1
|
Niedzielski P, Siwulski M, Szostek M, Budka A, Budzyńska S, Krzesłowska M, Kalač P, Mleczek M. Mineral composition variation in Boletales mushrooms-indication of soil properties and taxonomic influence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41137-41154. [PMID: 38849615 PMCID: PMC11189970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of element accumulation depends on numerous factors, where the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil seem to be very important, and the role of taxonomic rank in the accumulation of elements by mushrooms seems to be important. The aim of the study was to compare the mineral composition of 7 species belonging to Leccinum and Suillus genera, collected between 2019 and 2021 from localizations in the west-central part of Poland. The research aimed to indicate the role of selected soil parameters in stimulating/inhibiting the accumulation of elements by selected Boletales mushroom species and to answer the question about the role of species belonging to the genus as an indicator determining the specific mineral composition of fruiting bodies. Soil pH and other soil properties (granulometric composition, organic carbon, degree of organic matter decomposition) may significantly affect mushrooms' mineral composition. Mushroom species belonging to Leccinum genus exhibited the higher amount of essential major and trace elements than species of Suillus genus). It suggests that the affiliation of the studied mushroom species to a specific genus may affect their mineral composition, and the physicochemical properties of the soil may be responsible for the lack of a clear division in the efficiency of element(s) accumulation. Selected species contain high amounts of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn, while others, such as selected Suillus gravellei fruiting bodies, also contain As and Cd. The results described serve as an introduction to a broader scientific discussion and require many further studies to confirm the role of taxonomic ranks and the influence of soil characteristics on the accumulation of elements by fruiting bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Niedzielski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Siwulski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Department of Soil Science, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Budka
- Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Construction and Geoengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Budzyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krzesłowska
- Laboratory of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pavel Kalač
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of South Bohemia, 370 04, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soceanu A, Matei N, Dobrinas S, Birghila S, Popescu V, Crudu G. Metal Content in Caps and Stalks of Edible Mushrooms: Health Benefits and Risk Evaluation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2347-2356. [PMID: 37542593 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a good source of protein and phenolic compounds which provides health benefits for humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the content of eight metals, protein, and total phenolics (TPC) of 5 different species (Agaricus bisporus-white and brown mushrooms, Agaricus cupreobrunneus, Auricularia cornea, Hypsizgus tesselatus, and Pleurotus eryngii species-complex) of edible mushrooms available on the Romanian market. Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus cupreobrunneus were purchased and cultivated in Romania and the other species were cultivated in other countries (Turkey and China). The metal content determined by graphite atomic absorption spectrometry (GTAAS) varied in the order Cu > Pb > Ni > Fe > Cr > Mn > Co > Cd. Almost all the samples contained a greater quantity of metals in the stalk than in the cap. In addition, the levels of toxic metals were low. The protein content of analyzed samples ranged from 0.0926 to 0.2743%, the highest value being observed in Pleurotus eryngii species-complex mushroom. TPC of extracts increased over time but there was a variability in the concentration for each mushroom species (0.25-12.25 mg GAE/g). The investigated mushroom species possess no health risk and may be potential nutritional supplements for human diets due to their phenolic compounds, protein, and mineral content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Soceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Matei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania.
| | - Simona Dobrinas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Semaghiul Birghila
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Viorica Popescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| | - Gabriela Crudu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University From Constanta, 124 Mamaia Blvd., Constanta, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Guo Q, Zhou T, Liu L. Levels and Health Risk Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic, Methylmercury, and Heavy Metals in Edible Mushrooms Collected from Online Supermarket in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1802-1815. [PMID: 37526876 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr), total arsenic (As), inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg), and lead (Pb) were analyzed in in Agaricus blazei, Tricholoma matsutake, Pholiota nameko, agrocybe aegirit, Boletus edulis, Auricularia auricula, and Lentinus edodes collected from online supermarket in China from 2015 to 2017. The order of mean concentrations for the five heavy metals in edible mushrooms was As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg. No positive correlation was found between total As and iAs, nor between total Hg and MeHg. The contents of iAs were at a low level except for A. blazei samples. The contents of MeHg were at a low level in all test mushroom samples. And Cr, Cd, and Pb pollution were common problems in the test mushroom samples. The comprehensive factor pollution index was between 0.569 (A. auricula) and 3.056 (B. edulis). The THQ values for the five heavy metals from P. nameko, A. auricula, A. aegirit, and L. edodes samples were less than 1. The hazard index (HI) values of A. blazei, T. matsutake, and B. edulis samples for adults and children were greater than 1, indicating significant health hazard to the adults and children consumers. The cancer risk (CR) values for iAs ranged from 3.82 × 10- 6 (T. matsutake) to 8.61 × 10- 5 (A. blazei), indicating no potential carcinogenic risk to the consumers. The order for carcinogenic risk of each edible mushroom species was A. blazei > L. edodes > P. nameko > A. aegirit > A. auricula > B. edulis > T. matsutake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qiaozhen Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, China.
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Senila M, Resz MA, Senila L, Torok I. Application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) for assessing the heavy metals mobility in soil and prediction of their transfer to Russula virescens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168591. [PMID: 37972786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although edible mushrooms are considered a source of many beneficial nutrients for human, they can also represent a risk to health due to their capacity to accumulate heavy metals. In this study, the total dissolved in soil solution and labile concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe) in soil were measured and correlated with their concentrations accumulated in Russula virescens wild mushrooms. The diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique was used to measure the labile metals content in the soil (CDGT), and corroborated with the metals concentrations in soil solution (Csoln) was used to calculate an R-value, which can estimate the metals resupply from soil solid phase when they are uptake by mushroom. The DGT-labile metal concentrations decreased in the order Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Co > Ni > Cd ≅ Pb > Cr. The R-values, calculated as the ratio between CDGT and Csoln decreased in the order: Cd (0.50) > Zn (0.37) > Pb (0.33) > Cu (0.24) ≅ Ni (0.24) ≅ Co (0.23) > Mn (0.16) > Fe (0.12) > Cr (0.04). For the first time, we compared the R-values with the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in mushrooms, and it was observed that, a similar increasing trend of BAFs with the R-values exists, thus the capacity of the soil solid phase to fast re-supply metals to soil solution increases BAFs. Although the soil samples were not contaminated with heavy metals above the legislative limits, the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated in mushrooms were high enough to pose risks for humans, mainly for children, due to their Cu content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Torok
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Chen Z, Hu Y, Li G, Yao X, Cao L. Nutritional value, elemental bioaccumulation and antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of an unrecorded wild Lactarius hatsudake from Nanyue mountainous region in China. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113358. [PMID: 37803660 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
An unrecorded wild mushroom Lactarius hatsudake from Nanyue mountainous region in China was identified. Subsequently, comparative investigation on the nutritional value, elemental bioaccumulation, and antioxidant activity was performed in the fruiting body (FB) and mycelium (MY) samples of this species. It revealed that the contents of moisture (87.66 ± 0.16 g/100 g fw) and ash (6.97 ± 0.16 g/100 g dw) were significantly higher in FB, and the total carbohydrate, fat, and protein concentrations of FB were similar to those in MY. Among nutritionally important elements, FB possessed higher concentrations of potassium (37808.61 ± 1237.38 mg/kg dw), iron (470.69 ± 85.54 mg/kg dw), and zinc (136.13 ± 5.16 mg/kg dw), whereas MY was a better source of magnesium (1481.76 ± 18.03 mg/kg dw), calcium (2203.87 ± 69.61 mg/kg dw), and sodium (277.44 ± 22.93 mg/kg dw). According to the health risk estimation, FB might pose an aluminum-related health problem when a prolonged period of exposure, while MY was risk-free for consumers. The results of antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays) in FB and MY were within the range of 104.19 ± 5.70 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g to 169.50 ± 4.94 mg AAE/g, and half maximal effective concentration EC50 values ranged from 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/mL to 0.62 ± 0.05 mg/mL. The aqueous extracts of MY demonstrated a strong ABTS radical scavenging capacity with the highest AAE value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- College of Life Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- College of Nanyue, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Geqing Li
- College of Life Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yao
- College of Life Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Life Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alaimo MG, Varrica D. Platinum and Palladium Accumulation in Edible Mushroom Boletus aereus Bull. Growing in Unpolluted Soils of Sicily Region (Italy). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:914. [PMID: 37755022 PMCID: PMC10532657 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to certain metals occurs indirectly through diet. This study was conducted to determine the content of Pt and Pd in fruiting bodies of Boletus aereus Bull. collected from several wooded areas of Sicily with different substrates (sedimentary and volcanic) with limited anthropogenic influence. Determinations were performed by coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify Pt and Pd. The concentrations of investigated Pt and Pd in mushroom samples ranged from 0.31 to 3.09 ng g-1 for palladium and 0.21 to 4.22 ng g-1 for platinum. The results of the present study suggest that commonly consumed Boletus aereus mushrooms do not accumulate significant levels of Pt and Pd as demonstrated by bioconcentration factor (BCF) values, and their content is lower than in other food products. Additionally, based on the calculated daily intake rates of Pt and Pd, it can be concluded that occasional consumption of fruiting bodies of B. aereus collected in Sicily is safe. The proposed methodological approach appears to be fully adequate for the reliable quantification of Pt and Pd. The data obtained in this investigation confirm that mushrooms are probative of a significant portion of the total exposure to PGEs due to the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Alaimo
- Dipartimento Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
López AR, Barea-Sepúlveda M, Barbero GF, Ferreiro-González M, López-Castillo JG, Palma M, Espada-Bellido E. Essential Mineral Content (Fe, Mg, P, Mn, K, Ca, and Na) in Five Wild Edible Species of Lactarius Mushrooms from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco: Reference to Daily Intake. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121292. [PMID: 36547625 PMCID: PMC9781426 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom consumption has increased in recent years due to their beneficial properties to the proper functioning of the body. Within this framework, the high potential of mushrooms as a source of essential elements has been reported. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the mineral content of seven essential metals, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, Ca, and Na, in twenty samples of mushrooms of the genus Lactarius collected from various locations in southern Spain and northern Morocco, by FAAS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and ICP-OES after acid digestion. Statistics showed that K was the macronutrient found at the highest levels in all mushrooms studied. ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among the species for K, P, and Na. The multivariate study suggested that there were differences between the accumulation of the elements according to the geographic location and species. Furthermore, the intake of 300 g of fresh mushrooms of each sample covers a high percentage of the RDI, but does not meet the recommended daily intake (RDI) for any of the metals studied, except for Fe. Even considering these benefits, the consumption of mushrooms should be moderated due to the presence of toxic metals, which may pose health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Gerardo F. Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.F.B.); (E.E.-B.); Tel.: +34-956-016355 (G.F.B. & E.E.-B.)
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Gerardo López-Castillo
- Unidad de Protección de la Salud, Distrito Sanitario Granada-Metropolitano, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 18150 Gójar, Spain
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.F.B.); (E.E.-B.); Tel.: +34-956-016355 (G.F.B. & E.E.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Širić I, Kumar P, Eid EM, Bachheti A, Kos I, Bedeković D, Mioč B, Humar M. Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium Accumulation in Three Tricholoma Mushroom Species Collected from Wild Habitats of Central and Coastal Croatia. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070685. [PMID: 35887441 PMCID: PMC9317900 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the biomonitoring of cadmium (Cd) heavy metal in the three selected Tricholoma mushroom species collected from wild habitats of central and coastal Croatia. For this, mushroom (T. columbetta: n = 38, T. portentosum: n = 35, and T. terreum: n = 34) and surface soil samples were collected from nine forest localities of Croatia and analyzed for Cd concentration using inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectrometry (ICP−OES) through the acid digestion method. The findings revealed that Cd was present in Tricholoma spp. and surface soil. However, the maximum mean Cd concentration (mg/kg dry weight) was recorded in T. portentosum (cap: 0.98; stipe: 0.72), followed by T. columbetta (cap: 0.96; stipe: 0.73) and T. terreum (cap: 0.81; stipe: 0.63). The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value (>1) revealed that the selected Tricholoma spp. had the potential for Cd accumulation. Moreover, the principal component (PC) and hierarchical cluster (HC) analyses were used to derive the interactions and similarities between Cd levels Tricholoma spp. and sampling localities. The multivariate analysis suggested that central sampling localities had higher Cd levels as compared to coastal localities. However, the daily intake of metals (DIM < 0.426) and health risk index (HRI < 1) showed that there was no potential health risk associated with the consumption of selected Tricholoma spp. The findings of this study are helpful to understand the Cd accumulation behavior of wild edible Tricholoma spp. collected from Croatia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Širić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Archana Bachheti
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Ivica Kos
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Dalibor Bedeković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Boro Mioč
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (I.K.); (D.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Miha Humar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barea-Sepúlveda M, Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, Bouziane H, López-Castillo JG, Palma M, F. Barbero G. Exposure to Essential and Toxic Elements via Consumption of Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, and Russulaceae Mushrooms from Southern Spain and Northern Morocco. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:545. [PMID: 35628800 PMCID: PMC9145171 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand and interest in mushrooms, both cultivated and wild, has increased among consumers in recent years due to a better understanding of the benefits of this food. However, the ability of wild edible mushrooms to accumulate essential and toxic elements is well documented. In this study, a total of eight metallic elements and metalloids (chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)) were determined by ICP-MS in five wild edible mushroom species (Agaricus silvicola, Amanita caesarea, Boletus aereus, Boletus edulis, and Russula cyanoxantha) collected in southern Spain and northern Morocco. Overall, Zn was found to be the predominant element among the studied species, followed by Cu and Se. The multivariate analysis suggested that considerable differences exist in the uptake of the essential and toxic elements determined, linked to species-intrinsic factors. Furthermore, the highest Estimated Daily Intake of Metals (EDIM) values obtained were observed for Zn. The Health Risk Index (HRI) assessment for all the mushroom species studied showed a Hg-related cause of concern due to the frequent consumption of around 300 g of fresh mushrooms per day during the mushrooming season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barea-Sepúlveda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, CA, Spain; (M.B.-S.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.); (G.F.B.)
| | - Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, CA, Spain; (M.B.-S.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.); (G.F.B.)
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, CA, Spain; (M.B.-S.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.); (G.F.B.)
| | - Hassan Bouziane
- Laboratory of Applied Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Mhannech II, Tetouan 2121, Morocco;
| | - José Gerardo López-Castillo
- Unidad de Protección de la Salud, Distrito Sanitario Granada-Metropolitano, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, 18150 Gójar, GR, Spain;
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, CA, Spain; (M.B.-S.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.); (G.F.B.)
| | - Gerardo F. Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, CA, Spain; (M.B.-S.); (M.F.-G.); (M.P.); (G.F.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edible Mushrooms for Sustainable and Healthy Human Food: Nutritional and Medicinal Attributes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global food production faces many challenges, including climate change, a water crisis, land degradation, and desertification. These challenges require research into non-traditional sources of human foods. Edible mushrooms are considered an important next-generation healthy food source. Edible mushrooms are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components (alkaloids, lactones, polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds, sesquiterpenes, sterols, and terpenoids). Several bioactive ingredients can be extracted from edible mushrooms and incorporated into health-promoting supplements. It has been suggested that several human diseases can be treated with extracts from edible mushrooms, as these extracts have biological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, and hypo-cholesterolemic influences. The current study focuses on sustainable approaches for handling edible mushrooms and their secondary metabolites, including biofortification. Comparisons between edible and poisonous mushrooms, as well as the common species of edible mushrooms and their different bioactive ingredients, are crucial. Nutritional values and the health benefits of edible mushrooms, as well as different biomedical applications, have been also emphasized. Further research is needed to explore the economic sustainability of different medicinal mushroom bioactive compound extracts and their potential applications against emerging diseases such as COVID-19. New approaches such as nano-biofortification are also needed to supply edible mushrooms with essential nutrients and/or to increase their bioactive ingredients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pecina V, Valtera M, Drápela K, Novotný R, Vahalík P, Komendová R, Brtnický M, Juřička D. Influence of beech and spruce on potentially toxic elements-related health risk of edible mushrooms growing on unpolluted forest soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5407. [PMID: 35354891 PMCID: PMC8967844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition-related potentially toxic elements (PTEs) can contaminate mountain forest ecosystems. The influence of tree species is being increasingly recognised as an important factor in the deposition loads in forest soils. However, relevant modelling studies about the forest pollution with PTEs, concerning the tree species composition, are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) on soil and mushroom pollution and the associated health risks to define their significance for pollution modelling. Therefore, topsoil samples and samples of eight edible mushroom species were taken from 51 mature beech- and spruce-dominated stands. The results showed that forest composition had an indirect influence on the PTEs contents in the topsoil; it significantly differentiated the relationship between PTEs and soil C as the beech stands showed significantly increasing PTEs content with increasing C content. Despite the absence of soil pollution, above-limit levels of Cd and Zn were found in mushrooms. The total content of PTEs in mushrooms posed a potential health risk to consumers in 82% of the samples. The most Cd-contaminated and potentially the riskiest species for consumption was Xerocomellus pruinatus (Fr. and Hök) Šutara. The results suggest that the source of PTEs for mushrooms is not only the soil but probably also the current wet deposition. The influence of the forest type on the accumulation of PTEs in mushrooms was confirmed mainly due to the strongly divergent behaviour of Zn in beech- vs. spruce-dominated stands. The results point to the need to evaluate mushroom contamination even in the contamination-unburdened forest areas. For future modelling of PTEs pollution in forests, it is necessary to differentiate the tree species composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Pecina
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valtera
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Drápela
- Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Novotný
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vahalík
- Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Komendová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnický
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Juřička
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Árvay J, Hauptvogl M, Demková L, Harangozo Ľ, Šnirc M, Bobuľská L, Štefániková J, Kováčik A, Jakabová S, Jančo I, Kunca V, Relić D. Mercury in scarletina bolete mushroom (Neoboletus luridiformis): Intake, spatial distribution in the fruiting body, accumulation ability and health risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113235. [PMID: 35085888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we focused on two aspects of mercury (Hg) bioconcentration in the above-ground parts of Neoboletus luridiformis. In the first part, we monitored the bioconcentration potential of individual anatomical parts of a particular fruiting body and evaluated the obtained data by the spline interpolation method. In the second part, we focused on assessing the mercury content in 378 samples of N. luridiformis and associated samples of substrates from 38 localities with different levels of Hg content in Slovakia. From the obtained data of Hg content in samples of substrate and fungi, we evaluated ecological indicators (geoaccumulation index - Igeo, contamination factor - Cf a potential ecological risk - PER), bioconcentration indicators (bioconcentration factor - BCF; cap/stipe quotient - Qc/s) and health indicators (percentage of provisional tolerable weekly intake - %PTWI a target hazard quotient - THQ). Based on the Hg distribution results, the highest Hg content was found in the tubes & pores (3.86 mg/kg DW), followed by the flesh of cap (1.82 mg/kg DW). The lowest Hg content was in the stipe (1.23 mg/kg DW). The results of the BCF values indicate that the studied species can be included in the category of mercury accumulators. The results of the ecological indices representing the state of soil pollution pointed out that two localities (Malachov and Nižná Slaná) stood apart from all monitored localities and showed a state of an extremely disturbed environment. This fact was also reflected in the values of Hg content in the fruiting bodies of the studied mushroom species. In the case of the consumption of mushrooms from these localities, it can be stated that long-term and regular consumption could have a negative non-carcinogenic effect on the health of consumers. It was confirmed by the %PTWI (Malachov: 57.8%; Nižná Slaná: 53.2%) and THQ (Malachov: 1.11 Nižná Slaná: 1.02). The locality Čačín-Jelšovec is interesting from the bioconcentration characteristics point of view, where the level of environmental pollution was the lowest (Hg content in the soil was below the background value) compared to other localities, however, the THQ value was the highest (1.29).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Július Árvay
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martin Hauptvogl
- Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Demková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16, Prešov, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ľuboš Harangozo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Šnirc
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Bobuľská
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 17. Novembra 1, 081 16, Prešov, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Štefániková
- AgroBioTech - Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvia Jakabová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ivona Jančo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Vladimír Kunca
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, T.G.Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Dubravka Relić
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toxic elements and trace elements in Macrolepiota procera mushrooms from southern Spain and northern Morocco. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
14
|
Guorong Y, Xinxin L, Shuguang S, Zhumei Z, Huali W, Shude Y, Yupeng G, Xianhao C, Weihuan L. The accumulation characteristics of minerals in different edible and medicinal mushrooms. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guorong
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University
| | - Li Xinxin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University
| | | | | | - Wang Huali
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College
| | - Yang Shude
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University
| | - Ge Yupeng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University
| | | | - Li Weihuan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ivanić M, Furdek Turk M, Tkalčec Z, Fiket Ž, Mešić A. Distribution and Origin of Major, Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Wild Edible Mushrooms: Urban vs. Forest Areas. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121068. [PMID: 34947050 PMCID: PMC8706631 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the composition of major, trace, and rare earth elements in 15 different species of wild edible mushrooms and the possible effect of urban pollution on elemental uptake. The collected mushrooms include different species from the green areas of the city, exposed to urban pollution, and from the forests, with limited anthropogenic influence. Through a comprehensive approach that included the analysis of 46 elements, an attempt was made to expand knowledge about element uptake by mushroom fruiting bodies. The results showed a wide variability in the composition of mushrooms, suggesting a number of factors influencing their element uptake capacity. The data obtained do not indicate significant exposure to anthropogenic influences, regardless of sampling location. While major elements’ levels appear to be influenced more by species-specific affinities, this is not true for trace elements, whose levels presumably reflect the geochemical characteristics of the sampling site. However, the risk assessment showed that consumption of excessive amounts of the mushrooms studied, both from urban areas and from forests, may have adverse health effects.
Collapse
|
16
|
Anusiya G, Gowthama Prabu U, Yamini NV, Sivarajasekar N, Rambabu K, Bharath G, Banat F. A review of the therapeutic and biological effects of edible and wild mushrooms. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11239-11268. [PMID: 34738876 PMCID: PMC8810068 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins. In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. Both wild edible and medicinal mushrooms possess strong therapeutic and biological activities, which are evident from their in vivo and in vitro assays. The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans. Owing to the presence of the aforementioned properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a clear insight on the commercially cultivated, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms with comprehensive information on their phytochemical constituents and properties as part of food and medicine for futuristic exploitation. Future outlook and prospective challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as functional foods are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Anusiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - U Gowthama Prabu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N V Yamini
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Sivarajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sarikurkcu C, Akata I, Tepe B. Metal concentration and health risk assessment of eight Russula mushrooms collected from Kizilcahamam-Ankara, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15743-15754. [PMID: 33244695 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the essential element (Zn, Ca, K, Fe, Na, and Mg), essential trace element (Co, Mn, Cr, and Cu), and non-essential element (Pb, Ni, and Cd) contents of eight different Russula species (R. risigallina (Batsch) Sacc., R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr., R. delica Fr., R. vinosa Lindblad, R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr., R. velenovskyi Melzer & Zvára, R. turci Bres., and R. parazurea Jul. Schäff.) collected from Soguksu National Park (Turkey), which is a region away from the city center (Kizilcahamam, Ankara). In addition to the metal contents of these species, daily intake and health risk index values of the metals in question were also calculated and discussed. As a result of elemental analysis, the major elements were K (28980-58,380 mg/kg), Mg (704-1404 mg/kg), and Ca (190-1662 mg/kg). Except for R. risigallina, R. olivacea, and R. velenovskyi, elemental concentrations were within the limits that can be safely consumed as nutrients in terms of their metal content. The daily intakes of metal (DIM) values of R. risigallina and R. olivacea for Cr exceed the reference dose limits (3.80 and 3.87 μg/kg body weight/serving, respectively). According to the health risk index (HRI) measurements, the HRI values of R. risigallina and R. olivacea for Cr and of R. velenovskyi for Cd were found to be above 1.0 and could pose a health risk. In order to analyze the mineral composition variability of the studied mushroom species, principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) techniques were also performed. Regarding the significant correlations between all descriptors (r > 0.7), there was a positive relationship between Mg-K, Ni-Co, Ni-Na, Cr-Ni, Cr-Co, Zn-Mg, Zn-K, Cd-Mg couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, TR-03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis 7 Aralik University, TR-79000, Kilis, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nowakowski P, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Soroczyńska J, Puścion-Jakubik A, Mielcarek K, Borawska MH, Socha K. EVALUATION OF TOXIC ELEMENT CONTENT AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Pérez-Montes A, Rangel-Vargas E, Lorenzo JM, Romero L, Santos EM. Edible mushrooms as a novel trend in the development of healthier meat products. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Preparation and Characterization of Cinnamomum Essential Oil–Chitosan Nanocomposites: Physical, Structural, and Antioxidant Activities. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, different amounts of cinnamomum essential oil (CEO) were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) (CS-NPs) through oil-in-water emulsification and ionic gelation. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the CEO encapsulation. As observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, NP size analysis and zeta potential, the prepared CS-NPs, containing CEO (CS-CEO), were spherical with uniformly distributed sizes (diameters: 190–340 nm). The ranges of encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) were 4.6–32.9% and 0.9–10.4%, with variations in the starting weight ratio of CEO to CS from 0.11 to 0.53 (w/w). It was also found that the antioxidant activity of the CS-NPs loaded with CEO increased as the EE increased. The active ingredients of the CEO were prevented from being volatilized, significantly improving the chemical stability. The antioxidant activity of CS-CEO was higher than that of the free CEO. These results indicate the promising potential of CS-CEO as an antioxidant for food processing, and packaging applications.
Collapse
|