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Cai YJ, He JY, Yang XY, Huang W, Fu XM, Guo SQ, Yang JJ, Dong JD, Zeng HT, Wu YJ, Qin Z, Qin QW, Sun HY. Molecular characterization, expression and function analysis of Epinephelus coioides PKC-ɑ response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104646. [PMID: 36702214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) constitutes the main signal transduction pathway, and participates in the signal pathway of cell proliferation and movement in mammals. In this study, PKC-ɑ was obtained from Epinephelus coioides, an important marine fish cultivated in the coastal areas of southern China and Southeast Asia. The full length cDNA of PKC-ɑ was 3362 bp in length containing a 23 bp 5'UTR, a 1719 bp 3'UTR, and a 1620 bp open reading frame encoding 539 amino acids. It contains three conservative domains including protein kinase C conserved region 2 (C2), Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain (S_TKc) and ser/thr-type protein kinases (S_TK_X). Its mRNA can be detected in all 11 tissues examined of E. coioides, and the expression was significantly upregulated response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection, one of the important pathogens of marine fish. Upregulated E. coioides PKC-ɑ significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and SGIV-induced cell apoptosis. The results indicated that the PKC-ɑ may play an important role in pathogenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Cai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Yang He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie-Jia Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun-De Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, 510301, PR China
| | - Hai-Tian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Jun Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhou Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Kim CW, Toita R, Kang JH, Mori T, Kishimura A, Katayama Y. Protein Kinase C α-Responsive Gene Carrier for Cancer-Specific Transgene Expression and Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2530-2537. [PMID: 33890761 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of intracellular signal transduction and its abnormal activities in many cancers has potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. We recently developed a protein kinase C α (PKCα)-responsive gene carrier for cancer-specific gene delivery. Here, we demonstrate an in-depth analysis of cellular signal-responsive gene carrier and the impact of its selective transgene expression in response to malfunctioning intracellular signaling in cancer cells. We prepared a novel gene carrier consisting of a linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) main chain grafted to a cationic PKCα-specific substrate (FKKQGSFAKKK-NH2). The LPEI-peptide conjugate formed a nanosized polyplex with pDNA and mediated efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape. This polyplex also led to successful transgene expression which responded to the target PKCα in various cancer cells and exhibited a 10-100-fold higher efficiency compared to the control group. In xenograft tumor models, the LPEI-peptide conjugate promoted transgene expression showing a clear-cut response to PKCα. Furthermore, when a plasmid containing a therapeutic gene, human caspase-8 (pcDNA-hcasp8), was used, the LPEI-peptide conjugate had significant cancer-suppressive effects and extended animal survival. Collectively, these results reveal that our method has great potential for cancer-specific gene delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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Singhal SS, Horne D, Singhal J, Awasthi S, Salgia R. Activating p53 function by targeting RLIP. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188512. [PMID: 33460725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations in RLIP, p53, and PKCα represent essentially the entire spectrum of all human neoplasms. Elevated PKCα expression, failure of the cell cycle checkpoint (p53 dysfunction), and abnormal glutathione (GSH) metabolism are fundamental hallmarks of carcinogenesis and drug/radiation resistance. However, a lack of investigations into the interactions between these important regulatory nodes has fundamentally limited our understanding of carcinogenesis and the development of effective interventions for cancer prevention and therapy. Loss of p53, perhaps the most powerful tumor suppressor gene, predisposes rodents to spontaneous cancer and humans to familial, as well as acquired, cancers. Until recently, no genetic manipulation of any oncogene had been reported to abrogate spontaneous carcinogenesis in p53-/- rodent models. However, the overexpression of RLIP, a GSH-electrophile conjugate (GS-E) transporter, has been found to enhance cancer cell proliferation and confer drug/radiation resistance, whereas its depletion causes tumor regression, suggesting its importance in cancer and drug/radiation resistance. Indeed, RLIP is an essential effector of p53 that is necessary for broad cancer-promoting epigenetic remodeling. Interestingly, through a haploinsufficiency mechanism, the partial depletion of RLIP in p53-/- mice provides complete protection from neoplasia. Furthermore, RLIP-/- mice exhibit altered p53 and PKCα function, marked deficiency in clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), and almost total resistance to chemical carcinogenesis. Based on these findings, in this review, we present a novel and radical hypothesis that expands our understanding of the highly significant cross-talk between p53, PKCα, and GSH signaling by RLIP in multiple tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Xu J, Zhang W, Cui W, Shi B, Wang H. PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1676-1682. [PMID: 31094294 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1617106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a class of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that contribute to cell survival, migration, and invasion. Previous studies demonstrated that PKC participates in insulin secretion. However, the role of PKC in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that PKC is an important mediator of insulin secretion and revealed a close relationship between PKC activation and insulin secretion in INS-1E cells. Meanwhile, the presence of PKCα was found to induce TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells. TRPC1 phosphorylation levels increased by activating PKCα activity. Inhibition of PKCα activity reduced TRPC1 phosphorylation. Finally, we showed that TRPC1 could reverse the decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels and reduced insulin secretion induced by treatment with PKCα inhibitor under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, our findings indicated that TRPC1 and PKCα are involved in promoting insulin secretion and that PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- a Department of Geriatric endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- b Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Cui
- a Department of Geriatric endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- c Department of endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Huifang Wang
- a Department of Geriatric endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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Li Y, Luan C. PLCE1 Promotes the Invasion and Migration of Esophageal Cancer Cells by Up-Regulating the PKCα/NF-κB Pathway. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1159-1165. [PMID: 30450849 PMCID: PMC6240569 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect and mechanism of phospholipase C epsilon gene 1 (PLCE1) expression on esophageal cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The esophageal carcinoma cell lines Eca109 and EC9706 and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HEEC were cultured. The expression of PLCE1, protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p50/p65 homodimer in cells were comparatively analyzed. The esophageal cancer cells were divided into si-PLCE1, control siRNA (scramble), and mock groups that were transfected with specific siRNA for PLCE1, control siRNA, and blank controls, respectively. Expression of PLCE1, PKCα, p50, and p65 was detected by Western blotting. Transwell assay was used to detect migration and invasion of Eca109 and EC9706 cells. RESULTS Compared with HEEC, the expression of PLCE1, PKCα, p50, and p65 was increased in Eca109 and EC9706 cells. The expression of PLCE1 was positively correlated with the expression of PKCα and p50 (PKCα: r=0.6328, p=0.032; p50: r=0.6754, p=0.041). PKCα expression had a positive correlation with the expression of p50 and p65 (p50: r=0.9127, p=0.000; p65: r=0.9256, p=0.000). Down-regulation of PLCE1 significantly decreased the expression of PKCα and NF-κB-related proteins (p65: p=0.002, p=0.004; p50: p=0.005, p=0.009) and inhibited the migration and invasion of Eca109 and EC9706 cells. CONCLUSION PLCE1 activated NF-κB signaling by up-regulating PKCα, which could promote invasion and migration of esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunyan Luan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Milani G, Rebora P, Accordi B, Galla L, Bresolin S, Cazzaniga G, Buldini B, Mura R, Ladogana S, Giraldi E, Conter V, Te Kronnie G, Valsecchi MG, Basso G. Low PKCα expression within the MRD-HR stratum defines a new subgroup of childhood T-ALL with very poor outcome. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5234-45. [PMID: 25026300 PMCID: PMC4170630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) outcome has improved in the last decades, yet one patient in every four still relapses. Except treatment response and immunophenotype, few markers are reliably prognostic in pediatric T-ALL patients. Aiming to improve T-ALL risk stratification, we investigated a new candidate biomarker with potential prognostic relevance. A phosphoproteomic screening of 98 pediatric T-ALL samples at diagnosis had been performed using the high-throughput Reverse Phase Protein Arrays technique, which led to the identification of PKCαS657 as an activated protein with a broad variation among T-ALL samples. To evaluate PKCα potential as a prognostic biomarker, PKCα expression was analyzed using RQ-PCR in a cohort of 173 patients, representative of ALL2000-ALLR2006 AIEOP study. A threshold of PKCα expression with the highest discrimination for incidence of relapse was identified. Patients with PKCα down-regulation, compared to patients with PKCα levels above the threshold, presented a markedly increased cumulative incidence of relapse (43.8% vs. 10.9%, P<0.001), as well as a worse 4-year overall survival (66% vs. 87.9%, P=0.002) and event-free survival (53.1% vs. 85.2%, P=0.002). In particular, low PKCα expression identified cases with extremely poor outcome within the high-risk minimal residual disease (MRD) stratum, their incidence of relapse being of 69% vs. 15% in the high PKCα levels group. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for main prognostic features, PKCα proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to incidence of relapse. Very high risk patients within the high-risk MRD stratum, identified by PKCα expression, could be proposed for experimental therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Milani
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Rebora
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Galla
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldini
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Rossella Mura
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica e Patologia della Coagulazione, Ospedale Regionale per le Microcitemie, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Saverio Ladogana
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale "Casa Solievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giraldi
- U.O. Pediatria, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valentino Conter
- Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Geertruy Te Kronnie
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Laboratory of Oncohematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Italy
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Lin SC, Chen WY, Lin KY, Chen SH, Chang CC, Lin SE, Fang CL. Clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance of protein kinase cα overexpression in human gastric carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56675. [PMID: 23468872 PMCID: PMC3582558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the PKCα protein expression in gastric carcinoma, and correlated it with clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic significance of PKCα protein expression in gastric carcinoma was analyzed. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR test was applied to compare the PKCα mRNA expression in tumorous and nontumorous tissues of gastric carcinoma in ten randomly selected cases. Then PKCα protein expression was evaluated in 215 cases of gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemical method. The immunoreactivity was scored semiquantitatively as: 0 = absent; 1 = weak; 2 = moderate; and 3 = strong. All cases were further classified into two groups, namely PKCα overexpression group with score 2 or 3, and non-overexpression group with score 0 or 1. The PKCα protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Survival analysis was performed to determine the prognostic significance of PKCα protein expression in patients with gastric carcinoma. RESULTS PKCα mRNA expression was upregulated in all ten cases of gastric carcinoma via quantitative real-time PCR test. In immunohistochemical study, eighty-eight out of 215 cases (41%) of gastric carcinoma revealed PKCα protein overexpression, which was statistically correlated with age (P = 0.0073), histologic type (P<0.0001), tumor differentiation (P = 0.0110), depth of invasion (P = 0.0003), angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.0373), pathologic stage (P = 0.0047), and distant metastasis (P = 0.0048). We found no significant difference in overall and disease free survival rates between PKCα overexpression and non-overexpression groups (P = 0.0680 and 0.0587). However, PKCα protein overexpression emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio 0.632, P = 0.0415). CONCLUSIONS PKCα protein is upregulated in gastric carcinoma. PKCα protein expression is statistically correlated with age, histologic type, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, pathologic stage, and distant metastasis. The PKCα protein overexpression in patients with gastric carcinoma is a significant independent prognostic factor in multivariate Cox regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shee-Chan Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhao LJ, Xu H, Qu JW, Zhao WZ, Zhao YB, Wang JH. Modulation of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Protein Kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) with Small Interference RNA (siRNA) Agents. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:3631-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bai S, Shao JF, Wang WQ, Zhong XB, Zhao XY. Correlation between hARD1 expression and tumor differentiation in human colorectal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1585-1590. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i15.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the expression of human arrest defective 1 (hARD1) in human colorectal carcinoma and to analyze its relationship with tumor differentiation.
METHODS: A total of 98 colorectal carcinoma samples (including 30 cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 27 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 31 cases of lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 10 cases of mucous adenoma) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming medical College and used in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect hARD1 expression in the above tissue samples.
RESULTS: hARD1 was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma (78.57%), moderately or lowly in adenoma (33.33%), and hardly found in normal colorectal tissue (0%). hARD1 expression was significantly higher in well differentiated adenocarcinoma than in moderately and lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma than in lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), and in adenocarcinoma than in mucous adenoma (P< 0.05).
CONCLUSION: hARD1 expression was high in colorectal carcinoma, and differential expression of hARD1 was detected among colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and normal colorectal tissue. hARD1 expression was related to tumor differentiation in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Wang CY, Lin YW, Yang JL. Activation of protein kinase Calpha signaling prevents cytotoxicity and mutagenicity following lead acetate in CL3 human lung cancer cells. Toxicology 2008; 250:55-61. [PMID: 18590793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is sensitive signaling transducers in response to lead acetate (Pb) that could transmit phosphorylation cascade for proliferation and de-differentiation of neural cells. However, little is known as to the impact of PKC on Pb genotoxicity. Here we investigate whether Pb activates the conventional/classical subfamily of PKC (cPKC) signaling to affect cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in CL3 human non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma cells. Pb specifically promoted membrane localization of the alpha isoform of PKC in CL3 cells. Pb also elicited Raf-1 activation as measured by the induction of phospho-Raf-1S338 and the dissociation from the Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein. Inhibition of cPKC activity using Gö6976 or depletion of PKCalpha by introducing specific small interfering RNA blocked the induction of phospho-Raf-1S338, phospho-MKK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in cells exposed to Pb. Intriguingly, declining PKCalpha enhanced the Pb cytotoxicity and revealed the Pb mutagenicity at the hprt gene. The results suggest that PKCalpha is obligatory for activation of the Raf-1-MKK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling module and plays a defensive role against cytotoxicity and mutagenicity following Pb exposure. Results obtained in this study also support our previous report showing that ERK1/2 activity is involved in preventing Pb genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Wang
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Abstract
The aim of our group is to identify PKC (protein kinase C) in vivo function by analysing individual PKC knockouts we have generated over the past few years. The general approach we are using to identify target tissues and/or defined cell populations within the mouse for further investigation is a detailed expression analysis of individual PKC isoforms. For these purposes, we have established several specific tools in the past that allow us to follow up isoform-specific PKC expression on a very precise level. Doing so, we have started to investigate PKC expression profiles under various tumour conditions in mice. As predicted, we were able to identify various PKC isoforms to be either up- or down-regulated during the development and progression of certain tumours, implying that these isoforms are substantially linked to the biology of these tumours. In order to prove this hypothesis, we then crossed relevant PKC knockout lines on the appropriate tumour background and analysed tumour growth and progression under PKC-deficient conditions. Exemplary of this approach, recent data generated with PKCalpha-deficient APC(Min) (adenomatous polyposis coli) mice identify PKCalpha in this system acting as a tumour suppressor instead of being a promoter as suggested from PMA data.
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Oster H, Leitges M. Protein kinase C alpha but not PKCzeta suppresses intestinal tumor formation in ApcMin/+ mice. Cancer Res 2006; 66:6955-63. [PMID: 16849539 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases play key regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation. Of the 11 mammalian PKC isoforms known, several have been implicated in tumor development and progression. However, in most cases, isotype specificity is poorly defined, and even contrary functions for a single PKC have been reported mostly because appropriate molecular and genetic tools were missing to specifically assess the contribution of single PKC isoforms in vivo. In this report, we therefore used PKC genetic targeting to study the role of PKCalpha and PKCzeta in colorectal cancer. Both isoforms were found to be strongly down-regulated in intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice. A deletion of PKCzeta did not affect tumorigenesis in this animal model. In contrast, PKCalpha-deficient ApcMin/+ mice developed more aggressive tumors and died significantly earlier than their PKCalpha-proficient littermates. Even without an additional Apc mutation, PKCalpha knockout mice showed an elevated tendency to develop spontaneous intestinal tumors. Transcriptional profiling revealed a role for this kinase in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and proposed a synergistic mechanism for EGFR/activator protein and WNT/APC pathways in mediating intestinal tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Despite significant advances that have been made in recent years, there is still an urgent need for novel, more effective and less toxic therapeutics for human cancer. Among many new molecular therapeutics being explored for cancer therapy, antisense oligonucleotides are a promising nucleic acid-based approach, with numerous antisense agents being evaluated in preclinical studies and several anticancer antisense drugs in clinical trials. Although there are still a few problems facing the development of antisense strategies for cancer therapy, with progress made in chemical modifications, target selection and drug delivery systems, antisense oligonucleotides are emerging as a novel approach to cancer therapy used alone or in combination with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rose Rayburn
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VH 113, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Singhal SS, Yadav S, Singhal J, Awasthi YC, Awasthi S. Mitogenic and drug-resistance mediating effects of PKCalpha require RLIP76. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:722-7. [PMID: 16890208 PMCID: PMC2916682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PKCalpha-activation is a key signaling event governing cell growth, stress-resistance, and drug-resistance. Our recent studies demonstrated that DOX-resistance mediating effects of PKCalpha require the presence of RLIP76, and their concerted action is sufficient to explain intrinsic DOX-resistance of NSCLC [S.S. Singhal, D. Wickramarachchi, J. Singhal, S. Yadav, Y.C. Awasthi, et al., Determinants of differential doxorubicin sensitivity between SCLC and NSCLC. FEBS Lett. 580 (2006) 2258-2264]. Present studies were carried out to further explore the suggestion from the previous studies that the mitogenic effects of PKCalpha also require RLIP76. RLIP76-/- MEFs were resistant to PKCalpha-depletion mediated growth inhibition, as well as to the PKCalpha-dependent mitogen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Augmenting cellular levels of RLIP76 using purified recombinant RLIP76 increased growth rate in all cells, and restored the sensitivity of RLIP76-/- MEFs to both inhibition through PKCalpha-depletion and stimulation through PMA. These results show that RLIP76 is a necessary down-stream effector for PKCalpha-mediated mitogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S. Singhal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Sushma Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - Yogesh C. Awasthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-0647, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 817 272 3808. (S. Awasthi)
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15
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Chang JT, Lu YC, Chen YJ, Tseng CP, Chen YL, Fang CW, Cheng AJ. hTERT phosphorylation by PKC is essential for telomerase holoprotein integrity and enzyme activity in head neck cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:870-8. [PMID: 16508638 PMCID: PMC2361368 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity is suppressed in normal somatic tissues but is activated in most cancer cells. We have previously found that all six telomerase subunit proteins, including hTERT and hsp90 are needed for full enzyme activity. Telomerase activity has been reported to be upregulated by protein kinase C (PKC), but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we examined how PKC regulates telomerase activity in head and neck cancer cells. PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (BIS), inhibited telomerase activity but had no effect on the expressions of telomerase core subunits. RNA interference (RNAi) and in vitro phosphorylation studies revealed that PKC isoforms α, β, δ, ε, ζ specifically involved in telomerase regulation, and the phosphorylation target was on hTERT. Treatment with the hsp-90 inhibitor novobiocin dissociated hsp90 and hTERT as revealed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis and reduced telomerase activity. Treatment with the PKC activator SC-10 restored the association of hsp90 and hTERT and reactivate telomerase, suggesting that hTERT phosphorylation by PKC is essential for telomerase holoenzyme integrity and function. Analysis on clinical normal and tumour tissues reveal that the expressions of PKC α, β, δ, ε, ζ were higher in the tumour tissues, correlated with telomerase activity. Disruption of PKC phosphorylation by BIS significantly increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin. In conclusion, PKC isoenzymes α, β, δ, ε, ζ regulate telomerase activity in head and neck cancer cells by phosphorylating hTERT. This phosphorylation is essential for telomerase holoenzyme assembly, leading to telomerase activation and oncogenesis. Manipulation of telomerase activity by PKC inhibitors is worth exploring as an adjuvant therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - C-P Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - C-W Fang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - A-J Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. E-mail:
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16
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Lahn M, Sundell K, Köhler G. The role of protein kinase C-alpha in hematologic malignancies. Acta Haematol 2006; 115:1-8. [PMID: 16424642 DOI: 10.1159/000089458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years advances in histopathological and molecular understanding of hematologic malignancies have led to the development of drugs which selectively target proteins associated with hematologic tumorigenesis. One such targeted agent is the antisense oligonucleotide aprinocarsen, which specifically inhibits the signaling protein, protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha). Although PKC-alpha has been associated with tumorigenesis, its role and expression levels in patients with hematologic malignancies are not well understood. We here review studies investigating the expression and role of PKC-alpha in hematologic malignancies. Such a review may offer new insights on how to develop strategies in identifying patients that might best benefit from PKC-alpha inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lahn
- Division of Oncology Product Development, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Zhu Y, Dong Q, Tan BJ, Lim WG, Zhou S, Duan W. The PKCalpha-D294G mutant found in pituitary and thyroid tumors fails to transduce extracellular signals. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4520-4. [PMID: 15930268 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and is one of the drug targets of anticancer therapy. Recently, a single point mutation (D294G) in PKCalpha has been found in pituitary and thyroid tumors with more invasive phenotype. Although the PKCalpha-D294G mutant is implicated in the progression of endocrine tumors, no apparent biochemical/cell biological abnormalities underlying tumorigenesis with this mutant have been found. We report here that the PKCalpha-D294G mutant is unable to bind to cellular membranes tightly despite the fact that it translocates to the membrane as efficiently as the wild-type PKCalpha upon treatment of phorbol ester. The impaired membrane binding is associated with this mutant's inability to transduce several antitumorigenic signals as it fails to mediate phorbol ester-stimulated translocation of myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS), to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase and to augment melatonin-stimulated neurite outgrowth. Thus, the PKCalpha-D294G is a loss-of-function mutation. We propose that the wild-type PKCalpha may play important antitumorigenic roles in the progression of endocrine tumors. Therefore, developing selective activators instead of inhibitors of PKCalpha might provide effective pharmacological interventions for the treatment of certain endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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N/A, 王 梅, 李 永, 王 雅, 薛 春, 高 伟. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:1602-1606. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i13.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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