1
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Shi F, Tieu P, Hu H, Peng J, Zhang W, Li F, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T, Gao W, Pan X, Wu J. Direct in-situ imaging of electrochemical corrosion of Pd-Pt core-shell electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5084. [PMID: 38877007 PMCID: PMC11178921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Corrosion of electrocatalysts during electrochemical operations, such as low potential - high potential cyclic swapping, can cause significant performance degradation. However, the electrochemical corrosion dynamics, including structural changes, especially site and composition specific ones, and their correlation with electrochemical processes are hidden due to the insufficient spatial-temporal resolution characterization methods. Using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the electrochemical corrosion of Pd@Pt core-shell octahedral nanoparticles towards a Pt nanoframe. The potential-dependent surface reconstruction during multiple continuous in-situ cyclic voltammetry with clear redox peaks is captured, revealing an etching and deposition process of Pd that results in internal Pd atoms being relocated to external surface, followed by subsequent preferential corrosion of Pt (111) terraces rather than the edges or corners, simultaneously capturing the structure evolution also allows to attribute the site-specific Pt and Pd atomic dynamics to individual oxidation and reduction events. This work provides profound insights into the surface reconstruction of nanoparticles during complex electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Shi
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Peng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Kumeda T, Kondo K, Tanaka S, Sakata O, Hoshi N, Nakamura M. Surface Extraction Process During Initial Oxidation of Pt(111): Effect of Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Cations in Alkaline Media. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10312-10320. [PMID: 38506557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The surface oxidation states of the metal electrodes affect the activity, selectivity, and stability of the electrocatalysts. Oxide formation and reduction on such electrodes must be comprehensively understood to achieve next-generation electrocatalysts with outstanding performance and stability. Herein, the initial electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) in alkaline media containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic cations is investigated by X-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Structural determination using X-ray CTR revealed surface buckling and Pt extraction at the initial stage of surface oxidation, depending on the cationic species. Vibrational spectroscopy is performed to identify the potential- and cation-dependent formation of three oxide species (IR-active OHad, Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O), and Raman-active Oad). Hydrophilic alkali metal cations (Li+) inhibit surface roughening via irreversible oxide formation. Hydrophilic Li+ can strongly stabilize IR-active OHad, hindering the extraction of Pt surface atoms. Interestingly, bulky hydrophobic cations such as tetramethylammonium (TMA+) cation also reduce the extent of irreversible oxidation despite the absence of IR-active OHad. Hydrophobic TMA+ inhibits the formation of Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) associated with Pt extraction. In contrast, the moderate hydrophilicity of K+ has no protective effect against irreversible oxidation. Moderate hydrophilicity enables the coadsorption of Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) and Raman-active Oad. The electrostatic repulsion between Raman-active OHad/Oad(H2O) and neighboring Raman-active Oad promotes Pt extraction. These results provide insights into controlling the surface structures of electrocatalysts using cationic species during the oxide formation and reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kumeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenshin Kondo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Syunnosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Hoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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3
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Do VH, Lee JM. Surface engineering for stable electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2693-2737. [PMID: 38318782 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in rational developments of electrocatalysts through constructing novel atomistic structures and modulating catalytic surface topography, realizing substantial enhancement in electrocatalytic activities. Numerous advanced catalysts were developed for electrochemical energy conversion, exhibiting low overpotential, high intrinsic activity, and selectivity. Yet, maintaining the high catalytic performance under working conditions with high polarization and vigorous microkinetics that induce intensive degradation of surface nanostructures presents a significant challenge for commercial applications. Recently, advanced operando and computational techniques have provided comprehensive mechanistic insights into the degradation of surficial functional structures. Additionally, various innovative strategies have been devised and proven effective in sustaining electrocatalytic activity under harsh operating conditions. This review aims to discuss the most recent understanding of the degradation microkinetics of catalysts across an entire range of anodic to cathodic polarizations, encompassing processes such as oxygen evolution and reduction, hydrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Subsequently, innovative strategies adopted to stabilize the materials' structure and activity are highlighted with an in-depth discussion of the underlying rationale. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives regarding future research and development. By identifying the research gaps, this review aims to inspire further exploration of surface degradation mechanisms and rational design of durable electrocatalysts, ultimately contributing to the large-scale utilization of electroconversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Hung Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
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4
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Magnussen OM, Drnec J, Qiu C, Martens I, Huang JJ, Chattot R, Singer A. In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:629-721. [PMID: 38253355 PMCID: PMC10870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic processes are of key importance for the transition to a sustainable energy supply as well as for a wide variety of other technologically relevant fields. Further development of these processes requires in-depth understanding of the atomic, nano, and micro scale structure of the materials and interfaces in electrochemical devices under reaction conditions. We here provide a comprehensive review of in situ and operando studies by X-ray scattering methods, which are powerful and highly versatile tools to provide such understanding. We discuss the application of X-ray scattering to a wide variety of electrochemical systems, ranging from metal and oxide single crystals to nanoparticles and even full devices. We show how structural data on bulk phases, electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and nanoscale morphology can be obtained and describe recent developments that provide highly local information and insight into the composition and electronic structure. These X-ray scattering studies yield insights into the structure in the double layer potential range as well as into the structural evolution during electrocatalytic processes and phase formation reactions, such as nucleation and growth during electrodeposition and dissolution, the formation of passive films, corrosion processes, and the electrochemical intercalation into battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel
Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF,
Experiments Division, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jason J. Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM,
Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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6
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You X, Han J, Del Colle V, Xu Y, Chang Y, Sun X, Wang G, Ji C, Pan C, Zhang J, Gao Q. Relationship between oxide identity and electrocatalytic activity of platinum for ethanol electrooxidation in perchlorate acidic solution. Commun Chem 2023; 6:101. [PMID: 37248368 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Water and its dissociated species at the solid‒liquid interface play critical roles in catalytic science; e.g., functions of oxygen species from water dissociation are gradually being recognized. Herein, the relationship between oxide identity (PtOHads, PtOads, and PtO2) and electrocatalytic activity of platinum for ethanol electrooxidation was obtained in perchlorate acidic solution over a wide potential range with an upper potential of 1.5 V (reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). PtOHads and α-PtO2, rather than PtOads, act as catalytic centers promoting ethanol electrooxidation. This relationship was corroborated on Pt(111), Pt(110), and Pt(100) electrodes, respectively. A reaction mechanism of ethanol electrooxidation was developed with DFT calculations, in which platinum oxides-mediated dehydrogenation and hydrated reaction intermediate, geminal diol, can perfectly explain experimental results, including pH dependence of product selectivity and more active α-PtO2 than PtOHads. This work can be generalized to the oxidation of other substances on other metal/alloy electrodes in energy conversion and electrochemical syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu You
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinicius Del Colle
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas-Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa s/n, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Yuqiang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Chang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Fehrs JO, Qiu C, Mirolo M, Yuan C, Cherevko S, Drnec J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Driving Force of the Initial Step in Electrochemical Pt(111) Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 37018542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The first step of electrochemical surface oxidation is extraction of a metal atom from its lattice site to a location in a growing oxide. Here we show by fast simultaneous electrochemical and in situ high-energy surface X-ray diffraction measurements that the initial extraction of Pt atoms from Pt(111) is a fast, potential-driven process, whereas charge transfer for the related formation of adsorbed oxygen-containing species occurs on a much slower time scale and is evidently uncoupled from the extraction process. It is concluded that potential plays a key independent role in electrochemical surface oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jan O Fehrs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Mirolo
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chentian Yuan
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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8
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Vonk V, Volkov S, Keller TF, Hutterer A, Lakner P, Bertram F, Fleig J, Opitz AK, Stierle A. Reversible Ultrathin PtO x Formation at the Buried Pt/YSZ(111) Interface Studied In Situ under Electrochemical Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2065-2071. [PMID: 36798987 PMCID: PMC9986955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three different platinum oxides are observed by in situ X-ray diffraction during electrochemical potential cycles of platinum thin film model electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at a temperature of 702 K in air. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy performed before and after the in situ electrochemical X-ray experiments indicate that approximately 20% of the platinum electrode has locally delaminated from the substrate by forming pyramidlike blisters. The oxides and their locations are identified as (1) an ultrathin PtOx at the buried Pt/YSZ interface, which forms reversibly upon anodic polarization; (2) polycrystalline β-PtO2, which forms irreversibly upon anodic polarization on the inside of the blisters; and (3) an ultrathin α-PtO2 at the Pt/air interface, which forms by thermal oxidation and which does not depend on the electrochemical polarization. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects are discussed to explain the coexistence of multiple phases at the same electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Vonk
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Volkov
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Keller
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics
Department, University of Hamburg,, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hutterer
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pirmin Lakner
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fleig
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K. Opitz
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre
for X-ray and Nanoscience CXNS, Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics
Department, University of Hamburg,, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Tailoring the active site for the oxygen evolution reaction on a Pt electrode. Commun Chem 2022; 5:126. [PMID: 36698008 PMCID: PMC9814662 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential to improve the efficiency of water electrolysis. The properties of OER active sites on single-crystal Pt electrodes were examined herein. The OER is markedly enhanced by repeated oxidative and reductive potential cycles on the Pt(111) surface. The OER activity on Pt(111) is nine times higher in the third cycle than that before the potential cycles. OER activation by potential cycling depends on the (111) terrace width, with wider (111) terraces significantly enhancing the OER. The oxidation/reduction of the Pt(111) surface produces atomic-sized vacancies on the terraces that activate the OER. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction reveals that the active sites formed by potential cycling are defects in the second subsurface Pt layer. Potential cycling induces the bowl-shaped roughening of the electrode surface, wherein high-coordination number Pt atoms at the bottom of the cavities activate the OER.
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10
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Tanaka S, Tajiri H, Sakata O, Hoshi N, Nakamura M. Interfacial Structure of Pt(110) Electrode during Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8403-8408. [PMID: 36047930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In alkaline solutions, interfacial cations affect the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of platinum electrodes. However, the effects of cations on the HER activity have not been previously investigated based on interfacial structures. In situ surface X-ray diffraction was performed on Pt(110), of which the HER activity is the highest in the low-index planes of Pt, at hydrogen evolution potentials in alkaline solutions, and revealed the interfacial structure of alkali metal cations (Li+ and Cs+). The interfacial structure of the Pt(110) electrode changed reversibly depending on the electrode potential. In the LiOH solution, where the HER activity was higher, the densely packed water layer in the electrical double layer acted as a hydrogen supplier. In the CsOH solution, where the HER activity was lower, the Cs+ cations were aligned in the missing rows of the 1 × 2 reconstructed Pt(110) surface, suggesting that the Cs+ hindered water from accessing the surface, resulting in a lower HER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunnosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tajiri
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Synchrotron X-ray Group and Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Hoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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11
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Luo M, Koper MTM. A kinetic descriptor for the electrolyte effect on the oxygen reduction kinetics on Pt(111). Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProton-exchange membrane fuel cells demand efficient electrode–electrolyte interfaces to catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the kinetics of which depends on the energetics of surface adsorption and on electrolyte environment. Here we show an unanticipated effect of non-specifically adsorbed anions on the ORR kinetics on a Pt(111) electrode; these trends do not follow the usual ORR descriptor, that is *OH binding energy. We propose a voltammetry-accessible descriptor, namely reversibility of the *O ↔ *OH transition. This descriptor tracks the dependence of ORR rates on electrolyte, including the concentration/identity of anions in acidic media, cations in alkaline media and the effect of ionomers. We propose a model that relates the ORR rate on Pt(111) to the rate of the *O to *OH transition, in addition to the thermodynamic *OH binding energy descriptor. Our model also rationalizes different trends for the ORR rate on stepped Pt surfaces in acidic versus alkaline media.
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12
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Jacobse L, Schuster R, Pfrommer J, Deng X, Dolling S, Weber T, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Brummel O, Lykhach Y, Over H, Libuda J, Vonk V, Stierle A. A combined rotating disk electrode-surface x-ray diffraction setup for surface structure characterization in electrocatalysis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:065111. [PMID: 35777992 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing electrode surface structures under operando conditions is essential for fully understanding structure-activity relationships in electrocatalysis. Here, we combine in a single experiment high-energy surface x-ray diffraction as a characterizing technique with a rotating disk electrode to provide steady state kinetics under electrocatalytic conditions. Using Pt(111) and Pt(100) model electrodes, we show that full crystal truncation rod measurements are readily possible up to rotation rates of 1200 rpm. Furthermore, we discuss possibilities for both potentiostatic as well as potentiodynamic measurements, demonstrating the versatility of this technique. These different modes of operation, combined with the relatively simple experimental setup, make the combined rotating disk electrode-surface x-ray diffraction experiment a powerful technique for studying surface structures under operando electrocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schuster
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pfrommer
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xin Deng
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvan Dolling
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Herbert Over
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Eckl MJ, Mattausch Y, Jung CK, Kirsch S, Schmidt L, Huebner G, Mueller JE, Kibler LA, Jacob T. The influence of platinum surface oxidation on the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell—probing changes of catalytically active surface sites on a polycrystalline platinum electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Karsten Jung
- Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz‐Institute‐Ulm (HIU) Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie Universität Ulm Ulm Germany
- Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz‐Institute‐Ulm (HIU) Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany
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14
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Jacobse L, Vonk V, McCrum IT, Seitz C, Koper MT, Rost MJ, Stierle A. Electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) beyond the place-exchange model. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Yang Y, Peltier CR, Zeng R, Schimmenti R, Li Q, Huang X, Yan Z, Potsi G, Selhorst R, Lu X, Xu W, Tader M, Soudackov AV, Zhang H, Krumov M, Murray E, Xu P, Hitt J, Xu L, Ko HY, Ernst BG, Bundschu C, Luo A, Markovich D, Hu M, He C, Wang H, Fang J, DiStasio RA, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Noonan KJT, Xiao L, Zhuang L, Pivovar BS, Zelenay P, Herrero E, Feliu JM, Suntivich J, Giannelis EP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Arias T, Mavrikakis M, Mallouk TE, Brock JD, Muller DA, DiSalvo FJ, Coates GW, Abruña HD. Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Media and Alkaline Membrane-Based Energy Technologies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6117-6321. [PMID: 35133808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy-based electrochemical energy conversion technologies offer the promise of enabling a transition of the global energy landscape from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of electrocatalysis in alkaline media and applications in alkaline-based energy technologies, particularly alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Anion exchange (alkaline) membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) enable the use of nonprecious electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) kinetics is significantly slower in alkaline media than in acidic media. Understanding these phenomena requires applying theoretical and experimental methods to unravel molecular-level thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis and, particularly, the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process that takes place in a proton-deficient alkaline media. Extensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies, on single-crystal Pt and metal oxides, have contributed to the development of activity descriptors, as well as the identification of the nature of active sites, and the rate-determining steps of the HOR and ORR. Among these, the structure and reactivity of interfacial water serve as key potential and pH-dependent kinetic factors that are helping elucidate the origins of the HOR and ORR activity differences in acids and bases. Additionally, deliberately modulating and controlling catalyst-support interactions have provided valuable insights for enhancing catalyst accessibility and durability during operation. The design and synthesis of highly conductive and durable alkaline membranes/ionomers have enabled AEMFCs to reach initial performance metrics equal to or higher than those of PEMFCs. We emphasize the importance of using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to integrate the often separately pursued/optimized electrocatalyst/support and membranes/ionomer components. Operando/in situ methods, at multiscales, and ab initio simulations provide a mechanistic understanding of electron, ion, and mass transport at catalyst/ionomer/membrane interfaces and the necessary guidance to achieve fuel cell operation in air over thousands of hours. We hope that this Review will serve as a roadmap for advancing the scientific understanding of the fundamental factors governing electrochemical energy conversion in alkaline media with the ultimate goal of achieving ultralow Pt or precious-metal-free high-performance and durable alkaline fuel cells and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cheyenne R Peltier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qihao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhifei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ryan Selhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Weixuan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mariel Tader
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander V Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hanguang Zhang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mihail Krumov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ellen Murray
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Pengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Linxi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian G Ernst
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Colin Bundschu
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aileen Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle Markovich
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Meixue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cheng He
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hongsen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiye Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Robert A DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Piotr Zelenay
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique Herrero
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Juan M Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Tomás Arias
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joel D Brock
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Francis J DiSalvo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Center for Alkaline Based Energy Solutions (CABES), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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17
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Kim D, Zhou C, Zhang M, Cargnello M. Voltage cycling process for the electroconversion of biomass-derived polyols. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2113382118. [PMID: 34615713 PMCID: PMC8522268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113382118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrification of chemical reactions is crucial to fundamentally transform our society that is still heavily dependent on fossil resources and unsustainable practices. In addition, electrochemistry-based approaches offer a unique way of catalyzing reactions by the fast and continuous alteration of applied potentials, unlike traditional thermal processes. Here, we show how the continuous cyclic application of electrode potential allows Pt nanoparticles to electrooxidize biomass-derived polyols with turnover frequency improved by orders of magnitude compared with the usual rates at fixed potential conditions. Moreover, secondary alcohol oxidation is enhanced, with a ketoses-to-aldoses ratio increased up to sixfold. The idea has been translated into the construction of a symmetric single-compartment system in a two-electrode configuration. Its operation via voltage cycling demonstrates high-rate sorbitol electrolysis with the formation of H2 as a desired coproduct at operating voltages below 1.4 V. The devised method presents a potential approach to using renewable electricity to drive chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chengshuang Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Miao Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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18
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Baggio BF, Grunder Y. In Situ X-Ray Techniques for Electrochemical Interfaces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:87-107. [PMID: 33940932 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091020-100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews progress in the study of materials using X-ray-based techniques from an electrochemistry perspective. We focus on in situ/in operando surface X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the combination of both methods. The background of these techniques together with key concepts is introduced. Key examples of in situ and in operando investigation of liquid-solid and liquid-liquid interfaces are presented. X-ray scattering and spectroscopy have helped to develop an understanding of the underlying atomic and molecular processes associated with electrocatalysis, electrodeposition, and battery materials. We highlight recent developments, including resonant surface diffraction and time-resolved studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Baggio
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom;
| | - Yvonne Grunder
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom;
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19
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Xiao C, Tian N, Li WZ, Qu XM, Du JH, Lu BA, Xu BB, Zhou ZY, Sun SG. Shape transformations of Pt nanocrystals enclosed with high-index facets and low-index facets. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformation between high-index faceted Pt nanocrystals and low-index faceted ones have been achieved by an electrochemical square-wave potential method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Na Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi-Ming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bang-An Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Schmies H, Bergmann A, Hornberger E, Drnec J, Wang G, Dionigi F, Kühl S, Sandbeck DJS, Mayrhofer KJJ, Ramani V, Cherevko S, Strasser P. Anisotropy of Pt nanoparticles on carbon- and oxide-support and their structural response to electrochemical oxidation probed by in situ techniques. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22260-22270. [PMID: 33001131 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the structural response of nanoparticle-support ensembles to the reaction conditions is essential to determine their structure in the catalytically active state as well as to unravel the possible degradation pathways. In this work, we investigate the (electronic) structure of carbon- and oxide-supported Pt nanoparticles during electrochemical oxidation by in situ X-ray diffraction, absorption spectroscopy as well as the Pt dissolution rate by in situ mass spectrometry. We prepared ellipsoidal Pt nanoparticles by impregnation of the carbon and titanium-based oxide support as well as spherical Pt nanoparticles on an indium-based oxide support by a surfactant-assisted synthesis route. During electrochemical oxidation, we show that the oxide-supported Pt nanoparticles resist (bulk) oxide formation and Pt dissolution. The lattice of smaller Pt nanoparticles exhibits a size-induced lattice contraction in the as-prepared state with respect to bulk Pt but it expands reversibly during electrochemical oxidation. This expansion is suppressed for the Pt nanoparticles with a bulk-like relaxed lattice. We could correlate the formation of d-band vacancies in the metallic Pt with Pt lattice expansion. PtOx formation is strongest for platelet-like nanoparticles and we explain this with a higher fraction of exposed Pt(100) facets. Of all investigated nanoparticle-support ensembles, the structural response of RuO2/TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticles is the most promising with respect to their morphological and structural integrity under electrochemical reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Schmies
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Bertram M, Prössl C, Ronovský M, Knöppel J, Matvija P, Fusek L, Skála T, Tsud N, Kastenmeier M, Matolín V, Mayrhofer KJJ, Johánek V, Mysliveček J, Cherevko S, Lykhach Y, Brummel O, Libuda J. Cobalt Oxide-Supported Pt Electrocatalysts: Intimate Correlation between Particle Size, Electronic Metal-Support Interaction and Stability. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8365-8371. [PMID: 32909431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxide supports can modify and stabilize platinum nanoparticles (NPs) in electrocatalytic materials. We studied related phenomena on model systems consisting of Pt NPs on atomically defined Co3O4(111) thin films. Chemical states and dissolution behavior of model catalysts were investigated as a function of the particle size and the electrochemical potential by ex situ emersion synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and by online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Electronic metal-support interaction (EMSI) yields partially oxidized Ptδ+ species at the metal/support interface of metallic nanometer-sized Pt NPs. In contrast, subnanometer particles form Ptδ+ aggregates that are exclusively accompanied by subsurface Pt4+ species. Dissolution of Cox+ ions is strongly coupled to the presence of Ptδ+ and the reduction of subsurface Pt4+ species. Our findings suggest that EMSI directly affects the integrity of oxide-based electrocatalysts and may be employed to stabilize Pt NPs against sintering and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bertram
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Prössl
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michal Ronovský
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Knöppel
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Matvija
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fusek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Tsud
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maximilian Kastenmeier
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Johánek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mysliveček
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University,V Hole šovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, ECRC, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Structure dependency of the atomic-scale mechanisms of platinum electro-oxidation and dissolution. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Sandbeck DJS, Inaba M, Quinson J, Bucher J, Zana A, Arenz M, Cherevko S. Particle Size Effect on Platinum Dissolution: Practical Considerations for Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25718-25727. [PMID: 32395990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high costs of polymer membrane electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) remain a roadblock for a competitive market with combustion engine vehicles. The PEMFC costs can be reduced by decreasing the size of Pt nanoparticles in the catalyst layer, thereby increasing the Pt dispersion and utilization. Furthermore, high-power performance loss due to O2 transport resistance is alleviated by decreasing the particle size and increasing dispersion. However, firm conclusions on how Pt particle size impacts durability remain elusive due to synthetic difficulties in exclusively varying single parameters (e.g., particle size and loading). Therefore, here the particle size of Pt nanoparticles was varied from 2.0 to 2.8 and 3.7 nm while keeping the loading constant (30 wt %) on a Vulcan support using the two-step surfactant-free toolbox method. By studying the electrochemical dissolution in situ using online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (online ICP-MS), mass-specific dissolution trends are revealed and are attributed to particle-size-dependent changes in electrochemically active surface area. Such degradation trends are critical for the start/stop of PEMFCs and currently require the implementation of potential control systems in consumer vehicles. Additionally, shifts in the onset of anodic dissolution and also oxidation to more negative potentials with decreasing particle size were observed. These results indicate a similar mechanism of anodic dissolution related to place-exchange when moving from extended polycrystalline Pt to nanoparticle scales. The negative shifts in the onset as the particle size decreases highlight a practical limitation for PEMFCs during load/idle conditions: without further material improvements, which inhibit Pt dissolution, reduction in costs and improvement in high-power performance via increased Pt utilization and dispersion will not be possible by decreasing particle sizes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J S Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Masanori Inaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan Bucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Hanselman S, McCrum IT, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO 2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10634-10640. [PMID: 31701114 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics. Internal energy calculations predict 7/8 and 8/9 stripe structures to dominate at standard temperature and pressure, which contain 7 or 8 elevated PtO2 units per 8 or 9 supporting surface Pt atoms, respectively. Moreover, we found a thermodynamic optimum with respect to mean in-stripe Pt-Pt spacing close to that of α-PtO2. Vibrational zero point energies, including bulk layer contributions, make a small but significant contribution to the stripe free energies, leading to the 6/7 stripe being most stable, although the 7/8 structure is still close in free energy. These findings correspond closely to experimental observations, providing insight into the driving force for oxide stripe formation and structure as the initial intermediate of platinum surface oxidation, and aiding our understanding of platinum catalysts and surface roughening under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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25
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Sandbeck DJS, Secher NM, Speck FD, Sørensen JE, Kibsgaard J, Chorkendorff I, Cherevko S. Particle Size Effect on Platinum Dissolution: Considerations for Accelerated Stability Testing of Fuel Cell Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Mørch Secher
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian D. Speck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Khalakhan I, Bogar M, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Yakovlev Y, Dopita M, Sandbeck DJS, Cherevko S, Matolínová I, Amenitsch H. Evolution of the PtNi Bimetallic Alloy Fuel Cell Catalyst under Simulated Operational Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17602-17610. [PMID: 32191029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the catalyst corrosion dynamics is a prerequisite for the development of an efficient cathode catalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. To reach this aim, the behavior of fuel cell catalysts must be investigated directly under reaction conditions. Herein, we applied a strategic combination of in situ/online techniques: in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, and electrochemical scanning flow cell with online detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This combination of techniques allows in-depth investigation of the potential-dependent surface restructuring of a PtNi model thin film catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling in an aqueous acidic electrolyte. The study reveals a clear correlation between the upper potential limit and structural behavior of the PtNi catalyst, namely, its dealloying and coarsening. The results show that at 0.6 and 1.0 VRHE upper potentials, the PtNi catalyst essentially preserves its structure during the entire cycling procedure. The crucial changes in the morphology of PtNi layers are found to occur at 1.3 and 1.5 VRHE cycling potentials. Strong dealloying at the early stage of cycling is substituted with strong coarsening of catalyst particles at the later stage. The coarsening at the later stage of cycling is assigned to the electrochemical Ostwald ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Khalakhan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Bogar
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- CERIC-ERIC c/o Elettra Synchrotron, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kúš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yurii Yakovlev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel John Seale Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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27
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Linpé W, Harlow GS, Larsson A, Abbondanza G, Rämisch L, Pfaff S, Zetterberg J, Evertsson J, Lundgren E. An electrochemical cell for 2-dimensional surface optical reflectance during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:044101. [PMID: 32357721 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR signal was recorded from electrodes made of polycrystalline Al, Au(111), and Pt(100) single crystals. The changes can be followed at a video rate acquisition frequency of 200 Hz and demonstrate a strong contrast between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Good correlation between the 2D-SOR signal and the anodization conditions or the cyclic voltammetry current is also observed. The power of this approach is discussed, with a focus on applications in various fields of electrochemistry. The combination of 2D-SOR with other techniques, as well as its spatial resolution and sensitivity, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Linpé
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G S Harlow
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - A Larsson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Abbondanza
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Rämisch
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S Pfaff
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Zetterberg
- Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Evertsson
- Hydro Extruded Solutions AB Innovation & Technology, Finspång, Sweden
| | - E Lundgren
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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28
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Li Y, Liu ZF. Solvated proton and the origin of the high onset overpotential in the oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22226-22235. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For the hydrogenation of O atoms on Pt(111), protonation can be bypassed by hydrolysis as the electrode potential rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute
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29
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Jacobse L, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Atomic-Scale Identification of the Electrochemical Roughening of Platinum. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1920-1928. [PMID: 31893221 PMCID: PMC6935890 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrode degradation under oxidizing conditions is a major drawback for large-scale applications of platinum electrocatalysts. Subjecting Pt(111) to oxidation-reduction cycles is known to lead to the growth of nanoislands. We study this phenomenon using a combination of simultaneous in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the formed islands, deriving the (evolution of the) average island growth shape. From the island shapes, we determine the densities of atomic-scale defect sites, e.g., steps and facets, which show an excellent correlation with the different voltammetric hydrogen adsorption peaks. Based on this combination of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and CV data, we derive a detailed atomistic picture of the nanoisland evolution during potential cycling, delivering new insights into the initial stages of platinum electrode degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- DESY
NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron
DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel J. Rost
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Rost MJ, Jacobse L, Koper MTM. The dualism between adatom- and vacancy-based single crystal growth models. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5233. [PMID: 31748552 PMCID: PMC6868172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In homoepitaxial crystal growth, four basic growth morphologies (idealized growth modes) have been established that describe the deposition of atoms on single crystal surfaces: step-flow, layer-by-layer, mound formation, and random/self-affine growth. Mound formation leads to nano-scale surface patterning. However, the formation of (nano)-islands, patterns, and roughness occurs also during ion bombardment, electrochemical etching and oxidation/reduction cycling. Here we show, in analogy to many particle/anti-particle formalisms in physics, the existence of the dualism between individual adatom and single vacancy growth modes. We predict that all standard adatom growth modes do exist also in their counter, vacancy version. For the particular case of mound formation, we derive the theoretical equations and show the inverse similarity of the solution. We furthermore treat simultaneous growth by adatoms and vacancies, and derive the analytical solution of the growth shape evolution of the mounds. Finally, we present an experimental verification, in which both adatom and vacancy mound formation are active. The theoretically predicted mound shape nicely fits the experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel J Rost
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon Jacobse
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Sandbeck DJS, Brummel O, Mayrhofer KJJ, Libuda J, Katsounaros I, Cherevko S. Dissolution of Platinum Single Crystals in Acidic Medium. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2997-3003. [PMID: 31603611 PMCID: PMC6899853 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platinum single crystal basal planes consisting of Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(110) and reference polycrystalline platinum Pt(poly) were subjected to various potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical treatments in 0.1 M HClO4 . Using the scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SFC-ICP-MS) the transient dissolution was detected on-line. Clear trends in dissolution onset potentials and quantities emerged which can be related to the differences in the crystal plane surface structure energies and coordination. Pt(111) is observed to have a higher dissolution onset potential while the generalized trend in dissolution rates and quantities was found to be Pt(110)>P(100)≈Pt(poly)>Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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32
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Dionigi F, Weber CC, Primbs M, Gocyla M, Bonastre AM, Spöri C, Schmies H, Hornberger E, Kühl S, Drnec J, Heggen M, Sharman J, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Strasser P. Controlling Near-Surface Ni Composition in Octahedral PtNi(Mo) Nanoparticles by Mo Doping for a Highly Active Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6876-6885. [PMID: 31510752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report and study the translation of exceptionally high catalytic oxygen electroreduction activities of molybdenum-doped octahedrally shaped PtNi(Mo) nanoparticles from conventional thin-film rotating disk electrode screenings (3.43 ± 0.35 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 VRHE) to membrane electrode assembly (MEA)-based single fuel cell tests with sustained Pt mass activities of 0.45 A mgPt-1 at 0.9 Vcell, one of the highest ever reported performances for advanced shaped Pt alloys in real devices. Scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (STEM-EDX) reveals that Mo preferentially occupies the Pt-rich edges and vertices of the element-anisotropic octahedral PtNi particles. Furthermore, by combining in situ wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and STEM-EDX elemental mapping with electrochemical measurements, we finally succeeded to realize high Ni retention in activated PtNiMo nanoparticles even after prolonged potential-cycling stability tests. Stability losses at the anodic potential limits were mainly attributed to the loss of the octahedral particle shape. Extending the anodic potential limits of the tests to the Pt oxidation region induced detectable Ni losses and structural changes. Our study shows on an atomic level how Mo adatoms on the surface impact the Ni surface composition, which, in turn, gives rise to the exceptionally high experimental catalytic ORR reactivity and calls for strategies on how to preserve this particular surface composition to arrive at performance stabilities comparable with state-of-the-art spherical dealloyed Pt core-shell catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dionigi
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - C Cesar Weber
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - M Primbs
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - M Gocyla
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - A Martinez Bonastre
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre , Blount's Court , Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH , United Kingdom
| | - C Spöri
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - H Schmies
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - E Hornberger
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - S Kühl
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - J Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, Cedex F-38043 Grenoble , France
| | - M Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - J Sharman
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre , Blount's Court , Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH , United Kingdom
| | - R Edward Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - P Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712 , South Korea
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33
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Magnussen OM, Groß A. Toward an Atomic-Scale Understanding of Electrochemical Interface Structure and Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4777-4790. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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35
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Zinola CF. Carbon monoxide oxidation assisted by interfacial oxygen-water layers. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-04190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Asset T, Gommes CJ, Drnec J, Bordet P, Chattot R, Martens I, Nelayah J, Job N, Maillard F, Dubau L. Disentangling the Degradation Pathways of Highly Defective PtNi/C Nanostructures – An Operando Wide and Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Asset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Cedric J. Gommes
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- AMPEL, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), UMR 7162 CNRS & Université Paris-Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 4 rue Elsa Morante, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Job
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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HOSHI N, NAKAMURA M. Elucidation of Activity Enhancement Factors for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum and Palladium Single Crystal Electrodes. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.18-h0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nagahiro HOSHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
| | - Masashi NAKAMURA
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University
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38
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Escudero-Escribano M, Pedersen AF, Ulrikkeholm ET, Jensen KD, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Active-Phase Formation and Stability of Gd/Pt(111) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:12280-12290. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Anders F. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elisabeth T. Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin H. Hansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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39
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Minguzzi A, Montagna L, Falqui A, Vertova A, Rondinini S, Ghigna P. Dynamics of oxide growth on Pt nanoparticles electrodes in the presence of competing halides by operando energy dispersive X-Ray absorption spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Khalakhan I, Choukourov A, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Matolínová I, Matolín V. In situ electrochemical AFM monitoring of the potential-dependent deterioration of platinum catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 187:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Jacobse L, Huang YF, Koper MTM, Rost MJ. Correlation of surface site formation to nanoisland growth in the electrochemical roughening of Pt(111). NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:277-282. [PMID: 29434306 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-017-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Platinum plays a central role in a variety of electrochemical devices and its practical use depends on the prevention of electrode degradation. However, understanding the underlying atomic processes under conditions of repeated oxidation and reduction inducing irreversible surface structure changes has proved challenging. Here, we examine the correlation between the evolution of the electrochemical signal of Pt(111) and its surface roughening by simultaneously performing cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM). We identify a 'nucleation and early growth' regime of nanoisland formation, and a 'late growth' regime after island coalescence, which continues up to at least 170 cycles. The correlation analysis shows that each step site that is created in the 'late growth' regime contributes equally strongly to both the electrochemical and the roughness evolution. In contrast, in the 'nucleation and early growth' regime, created step sites contribute to the roughness, but not to the electrochemical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel J Rost
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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42
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Sugimura F, Sakai N, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Ikeda K, Sakai T, Hoshi N. In situ observation of Pt oxides on the low index planes of Pt using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:27570-27579. [PMID: 28980691 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ vibrational spectra of Pt oxides that cannot be measured with IR spectroscopy have been studied on the low index planes of Pt using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy with bare Au nanoparticles (NPSERS). Two bands appear around 570 and 340 cm-1 at higher potentials in 0.1 M HClO4 saturated with Ar, which are assigned to the stretching vibration of Pt-O(H) and the libration vibration of Pt-O, respectively. NPSERS spectra are measured in O2 saturated solution for the first time. The band intensities of Pt-O(H) and Pt-O in O2 saturated solution are enhanced significantly compared with those in Ar saturated solution. The onset potentials of Pt-O and Pt-O(H) formation are 1.15 V(RHE) on Pt(100) and 1.2 V(RHE) on Pt(111) and Pt(110). The onset potential of Pt-O and Pt-O(H) and band shape differ from the results obtained using shell isolated surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). The Pt-O and Pt-O(H) band intensities are normalized using COad as an internal standard. The Pt-O(H) band intensity depends on surface structures as Pt(110) < Pt(111) ≪ Pt(100), whereas the Pt-O band gives a different intensity order for Pt(111) and Pt(110) as Pt(111) ≤ Pt(110) ≪ Pt(100) in O2 saturated solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Sugimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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43
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Drnec J, Ruge M, Reikowski F, Rahn B, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Pt oxide and oxygen reduction at Pt(111) studied by surface X-ray diffraction. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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44
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Ruge M, Drnec J, Rahn B, Reikowski F, Harrington DA, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Structural Reorganization of Pt(111) Electrodes by Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4532-4539. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruge
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Björn Rahn
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A. Harrington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Felici
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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