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Ji H, Feng S, Liu Y, Cao Y, Lou H, Li Z. Effect of GVHD on the gut and intestinal microflora. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101977. [PMID: 38184214 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most important cause of death in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common sites affected by GVHD. However, there is no gold standard clinical practice for diagnosing gastrointestinal GVHD (GI-GVHD), and it is mainly diagnosed by the patient's clinical symptoms and related histological changes. Additionally, GI-GVHD causes intestinal immune system disorders, damages intestinal epithelial tissue such as intestinal epithelial cells((IEC), goblet, Paneth, and intestinal stem cells, and disrupts the intestinal epithelium's physical and chemical mucosal barriers. The use of antibiotics and diet alterations significantly reduces intestinal microbial diversity, further reducing bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and indole, aggravating infection, and GI-GVHD. gut microbe diversity can be restored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat refractory GI-GVHD. This review article focuses on the clinical diagnosis of GI-GVHD and the effect of GVHD on intestinal flora and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Emergency of Department, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - HuiQuan Lou
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zengzheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
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Shao T, Hsu R, Rafizadeh DL, Wang L, Bowlus CL, Kumar N, Mishra J, Timilsina S, Ridgway WM, Gershwin ME, Ansari AA, Shuai Z, Leung PSC. The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103114. [PMID: 37748979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is home to the largest microbial population in the human body. The gut microbiota plays significant roles in the development of the gut immune system and has a substantial impact on the maintenance of immune tolerance beginning in early life. These microbes interact with the immune system in a dynamic and interdependent manner. They generate immune signals by presenting a vast repertoire of antigenic determinants and microbial metabolites that influence the development, maturation and maintenance of immunological function and homeostasis. At the same time, both the innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in modulating a stable microbial ecosystem between the commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Hence, the gut microbial population and the host immune system work together to maintain immune homeostasis synergistically. In susceptible hosts, disruption of such a harmonious state can greatly affect human health and lead to various auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota and immunity with an emphasis on: a) important players of gut innate and adaptive immunity; b) the contribution of gut microbial metabolites; and c) the effect of disruption of innate and adaptive immunity as well as alteration of gut microbiome on the molecular mechanisms driving autoimmunity in various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihong Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China; Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ronald Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Desiree L Rafizadeh
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher L Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, ILR-College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, 1010 W. Ave B. MSC 131, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, ILR-College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, 1010 W. Ave B. MSC 131, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Suraj Timilsina
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology/Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Hong L, Huang Y, Han J, Li S, Zhang L, Jiang S, Zhou Q, Cao X, Yu W, Yang Y, Hong S, Zhou Y, Yan W, Cao Y. Dynamics and Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota, Metabolome, and Fecal Calprotectin in Very Preterm Infants: Insights into Feeding Intolerance. Nutrients 2023; 15:4849. [PMID: 38004243 PMCID: PMC10674500 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding intolerance (FI) is a significant concern in the care of preterm infants, impacting their growth and development. We previously reported that FI is linked to lower fecal calprotectin (FC) levels. This study aims to explore the postnatal dynamics and interplay between microbiota, metabolic profiles, and host immunity in preterm infants with and without FI. METHODS Infants with gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g were enrolled at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2018 and October 2020. Weekly fecal samples were analyzed for bacterial profiling, metabolome, and calprotectin levels, exploring their longitudinal development and interrelationships. RESULTS Of the 118 very preterm infants studied, 48 showed FI. These infants experienced an interrupted microbial-immune trajectory, particularly at 3-4 weeks of age, marked by a reduced bacterial abundance, alpha diversity, and FC levels. Metabolic changes in FI were pronounced between 3 and 6 weeks. Pantothenic acid and two polyamine metabolites were closely associated with bacterial abundance and FC levels and negatively correlated with the duration to attain full enteral feeding. CONCLUSIONS FI infants demonstrated compromised microbiome-immune interactions, potentially influenced by specific metabolites. This research underscored the importance of early microbial and metabolic development in the pathogenesis of FI in very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Hong
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yihuang Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Siyuan Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xincheng Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Weiyin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yi Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (Y.Y.)
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (Y.Y.)
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; (Y.Y.)
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Aboushaala K, Wong AYL, Barajas JN, Lim P, Al-Harthi L, Chee A, Forsyth CB, Oh CD, Toro SJ, Williams FMK, An HS, Samartzis D. The Human Microbiome and Its Role in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1937. [PMID: 37895286 PMCID: PMC10606932 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are characterized as injuries and illnesses that affect the musculoskeletal system. MSDs affect every population worldwide and are associated with substantial global burden. Variations in the makeup of the gut microbiota may be related to chronic MSDs. There is growing interest in exploring potential connections between chronic MSDs and variations in the composition of gut microbiota. The human microbiota is a complex community consisting of viruses, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, both inside and outside of the human body. These microorganisms play crucial roles in influencing human physiology, impacting metabolic and immunological systems in health and disease. Different body areas host specific types of microorganisms, with facultative anaerobes dominating the gastrointestinal tract (able to thrive with or without oxygen), while strict aerobes prevail in the nasal cavity, respiratory tract, and skin surfaces (requiring oxygen for development). Together with the immune system, these bacteria have coevolved throughout time, forming complex biological relationships. Changes in the microbial ecology of the gut may have a big impact on health and can help illnesses develop. These changes are frequently impacted by lifestyle choices and underlying medical disorders. The potential for safety, expenses, and efficacy of microbiota-based medicines, even with occasional delivery, has attracted interest. They are, therefore, a desirable candidate for treating MSDs that are chronic and that may have variable progression patterns. As such, the following is a narrative review to address the role of the human microbiome as it relates to MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aboushaala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arnold Y. L. Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Juan Nicolas Barajas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Perry Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Chun-do Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sheila J. Toro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Howard S. An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Xue X, Li R, Chen Z, Li G, Liu B, Guo S, Yue Q, Yang S, Xie L, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Tan R. The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235827. [PMID: 37691931 PMCID: PMC10484231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is not just a simple nutritional symbiosis that parasitizes the host; it is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that coevolves actively with the host and is involved in a variety of biological activities such as circadian rhythm regulation, energy metabolism, and immune response. The development of the immune system and immunological functions are significantly influenced by the interaction between the host and the microbiota. The interactions between gut microbiota and cancer are of a complex nature. The critical role that the gut microbiota plays in tumor occurrence, progression, and treatment is not clear despite the already done research. The development of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapy further emphasizes the importance and significance of the question of how the microbiota takes part in cancer development, progression, and treatment. This review summarizes recent literature on the relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer immunology. The findings suggest the existence of a "symbiotic microecosystem" formed by gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome that is fundamental for the pathogenesis analysis and the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Bisheng Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhua Yue
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Siye Yang
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Xie
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Classical Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Genuine Regional Drug, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Formation Principle and Quality Evaluation of Genuine Medicinal Materials, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Habibi A, Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Hashemi-Shahraki F. Structural change study of pepsin in the presence of spermidine trihydrochloride: Insights from spectroscopic to molecular dynamics methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122264. [PMID: 36652806 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is an aliphatic polyamine that directs a set of biological processes. This work aimed to use UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal stability, kinetic methods, docking, and molecular dynamic simulations to examine the influence of spermidine trihydrochloride (SP) on the structure and function of pepsin. The results of the fluorescence emission spectra indicated that spermidine could quench pepsin's intrinsic emission in a static quenching process, resulting in the formation of the pepsin-spermidine complex. The results discovered that spermidine had a strong affinity to the pepsin structure because of its high binding constant. The obtained results from spectroscopy and molecular dynamic approaches showed the binding interaction between spermidine and pepsin, induced micro-environmental modifications around tryptophan residues that caused a change in the tertiary and secondary structure of the enzyme. FTIR analysis showed hypochromic effects in the spectra of amide I and II and redistribution of the helical structure. Moreover, the molecular dynamic (MD) and docking studies confirmed the experimental data. Both experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results clarified that electrostatic bond interactions were dominant forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Habibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi-Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Iran; Central Laboratory, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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7
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Zhang D, Qi S, Liu Y. Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114295. [PMID: 36709600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and hosts in the digestive tract. Metabolites in the gut have important roles in energy metabolism, cellular communication, and host immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous host metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins, are found in the intestine, metabolites generated by gut microbiota are equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiota in the gut is the sole source of some metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metabolites produced by microbiota, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, may modulate and significantly affect host metabolism. The gut microbiota is becoming recognized as a second endocrine system. A variety of chronic inflammatory disorders have been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but the precise mechanisms underpinning these disturbances and how they might lead to diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated metabolites are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their endocrine function in various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy for the prevention or treatment of various disorders will be possible if we better understand the metabolic preferences of bacteria and the host in specific tissues and organs. Better disease treatments may be possible with the help of novel complementary therapies that target host or bacterial metabolism. The metabolites, their physiological consequences, and functional mechanisms of the host-microbiota interplays will be highlighted, summarized, and discussed in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Mei S, Deng Z, Chen Y, Ning D, Guo Y, Fan X, Wang R, Meng Y, Zhou Q, Tian X. Dysbiosis: The first hit for digestive system cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040991. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer may be associated with dysbiosis, which is characterized by an alteration of the gut microbiota. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastrointestinal cancer is useful for cancer prevention and gut microbiota-based therapy. However, the potential role of dysbiosis in the onset of tumorigenesis is not fully understood. While accumulating evidence has demonstrated the presence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of both healthy individuals and patients with various digestive system diseases, severe dysbiosis is often present in patients with digestive system cancer. Importantly, specific bacteria have been isolated from the fecal samples of these patients. Thus, the association between dysbiosis and the development of digestive system cancer cannot be ignored. A new model describing this relationship must be established. In this review, we postulate that dysbiosis serves as the first hit for the development of digestive system cancer. Dysbiosis-induced alterations, including inflammation, aberrant immune response, bacteria-produced genotoxins, and cellular stress response associated with genetic, epigenetic, and/or neoplastic changes, are second hits that speed carcinogenesis. This review explains the mechanisms for these four pathways and discusses gut microbiota-based therapies. The content included in this review will shed light on gut microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
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9
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Lian J, Liang Y, Zhang H, Lan M, Ye Z, Lin B, Qiu X, Zeng J. The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912279. [PMID: 36119047 PMCID: PMC9479087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamine metabolism plays essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), particularly treatment of DFMO, an inhibitor of ODC, alters the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunosuppression is a major problem in cancer treatment. More and more studies have shown that the immunosuppressive effect of polyamines can help cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor development and progression. Therefore, targeting polyamine metabolic pathways is expected to become a new avenue for immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Minsheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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10
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Miltiadous O, Waters NR, Andrlová H, Dai A, Nguyen CL, Burgos da Silva M, Lindner S, Slingerland J, Giardina P, Clurman A, Armijo GK, Gomes ALC, Lakkaraja M, Maslak P, Scordo M, Shouval R, Staffas A, O'Reilly R, Taur Y, Prockop S, Boelens JJ, Giralt S, Perales MA, Devlin SM, Peled JU, Markey KA, van den Brink MRM. Early intestinal microbial features are associated with CD4 T-cell recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic transplant. Blood 2022; 139:2758-2769. [PMID: 35061893 PMCID: PMC9074404 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intestinal microbial diversity is associated with poor outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Using 16S rRNA sequencing of 2067 stool samples and flow cytometry data from 2370 peripheral blood samples drawn from 894 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT, we have linked features of the early post-HCT microbiome with subsequent immune cell recovery. We examined lymphocyte recovery and microbiota features in recipients of both unmodified and CD34-selected allografts. We observed that fecal microbial diversity was an independent predictor of CD4 T-cell count 3 months after HCT in recipients of a CD34-selected allograft, who are dependent on de novo lymphopoiesis for their immune recovery. In multivariate models using clinical factors and microbiota features, we consistently observed that increased fecal relative abundance of genus Staphylococcus during the early posttransplant period was associated with worse CD4 T-cell recovery. Our observations suggest that the intestinal bacteria, or the factors they produce, can affect early lymphopoiesis and the homeostasis of allograft-derived T cells after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Miltiadous
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas R Waters
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Hana Andrlová
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Anqi Dai
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Chi L Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Marina Burgos da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Sarah Lindner
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - John Slingerland
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Paul Giardina
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Annelie Clurman
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Gabriel K Armijo
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Antonio L C Gomes
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
| | - Madhavi Lakkaraja
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Peter Maslak
- Immunology Laboratory Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Michael Scordo
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Roni Shouval
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anna Staffas
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard O'Reilly
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Taur
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Susan Prockop
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kate A Markey
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA; and
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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11
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Muñoz-Esparza NC, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Guzmán-Mercado E, Larrosa-Haro A, Comas-Basté O, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Veciana-Nogués MT, Vidal-Carou MC. Influence of the Type of Breastfeeding and Human Milk Polyamines on Infant Anthropometric Parameters. Front Nutr 2022; 8:815477. [PMID: 35071304 PMCID: PMC8770740 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.815477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding choices in the early months of life are key determinants of growth during infancy. Polyamines participate in cell proliferation and differentiation, and it has also been suggested that polyamine metabolism plays a role in adipogenesis. As the main exogenous source of polyamines in the infant is human milk, the aim of this work was to study if the type of breastfeeding received and the polyamine intake from human milk has an influence on infant anthropometric parameters. A cohort of 78 full-term healthy newborns was followed up until 4 months of age; 55 were fully and 23 partially breastfed. Anthropometric measurements were taken at 2 and 4 months, when human milk samples were also collected for analysis of polyamine content by UHPLC-FL. Fully breastfed infants had a better anthropometric profile than those partially breastfed (p < 0.05). Furthermore, polyamine intake in partially breastfed infants was significantly lower compared to those fully breastfed. However, only two of the 15 anthropometric indicators evaluated (triceps skinfold and mean upper arm circumference) showed a significant inverse association with polyamine content in human milk and intake (p < 0.05). Infant growth and body composition differ according to the type of breastfeeding received. Based on the weak associations between polyamines and anthropometric indicators, it is not possible to conclude the influence of polyamines in infant growth and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly C Muñoz-Esparza
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Oriol Comas-Basté
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Luz Latorre-Moratalla
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Veciana-Nogués
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.,Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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D'Amico F, Barone M, Tavella T, Rampelli S, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Host microbiomes in tumor precision medicine: how far are we? Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3202-3230. [PMID: 34986765 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220105121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has received a crescendo of attention in recent years, due to the countless influences on human pathophysiology, including cancer. Research on cancer and anticancer therapy is constantly looking for new hints to improve the response to therapy while reducing the risk of relapse. In this scenario, the gut microbiome and the plethora of microbial-derived metabolites are considered a new opening in the development of innovative anticancer treatments for a better prognosis. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in the onset and progression of cancer, as well as in response to chemo-immunotherapy. Recent findings regarding the tumor microbiome and its implications for clinical practice are also commented on. Current microbiome-based intervention strategies (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, live biotherapeutics and fecal microbiota transplantation) are then discussed, along with key shortcomings, including a lack of long-term safety information in patients who are already severely compromised by standard treatments. The implementation of bioinformatic tools applied to microbiomics and other omics data, such as machine learning, has an enormous potential to push research in the field, enabling the prediction of health risk and therapeutic outcomes, for a truly personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiome Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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13
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Differences in Polyamine Content between Human Milk and Infant Formulas. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112866. [PMID: 34829148 PMCID: PMC8620792 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for nutrition during the first months of life, but when breastfeeding is not possible, it may be replaced by infant formulas, either partially or totally. Polyamines, which play an important role in intestinal maturation and the development of the immune system, are found both in human milk and infant formulas, the first exogenous source of these compounds for the newborn. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and evolution of polyamines in human milk during the first semester of lactation and to compare the polyamine content with that of infant formulas. In total, 30 samples of human milk provided by six mothers during the first five months of lactation as well as 15 different types of infant formulas were analyzed using UHPLC-FL. Polyamines were detected in all human milk samples but with great variation among mothers. Spermidine and spermine levels tended to decrease during the lactation period, while putrescine remained practically unchanged. Considerable differences were observed in the polyamine contents and profiles between human milk and infant formulas, with concentrations being up to 30 times lower in the latter. The predominant polyamines in human milk were spermidine and spermine, and putrescine in infant formulas.
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14
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Fujiwara H. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota Derived Metabolites and Tissues in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703298. [PMID: 34512627 PMCID: PMC8429959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an evidence based- cellular immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Immune reactions not only promote graft-versus-tumor effects that kill hematological malignant cells but also graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that is the primary complication characterized by systemic organ damages consisting of T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) activation. GVHD has long been recognized as an immunological reaction that requires an immunosuppressive treatment targeting immune cells. However immune suppression cannot always prevent GVHD or effectively treat it once it has developed. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing technology investigated the impact of microbial flora on GVHD and provided profound insights of the mechanism of GVHD other than immune cells. Allo-HSCT affects the intestinal microbiota and microbiome-metabolome axis that can alter intestinal homeostasis and the severity of experimental GVHD. This axis can potentially be manipulated via dietary intervention or metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria affected post-allo-HSCT. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of experimental GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community-metabolites-host tissue axis. Furthermore, we summarize the major findings of microbiome-based immunotherapeutic approaches that protect tissues from experimental GVHD. Understanding the complex relationships between gut microbiota-metabolites-host tissues axis provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of GVHD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Muñoz-Esparza NC, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Guzmán-Mercado E, Larrosa-Haro A, Comas-Basté O, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Veciana-Nogués MT, Vidal-Carou MC. Influence of Breastfeeding Factors on Polyamine Content in Human Milk. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093016. [PMID: 34578894 PMCID: PMC8467147 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamine content of human breast milk, which is the first exogenous source of polyamines for the newborn, can be affected by several factors associated with the mother, the infant, or breastfeeding itself. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different breastfeeding factors on the polyamines found in human milk. For this study, a cohort of 83 mothers was considered for up to 4 months, and a subgroup of 33 mothers were followed during the first six months of breastfeeding. Two breast milk samples were collected at each sampling point (foremilk and hindmilk) and the polyamine content was determined by UHPLC-FL. Polyamine levels varied considerably between the mothers and tended to decrease over time. Putrescine was the minor polyamine, whereas spermidine and spermine contents were very similar. The concentrations of the three polyamines were significantly higher in hindmilk than foremilk (p < 0.001). Spermidine and spermine levels decreased significantly through the lactation progress (p < 0.05). Finally, slightly higher levels of polyamines were observed in the milk of mothers providing partial, rather than full, breastfeeding, although the differences were not significant. The polyamine content in human milk was found to change during a single feed (foremilk versus hindmilk) and as lactation progressed, mainly in response to the specific circumstances of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly C. Muñoz-Esparza
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (N.C.M.-E.); (O.C.-B.); (M.L.L.-M.); (M.T.V.-N.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.M.V.-G.); (E.G.-M.); (A.L.-H.)
| | - Edgar M. Vásquez-Garibay
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.M.V.-G.); (E.G.-M.); (A.L.-H.)
| | - Elizabeth Guzmán-Mercado
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.M.V.-G.); (E.G.-M.); (A.L.-H.)
| | - Alfredo Larrosa-Haro
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Guadalajara 44360, Mexico; (E.M.V.-G.); (E.G.-M.); (A.L.-H.)
| | - Oriol Comas-Basté
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (N.C.M.-E.); (O.C.-B.); (M.L.L.-M.); (M.T.V.-N.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Luz Latorre-Moratalla
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (N.C.M.-E.); (O.C.-B.); (M.L.L.-M.); (M.T.V.-N.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Veciana-Nogués
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (N.C.M.-E.); (O.C.-B.); (M.L.L.-M.); (M.T.V.-N.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (N.C.M.-E.); (O.C.-B.); (M.L.L.-M.); (M.T.V.-N.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA·UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4031984
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16
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Wu Q, Yu X, Li J, Sun S, Tu Y. Metabolic regulation in the immune response to cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:661-694. [PMID: 34145990 PMCID: PMC8360644 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumor‐immune interactions is emerging as a key factor affecting pro‐inflammatory carcinogenic effects and anticancer immune responses. Therefore, dysregulated metabolites and their regulators affect both cancer progression and therapeutic response. Here, we describe the molecular mechanisms through which microenvironmental, systemic, and microbial metabolites potentially influence the host immune response to mediate malignant progression and therapeutic intervention. We summarized the primary interplaying factors that constitute metabolism, immunological reactions, and cancer with a focus on mechanistic aspects. Finally, we discussed the possibility of metabolic interventions at multiple levels to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional approaches for future anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
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17
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Olvera-Rosales LB, Cruz-Guerrero AE, Ramírez-Moreno E, Quintero-Lira A, Contreras-López E, Jaimez-Ordaz J, Castañeda-Ovando A, Añorve-Morga J, Calderón-Ramos ZG, Arias-Rico J, González-Olivares LG. Impact of the Gut Microbiota Balance on the Health-Disease Relationship: The Importance of Consuming Probiotics and Prebiotics. Foods 2021; 10:1261. [PMID: 34199351 PMCID: PMC8230287 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a group of microorganisms that are deposited throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Currently, thanks to genomic tools, studies of gut microbiota have pointed towards the understanding of the metabolism of important bacteria that are not cultivable and their relationship with human homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota could explain, at least in part, some epidemics, such as diabetes and obesity. Likewise, dysbiosis has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. That is why several studies have recently been focused on the direct relationship that these types of conditions have with the specific composition of gut microbiota, as in the case of the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. In the same way, the control of microbiota is related to the diet. Therefore, this review highlights the importance of gut microbiota, from its composition to its relationship with the human health-disease condition, as well as emphasizes the effect of probiotic and prebiotic consumption on the balance of its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Berenice Olvera-Rosales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Alma-Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - Aurora Quintero-Lira
- Área Académica de Ingeniería Agroindustrial e Ingeniería en alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Ex-Hacienda de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Contreras-López
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Judith Jaimez-Ordaz
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Javier Añorve-Morga
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
| | - Zuli-Guadalupe Calderón-Ramos
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico; (E.R.-M.); (Z.-G.C.-R.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda, La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42060, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Luis-Guillermo González-Olivares
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico; (L.-B.O.-R.); (E.C.-L.); (J.J.-O.); (A.C.-O.); (J.A.-M.)
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18
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Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:8850080. [PMID: 34095293 PMCID: PMC8140835 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of human milk's bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of infant nutrition, as well as researchers of technology and food sciences that seek to improve the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate the optimization of infant formula composition. The bioactive compound inclusion has been used to upgrade the quality and nutrition of infant formulas. In this context, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the scientific evidence of bioactive compounds present in infant formulas (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, milk fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) and their effects on infant nutrition and health. Through previously determined criteria, studies published in the last fifteen years from five different databases were included to identify the advances in the optimization of infant formula composition. Over the last few years, there has been optimization of the infant formula composition, not only to increase the similarities in their content of macro and micronutrients but also to include novel bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although the infant food industry has advanced in the last years, there is no consensus on whether novel bioactive ingredients added to infant formulas have the same functional effects as the compounds found in human milk. Thus, further studies about the impact of bioactive compounds in infant nutrition are fundamental to infant health.
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Qi C, Wang P, Fu T, Lu M, Cai Y, Chen X, Cheng L. A comprehensive review for gut microbes: technologies, interventions, metabolites and diseases. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 20:42-60. [PMID: 33554248 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes have attracted much more attentions in the recent decade since their essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolism of gut microbes exert influences on intestinal homeostasis and human diseases. Here, we first reviewed two mainstream sequencing technologies involving 16s rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing for gut microbes, and data analysis methods assessing alpha and beta diversity. Next, we introduced some observational studies reflecting that many factors, such as lifestyle and intake of diets, drugs, contribute to gut microbes' quantity and diversity. Then, metabolites produced by gut microbes were presented to understand that gut microbes exert on host homeostasis in the intestinal epithelium and immune system. Finally, we focused on the molecular mechanism of gut microbes on the occurrence and development of several common diseases. In-depth knowledge of the relationship among interventions, gut microbes and diseases might provide new insights in to disease prevention and treatment.
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20
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Wei Y, Li Y, Yan L, Sun C, Miao Q, Wang Q, Xiao X, Lian M, Li B, Chen Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Huang B, Li Y, Cao Q, Fan Z, Chen X, Fang JY, Gershwin ME, Tang R, Ma X. Alterations of gut microbiome in autoimmune hepatitis. Gut 2020; 69:569-577. [PMID: 31201284 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a large well-defined corticosteroids treatment-naïve group of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) to rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis compared with healthy controls. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study of individuals with AIH (n=91) and matched healthy controls (n=98) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 28 patients and 34 controls was analysed to validate the results. All the patients were collected before corticosteroids therapy. RESULTS The gut microbiome of steroid treatment-naïve AIH was characterised with lower alpha-diversity (Shannon and observed operational taxonomic units, both p<0.01) and distinct overall microbial composition compared with healthy controls (p=0.002). Depletion of obligate anaerobes and expansion of potential pathobionts including Veillonella were associated with disease status. Of note, Veillonella dispar, the most strongly disease-associated taxa (p=8.85E-8), positively correlated with serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and liver inflammation. Furthermore, the combination of four patients with AIH-associated genera distinguished AIH from controls with an area under curves of approximately 0.8 in both exploration and validation cohorts. In addition, multiple predicted functional modules were altered in the AIH gut microbiome, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis as well as metabolism of amino acids that can be processed by bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. CONCLUSION Our study establishes compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiome in AIH and suggests the potential for using gut microbiota as non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuping Fan
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Merrill Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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21
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Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, there has been a renaissance in the microbiome field. Microbial taxonomy and function can now be characterized relatively easily and rapidly-no longer mandating complex culturing approaches. With this renaissance, there is now a strong and growing appreciation for the role of the microbiome (referring to microbes and their genomes) in modulating many facets of physiology-including overall immunity. This is particularly true of the gut microbiome, and there is now an evolving body of the literature demonstrating a role for gut microbes in modulating responses to cancer treatment-particularly immunotherapy. Gut microbes can modulate immunity and anti-tumor responses via a number of different interactions, and these will be discussed herein. Additionally, data regarding the impact of gut microbes on cancer immunotherapy response will be discussed, as will strategies to manipulate the microbiome to enhance therapeutic responses. These efforts to date are not completely optimized; however, there is evidence of efficacy though much additional work is needed in this space. Nonetheless, it is clear that the microbiome plays a central role in health and disease, and strategies to manipulate it in cancer and overall precision health are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Wadud Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Ologun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer L McQuade
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Saito M, Takagi N, Tanaka M, Yamanashi Y. Nighttime Suckling Behavior in Captive Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata). Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:1-6. [DOI: 10.2108/zs190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Saito
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan
| | - Naoko Takagi
- Center for Research and Education of Wildlife, Kyoto City Zoo, Okazaki Koen, Okazakihoshojicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8333, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamanashi
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan
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23
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Sittipo P, Shim JW, Lee YK. Microbial Metabolites Determine Host Health and the Status of Some Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215296. [PMID: 31653062 PMCID: PMC6862038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex organ composed of the intestinal epithelium layer, intestinal microbiota, and local immune system. Intestinal microbiota residing in the GI tract engages in a mutualistic relationship with the host. Different sections of the GI tract contain distinct proportions of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in the presence of unique bacterial products in each GI section. The intestinal microbiota converts ingested nutrients into metabolites that target either the intestinal microbiota population or host cells. Metabolites act as messengers of information between the intestinal microbiota and host cells. The intestinal microbiota composition and resulting metabolites thus impact host development, health, and pathogenesis. Many recent studies have focused on modulation of the gut microbiota and their metabolites to improve host health and prevent or treat diseases. In this review, we focus on the production of microbial metabolites, their biological impact on the intestinal microbiota composition and host cells, and the effect of microbial metabolites that contribute to improvements in inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic diseases. Understanding the role of microbial metabolites in protection against disease might offer an intriguing approach to regulate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Sittipo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea.
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24
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Inda ME, Broset E, Lu TK, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Emerging Frontiers in Microbiome Engineering. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:952-973. [PMID: 31601521 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a significant impact on health and disease and can actively contribute to obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. We do not yet have the necessary tools to fine-tune the microbial communities that constitute the microbiome, though such tools could unlock extensive benefits to human health. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of technological tools that may be used for microbiome engineering. These tools can enable investigators to define the parameters of a healthy microbiome and to determine how gut bacteria may contribute to the etiology of a variety of diseases. These tools may also allow us to explore the exciting prospect of developing targeted therapies and personalized treatments for microbiome-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Inda
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esther Broset
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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25
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Muñoz-Esparza NC, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Comas-Basté O, Toro-Funes N, Veciana-Nogués MT, Vidal-Carou MC. Polyamines in Food. Front Nutr 2019; 6:108. [PMID: 31355206 PMCID: PMC6637774 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine are involved in various biological processes, notably in cell proliferation and differentiation, and also have antioxidant properties. Dietary polyamines have important implications in human health, mainly in the intestinal maturation and in the differentiation and development of immune system. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of polyamine can also play an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. In addition to endogenous synthesis, food is an important source of polyamines. Although there are no recommendations for polyamine daily intake, it is known that in stages of rapid cell growth (i.e., in the neonatal period), polyamine requirements are high. Additionally, de novo synthesis of polyamines tends to decrease with age, which is why their dietary sources acquire a greater importance in an aging population. Polyamine daily intake differs among to the available estimations, probably due to different dietary patterns and methodologies of data collection. Polyamines can be found in all types of foods in a wide range of concentrations. Spermidine and spermine are naturally present in food whereas putrescine could also have a microbial origin. The main polyamine in plant-based products is spermidine, whereas spermine content is generally higher in animal-derived foods. This article reviews the main implications of polyamines for human health, as well as their content in food and breast milk and infant formula. In addition, the estimated levels of polyamines intake in different populations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly C Muñoz-Esparza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Luz Latorre-Moratalla
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Comas-Basté
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Toro-Funes
- Eurecat, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - M Teresa Veciana-Nogués
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Vidal-Carou
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA·UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Tang C, Lu Z. Health promoting activities of probiotics. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12944. [PMID: 31368544 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, probiotics have received increasing attention and become one type of popular functional food because of their many biological functions. Among these desirable biological functions, the immune regulation, antioxidative activities, and antimicrobial effects are essential properties to maintain host health. Probiotics can regulate the immune system and improve the antioxidative system by producing microbial components and metabolites. Meanwhile, probiotics also possess antimicrobial abilities owing to their competition for nutrient requirements and mucus adherence, reducing pathogenic toxins, producing antimicrobial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, reuterin, linoleic acid, and secondary bile acids) and enhancing intestinal, or systemic immunity. Therefore, probiotics could be used to alleviate heavy metal toxicity and metabolic disorders by improving immunity, the antioxidative system, and intestinal micro-environment. This comprehensive review mainly highlights the potential health promoting activities of probiotics based on their antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immune regulatory effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The antioxidative defense and the immune system are essential to maintain human health. However, many factors may result in microbial dysbiosis in the gut, which subsequently leads to pathogenic expansion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is important to explore beneficial foods to prevent or suppress these abnormal responses. Successful application of probiotics in the functional foods has attracted increasing attention due to their immune regulatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this review is to introduce immune regulatory antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of probiotics, which provides some basic theories for scientific research and development of potential functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Nutritional Modulation of Immune and Central Nervous System Homeostasis: The Role of Diet in Development of Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051076. [PMID: 31096592 PMCID: PMC6566411 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-microbiome-brain axis is now recognized as an essential part in the regulation of systemic metabolism and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dietary patterns can influence the development of metabolic alterations and inflammation through the effects of nutrients on a multitude of variables, including microbiome composition, release of microbial products, gastrointestinal signaling molecules, and neurotransmitters. These signaling molecules are, in turn, implicated in the regulation of the immune system, either promoting or inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expansion of specific leukocyte subpopulations, such as Th17 and Treg cells, which are relevant in the development of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions. Metabolic diseases, like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are related to inadequate dietary patterns and promote variations in the aforementioned signaling pathways in patients with these conditions, which have been linked to alterations in neurological functions and mental health. Thus, maintenance of adequate dietary patterns should be an essential component of any strategy aiming to prevent neurological pathologies derived from systemic metabolic alterations. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the role of nutrition in the modulation of the immune system and its impact in the development of neuroinflammation and neurological disease.
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28
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Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:473-493. [PMID: 30317530 PMCID: PMC11105460 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has evolved along with their hosts and is an integral part of the human body. Microbiota acquired at birth develops in parallel as the host develops and maintains its temporal stability and diversity through adulthood until death. Recent developments in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have enabled researchers to explore the microbiota and in particular their functions at more detailed level than before. The accumulated evidences suggest that though a part of the microbiota is conserved, the dynamic members vary along the gastrointestinal tract, from infants to elderly, primitive tribes to modern societies and in different health conditions. Though the gut microbiota is dynamic, it performs some basic functions in the immunological, metabolic, structural and neurological landscapes of the human body. Gut microbiota also exerts significant influence on both physical and mental health of an individual. An in-depth understanding of the functioning of gut microbiota has led to some very exciting developments in therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and faecal transplantation leading to improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Adak
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India.
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Kho ZY, Lal SK. The Human Gut Microbiome - A Potential Controller of Wellness and Disease. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1835. [PMID: 30154767 PMCID: PMC6102370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest toward the human microbiome, particularly gut microbiome has flourished in recent decades owing to the rapidly advancing sequence-based screening and humanized gnotobiotic model in interrogating the dynamic operations of commensal microbiota. Although this field is still at a very preliminary stage, whereby the functional properties of the complex gut microbiome remain less understood, several promising findings have been documented and exhibit great potential toward revolutionizing disease etiology and medical treatments. In this review, the interactions between gut microbiota and the host have been focused on, to provide an overview of the role of gut microbiota and their unique metabolites in conferring host protection against invading pathogen, regulation of diverse host physiological functions including metabolism, development and homeostasis of immunity and the nervous system. We elaborate on how gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) may lead to dysfunction of host machineries, thereby contributing to pathogenesis and/or progression toward a broad spectrum of diseases. Some of the most notable diseases namely Clostridium difficile infection (infectious disease), inflammatory bowel disease (intestinal immune-mediated disease), celiac disease (multisystemic autoimmune disorder), obesity (metabolic disease), colorectal cancer, and autism spectrum disorder (neuropsychiatric disorder) have been discussed and delineated along with recent findings. Novel therapies derived from microbiome studies such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic and prebiotics to target associated diseases have been reviewed to introduce the idea of how certain disease symptoms can be ameliorated through dysbiosis correction, thus revealing a new scientific approach toward disease treatment. Toward the end of this review, several research gaps and limitations have been described along with suggested future studies to overcome the current research lacunae. Despite the ongoing debate on whether gut microbiome plays a role in the above-mentioned diseases, we have in this review, gathered evidence showing a potentially far more complex link beyond the unidirectional cause-and-effect relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Y Kho
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sunil K Lal
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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30
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Zhang L, Gong H, Sun Q, Zhao R, Jia Y. Spermidine-Activated Satellite Cells Are Associated with Hypoacetylation in ACVR2B and Smad3 Binding to Myogenic Genes in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:540-550. [PMID: 29224337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is an acetyltransferase inhibitor and a specific inducer of autophagy. Recently, spermidine is identified as a potential therapeutic agent for age-related muscle atrophy and inherited myopathies. However, the effect of spermidine on nonpathological skeletal muscle remains unclear. In this study, long-term spermidine administration in mice lowered the mean cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle and reduced the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in the muscle, which was associated with ubiquitination. Moreover, spermidine supplementation induced autophagy in satellite cells and enhanced satellite cell proliferation. ChIP assay revealed that spermidine repressed H3K56ac in the promoter of ACVR2B and lowered the binding affinity of Smad3 to the promoters of Myf5 and MyoD. Altogether, our results indicate that long-term administration of spermidine can activate satellite cells, as well as enhance autophagy, eventually resulting in muscle atrophy. In addition, H3K56ac and Smad3 emerged as key determinants of satellite cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Quality and Safety Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Quality and Safety Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing , Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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31
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Riwes M, Reddy P. Microbial metabolites and graft versus host disease. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:23-29. [PMID: 28742948 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The health of mammals is a reflection of the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Alterations in the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in multiple disease processes. The impact of the microbiota in health and disease is in part a function of the nutrient processing and release of metabolites. Recent studies have uncovered a major role for microbial metabolites in the function of the host immune system by which they influence disease processes such as acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), which is the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The mechanisms of acute GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community and the metabolites released by them are unclear. In this review we summarize major findings of how microbial metabolites interact with the immune system and discuss how these interactions could impact acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riwes
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Reddy
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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32
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Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Tang J, Wang J, Cai J, Liu G. New insights into the role of dietary spermine on inflammation, immune function and related-signalling molecules in the thymus and spleen of piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:175-191. [PMID: 28429995 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1314610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary spermine supplementation on the inflammatory response and immune function of the thymus and spleen in piglets. Eighty suckling piglets were randomly assigned to receive adequate nutrients supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol/kg body weight) or restricted nutrient intake supplemented with normal saline for 7 h or 3, 6 and 9 days in pairs. Regardless of treatment time, spermine supplementation decreased (p < 0.05, compared with the controls) the following: (1) tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, 2 and 6, and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in serum; (2) gene expression of cluster of differentiation 8 and integrin beta-2 in the thymus and spleen and the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in the thymus; (3) mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL 1β, 2, 6, and 12, IFN-γ and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the thymus and spleen, as well as IL-8 in the spleen; and (4) eukaryotic IF4E-binding protein 1, Janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor-kappa B P65 gene transcriptions in the thymus and spleen. By contrast, spermine supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the following: (1) immunoglobulin M, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β1 gene expression, as well as (2) relative mRNA levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 in the thymus and spleen. These effects were also observed upon prolonged spermine administration (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation can alleviate inflammatory response, enhance the immune function and regulate the gene expression of signalling molecules related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Gang Jia
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hua Zhao
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Caimei Wu
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Maize Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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33
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Turroni S, Brigidi P, Cavalli A, Candela M. Microbiota–Host Transgenomic Metabolism, Bioactive Molecules from the Inside. J Med Chem 2017; 61:47-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Turroni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated by a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora, which is known as the microbiome. Disruptions to the microbiome have been shown to be associated with severe pathologies of the host, including metabolic disease, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Mood and behavior are also susceptible to alterations in the gut microbiota. A particularly striking example of the symbiotic effects of the microbiome is the immune system, whose cells depend critically on a diverse array of microbial metabolites for normal development and behavior. This includes metabolites that are produced by bacteria from dietary components, metabolites that are produced by the host and biochemically modified by gut bacteria, and metabolites that are synthesized de novo by gut microbes. In this review, we highlight the role of the intestinal microbiome in human metabolic and inflammatory diseases and focus in particular on the molecular mechanisms that govern the gut-immune axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Siegmund Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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35
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Abstract
The microbiota - the collection of microorganisms that live within and on all mammals - provides crucial signals for the development and function of the immune system. Increased availability of technologies that profile microbial communities is facilitating the entry of many immunologists into the evolving field of host-microbiota studies. The microbial communities, their metabolites and components are not only necessary for immune homeostasis, they also influence the susceptibility of the host to many immune-mediated diseases and disorders. In this Review, we discuss technological and computational approaches for investigating the microbiome, as well as recent advances in our understanding of host immunity and microbial mutualism with a focus on specific microbial metabolites, bacterial components and the immune system.
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Cao W, Xu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Tang J, Wang J, Cai J, Liu G. Roles of spermine in modulating the antioxidant status and Nrf2 signalling molecules expression in the thymus and spleen of suckling piglets-new insight. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e183-e192. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Cao
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - X. Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - G. Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - H. Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - X. Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - C. Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - J. Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - J. Wang
- Maize Research Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - J. Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - G. Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
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37
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Pierre JF. Gastrointestinal immune and microbiome changes during parenteral nutrition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G246-G256. [PMID: 28154012 PMCID: PMC5401992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00321.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapy that provides intravenous nutrition support to patients who cannot, or should not, feed via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unfortunately, PN also carries certain risks related to infection and metabolic complications compared with enteral nutrition. In this review, an overview of PN and GI immune and microbiome changes is provided. PN impacts the gut-associated lymphoid tissue functions, especially adaptive immune cells, changes the intestinal epithelium and chemical secretions, and significantly alters the intestinal microbiome. Collectively, these changes functionally result in increased susceptibility to infectious and injurious challenge. Since PN remains necessary in large numbers of patients, the search to improve outcomes by stimulating GI immune function during PN remains of interest. This review closes by describing recent advances in using enteric nervous system neuropeptides or microbially derived products during PN, which may improve GI parameters by maintaining immunity and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Pierre
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Gómez-Gallego C, Recio I, Gómez-Gómez V, Ortuño I, Bernal MJ, Ros G, Periago MJ. Effect of processing on polyamine content and bioactive peptides released after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of infant formulas. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:924-932. [PMID: 26686732 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of processing on polyamines and peptide release after the digestion of a commercial infant formula designed for children during the first months of life. Polyamine oxidase activity was not suppressed during the manufacturing process, which implicates that polyamine concentrations were reduced over time and during infant formula self-life. In gel electrophoresis, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of samples with reduced amount of enzymes and time of digestion shows an increase in protein digestibility, reflected in the increase in nonprotein nitrogen after digestion and the disappearance of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin bands in gel electrophoresis. Depending on the sample, between 22 and 87 peptides were identified after gastrointestinal digestion. A peptide from β-casein f(98-105) with the sequence VKEAMAPK and antioxidant activity appeared in all of the samples. Other peptides with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities were frequently found, which could have an effect on infant health. The present study confirms that the infant formula manufacturing process determines the polyamine content and peptidic profile after digestion of the infant formula. Because compositional dissimilarity between human milk and infant formula in polyamines and proteins could be responsible for some of the differences in health reported between breast-fed and formula-fed children, these changes must be taken into consideration because they may have a great effect on infant nutrition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Gallego
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain.
| | - I Recio
- Department of Food Analysis and Bioactivity, Institute of Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (CIAL-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Gómez-Gómez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - I Ortuño
- Research and Development Department, Hero Spain S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Spain
| | - M J Bernal
- Research and Development Department, Hero Spain S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Spain
| | - G Ros
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - M J Periago
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
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Ma R, Jiang D, Kang B, Bai L, He H, Chen Z, Yi Z. Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of antizyme inhibitor 1 in the ovarian follicles of the Sichuan white goose. Gene 2015; 568:55-60. [PMID: 25959024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1) plays critical roles in various cellular pathways, including ornithine decarboxylase regulation, polyamine anabolism and uptake and cell proliferation. However, the molecular characteristics of the AZIN1 gene and its expression profile in goose tissues and ovarian follicles have not been reported. In this study, the AZIN1 cDNA of the Sichuan white goose (Anser cygnoides) was cloned, and analyzed for its phylogenetic and physiochemical properties. The expression profile of AZIN1 mRNA in geese tissues and ovarian follicles were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the open reading frame of the AZIN1 cDNA is 1,353 bp in length, encoding a 450 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 50 kDa. Out of all tissues examined, AZIN1 expression was highest in the adrenal gland and lowest in breast muscle. There was also a high expression of AZIN1 in the cerebellum and isthmus of oviduct. With follicular development, AZIN1 gene expression gradually increased, and its expression in F1 was significantly higher than in F5 (P<0.05). AZIN1 expression was also significantly higher in the POF1 than in the other follicles (P<0.05), and there was a low mRNA expression of AZIN1 in atretic follicles. The results of AZIN1 expression profiling in ovarian follicles suggest that AZIN1 may play an important role in the progression of follicular development, potentially through regulating polyamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Hui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixin Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
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40
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Polyamine supplementation in infant formula: Influence on lymphocyte populations and immune system-related gene expression in a Balb/cOlaHsd mouse model. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pegg AE. The function of spermine. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:8-18. [PMID: 24395705 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines play important roles in cell physiology including effects on the structure of cellular macromolecules, gene expression, protein function, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, regulation of ion channels, and providing protection from oxidative damage. Vertebrates contain two polyamines, spermidine and spermine, as well as their precursor, the diamine putrescine. Although spermidine has an essential and unique role as the precursor of hypusine a post-translational modification of the elongation factor eIF5A, which is necessary for this protein to function in protein synthesis, no unique role for spermine has been identified unequivocally. The existence of a discrete spermine synthase enzyme that converts spermidine to spermine suggest that spermine must be needed and this is confirmed by studies with Gy mice and human patients with Snyder-Robinson syndrome in which spermine synthase is absent or greatly reduced. In both cases, this leads to a severe phenotype with multiple effects among which are intellectual disability, other neurological changes, hypotonia, and reduced growth of muscle and bone. This review describes these alterations and focuses on the roles of spermine which may contribute to these phenotypes including reducing damage due to reactive oxygen species, protection from stress, permitting correct current flow through inwardly rectifying K(+) channels, controlling activity of brain glutamate receptors involved in learning and memory, and affecting growth responses. Additional possibilities include acting as storage reservoir for maintaining appropriate levels of free spermidine and a possible non-catalytic role for spermine synthase protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Resembling breast milk: influence of polyamine-supplemented formula on neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mouse microbiota. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1050-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Infant microbiota is influenced by numerous factors, such as delivery mode, environment, prematurity and diet (breast milk or formula). In addition to its nutritional value, breast milk contains bioactive substances that drive microbial colonisation and support immune system development, which are usually not present in infant formulas. Among these substances, polyamines have been described to be essential for intestinal and immune functions in newborns. However, their effect on the establishment of microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to ascertain whether an infant formula supplemented with polyamines has an impact on microbial colonisation by modifying it to resemble that in breast-fed neonatal BALB/c mice. In a 4 d intervention, a total of sixty pups (14 d old) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) breast-fed group; (2) non-enriched infant formula-fed group; (3) three different groups fed an infant formula enriched with increasing concentrations of polyamines (mixture of putrescine, spermidine and spermine), following the proportions found in human milk. Microbial composition in the contents of the oral cavity, stomach and small and large intestines was analysed by quantitative PCR targeted at fourteen bacterial genera and species. Significantly different (P< 0·05) microbial colonisation patterns were observed in the entire gastrointestinal tract of the breast-fed and formula-fed mice. In addition, our findings demonstrate that supplementation of polyamines regulates the amounts of total bacteria,Akkermansia muciniphila,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Bacteroides–PrevotellaandClostridiumgroups to levels found in the breast-fed group. Such an effect requires further investigation in human infants, as supplementation of an infant formula with polyamines might contribute to healthy gastrointestinal tract development.
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Ramani D, De Bandt JP, Cynober L. Aliphatic polyamines in physiology and diseases. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:14-22. [PMID: 24144912 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polyamines are a family of polycationic molecules derived from decarboxylation of the amino acid ornithine that classically comprise three molecules: putrescine, spermidine and spermine. In-cell polyamine homeostasis is tightly controlled at key steps of cell metabolism. Polyamines are involved in an array of cellular functions from DNA stabilization, and regulation of gene expression to ion channel function and, particularly, cell proliferation. As such, aliphatic polyamines play an essential role in rapidly dividing cells such as in the immune system and digestive tract. Because of their role in cell proliferation, polyamines are also involved in carcinogenesis, prompting intensive research into polyamine metabolism as a target in cancer therapy. More recently, another aliphatic polyamine, agmatine, the decarboxylated derivative of arginine, has been identified as a neurotransmitter in mammals, and investigations have focused on its effects in the CNS, notably as a neuroprotector in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramani
- EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Clinical Chemistry Department, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris, France
| | - J P De Bandt
- EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Clinical Chemistry Department, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - L Cynober
- EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Clinical Chemistry Department, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, APHP, Paris, France
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Jeurink P, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Jiménez E, Knippels L, Fernández L, Garssen J, Knol J, Rodríguez J, Martín R. Human milk: a source of more life than we imagine. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:17-30. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bacteria in human milk has been acknowledged since the seventies. For a long time, microbiological analysis of human milk was only performed in case of infections and therefore the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria was yet unknown. During the last decades, the use of more sophisticated culture-dependent and -independent techniques, and the steady development of the -omic approaches are opening up the new concept of the ‘milk microbiome’, a complex ecosystem with a greater diversity than previously anticipated. In this review, possible mechanisms by which bacteria can reach the mammary gland (contamination versus active migration) are discussed. In addition, the potential roles of human milk for both infant and maternal health are summarised. A better understanding of the link between the milk microbiome and health benefit, the potential factors influencing this relationship and whether or not it can be influenced by nutrition is required to open new avenues in the field of pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.V. Jeurink
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. van Bergenhenegouwen
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E. Jiménez
- Dpto Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L.M.J. Knippels
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L. Fernández
- Dpto Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Garssen
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. Knol
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J.M. Rodríguez
- Dpto Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, UCM, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Martín
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Maternal milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines for the newborn. Polyamines modulate gut maturation in neonates, but no studies are available on polyamine concentration in human milk of preterm babies, even though they could be important for their immature gut. The present study aimed to determine polyamine concentration in human breast milk of mothers with preterm or term infants during the first month of lactation. Human milk samples were obtained during the first month of lactation from twenty-seven mothers with preterm babies and twelve mothers with babies born at term. The polyamine concentration in human milk was quantified by HPLC. During the first month of lactation, the total polyamine concentration was significantly higher in preterm milk than in term milk samples (7590 (sd 4990) v. 4660 (sd 4830) nmol/l, respectively (P =0·034)), as well as individual polyamine concentrations. Polyamine concentration in mature milk for preterm babies was significantly higher than that in mature milk for babies at term, and a similar trend was observed in colostrum and transition human milk. The spermidine/spermine ratio was higher in transition milk in preterm v. term samples, while in mature milk, the ratio was significantly lower in preterm than in term babies. In conclusion, the polyamine concentration was significantly higher in human milk for preterm than for term infants. This and the different spermidine/spermine ratios could influence the gut development of premature babies.
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The suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:537310. [PMID: 22899949 PMCID: PMC3415261 DOI: 10.1155/2012/537310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal immune function. Research demonstrates the immunomodulatory properties and mechanisms of particular nutrients; however, these aspects are studied less in early life, when diet may exert an important role in the immune development of the neonate. Besides the limited data from epidemiological and human interventional trials in early life, animal models hold the key to increase the current knowledge about this interaction in this particular period. This paper reports the potential of the suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. In particular, it describes the main changes in the systemic and mucosal immune system development during rat suckling and allows some of these elements to be established as target biomarkers for studying the influence of particular nutrients. Different approaches to evaluate these immune effects, including the manipulation of the maternal diet during gestation and/or lactation or feeding the nutrient directly to the pups, are also described in detail. In summary, this paper provides investigators with useful tools for better designing experimental approaches focused on nutrition in early life for programming and immune development by using the suckling rat as a model.
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Metabolism of select amino acids in bacteria from the pig small intestine. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1597-608. [PMID: 21344175 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the metabolism of select amino acids (AA) in bacterial strains (Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.) and mixed bacterial cultures derived from the jejunum and ileum of pigs. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 3 h in anaerobic media containing 0.5-5 mM select AA plus [U-14C]-labeled tracers to determine their decarboxylation and incorporation into bacterial protein. Results showed that all types of bacteria rapidly utilized glutamine, lysine, arginine and threonine. However, rates of the utilization of AA by pure cultures of E. coli and Klebsiella sp. were greater than those for mixed bacterial cultures or Streptococcus sp. The oxidation of lysine, threonine and arginine accounted for 10% of their utilization in these pure bacterial cultures, but values were either higher or lower in mixed bacterial cultures depending on AA, bacterial species and the gut segment (e.g., 15% for lysine in jejunal and ileal mixed bacteria; 5.5 and 0.3% for threonine in jejunal mixed bacteria and ileal mixed bacteria, respectively; and 20% for arginine in ileal mixed bacteria). Percentages of AA used for bacterial protein synthesis were 50-70% for leucine, 25% for threonine, proline and methionine, 15% for lysine and arginine and 10% for glutamine. These results indicate diverse metabolism of AA in small-intestinal bacteria in a species- and gut compartment-dependent manner. This diversity may contribute to AA homeostasis in the gut. The findings have important implications for both animal and human nutrition, as well as their health and well-beings.
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