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Chen P, Mu Y, Xie Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li M, Liang J, Zhu J. Trends of Large for Gestational Age and Macrosomia and Their Mediating Effect on the Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and Obstetric Hemorrhage. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2025:e70000. [PMID: 39956972 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 12/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia in China from 2012 to 2021 and explore if LGA and macrosomia mediate the relationship between diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (DIP) and obstetric haemorrhage. The overall annual change rate (ACR) was calculated, and stratification analysis was performed. Mediation analysis assessed the influence of LGA and macrosomia in the association between DIP and obstetric haemorrhage. The nationwide prevalence of LGA and macrosomia was 15.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The ACR for LGA was 0.71% (95% CI, 0.66%-0.76%); pre-2016, -0.44% (95% CI, -0.63% to -0.25%); post-2016, -0.29% (95% CI, -0.39% to -0.19%). The ACR for macrosomia was -1.17% (95% CI, -1.24% to -1.09%); pre-2016, -0.73% (95% CI, -1.03% to -0.43%); post-2016, -2.42% (95% CI, -2.59% to -2.26%). In western and rural area, the ACR for LGA was 1.94% (95% CI, 1.84%-2.05%) and 1.81% (95% CI, 1.73%-1.89%), and LGA was increasing among these women in the post-2016 period. About 7.0% of pregnant women had DIP, and the LGA and macrosomia prevalences among women with DIP were 23.7% and 10.0%, respectively. In the mediation analysis, the total excess risk associated with DIP on obstetric haemorrhage was approximately 0.21 and the proportion mediated by LGA and macrosomia was 12.10% and 11.81%, respectively. In rural areas, the proportion mediated by LGA and macrosomia was amplified to 18.34% and 16.40%. Macrosomia rates declined steadily, but LGA rates increased slightly in disadvantaged areas. LGA and macrosomia mediated the association between DIP and obstetric haemorrhage, and the mediating effect intensified in rural regions. Addressing LGA warrants management for at-risk fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Mu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanxia Xie
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingrong Li
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liang
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Adeoye IA, Fakorede JI, Salawu MM, Adediran KI. Associations of macrosomia with sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle factors and perinatal outcomes in Southwest Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2025; 25:61. [PMID: 39856584 PMCID: PMC11761203 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-025-05397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, macrosomia contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low-and middle-income countries because of changes in maternal lifestyle. Reliable data are needed for its prevention, early detection, and management. This study assessed the associations between sociodemographic, anthropometric, maternal lifestyle, perinatal outcomes, and macrosomia in Southwest Nigeria. METHODS We used the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study (IbPCS) data, which investigated maternal obesity, lifestyle factors and the associated pregnancy outcomes among 1745 antenatal care attendees in Southwest Nigeria. This study examined the 1200 women who were not lost to follow-up, had health facility deliveries and the infants' birthweight records. Outcome variables were macrosomia (birthweight ≥ 4 kg) and perinatal outcomes. Explanatory variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric, and maternal lifestyle factors. Maternal blood glucose and lipids were assessed between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation. Bivariate and multiple logistic and Poisson regression analyses examined the associations at a 5% level of statistical significance. RESULTS The prevalence of macrosomia was 72 (6%) [95% CI: 4.66-7.35]. On bivariate analysis parity (p = 0.009), maternal age (p = 0.012), history of macrosomia (0.021), consumption of protein-rich diets with non-alcoholic beverages (p = 0.021), sex of infants (p = 0.018), and engagement in physical activity (p = 0.036) were significantly associated with macrosomia. The mean maternal glucose levels were significantly higher among mothers with macrosomic babies compared with those without macrosomia: FPG: 4.72 ± 2.32 vs. 4.32 ± 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.035), 1-hour plasma glucose: 8.80 ± 3.77 vs. 6.97 ± 1.93 mmol/l (p < 0.001), 2-hour plasma glucose: 7.16 ± 3.20 vs. 6.25 ± 1.73 mmol/l (p = 0.008). The predictors of macrosomia include a history of macrosomia [AOR = 2.057, 95% CI: 1.009-4.191), maternal obesity [AOR = 1.883, 95% CI: 1.027-3.451], and male infants [AOR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.016-3.357) were more likely to have macrosomia compared to female infants. Furthermore, Emergency Cesarean section was a significant outcome of macrosomia [RR = 1.675, 95% CI: 1.068-2.627]. CONCLUSIONS Macrosomia was common among our study population. This study identified common modifiable risk factors for foetal macrosomia, its mechanistic pathways and suggested prevention and control strategies for macrosomia among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeola A Adeoye
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Joshua I Fakorede
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji M Salawu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kofoworola I Adediran
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Suhaimi MA, Zheng Y, You H, Su Y, Williams GJ, Gupta MP, Du W, Hua J. Association between postterm birth and adverse growth outcomes in children aged 3-6 years: A national retrospective cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2025; 39:30-40. [PMID: 39297305 PMCID: PMC11781517 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational age significantly influences children's growth and development. Yet, the effect of postterm birth (gestation beyond 42 weeks) on children's growth outcomes remains underexplored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the impact of postterm birth on adverse growth outcomes in children using a nationally representative sample from China. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in China from 1 April 2018, to 31 December 2019. The final analysis included 141,002 children aged 3-6 years from 551 cities. Postterm birth was defined as children with postterm birth at a gestational age of 42 weeks or more. Obesity, overweight and thinness were assessed using body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) z-scores, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. Generalised additive models were employed to investigate the non-linear relationship between maternal gestational age and BMI-for-age z scores. Poisson regression models and subgroup analyses with forest plots were performed to examine the associations between postterm birth and the risks of obesity, overweight and thinness in children. RESULTS We included 141,002 mother-child pairs, of whom 7314 (5.2%) children were classified as postterm births. There exists a non-linear relationship between gestational age and BMI-for-age z scores. Children born postterm exhibited a 46% increased risk of obesity, a 27% increased risk of combined overweight/obesity and a 13% increased risk of thinness. Similar associations were observed in most cases when further sensitivity and subgroup analysis were conducted. CONCLUSIONS Postterm birth was associated with elevated risks of obesity, overweight and thinness in children aged 3-6 years, independent of sex. These findings underscore the importance of further research across diverse populations to understand the implications of postterm births on child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marini Ahmad Suhaimi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- NTU PsychologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Yingyan Zheng
- Department of Scientific Research, National Children's Medical CenterChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haizhen You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuantao Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Manish Prasad Gupta
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenchong Du
- NTU PsychologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Jing Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Sgayer I, Nskovica K, Murkhovskyi I, Shqara RA, Bilyk A, Lowenstein L, Wolf MF. The Impact on Birth Outcomes of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation in Neonatal Macrosomia. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:2271-2277. [PMID: 38698595 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the association between sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with neonatal macrosomia. STUDY DESIGN This study, conducted at a tertiary university-affiliated hospital from 2017 to 2021, compared obstetrical and neonatal outcomes between two groups of women who delivered macrosomic newborns (actual birth weight ≥ 4,000 g): (1) those with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (suspected impending macrosomia) and (2) those with EFW < 3,800 g (unsuspected impending macrosomia). RESULTS During the study period, 854 women with neonatal macrosomia attempted vaginal delivery. Only 9.2% had a sonographic EFW ≥ 4,000 g. Among women with EFW ≥3,800 g (n = 317) compared with EFW < 3,800 g (n = 537), the cesarean delivery (CD) rate was higher (17.0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.004) and the operative delivery rate was lower (3.2 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.015). Among primiparous women, the CD rate was higher among those with EFW ≥ 3,800 versus <3,800 g (37.3 vs. 23.2%, p = 0.033). EFW ≥3,800 g was associated with CD, regardless of predelivery body mass index, parity, diabetes mellitus, maximal fetal weight at previous deliveries, actual birth weight, and labor induction (p = 0.014). EFW ≥3,800 g and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of CD. Among women with EFW ≥3,800 g and diabetes mellitus, the risk of CD was double that of those without diabetes and with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (31.4% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.02), although their actual birth weights were similar. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were similar between those with sonographic EFW ≥3,800 and < 3,800 g. CONCLUSION Larger EFW increased CD risk among pregnancies with actual neonatal macrosomia. Antenatally suspected macrosomia might alter labor management due to concerns for potential complications, especially when associated with primiparity, diabetes mellitus, or maternal obesity. The increase in the CD rate did not show an association with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. KEY POINTS · Antenatally suspected macrosomia might alter labor management due to concerns about complications.. · Larger EFW increased cesarean delivery risk among pregnancies with actual neonatal macrosomia.. · The increase in the cesarean delivery rate was not associated with improved outcomes..
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Affiliation(s)
- Inshirah Sgayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Karina Nskovica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Iuliia Murkhovskyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Raneen Abu Shqara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Artyom Bilyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Lior Lowenstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maya Frank Wolf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Mao K, Gao Y, Li S, Chi L. A retrospective cohort study on the influencing factors for macrosomia in singleton pregnancies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e34743. [PMID: 38489679 PMCID: PMC10939691 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the influencing factors of singletons with macrosomia, and to develop interventions for the prevention of macrosomia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 26,379 pregnant women who established the Maternal and Child Health Record and gave birth from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 in a community health service center in Haidian district, Beijing. The study analyzed factors such as maternal age, ethnicity, education level, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, folic acid supplementation, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hyper, hypothyroidism in pregnancy (including subhypothyroidism), hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, and infant gender. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test, and multivariate analysis was performed using non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 26,379 live births, 5.8% (1522/26,379) were macrosomia and 94.2% (24,857/26,379) were non-macrosomia. Univariate analysis revealed that maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, education level, parity, hypothyroidism during pregnancy, and infant gender were identified as influencing factors for macrosomia (P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that maternal age ≥ 35 years, education level of high school or below, pre-pregnancy BMI, hypothyroidism, male infant, and parity were all influencing factors for macrosomia (P < .05). Prepregnancy overweight or obesity, male infants, multiparity, and low education level are risk factors for macrosomia. Multiple factors can contribute to macrosomia, and therefore, maternal health care should be strengthened, and early interventions should be taken for the above-mentioned factors in the local area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangna Mao
- Research and Education Division, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Li Lab, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, GA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Research and Education Division, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Chi
- Research and Education Division, Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Calcaterra V, Mannarino S, Garella V, Rossi V, Biganzoli EM, Zuccotti G. Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatrics: A Dynamic Process during the First 1000 Days of Life. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:636-659. [PMID: 37987283 PMCID: PMC10661305 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The early childhood period, encompassing prenatal and early stages, assumes a pivotal role in shaping cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a narrative review, presenting a non-systematic summation and analysis of the available literature, focusing on cardiovascular risk from prenatal development to the first 1000 days of life. Elements such as maternal health, genetic predisposition, inadequate fetal nutrition, and rapid postnatal growth contribute to this risk. Specifically, maternal obesity and antibiotic use during pregnancy can influence transgenerational risk factors. Conditions at birth, such as fetal growth restriction and low birth weight, set the stage for potential cardiovascular challenges. To consider cardiovascular risk in early childhood as a dynamic process is useful when adopting a personalized prevention for future healthcare and providing recommendations for management throughout their journey from infancy to early adulthood. A comprehensive approach is paramount in addressing early childhood cardiovascular risks. By targeting critical periods and implementing preventive strategies, healthcare professionals and policymakers can pave the way for improved cardiovascular outcomes. Investing in children's health during their early years holds the key to alleviating the burden of cardiovascular diseases for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Savina Mannarino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Garella
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Mario Biganzoli
- Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Lin L, Wu J, Xu L, Fang J, Lin J. Maternal body mass index and risk of fetal overgrowth in women with gestational diabetes Mellitus in Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:121. [PMID: 37291681 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) changes and large for gestational age (LGA) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS A retrospective cohort study including 10,486 women with GDM was conducted. A dose‒response analysis of BMI changes and the occurrence of LGA was performed. Binary logistic regressions were performed to assess crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to assess the ability of BMI changes to predict LGA. RESULTS The probability of LGA increased with increasing BMI. The risk of LGA increased across the BMI change quartiles. The BMI change remained positively associated with the risk of LGAafter stratification analysis. The AUC was 0.570 (95% CI: 0.557 ~ 0.584)in the entire study population, and the best optimal predictive cut-off value was 4.922, with a sensitivity of 0.622 and a specificity of 0.486. The best optimal predictive cut-off value decreased from the underweight group to the overweight and obese group. CONCLUSIONS BMI changes are related to the risk of LGA and may be a useful predictor of the incidence of LGA in singleton pregnant women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- Department of Healthcare, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Libo Xu
- Department of Computer center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianqi Fang
- Department of women's health care, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
| | - Juan Lin
- Department of women's health care, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
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Ahmed A, Rosella LC, Oskoui M, Watson T, Yang S. In utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study. Epidemiology 2023; 34:247-258. [PMID: 36722807 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the effects of in utero exposure to maternal diabetes on cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring is limited. We aimed to examine the effects of pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) separately on CP risk and the mediating role of increased fetal size. METHODS In a population-based study, we included all live births in Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2017 followed up through 2018 (n = 2,110,177). Using administrative health data, we estimated crude and adjusted associations between PGDM or GDM and CP using Cox proportional hazards models to account for unequal follow-up in children. For the mediation analysis, we used marginal structural models to estimate the controlled direct effect of PGDM (and GDM) on the risk of CP not mediated by large-for-gestational age (LGA). RESULTS During the study period, 5,317 children were diagnosed with CP (187 exposed to PGDM and 171 exposed to GDM). Children of mothers with PGDM showed an increased risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.14]) after adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We found no associations between GDM and CP (adjusted HR: 0.91 [0.77, 1.06]). Our mediation analysis estimated that LGA explained 14% of the PDGM-CP association. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based birth cohort study, maternal pregestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of CP, and the increased risk was not substantially mediated by the increased fetal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute (RI-MUHC), Child Health and Human Development Program, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Watson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seungmi Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Du Y, Rafferty AR, McAuliffe FM, Mehegan J, Mooney C. Towards an explainable clinical decision support system for large-for-gestational-age births. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281821. [PMID: 36809384 PMCID: PMC9942967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A myriad of maternal and neonatal complications can result from delivery of a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant. LGA birth rates have increased in many countries since the late 20th century, partially due to a rise in maternal body mass index, which is associated with LGA risk. The objective of the current study was to develop LGA prediction models for women with overweight and obesity for the purpose of clinical decision support in a clinical setting. Maternal characteristics, serum biomarkers and fetal anatomy scan measurements for 465 pregnant women with overweight and obesity before and at approximately 21 weeks gestation were obtained from the PEARS (Pregnancy Exercise and Nutrition with smart phone application support) study data. Random forest, support vector machine, adaptive boosting and extreme gradient boosting algorithms were applied with synthetic minority over-sampling technique to develop probabilistic prediction models. Two models were developed for use in different settings: a clinical setting for white women (AUC-ROC of 0.75); and a clinical setting for women of all ethnicity and regions (AUC-ROC of 0.57). Maternal age, mid upper arm circumference, white cell count at the first antenatal visit, fetal biometry and gestational age at fetal anatomy scan were found to be important predictors of LGA. Pobal HP deprivation index and fetal biometry centiles, which are population-specific, are also important. Moreover, we explained our models with Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) to improve explainability, which was proven effective by case studies. Our explainable models can effectively predict the probability of an LGA birth for women with overweight and obesity, and are anticipated to be useful to support clinical decision-making and for the development of early pregnancy intervention strategies to reduce pregnancy complications related to LGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Du
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony R. Rafferty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Mooney
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Fan X, Dai J, He J, Tian R, Xu J, Song J, Bai J, Liu Y, Zou Z, Chen X. Optimal gestational weight gain in Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A large retrospective cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:182-193. [PMID: 36184564 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the Chinese-specific body mass index (BMI) classification. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2017-2020 data from pregnant women with GDM in a tertiary hospital. A quadratic function model and the total predicted probability of adverse pregnancy outcomes were developed to obtain the optimal GWG. Differences in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between our optimal GWG recommendations and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 GWG guidelines were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 8103 pregnant women with GDM were analyzed. Based on the Chinese-specific BMI classification, the optimal GWG range was 11.0-17.5 kg for underweight women, 3.7-9.7 kg for normal-weight women, -0.6 to 4.8 kg for overweight women, and - 9.8 to 4.2 kg for obese women. Excessive GWG had a higher risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.42-3.70), macrosomia (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.77-3.12), pre-eclampsia (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.37-2.65), gestational hypertension (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24-2.19), cesarean section (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.15-1.44), postpartum hemorrhage (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02-1.64); insufficient GWG had a higher risk of small for gestational age (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.20-2.75). Compared to the IOM 2009 GWG guidelines, the prevalence of macrosomia, LGA, and postpartum hemorrhage were significantly lower in pregnant women following the implementation of our recommended GWG range (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the IOM 2009 GWG recommendations, our optimal GWG recommendations for Chinese pregnant women were more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Fan
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiamiao Dai
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing He
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixue Tian
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingqi Xu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayang Song
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijie Zou
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Song X, Chen L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wei J, Wang T, Qin J. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and High Triglyceride Levels Mediate the Association between Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Macrosomia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Central China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163347. [PMID: 36014853 PMCID: PMC9413229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the link between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and risk of macrosomia is mediated by both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels. This prospective study finally included 29,415 singleton term pregnancies. The outcome of interest was macrosomia (≥4000 g). High mTG levels were denoted as values ≥90th percentile. GDM was diagnosed using a standard 75 g 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. The mediation analysis was conducted using log-binomial regression while controlling for maternal age, education, parity, gestational weight gain, gestational hypertension, smoking, drinking and infant sex. Overall, 15.9% of pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM, and 4.3% were macrosomia. Mediation analysis suggested that overweight had a total effect of 0.009 (95% CI, 0.006–0.013) on macrosomia, with a direct effect of 0.008 (95% CI, 0.004–0.012) and an indirect effect of 0.001 (95% CI, 0.001–0.002), with an estimated proportion of 11.1% mediated by GDM and high mTG levels together. Furthermore, we also discovered a total effect of obesity on macrosomia of 0.038 (95% CI, 0.030–0.047), consisting of a direct effect of 0.037 (95% CI, 0.028–0.045) and an indirect effect of 0.002 (95% CI, 0.001–0.002), with an estimated proportion of 5.3% mediated by GDM and high mTG levels combined. Both GDM and high mTG levels enhanced the risk of macrosomia independently and served as significant mediators in the relationship between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Letao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410028, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (J.Q.); Tel.: +86-15273188582 (T.W.); +86-15974269544 (J.Q.)
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410028, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (J.Q.); Tel.: +86-15273188582 (T.W.); +86-15974269544 (J.Q.)
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12
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Chung YH, Hwang IS, Jung G, Ko HS. Advanced parental age is an independent risk factor for term low birth weight and macrosomia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29846. [PMID: 35777059 PMCID: PMC9239628 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate association between parental age and the risks of term low birth weight and macrosomia. This was a retrospective cohort study using a national database including 2,245,785 term singleton live births with complete parental age data. Old parental age was defined as 35 years or older. Odd ratios (OR) for term low birth weight and macrosomia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Neonatal sex, maternal occupation, parity, nationality, age, and paternal age were significant factors of term low birth weight and macrosomia, in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, old maternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.122, 95% CI: 1.083 -1.162; and aOR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.143 - 1.189, respectively). Similarly, old paternal age (≥35 years old) showed increased odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (aOR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.058 -1.122; and aOR = 1.101, 95% CI: 1.083 - 1.119, respectively). Maternal education that lasted more than 12 years had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.792 -0.842; and OR = 0.894, 95% CI: 0.879 - 0.91, respectively). Paternal education that lasted more than 12 years also had reduced odds of term low birth weight and macrosomia (OR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.84 -0.892; and OR = 0.897, 95% CI: 0.881 - 0.913, respectively). This study suggests that not only maternal age but also paternal age are significantly associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia. In addition, parental education levels are also associated with term low birth weight and macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Hyun Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyul Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun Sun Ko, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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13
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Risk Factors for Macrosomia in Multipara: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9070935. [PMID: 35883919 PMCID: PMC9323661 DOI: 10.3390/children9070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of macrosomia has caused an enormous burden after the transition from the almost 40-year one-child policy to the universal two-child policy in 2015 and further to the three-child policy in 2021 in China. However, studies on risk factors of macrosomia in multipara under the new fertility policy in China are limited. We aim to explore the incidence and risk factors for macrosomia in multipara to provide the scientific basis for preventing macrosomia in multipara. A multi-center retrospective study was conducted among 6200 women who had two consecutive deliveries in the same hospital and their second newborn was delivered from January to October 2018 at one of 18 hospitals in 12 provinces in China. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight ≥ 4000 g. Logistic regression models were performed to analyze risk factors for macrosomia in multipara. The incidence of macrosomia in multipara was 7.6% (470/6200) and the recurrence rate of macrosomia in multipara was 27.2% (121/445). After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher prepregnancy BMI, higher gestational weight gain, history of macrosomia, a longer gestation in the subsequent pregnancy were independent risk factors of macrosomia in multipara (p < 0.05). Healthcare education and preconception consultation should be conducted for multipara patients with a history of macrosomia to promote maintaining optimal prepregnancy BMI and avoid excessive gestational weight gain to prevent macrosomia.
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14
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Min HS, Kim S, Kim S, Lee T, Kim SY, Ahn HS, Choe SA. Is limited access to obstetric services associated with adverse birth outcomes? A cross-sectional study of Korean national birth data. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056634. [PMID: 35589342 PMCID: PMC9121485 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The geographical disparity in the access to essential obstetric services is a public health issue in many countries. We explored the association between timely access to obstetric services and the individual risk of adverse birth outcomes. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional design. SETTING South Korean national birth data linked with a medical service provision database. PARTICIPANTS 1 842 718 singleton livebirths from 2014 to 2018. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm birth (PTB), post-term birth, low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia. RESULTS In the study population, 9.3% of mothers lived in districts where the Time Relevance Index (TRI) was as low as the first quartile (40.6%). Overall PTB and post-term birth rates were 5.0% and 0.1%, respectively. Among term livebirths, LBW and macrosomia occurred in 1.0% and 3.3%, respectively. When the TRI is lower, representing less access to obstetric care, the risk of macrosomia was higher (adjusted OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.20 for Q1 compared with Q4). Similarly, PTB is more likely to occur when TRI is lower (1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.10 for Q1; 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05 for Q2). There were some inverse associations between TRI and post-term birth (0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91, for Q2; 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.93, for Q3). CONCLUSIONS We observed less accessibility to obstetric service is associated with higher risks of macrosomia and PTB. This finding supports the role of obstetric service accessibility in the individual risk of adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Min
- Research Institute of Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saerom Kim
- Research Institute of Public Healthcare, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Gender and Health Research Center, People's Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulgi Kim
- Public Health Science, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Public Healthcare Policy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Preventive Medicine, Korea University-Anam Campus, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Choe
- Preventive Medicine, Korea University-Anam Campus, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Maternal Obesity in Twin Pregnancy: The Role of Nutrition to Reduce Maternal and Fetal Complications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071326. [PMID: 35405938 PMCID: PMC9003274 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more obese mothers with twin gestations. For a long time before, the responses of lymphocytes and platelets in obese women can cause a low-grade inflammation. In addition, a proper control of gestational weight gain would improve the outcomes in mothers with high pre-gestational body mass index (BMI). In women with high pre-gestational BMI and twin pregnancy, our aims were to explore the biochemical and hematological parameters and to study the rate of obstetric adverse outcomes. This was an observational and retrospective study conducted in the Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, Spain). We included 20 twin pregnancies as the lean group (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), homogeneous in the maternal age and ethnicity, and having parity with other 20 twin pregnancies as the obese group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The maternal data and maternal, fetal, obstetric, and neonatal complications were collected from the medical records. In the first and third trimester of pregnancy, the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood were assayed. In this cohort, gestational weight gain was significantly lower in the obese than lean group. In the first trimester, the hemoglobin levels in obese women (12.1 ± 0.8 g/dL) were lower than lean women (12.6 ± 0.7 g/dL; p-Value = 0.048). In addition, the tendency of glucose levels, TSH levels and platelets was to increase in obese compared to lean women. In the third trimester, the TSH levels were higher in obese (3.30 ± 1.60 mUI/L) than lean women (1.70 ± 1.00 mUI/L; p-Value = 0.009). Furthermore, there was a tendency for levels of platelets and lymphocytes to increase in obese compared to lean women. No significant differences were detected in the rate of maternal, fetal, obstetrical, and neonatal complications between the groups. The hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes and TSH levels need further investigation to understand potential subclinical inflammation in obese women. Furthermore, obese women with twin pregnancies should follow-up with a specialist nutritionist, to help them control their gestational weight gain with appropriate dietary measures.
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16
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Zheng Y, Huang M, Lu X, Xu J, Han Y, Ji J, Han Y. Association of hyperglycaemia with the placenta of GDM-induced macrosomia with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and the proliferation of trophoblast cells. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1759-1768. [PMID: 35260025 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2036969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of hyperglycaemia on placentas of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women with macrosomia and normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and uncover the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia on trophoblast cells in vitro. GDM women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI were divided into GM group (macrosomia, n = 30) and GN group (normal birth weight, n = 35). The study showed GM group had more adverse pregnancy outcomes and higher levels of gestational weight gain, blood glucose and triglyceride. After adjustment for confounding factors, just the fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c percentage were related to the incidence of GDM-induced macrosomia with normal pre-pregnancy BMI. Meanwhile, the fasting blood glucose was closely related to the placental weight and placental PCNA expression. Furthermore, the in vitro model for placenta showed that hyperglycaemia significantly promoted trophoblast cell proliferation and activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. ERK1/2 inhibitor markedly suppressed hyperglycaemia-induced trophoblastic proliferation. The fasting plasma glucose and placenta are closely related with the development of GDM-induced macrosomia with normal pre-pregnancy BMI. The mechanism may be hyperglycaemia promotes trophoblast cell proliferation via ERK1/2 signalling. It provides scientific evidence for optimising outcomes of GDM women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the strongest risk factors correlated with macrosomia. The hyperglycaemic intrauterine environment affects not only the foetus but also the placental development and function in humans and experimental rodents. However, placental abnormalities associated with maternal diabetes have been inconsistently reported, possibly because of population differences in pre-pregnancy weight, diabetes types, glycemic control or pregnancy complication, and the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia on trophoblast cells in vitro was not clearly stated.What do the results of this study add? This is the first study to identify the effect of hyperglycaemia on placentas of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women with macrosomia and normal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and uncover the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia on trophoblast cells in vitro.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Understanding placental changes in the environment of abnormal glucose metabolism which can establish the maternal-placental-foetal interface dysfunction as a potential source of adverse pregnancy outcomes is very necessary. Our study found the fasting plasma glucose and placenta are closely related with the development of GDM-induced macrosomia with normal pre-pregnancy BMI. The mechanism may be hyperglycaemia promotes trophoblast cell proliferation via ERK1/2 signalling. It provides scientific evidence for optimising outcomes of GDM women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI, and could be used for the following studies of relationship between placenta and childhood complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Menghui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Jiqin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Jinlong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Relation of maternal birthweight with early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes, and offspring macrosomia. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2022; 13:650-655. [PMID: 35000649 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how maternal birthweight is related to early pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and offspring birthweight. Females born term and singleton in Sweden between 1973 and 1995 (N = 305,893) were studied at their first pregnancy. Information regarding their birthweight, early pregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy complications was retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, as were data on their mothers and offspring. High maternal birthweights (2-3 standard deviation scores (SDS) and >3 SDS) were associated with greater odds of early pregnancy obesity, odds ratio (OR) 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-1.63) and OR 2.06 (CI 1.71-2.49), respectively. A low maternal birthweight (<2 SDS) was associated with greater odds of GDM (OR 2.49, CI 2.00-3.12). No association was found between high maternal birthweight and GDM. A maternal birthweight 2-3 SDS was associated with offspring birthweight 2-3 SDS (OR 3.83, CI 3.44-4.26), and >3 SDS (OR 3.55, CI 2.54-4.97). Corresponding ORs for a maternal birthweight >3 SDS were 5.38 (CI 4.12-7.01) and 6.98 (CI 3.57-13.65), respectively. In conclusion, a high maternal birthweight was positively associated with early pregnancy obesity and offspring macrosomia. A low, but not a high maternal birthweight, was associated with GDM.
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Yuan X, Han X, Jia C, Long W, Wang H, Yu B, Zhou J. Investigation and Application of Risk Factors of Macrosomia Based on 10,396 Chinese Pregnant Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:837816. [PMID: 35557844 PMCID: PMC9088515 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.837816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association of fetal macrosomia with maternal D-dimer and blood lipid levels, and explore whether D-dimer and blood lipids, either alone or in combination with traditional risk factors at hospital birth, could be used to predict subsequent delivery of macrosomia. METHODS From April 2016 to March 2017, 10,396 women with singleton pregnancy giving birth at around 28-41 weeks of gestation were recruited into the present study. D-dimer and blood lipid levels were measured at hospital admission; and data on birth outcomes were obtained from hospital records. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer, triglyceride and HDL-C levels were significantly associated with risk of macrosomia independent of traditional risk factors (for D-dimer: adjusted OR: 1.33, 95% CI, 1.23-1.43; for triglyceride: adjusted OR: 1.14, 95% CI, 1.05-1.23; for HDL-C: adjusted OR: 0.35, 95% CI, 0.24-0.51, all P <0.01). More importantly, incorporating D-dimer and blood lipids into the traditional model significantly increased the area under curve (AUC) for prediction of macrosomia (0.783 vs. 0.811; P <0.01). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that maternal D-dimer, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels before hospital birth could be significant and independent of risk factors of fetal macrosomia. Therefore, combining D-dimer and blood lipid levels with traditional risk factors might improve the ability to predict macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Han
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chenbo Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yu, ; Jun Zhou,
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yu, ; Jun Zhou,
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Belay DM, Bayih WA, Alemu AY, Sinshaw AE, Mekonen DK, Ayele AS, Aytenew TM, Aynew YE, Hailemichael W, Getu S, Kiros M, Andualem H, Birihan BM. Macrosomia and its predictors in pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1539-1552. [PMID: 34601758 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence of macrosomia and contributing factors among pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. METHODS The Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science electronic databases and grey literature found in online university repositories were searched for primary studies reporting the prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4 kg, irrespective of gestational age) and/or at least one determinant factor using WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria were involved. Variations across the studies were checked using the I2 statistic; funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. A weighted inverse random effect model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of macrosomia. RESULTS The overall prevalence of macrosomic newborns among pregnant women with diabetes [15.1% (95% CI: 9.0%, 21.2%)] was higher than the prevalence among non-diabetic mothers (3.9%). Maternal blood glucose level >100 mg/dl [AOR = 10.5: 95% CI: 5.9, 15.1] and >120 mg/dl [AOR = 8.8: 95% CI: 4.5, 13.0], lack of Antenatal Care (ANC) visit [AOR = 10.8: 95% CI: 6.0, 15.0], previous adverse birth outcomes and advanced maternal age [AOR = 3.5: 95% CI: 1.0, 5.9] were significantly associated with the prevalence of macrosomia at 95% CI. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of macrosomia among pregnant women with diabetes was higher than the prevalence among non-diabetic pregnant women (3.9%). Advanced maternal age, previous adverse birth outcomes, lack of ANC and uncontrolled maternal plasma glucose level were independent predictors of macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeke Mesfin Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Yeshambel Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw Sinshaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Demewoz Kefale Mekonen
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tigabu Munye Aytenew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshambaw Eshetie Aynew
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wasihun Hailemichael
- Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getu
- Hematology and Immunohematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kiros
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Andualem
- Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye Birihan
- Department of Maternity and Neonatal Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Liu Y, Guo F, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Fan J. The Interactive Effect of Prepregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Isolated Maternal Hypothyroxinemia on Macrosomia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2639-e2646. [PMID: 33720320 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) may increase the risk of macrosomia, but little is known about their potential combined effect on macrosomia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH have a synergistic effect on the risk of macrosomia. METHODS A large prospective cohort study in a Chinese population from January 2016 to December 2018 in a tertiary care center. In total, 34 930 pregnant women were included. The main outcome measure was macrosomia. RESULTS A total of 34 930 participants comprising IMH and euthyroid cases was included in this study. Prepregnancy OWO and first-trimester IMH were independently associated with an increased risk of macrosomia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.48, 95% CI 2.22, 2.78, and adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.34, 2.01, respectively). The coexistence of prepregnancy OWO and IMH was associated with macrosomia, with an adjusted OR of 5.26 (95% CI 3.9, 7.0) compared with pregnant women without either condition. The additive interaction between prepregnancy OWO and IMH was found to be significant with regard to macrosomia. CONCLUSION Prepregnancy OWO and IMH in the first trimester may synergistically increase the risk of macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulai Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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Peng Y, Fang Z, Zhang M, Li S, Li A, Zhang L, Wang X. Predicting the risk of fetal macrosomia at pregnancy in Shandong province: a case-control study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6260-6266. [PMID: 33866935 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1910662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Macrosomia is used to describe an infant born with excessively high weight, and it brings lots of unexpected risks in clinical work. Macrosomia causes considerable challenges for both physicians and pregnant women. Our objectives were to identify factors in gravida to be associated with the risk of macrosomia, to guide clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS The study assessed risk factors of macrosomia by comparison with normal birth weight neonates, and a case-control study was conducted at Shandong Provincial Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital. We followed and selected the relevant indicators of gravida who gave birth to macrosomia or normal infants, and applied statistical analysis to identify clinical indicators related to macrosomia. RESULTS Maternal blood glucose (OR 3.88 (1.07, 14.15)), history of abnormal conception (OR 18.44 (1.05, 322.89)), situation of menarche (OR 13.53 (1.28, 142.66)), and menstrual cycle of gravida (OR 13.24 (1.17, 150.24)) were significant influencing factors of macrosomia, but did not appear in the univariate analysis. Adding gestational age at delivery (OR 4.00 (1.45, 11.09)), triglyceride (OR 0.01 (<0.01, 0.40)), and MBI (OR 46.35 (2.08, >99.99)) of pregnant women, the area under the curve (AUC) curve was drawn for forecasting the risk of macrosomia, and the value of AUC was 0.9174. The triglyceride blood index of pregnant women was the only one that was inversely proportional to the probability of giving birth to macrosomic infants. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (OR 0.29 (0.12, 0.72)) and total cholesterol (OR 0.39 (0.20, 0.75)) were important factors in univariate analysis, and both of them were negative correlation factors of macrosomia. All influencing factors in multivariate analysis were selected for drawing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the value of the AUC was 0.9174. CONCLUSIONS This analysis could therefore accurately predict the risk of pregnant women who would deliver macrosomic infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenya Fang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anna Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ornoy A, Becker M, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ergaz Z. Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2965. [PMID: 33803995 PMCID: PMC7999044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the huge progress in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, we are still in the situation that both pregestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) impose an additional risk to the embryo, fetus, and course of pregnancy. PGDM may increase the rate of congenital malformations, especially cardiac, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and limbs. PGDM may interfere with fetal growth, often causing macrosomia, but in the presence of severe maternal complications, especially nephropathy, it may inhibit fetal growth. PGDM may also induce a variety of perinatal complications such as stillbirth and perinatal death, cardiomyopathy, respiratory morbidity, and perinatal asphyxia. GDM that generally develops in the second half of pregnancy induces similar but generally less severe complications. Their severity is higher with earlier onset of GDM and inversely correlated with the degree of glycemic control. Early initiation of GDM might even cause some increase in the rate of congenital malformations. Both PGDM and GDM may cause various motor and behavioral neurodevelopmental problems, including an increased incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most complications are reduced in incidence and severity with the improvement in diabetic control. Mechanisms of diabetic-induced damage in pregnancy are related to maternal and fetal hyperglycemia, enhanced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, and other, less defined, pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (Z.E.)
| | - Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (Z.E.)
| | - Zivanit Ergaz
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (Z.E.)
- Medical Center, Hadassah Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
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Abstract
Background Traditional risk factors for heart failure––coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking––only account for about 50% of cases. Thus, the identification of novel risk factors is of significant public health importance. As high birth weight infants are at increased risk for obesity and diabetes mellitus later in life, which are both risk factors for the development of heart failure, we sought to assess the association of high birth weight with incident heart failure in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Methods and Results The ARIC study is a biracial prospective community‐based investigation of 15 792 individuals aged 45 to 64 years at baseline. Study participants who were born premature or born a twin were excluded from this analysis, resulting in 9820 participants who provided either their birth weight category (low, medium, high) or exact birth weight. After adjusting for differences in demographics, risk factors, and comorbidities, compared with medium birth weight, those with high birth weight had a significantly increased risk of incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.54 [P=0.014]). The hazard for all‐cause mortality for high birth weight compared with medium birth weight was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99–1.34; P=0.06). There was no association of high birth weight with myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.84–1.34 [P=0.6]). Conclusions High birth weight was associated with a significantly increased hazard of incident heart failure independent of traditional risk factors and a trend toward an increased hazard of death. A history of high birth weight should be ascertained in young adults for primordial prevention of heart failure and in older adults for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahim Rashid
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisMO
| | - Anandita Agarwala
- Cardiovascular DivisionWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisMO
| | - Eric Novak
- Cardiovascular DivisionWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisMO
| | - David L. Brown
- Cardiovascular DivisionWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisMO
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang J, Liu C, Chen Y. Association between levels of aquaporin 3 in the placenta and adiponectin in the umbilical cord blood with gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcome. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1498-1506. [PMID: 32627013 PMCID: PMC7339817 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may have adverse pregnancy outcomes, even if their blood glucose level is well-controlled. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and adiponectin (APN) serve important roles in fetal growth and development. However, the associations of AQP3 and APN with GDM and pregnancy outcome are not known. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the expression of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical artery blood, and the association of the two factors with GDM and pregnancy outcome. The patient cohort was divided into two groups: Pregnant women with GDM; and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The expression levels of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical artery blood were detected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of AQP3 and APN with GDM and pregnancy outcome. The expression levels of AQP3 and AQP3 mRNA in the placenta of the GDM group were decreased compared with that of the NGT group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of APN in the umbilical artery blood of the GDM group was also decreased compared with that of the NGT group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the AQP3 and APN levels were negatively correlated not only with the risk of developing GDM [AQP3 odds ratio (OR)=5.00 (P<0.01); APN OR=2.98 (P=0.01)], but also with abnormal pregnancy outcome [(AQP3 OR=4.64 (P<0.01); APN OR=5.41 (P<0.01)]. The levels of AQP3 in the placenta and APN in the umbilical cord blood were associated with GDM, and the risk of GDM was increased in pregnant women with decreased AQP3 and APN levels. The AQP3 and APN levels also had an effect on pregnancy outcome. The risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes, including cesarean section, macrosomia, fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia, was increased in pregnant women with decreased AQP3 and APN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Vitner D, Bleicher I, Kadour-Peero E, Borenstein-Levin L, Kugelman A, Sagi S, Gonen R. Induction of labor versus expectant management among women with macrosomic neonates: a retrospective study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 33:1831-1839. [PMID: 30269627 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1531121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: The macrosomic fetus predisposes a variety of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Although older studies have shown no benefit in inducing women of suspected macrosomic fetuses, more updated studies show different information.Objectives: The aim of our study was to compare induction of labor versus expectant management among women with macrosomic neonates weighing more than 4000 g at term (between 37°/7 and 416/7 weeks' gestation).Study design: This was a retrospective cohort study of all live-born singleton pregnancies with macrosomic newborns who were delivered at our institution between 1 January 2000 and 1 June 2015. We compared the outcomes of induction of labor, at each gestational age (GA), between 37 and 41 weeks (study group) with ongoing pregnancy. The primary outcome was cesarean section (CS) rate. Secondary outcomes were composite maternal and neonatal outcome and birth injuries.Results: Overall, out of 3095 patients with macrosomic newborns who were included in the study, 795 women (25.7%) underwent induction of labor. The cesarean section rate was not found to be significantly different between the groups at all gestational ages, nor was the vaginal delivery rate. After adjusting for confounders, induction of labor at 40 and 41 weeks' gestation was associated with composite maternal outcome (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-2.1; aOR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.2, respectively) and composite neonatal outcome (aOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; aOR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9). Induction of labor at 40 weeks' gestation was also associated with increased risk of birth injuries (aOR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-6).Conclusions: Compared with ongoing pregnancy, induction of labor of women with macrosomic neonates between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation does not reduce the CS rate, nor does it increase the vaginal delivery rate. Moreover, induction of labor of those women beyond 39 weeks' gestation is associated with composite adverse maternal/neonatal outcome, specifically birth injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Vitner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inna Bleicher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einav Kadour-Peero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liron Borenstein-Levin
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Kugelman
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomi Sagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ron Gonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Israel Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in late pregnancy promote macrosomia prediction in normal uncomplicated pregnancy. Placenta 2020; 96:27-33. [PMID: 32560855 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the association of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) levels with the risk of macrosomia, and determine whether FDP, either alone or combined with traditional factors in late pregnancy, could be used to predict macrosomia at birth in healthy pregnancies. METHODS A total of 9464 health pregnant women with singleton pregnancy were recruited in this retrospective cohort study. Maternal plasma FDP levels at hospital admission and birth outcomes were obtained from laboratory system and hospital records, respectively. RESULTS FDP levels in late pregnancy were significant higher in women who delivered macrosomia than those who delivered infants with normal weight [median (interquartile range, IQR): 8.2 (5.8-11.9) vs. 6.6 (4.7-9.6) mg/L; P < 0.001]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FDP levels were independently associated with macrosomia risk. Pregnant women in the highest quartile of FDP had a 2.99-fold higher risk of delivering macrosomia compared with those in the lowest (adjusted OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 2.27-3.93). In addition, the incorporation of FDP into the crude prediction model significantly improved the area under curve (AUC) for predicting macrosomia (0.774 vs. 0.787; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal plasma FDP levels in late pregnancy are independently and significantly associated with risk of macrosomia. Combination of FDP levels and traditional risk factors could promote the prediction of macrosomia.
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Guo Z, Yang F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Li K, Tian Q, Hou H, Xu C, Lu Q, Ren Z, Yang X, Lv Z, Wang K, Yang X, Wu Y, Yang X. Whole-Genome Promoter Profiling of Plasma DNA Exhibits Diagnostic Value for Placenta-Origin Pregnancy Complications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901819. [PMID: 32274292 PMCID: PMC7141029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Placenta-origin pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and macrosomia (MA) are common occurrences in pregnancy, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. However, despite their frequency, there are no reliable methods for the early diagnosis of these complications. Since cfDNA is mainly derived from placental trophoblasts and maternal hematopoietic cells, it might have information for gene expression which can be used for disease prediction. Here, low coverage whole-genome sequencing on plasma DNA from 2,199 pregnancies is performed based on retrospective cohorts of 3,200 pregnant women. Read depth in the promoter regions is examined to define read-depth distribution patterns of promoters for pregnancy complications and controls. Using machine learning methods, classifiers for predicting pregnancy complications are developed. Using these classifiers, complications are successfully predicted with an accuracy of 80.3%, 78.9%, 72.1%, and 83.0% for MA, FGR, GDM, and PE, respectively. The findings suggest that promoter profiling of cfDNA may be used as a biological biomarker for predicting pregnancy complications at early gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guo
- Institute of Antibody EngineeringSchool of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of ObstetricsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of PathologyCangzhou People's HospitalCangzhou061000China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Antibody EngineeringSchool of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of ObstetricsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Hongying Hou
- Department of ObstetricsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Cailing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Qianwen Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Zhonglu Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Zenglu Lv
- Department of PathologyCangzhou People's HospitalCangzhou061000China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody EngineeringSchool of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Xuexi Yang
- Institute of Antibody EngineeringSchool of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
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Kapustin RV, Kascheeva TK, Alekseenkova EN, Shelaeva EV. Are the first-trimester levels of PAPP-A and fb-hCG predictors for obstetrical complications in diabetic pregnancy? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1113-1119. [PMID: 32228094 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1743658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (fb-hCG) in cases of diabetic pregnancy, to determine whether these biomarkers can be considered significant predictors for macrosomia, preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth in mothers with different types of pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study. Study groups were presented: type 1 DM (n = 100), type 2 DM (n = 50), and controls (n = 25). At 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 week's gestation, we recorded maternal characteristics and medical history, and performed a combined test for the detection of risk of chromosomal abnormalities. To assess the performance of the markers in the prediction of the main obstetrical complications (PE, IUGR, preterm birth, and macrosomia), receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were produced and area under the curves was calculated.Results: The study has shown that DM is associated with a high rate of perinatal complications: PE, IUGR, macrosomia, and preterm birth. The median level of PAPP-A was significantly lower in case of type 1 DM- 0.89 (inter quartile range (IQR), 0.51-1.1), and type 2 DM-0.88 (IQR, 0.42-1.15) compared to the unaffected group 1.03 (IQR, 0.96-1.12; p = .025). There were no significant differences in the fb-hCG multiples of the normal median (MoM; p = .14) between the diabetic and unaffected groups. More significant results were obtained when calculated by percentile: in diabetic pregnancies, PAPP-A and fb-hCG MoMs values were lower in the 5-10% ranges and higher in the 95% range, compared to the control group. ROC-analysis did not show any significant data that first-trimester PAPP-A and fb-hCG serum levels are predictors for PE, IUGR, macrosomia, and preterm birth.Conclusion: The routine first-trimester serum screening of fetal Down syndrome cannot be used as a tool of risk identification for PE, IUGR, macrosomia, and preterm birth in case of diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Kapustin
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana K Kascheeva
- Department of Genetics, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena N Alekseenkova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Shelaeva
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Briana DD, Fotakis C, Kontogeorgou A, Gavrili S, Georgatzi S, Zoumpoulakis P, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Early Human-Milk Metabolome in Cases of Intrauterine Growth-Restricted and Macrosomic Infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:1510-1518. [PMID: 32026505 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal fetal growth is associated with short-term and long-term metabolic dysregulation and susceptibility to obesity-related disorders. Maternal milk, the ideal source of infantile nutrition, protects from metabolic diseases in adulthood. By applying nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, this study investigated the metabolic profile of early human milk/colostrum (EHM/C) at the extremes of fetal-growth conditions, which could affect its nutritional value. METHODS From 98 mothers delivering 60 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA), 19 large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and 19 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) full-term neonates, milk samples collected on the third to fourth day post partum were examined by NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate data analysis elicited information from NMR spectra and probed to metabolic signatures of EHM/C. RESULTS LGA and IUGR EHM/C samples depicted increased content in lactose, citric acid, choline, phosphocholine, and N-acetylglutamine. AGA samples exhibited increased isoleucine and valine. Metabolic pathways involved were valine, leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-transfer RNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis models were validated. CONCLUSION This holistic metabolomics study framed an increased content of certain essential nutrients in EHM/C samples following the birth of LGA and IUGR infants prone to short- and long-term metabolic disorders, thus stressing additional benefits of early breastfeeding. Assessing the metabolic profile of EHΜ/C enables evaluation of its nutrition value, adjusted to fetal growth, and introduction of appropriate dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Kontogeorgou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Gavrili
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgatzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Alexandra" University and State Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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Johnsson IW, Ahlsson F, Gustafsson J. High birthweight was not associated with altered body composition or impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:2208-2213. [PMID: 31295357 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether a high birthweight was associated with an increased proportion of body fat or with impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood. METHODS Our cohort comprised 27 subjects with birthweights of 4500 g or more, and 27 controls with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, born at Uppsala University Hospital 1975-1979. The subjects were 34-40 years old at the time of study. Anthropometric data was collected, and data on body composition was obtained by air plethysmography and bioimpedance and was estimated with a three-compartment model. Indirect calorimetry, blood sampling for fasting insulin and glucose as well as a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were also performed. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using homoeostasis model assessment 2 and Matsuda index. RESULTS There were no differences in body mass index, body composition or insulin sensitivity between subjects with a high birthweight and controls. CONCLUSION In this cohort of adult subjects, although limited in size, those born with a moderately high birthweight did not differ from those with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, regarding body composition or glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik Ahlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jan Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Hehir MP, Burke N, Burke G, Turner MJ, Breathnach FM, Mcauliffe FM, Morrison JJ, Dornan S, Higgins J, Cotter A, Geary MP, Mcparland P, Daly S, Cody F, Dicker P, Tully E, Malone FD. Sonographic markers of fetal adiposity and risk of Cesarean delivery. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:338-343. [PMID: 30887629 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased fetal size is associated with shoulder dystocia during labor and subsequent need for assisted delivery. We sought to investigate if increased fetal adiposity diagnosed sonographically in late pregnancy is associated with increased risk of operative delivery. METHODS This secondary analysis of the Genesis Study recruited 2392 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation, in a prospective, multicenter study, to examine prenatal and intrapartum predictors of Cesarean delivery. Participants underwent ultrasound and clinical evaluation between 39 + 0 and 40 + 6 weeks' gestation. Data on fetal biometry were not revealed to patients or to their managing clinicians. A fetal adiposity composite of fetal thigh adiposity and fetal abdominal wall thickness was compiled for each infant in order to determine whether fetal adiposity > 90th centile was associated with an increased risk of Cesarean or operative vaginal delivery. RESULTS After exclusions, data were available for 2330 patients. Patients with a fetal adiposity composite > 90th centile had a higher maternal body mass index (BMI) (25 ± 5 kg/m2 vs 24 ± 4 kg/m2 ; P = 0.005), birth weight (3872 ± 417 g vs 3585 ± 401 g; P < 0.0001) and rate of induction of labor (47% (108/232) vs 40% (834/2098); P = 0.048) than did those with an adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile. Fetuses with adiposity composite > 90th centile were more likely to require Cesarean delivery than were those with adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for birth weight, maternal BMI and need for induction of labor, fetal adiposity > 90th centile remained a risk factor for Cesarean delivery (P < 0.0001). A fetal adiposity composite > 90th centile was more predictive of the need for unplanned Cesarean delivery than was an estimated fetal weight > 90th centile (odds ratio, 2.20 (95% CI, 1.65-2.94; P < 0.001) vs 1.74 (95% CI, 1.29-2.35; P < 0.001). Having an adiposity composite > 90th centile was not associated with an increased likelihood of operative vaginal delivery when compared with having an adiposity composite ≤ 90th centile (P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with increased adipose deposition are more likely to require Cesarean delivery than are those without increased adiposity. Consideration should, therefore, be given to adding fetal thigh adiposity and abdominal wall thickness to fetal sonographic assessment in late pregnancy. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Hehir
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Burke
- Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Burke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M J Turner
- University College Dublin Centre for Human Reproduction, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Coombe Women and Infants Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F M Breathnach
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F M Mcauliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J J Morrison
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - S Dornan
- Royal Jubilee Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Ireland
| | - J Higgins
- University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Cotter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - P Mcparland
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Daly
- Coombe Women and Infants Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Cody
- Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Dicker
- Epidemiology & Public Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Tully
- Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F D Malone
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Tela FG, Bezabih AM, Adhanu AK, Tekola KB. Fetal macrosomia and its associated factors among singleton live-births in private clinics in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31262264 PMCID: PMC6604312 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increased number of infants born with macrosomia globally, low birth weight infants have currently attracted more attention. Macrosomia is a growing problem in most developing countries and it directly or indirectly contributes to morbidity, mortality, and disability worldwide. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of macrosomia and its associated factors in the private clinics of Mekelle city, Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2017. METHODS An institution based cross-sectional study with a total of 309 pregnant mothers was conducted. We collected data from the pregnant mothers as well as from their medical records using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. We entered and analyzed the data using statistical package for social science (SPSS)-21 by applying binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with macrosomia. Finally, we used texts and tables to summarize the results of the study. RESULTS The prevalence of macrosomia was 19.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 14.9, 23), and the mean ± standard deviations of birth weights were 3440 ± 543 g. Macrosomia was significantly associated with: weight gain during pregnancy ≥16 kg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11, 95% CI: 3, 37), pre-pregnancy overweight (AOR = 5, 95% CI = 2, 13), pre-pregnancy obesity (AOR = 15, 95% CI = 5, 50), maternal age (AOR =2.6, 95% CI = 1.2, 5.8) and giving birth to macrosomic baby in the last pregnancy (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 7). CONCLUSION We found that prevalence of macrosomia was high, and significantly associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, maternal age and giving birth to a macrosomic baby in the last pregnancy. Hence, we recommend that emphasis should be given to maternal counseling for weight management before and during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freweini Gebrearegay Tela
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Afework Mulugeta Bezabih
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Amaha Kahsay Adhanu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kidanemariam Berhe Tekola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Hooijschuur MCE, Ghossein-Doha C, Kroon AA, De Leeuw PW, Zandbergen AAM, Van Kuijk SMJ, Spaanderman MEA. Metabolic syndrome and pre-eclampsia. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2019; 54:64-71. [PMID: 30246464 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between different pre-eclampsia (PE) phenotypes and the development of metabolic syndrome postpartum, in order to identify the subgroup of formerly pre-eclamptic women with a worse cardiovascular risk profile requiring tailored postpartum follow-up. METHODS This was a cohort study of 1102 formerly pre-eclamptic women in whom cardiovascular and cardiometabolic evaluation was performed at least 3 months postpartum. Women were divided into four subgroups based on PE resulting in delivery before 34 weeks (early-onset (EO)) or at or after 34 weeks (late onset (LO)) of gestation and whether they delivered a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as the presence of hyperinsulinemia along with two or more of: body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 ; dyslipidemia; hypertension; and microalbuminuria or proteinuria. Data were compared between groups using ANOVA after Bonferroni correction. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression to determine the association between metabolic syndrome and the four subgroups. We constructed receiver-operating characteristics curves and computed the area under the curve (AUC) to quantify the ability of different obstetric variables to distinguish between women who developed metabolic syndrome and those who did not. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in women with EO-PE and SGA (25.8%) than in those with EO-PE without SGA (14.7%) (OR 2.01 (95% CI, 1.34-3.03)) and approximately five-fold higher than in women with LO-PE with SGA (5.6%) (OR 5.85 (95% CI, 2.60-13.10)). In women with LO-PE, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between women with and those without SGA. Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of SGA, a history of EO-PE and systolic blood pressure at the time of screening are the best predictors of developing metabolic syndrome postpartum. The AUC of the model combining these three variables was 74.6% (95% CI, 70.7-78.5%). The probability of the presence of metabolic syndrome was calculated as: P = 1/(1 + e-LP ), where LP is linear predictor = -8.693 + (0.312 × SGA (yes = 1)) + (0.507 × EO-PE (yes = 1)) + (0.053 × systolic blood pressure). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of metabolic syndrome postpartum was associated more strongly with EO-PE in combination with SGA as compared with LO-PE or EO-PE without SGA. Both time of onset of PE and fetal growth affect the risk of metabolic syndrome after a pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C E Hooijschuur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ghossein-Doha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Kroon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P W De Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A A M Zandbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M J Van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M E A Spaanderman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) and GROW, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nahavandi S, Price S, Sumithran P, Ekinci EI. Exploration of the shared pathophysiological mechanisms of gestational diabetes and large for gestational age offspring. World J Diabetes 2019; 10:333-340. [PMID: 31231456 PMCID: PMC6571486 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i6.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and large for gestational age (LGA) offspring are two common pregnancy complications. Connections also exist between the two conditions, including mutual maternal risk factors for the conditions and an increased prevalence of LGA offspring amongst pregnancies affected by GDM. Thus, it is important to elucidate potential shared underlying mechanisms of both LGA and GDM. One potential mechanistic link relates to macronutrient metabolism. Indeed, derangement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is present in GDM, and maternal biomarkers of glucose and lipid control are associated with LGA neonates in such pregnancies. The aim of this paper is therefore to reflect on the existing nutritional guidelines for GDM in light of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM and LGA offspring. Lifestyle modification is first line treatment for GDM, and while there is some promise that nutritional interventions may favourably impact outcomes, there is a lack of definitive evidence that changing the macronutrient composition of the diet reduces the incidence of either GDM or LGA offspring. The quality of the available evidence is a major issue, and rigorous trials are needed to inform evidence-based treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah Price
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Repatriation Campus Heidelberg West, Melbourne, VIC 3081, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and the University of Melbourne (Austin Campus), Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Repatriation Campus Heidelberg West, Melbourne, VIC 3081, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and the University of Melbourne (Austin Campus), Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Elif Ilhan Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Repatriation Campus Heidelberg West, Melbourne, VIC 3081, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health and the University of Melbourne (Austin Campus), Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
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Cesnaite G, Domza G, Ramasauskaite D, Volochovic J. The Accuracy of 22 Fetal Weight Estimation Formulas in Diabetic Pregnancies. Fetal Diagn Ther 2019; 47:54-59. [PMID: 31195392 DOI: 10.1159/000500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of 22 fetal weight estimation formulas in diabetic pregnancies uncomplicated and complicated by fetal macrosomia. METHODS Retrospectively collected data of 317 pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and 78 cases of fetal macrosomia were used in this study. Study inclusion criteria were women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, full-term singleton pregnancy, and an interval from the ultrasound to delivery of ≤7 days. The estimated fetal weight was calculated using 22 formulas. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and two-way random interclass correlation coefficient were chosen for statistical analysis. RESULTS In the group of gestational diabetes, MAPE ranged from 8.43 ± 10.17 to 54.01 ± 9.50%. Most of the formulas showed a tendency to estimate a lower fetal weight in comparison to the actual birth weight. In the group of fetal macrosomia, the correlations were poor. Only three formulas reached the threshold of MAPE <10%. CONCLUSIONS The formula by Hsieh might be considered the best for fetal weight estimation in diabetic pregnancies. The combination of the best formulas might improve the accuracy of estimation. None of the formulas were accurate enough to predict fetal macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Cesnaite
- Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania,
| | - Gintautas Domza
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Diana Ramasauskaite
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jelena Volochovic
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Leppävirta J, Kallionpää RA, Uusitalo E, Vahlberg T, Pöyhönen M, Peltonen J, Peltonen S. Neurofibromatosis type 1 of the child increases birth weight. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1173-1183. [PMID: 31016862 PMCID: PMC6618292 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with reduced adult height, but there are no cohort studies on birth size. This retrospective study includes a cohort of 1,410 persons with NF1 and a matched comparison cohort from the general population. Figures for birth size were retrieved from the administrative registers of Finland, and the data were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS), defined as standard deviation difference to the reference population. The birth weight among infants with NF1 was higher than among infants without the disorder (adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 0.53 SDS [0.19–0.87]), as was the head circumference at birth (0.58 SDS [0.26–0.90]). The birth length of the NF1 infants did not differ significantly from the comparison cohort. The birth weight in the group consisting of NF1 and non‐NF1 infants of NF1 mothers was lower than among infants of mothers in the comparison cohort (−0.28 SDS [−0.51 to −0.06]), as was the birth length (−0.22 SDS [−0.45 to 0.00]). In conclusion, the birth weight and head circumference of persons with NF1 are significantly higher than those of persons without the disorder. NF1 of the mother reduces birth weight and birth length of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Leppävirta
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of DermatologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Roope A. Kallionpää
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Elina Uusitalo
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Clinical GeneticsHUSLAB and Helsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyInstitute of Biomedicine, University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of DermatologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Does prenatal identification of fetal macrosomia change management and outcome? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 299:635-644. [PMID: 30564929 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-5003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether there is an association between predicted fetal macrosomia and adverse outcomes in macrosomic newborns (> 4000 g), based on a sonographic evaluation up to 2 weeks prior to delivery. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 3098 mothers of macrosomic babies who were delivered at our institution (2000-2015). We compared the management and outcomes of women with predicted fetal macrosomia with that of women with unknown fetal macrosomia. The primary outcomes were cesarean section (CS) rate and postpartum hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes were composite maternal and neonatal outcomes and birth injuries. RESULTS In 601 (19.4%) women fetal macrosomia was predicted, and in 2497 (80.6%) women, fetal macrosomia was unknown. CS rate was more than 3.5 times higher in the group of predicted macrosomia (47.2% vs. 12.7%, P < 0.001) than those with unpredicted macrosomia; not only due to non-progressive labor, but for non-reassuring heart rate as well. However, predicted fetal macrosomia reduced the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.0), maternal (aOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5) and neonatal composite adverse outcomes (aOR 0.7 95% CI 0.6-0.9). It was also associated with increased risk for induction of labor, episiotomy, 3rd- or 4th-degree tears and a longer maternal hospitalization. Birth injuries and shoulder dystocia were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Antepartum CS was found to be associated with predicted fetal macrosomia. Moreover, a planned CS due to macrosomia was associated with reduced risk for postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and neonatal outcome, even for babies with a mean birth weight < 4500 g.
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Schmeer KK, Tarrence J. Racial-ethnic Disparities in Inflammation: Evidence of Weathering in Childhood? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 59:411-428. [PMID: 29949724 PMCID: PMC6177208 DOI: 10.1177/0022146518784592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Building on the weathering hypothesis, we advance health disparities research by assessing racial-ethnic differences in low-grade inflammation, a marker of chronic stress exposure, in young children. Using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 6,652) and logistic regression, we find an increased risk of low-grade inflammation among Hispanic and African American children compared to white children. The risk of inflammation appears to be stronger for Hispanic and African American children with foreign-born parents compared to children of the same race-ethnicity with U.S.-born parents. Low parental education and elevated child body mass index work as partial mediators of these associations. Our findings suggest the need to understand the psychosocial challenges faced by Hispanic and African American children, particularly, those with foreign-born parents, if we are to make further progress in reducing health disparities.
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Kuhle S, Maguire B, Zhang H, Hamilton D, Allen AC, Joseph KS, Allen VM. Comparison of logistic regression with machine learning methods for the prediction of fetal growth abnormalities: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:333. [PMID: 30111303 PMCID: PMC6094446 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is increasing interest in identifying pregnancies at risk for adverse outcome, existing prediction models have not adequately assessed population-based risks, and have been based on conventional regression methods. The objective of the current study was to identify predictors of fetal growth abnormalities using logistic regression and machine learning methods, and compare diagnostic properties in a population-based sample of infants. METHODS Data for 30,705 singleton infants born between 2009 and 2014 to mothers resident in Nova Scotia, Canada was obtained from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database. Primary outcomes were small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Maternal characteristics pre-pregnancy and at 26 weeks were studied as predictors. Logistic regression and select machine learning methods were used to build the models, stratified by parity. Area under the curve was used to compare the models; relative importance of predictors was compared qualitatively. RESULTS 7.9% and 13.5% of infants were SGA and LGA, respectively; 48.6% of births were to primiparous women and 51.4% were to multiparous women. Prediction of SGA and LGA was poor to fair (area under the curve 60-75%) and improved with increasing parity and pregnancy information. Smoking, previous low birthweight infant, and gestational weight gain were important predictors for SGA; pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and previous macrosomic infant were the strongest predictors for LGA. CONCLUSIONS The machine learning methods used in this study did not offer any advantage over logistic regression in the prediction of fetal growth abnormalities. Prediction accuracy for SGA and LGA based on maternal information is poor for primiparous women and fair for multiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuhle
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Bryan Maguire
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hongqun Zhang
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David Hamilton
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alexander C Allen
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victoria M Allen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Nahavandi S, Seah JM, Shub A, Houlihan C, Ekinci EI. Biomarkers for Macrosomia Prediction in Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 30108547 PMCID: PMC6079223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large birthweight, or macrosomia, is one of the commonest complications for pregnancies affected by diabetes. As macrosomia is associated with an increased risk of a number of adverse outcomes for both the mother and offspring, accurate antenatal prediction of fetal macrosomia could be beneficial in guiding appropriate models of care and interventions that may avoid or reduce these associated risks. However, current prediction strategies which include physical examination and ultrasound assessment, are imprecise. Biomarkers are proving useful in various specialties and may offer a new avenue for improved prediction of macrosomia. Prime biomarker candidates in pregnancies with diabetes include maternal glycaemic markers (glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycosylated hemoglobin) and hormones proposed implicated in placental nutrient transfer (adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1). There is some support for an association of these biomarkers with birthweight and/or macrosomia, although current evidence in this emerging field is still limited. Thus, although biomarkers hold promise, further investigation is needed to elucidate the potential clinical utility of biomarkers for macrosomia prediction for pregnancies affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jas-mine Seah
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Houlihan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elif I. Ekinci
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Vieira MC, McCowan LME, North RA, Myers JE, Walker JJ, Baker PN, Dekker GA, Kenny LC, Poston L, Pasupathy D. Antenatal risk factors associated with neonatal morbidity in large-for-gestational-age infants: an international prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:1015-1024. [PMID: 29753307 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large-for-gestational-age infants are associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, most of them will not have adverse outcomes. Our aim was to identify antenatal clinical factors associated with neonatal morbidity in large-for-gestational-age infants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nulliparous women from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study were included. We compared maternal and fetal factors between large-for-gestational-age infants (birthweight >90th customized centile) with and without neonatal morbidity, defined as admission to a neonatal intensive care unit or severe neonatal morbidity. Factors were selected based on a priori hypotheses of association and included maternal demography, anthropometric measures and self-reported physical activity (15 and 20 weeks), fetal biometry (20 weeks), and clinical information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Stratified analyses were performed by maternal obesity and physical activity. RESULTS Among term pregnancies, prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants was 9.3% (491/5255), with 11.8% (58/491) prevalence of neonatal morbidity. Random glucose at 20 weeks (odds ratio 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.17-1.97, per 1 mmol/L increase) and no regular physical activity at 20 weeks (odds ratio 3.93; 95% confidence interval 1.75-8.83) were associated with increased risk of neonatal morbidity after adjustment for birthweight, gestational age at delivery and gestational diabetes. The increased risk associated with higher glucose levels was not evident in women with regular physical activity or without obesity. CONCLUSIONS Regular physical activity in mid-pregnancy is associated with lower risk for neonatal morbidity in large-for-gestational-age infants and seems to offer protection against the increased risk associated with higher maternal glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias C Vieira
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lesley M E McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robyn A North
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Maternal & Fetal Health Research Center, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James J Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences & Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Women's and Children's Division Lyell McEwin Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise C Kenny
- The Irish Center for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St Thomas' NH Foundation Trust and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dharmintra Pasupathy
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St Thomas' NH Foundation Trust and King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
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Cui X, Li Y, Yang L, You L, Wang X, Shi C, Ji C, Guo X. Peptidome analysis of human milk from women delivering macrosomic fetuses reveals multiple means of protection for infants. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63514-63525. [PMID: 27566575 PMCID: PMC5325381 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with a lower incidence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life. While macrosomic infants have a higher risk of developing obesity and other metabolic disorders. Breast milk may contain special nutrients to meet the different growth needs of different infants. Whether mothers make breast milk different to meet the requirement of macrosomic infants is still unknown. Here, we conducted a comparison between mothers delivering macrosomic and non-macrosomic infants in colostrum endogenous peptides. More than 400 peptides, originating from at least 34 protein precursors, were identified by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). Out of these, 29 peptides found to be significant differently expressed (|fold change| ≥ 3, P < 0.01). Blastp analysis revealed 41 peptides may have established biological activities, which exhibit immunomodulating, antibacterial action, antioxidation, opioid agonist and antihypertensive activity. Furthermore, we found that peptide located at β-Casein 24-38 AA has antimicrobial effect against E. coli, Y. enterocolitica and S. aureus. While, κ-Casein 89-109 AA-derived peptide plays as a regulator of preadipocyte proliferation. The profile of endogenous peptides from macrosomic term infants is different from non-macrosomic terms. This different peptide expression potentially has specific physiological function to benefit macrosomic infants. Finally, we believe that our research is a meaningfull finding which may add to the understanding of milk peptide physiological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Cui
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Yun Li
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Lei Yang
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Lianghui You
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Xing Wang
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Chunmei Shi
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Chenbo Ji
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
| | - Xirong Guo
- From Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital
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Stuart AE, Amer-Wåhlin I, Källen KBM. Neonatal delivery weight and risk of future maternal diabetes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 140:111-117. [PMID: 28980304 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between neonatal delivery weight and future risk of maternal type 1 or type 2 diabetes. METHODS Data included in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and Swedish National Diabetes Registry were merged to include all women born during 1930-1989; patients with pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify associations between the neonatal delivery weight from the most recent pregnancy and later occurrence of diabetes. RESULTS There were 1 873 440 patients included in the analyses. An increased risk of type 1 (hazard ratio 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23-4.01) or type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 2.77, 95% CI 2.68-2.87) was observed among patients who had a large for gestational age neonate compared with patients who had neonates within one standard definition of the mean weight for gestational age; the odds of developing type 1 (odds ratio 10.27, 95% CI 7.37-14.31) or type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 8.50, 95% CI 6.01-12.02) within 1 year of delivery was also increased compared with patients who had a neonate within one standard deviation of the mean weight for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Delivering a large for gestational age neonate was a potent risk factor for the later development of maternal type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Stuart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Isis Amer-Wåhlin
- Department of Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin B M Källen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Reproductive Epidemiology Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bardanzellu F, Fanos V, Reali A. "Omics" in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E843. [PMID: 28783113 PMCID: PMC5579636 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Milk (HM) is the best source for newborn nutrition until at least six months; it exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, promotes immune system formation and supports organ development. Breastfeeding could also protect from obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, human colostrum (HC) presents a peculiar role in newborn support as a protective effect against allergic and chronic diseases, in addition to long-term metabolic benefits. In this review, we discuss the recent literature regarding "omics" technologies and growth factors (GF) in HC and the effects of pasteurization on its composition. Our aim was to provide new evidence in terms of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, also in relation to maternal metabolic diseases and/or fetal anomalies and to underline the functions of GF. Since HC results are so precious, particularly for the vulnerable pre-terms category, we also discuss the importance of HM pasteurization to ensure donated HC even to neonates whose mothers are unable to provide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review analyzing in detail the molecular pattern, microbiota, bioactive factors, and dynamic profile of HC, finding clinical correlations of such mediators with their possible in vivo effects and with the consequent impact on neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Reali
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Zheng J, Xiao XH, Zhang Q, Mao LL, Yu M, Xu JP, Wang T. Correlation of placental microbiota with fetal macrosomia and clinical characteristics in mothers and newborns. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82314-82325. [PMID: 29137266 PMCID: PMC5669892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial studies indicated that fetal macrosomia was associated with detrimental pregnancy outcomes, and increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases in later life. However, investigations into the association between placental microbiota and fetal macrosomia are limited. We aimed to profile the placental microbiota of fetal macrosomia and study whether they relate to clinical characteristics. Placenta samples were collected from fetal macrosomias and newborns with normal birth weight. The clinical characteristics, umbilical cord blood parameters were measured, and placental microbiota were sequenced and further analysed. The clinical characteristics of infants and mothers and umbilical cord blood parameters were significantly different between macrosomias and controls. The relative abundance of microbiota sequences revealed that microbial structures of the placenta differed significantly between macrosomia and controls. Regression analysis showed a cluster of key operational taxonomic unit (OTUs), phyla and genera were significantly correlated with body length, ponderal index and placenta weight, body weight increase during pregnancy of mothers, and cord blood IGF-1 and leptin concentrations. In conclusion, our study for the first time explored the relationship between placental microbiota profile and fetal macrosomia. It is novel in showing that a distinct placental microbiota profile is present in fetal macrosomia, and is associated with clinical characteristics of mothers and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li-Li Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Crosby DA, Walsh JM, Segurado R, McAuliffe FM. Interpregnancy weight changes and impact on pregnancy outcome in a cohort of women with a macrosomic first delivery: a prospective longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016193. [PMID: 28588113 PMCID: PMC5726057 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the median interpregnancy maternal weight change between first and second pregnancies, and second and third pregnancies and to assess the impact of this weight change on pregnancy outcome in a cohort of women with a macrosomic first delivery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal study conducted over three pregnancies from 2007 to 2015. SETTING Tertiary referral maternity hospital, Dublin, Ireland. PARTICIPANTS Women were recruited if their first baby weighed >4.0 kg. METHODS The pregnancy outcomes in the second and third pregnancies were analysed separately. Data were also analysed for both interpregnancy intervals comparing outcomes for those who gained any weight, or more weight than the median, with those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Recurrent fetal macrosomia ≥4.0 kg and gestational diabetes mellitus. RESULTS There were 280 women who delivered a third baby between 2011 and 2015. There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes for the second pregnancy in women who gained interpregnancy weight compared with those who did not and those who gained more interpregnancy weight than the median compared with those who did not. There was a statistically significant increase in birth weight ≥4.0 kg (54.0% vs 39.6% p=0.03) in those women who gained any weight between the second and third pregnancies. In those women who gained more interpregnancy weight than the median (1.70 kg) between a second and third pregnancy, there was a significant increase in the rate of gestational diabetes (6.5% vs 1.4%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study demonstrates that within this cohort maternal interpregnancy weight change between a second and third pregnancy is associated with an increase in birth weight ≥4.0 kg. Additionally, a gain of more weight than the median (1.70 kg) is associated with a higher rate of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Crosby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer M Walsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- CSTAR, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Thandapilly SJ, Raj P, Louis XL, Perera D, Yamanagedara P, Zahradka P, Taylor CG, Netticadan T. Canola oil rich in oleic acid improves diastolic heart function in diet-induced obese rats. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:425-430. [PMID: 27909891 PMCID: PMC10717867 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It directly affects heart structure and function and contributes to heart failure. Diet is a major factor involved in the development of obesity along with genetic factors. We examined the effects of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oils on cardiac structure and function in the diet-induced rodent model of obesity (DIO). Obese prone (OP) rats were fed a high-fat diet (HF; 55% of kcal) for 12 weeks; Sprague-Dawley rats fed commercial chow served as control. Echocardiography was performed to assess the cardiac structure and function in all rats at 12 weeks. OP rats fed the HF diet showed significant impairment in diastolic function compared to control rats. The HF diet containing high oleic canola oil significantly improved diastolic function of OP rats compared to the HF diet with lard. In conclusion, canola oil rich in oleic acid, when incorporated into an HF diet, prevents the development of diastolic dysfunction in DIO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xavier Lieben Louis
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Danielle Perera
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- St. Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Araujo Júnior E, Peixoto AB, Zamarian ACP, Elito Júnior J, Tonni G. Macrosomia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Yamamoto JM, Kallas-Koeman MM, Butalia S, Lodha AK, Donovan LE. Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonate predicts a 2.5-fold increased odds of neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 27184133 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to assess the impact of maternal glycaemic control and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infant size on the risk of developing neonatal hypoglycaemia in offspring of women with type 1 diabetes and to determine possible predictors of neonatal hypoglycaemia and LGA. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN This retrospective cohort study evaluated pregnancies in 161 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus at a large urban centre between 2006 and 2010. Mean trimester A1c values were categorized into five groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of neonatal hypoglycaemia and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). RESULTS Hypoglycaemia occurred in 36.6% of neonates. There was not a linear association between trimester specific A1c and LGA. After adjusting for maternal age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and premature delivery, neonatal hypoglycaemia was not linearly associated with A1c in the first, second or third trimesters. LGA was the only significant predictor for neonatal hypoglycaemia (OR, 95% CI 2.51 [1.10, 5.70]) in logistic regression analysis that adjusted for glycaemic control, maternal age, smoking, prematurity and BMI. An elevated third trimester A1c increased the odds of LGA (1.81 [1.03, 3.18]) after adjustment for smoking, parity and maternal BMI. CONCLUSIONS Large-for-gestational-age imparts a 2.5-fold increased odds of hypoglycaemia in neonates of women with type 1 diabetes and may be a better predictor of neonatal hypoglycaemia than maternal glycaemic control. Our data suggest that LGA neonates of women with type 1 diabetes should prompt increased surveillance for neonatal hypoglycaemia and that the presence of optimum maternal glycaemic control should not reduce this surveillance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melissa M Kallas-Koeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Butalia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abhay K Lodha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lois E Donovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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