD phenotype was observed based on abnormalities in courtship behavior markers. The Drosophila SD model was developed in such a way that at the window of neurotoxin paraquat (PQ) treatment [PQ is considered a crucial risk factor for PD due to its structural similarity with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+), the active form of PD-inducing agent, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)], it does not exhibit mobility defects but shows SD. The whole brain tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining showed no observable dopaminergic (DAergic) degeneration (number of DA neurons and fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies that target anti-TH primary antibody) of the SD model. Similarly, there was no significant depletion of brain DA and its metabolite levels (HVA and DOPAC) as determined using HPLC-ECD (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using Electrochemical Detector). The present study illustrates that the traits associated with courtship and sexual activity provide sensitive markers at the earlier stage of PD onset. This PQ-induced SD fly model throws an opportunity to decipher the molecular basis of SD under PD conditions and to screen nutraceuticals/potential therapeutic molecules to rescue SD phenotype and further to DAergic neuroprotection.
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Geng SL, Li HY, Zhang XS, Wang T, Zhou SP, Xu WH. CBR1 decreases protein carbonyl levels via the ROS/Akt/CREB pathway to extend lifespan in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. FEBS J 2022; 290:2127-2145. [PMID: 36421037 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a major cause of ageing and ageing-related diseases through protein carbonylation. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that confer protection against ROS. Here, we observed that, compared with nondiapause-destined pupae, high protein carbonyl levels are present in the brains of diapause-destined pupae, which is a 'non-ageing' phase in the moth Helicoverpa armigera. Protein carbonyl levels respond to ROS and decrease metabolic activity to induce diapause in order to extend lifespan. However, protein carbonylation in the brains of diapause-destined pupae still occurs at a physiological level compared to young adult brains. We find that ROS activate Akt, and Akt then phosphorylates the transcription factor CREB to facilitate its nuclear import. CREB binds to the promoter of carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and regulates its expression. High CBR1 levels reduce protein carbonyl levels to maintain physiological levels. This is the first report showing that the moth brain can naturally control protein carbonyl levels through a distinct ROS-Akt-CREB-CBR1 pathway to extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Holvoet H, Long DM, Law A, McClure C, Choi J, Yang L, Marney L, Poeck B, Strauss R, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A, Kretzschmar D. Withania somnifera Extracts Promote Resilience against Age-Related and Stress-Induced Behavioral Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster; a Possible Role of Other Compounds besides Withanolides. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193923. [PMID: 36235577 PMCID: PMC9573261 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (WS) extracts have been used in traditional medicine for millennia to promote healthy aging and wellbeing. WS is now also widely used in Western countries as a nutritional supplement to extend healthspan and increase resilience against age-related changes, including sleep deficits and depression. Although human trials have supported beneficial effects of WS, the study designs have varied widely. Plant material is intrinsically complex, and extracts vary widely with the origin of the plant material and the extraction method. Commercial supplements can contain various other ingredients, and the characteristics of the study population can also be varied. To perform maximally controlled experiments, we used plant extracts analyzed for their composition and stability. We then tested these extracts in an inbred Drosophila line to minimize effects of the genetic background in a controlled environment. We found that a water extract of WS (WSAq) was most potent in improving physical fitness, while an ethanol extract (WSE) improved sleep in aged flies. Both extracts provided resilience against stress-induced behavioral changes. WSE contained higher levels of withanolides, which have been proposed to be active ingredients, than WSAq. Therefore, withanolides may mediate the sleep improvement, whereas so-far-unknown ingredients enriched in WSAq likely mediate the effects on fitness and stress-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Holvoet
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dani M. Long
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander Law
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christine McClure
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Luke Marney
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Burkhard Poeck
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland Strauss
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Botanicals Enhancing Neurological and Functional Resilience in Aging, Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ayajuddin M, Phom L, Koza Z, Modi P, Das A, Chaurasia R, Thepa A, Jamir N, Neikha K, Yenisetti SC. Adult health and transition stage-specific rotenone-mediated Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease: Impact on late-onset neurodegenerative disease models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:896183. [PMID: 36017079 PMCID: PMC9398202 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.896183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects almost 1% of the population worldwide over the age of 50 years. Exposure to environmental toxins like paraquat and rotenone is a risk factor for sporadic PD which constitutes 95% of total cases. Herbicide rotenone has been shown to cause Parkinsonian symptoms in multiple animal models. Drosophila is an excellent model organism for studying neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) including PD. The aging process is characterized by differential expression of genes during different life stages. Hence it is necessary to develop life-stage-matched animal models for late-onset human disease(s) such as PD. Such animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of age-related disease progression and important to understand if a genotropic drug/nutraceutical can be effective during late stages. With this idea, we developed an adult life stage-specific (health and transition phase, during which late-onset NDDs such as PD sets in) rotenone-mediated Drosophila model of idiopathic PD. Drosophila is susceptible to rotenone in dose-time dependent manner. Rotenone-mediated fly model of sporadic PD exhibits mobility defects (independent of mortality), inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal dysfunction (no loss of DAergic neuronal number; however, reduction in rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) synthesis), and alteration in levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and Homovanilic acid (HVA) in brain-specific fashion. These PD-linked behaviors and brain-specific phenotypes denote the robustness of the present fly model of PD. This novel model will be of great help to decipher life stage-specific genetic targets of small molecule mediated DAergic neuroprotection; understanding of which is critical for formulating therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Almalki WH, Alshamrani SA, Fagieha RE, Hallabi NHB, Almatrafi LA, Alahmadi TA. A review on neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress and mitochondria. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.6130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological diseases afflict people of all ages. Neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction are common symptoms of these disorders. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species has been demonstrated to aggravate disease progression in previous investigations (ROS). Because of the large quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their membranes and their fast oxygen consumption rate, neurons are especially susceptible to oxidative damage. The molecular aetiology of neurodegeneration produced by changes in redox balance has not yet been established. New antioxidants have shown considerable potential in modifying disease characteristics. For the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease, ALS and spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington's disease, antioxidant-based therapies are examined extensively in the literature.
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Wright KM, McFerrin J, Alcázar Magaña A, Roberts J, Caruso M, Kretzschmar D, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Developing a Rational, Optimized Product of Centella asiatica for Examination in Clinical Trials: Real World Challenges. Front Nutr 2022; 8:799137. [PMID: 35096945 PMCID: PMC8797052 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.799137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical products are frequently sold as dietary supplements and their use by the public is increasing in popularity. However, scientific evaluation of their medicinal benefits presents unique challenges due to their chemical complexity, inherent variability, and the involvement of multiple active components and biological targets. Translation away from preclinical models, and developing an optimized, reproducible botanical product for use in clinical trials, presents particular challenges for phytotherapeutic agents compared to single chemical entities. Common deficiencies noted in clinical trials of botanical products include limited characterization of the product tested, inadequate placebo control, and lack of rationale for the type of product tested, dose used, outcome measures or even the study population. Our group has focused on the botanical Centella asiatica due to its reputation for enhancing cognition in Eastern traditional medicine systems. Our preclinical studies on a Centella asiatica water extract (CAW) and its bioactive components strongly support its potential as a phytotherapeutic agent for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease through influences on antioxidant response, mitochondrial activity, and synaptic density. Here we describe our robust, scientific approach toward developing a rational phytotherapeutic product based on Centella asiatica for human investigation, addressing multiple factors to optimize its valid clinical evaluation. Specific aspects covered include approaches to identifying an optimal dose range for clinical assessment, design and composition of a dosage form and matching placebo, sourcing appropriate botanical raw material for product manufacture (including the evaluation of active compounds and contaminants), and up-scaling of laboratory extraction methods to available current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) certified industrial facilities. We also address the process of obtaining regulatory approvals to proceed with clinical trials. Our study highlights the complexity of translational research on botanicals and the importance of identifying active compounds and developing sound analytical and bioanalytical methods for their determination in botanical materials and biological samples. Recent Phase I pharmacokinetic studies of our Centella asiatica product in humans (NCT03929250, NCT03937908) have highlighted additional challenges associated with designing botanical bioavailability studies, including specific dietary considerations that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Cabey K, Long DM, Law A, Gray NE, McClure C, Caruso M, Lak P, Wright KM, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A, Kretzschmar D. Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica Extracts Ameliorate Behavioral Deficits in an In Vivo Drosophila melanogaster Model of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010121. [PMID: 35052625 PMCID: PMC8773428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to an increase in the aging population, age-related diseases and age-related changes, such as diminished cognition and sleep disturbances, are an increasing health threat. It has been suggested that an increase in oxidative stress underlies many of these changes. Current treatments for these diseases and changes either have low efficacy or have deleterious side effects preventing long-time use. Therefore, alternative treatments that promote healthy aging and provide resilience against these health threats are needed. The herbs Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica may be two such alternatives because both have been connected with reducing oxidative stress and could therefore ameliorate age-related impairments. To test the effects of these herbs on behavioral phenotypes induced by oxidative stress, we used the Drosophila melanogaster sniffer mutant which has high levels of oxidative stress due to reduced carbonyl reductase activity. Effects on cognition and mobility were assessed using phototaxis assays and both, W. somnifera and C. asiatica water extracts improved phototaxis in sniffer mutants. In addition, W. somnifera improved nighttime sleep in male and female sniffer flies and promoted a less fragmented sleep pattern in male sniffer flies. This suggests that W. somnifera and C. asiatica can ameliorate oxidative stress-related changes in behavior and that by doing so they might promote healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadine Cabey
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Dani M. Long
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander Law
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Christine McClure
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (P.L.); (C.S.M.)
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (P.L.); (C.S.M.)
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (K.C.); (D.M.L.); (A.L.); (N.E.G.); (C.M.); (K.M.W.); (A.S.)
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Strehse JS, Hoffmann D, Protopapas N, Martin H, Maser E. Carbonyl reduction of 4-oxonon-2-enal (4-ONE) by Sniffer from D. magna and D. pulex. Chem Biol Interact 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Strehse JS, Brenner M, Kisiela M, Maser E. The explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) induces gene expression of carbonyl reductase in the blue mussel (Mytilus spp.): a new promising biomarker for sea dumped war relicts? Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4043-4054. [PMID: 33094350 PMCID: PMC8215042 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Millions of tons of all kind of munitions, including mines, bombs and torpedoes have been dumped after World War II in the marine environment and do now pose a new threat to the seas worldwide. Beside the acute risk of unwanted detonation, there is a chronic risk of contamination, because the metal vessels corrode and the toxic and carcinogenic explosives (trinitrotoluene (TNT) and metabolites) leak into the environment. While the mechanism of toxicity and carcinogenicity of TNT and its derivatives occurs through its capability of inducing oxidative stress in the target biota, we had the idea if TNT can induce the gene expression of carbonyl reductase in blue mussels. Carbonyl reductases are members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. They metabolize xenobiotics bearing carbonyl functions, but also endogenous signal molecules such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, biogenic amines, as well as sugar and lipid peroxidation derived reactive carbonyls, the latter providing a defence mechanism against oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we identified and cloned the gene coding for carbonyl reductase from the blue mussel Mytilus spp. by a bioinformatics approach. In both laboratory and field studies, we could show that TNT induces a strong and concentration-dependent induction of gene expression of carbonyl reductase in the blue mussel. Carbonyl reductase may thus serve as a biomarker for TNT exposure on a molecular level which is useful to detect TNT contaminations in the environment and to perform a risk assessment both for the ecosphere and the human seafood consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Strehse
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Brenner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Matiytsiv NP, Chernyk YI. Drosophila melanogaster as a Model System for the Study of Human Neuropathy and the Testing of Neuroprotectors. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Chaudhuri A, Johnson R, Rakshit K, Bednářová A, Lackey K, Chakraborty SS, Krishnan N, Chaudhuri A. Exposure to Spectracide® causes behavioral deficits in Drosophila melanogaster: Insights from locomotor analysis and molecular modeling. Chemosphere 2020; 248:126037. [PMID: 32018111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on gaining insights into the mechanism by which the herbicide- Spectracide®, induces oxidative stress and alters behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Exposure to Spectracide® (50%) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the negative geotaxis response, jumping behavior and dampened locomotor activity rhythm in adult flies compared to non-exposed flies. Protein carbonyl levels indicative of oxidative damage increased significantly coupled with down-regulation of Sniffer gene expression encoding carbonyl reductase (CR) and its activity in Spectracide®-exposed flies. In silico modeling analysis revealed that the active ingredients of Spectracide® (atrazine, diquat dibromide, fluazifop-p-butyl, and dicamba) have significant binding affinity to the active site of CR enzyme, with atrazine having comparatively greater affinity. Our results suggest a mechanism by which ingredients in Spectracide® induce oxidative damage by competitive binding to the active site of a protective enzyme and impair its ability to prevent damage to proteins thereby leading to deficits in locomotor behavior in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata, 126, India
| | | | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Bednářová
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kimberly Lackey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | | | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Anathbandhu Chaudhuri
- Biology Department, Stillman College, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35404, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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Rass M, Oestreich S, Manaj A, Schneuwly S. Loss of fuss in Drosophila melanogaster results in decreased locomotor activity due to an increased number of pauses. MicroPubl Biol 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000230. [PMID: 32550504 PMCID: PMC7252353 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rass
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany ,
Correspondence to: Mathias Rass ()
| | - Svenja Oestreich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ardi Manaj
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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Bednářová A, Kropf M, Krishnan N. The surfactant polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) reduces lifespan and inhibits fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster- In vivo and in vitro study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 188:109883. [PMID: 31704328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop an understanding of the role of adjuvants in a popular glyphosate-based herbicide - Roundup® Concentrate Plus (RCP), on non-target organisms, the effects of pure glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], RCP and a non-ionic surfactant - polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) were studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP (15 μg/mL) and POEA (45 μg/mL) reduced (p < 0.001) lifespan of female flies compared to untreated controls or glyphosate (100 μg/mL). Negative geotaxis responses in female flies were reduced (p < 0.05) following acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not significantly affect this response compared to untreated flies. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA elevated (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl levels while markedly (p < 0.01) inhibiting carbonyl reductase activity whereas glyphosate treatment did not significantly affect protein carbonyl levels or carbonyl reductase activity. Fecundity was reduced (p < 0.05) following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not affect fecundity. In vitro treatment of ovarian stem sheath (OSS) cells with sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA revealed decreased cell viability and enhanced caspase activity indicative of pro-apoptotic processes after 48 h compared to untreated controls. Glyphosate however was non-toxic at the concentration used. The results suggest that RCP and the surfactant POEA are more toxic than pure glyphosate and inhibit fecundity in Drosophila by impairing cell viability through enhanced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bednářová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Maximillian Kropf
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
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Strehse JS, Protopapas N, Maser E. Carbonyl reductase sniffer from the model organism daphnia: Cloning, substrate determination and inhibitory sensitivity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:29-36. [PMID: 30991043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductases (CRs) represent a fundamental enzymatic defense mechanism against oxidative stress. While commonly two carbonyl reductases (CBR1 and CBR3) are found in mammalian genomes, invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster express no CR but a functional homolog to human CBR1, termed sniffer. The importance of sniffer could be demonstrated in D. melanogaster where it protected against age-dependent neurodegeneration. Interestingly, the microcrustacean Daphnia harbors four copies of the CR gene (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4) in addition to one sniffer gene. Due to this unique equipment Daphnia is an ideal model organism to investigate the function of sniffer. Recombinant sniffer from D. magna und D. pules were produced in E. coli, purified by Ni-affinity chromatography and tested with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic diketones, reactive aldehydes and precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The highest catalytic activities were determined for sniffer from D. pulex with the aromatic dicarbonyls 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (kcat/Km = 2.6 s-1 x μM-1) and isatin (kcat/Km = 1.5 s-1 x μM-1). While sniffer from D. magna displayed preference for the same two substances, the respective catalytic activities were noticeably lower. Kinetic constants with aliphatic diketones were generally lower than those with aromatic dicarbonyls for both sniffer enzymes. The best aliphatic diketone as substrate for sniffer from D. magna and D. pulex was hexane-3,4-dione with kcat/Km = 0.23 s-1 μM-1 and kcat/Km = 0.35 s-1 μM-1, respectively. Poor or no detectable activity of the two sniffer enzymes was seen with the aliphatic diketones 2,5-hexanedione and 3,5-heptanedione, the aldehydes butanal, hexanal, decanal, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, trans-2-hexenal, and the AGE precursors glyoxal, methylglyoxal, furfural and glyceraldehyde, indicating no physiological function in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. Substrate inhibition for both sniffer enzymes was observed with the quinone substrates 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. From a variety of pesticides endosulfan turned out as an effective inhibitor of the sniffer enzymes (Ki = 9.2 μM for sniffer from D. magna, Ki = 12.0 μM for sniffer from D. pulex). In conclusion, the present results on sniffer from the protein superfamily of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) in Daphnia ssp. complement earlier studies on carbonyl reductases in the same species and indicate that Daphnia is an interesting model to study the overall response to carbonyl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Strehse
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Protopapas
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Ebert B, Ebert D, Koebsch K, Maser E, Kisiela M. Carbonyl reductases from Daphnia are regulated by redox cycling compounds. FEBS J 2018; 285:2869-2887. [PMID: 29893480 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major source of reactive carbonyl compounds that can damage cellular macromolecules, leading to so-called carbonyl stress. Aside from endogenously formed carbonyls, including highly reactive short-chain aldehydes and diketones, air pollutants derived from diesel exhaust like 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) can amplify oxidative stress by redox cycling, causing tissue damage. Carbonyl reductases (CRs), which are inducible in response to ROS, represent a fundamental enzymatic defense mechanism against oxidative stress. While commonly two carbonyl reductases (CBR1 and CBR3) are found in mammalian genomes, invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster express no CR but a functional homolog to human CBR1, termed sniffer. The microcrustacean Daphnia is an ideal model organism to investigate the function of CRs because of its unique equipment with even four copies of the CR gene (CR1, CR2, CR3, CR4) in addition to one sniffer gene. Cloning and catalytic characterization of two carbonyl reductases CR1 and CR3 from D. magna and D. pulex arenata revealed that both proteins reductively metabolize aromatic dicarbonyls (e.g., menadione, PQ) and aliphatic α-diketones (e.g., 2,3-hexanedione), while sugar-derived aldehydes (methylglyoxal, glyoxal) and lipid peroxidation products such as acrolein and butanal were poor substrates, indicating no physiological function in the metabolism of short-chain aldehydes. Treatment of D. magna with redox cyclers like menadione and the pesticide paraquat led to an upregulation of CR1 and CR3 mRNA, suggesting a role in oxidative stress defense. Further studies are needed to investigate their potential to serve as novel biomarkers for oxidative stress in Daphnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Ebert
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Ebert
- Departement Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Basel University, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Koebsch
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Kisiela
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Circadian clocks generate daily rhythms in gene expression, cellular functions, physiological processes and behavior. The core clock mechanism consists of transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops that turn over with an endogenous circa 24h period. Classical genetic experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster played an essential role in identification of clock genes that turned out to be largely conserved between flies and mammals. Like in mammals, circadian clocks in flies generate transcriptional rhythms in a variety of metabolic pathways related to feeding and detoxification. Given that rhythms pervade metabolism and the loss of metabolic homeostasis is involved in aging and disease, there is increasing interest in understanding how the clocks and the rhythms they control change during aging. The importance of circadian clocks for healthy aging is supported by studies reporting that genetic or environmental clock disruptions are associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan. For example, arrhythmia caused by mutations in core clock genes lead to symptoms of accelerated aging in both flies and mammals, including neurodegenerative phenotypes. Despite the wealth of descriptive data, the mechanisms by which functional clocks confer healthspan and lifespan benefits are poorly understood. Studies in Drosophila discussed here are beginning to unravel causative relationships between the circadian system and aging. In particular, recent data suggest that clocks may be involved in inducing rhythmic expression of specific genes late in life in response to age-related increase in oxidative stress. This review will summarize insights into links between circadian system and aging in Drosophila, which were obtained using powerful genetics tools available for this model organism and taking advantage of the short adult lifespan in flies that is measured in days rather than years.
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Edenharter O, Schneuwly S, Navarro JA. Mitofusin-Dependent ER Stress Triggers Glial Dysfunction and Nervous System Degeneration in a Drosophila Model of Friedreich's Ataxia. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:38. [PMID: 29563863 PMCID: PMC5845754 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most important recessive ataxia in the Caucasian population. It is caused by a deficit of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Despite its pivotal effect on biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and mitochondrial energy production, little is known about the influence of frataxin depletion on homeostasis of the cellular mitochondrial network. We have carried out a forward genetic screen to analyze genetic interactions between genes controlling mitochondrial homeostasis and Drosophila frataxin. Our screen has identified silencing of Drosophila mitofusin (Marf) as a suppressor of FRDA phenotypes in glia. Drosophila Marf is known to play crucial roles in mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial degradation and in the interface between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, we have analyzed the effects of frataxin knockdown on mitochondrial morphology, mitophagy and ER function in our fly FRDA model using different histological and molecular markers such as tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester (TMRE), mitochondria-targeted GFP (mitoGFP), p62, ATG8a, LAMP1, Xbp1 and BiP/GRP78. Furthermore, we have generated the first Drosophila transgenic line containing the mtRosella construct under the UAS control to study the progression of the mitophagy process in vivo. Our results indicated that frataxin-deficiency had a small impact on mitochondrial morphology but enhanced mitochondrial clearance and altered the ER stress response in Drosophila. Remarkably, we demonstrate that downregulation of Marf suppresses ER stress in frataxin-deficient cells and this is sufficient to improve locomotor dysfunction, brain degeneration and lipid dyshomeostasis in our FRDA model. In agreement, chemical reduction of ER stress by means of two different compounds was sufficient to ameliorate the effects of frataxin deficiency in three different fly FRDA models. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that the protection mediated by Marf knockdown in glia is mainly linked to its role in the mitochondrial-ER tethering and not to mitochondrial dynamics or mitochondrial degradation and that ER stress is a novel and pivotal player in the progression and etiology of FRDA. This work might define a new pathological mechanism in FRDA, linking mitochondrial dysfunction due to frataxin deficiency and mitofusin-mediated ER stress, which might be responsible for characteristic cellular features of the disease and also suggests ER stress as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Edenharter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan A. Navarro
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Edenharter O, Clement J, Schneuwly S, Navarro JA. Overexpression of Drosophila frataxin triggers cell death in an iron-dependent manner. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:189-202. [PMID: 28838288 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1363200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most important autosomal recessive ataxia in the Caucasian population. FRDA patients display severe neurological and cardiac symptoms that reflect a strong cellular and axonal degeneration. FRDA is caused by a loss of function of the mitochondrial protein frataxin which impairs the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and in turn the catalytic activity of several enzymes in the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain leading to a diminished energy production. Although FRDA is due to frataxin depletion, overexpression might also be very helpful to better understand cellular functions of frataxin. In this work, we have increased frataxin expression in neurons to elucidate specific roles that frataxin might play in these tissues. Using molecular, biochemical, histological and behavioral methods, we report that frataxin overexpression is sufficient to increase oxidative phosphorylation, modify mitochondrial morphology, alter iron homeostasis and trigger oxidative stress-dependent cell death. Interestingly, genetic manipulation of mitochondrial iron metabolism by silencing mitoferrin successfully improves cell survival under oxidative-attack conditions, although enhancing antioxidant defenses or mitochondrial fusion failed to ameliorate frataxin overexpression phenotypes. This result suggests that cell degeneration is directly related to enhanced incorporation of iron into the mitochondria. Drosophila frataxin overexpression might also provide an alternative approach to identify processes that are important in FRDA such as changes in mitochondrial morphology and oxidative stress induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Edenharter
- a Institute of Zoology , University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Janik Clement
- a Institute of Zoology , University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- a Institute of Zoology , University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Juan A Navarro
- a Institute of Zoology , University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Di
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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22
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Beck KR, Kaserer T, Schuster D, Odermatt A. Virtual screening applications in short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase research. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:157-177. [PMID: 28286207 PMCID: PMC6831487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) enzyme family play fundamental roles in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis as well as in the metabolism of steroids, oxysterols, bile acids, and retinoids in peripheral tissues, thereby controlling the local activation of their cognate receptors. Some of these SDRs are considered as promising therapeutic targets, for example to treat estrogen-/androgen-dependent and corticosteroid-related diseases, whereas others are considered as anti-targets as their inhibition may lead to disturbances of endocrine functions, thereby contributing to the development and progression of diseases. Nevertheless, the physiological functions of about half of all SDR members are still unknown. In this respect, in silico tools are highly valuable in drug discovery for lead molecule identification, in toxicology screenings to facilitate the identification of hazardous chemicals, and in fundamental research for substrate identification and enzyme characterization. Regarding SDRs, computational methods have been employed for a variety of applications including drug discovery, enzyme characterization and substrate identification, as well as identification of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). This review provides an overview of the efforts undertaken in the field of virtual screening supported identification of bioactive molecules in SDR research. In addition, it presents an outlook and addresses the opportunities and limitations of computational modeling and in vitro validation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina R Beck
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Computer Aided Molecular Design Group, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Franco C, Genis L, Navarro JA, Perez-Domper P, Fernandez AM, Schneuwly S, Torres Alemán I. A role for astrocytes in cerebellar deficits in frataxin deficiency: Protection by insulin-like growth factor I. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:100-110. [PMID: 28286293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited neurodegenerative diseases such as Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), produced by deficiency of the mitochondrial chaperone frataxin (Fxn), shows specific neurological deficits involving different subset of neurons even though deficiency of Fxn is ubiquitous. Because astrocytes are involved in neurodegeneration, we analyzed whether they are also affected by frataxin deficiency and contribute to the disease. We also tested whether insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), that has proven effective in increasing frataxin levels both in neurons and in astrocytes, also exerts in vivo protective actions. Using the GFAP promoter expressed by multipotential stem cells during development and mostly by astrocytes in the adult, we ablated Fxn in a time-dependent manner in mice (FGKO mice) and found severe ataxia and early death when Fxn was eliminated during development, but not when deleted in the adult. Analysis of underlying mechanisms revealed that Fxn deficiency elicited growth and survival impairments in developing cerebellar astrocytes, whereas forebrain astrocytes grew normally. A similar time-dependent effect of frataxin deficiency in astrocytes was observed in a fly model. In addition, treatment of FGKO mice with IGF-I improved their motor performance, reduced cerebellar atrophy, and increased survival. These observations indicate that a greater vulnerability of developing cerebellar astrocytes to Fxn deficiency may contribute to cerebellar deficits in this inherited disease. Our data also confirm a therapeutic benefit of IGF-I in early FRDA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Franco
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Spain
| | - L Genis
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Spain
| | | | | | - A M Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Spain
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Francis MJ, Roche S, Cho MJ, Beall E, Min B, Panganiban RP, Rio DC. Drosophila IRBP bZIP heterodimer binds P-element DNA and affects hybrid dysgenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13003-8. [PMID: 27799520 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613508113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, P-element transposition causes mutagenesis and genome instability during hybrid dysgenesis. The P-element 31-bp terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) contain sequences essential for transposase cleavage and have been implicated in DNA repair via protein-DNA interactions with cellular proteins. The identity and function of these cellular proteins were unknown. Biochemical characterization of proteins that bind the TIRs identified a heterodimeric basic leucine zipper (bZIP) complex between an uncharacterized protein that we termed "Inverted Repeat Binding Protein (IRBP) 18" and its partner Xrp1. The reconstituted IRBP18/Xrp1 heterodimer binds sequence-specifically to its dsDNA-binding site within the P-element TIRs. Genetic analyses implicate both proteins as critical for repair of DNA breaks following transposase cleavage in vivo. These results identify a cellular protein complex that binds an active mobile element and plays a more general role in maintaining genome stability.
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Rashid MA, Haque M, Akbar M. Detoxification of Carbonyl Compounds by Carbonyl Reductase in Neurodegeneration. Advances in Neurobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in human diseases, including cancer, and proposed to accelerate aging. The Drosophila Cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CycD/Cdk4) promotes cellular growth by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we examine the neurodegenerative and aging consequences of altering CycD/Cdk4 function in Drosophila. We show that pan-neuronal loss or gain of CycD/Cdk4 increases mitochondrial superoxide, oxidative stress markers, and neurodegeneration and decreases lifespan. We find that RNAi-mediated depletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor, Tfam, can abrogate CycD/Cdk4's detrimental effects on both lifespan and neurodegeneration. This indicates that CycD/Cdk4's pathological consequences are mediated through altered mitochondrial function and a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species. In support of this, we demonstrate that CycD/Cdk4 activity levels in the brain affect the expression of a set of 'oxidative stress' genes. Our results indicate that the precise regulation of neuronal CycD/Cdk4 activity is important to limit mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Icreverzi
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Aida Flor A. Cruz
- Basic Science Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - David W. Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Bruce A. Edgar
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH) Im Neuenheimer Feld 282 D‐69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Liang Q, Liu R, Du S, Ding Y. Structural insights on the catalytic site protection of human carbonyl reductase 1 by glutathione. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Myxococcus xanthus development requires CsgA, a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD) family of proteins. Boynton and Shimkets show that CsgA and SocA oxidize the 2′-OH glycerol moiety on cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol to produce diacylglycerol, dihydroxyacetone, and orthophosphate. SCADs that prevent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Drosophila Sniffer and human HSD17B10, oxidize cardiolipin with similar kinetic parameters. Myxococcus xanthus development requires CsgA, a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD) family of proteins. We show that CsgA and SocA, a protein that can replace CsgA function in vivo, oxidize the 2′-OH glycerol moiety on cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol to produce diacylglycerol (DAG), dihydroxyacetone, and orthophosphate. A lipid extract enriched in DAGs from wild-type cells initiates development and lipid body production in a csgA mutant to bypass the mutational block. This novel phospholipase C-like reaction is widespread. SCADs that prevent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Drosophila Sniffer and human HSD10, oxidize cardiolipin with similar kinetic parameters. HSD10 exhibits a strong preference for cardiolipin with oxidized fatty acids. This activity is inhibited in the presence of the amyloid β peptide. Three HSD10 variants associated with neurodegenerative disorders are inactive with cardiolipin. We suggest that HSD10 protects humans from reactive oxygen species by removing damaged cardiolipin before it induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tye O'Hara Boynton
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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29
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Phom L, Achumi B, Alone DP, Muralidhara, Yenisetti SC. Curcumin's neuroprotective efficacy in Drosophila model of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is phase specific: implication of its therapeutic effectiveness. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 17:481-9. [PMID: 25238331 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra underlies the basic motor impairments of Parkinson's disease (PD). Curcumin has been used for centuries in traditional medicines in India. Our aim is to understand the efficacy of genotropic drug curcumin as a neuroprotective agent in PD. Analysis of different developmental stages in model organisms revealed that they are characterized by different patterns of gene expression which is similar to that of developmental stages of human. Genotropic drugs would be effective only during those life cycle stages for which their target molecules are available. Hence there exists a possibility that targets of genotropic compounds such as curcumin may not be present in all life stages. However, no reports are available in PD models illustrating the efficacy of curcumin in later phases of adult life. This is important because this is the period during which late-onset disorders such as idiopathic PD set in. To understand this paradigm, we tested the protective efficacy of curcumin in different growth stages (early, late health stage, and transition phase) in adult Drosophila flies. Results showed that it can rescue the motor defects during early stages of life but is ineffective at later phases. This observation was substantiated with the finding that curcumin treatment could replenish depleted brain dopamine levels in the PD model only during early stages of life cycle, clearly suggesting its limitation as a therapeutic agent in late-onset neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limamanen Phom
- 1 Drosophila Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Nagaland University (Central) , Lumami, Nagaland, India
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Navarro JA, Botella JA, Metzendorf C, Lind MI, Schneuwly S. Mitoferrin modulates iron toxicity in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:71-82. [PMID: 25841783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia is the most important recessive ataxia in the Caucasian population. Loss of frataxin expression affects the production of iron-sulfur clusters and, therefore, mitochondrial energy production. One of the pathological consequences is an increase of iron transport into the mitochondrial compartment leading to a toxic accumulation of reactive iron. However, the mechanism underlying this inappropriate mitochondrial iron accumulation is still unknown. Control and frataxin-deficient flies were fed with an iron diet in order to mimic an iron overload and used to assess various cellular as well as mitochondrial functions. We showed that frataxin-deficient flies were hypersensitive toward dietary iron and developed an iron-dependent decay of mitochondrial functions. In the fly model exhibiting only partial frataxin loss, we demonstrated that the inability to activate ferritin translation and the enhancement of mitochondrial iron uptake via mitoferrin upregulation were likely the key molecular events behind the iron-induced phenotype. Both defects were observed during the normal process of aging, confirming their importance in the progression of the pathology. In an effort to further assess the importance of these mechanisms, we carried out genetic interaction studies. We showed that mitoferrin downregulation improved many of the frataxin-deficient conditions, including nervous system degeneration, whereas mitoferrin overexpression exacerbated most of them. Taken together, this study demonstrates the crucial role of mitoferrin dysfunction in the etiology of Friedreich's ataxia and provides evidence that impairment of mitochondrial iron transport could be an effective treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jose A Botella
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Metzendorf
- Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria I Lind
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Madabattula ST, Strautman JC, Bysice AM, O'Sullivan JA, Androschuk A, Rosenfelt C, Doucet K, Rouleau G, Bolduc F. Quantitative Analysis of Climbing Defects in a Drosophila Model of Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Vis Exp 2015:e52741. [PMID: 26132637 DOI: 10.3791/52741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotive defects resulting from neurodegenerative disorders can be a late onset symptom of disease, following years of subclinical degeneration, and thus current therapeutic treatment strategies are not curative. Through the use of whole exome sequencing, an increasing number of genes have been identified to play a role in human locomotion. Despite identifying these genes, it is not known how these genes are crucial to normal locomotive functioning. Therefore, a reliable assay, which utilizes model organisms to elucidate the role of these genes in order to identify novel targets of therapeutic interest, is needed more than ever. We have designed a sensitized version of the negative geotaxis assay that allows for the detection of milder defects earlier and has the ability to evaluate these defects over time. The assay is performed in a glass graduated cylinder, which is sealed with a wax barrier film. By increasing the threshold distance to be climbed to 17.5 cm and increasing the experiment duration to 2 min we have observed a greater sensitivity in detecting mild mobility dysfunctions. The assay is cost effective and does not require extensive training to obtain highly reproducible results. This makes it an excellent technique for screening candidate drugs in Drosophila mutants with locomotion defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kacy Doucet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University
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32
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Kim YN, Kim DW, Jo HS, Shin MJ, Ahn EH, Ryu EJ, Yong JI, Cha HJ, Kim SJ, Yeo HJ, Youn JK, Hwang JH, Jeong JH, Kim DS, Cho SW, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Tat-CBR1 inhibits inflammatory responses through the suppressions of NF-κB and MAPK activation in macrophages and TPA-induced ear edema in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:124-34. [PMID: 25818598 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays a crucial role in cell survival and protects against oxidative stress response. However, its anti-inflammatory effects are not yet clearly understood. In this study, we examined whether CBR1 protects against inflammatory responses in macrophages and mice using a Tat-CBR1 protein which is able to penetrate into cells. The results revealed that purified Tat-CBR1 protein efficiently transduced into Raw 264.7 cells and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression levels. In addition, Tat-CBR1 protein leads to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through suppression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Furthermore, Tat-CBR1 protein inhibited inflammatory responses in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation when applied topically. These findings indicate that Tat-CBR1 protein has anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK activation, suggesting that Tat-CBR1 protein may have potential as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Kangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Yong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyu Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Heon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous molecular feedback loops that generate daily rhythms in gene expression, cellular functions, physiological processes and behavior. The mechanisms of circadian clocks are well understood in young fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, but less is known about how circadian system changes during organismal aging. Similar as in humans, rest/activity rhythms tend to weaken with age in fruit flies, suggesting conservation of aging-related changes in the circadian system. It has been shown that aging is associated with reduced expression of core clock genes in peripheral head clocks while similar reduction may not occur in central clock neurons regulating behavioral rhythms. Arrhythmic flies with mutations in core clock genes display accelerated aging and shortened lifespan suggesting that weakened circadian rhythms may contribute to aging phenotypes. To understand whether strong circadian clocks support organism's healthspan and lifespan, future research needs to focus on age-related changes in clock genes as well as clock-controlled genes in specific organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz
- Corresponding author: Jadwiga M. Giebultowicz, Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Phone: (541) 737-5530,
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Kim YN, Jung HY, Eum WS, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Ahn EH, Kim SJ, Lee CH, Yong JI, Ryu EJ, Park J, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Choi SY. Neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-carbonyl reductase 1 against oxidative-stress-induced ischemic neuronal cell damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:181-96. [PMID: 24440593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is a member of the NADPH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily that is known to play an important role in neuronal cell survival via its antioxidant function. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of degenerative disorders including ischemia. However, the role CBR1 plays with regard to ischemic injury is as yet poorly understood. Protein transduction domains such as PEP-1 are well known and now commonly used to deliver therapeutic proteins into cells. In this study, we prepared PEP-1-CBR1 protein and examined whether it protects against oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell damage. PEP-1-CBR1 protein was efficiently transduced into hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells and protected against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal cell death. Transduced PEP-1-CBR1 protein drastically inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, the oxidation of intracellular macromolecules, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transduced PEP-1-CBR1 protein markedly protected against neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus resulting from ischemic injury in an animal model. In addition, PEP-1-CBR1 protein drastically reduced activation of glial cells and lipid peroxidation in an animal model. These results indicate that PEP-1-CBR1 protein significantly protects against oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-CBR1 protein may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic injuries as well as oxidative-stress-induced cell damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Chi Hern Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Ji In Yong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a chemical class of molecules that have generally been conceptualized as deleterious entities, albeit ones whose destructive properties could be harnessed as antimicrobial effector functions to benefit the whole organism. This appealingly simplistic notion has been turned on its head in recent years with the discovery of the NADPH oxidases, or Noxes, a family of enzymes dedicated to the production of ROS in a variety of cells and tissues. The Nox-dependent, physiological generation of ROS is highly conserved across virtually all multicellular life, often as a generalized response to microbes and/or other exogenous stressors. This review discusses the current knowledge of the role of physiologically generated ROS and the enzymes that form them in both normal biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
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Soriano S, Llorens JV, Blanco-Sobero L, Gutiérrez L, Calap-Quintana P, Morales MP, Moltó MD, Martínez-Sebastián MJ. Deferiprone and idebenone rescue frataxin depletion phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Gene 2013; 521:274-81. [PMID: 23542074 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a reduction in the levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, the function of which remains a controversial matter. Several therapeutic approaches are being developed to increase frataxin expression and reduce the intramitochondrial iron aggregates and oxidative damage found in this disease. In this study, we tested separately the response of a Drosophila RNAi model of FRDA (Llorens et al., 2007) to treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) and the antioxidant idebenone (IDE), which are both in clinical trials. The FRDA flies have a shortened life span and impaired motor coordination, and these phenotypes are more pronounced in oxidative stress conditions. In addition, under hyperoxia, the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme aconitase is strongly reduced in the FRDA flies. This study reports that DFP and IDE improve the life span and motor ability of frataxin-depleted flies. We show that DFP eliminates the excess of labile iron in the mitochondria and thus prevents the toxicity induced by iron accumulation. IDE treatment rescues aconitase activity in hyperoxic conditions. These results validate the use of our Drosophila model of FRDA to screen for therapeutic molecules to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Zhang J, Li P, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Cheng W, Wang Y. Ameliorative effects of a combination of baicalin, jasminoidin and cholic acid on ibotenic acid-induced dementia model in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56658. [PMID: 23437202 PMCID: PMC3577735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the therapeutic effects and acting mechanism of a combination of Chinese herb active components, i.e., a combination of baicalin, jasminoidin and cholic acid (CBJC) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Male rats were intracerebroventricularly injected with ibotenic acid (IBO), and CBJC was orally administered. Therapeutic effect was evaluated with the Morris water maze test, FDG-PET examination, and histological examination, and the acting mechanism was studied with DNA microarrays and western blotting. Results CBJC treatment significantly attenuated IBO-induced abnormalities in cognition, brain functional images, and brain histological morphology. Additionally, the expression levels of 19 genes in the forebrain were significantly influenced by CBJC; approximately 60% of these genes were related to neuroprotection and neurogenesis, whereas others were related to anti-oxidation, protein degradation, cholesterol metabolism, stress response, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Expression of these genes was increased, except for the gene related to apoptosis. Changes in expression for 5 of these genes were confirmed by western blotting. Conclusion CBJC can ameliorate the IBO-induced dementia in rats and may be significant in the treatment of AD. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to CBJC’s modulation of a number of processes, mainly through promotion of neuroprotection and neurogenesis, with additional promotion of anti-oxidation, protein degradation, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- The Laboratory Research Center of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Weidong Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongyan Wang
- The Institute of Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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38
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Hartmanová T, Tambor V, Lenčo J, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Maser E, Wsól V. S-Nitrosoglutathione covalently modifies cysteine residues of human carbonyl reductase 1 and affects its activity. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 202:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Clancy D, Birdsall J. Flies, worms and the Free Radical Theory of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:404-12. [PMID: 22504404 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans have provided the largest body of evidence addressing the Free Radical Theory of ageing, however the evidence has not been unequivocally supportive. Oxidative damage to DNA is probably not a major contributor, damage to lipids is assuming greater importance and damage to proteins probably the source of pathology. On balance the evidence does not support a primary role of oxidative damage in ageing in C. elegans, perhaps because of its particular energy metabolic and stress resistance profile. Evidence is more numerous, varied and consistent and hence more compelling for Drosophila, although not conclusive. However there is good evidence for a role of oxidative damage in later life pathology. Future work should: 1/ make more use of protein oxidative damage measurements; 2/ use inducible transgenic systems or pharmacotherapy to ensure genetic equivalence of controls and avoid confounding effects during development; 3/ to try to delay ageing, target interventions which reduce and/or repair protein oxidative damage.
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Krishnan N, Rakshit K, Chow ES, Wentzell JS, Kretzschmar D, Giebultowicz JM. Loss of circadian clock accelerates aging in neurodegeneration-prone mutants. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:1129-35. [PMID: 22227001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks generate rhythms in molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral processes. Recent studies suggest that disruption of the clock mechanism accelerates organismal senescence and age-related pathologies in mammals. Impaired circadian rhythms are observed in many neurological diseases; however, it is not clear whether loss of rhythms is the cause or result of neurodegeneration, or both. To address this important question, we examined the effects of circadian disruption in Drosophila melanogaster mutants that display clock-unrelated neurodegenerative phenotypes. We combined a null mutation in the clock gene period (per(01)) that abolishes circadian rhythms, with a hypomorphic mutation in the carbonyl reductase gene sniffer (sni(1)), which displays oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration. We report that disruption of circadian rhythms in sni(1) mutants significantly reduces their lifespan compared to single mutants. Shortened lifespan in double mutants was coupled with accelerated neuronal degeneration evidenced by vacuolization in the adult brain. In addition, per(01)sni(1) flies showed drastically impaired vertical mobility and increased accumulation of carbonylated proteins compared to age-matched single mutant flies. Loss of per function does not affect sni mRNA expression, suggesting that these genes act via independent pathways producing additive effects. Finally, we show that per(01) mutation accelerates the onset of brain pathologies when combined with neurodegeneration-prone mutation in another gene, swiss cheese (sws(1)), which does not operate through the oxidative stress pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that the period gene may be causally involved in neuroprotective pathways in aging Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Navarro JA, Llorens JV, Soriano S, Botella JA, Schneuwly S, Martínez-Sebastián MJ, Moltó MD. Overexpression of human and fly frataxins in Drosophila provokes deleterious effects at biochemical, physiological and developmental levels. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21017. [PMID: 21779322 PMCID: PMC3136927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FA), the most frequent form of inherited ataxias in the Caucasian population, is caused by a reduced expression of frataxin, a highly conserved protein. Model organisms have contributed greatly in the efforts to decipher the function of frataxin; however, the precise function of this protein remains elusive. Overexpression studies are a useful approach to investigate the mechanistic actions of frataxin; however, the existing literature reports contradictory results. To further investigate the effect of frataxin overexpression, we analyzed the consequences of overexpressing human (FXN) and fly (FH) frataxins in Drosophila. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We obtained transgenic flies that overexpressed human or fly frataxins in a general pattern and in different tissues using the UAS-GAL4 system. For both frataxins, we observed deleterious effects at the biochemical, histological and behavioral levels. Oxidative stress is a relevant factor in the frataxin overexpression phenotypes. Systemic frataxin overexpression reduces Drosophila viability and impairs the normal embryonic development of muscle and the peripheral nervous system. A reduction in the level of aconitase activity and a decrease in the level of NDUF3 were also observed in the transgenic flies that overexpressed frataxin. Frataxin overexpression in the nervous system reduces life span, impairs locomotor ability and causes brain degeneration. Frataxin aggregation and a misfolding of this protein have been shown not to be the mechanism that is responsible for the phenotypes that have been observed. Nevertheless, the expression of human frataxin rescues the aconitase activity in the fh knockdown mutant. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide in vivo evidence of a functional equivalence for human and fly frataxins and indicate that the control of frataxin expression is important for treatments that aim to increase frataxin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - José V. Llorens
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sirena Soriano
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José A. Botella
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - María D. Moltó
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Madrid, Spain
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Kisiela M, El-hawari Y, Martin H, Maser E. Bioinformatic and biochemical characterization of DCXR and DHRS2/4 from Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 191:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chakraborty M, Fry JD. Drosophila lacking a homologue of mammalian ALDH2 have multiple fitness defects. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 191:296-302. [PMID: 21296060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the roles of aldehyde dehydrogenases in non-vertebrate animals. We recently showed that in Drosophila melanogaster, an enzyme with ∼70% amino acid identity to mammalian ALDH2 is necessary for detoxification of dietary ethanol. To investigate other functions of this enzyme, DmALDH, encoded by the gene Aldh, we compared two strains homozygous for Aldh-null mutations to two closely related wild type strains in measures of fitness and stress resistance in the absence of ethanol. Aldh-null strains have lower total reproductive rate, pre-adult viability, resistance to starvation, and possibly longevity than wild-type strains. When maintained under hyperoxia, Aldh nulls die more quickly and accumulate higher levels of protein carbonyls than wild-types, thereby providing evidence that DmALDH is important for detoxifying reactive aldehydes generated by lipid peroxidation. However no effect of Aldh was seen on protein carbonyl levels in flies maintained under normoxia. It is possible that Aldh nulls experience elevated rates of protein carbonylation under normoxia, but this is compensated (at a fitness cost) by increased rates of degradation of the defective proteins. Alternatively, the fitness defects of Aldh nulls under normoxia may result from the absence of one or more other functions of DmALDH, unrelated to protection against protein carbonylation.
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Martin HJ, Ziemba M, Kisiela M, Botella JA, Schneuwly S, Maser E. The Drosophila carbonyl reductase sniffer is an efficient 4-oxonon-2-enal (4ONE) reductase. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 191:48-54. [PMID: 21167142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies with the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that the enzyme sniffer prevented oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration. Mutant flies overexpressing sniffer had significantly extended life spans in a 99.5% oxygen atmosphere compared to wild-type flies. However, the molecular mechanism of this protection remained unclear. Sequence analysis and database searches identified sniffer as a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily with a 27.4% identity to the human enzyme carbonyl reductase type I (CBR1). As CBR1 catalyzes the reduction of the lipid peroxidation products 4HNE and 4ONE, we tested whether sniffer is able to metabolize these lipid derived aldehydes by carbonyl reduction. To produce recombinant enzyme, the coding sequence of sniffer was amplified from a cDNA-library, cloned into a bacterial expression vector and the His-tagged protein was purified by Ni-chelate chromatography. We found that sniffer catalyzed the NADPH-dependent carbonyl reduction of 4ONE (K(m)=24±2 μM, k(cat)=500±10 min(-1), k(cat)/K(m)=350 s(-1) mM(-1)) but not that of 4HNE. The reaction product of 4ONE reduction by sniffer was mainly 4HNE as shown by HPLC- and GC/MS analysis. Since 4HNE, though still a potent electrophile, is less neurotoxic and protein reactive than 4ONE, one mechanism by which sniffer exerts its neuroprotective effects in Drosophila after oxidative stress may be enzymatic reduction of 4ONE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Martin
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Rashid MA, Lee S, Tak E, Lee J, Choi TG, Lee JW, Kim JB, Youn JH, Kang I, Ha J, Kim SS. Carbonyl reductase 1 protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1522-33. [PMID: 20728534 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays an important role in the detoxification of reactive lipid aldehydes. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic β-cell failure. However, the functional role of CBR1 in pancreatic β-cell failure has not been studied yet. Therefore, we investigated the role of CBR1 in pancreatic β-cell failure under glucotoxic and glucolipotoxic conditions. Under both conditions, knockdown of CBR1 by specific siRNA increased β-cell apoptosis, expression of lipogenic enzymes (such as ACC, FAS, and ABCA1), intracellular lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, ER stress, and nuclear SREBP1c, but decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In contrast, overexpression of CBR1 showed the opposite effects. The antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and Tiron, as well as the FAS inhibitor cerulenin, reversed the effects of CBR1 knockdown. Interestingly, the expression level and enzyme activity of CBR1 were significantly decreased in pancreatic islets of db/db mice, compared with those of wild-type mice. In conclusion, CBR1 protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress and promotes their survival in glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rashid
- Medical Science and Engineering Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute (BK-21), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Navarro JA, Ohmann E, Sanchez D, Botella JA, Liebisch G, Moltó MD, Ganfornina MD, Schmitz G, Schneuwly S. Altered lipid metabolism in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2828-40. [PMID: 20460268 PMCID: PMC7108586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of autosomal recessive ataxia caused by a deficit in the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Although demyelination is a common symptom in FRDA patients, no multicellular model has yet been developed to study the involvement of glial cells in FRDA. Using the recently established RNAi lines for targeted suppression of frataxin in Drosophila, we were able to study the effects of general versus glial-specific frataxin downregulation. In particular, we wanted to study the interplay between lowered frataxin content, lipid accumulation and peroxidation and the consequences of these effects on the sensitivity to oxidative stress and fly fitness. Interestingly, ubiquitous frataxin reduction leads to an increase in fatty acids catalyzing an enhancement of lipid peroxidation levels, elevating the intracellular toxic potential. Specific loss of frataxin in glial cells triggers a similar phenotype which can be visualized by accumulating lipid droplets in glial cells. This phenotype is associated with a reduced lifespan, an increased sensitivity to oxidative insult, neurodegenerative effects and a serious impairment of locomotor activity. These symptoms fit very well with our observation of an increase in intracellular toxicity by lipid peroxides. Interestingly, co-expression of a Drosophila apolipoprotein D ortholog (glial lazarillo) has a strong protective effect in our frataxin models, mainly by controlling the level of lipid peroxidation. Our results clearly support a strong involvement of glial cells and lipid peroxidation in the generation of FRDA-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ohmann
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. Botella
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - María D. Moltó
- Department of Genetics, Universidad de Valencia, CIBERSAM, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, C/Sanz y Forés s/n, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany and
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Albertsson E, Larsson DGJ, Förlin L. Induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA in rainbow trout downstream from sewage treatment works--possible roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and oxidative stress. Aquat Toxicol 2010; 97:243-249. [PMID: 20004983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) serves both as a key enzyme in the gonadal synthesis of maturing-inducing hormone in salmonids, and as an enzyme protecting against certain reactive oxygen species. We have previously shown that mRNA of the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD B isoform is increased in rainbow trout caged downstream from a Swedish sewage treatment plant. Here, we report an increase of both the A as well as B form in fish kept downstream from a second sewage treatment plant. The two mRNAs were also induced in fish hepatoma cells in vitro after exposure to effluent extract. This indicates that the effects observed in vivo could be a direct effect on the liver, i.e. the mRNA induction does not require a signal from any other organ. When fish were exposed in vivo to several effluents treated with more advanced methods (ozone, moving bed biofilm reactor or membrane bioreactor) the expression of hepatic mRNA CR/20beta-HSD A and B was significantly reduced. Their abundance did not parallel the reduction of estrogen-responsive transcripts, in agreement with our previous observations that ethinylestradiol is not a potent inducer. Treatment with norethisterone, methyltestosterone or hydrocortisone in vivo did not induce the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD A and B mRNA expression. In contrast, both isoforms were markedly induced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist beta-naphthoflavone as well as by the pro-oxidant herbicide paraquat. We hypothesize that the induction of CR/20beta-HSD A and B by sewage effluents could be due to anthropogenic contaminants stimulating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or causing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Albertsson
- Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Krishnan N, Kretzschmar D, Rakshit K, Chow E, Giebultowicz JM. The circadian clock gene period extends healthspan in aging Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:937-48. [PMID: 20157575 PMCID: PMC2815745 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that aging is affected by biological (circadian) clocks - the internal mechanisms that coordinate daily changes in gene expression, physiological functions and behavior with external day/night cycles. Recent data suggest that disruption of the mammalian circadian clock results in accelerated aging and increased age-related pathologies such as cancer; however, the links between loss of daily rhythms and aging are not understood. We sought to determine whether disruption of the circadian clock affects lifespan and healthspan in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We examined effects of a null mutation in the circadian clock gene period (per(01)) on the fly healthspan by challenging aging flies with short-term oxidative stress (24h hyperoxia) and investigating their response in terms of mortality hazard, levels of oxidative damage, and functional senescence. Exposure to 24h hyperoxia during middle age significantly shortened the life expectancy in per(01) but not in control flies. This homeostatic challenge also led to significantly higher accumulation of oxidative damage in per(01) flies compared to controls. In addition, aging per(01) flies showed accelerated functional decline, such as lower climbing ability and increased neuronal degeneration compared to age-matched controls. Together, these data suggest that impaired stress defense pathways may contribute to accelerated aging in the per mutant. In addition, we show that the expression of per gene declines in old wild type flies, suggesting that the circadian regulatory network becomes impaired with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
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Pilka ES, Niesen FH, Lee WH, El-Hawari Y, Dunford JE, Kochan G, Wsol V, Martin HJ, Maser E, Oppermann U. Structural basis for substrate specificity in human monomeric carbonyl reductases. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7113. [PMID: 19841672 PMCID: PMC2741203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl reduction constitutes a phase I reaction for many xenobiotics and is carried out in mammals mainly by members of two protein families, namely aldo-keto reductases and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. In addition to their capacity to reduce xenobiotics, several of the enzymes act on endogenous compounds such as steroids or eicosanoids. One of the major carbonyl reducing enzymes found in humans is carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) with a very broad substrate spectrum. A paralog, carbonyl reductase 3 (CBR3) has about 70% sequence identity and has not been sufficiently characterized to date. Screening of a focused xenobiotic compound library revealed that CBR3 has narrower substrate specificity and acts on several orthoquinones, as well as isatin or the anticancer drug oracin. To further investigate structure-activity relationships between these enzymes we crystallized CBR3, performed substrate docking, site-directed mutagenesis and compared its kinetic features to CBR1. Despite high sequence similarities, the active sites differ in shape and surface properties. The data reveal that the differences in substrate specificity are largely due to a short segment of a substrate binding loop comprising critical residues Trp229/Pro230, Ala235/Asp236 as well as part of the active site formed by Met141/Gln142 in CBR1 and CBR3, respectively. The data suggest a minor role in xenobiotic metabolism for CBR3. Enhanced version This article can also be viewed as an enhanced version in which the text of the article is integrated with interactive 3D representations and animated transitions. Please note that a web plugin is required to access this enhanced functionality. Instructions for the installation and use of the web plugin are available in Text S1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa S. Pilka
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H. Niesen
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Hwa Lee
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
| | | | - James E. Dunford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Center, Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Wsol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Center, Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Gruenewald C, Botella JA, Bayersdorfer F, Navarro JA, Schneuwly S. Hyperoxia-induced neurodegeneration as a tool to identify neuroprotective genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1668-76. [PMID: 19345730 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported to be a common underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Huntington, Creutzfeld-Jakob, and Parkinson disease. Despite the increasing number of articles showing a correlation between oxidative damage and neurodegeneration little is known about the genetic elements that confer protection against the deleterious effects of an oxidative imbalance in neurons. We show that oxygen-induced damage is a direct cause of brain degeneration in Drosophila and establish an experimental setup measuring dopaminergic neuron survival to model oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in flies. The overexpression of superoxide dismutase but not catalase was able to protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative imbalance under hyperoxia treatment. In an effort to identify new genes involved in the process of oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration, we have carried out a genome-wide expression analysis to identify genes whose expression is upregulated in fly heads under hyperoxia. Among them, a number of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic chaperones could be identified and were shown to protect dopaminergic neurons when overexpressed, thus validating our approach to identifying new genes involved in the neuronal defense mechanism against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gruenewald
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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