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Wang D, Ma W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Jiang J, Jiao L, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou Q. A versatile nanoplatform carrying cascade Pt nanozymes remodeling tumor microenvironment for amplified sonodynamic/chemo therapy of thyroid cancer. Biomaterials 2025; 313:122778. [PMID: 39213978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is increasing globally, with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) being the most aggressive type and having a poor prognosis. Current clinical treatments for thyroid cancer present numerous challenges, including invasiveness and the necessity of lifelong medication. Furthermore, a significant portion of patients with ATC experience cancer recurrence and metastasis. To overcome this dilemma, we developed a pH-responsive biomimetic nanocarrier (CLP@HP-A) through the incorporation of Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and Lenvatinib (Len) within hollow polydopamine nanoparticles (HP) that were further modified with platinum nanoparticles (Pt), enabling synergistic chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy. The CLP@HP-A nanocarriers exhibited specific binding with galectin-3 receptors, facilitating their internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis for targeted drug delivery. Upon exposure to ultrasound (US) irradiation, Ce6 rapidly generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce significant oxidative stress and trigger apoptosis in tumor cells. Additionally, Pt not only alleviated tumor hypoxia by catalyzing the conversion of H2O2 to oxygen (O2) but also augmented intracellular ROS levels through the production of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), thereby enhancing the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy. Moreover, Len demonstrated a potent cytotoxic effect on thyroid cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. Transcriptomics analysis findings additionally corroborated that CLP@HP-A effectively triggered cancer cell apoptosis, thereby serving as a crucial mechanism for its cytotoxic effects. In conclusion, the integration of sonodynamic/chemo combination therapy with targeted drug delivery systems offers a novel approach to the management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Lianying Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Runqing Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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Kooti A, Abuei H, Jaafari A, Taki S, Saberzadeh J, Farhadi A. Activating transcription factor 3 mediates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TP53-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Thyroid Res 2024; 17:12. [PMID: 39085957 PMCID: PMC11292864 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-024-00202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that loss of p53 function plays a crucial role in the progression of well to poorly differentiated thyroid cancers including anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Given the poor prognosis of ATC due to its strong therapeutic resistance, there is a need to establish new therapeutic targets to extend the survival of ATC patients. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can inhibit the oncogenic activity of mutant p53 and, as a result, contribute to tumor suppression in several TP53-mutated cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that the ectopic overexpression of ATF3 leads to the suppression of oncogenic mutant p53 activity in chemo-resistant 8305 C thyroid cancer cells harboring R273C p53 gene mutation. METHODS The biological behavior of 8305 C cells was assessed pre- and post-transfection with pCMV6-ATF3 plasmid using MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy, cell cycle, and annexin V/PI flow cytometric analysis. The effect of ectopic ATF3 overexpression on the cellular level of p53 was examined by western blotting assay. The mRNA expression levels of TP53, TAp63, ΔNp63, and SHARP1 were evaluated in ectopic ATF3-expressing cells compared to controls. RESULTS The overexpression of ATF3 in 8305 C thyroid cancer cells significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. The immunoblotting of p53 protein revealed that ATF3 overexpression significantly increased the level of mutant p53 in 8305C cells compared to mock-transfected control cells. Additionally, elevated mRNA levels of TAp63 and SHARP1 and a decreased mRNA level of ΔNp63 were observed in PCMV6-AC-ATF3-transfected 8305 C cells with significant differences compared to the mock and untreated cells. CONCLUSION In light of our findings, it is evident that therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing ATF3 expression or enhancing the interaction between ATF3 and mutant p53 can be a promising approach for the treatment of p53-mutated metastatic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Kooti
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Abuei
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Jaafari
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shayan Taki
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7143918596, Iran.
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Zhang W, Wang H, Li W, Jia Q, Zhang R, Tan J, Wang S, Zhang R. Combined radiation and chemotherapy versus monotherapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer: A SEER retrospective analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34168. [PMID: 39071680 PMCID: PMC11283001 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of combined radiation and chemotherapy (combination therapy) versus monotherapy on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has not yet been clear. Methods We identified 516 ATC patients during 2010-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and evaluated their survival outcome using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Results The median overall survival (OS) among the entire cohort was 3 months (95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.42 months), and the 6- and 12-month OS rates were 29 % (95 % CI, 25.01%-32.88 %) and 13 % (95 % CI, 10.60%-16.58 %), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that ATC patients not receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy were unquestionably associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.000, 95 % CI, 2.390-3.764) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 3.107, 95 % CI, 2.388-4.043), compared with those receiving combination therapy. However, combination therapy did not predict better prognosis compared with monotherapy (all P > 0.05). After PSM, the median OS and CSS were also not significantly improved in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.382; CSS, P = 0.420) or radiotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.065; CSS, P = 0.251). Conclusion Combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, does not have the expected improvement in survival beyond the benefits achievable with each single-modality treatment, necessitating further prospective research to tailor its treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruiguo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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Sriramareddy SN, Jamakhani M, Vilanova L, Brossel H, Staumont B, Hamaidia M. Selective inhibition of DNA ligase IV provides additional efficacy to the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1323313. [PMID: 38380364 PMCID: PMC10876873 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1323313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is low (2.5% of thyroid cancer cases), this cancer has a very poor prognosis (survival rates < 5 months) and accounts for 14-39% of deaths. Conventional therapies based on surgery in combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy showed limited effectiveness primarily due to the robust and protective DNA damage response in thyroid cancer cells. Methods We used single-cell transcriptomic data from patients with different subtypes of thyroid cancer to study expression of genes involved in homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Then, we investigated the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in anaplastic (C643 and Hth74) and papillary (TPC-1) thyroid cancer cell lines. The effect of caffeine (inhibitor of ATM and ATR) and UCN-01 (CHK1 inhibitor) was evaluated in cell cycle progression of thyroid cancer cells after γ-radiation or doxorubicin treatment. The DNA damage response was monitored after staining of phosphorylated γ-H2AX and 53BP1. Reporter plasmids were used to determine the efficacy of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) repair by HR and NHEJ in thyroid cancer cells. We evaluated the combination of selective inhibition of the DNA ligase IV by SCR7 and doxorubicin on cellular apoptosis and tumor growth in xenograft murine models of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Results Single-cell RNA-Seq showed that NHEJ- and HR-related genes are expressed in ATC and PTC patients. We showed that ATC cells undergo mitosis in the presence of unrepaired DNA damage caused by γ-radiation and doxorubicin treatment. To proliferate and survive, these cells efficiently repair DNA lesions using homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The combination of SCR7 with doxorubicin, significantly increased apoptosis and impaired ATC tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model compared to doxorubicin monotherapy. Conclusion This study shows the therapeutic value of the combination of a DNA ligase IV inhibitor and DNA-damaging agents (doxorubicin and/or γ-radiation) for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Neelature Sriramareddy
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Majeed Jamakhani
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Léa Vilanova
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hélène Brossel
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Staumont
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Malik Hamaidia
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Biology (TERRA), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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Pavlidis ET, Galanis IN, Pavlidis TE. Update on current diagnosis and management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:570-583. [PMID: 38179406 PMCID: PMC10762533 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i12.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 95%. However, the undifferentiated or anaplastic type accounting for < 0.2%, usually in elderly individuals, exhibits a dismal prognosis with rapid growth and disappointing outcomes. It is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma, with a median survival of 5 mo and poor quality of life (airway obstruction, dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent pain). Early diagnosis and staging are crucial. Diagnostic tools include biopsy (fine needle aspiration, core needle, open surgery), high-resolution ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, [(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomo-graphy/computed tomography, liquid biopsy and microRNAs. The BRAF gene (BRAF-V600E and BRAF wild type) is the most often found molecular factor. Others include the genes RET, KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS. Recent management policy is based on surgery, even debulking, chemotherapy (cisplatin or doxorubicin), radiotherapy (adjuvant or definitive), targeted biological agents and immunotherapy. The last two options constitute novel hopeful management modalities improving the overall survival in these otherwise condemned patients. Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody immunotherapy, stem cell targeted therapies, nanotechnology achievements and artificial intelligence imple-mentation provide novel promising alternatives. Genetic mutations determine molecular pathways, thus indicating novel treatment strategies such as anti-BRAF, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor. Treatment with the combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in cases with BRAF-V600E gene mutations and is currently the standard care. This neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery ensures a two-year overall survival of 80%. Prognostic factors for improved outcomes have been found to be younger age, earlier tumor stage and radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary, and the therapeutic plan should be individualized based on surveillance and epidemiology end results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios T Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Ioannis N Galanis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Theodoros E Pavlidis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Alhejaily AMG, Alhuzim O, Alwelaie Y. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:99. [PMID: 38022847 PMCID: PMC10666078 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The rarity of this cancer and its aggressive nature make an accurate diagnosis difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and various imaging techniques. Treatment involves a personalized multimodal approach, including surgery, adjuvant therapies and risk stratification. Prognostic factors such as age, tumor characteristics and genetic alterations play a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. Despite advancements, gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease and establishing standardized treatment guidelines. Further research, collaborative efforts and multicenter studies are necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy, develop targeted therapies and biomarkers, and enhance the long-term management. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of ATC, discussing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, prognostic factors and genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Mohsen G. Alhejaily
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alhuzim
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alwelaie
- Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Cui H, Wang R, Zhao X, Wang S, Shi X, Sang J. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the early death of anaplastic thyroid cancer: a SEER population-based study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16001-16013. [PMID: 37689588 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis. This study aimed to identify the independent risk factors and construct a readily-to-use nomogram to predict the probability of early death in ATC patients. METHOD Patients diagnosed with ATC between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled in this study for model development and internal validation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for early death of ATC. Nomograms for predicting the probability of all-cause early death (ACED) and cancer-specific early death (CSED) of ATC were subsequently developed. The performance of the nomograms was comprehensively evaluated and validated in an internal cohort. RESULT A total of 696 ATC patients were included in this study, of which 488 patients in the training cohort and 208 patients in the validation cohort. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified five independent factors (tumor size, M stage, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) in the ACED model and six variables in the CSED (gender, tumor size, M stage, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) model for the establishment of the nomograms. Calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed satisfactory efficacy and consistency both in the training (ACED: AUC values: 0.814 (0.776-0.852); CSED: 0.778 (0.736-0.820)) and validation sets (ACED: 0.762 (0.696-0.827); CSED: 0.745 (0.678-0.812)). In addition, the decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the favorable potential of the two nomograms in clinical application. CONCLUSION The two nomograms assist clinicians to identify risk factors and predict the early death probability among ATC patients, thus guide individualized treatment to improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianbiao Shi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianfeng Sang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Cui A, Du Y, Hou C, Zhang L, Sun L, He H. Case Reports: A role of postoperative radiation therapy in completely resected early stage intrathyroid thymic carcinoma: a case report and literature review of the diagnosis and treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1234961. [PMID: 37849817 PMCID: PMC10577444 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1234961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intrathyroid thymic carcinoma (ITTC) is a rare malignant tumor of the thyroid, probably arising from ectopic thymus or branchial pouch remnants. Most of the literature recommended radical resection as the fundamental treatment for ITTC, and postoperative radiation appears to be able to reduce the recurrence rate in patients with advanced ITTC. However, the issue of adjuvant radiotherapy in completely resected early-stage ITTC has been controversial. Case presentation Here, we reported a new case of early-stage ITTC that treated with total thyroidectomy and the right central neck dissection. Postoperative external beam radiation therapy (50.0 Gy/25 fractions) was given to the thyroid bed and bilateral cervical lymph node area since the tumor involved part of the sternal thyroid muscle. At 4-year follow-up after completion of radiotherapy, she is without evidence of locally recurrent or distant disease. Conclusion Since there are no current guidelines for early-stage ITTC, in combination with this case and previous literature, we may suggest routine adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered in patients with incompletely resected tumors and extraparenchymal extension of ITTC. Moreover, we summarized comprehensive and advanced diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of ITTC and comparison between ITTC, primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid gland, differentiated thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Cui
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoqiang Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunjie Hou
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital, Hangzhou Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfeng He
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tasoulas J, Srivastava S, Xu X, Tarasova V, Maniakas A, Karreth FA, Amelio AL. Genetically engineered mouse models of head and neck cancers. Oncogene 2023; 42:2593-2609. [PMID: 37474617 PMCID: PMC10457205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The head and neck region is one of the anatomic sites commonly afflicted by cancer, with ~1.5 million new diagnoses reported worldwide in 2020 alone. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the underlying disease mechanisms, personalizing care based on each tumor's individual molecular characteristics, and even therapeutically exploiting the inherent vulnerabilities of these neoplasms. In this regard, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have played an instrumental role. While progress in the development of GEMMs has been slower than in other major cancer types, several GEMMs are now available that recapitulate most of the heterogeneous characteristics of head and neck cancers such as the tumor microenvironment. Different approaches have been employed in GEMM development and implementation, though each can generally recapitulate only certain disease aspects. As a result, appropriate model selection is essential for addressing specific research questions. In this review, we present an overview of all currently available head and neck cancer GEMMs, encompassing models for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and salivary and thyroid gland carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tasoulas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonal Srivastava
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Tarasova
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Maniakas
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florian A Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Abutorabi ES, Poursheikhani A, Kashani B, Shamsaiegahkani S, Haghpanah V, Bashash D, Mousavi SA, Momeny M, Ghaffari SH. The effects of Abemaciclib on cell cycle and apoptosis regulation in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4073-4082. [PMID: 36877344 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer, accounting for 1 to 2% of all cases. Deregulations of cell cycle regulatory genes including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and endogenous inhibitors of CDKs (CKIs) are hallmarks of cancer cells and hence, studies indicate the inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases and cell cycle progression as potent therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of Abemaciclib, a CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor, in ATC cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS The ATC cell lines C643 and SW1736 were selected to study the antiproliferative effects of Abemaciclib using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining assay. Annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were also performed to examine the effects on apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Wound healing assay and zymography analysis examined the effects of the drug on invasive abilities of ATC cells and Western blot analyses were applied to further study the anti-tumor mechanism of Abemaciclib, in addition to combination treatment with alpelisib. Our data demonstrated that Abemaciclib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in ATC cell lines, while considerably reducing cell migration and colony formation. The mechanism seemed to involve the PI3K pathway. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data highlight CDK4/6 as interesting therapeutic targets in ATC and suggest CDK4/6-blockade therapies as promising strategies in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh S Abutorabi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Shamsaiegahkani
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied A Mousavi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Song Y, Bai Y, Wang J, Xu G, Wang T, Zhang B. Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibition combined with immunotherapy therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a case report and literature review. Endocr J 2023; 70:223-228. [PMID: 36351596 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly malignant tumor with invasive nature. Most patients present with locally advanced and/or distant metastatic diseases that are difficult to treat. We report a case of a previously inoperable patient with v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutated ATC. After a trial of neoadjuvant Dabrafenib/Trametinib with immunotherapy, the tumor became operable, and surgical pathology indicated a pathologic complete response (pCR). We also reviewed cases from the literature that utilized neoadjuvant BRAF-directed therapy in ATCs. These cases emphasize that BRAF-and immune-directed therapy is a feasible option in patients with inoperable ATC and may lead to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
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12
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Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal of all cancers. It is more common in women and occurs primarily in older patients. ATC has a median overall survival of 3-5 months and a nearly 100% disease-specific mortality. It is known to spread rapidly to locoregional structures as well as outside the neck to distant sites, hence ATC is always considered stage IV. With better understanding of the disease at a molecular level, the introduction of newer treatment strategies has been possible and is part of the multimodal (surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy) therapeutic approach. However, there is extensive work needed to achieve better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika N Rao
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Dual Appointment in the Divisions of Endocrinology/Metabolism and Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Robert C Smallridge
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology/Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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13
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Dong X, Yang Y, Hou J, Chen W, Yuan Q, Xu G, Liu J, Li C, Wu G. Weighted gene co-expression network reveals driver genes contributing to phenotypes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and immune checkpoint identification for therapeutic targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018479. [PMID: 36530988 PMCID: PMC9751455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely malignant tumor, with a rapid growth rate and early metastasis thus leading to poor survival of patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying these aggressive traits of ATC remain unknown, which impedes the substantial progress in treatment to prolong ATC patient survival. Methods We applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify ATC-specific modules. The Metascape web and R package clusterProfiler were employed to perform enrichment analysis. Combined with differentially expressed gene analysis, we screened out the most potential driver genes and validated them using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and triple immunofluorescence staining. Results A gene expression matrix covering 75 normal samples, 83 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 26 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), 19 poor-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and 41 ATC tissue samples were integrated, based on which we detected three most potential ATC-specific modules and found that hub genes of these modules were enriched in distinct biological signals. Hub genes in the turquoise module were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle, tube morphogenesis, and cell differentiation, hub genes in the magenta module were mainly clustered in the extracellular matrix organization, positive regulation of cell motility, and regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, while hub genes in the blue module primarily participated in the inflammatory response, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response. We showed that 9 top genes, 8 transcription factors (TFs), and 4 immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) were differentially expressed in ATC compared to other thyroid samples and had high diagnostic values for ATC, among which, 9 novel ATC-specific genes (ADAM12, RNASE2, CASP5, KIAA1524, E2F7, MYBL1, SRPX2, HAVCR2, and TDO2) were validated with our clinical samples. Furthermore, we illustrated that ADAM12, RNASE2, and HAVCR2 were predominantly present in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Our study identified a set of novel ATC-specific genes that were mainly related to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, which might throw light on molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive phenotypes of ATC and provide promisingly diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Clinical Efficacy of Levothyroxine Sodium plus I 131 in the Treatment of Patients with Thyroidectomy and Its Effect on the Levels of Thyroglobulin and Thyrotropin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9557061. [PMID: 35958920 PMCID: PMC9363160 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9557061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of levothyroxine sodium tablets combined with I 131 in the treatment of patients after thyroidectomy and the effect on thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Methods 80 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who required thyroidectomy after surgery between July 2019 and January 2021 were recruited for prospective study, 40 patients in the control group received levothyroxine sodium tablets, and 40 patients in the experimental group received levothyroxine sodium treatment plus I 131 treatment. Treatment effect, serum Tg and TSH levels, and relapse were measured. Results The removal rate of residual thyroid tissue in the experimental group (87.50%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (57.50%) (P < 0.05). Levothyroxine sodium tablets plus I 131 was associated with a significantly higher efficacy versus levothyroxine sodium tablets (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum Tg levels between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the serum Tg levels in both groups were significantly decreased, and levothyroxine sodium tablets plus I 131 resulted in a significantly lower Tg level versus levothyroxine sodium tablets (P < 0.05). Before treatment, the two groups showed similar TSH levels (P > 0.05). After treatment, patients receiving levothyroxine sodium tablets plus I 131 had a significantly greater increase in the TSH levels versus levothyroxine sodium tablets (P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Levothyroxine sodium tablets plus I 131 for post-operative patients with differentiated thyroid cancer enhance the removal rate of residual thyroid tissue, effectively reduce serum Tg level, and increase TSH level, with significant therapeutic effects, low recurrence rates, and a high safety profile.
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Hatashima A, Archambeau B, Armbruster H, Xu M, Shah M, Konda B, Lott Limbach A, Sukrithan V. An Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2022; 32:926-936. [PMID: 35583228 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive thyroid malignancy that is associated with poor prognosis. Current treatment options include surgery, radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and multikinase inhibitor therapy. The role of immunotherapy in ATC is an area of active interest and recent evidence suggests that it may be a potentially effective treatment option. Methods: We report a case series of 13 patients with locally advanced or metastatic unresectable ATC who received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) at a single institution. Results: The patients' median age was 70 years, 54% (7/13) were male, and 85% (11/13) had stage IVC disease with lungs and lymph nodes being the most common sites of metastases. Ten patients had tumor tissue available for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression testing, all of which were positive for PD-L1, and seven of these patients also had a BRAFV600E mutation. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months and median overall survival (OS) was 4.4 months. The objective response rate was 16% (2/13). Two patients had partial response (PR), and three patients had durable stable disease. Among patients with a clinical benefit, after a median follow-up of 13.5 months, median OS had not been reached (range 4+ to 29+ months). Responses were ongoing in four subjects. The one-year survival rate was 38% (5/13). Six patients (46%) experienced an immune-related adverse event, and 15% (2/13) experienced a grade 3 or higher adverse event, including one patient with grade 5 immune checkpoint-related thyroiditis. Conclusions: Immune checkpoint blockade was well tolerated with a toxicity profile consistent with published literature on PD-1/PD-L1-targeting therapies. For ATC patients, immune checkpoint inhibition may represent an effective treatment option with robust sustained responses seen in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia Hatashima
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brianna Archambeau
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather Armbruster
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Menglin Xu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Manisha Shah
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhavana Konda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Abberly Lott Limbach
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vineeth Sukrithan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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16
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Effect of Lactate Export Inhibition on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth and Metabolism. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:1044-1050. [PMID: 35703795 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy without effective treatments. ATC cells demonstrate upregulated glycolysis (Warburg effect), generating lactate that is subsequently exported by monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). This study aims to determine whether MCT4 inhibition can suppress ATC growth. STUDY DESIGN ATC cell lines 8505C, JL30, and TCO1 were grown in low (3 mmol/L; LG) or high (25 mmol/L; HG) glucose medium containing the lactate shuttle inhibitors acriflavine (10-25 μmol/L; ACF), syrosingopine (100 µmol/L; SYR), or AZD3965 (20 µmol/L; AZD). Lactate level and cell proliferation were measured with standard assays. Seahorse analysis was performed to determine glycolytic response. RESULTS Compared with HG, addition of ACF to LG decreased lactate secretion for both 8505C (p < 10-5) and JL30 (p < 10-4) cells, whereas proliferation was also reduced (p < 10-4 and 10-5, respectively). During Seahorse analysis, addition of oligomycin increased acidification by 84 mpH/min in HG vs 10 mpH/min in LG containing ACF (p < 10-5). Treatment with LG and SYR drastically diminished 8505C and TCO1 growth vs HG (p < 0.01 for both). LG and AZD treatment also led to reduced proliferation in tested cell lines (p ≤ 0.01 for all) that was further decreased by addition of ACF (p < 10-4 vs HG, p ≤ 0.01 vs LG and AZD). CONCLUSION Inhibition of lactate shuttles significantly reduced proliferation and glycolytic capacity of ATC cells in a low-glucose environment. Targeting suppression of glycolytic and lactate processing pathways may represent an effective treatment strategy for ATC.
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ERKAN S, YABANOĞLU H, GÜNDOĞDU R, KUŞ M. Anaplastik Tiroid Karsinomlu Hastalarda Cerrahi Tedavi Yönetimimiz. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.886278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Li L, Cheng L, Sa R, Qiu X, Chen L. Real-world insights into the efficacy and safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against thyroid cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103624. [PMID: 35150866 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on clinical trials demonstrating favorable short-term efficacy and tolerable toxicity, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for treating locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, BRAFV600E-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer, and advanced or progressive medullary thyroid cancer. Longer term efficacy and safety of these treatments have been investigated in multiple real-world studies, demonstrating indispensable complementary value. Hereby, we summarize data from a total of 27 real-world studies with a focus on long-term survival data and rare but life-threatening adverse effects. An overall picture of current real-world study was drawn, and integrated experience of multiple centers would be helpful to clinical practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Xian Qiu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200023, China.
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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with unusual long-term survival: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:39. [PMID: 35101107 PMCID: PMC8805419 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare, rapidly progressive, and highly aggressive tumor. It has a global annual incidence of 1–2 per million people. It mostly affects older adults and women. The median survival duration after diagnosis does not exceed 6–8 months. Case presentation A 60-year-old female patient of mixed race (Honduran) presented to the local medical service with dysphonia that had started approximately 2 months earlier, accompanied by orthopnea that had started 1 month earlier. On physical examination, a soft mass was palpated within the anterior neck region; it was approximately 4 cm in diameter, painless, and mobile on swallowing, and had irregular margins. Ultrasound and computed tomography of the neck were performed. Subsequently, fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed. The histological diagnosis was anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (stage IVB). She underwent total thyroidectomy and chemotherapy. She is currently in her fifth year of remission after diagnosis and remains under oncologic surveillance. Discussion Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma demonstrates a lethal behavior. Approximately 18% survive for more than a year after diagnosis, and 0–10% survive for 5 years. Different pretherapeutic prognostic factors may affect survival, including age < 70 years, the absence of distant metastases, and complete local resection. Conclusion Conventional treatment improves the quality of life of the patient, but the results are not encouraging for the medium and long term. Only a few patients manage to exceed the average life expectancy of 3–6 months, despite undergoing the currently available therapeutic regimen.
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Huang D, Zhang J, Zheng X, Gao M. Efficacy and Safety of Lenvatinib in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:920857. [PMID: 35846304 PMCID: PMC9279913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.920857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has shown promising efficacy in targeted therapies that have been tested to treat anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) in both preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in the treatment of patients with ATC. METHODS PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for potential eligible studies from inception to February 1, 2022. The outcomes included partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS). Effect sizes for all pooled results were presented with 95% CIs with upper and lower limit. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The aggregated results showed that the pooled PR, SD, and DCR were 15.0%, 42.0%, and 63.0%, respectively. The pooled mPFS and mOS were 3.16 (2.18-5.60) months and 3.16 (2.17-5.64) months, respectively. Furthermore, PFS rate at 3 months (PFSR-3m), PFSR-6m, PFSR-9m, PFSR-12m, and PFSR-15m were 52.0%, 22.5%, 13.9%, 8.4%, and 2.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the 3-month OS rate (OSR-3m), OSR-6m, OSR-9m, OSR-12m, and OSR-15m were 64.0%, 39.3%, 29.7%, 18.9%, and 14.2%, respectively. The most common adverse events (AEs) of lenvatinib were hypertension (56.6%), proteinuria (32.6%), and fatigue (32%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that lenvatinib has meaningful antitumor activity, but limited clinical efficacy in ATC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42022308624].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Gao, ; Xiangqian Zheng,
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery Inconstruction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Gao, ; Xiangqian Zheng,
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Qian C, Jiang L, Xu S, Wang J, Tan Z, Xin Y, Ge M. Advances in targeted therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:685-693. [PMID: 35347921 PMCID: PMC8931613 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly malignant and aggressive thyroid malignancy with rapid onset and poor prognosis. There is no effective treatment for ATC yet. Molecular targeted therapy provides a new idea for ATC treatment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib has potential in treating ATC patients with favorable efficacy in clinical trials. The effectiveness of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 () gene inhibitor dabrafenib in combination with trametinib for the treatment of positive ATC patients has been demonstrated in clinical trials. The has proposed dabrafenib in combination with trametinib as the preferred modality for the treatment of patients with positive ATC. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab can be applied to treat thyroid cancer with high tumor mutational load and may be considered as the preferred modality for the treatment of ATC patients with high programmed death ligand-1 expression. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway inhibitors, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ agonists, endothelial growth factor receptors-targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab and novel vascular blocker fosbretabulin are still in the clinical research stage, which are expected to provide new directions for the development of novel targeted drugs. This article reviews the current research progress on targeted drugs for the treatment of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Qian
- 1. Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Liehao Jiang
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shiying Xu
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 4. The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ying Xin
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Minghua Ge
- 1. Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, Anhui Province, China
- 2. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- 3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Wang H, Yu Y, Wang K, Sun H. Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Research Landscapes, Turning Points, and Global Trends. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769807. [PMID: 34900720 PMCID: PMC8652235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies with a dramatic increase in incidences. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but deadly form among thyroid cancers. To better understand of this field, we assessed the global scientific outputs and tried to depict its overview via bibliometric methods. Methods Approximately 1,492 science publications published between 1997 and 2020 were included by systematic retrieval in the WoS database. The general information of them was characterized, and the developmental skeleton and research frontiers were explored. Results The article number in this field has been increasing in the past 24 years. North America, East Asia, and Western Europe have reached remarkable achievements. Mutations of BARF and TERT and their downstream pathways have attracted researchers’ attention, where genetic diagnosis provides new clinical insight and several targeted therapeutic approaches have been on the clinical trial. Conclusions Numerous efforts have been made to figure out gene expression reprogramming of anaplastic thyroid cancer and key mechanism in driving its dedifferentiation, invasion and migration process. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and systematic combination therapy are the recent current research hotspots. These results provide insightful clues for the funding direction and the potential breakthrough direction of the anaplastic thyroid cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim S, Gray AL, Lao WP, Perez MN, Liu Y, Lee SC. Is it Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, Primary Thyroid Lymphoma, or Rosai Dorfman Disease? An Elusive Histopathologic Diagnosis of a Thyroid Mass. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 16:507-512. [PMID: 34755265 PMCID: PMC9187825 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present an elusive case of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), initially thought to be anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, then Rosai Dorfman disease, before the final diagnosis of PTL was made. An elderly female with hypothyroidism presented with compressive airway symptoms secondary to an enlarging neck mass. Imaging was suggestive of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. The initial biopsy was unexpectedly consistent with a lymphoproliferative disorder such as Rosai-Dorfman disease. A repeat biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis yielded a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of germinal center subtype. The patient was spared thyroid surgery and started on appropriate chemotherapy. PTL is within the differential diagnosis that physicians must consider in a patient with a rapidly-enlarging neck mass. A clinical index of suspicion and early accurate diagnosis may spare the patient from unnecessary surgery that is required of most other non-hematopoeitic thyroid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Wilson P. Lao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA ,Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Mia N. Perez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA
| | - Steve C. Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA USA
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24
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Kung FP, Lim YP, Chao WY, Zhang YS, Yu HI, Tai TS, Lu CH, Chen SH, Li YZ, Zhao PW, Yen YP, Lee YR. Piperlongumine, a Potent Anticancer Phytotherapeutic, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo through the ROS/Akt Pathway in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174266. [PMID: 34503074 PMCID: PMC8428232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is no effective treatment currently available for patients with anaplastic, recurrent papillary, or follicular thyroid cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to hold promise as a new therapeutic strategy for multiple human cancers. However, studies on ROS inducers for human thyroid cancer treatment are scarce. This study assesses the anticancer activity and the detailed downstream mechanisms of piperlongumine, a ROS inducer, in human thyroid cancer cells. We demonstrate that piperlongumine inhibits cell proliferation, regulates the cell cycle, and induces cellular apoptosis in various types of human thyroid cancer cells. The antihuman thyroid cancer activity of piperlongumine was through ROS induction, and it further suppressed the downstream Akt signaling pathway to elevate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. A mouse xenograft study demonstrated that piperlongumine was safe and could inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. The present study provides strong evidence that piperlongumine can be used as a therapeutic candidate for human thyroid cancers. Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its global incidence has steadily increased over the past 15 years. TC is broadly divided into well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated types, depending on the histological and clinical parameters. Thus far, there are no effective treatments for undifferentiated thyroid cancers or advanced and recurrent cancer. Therefore, the development of an effective therapeutic is urgently needed for such patients. Piperlongumine (PL) is a naturally occurring small molecule derived from long pepper; it is selectively toxic to cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we demonstrate the potential anticancer activity of PL in four TC cell lines. For this purpose, we cultured TC cell lines and analyzed the following parameters: Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular ROS induction. PL modulated the cell cycle, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumorigenesis in TC cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner through ROS induction. Meanwhile, an intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway was observed in the TC cells under PL treatment. The activation of Erk and the suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathways through ROS induction were seen in cells treated with PL. PL-mediated apoptosis in TC cells was through the ROS-Akt pathway. Finally, the anticancer effect and safety of PL were also demonstrated in vivo. Our findings indicate that PL exhibits antitumor activity and has the potential for use as a chemotherapeutic agent against TC. This is the first study to show the sensitivity of TC cell lines to PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ping Kung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chao
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Hui-I Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Tsai-Sung Tai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Shu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Yi-Zhen Li
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Pei-Wen Zhao
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (S.-H.C.); (Y.-Z.L.); (P.-W.Z.)
| | - Yu-Pei Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan; (F.-P.K.); (H.-I.Y.); (T.-S.T.); (C.-H.L.); (Y.-P.Y.)
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Kawamura Y, Saijo K, Imai H, Ishioka C. Inhibition of IRAK1/4 enhances the antitumor effect of lenvatinib in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4711-4721. [PMID: 34328666 PMCID: PMC8586669 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an extremely aggressive tumor associated with poor prognosis due to a lack of efficient therapies. In Japan, lenvatinib is the only drug approved for patients with ATC; however, its efficacy is limited. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required for patients with ATC. The present study aimed to identify compounds that enhance the antiproliferative effects of lenvatinib in ATC cells using a compound library. IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I was identified as a candidate compound. Combined treatment with lenvatinib and IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I showed synergistic antiproliferative effects via induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in the ATC cell lines 8305C, HTC/C3, ACT-1, and 8505C. Furthermore, IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I enhanced the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by lenvatinib in 8305C, HTC/C3, and 8505C cells. In an HTC/C3 xenograft mouse model, tumor volume was lower in the combined IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I and lenvatinib group compared with that in the vehicle control, IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I, and lenvatinib groups. IRAK1/4 Inhibitor I was identified as a promising compound that enhances the antiproliferative and antitumor effects of lenvatinib in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute for Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken Saijo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute for Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute for Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikashi Ishioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute for Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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26
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Lin R, Ma B, Liu N, Zhang L, He T, Liu X, Chen T, Liu W, Liang Y, Wang T, Ni G, Liu X, Yang N, Zhang J, Yuan J. Targeted radioimmunotherapy with the iodine-131-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for human anaplastic thyroid cancer in nude mice. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:811-822. [PMID: 33948902 PMCID: PMC8197720 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The combination of two or more drugs with different mechanisms is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a trending antitumor strategy. Radiotherapy (RT) can promote and activate antitumor immune effects, and immunotherapy can strengthen the effects of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT); the RIT combination is synergistic and can overcome the adverse side effects of monotherapy. In this study, we developed a radioimmunoconjugate (RIC)-the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide-to treat human anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). METHODS Antitumor activity of caerin 1.1 peptide was determined by MTT assay, plate colony formation and cell wound scratch assays, and the mechanism of the inhibition of carein 1.1 peptide on the growth of CAL-62 cells was identified by cell cycle and western blot. Then, we investigated the efficacy of the caerin 1.1 peptide as a single drug and the 131I-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide for ATC. H&E and TUNEL staining was performed to detect dead cells in the tumor tissue sections. RESULTS We found that caerin 1.1 arrested cells in the S phase to induce apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth to inhibit phosphorylation of Akt. In vivo, the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide achieved better antitumor efficacy than radiotherapy alone and showed a good biosafety profile. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time that the iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide can inhibit CAL-62 tumor growth and migration. The iodine-131 (131I)-labeled caerin 1.1 peptide, which represents a radioimmunotherapy strategy based on the combination of SIRT with a peptide-drug conjugate, could provide a treatment means for the radical cure of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowei Ma
- Department of TCM Resident Training, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongying Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongnan Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhe Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of the Southern Theatre Command, People's Liberation Army of China, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Ge MH, Zhu XH, Shao YM, Wang C, Huang P, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Maimaitiyiming Y, Chen E, Yang C, Naranmandura H. Synthesis and characterization of CD133 targeted aptamer-drug conjugates for precision therapy of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1313-1324. [PMID: 33350399 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an undifferentiated and highly aggressive type of thyroid cancer and is extremely resistant to standard therapies such as surgical resection and radioactive iodine therapy. Although targeted therapeutic agents including small molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies are rapidly developed in recent years, no ATC targeted drugs are available to date; thereby, novel targeted therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of ATC patients. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA (or RNA) molecules that can selectively bind to cancer specific antigens, and aptamer-based targeted therapy has certain advantages over that based on antibodies due to its high binding affinity and low immunogenicity. Here, we identified that CD133, a cancer stem cell marker, was specifically expressed in ATC tumor tissues and cells, implying that CD133 is a potential drug target for ATC therapy. Additionally, we successfully obtained a CD133 targeted aptamer AP-1 by paired cell-based SELEX, which can precisely recognize CD133 antigen in vitro. Furthermore, the truncated AP-1-M aptamer from its precursor AP-1 has shown higher binding affinity for CD133, and specifically accumulated in anaplastic thyroid cancer FRO cell derived tumor in vivo. Conjugation of truncated AP-1-M with doxorubicin could dramatically inhibit CD133 positive FRO cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis in vitro, and also suppress tumor growth in FRO cell xenograft mice in vivo. Our results clearly demonstrated that the CD133 targeted aptamer AP-1-M conjugated with anticancer drugs has potential to become a promising therapeutic approach against ATC in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xu Hang Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Department of Public Health, and Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - En Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Department of Public Health, and Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. and Department of Public Health, and Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China and Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
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28
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Kaya C, Dorsaint P, Mercurio S, Campbell AM, Eng KW, Nikiforova MN, Elemento O, Nikiforov YE, Sboner A. Limitations of Detecting Genetic Variants from the RNA Sequencing Data in Tissue and Fine-Needle Aspiration Samples. Thyroid 2021; 31:589-595. [PMID: 32948110 PMCID: PMC8195874 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Genetic profiling of resected tumor or biopsy samples is increasingly used for cancer diagnosis and therapy selection for thyroid and other cancer types. Although mutations occur in cell DNA and are typically detected using DNA sequencing, recent attempts focused on detecting pathogenic variants from RNA. The aim of this study was to determine the completeness of capturing mutations using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in thyroid tissue and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples. Methods: To compare the detection rate of mutations between DNA sequencing and RNA-Seq, 35 tissue samples were analyzed in parallel by whole-exome DNA sequencing (WES) and whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq at two study sites. Then, DNA and RNA from 44 thyroid FNA samples and 47 tissue samples were studied using both targeted DNA sequencing and RNA-Seq. Results: Of 162 genetic variants identified by WES of DNA in 35 tissue samples, 77 (48%) were captured by RNA-Seq, with a detection rate of 49% at site 1 and 46% at site 2 and no difference between thyroid and nonthyroid samples. Targeted DNA sequencing of 91 thyroid tissue and FNA samples detected 118 pathogenic variants, of which 57 (48%) were identified by RNA-Seq. For DNA variants present at >10% allelic frequency (AF), the detection rate of RNA-Seq was 62%, and for those at low (5-10%) AF, the detection rate of RNA-Seq was 7% (p < 0.0001). For common oncogenes (BRAF and RAS), 94% of mutations present at >10% AF and 11% of mutations present at 5-10% AF were captured by RNA-Seq. As expected, none of TERT promoter mutations were identified by RNA-Seq. The rate of mutation detection by RNA-Seq was lower in FNA samples than in tissue samples (32% vs. 49%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: In this study, RNA-Seq analysis detected only 46-49% of pathogenic variants identifiable by sequencing of tumor DNA. Detection of mutations by RNA-Seq was more successful for mutations present at a high allelic frequency. Mutations were more often missed by RNA-Seq when present at low frequency or when tested on FNA samples. All TERT mutations were missed by RNA-Seq. These data suggest that RNA-Seq does not detect a significant proportion of clinically relevant mutations and should be used with caution in clinical practice for detecting DNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Kaya
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Address correspondence to: Cihan Kaya, PhD, Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3477 Euler Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Princesca Dorsaint
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Mercurio
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander M. Campbell
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Wha Eng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina N. Nikiforova
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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29
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Molecular Genetics of Follicular-Derived Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051139. [PMID: 33799953 PMCID: PMC7961716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid tumors that derive from follicular cells are not a homogeneous entity, showing variable morphological appearance and different degrees of differentiation. Molecular markers are useful for both diagnostic purposes and prognostic stratification of patients. In presurgical setting, molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules on aspirates provides useful diagnostic information; the molecular analysis on tumor tissues can also reveal the presence of genetic alterations related to patients’ prognosis. In recent years, the molecular characterization of these tumors has acquired even more importance thanks to the introduction of targeted drugs. This review summarizes the current literature on the molecular landscape of follicular-derived thyroid tumors. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine-related malignancy, whose incidence rates have increased dramatically in the last few decades. Neoplasms of follicular origin generally have excellent prognosis, with the exception of less differentiated tumors. Follicular-derived thyroid cancer can manifest as a variety of morphologically distinct entities, characterized by various degrees of differentiation and invasiveness. Histological evaluation is thus crucial for the definition of patients’ prognosis. However, within each histological subtype, tumor behavior can be highly variable, and, in this respect, molecular characterization can provide insightful information to refine the risk stratification of tumors. In addition to the importance of its prognostic role, molecular testing can be used to support the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in the absence of marked cyto-morphological aberrations. Finally, with the advent of targeted drugs, the presence of molecular alterations will guide the therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced tumors who do not respond to standard treatment. This review aims to describe the genetic landscape of follicular-derived thyroid tumors also highlighting differences across histological subtypes.
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Miller KC, Chintakuntlawar AV. Molecular-Driven Therapy in Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:24. [PMID: 33569661 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT With a growing understanding of the biologic drivers of different thyroid cancers, there is an ongoing revolution in the treatment of aggressive and advanced disease variants. This includes matching patients with specific point mutations or gene fusions to targeted therapies (e.g., selective RET inhibitors), delineating patients who are likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (i.e., PD-L1-positive tumors) and even priming responses to traditional therapies such as radioactive iodine (via concomitant MAPK pathway inhibition). There is also a growing role for genomics in the prognostication of thyroid tumors to aid the adjudication of appropriate treatments. Taking stock of the current state of the field, recent successes should be celebrated, but there still remains a long road ahead to improve outcomes for patients, particularly for radioactive-iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid cancer. In this review, we summarize findings from recent clinical trials and highlight promising preclinical data supporting molecular-driven therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ultimately, enrollment in clinical trials remains paramount to the advancement of thyroid cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Miller
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Kim M, Ahn J, Song DE, Yoon JH, Kang HC, Lim DJ, Kim WG, Kim TY, Kim WB, Shong YK, Jeon MJ, Kim BH. Real-world experience of lenvatinib in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2021; 71:427-433. [PMID: 32729092 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) in real-world practice. METHODS This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 14 patients with advanced ATC who received lenvatinib. We evaluated the response rate according to RECIST. RESULTS Ten patients had de novo ATC, and lenvatinib was used as a neoadjuvant treatment in eight patients. During a median follow-up of 6.7 months, patients received lenvatinib at a median dose of 13 mg daily. Overall, four patients (29%) showed partial response, nine (64%) had stable disease, and one (7%) had progressive disease. Tumor burden was reduced in 13 patients (93%), and the median best percent change from the baseline was -15.8%. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-8.3) and 6.7 months (95% CI, 3.0-8.4), respectively. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Most AEs were manageable but two AEs-tracheal perforation, and pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum-were life-threatening. One patient underwent flap surgery for reconstruction of their tracheal perforation, and another died of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, which seemed to be related to lenvatinib. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter real-world study, lenvatinib demonstrated limited clinical activity in advanced ATC. It effectively reduced the tumor burden but showed doubtful survival benefit. Although most AEs were manageable, one fatal AE was related to rapid tumor shrinkage. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and optimal dose of lenvatinib in patients with advanced ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hee Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Abe I, Lam AKY. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Updates on WHO classification, clinicopathological features and staging. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:239-248. [PMID: 33170501 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon carcinoma representing 1 to 4% of all thyroid cancers. The carcinoma is most common in females of the eight decades. It is a locally advanced cancer with frequent infiltration of surrounding organs, blood vessels and skin of neck. Paraneoplastic manifestations could occur. Approximately half of the patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had distant metastasis with lung and brain as the most frequent sites of metastasis. The median survival of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma reported was from 1 to 6 months. The terminology of the cancer in World Health Organization is "anaplastic thyroid carcinoma" rather than "undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma". In the latest American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, there are updates on T and N categories. To conclude, updated knowledge of clinicopathological features, classification, pathological staging will improve our understanding of the cancer and will help in the management of the patients with this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Abe
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Destistry, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Destistry, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Song T, Chen L, Zhang H, Lu Y, Yu K, Zhan W, Fang M. Multimodal treatment based on thyroidectomy improves survival in patients with metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a SEER analysis from 1998 to 2015. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1205-1213. [PMID: 33224795 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate multimodal treatments consisting of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) in metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of ATC between 1998 and 2015 were included. The endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS). The prognostic significance in terms of OS was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 433 metastatic ATC patients were identified. The median OS was two months, with a 1-year OS rate of 6.9%. In the multivariate analysis, the factors significantly correlated with OS were age [<68 vs. ≥68 years old, P=0.032, hazard ratio (HR) =1.252], tumor size (<7 vs. ≥7 cm, P=0.004, HR =1.418; <7 cm vs. unknown, P=0.005, HR =1.424), surgery at the primary site (none/unknown vs. less than thyroidectomy, P<0.001, HR =0.623; none/unknown vs. thyroidectomy, P=0.001, HR =0.616), use of RT (P<0.001, HR =0.562) and use of CT (P<0.001, HR =0.621). In the subgroup analysis, the combination of thyroidectomy, RT and CT demonstrated the best OS outcome when compared with other therapeutic modalities. Conclusions Surgery, RT and CT were all strong prognostic factors for improved OS in metastatic ATC patients. In addition, treatment approaches consisting of thyroidectomy were beneficial compared with nonsurgical treatment. However, given the limited benefit of only a few months in the clinic, we suggest that thyroidectomy in combination with RT and CT should be delivered in selected patients with caution for better management of metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenming Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Cao J, Zhang M, Zhang L, Lou J, Zhou F, Fang M. Non-coding RNA in thyroid cancer - Functions and mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2020; 496:117-126. [PMID: 32949678 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor, and its incidence has increased significantly in the past few years. A growing number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have shown abnormal expression patterns in human thyroid cancer in recent studies. Depending on size, ncRNAs are usually subdivided into two categories: short ncRNAs and long ncRNAs (longer than 200 nucleotides). Short ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and endogenous small interfering RNAs, which have been extensively studied due to their roles in developmental and tumor biology. Compared to that of short ncRNAs, the involvement of lncRNAs in human cancers, especially in thyroid cancer, is not as well studied. Here, we reviewed the roles and clinical significance of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNA in thyroid development, tumorigenesis, and metastasis to offer a new approach to thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Rare and Head and Neck Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Meiyu Fang
- Department of Rare and Head and Neck Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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Lombardo ME, Zito G, Pavia FC, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C, Brucato V, La Carrubba V. 3D polymeric supports promote the growth and progression of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:223-227. [PMID: 32798016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that accounts for the majority of deaths from all thyroid cancers. ATC exhibits invasiveness and highly resistance to conventional therapies which include cytotoxic chemotherapy, the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibition and, more recently, immunotherapies, that have shown promising but still limited results. A growing knowledge on ATC tumor biology is needed for developing more effective therapies with significant better survival. Researchers have begun to utilize 3D models to culture cancer cells for in vitro studies. In this work, C643 ATC cell line was cultured on polymeric scaffolds with high-interconnected porous matrix. They exhibited distinct viability, proliferation and 3D morphology similar to an in vivo solid tumor mass. We also carried out quantitative real-time PCR experiments for monitoring Cancer Stem Cells enrichment, since they are most probably the cause of tumor resistance, reoccurrence and metastasis. The same tests were performed after cell treatment with the chemotherapic Doxorubicin. An up-regulation of the analyzed stem-cell markers confirmed the high resistance to treatment of these cell line with respect to conventional drugs. In conclusion, 3D scaffolds could be an ideal platform for studying the mechanisms that regulate ACT growth and survival and also improving novel therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Fondazione Ri.MED, via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Carfì Pavia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy; ATeN Center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- ATeN Center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine "Aldo Galluzzo", Section of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine "Aldo Galluzzo", Section of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro" (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy; ATeN Center, CHAB, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze building 18, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but very aggressive form of undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Due to its rapid rate of progression and invasive nature, ATC poses significant risks of morbidity and mortality. The cornerstone in the management of ATC remains a prompt diagnosis of the disease and timely management of complications depending on the stage of disease. Surgery continues to offer a higher chance of a cure, although not all patients are candidates for surgical management. Patients with advanced disease may be considered for palliative surgery to reduce morbidity and complications from advanced disease. With the advent of new molecular testing and improved methods of diagnosis, novel therapeutic targets have been identified. Systemic therapy (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) as well as novel immunotherapy have shown some promise in patients with targetable genetic mutations. Patients should therefore have molecular testing of their tumor-if it is unresectable-and be tested for mutations that are targetable. Mutation-targeted therapy may be effective and may result in a significant response to allow surgical intervention for exceptional responders. Overall, patients who receive all three modalities of therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy) have the highest overall survival.
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Mai JYL, Ebrahimi A, Lee A, Kanjanapan Y, Perampalam S, Connors J, Chou W, Liang X. Response to multidisciplinary therapy of metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer involving the right internal jugular vein and superior vena cava. ANZ J Surg 2020; 91:E149-E150. [PMID: 32761871 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ying Liang Mai
- General Surgery Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Radiation Oncology Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yada Kanjanapan
- Medical Oncology Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sumathy Perampalam
- Endocrinology Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - John Connors
- Radiology Department, Canberra Imaging Group, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wayne Chou
- Pathology Department, Capital Pathology, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Liang
- General Surgery Department, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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38
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Nylén C, Mechera R, Maréchal-Ross I, Tsang V, Chou A, Gill AJ, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Robinson BG, Sywak MS, Sidhu SB, Glover AR. Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082164. [PMID: 32759760 PMCID: PMC7466065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nylén
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna L1:00, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Mechera
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Maréchal-Ross
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
| | - Venessa Tsang
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Bruce G. Robinson
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark S. Sywak
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
| | - Stan B. Sidhu
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- Cancer Genetics Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Glover
- Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.N.); (R.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.B.S.)
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (I.M.-R.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (A.J.G.); (R.J.C.-B.); (B.G.R.)
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9463-1477
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Di Desidero T, Orlandi P, Gentile D, Banchi M, Alì G, Kusmic C, Armanetti P, Cayme GJ, Menichetti L, Fontanini G, Francia G, Bocci G. Pharmacological effects of vinorelbine in combination with lenvatinib in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104920. [PMID: 32461187 PMCID: PMC8011355 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare neoplasia with a poor prognosis. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed on ATC cell lines (8305C, 8505C) exposed to vinorelbine, lenvatinib, as well as to concomitant combinations. ABCB1, ABCG2 and CSF-1 mRNA expression was evaluated by real time PCR. The relative levels of pospho Akt were investigated as part of a human phospho-kinase array analysis, and CSF-1 and VEGFR-2 protein levels were measured by ELISA. The intracellular concentration of lenvatinib in ATC cells was measured by combined reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An ATC subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice was treated with vinorelbine, lenvatinib, or vinorelbine plus lenvatinib. After treatment with vinorelbine, lenvatinib, a significant antiproliferative effect in ATC cell lines was observed. The concomitant treatment of vinorelbine and lenvatinib revealed synergism for all the fractions of affected cells. A decrease in ABCB1 expression was reported in both ATC cell lines treated with the lenvatinib plus vinorelbine combination, as was an increase in the intracellular concentration of lenvatinib. The combination caused a decrease in Akt, GSK3α/β, PRAS40 and Src phosphorylation, and in both CSF-1 mRNA and protein levels. In the subcutaneous tumor model, the combination reduced the tumor volume during the treatment period. Our results establish the synergistic ATC antitumor activity of a vinorelbine and lenvatinib combination.
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Key Words
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer
- Lenvatinib
- Lenvatinib - IUPAC name: 4-[3-chloro-4-(cyclopropylcarbamoylamino)phenoxy]-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide - PubChem CID: 9823820
- Sorafenib
- Synergism
- Vinorelbine
- Vinorelbine - IUPAC namemethyl (1R, 9R, 10S, 11R, 12R, 19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(12S, 14R,)-16-ethyl-12-methoxycarbonyl-1, 10-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.0, (3), (11).0, (4), (9),]octadeca-3(11), 4, 6, 8, 15-pentaen-12-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8, 16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.0, (1), (9).0, (2), (7).0, (16), (19),]nonadeca-2, 4, 6, 13-tetraene-10-carboxylate- PubChem CID 5311497
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Di Desidero
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Orlandi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gentile
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Banchi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Alì
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Armanetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ginelle J Cayme
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Francia
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Guido Bocci
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università Di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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MacDonald L, Jenkins J, Purvis G, Lee J, Franco AT. The Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention and Prognostication. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:205-217. [PMID: 32548798 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and incidences are rising rapidly, in both pediatric and adult populations. Many thyroid tumors are successfully treated which results in low mortality rates, but there is often a significant morbidity associated with thyroid cancer treatments. For patients with tumors that are not successfully treated with surgical resection or radioactive iodine treatment, prognosis is dramatically reduced. Patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer face a very grim prognosis with a median survival of 6 months post-diagnosis. There is a critical need to identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing persistent disease and progressing to poorly differentiated or anaplastic disease. Furthermore, development of treatments associated with less morbidity would represent a significant improvement for thyroid cancer survivors. It is well established the stromal cells and components of the tumor microenvironment can drive tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Here we review the current state of what is known regarding the thyroid tumor microenvironment and how these factors may contribute to thyroid tumor pathogenesis. Study of the tumor microenvironment within thyroid cancer is a relatively new field, and more studies are needed to dissect the complex and dynamic crosstalk between thyroid tumor cells and its tumor niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Purvis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aime T Franco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Tan X, Wang P, Lou J, Zhao J. Knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 suppresses hypoxia-induced migration, invasion and glycolysis in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through regulation of miR-206 and miR-599. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32336952 PMCID: PMC7178727 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being found to play crucial roles in ATC progression. Herein, we focused on the role of nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) on ATC progression under hypoxia and underlying mechanisms governing it. METHODS The expression levels of NEAT1, miR-206 and miR-599 were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected using transwell assays. Glucose consumption and lactate production were determined using a corresponding commercial assay kit. Western blot was performed to evaluate the level of hexokinase 2 (HK2). The targeted interplays between NEAT1 and miR-206 or miR-599 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenograft model was established to observe the effect of NEAT1 on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS Our data indicated that NEAT1 was highly expressed in ATC tissues and cells, and hypoxia induced NEAT1 expression in ATC cells. NEAT1 depletion repressed ATC cell migration, invasion and glycolysis under hypoxia. Mechanistically, NEAT1 acted as a molecular sponge of miR-206 and miR-599. Moreover, the repressive effects of NEAT1 knockdown on ATC cell migration, invasion and glycolysis under hypoxia were mediated by miR-206 or miR-599. Additionally, NEAT1 knockdown weakened tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggested that a low NEAT1 expression suppressed the migration, invasion, and glycolysis in ATC cells under hypoxia at least partially through modulating miR-206 and miR-599, providing new therapeutic strategies for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Tan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1, Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1, Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1, Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
| | - Jiazheng Zhao
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No.1, Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, 310000 Zhejiang China
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Gentile D, Orlandi P, Banchi M, Bocci G. Preclinical and clinical combination therapies in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Med Oncol 2020; 37:19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-1345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lungulescu C, Croitoru VM, Lungulescu C, Croitoru A, Paul D. DURABLE RESPONSE IN A CASE OF METASTATIC ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER USING A COMBINATION OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS AND A CHECK POINT INHIBITOR. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:236-241. [PMID: 33029242 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly uncommon (less than 2% of thyroid malignancies) and aggressive type of cancer, with aggressive behavior and, therefore, exhibiting poor prognosis. ATC tumors are automatically labeled as stage IV disease regardless of standard criteria such as tumor burden or metastasis. ATC tumors require a diversified treatment approach that includes surgical resection, followed by a complete an aggressive combination of radiation and chemotherapy and/or palliative care. Despite best efforts, 1-year overall survival of patients is 20% to 40% with nearly universal mortality rate. Consequently, novel approaches (targeted therapy, immunotherapy) have been studied, alone or in combination, to improve the dire prognosis of these patients. BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic mutation found in ATC. We report the case of a 57-year-old man diagnosed with stage IVc (undifferentiated) ATC with hepatic and osseous metastases. The molecular analysis of the tumor revealed a V600E BRAF-mutation. The patient was treated with Dabrafenib and Trametinib, and achieved remission 5 weeks after starting the treatment. Subsequently, he had a thyroidectomy, and pembrolizumab was added to the two tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 9 months later he is still in remission. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining molecular information in anaplastic thyroid cancer and the urgent need of studies investigating the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and check-point inhibitors in patients with V600E BRAF- mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lungulescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Oncology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - V M Croitoru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Fundeni Clinical Institute - Medical Oncology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Lungulescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Doctoral School, Craiova, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Croitoru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Fundeni Clinical Institute - Medical Oncology, Bucharest, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - "Titu Maiorescu" University - "Acad. Nicolae Cajal" Institute of Medical Scientific Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Paul
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center - Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, United States of America
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Kim SY, Kim SM, Kim JW, Lee IJ, Jeon TJ, Chang H, Kim BW, Lee YS, Chang HS, Park CS. Survival With Lenvatinib for the Treatment of Progressive Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:599. [PMID: 32982983 PMCID: PMC7492269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Survival rates for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have not improved in the past four decades; however, preliminary clinical data indicate that lenvatinib may provide efficacy benefits for patients with ATC. This real-world study aimed to define the potential role of lenvatinib in ATC by examining the impact of treatment administered alongside existing therapies. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of Korean patients with confirmed ATC who received lenvatinib between October 2015 and February 2018. Eighteen patients were included (mean ± standard deviation age, 64.9 ± 11.1 years; 61.1% female). Six [33.3%] had resectable disease that progressed after a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and 12 [66.7%] had unresectable disease that progressed after radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Study endpoints were overall survival (OS) and change in volume of the largest tumor assessed via imaging. Results: Median OS for the 18 lenvatinib-treated patients was 230 days (range 64-839 days). Survival rates at 6 months and 1 year were 61.1 and 22.2%, respectively. Three patients (16.7%) survived beyond 1 year; 15 patients died, of whom four (26.7%) had local disease and 11 (73.3%) had distant metastasis. Two patients (11.1%) had tumor volume increases of 9-10%. The other 16 patients (88.9%) had tumor volume reductions of 2-69%. Six patients (33.3%) had tumor volume reductions ≥50%. Conclusions: In patients with ATC who had progressed on prior therapy, addition of lenvatinib could improve survival duration and reduce tumor volume. Further studies of lenvatinib in ATC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seok-Mo Kim
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Jun Won Kim
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Joo Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojin Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bup-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Dramatic Response to First Line Single Agent Pembrolizumab in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Case Rep Endocrinol 2019; 2019:9095753. [PMID: 31885948 PMCID: PMC6899289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9095753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a deadly disease with very limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need for new and efficacious drugs. Unfortunately accrual in clinical trials is problematic because of the rarity of the disease and often poor performance status at diagnosis. Recently some data have emerged suggesting a role for immunotherapy in the treatment of ATC. We describe the case of a 75-year-old patient with poor performance status and compromised airway and oesophagus at diagnosis, showing a rapid and dramatic response to first line single agent pembrolizumab. Disease progression in the brain occurred 16 months after initial diagnosis. At that time there was ongoing extracranial disease control.
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Schroader B, Kong S, Anderson S, Williamson T, Sireci A, Shields K. Current status of biomarker testing in historically rare, high-unmet-need tumors: soft tissue sarcomas and thyroid cancers. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:929-938. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1682554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheldon Kong
- US Medical Affairs, Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kasia Shields
- Oncology Medical Communications, Xcenda, LLC, Palm Harbor, FL, USA
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Geng M, Yang Y, Cao X, Dang L, Zhang T, Zhang L. Targeting CDK12-mediated transcription regulation in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:544-550. [PMID: 31615655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer, with no effective treatment available. Identification of new anti-ATC drugs represents an urgent need. In this study, we find that ATC cells are highly sensitive to THZ531, a potent inhibitor of the transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK12. Cell-based assays demonstrate that CDK12 inhibition significantly impedes cell cycle progression, induces apoptotic cell death, and impairs colony formation in ATC cells. THZ531 causes a loss of elongating RNA polymerase II and suppresses gene expression in ATC cells. An integrative analysis of gene expression profiles and super-enhancer landscape, combining with functional assays, leads to the discovery of two new ATC cancer genes, ZC3H4 and NEMP1. Furthermore, CDK12 inhibition enhances the sensitivity of ATC cells to doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy. Thus, these findings indicate that CDK12 is a potential therapeutic target for ATC treatment and its inhibition may help to overcome the chemoresistance in patients with ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lin Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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48
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Eshraghi R, Barkan GA, Pambuccian SE. Rhabdoid cells in the fine needle aspirate of a neck mass in a patient with history of melanoma: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47:1232-1236. [PMID: 31348613 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eshraghi
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Güliz A Barkan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Stefan E Pambuccian
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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49
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Rossi ED, Faquin WC, Pantanowitz L. Cytologic features of aggressive variants of follicular-derived thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 127:432-446. [PMID: 31150164 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain carcinomas of the thyroid gland behave aggressively resulting in increased patient morbidity and poor patient prognosis. The diagnosis of these aggressive thyroid cancer subtypes is sometimes challenging and subject to increased interobserver variability. This review deals with the cytological features of such tumors including aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. These malignancies fall into 2 groups based on their cytomorphology: those that exhibit distinct microscopic features (eg, nuclear findings typical of classical papillary thyroid carcinoma or marked anaplasia) and those that present with more subtle cytologic features (eg, nuclear pseudostratification, "soap bubble" nuclei, supranuclear or subnuclear cytoplasmic vacuoles, rosette-like structures, hobnail cells). We review the literature regarding these aggressive thyroid cancers and highlight important phenotypic characteristics that can be useful for their diagnosis based on fine needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Diana Rossi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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