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Barranger A, Klopp C, Le Bot B, Saramito G, Dupont L, Llopis S, Wiegand C, Binet F. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of pesticide tolerance in the Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworm. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120945. [PMID: 36572272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution of the environment by pesticides has become a major soil threat to non-target organisms, such as earthworms for which declines have been reported. However some endogeic species are still abundant and persist in intensively cultivated fields, suggesting they become tolerant to long-term anthropogenic pressure. We thus considered the working hypothesis that populations of Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworms from conventionally managed fields developed a tolerance to pesticides compared with those from organically managed fields. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied earthworm populations of the same genetic lineage from soils that were either lowly or highly contaminated by pesticides to detect any constitutive expression of differentially expressed molecular pathways between these populations. Earthworm populations were then experimentally exposed to a fungicide-epoxiconazole-in the laboratory to identify different molecular responses when newly exposed to a pesticide. State-of-the-art omics technology (RNA sequencing) and bioinformatics were used to characterize molecular mechanisms of tolerance in a non-targeted way. Additional physiological traits (respirometry, growth, bioaccumulation) were monitored to assess tolerance at higher levels of biological organization. In the present study, we generated the de novo assembly transcriptome of A. caliginosa consisting of 64,556 contigs with N50 = 2862 pb. In total, 43,569 Gene Ontology terms were identified for 21,593 annotated sequences under the three main ontologies (biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions). Overall, we revealed that two same lineage populations of A. caliginosa earthworms, inhabiting similar pedo-climatic environment, have distinct gene expression pathways after they long-lived in differently managed agricultural soils with a contrasted pesticide exposure history for more than 22 years. The main difference was observed regarding metabolism, with upregulated pathways linked to proteolytic activities and the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the highly exposed population. This study improves our understanding of the long-term impact of chronic exposure of soil engineers to pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Klopp
- UR INRAE 875 MIAT, GENOTOUL, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gaëlle Saramito
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lise Dupont
- Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 94010, Créteil, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Llopis
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Binet
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Université de Rennes1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
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Narváez C, Sabat P, Sanchez-Hernandez JC. Synergistic effects of pesticides and environmental variables on earthworm standard metabolic rate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109404. [PMID: 35788402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Endogeic earthworms such as Aporrectodea caliginosa play an essential role in the agroecosystems because of their continuous burrowing and feeding (geophagous) activity, which causes a profound impact on soil texture, organic matter decomposition, soil carbon storage, microbial activity, soil biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. Accordingly, endogeic earthworms are being proposed as suitable candidates for the ecotoxicity assessment of polluted soils. However, terrestrial ecotoxicology has little considered the interactive effects from pollutants and environmental variables (temperature, moisture). We acclimatized A. caliginosa for 90 days to two contrasting temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C) and moistures (25 % and 35 %, w/v) in soils contaminated with 20 mg kg-1 of chlorpyrifos to examine how these two climate change drivers may modulate the pesticide toxicity. We measured the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activities as indicators of organophosphorus exposure, the standard metabolic rate as an integrative physiological biomarker, and the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) both as indicators of oxidative stress. The main results were: i) chlorpyrifos strongly inhibited ChE activity (>75 % of controls), demonstrating earthworm bioavailability and acute toxicity at the test concentration; 2) a 50 % mortality and loss of body weight (49 %) were found in the earthworms exposed to the most severe environmental conditions (20 °C, 25 %, and pesticide); 3) this latter experimental group displayed a high SMR, which was concomitant with an increase of the oxidative balance index (TBARS/TAC). We postulated that earthworms acclimatized to stressing environmental conditions experienced a higher pesticide-induced metabolic cost and physiological challenges imposed by adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Narváez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile; Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile. https://twitter.com/@sabatkirkwood
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Han Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Xu S, Chen D, Liu JN, Xie W. Microplastics exposure causes oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis in planarian Dugesia japonica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28973-28983. [PMID: 34994935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Planarians are widely used as water quality indicator species to provide early warning of harmful pollution in aquatic ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics on freshwater planarians remains poorly investigated. Here we simulated waterborne microplastic exposure in the natural environments to examine the effect on the antioxidant defense system and microbiota in Dugesia japonica. The results showed that exposure to microplastics significantly changed the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase, indicating that microplastic exposure induces oxidative stress in planarians. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that exposure to microplastics altered the diversity, abundance, and composition of planarian microbiota community. At phylum level, the relative abundance of the dominant phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes changed significantly after microplastic exposure. At genus level, the abundance of dominant genera also changed significantly, including Curvibacter and unclassified Chitinophagales. Predictive functional analysis showed that the microbiota of microplastic-exposed planarians exhibited an enrichment in genes related to fatty acid metabolism. Overall, these results showed that microplastics can cause oxidative stress and microbiota dysbiosis in planarians, indicating that planarians can serve as an indicator species for microplastic pollution in freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Han
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang745000, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong Area, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Central Blood Station of Qingyang, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang745000, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong Area, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Shujuan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang745000, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong Area, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Delai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Longdong University, Qingyang745000, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration in Longdong Area, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
| | - Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenguang Xie
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
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Trigui S, Hackenberger DK, Kovačević M, Stjepanović N, Palijan G, Kallel A, Hackenberger BK. Effects of olive mill waste (OMW) contaminated soil on biochemical biomarkers and reproduction of Dendrobaena veneta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24956-24967. [PMID: 34837620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil industry is economically important in Mediterranean countries. Disposal of olive mill waste (OMW) presents an environmental concern in those countries due to its high salinity and its high level of polyphenols. In order to reuse OMW, those properties have to change either through the filtration process and addition of adsorbents or by composting. One of the most important organisms in composting of organic wastes is earthworms. However, data on the effects of OMW on earthworms are scarce. The main aim of our study was to investigate whether OMW contaminated soil (OMW CS) causes adverse effects on molecular and organism level in epigeic earthworm Dendrobaena veneta and on microbiological activity. Changes of measured biochemical biomarkers (AChE, CAT, GST, lipids, MDA) varied depending on the quantity of added OMW CS and the exposure duration. Oxidative stress occurred after 7 days of exposure, while in most cases enzyme activity recovered after 28 days. At the highest ratio of contaminated soil (50%), reproduction was completely inhibited. The second aim was to investigate the impact of earthworms on phenol degradation and microbial activity, indicating an important role in the bioremediation of contaminated soils. Our results show that above a certain quantity an OMW CS has an adverse effect on earthworms, while the impact of earthworms on soil microbial activity was positive but transient. Yet, as the results also imply that earthworms have an impact on phenol degradation, they can be used to help remediation of OMW CS and its subsequent usage in agriculture. However, the quantity of OMW CS that can be safely added should be determined first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salsabil Trigui
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Marija Kovačević
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stjepanović
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Goran Palijan
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Amjad Kallel
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Chang X, Sun Y, Zhao L, Li X, Yang S, Weng L, Li Y. Exposure to fomesafen alters the gut microbiota and the physiology of the earthworm Pheretima guillelmi. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131290. [PMID: 34198065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of herbicide fomesafen plays a crucial role in ensuring global soybean productivity in modern agriculture, but it results in both adverse effects on soil ecosystems and phytotoxicity to succeeding crops. Soil pollution due to herbicides has raised much concern worldwide. However, there has been little investigations concerning their effects on soil fauna, especially on the gut microbial communities of earthworms. In this study, the soil endogeic earthworm Pheretima guillelmi was incubated for 20 days in natural and fomesafen-polluted soils to investigate the effects of the herbicide on gut bacterial microbiota and the earthworm's physiological indices, including energy resource (protein) and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD) of earthworms in the soil ecosystem. A significantly different and smaller microbial community was presented in the earthworm's gut compared with the cast and the surrounding soil, with exposure to fomesafen further reducing the bacterial diversity and altering the gut community composition. This was observed as significant changes in the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as well as the genera Bacillus, Microvirga, Blastococcus, Nocardioides, and Gaiella. Moreover, exposure to fomesafen reduced earthworms' energy resources and activated the antioxidant system, with both effects being significantly correlated with the gut microbial diversity. These findings unravel the fact that exposure to the herbicide fomesafen may affect non-target soil fauna via changes in their microbiota and physiological indices, thereby contributing new knowledge regarding the adverse impacts of fomesafen on the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Chang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Side Yang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yongtao Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, MARA / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Tianjin, 300191, China; College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Majumder AK, Al Nayeem A, Islam M, Akter MM, Carter WS. Critical Review of Lead Pollution in Bangladesh. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210902. [PMID: 34434594 PMCID: PMC8383795 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.31.210902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) poses a severe threat to human health and the environment. Worldwide Pb production and consumption have significantly increased along with unplanned industrialization and urbanization, lead smelting, and lead-acid battery processing. The improper management of Pb-containing elements is responsible for Pb pollution. Lead's persistence in nature and bioaccumulation in the food chain can lead to adverse health impacts. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to describe Pb contaminated sites in Bangladesh and Pb concentration in the atmosphere, water, sediments, soil, vegetables, fish, and other foods in Bangladesh. METHODS The present study searched a total of 128 peer-reviewed articles based on a predefined set of criteria (keywords, peer-reviewed journals, and indexing in Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Bangladesh Journals Online (BanglaJOL) and exclusion criteria (predatory journal and absence of full text in English) and finally selected 63 articles (58 research articles and five (5) reports). The relevant findings on Pb exposure, sources, routes, diet, and impacts in Bangladesh were combined and presented. RESULTS The reviewed studies identified 175 Pb contaminated sites through soil sample assessment in Bangladesh. The study determined Pb concentrations in air (0.09-376.58 μg/m3, mean 21.31 μg/m3), river water (0.0009-18.7 mg/l, mean 1.07 mg/l), river sediments (4.9-69.75 mg/kg, mean 32.08 mg/kg), fish (0.018-30.8 mg/kg, mean 5.01 mg/kg), soil (7.3-445 mg/kg, mean 90.34 mg/kg), vegetables (0.2-22.09 mg/kg, mean 4.33 mg/kg) and diet items (0.001-413.9 mg/kg, mean 43.22 mg/kg) of which 38.8%, 27.8%, 54.5%, 68.8%, 9.7% and 100% of samples, respectively, exceeded related World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Bangladesh Standard Testing Institution (BSTI) guidelines. The present study found that industrial soils are severely polluted with Pb (7.3-445 mg/kg) in Bangladesh. A high Pb concentration has been found in fish muscle and foods, including leafy and non-leafy vegetables collected from different places in Bangladesh. CONCLUSIONS Lead-contaminated foods can enter the human body through dietary intake and consequently lead to long-term adverse health effects. This study may help policymakers to formulate national policies with effective mitigation plans to combat the adverse health impacts of Pb in Bangladesh. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder
- Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Nayeem
- Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Islam
- Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mahadi Akter
- Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh
| | - William S. Carter
- Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS), Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh
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Dai W, Holmstrup M, Slotsbo S, Ke X, Li Z, Gao M, Wu L. Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan, Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43638-43645. [PMID: 32737783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut and remaining body parts were studied by exposing animals to laboratory-spiked soil. The survival, growth, and reproduction of F. candida were significantly reduced by increasing soil Pb concentration. The LC50 values of survival based on total and CaCl2-extractable Pb concentration in soil were 2562 mg kg-1 and 351 mg kg-1, respectively. The EC50 values of reproduction were 1244 mg kg-1 and 48 mg kg-1, respectively. The Pb concentration in whole body, gut, and remaining body parts was significantly increased with the increase of soil Pb concentration and followed an exponential increase when the soil Pb concentration was equal to or above a threshold (1000 mg kg-1 for whole body and remaining body part, 500 mg kg-1 for gut). Below this threshold, these relationships were linear. The Pb concentration in the gut was higher than whole body and remaining body part of F. candida, and the threshold of internal Pb concentration at which F. candida can compensate was in the range 7-13 mg Pb kg-1 dry animal (corresponding to soil Pb concentration 500-1000 mg Pb kg-1 dry soil). The results indicate that reproduction of F. candida was a more sensitive indicator of lead toxicity than survival and growth. Pb was mainly accumulated in the gut of F. candida. We discuss the internal Pb concentration as an indicator of adverse effects in the risk assessment of soil Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Li X, Wang M, Jiang R, Zheng L, Chen W. Evaluation of joint toxicity of heavy metals and herbicide mixtures in soils to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 94:137-146. [PMID: 32563477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that a simplified and robust approach to evaluating thecombined effects of chemical mixtures is critical for ecological risk assessment (ERA) of contaminated soil. The earthworm (Eisenia fetida) was used as a model to study the combined effects of polymetallic contamination and the herbicide siduron in field soil using a microcosm experiment. The responses of multiple biomarkers, including the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glycogen, soluble protein (SP), malonaldehyde (MDA), and metallothionein (MT), and the neutral red uptake test (NRU), were investigated. Multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spearman's Rank Correlations analysis (BVSTEP) revealed that the activities of AChE and CAT and the NRU content were the prognostic biomarkers capturing the minimum data set of all the variables. Internal Cd (tissue Cd) in earthworms was closely related to the health status of worms under combined contamination of heavy metals and siduron. The integrated effect (Emix) calculated based on the activities of AChE and CAT and NRU content using the stress index method had significantly linear regression with internal Cd (p<0.01). Emix(10), Emix(20), and Emix(50) were then calculated, at 1.27, 1.63 and 2.71 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. It could be concluded that a bioassay-based approach incorporating multivariate analysis and internal dose was pragmatic and applicable to evaluating combined effects of chemical mixtures in soils under the guidance of the top-down evaluation concept of combined toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhou D. Effects of tetracycline on the relationship between the microbial community and oxidative stress in earthworms based on canonical correlation analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103342. [PMID: 32035326 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Eisenia fetida was taken as the test organism and tetracycline was taken as the stress compound. The artificial soil test was conducted to study the utilization intensity of different carbon sources (the Biolog-microplate supplied) by microorganisms under different stress times and stress concentrations. The changes in the in vivo key enzymes activities of earthworms and oxidative stress indicators, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), were explored. The canonical correlation analysis method was the first used to establish a analysis-model to explore the relationship between the functional diversity of microbial community and the oxidative stress in earthworms in vivo under different stress times and concentrations. Research shows: 1) after tetracycline stress, in the earthworm, the CAT, POD, SOD, GPX were related to the microbes that use carbohydrate carbon sources; the GST and AChE were related to the microbes that use polymer carbon sources; the MDA was related to the microbes that use carbon sources: amino acid, carboxylic acid and phenolic acid. 2) Under low concentrations of tetracycline stress, there was no significant relationship between the functional diversity of the microbial communities and the effects of oxidative stress at this concentration. The high concentration of tetracycline can be utilized to screen probiotics that alleviate the effects of oxidative stress. 3) The utilization of carbon sources by microbial community in the earthworm after stress can be used as biomarker of ecotoxicology. It provides a basic theoretical for adding beneficial carbon sources to combat oxidative damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Zhou
- Northeast Agricultural University, Wood Street No.59, 150030, Harbin, PR China.
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Wang K, Qiao Y, Li H, Huang C. Use of integrated biomarker response for studying the resistance strategy of the earthworm Metaphire californica in Cd-contaminated field soils in Hunan Province, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114056. [PMID: 32041026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research was conducted to study the response and detoxification mechanisms of earthworms collected from Cd-contaminated areas in Hunan Province, South China. Metaphire californica, the dominant earthworm species in fields, referred as earthworm-A and -B that collected from low- (0.81 mg kg-1) and high-Cd soil (13.3 mg kg-1), respectively, for exchanging incubation in laboratory. The results showed that earthworm-A gradually accumulated higher Cd when exposed in the high-Cd soil, whereas Cd concentration of earthworm-B decreased after being transferred to low-Cd soil (albeit BAFCd >20). The integrated biomarker response index was calculated with the biomarkers of antioxidant systems (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and energy index (e.g., protein and glycogen) in M. californica. GSH, GPx, and GST contributed the most to the integrated biomarker response (IBR) in earthworm-A when exposed in high-Cd soil for 14 d. Earthworm-B responded with higher GST and GPx activities and decreased protein content in low-Cd soil. For 28 d, the response of earthworm-A was not evident in either low- or high-Cd soil, and the inductive effect of metal stress on earthworm-B tended to be stable, except for the higher MDA content (p < 0.05) when exposed in low-Cd soil. The IBR index of earthworm-B (2.93 and 3.40) in low- and high-Cd soil, respectively, was higher than that of earthworm-A (0.89 and 1.0). Overall, earthworm-A exhibited a detoxification process to resist high-Cd toxicity from low-to high-Cd soil. Earthworm-B exhibited a physiological resilience once its habitat had changed to a normal or low-Cd soil environment, possibly owing to the cost of its resistance adaptation to the historical highly contaminated soil in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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11
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Light Pollution Changes the Toxicological Effects of Cadmium on Microbial Community Structure and Function Associated with Leaf Litter Decomposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020422. [PMID: 31936535 PMCID: PMC7014219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN/A) can not only alter the behavior and communication of biological organisms, it can also interact with other stressors. Despite its widespread use and the numerous potential ecological effects, little is known about the impact of ALAN on plant litter decomposition under cadmium (Cd) pollution in aquatic ecosystems. In an indoor microcosm experiment, we tested single and combined effects of ALAN and Cd on the activities and community structure of fungi associated with plant litter. The results showed that ALAN and/or Cd can change both water and leaf litter characteristics. ALAN exposure not only altered fungal community structure and their correlations, but also increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase. The leaf litter decomposition rate was 71% higher in the A-Cd treatment than that in the N-Cd treatment, indicating that the presence of ALAN weakened the negative impact of Cd on leaf litter decomposition. These results suggested that ALAN exposure mitigated the negative effect of Cd on leaf litter decomposition, contributing to the duel effect of ALAN on leaf litter decomposition. Overall, the results expand our understanding of ALAN on the environment and highlight the contribution of ALAN to Cd toxicity in aquatic ecosystems.
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12
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Świątek ZM, Bednarska AJ. Energy reserves and respiration rate in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after exposure to zinc in nanoparticle or ionic form. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24933-24945. [PMID: 31243653 PMCID: PMC6689315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy budget is an indicator of an organism's overall condition. Changes in energy reserves and/or energy consumption have been used as biomarkers of toxic stress. To understand the effects of different forms and concentrations of Zn and the costs of effective Zn regulation by the earthworm Eisenia andrei, we performed a toxicokinetic experiment in which individuals were sampled over time to determine the available energy reserves (total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content), energy consumption (measured at the cellular level and as the whole-animal respiration rate), and internal Zn concentration. The earthworms were exposed to ZnCl2 or zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in Lufa 2.2 soil for 21 days (contamination phase), followed by 14 days of elimination in clean soil (decontamination phase). Carbohydrates were the only energy reserves with significantly lower levels following ZnO-NP 1000 treatment than following other treatments (p ≤ 0.00001) in the contamination phase. The total available energy reserves and protein content did not differ among treatments, but a significant effect of exposure time was observed (p ≤ 0.0001). Exposure to Zn (both ions and NPs) increased energy consumption at the cellular level, reflecting the high energy demand of the stress response. The results indicated that E. andrei can regulate internal Zn concentrations efficiently, regardless of form or concentration, without considerable impact on energy reserves or respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Świątek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061343. [PMID: 30884876 PMCID: PMC6471329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide that can cause a series of biological and ecological effects, yet little is known about its potential interaction with other stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we tested whether the impact of lead (Pb) on litter decomposition was altered by ALAN exposure using an indoor microcosm experiment. The results showed that ALAN exposure alone significantly increased leaf litter decomposition, decreased the lignin content of leaf litter, and altered fungal community composition and structure. The decomposition rate was 51% higher in Pb with ALAN exposure treatments than in Pb without ALAN treatments, resulting in increased microbial biomass, β-glucosidase (β-G) activity, and the enhanced correlation between β-G and litter decomposition rate. These results indicate that the negative effect of Pb on leaf litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems may be alleviated by ALAN. In addition, ALAN exposure also alters the correlation among fungi associated with leaf litter decomposition. In summary, this study expands our understanding of Pb toxicity on litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems and highlights the importance of considering ALAN when assessing environmental metal pollutions.
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Wang K, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Yue S, Li H, Ji X, Liu L. Influence of metal-contamination on distribution in subcellular fractions of the earthworm (Metaphire californica) from Hunan Province, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 73:127-137. [PMID: 30290861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the ability to accumulate of heavy metals, however, there was few studies that addressed the metals in earthworm at subcellular levels in fields. The distributions of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris, and granules) of earthworm Metaphire californica were investigated. The relationship between soil metals and earthworms were analyzed to explain its high plasticity to inhabit in situ contaminated soil of Hunan Province, south China. The concentration of Cd in subcellular compartments showed the same pattern as Cu in the order of cytosol > debris > granules. The distribution of Zn and Pb in earthworms indicated a similar propensity for different subcellular fractions that ranked as granules > debris > cytosol for Zn, and granules > cytosol > debris for Pb. The internal metal concentrations in earthworms increased with the soil metals (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between soil Cd and Cd concentrations in cytosol and debris (p<0.01). Moreover, the soil Pb concentration significantly influenced the Pb concentrations in cytosol and debris (p<0.01), similar to that of Cd. The soil Cu concentrations was only associated with the Cu in granules (p<0.05). Soil Zn concentrations correlated with the Zn concentrations in each subcellular fraction (p<0.05). Our results provide insights into the variations of metals partitioning in earthworms at subcellular levels and the relationships of soil metals, which could be one of the detoxification strategies to adapt the long-term contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
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15
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Jiang D, Yan S. Effects of Cd, Zn, or Pb Stress in Populus alba berolinensis on the Antioxidant, Detoxifying, and Digestive Enzymes of Lymantria dispar. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1323-1328. [PMID: 29878092 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For investigating the physiological responses of herbivores to the heavy metal-stressed woody host plants, the activities of antioxidant, detoxifying, and digestive enzymes in the gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar, that were fed with different heavy metal-stressed poplar seedling (Populus alba berolinensis) leaves were studied. The heavy metal treatments included Cd-treated pot soil (1.5 mg/kg), Zn-treated pot soil (500 mg/kg), and Pb-treated pot soil (500 mg/kg), plus an untreated pot soil as the control. Our results showed that compared with the untreated control, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in Cd or Zn treatment group were gradually suppressed with the increases of larval ages, but Pb treatment had no significant effects on SOD activities and significantly increased the CAT activities in both fourth and fifth instar larvae; acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were gradually activated and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities were gradually inhibited with the increases of larval ages in Cd or Pb treatment group, but Zn treatment significantly increased the activities of ACP and AKP both in fourth and in fifth instar larvae. All three heavy metals tested did not show any significant effects on the amylase and protease activity in the fourth instar larvae but increased their activities in fifth instar larvae. These results suggest that antioxidant, detoxifying, and digestive enzymes constituted the basic defense system for gypsy moth larvae to resist the toxicity originated from the accumulated Cd, Zn, or Pb in poplar leaves, but their defense level varied with metals investigated and larval developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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16
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Jiang D, Dong XW, Yan SC. Heavy Metal Accumulation/Excretion in and Food Utilization of Lymantria dispar Larvae Fed With Zn- or Pb-Stressed Populus alba berolinensis Leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1329-1336. [PMID: 29924308 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contaminations have attracted increasing concern worldwide due to their potential damages to the whole ecosystem. This study investigated the heavy metal-accumulation and excretion in, and food utilization of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae that were fed with leaves plucked from poplar seedlings (Populus alba berolinensis) grown in either noncontaminated soil (control), Zn-contaminated soil (500mg/kg), or Pb-contaminated soil (500mg/kg). Our results showed that excretion of heavy metals via insect feces and exuvia is an effective approach to reduce the internal Zn and Pb concentrations, and result in the decrease of Zn and Pb concentrations in the gypsy moth larvae with the increased larval age. In addition, the gypsy moth larvae seemed to have a strong homeostatic adjustment mechanism [between approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD)] that maintains a stable level of "efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI)" regardless of heavy metal (Zn or Pb) contaminations or not, except the fifth instar larvae in which the increase in AD was insufficient to compensate for the decrease of ECD. These results suggest that heavy metal excretions could help the gypsy moth larvae cope with Zn or Pb stress, and the increased digestion of food could meet their energy requirements for both detoxification and growth. However, further increase in Zn or Pb exposure time seemed to inhibit the larval food utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Dong
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan-Chun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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17
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Li X, Wang M, Chen W, Uwizeyimana H. Ecological risk assessment of polymetallic sites using weight of evidence approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:255-262. [PMID: 29476975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of polymetallic contamination in soils has caused extensive solicitude. However, objective and feasible methods suitable for soil ERA are limited. Therefore, in this study, a multidisciplinary and quantitative weight of evidence approach (WOE) specific to soil ecosystems was developed based on the previous WOE for aquatic ecosystems. The framework consisted of four lines of evidence (LOEs): DTPA-extractable heavy metal in soils, bioaccumulation in earthworms, integration of biomarker responses and expected community effect (multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction, msPAF). These four LOEs were initially evaluated by each hazard quotient (HQ) of them based on the ratio to the reference (RTR) of each parameter. Then, Environmental risk index (EnvRI) integrated by HQs with different weights was calculated. At last, three sites, one for reference (N1) and two for contaminated soils (N2 and N3) were chosen to apply the modified WOE approach. Results showed that heavily contaminated site, N3 had higher HQ classification for each LOE and its EnvRI was classified as Major levels, while the EnvRI of N2 was assigned into Moderate. What's more, HQ of biomarker response (HQbiomarker) integrated by RTRs of biomarkers increased gradiently with the increase of heavy metal levels in soils though irregular changes were observed for most of those biomarkers. Overall, our results indicated that the quantitative WOE framework specific to soil ERA had the advantage of obtaining a comprehensive and objective risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Herman Uwizeyimana
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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18
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Sun Y, Qi P, Cang T, Wang Z, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L, Xu X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhao C. High-throughput multipesticides residue analysis in earthworms by the improvement of purification method: Development and application of magnetic Fe3
O4
-SiO2
nanoparticles based dispersive solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2419-2431. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- College of Agriculture; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qi
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Tao Cang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- College of Agriculture; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Agriculture; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin P. R. China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Changshan Zhao
- College of Agriculture; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin P. R. China
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19
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Marchand L, Brunel-Muguet S, Lamy I, Mench M, Pelosi C. Modulation of trace element bioavailability for two earthworm species after biochar amendment into a contaminated technosol. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1378-1391. [PMID: 29022159 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are used as amendments to improve soil quality, but their effects on edaphic organisms such as earthworms remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the effects of adding a poultry manure-derived biochar into a contaminated technosol on trace element (TE) (i.e. As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) bioavailability for two earthworm species, Aporrectodea icterica and Aporrectodea longa. Three components of the bioavailability concept were determined using a pot experiment: (1) total soil TE (potentially reactive) and TE concentrations in the soil pore water (environmental availability), (2) TE concentrations in depurated whole earthworm bodies (environmental bioavailability) and (3) ecophysiological and biochemical effects on earthworms (toxicological bioavailability). Biochar addition increased TE concentrations in the soil pore water respectively from 1.8, 2.7, 9.4, 0.7 and 959 to 6, 6.2, 19.3, 6.9, and 3003 µg L-1 for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Biochar addition did not influence TE environmental bioavailability for earthworms, except a decreased As concentration (32.5 to 15.2 µg g-1) in A. icterica. This suggests an inter-specific variability in As homeostasis in the Aporrectodea genus. In line with this internal As decrease, the Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity decreased by 42% and protein and lipid contents slightly increased (14 and 25%, respectively) in A. icterica tissues. The body weight of both earthworm species decreased for the biochar-amended soil. Environmental TE availability depended on both the biochar addition and the earthworm activity in the contaminated soil, while environmental and toxicological bioavailabilities resulted from the earthworm species, the targeted TE and biochar supply to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Lamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France
| | - Michel Mench
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Celine Pelosi
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, 78026, France
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Hale B, Gopalapillai Y, Pellegrino A, Jennett T, Kikkert J, Lau W, Schlekat C, McLaughlin MJ. Validation of site-specific soil Ni toxicity thresholds with independent ecotoxicity and biogeochemistry data for elevated soil Ni. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:165-172. [PMID: 28800485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Existing Substances Regulation Risk Assessments by the European Union (EU RA) generated new toxicity data for soil organisms exposed to Ni added to sixteen field-collected soils with low background concentration of metals and varying physico-chemical soil characteristics. Using only effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) as a bioavailability correction, chronic toxicity of Ni in soils with a wide range of characteristics could be predicted within a factor of two. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this was also the case for three independent data sets of Ni toxicity thresholds. Two of the data sets were from Community Based Risk Assessments in Port Colborne ON, and Sudbury ON (Canada) for soils containing elevated concentrations of Ni, Co and Cu arising from many decades of Ni mining, smelting and refining. The third data set was the Metals in Asia study of soluble Ni added to field soils in China. These data yielded 72 leached and aged EC10/NOEC values for soil Ni, for arthropods, higher plants and woodlot structure and function. These were reduced to nine most sensitive single or geometric mean species/function endpoints, none of which were lower than the HC5 predicted for a soil with an eCEC of 20 cmol/kg. Most of these leached and aged EC10/NOEC values were from soils co-contaminated with Cu, in some cases at its median HC5 as predicted by the EU RA from soil characteristics. We conclude that the EU RA is protective of Ni toxicity to higher-tier ecological endpoints, including in mixture with Cu, before the assessment factor of 2 is applied. We suggest that for prospective risk assessment, the bioavailability based PNEC (HC5/2) be used as a conservative screen, but for retrospective and site-specific risk assessment, the bioavailability based HC5 is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Yamini Gopalapillai
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Amanda Pellegrino
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Tyson Jennett
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Julie Kikkert
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Wilson Lau
- School of Environmental Sciences, 50 Stone Road East, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Christian Schlekat
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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Vlahović M, Matić D, Mutić J, Trifković J, Đurđić S, Perić Mataruga V. Influence of dietary cadmium exposure on fitness traits and its accumulation (with an overview on trace elements) in Lymantria dispar larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 200:27-33. [PMID: 28602909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation and excretion of heavy metals in insects is only partially clarified. We have investigated cadmium accumulation in the feces, head and integument of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae exposed to chronic dietary intake of cadmium. The aim of the experiment was to establish modalities of metal accumulation, primarily cadmium, as well as changes in fitness traits in two insect populations receiving 50 or 100μgCd/g dry food. The egg-masses originated from two localities: a protected nature reserve (unpolluted population) and an area near a busy highway (polluted population) in Serbia. At both added dietary levels cadmium concentration was highest in feces. Small alterations in metal concentrations after both cadmium treatments were detected in the integument. It was established that irrespective of population origin, the modality of decline of larval mass and relative growth rate (RGR) was similar. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in the integument were approximately the same regardless of dietary cadmium intake. However, cadmium accumulation in the examined tissues, as well as variability of fitness traits depended on population origin and cadmium concentration. In larvae from both populations not given contaminated food the head was the organ with the greatest accumulation of trace elements. Our results reveal how invasive phytophagous insects cope with high metal concentrations in their food by body mass (RGR) reduction and energy allocation towards processes that enable accumulation of cadmium and other trace elements in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vlahović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Matić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Trifković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić Mataruga
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Beaumelle L, Hedde M, Vandenbulcke F, Lamy I. Relationships between metal compartmentalization and biomarkers in earthworms exposed to field-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:185-194. [PMID: 28284548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning tissue metal concentration into subcellular compartments reflecting toxicologically available pools may provide good descriptors of the toxicological effects of metals on organisms. Here we investigated the relationships between internal compartmentalization of Cd, Pb and Zn and biomarker responses in a model soil organism: the earthworm. The aim of this study was to identify metal fractions reflecting the toxic pressure in an endogeic, naturally occurring earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa) exposed to realistic field-contaminated soils. After a 21 days exposure experiment to 31 field-contaminated soils, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in earthworms and in three subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris and granules) were quantified. Different biomarkers were measured: the expression of a metallothionein gene (mt), the activity of catalase (CAT) and of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and the protein, lipid and glycogen reserves. Biomarkers were further combined into an integrated biomarker index (IBR). The subcellular fractionation provided better predictors of biomarkers than the total internal contents hence supporting its use when assessing toxicological bioavailability of metals to earthworms. The most soluble internal pools of metals were not always the best predictors of biomarker responses. metallothionein expression responded to increasing concentrations of Cd in the insoluble fraction (debris + granules). Protein and glycogen contents were also mainly related to Cd and Pb in the insoluble fraction. On the other hand, GST activity was better explained by Pb in the cytosolic fraction. CAT activity and lipid contents variations were not related to metal subcellular distribution. The IBR was best explained by both soluble and insoluble fractions of Pb and Cd. This study further extends the scope of mt expression as a robust and specific biomarker in an ecologically representative earthworm species exposed to field-contaminated soils. The genetic lineage of the individuals, assessed by DNA barcoding with cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, did not influence mt expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Beaumelle
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Mickaël Hedde
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France.
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23
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Harangozo Ľ, Lazor P, Kopernická M, Trebichalský P, Musilová J, Árvay J, Bajčan D. Copper content in cereals grown in the model condition. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cereals in Slovakia but also worldwide is increasing by every year. From 30000 to 50000 tons of mercury circulates thought the biosphere that gets into the atmosphere degassing of the earth's crust and world oceans. Trace element as copper is one of the most efficient antioxidants in the body, often referred to as an element of beauty. It acts as a powerful catalyst for many enzymes and vitamins, through which already small amounts affects many activities in the body (strengthens immunity, reduces levels of histamine). It accumulates in the barley, beans, cucumber, nuts or milk and so on. The aim of our work was the evaluation of transfer of mercury from sludge to edible part of chosen cereals. The objectives were achieved in simulated conditions of growing pot experiment. We used agricultural soil from the location of Výčapy - Opatovce for the realization of the experiment. The sludge, which was added at various doses, was taken from Central Spiš area from locality of Rudňany near the village where minedironore that contains mainly cooper and mercury during last few decades was. We used three types of cereals: barley (Hordeum sativum L.) variety PRESTIGE, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ISJARISSA and oat (Avena sativa L.) variety TATRAN. The length of growing season was 90 days. From the obtained results of two years can be concluded that the accumulation of cooper by seed follows barley ˂ oat ˂ wheat. Even though that the barley is characterized by the highest accumulation of cooper in the seeds, the content did not exceed the maximum level specified by The Codex Alimentarius of the Slovak Republic (CA SR). The results shows that the suitable cultivation of the cereals in localities, which are contaminated with heavy metals, especially by cooper, that the high content of cooper in soil do not pose a risk of accumulation of the metal into the cereal grain.
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24
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Mirmonsef H, Hornum HD, Jensen J, Holmstrup M. Effects of an aged copper contamination on distribution of earthworms, reproduction and cocoon hatchability. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:267-275. [PMID: 27750094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated soil is a problem throughout the industrialized world, and a significant proportion of these sites are polluted with heavy metals such as copper. Ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites requires ecotoxicological studies with spiked soils as well as in-situ ecological observations. Here, we report laboratory and field assessment of copper toxicity for earthworms at a Danish site (Hygum) exclusively contaminated with an increasing gradient in copper from background to highly toxic levels (>1000mgkg-1 dry soil). More specifically, we report effects on field populations, body contents of copper, hatching of earthworm cocoons and reproduction of the common species Aporrectodea tuberculata. Abundance of earthworms and cocoons decreased significantly from about 400-150m-2 along the gradient as the soil copper concentration increased from ca. 50 to ca. 1000mgkg-1. At lower concentrations, the population was dominated by endogeic species, whereas at high concentrations the population was dominated by epigeic species. At high copper contents the internal concentration of copper was in the range 100-160mgkg-1 dry tissue. Despite the high internal copper contents, hatchability of field collected cocoons was not impaired in any species. The EC50 reproduction value of A. tuberculata was about 220mg copper kg-1 dry soil in the first two exposure periods, but nearly doubled in the third period suggesting that an acclimation response had occurred. Also in the laboratory reproduction test, cocoon hatchability was not reduced, but rather slightly stimulated by copper. Based on these results we discuss the possibility that acute exposure in laboratory experiments is more detrimental than exposure in a field situation, perhaps because increased tolerance may be acquired through natural selection and genetic adaptation through increased use of defense mechanisms such as metallothioneins. Further, we discuss that the rather high tissue copper level of earthworms from the Hygum site may have smaller effects in these free-ranging worms than it would have in acute-exposure laboratory tests because the copper is more efficiently sequestered and detoxified in the field situation where populations have been exposed for many generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mirmonsef
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Section for Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hornum
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Section for Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - John Jensen
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Section for Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Section for Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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25
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Beaumelle L, Vile D, Lamy I, Vandenbulcke F, Gimbert F, Hedde M. A structural equation model of soil metal bioavailability to earthworms: confronting causal theory and observations using a laboratory exposure to field-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:961-972. [PMID: 27378153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural equation models (SEM) are increasingly used in ecology as multivariate analysis that can represent theoretical variables and address complex sets of hypotheses. Here we demonstrate the interest of SEM in ecotoxicology, more precisely to test the three-step concept of metal bioavailability to earthworms. The SEM modeled the three-step causal chain between environmental availability, environmental bioavailability and toxicological bioavailability. In the model, each step is an unmeasured (latent) variable reflected by several observed variables. In an exposure experiment designed specifically to test this SEM for Cd, Pb and Zn, Aporrectodea caliginosa was exposed to 31 agricultural field-contaminated soils. Chemical and biological measurements used included CaC12-extractable metal concentrations in soils, free ion concentration in soil solution as predicted by a geochemical model, dissolved metal concentration as predicted by a semi-mechanistic model, internal metal concentrations in total earthworms and in subcellular fractions, and several biomarkers. The observations verified the causal definition of Cd and Pb bioavailability in the SEM, but not for Zn. Several indicators consistently reflected the hypothetical causal definition and could thus be pertinent measurements of Cd and Pb bioavailability to earthworm in field-contaminated soils. SEM highlights that the metals present in the soil solution and easily extractable are not the main source of available metals for earthworms. This study further highlights SEM as a powerful tool that can handle natural ecosystem complexity, thus participating to the paradigm change in ecotoxicology from a bottom-up to a top-down approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Beaumelle
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Denis Vile
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 759 LEPSE, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- LGCgE-Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Lille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Hedde
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026 Versailles, France
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26
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Gomes SIL, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Effect of Cu and Ni on cellular energy allocation in Enchytraeus albidus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1523-1530. [PMID: 27582176 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of nickel and copper on Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) were investigated using the cellular energy allocation approach. This methodology is used to evaluate the energetic status of an organism and is indicative of its overall condition. Enchytraeids were exposed to the reproduction Effect Concentrations (EC50 and EC90), and the parameters measured were the total energy reserves available (protein, carbohydrate and lipid budgets) and the energy consumption [based on electron transport system activity] which were further integrated to obtain the cellular energy allocation over different periods of exposure (0-2, 2-4 and 4-8 days). Carbohydrates (in comparison to lipids and proteins) were the only energy source mobilized in the case of nickel within 8 days of exposure. For copper exposure, protein budgets were also strongly reduced. Energy consumption increased in a time and dose-dependent way for copper and in the longer exposure period (4-8 days) at the EC90 for Ni exposure, indicating that this is a good biomarker for effects of short-time metal exposure, while cellular energy allocation was only significantly reduced for the EC90 of copper (4-8 days) and EC50 of nickel (2-4 days). The effects of nickel at concentrations causing 50 and 90 % decrease in reproduction were likely not due to the changes in cellular energy allocation within 8 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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27
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Velez C, Freitas R, Antunes SC, Soares AMVM, Figueira E. Clams sensitivity towards As and Hg: A comprehensive assessment of native and exotic species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 125:43-54. [PMID: 26655232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess the environmental impact of As and Hg, bioindicator organisms such as bivalves have been used. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the impacts of As and Hg in Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum, which are native and exotic species in Europe, respectively. The main goal of the present study was to assess elements' partitioning and detoxification strategies of R. decussatus and R. philippinarum. Both clams showed a higher capacity to bioconcentrate Hg (BCF 2.29-7.49), when compared to As (0.59-1.09). Furthermore, As accumulation in both species was similar in the soluble and insoluble fractions, while in both species the majority of Hg was found in the insoluble fraction. Clams exposed to As showed different detoxification strategies, since R. decussatus had higher ability to enhance antioxidant enzymes and metallothioneins in order to reduce toxicity, and R.philippinarum increased glutathione S-transferase Ω activity, that catalyzes monomethyl arsenate reduction, the rate-limiting reaction in arsenic biotransformation. When exposed to Hg, R. decussatus presented, higher synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and lower LPO, being able to better tolerate Hg than the exotic species R. philippinarum. Thus under relevant levels of As and Hg contamination our work evidenced the higher ability of R. decussatus to survive and inhabit coastal environments not heavily contaminated by Hg and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Velez
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, 450-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Pelosi C, Lebrun M, Beaumelle L, Cheviron N, Delarue G, Nélieu S. Sublethal effects of epoxiconazole on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3053-3061. [PMID: 26081777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms play a key role in agroecosystem soil processes. This study aims to assess the effects of different doses of a commercial formulation of epoxiconazole (Opus®), a persistent and widely used fungicide, on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. A laboratory study was conducted in a natural soil in order to measure effects of Opus® on earthworm mortality, uptake, weight gain, enzymatic activities (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase), and energy resources (lipids and glycogens). The estimated LC50 was 45.5 mg kg(-1), or 268 times the recommended dose. Weight gains were 28, 19, and 13% of the initial weight after 28 days of exposure in the control and D1 and D10 (1 and 10 times the recommended dose) treatments, respectively. No difference was observed for catalase activity between the three treatments, at 7, 14, or 28 days. The glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity was two times as high in D1 as in D0 at 14 days. At 28 days, glycogen concentration was lower in D10 than in the D1 treatment. This study highlighted moderate sublethal effects of the commercial formulation Opus® for earthworms. Considering that these effects were observed on a species found in cultivated fields, even at recommended rates, much more attention should be paid to this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelosi
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France.
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - M Lebrun
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - L Beaumelle
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - N Cheviron
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Plateforme Biochem-Env, INRA, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
| | - G Delarue
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Nélieu
- INRA, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026, Versailles cedex, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1402 ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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29
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Al Sayegh Petkovšek S, Kopušar N, Tome D, Kryštufek B. Risk assessment of metals and PAHs for receptor organisms in differently polluted areas in Slovenia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:404-414. [PMID: 26086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples from receptor organisms (small mammals, passerine birds) and their food sources (herbaceous plants, leaves and fruits of wood plants, earthworms) were collected during 2011-2014 from the vicinity of a former lead smelter, from the vicinity of the largest Slovenian thermal power plant, from along a state road and also from a reference area. The samples were then analysed to determine the degree of contamination with the metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Mo) and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study provides the first data on metal and PAH exposure to small mammals and passerine birds in southeast Europe, focussing on the transfer of metals and PAHs through the food chain and on risk assessment for differently polluted areas in Slovenia. The results indicate that: (i) earthworms and herbaceous plants (especially roots) can be a source of metal exposure for organisms higher in the food chain; (ii) a risk from Pb and Cd (HQ > 1) in the vicinity of the former lead smelter exists for Myodes glareolus feeding in part on roots and for Apodemus flavicollis and Parus major feeding in part on earthworms; and (iii) mean Pb and Cd concentrations in the liver of small mammal species inhabiting the vicinity of the lead smelter reach effect concentrations in a significant proportion of the specimens (Pb: 40%, Cd: 67%); (iv) the results for P. major confirm that the study area is exposed to Pb, Cd, Hg; (v) metals contribute the major part of the total risk for receptor organisms from vicinity of lead smelter. On the contrary, the risk of PAHs for small mammals trapped close to the state road is insignificant. We can summarize, that the hazards experienced by the local ecosystem due to metal exposure may persist for decades in the vicinity of large emission sources (especially smelters).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Kopušar
- ERICo Velenje, Ecological Research & Industrial Cooperation, Koroška 58, SI-3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Davorin Tome
- The National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Kryštufek
- Natural History Museum of Slovenia, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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30
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Mustonen M, Haimi J, Väisänen A, Knott KE. Metallothionein gene expression differs in earthworm populations with different exposure history. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1732-1743. [PMID: 25179588 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metals are persistent pollutants in soils that can harm soil organisms and decrease species diversity. Animals can cope with metal contamination with the help of metallothioneins, small metal-binding proteins involved in homeostasis and detoxification of metals. We studied the expression of metallothionein with qPCR in a small, epigeic earthworm, Dendrobaena octaedra. We compared expression patterns and metal body content in earthworms collected from two sites with different metal contamination histories: Harjavalta, contaminated by a Cu-Ni smelter operational for over 50 years, and Jyväskylä, an uncontaminated site. Earthworms from both sites were also experimentally exposed to different concentrations of Cu (control, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) or Zn (control, 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg) for 7, 14 or 28 days to determine if there is a time related dose-response in gene expression. Population comparison showed that metallothionein expression was higher in earthworms from the contaminated site. In the exposure experiment, exposure time affected expression, but only in the earthworms from the uncontaminated site, suggesting that there is a delay in the metallothionein response of earthworms in this population. In contrast, earthworms from the contaminated site showed higher and constant levels of metallothionein expression at all exposure concentrations and durations. The constant metallothionein expression in earthworms from the contaminated site suggests that inducibility of metallothionein response could be lost in earthworms with metal exposure history. Adaptation of D. octaedra to metal exposure could explain the differences between the populations and explain the persistence of this species in contaminated forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mustonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland,
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31
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Givaudan N, Binet F, Le Bot B, Wiegand C. Earthworm tolerance to residual agricultural pesticide contamination: field and experimental assessment of detoxification capabilities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:9-18. [PMID: 24874794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates if acclimatization to residual pesticide contamination in agricultural soils is reflected in detoxification, antioxidant enzyme activities and energy budget of earthworms. Five fields within a joint agricultural area exhibited different chemical and farming histories from conventional cultivation to organic pasture. Soil multiresidual pesticide analysis revealed up to 9 molecules including atrazine up to 2.4 ng g(-1) dry soil. Exposure history of endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica modified their responses to pesticides. In the field, activities of soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST) and catalase increased with soil pesticide contamination in A. caliginosa. Pesticide stress was reflected in depletion of energy reserves in A. chlorotica. Acute exposure of pre-adapted and naïve A. caliginosa to pesticides (fungicide Opus(®), 0.1 μg active ingredient epoxiconazole g(-1) dry soil, RoundUp Flash(®), 2.5 μg active ingredient glyphosate g(-1) dry soil, and their mixture), revealed that environmental pre-exposure accelerated activation of the detoxification enzyme sGST towards epoxiconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Givaudan
- University Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 265 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Françoise Binet
- University Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 265 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France; EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France; Inserm, UMR 1085, IRSET, LERES, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- University Rennes 1, UMR CNRS ECOBIO 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, 265 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), 5 Boulevard Laënnec, 35000 Rennes, France; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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32
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Beaumelle L, Lamy I, Cheviron N, Hedde M. Is there a relationship between earthworm energy reserves and metal availability after exposure to field-contaminated soils? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 191:182-189. [PMID: 24852409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Generic biomarkers are needed to assess environmental risks in metal polluted soils. We assessed the strength of the relationship between earthworm energy reserves and metal availability under conditions of cocktail of metals at low doses and large range of soil parameters. Aporrectodea caliginosa was exposed in laboratory to a panel of soils differing in Cd, Pb and Zn total and available (CaCl2 and EDTA-extractable) concentrations, and in soil texture, pH, CEC and organic-C. Glycogen, protein and lipid contents were recorded in exposed worms. Glycogen contents were not linked to the explaining variables considered. Variable selection identified CaCl2 extractable metals concentrations and soil texture as the main factors affecting protein and lipid contents. The results showed opposite effects of Pb and Zn, high inter-individual variability of biomarkers and weak relationships with easily extractable metals. Our results support the lack of genericity of energy reserves in earthworms exposed to field-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mickaël Hedde
- INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.
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Qiu H, Peijnenburg WJGM, van Gestel CAM, Vijver MG. Can commonly measurable traits explain differences in metal accumulation and toxicity in earthworm species? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:21-32. [PMID: 24193403 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is no clear consensus in the literature on the metal accumulation pattern and sensitivity of different earthworm species. In the present study, accumulation and toxicity of Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus (epigeic), Aporrectodea longa (anecic), and Eisenia fetida (ultra-epigeic) were determined after 28 days exposure in two soils. Metal accumulation and sensitivity were interpreted using the specific traits of different earthworm species. Results showed that for all four metals tested L. rubellus was the most sensitive species, followed by A. longa and E. fetida. At the same exposure concentration, internal concentrations followed the order: L. rubellus > E. fetida > A. longa for Cu and Ni, L. rubellus ≈ E. fetida ≈ A. longa for Cd, and L. rubellus > A. longa > E. fetida for Zn. Langmuir isotherms were used to model metal accumulation at both nontoxic and toxic exposure concentrations. The Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations in E. fetida generally leveled off at high exposure concentrations but not for the other two species. A. longa showed a high capability of regulating internal Ni concentrations. The traits-based approaches suggested that most likely a group of earthworm traits together determined (differences in) metal accumulation and sensitivity. More research is needed in this respect to build up solid relationships between species-specific responses and traits, enabling cross-species extrapolation of accumulation and toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Vellinger C, Gismondi E, Felten V, Rousselle P, Mehennaoui K, Parant M, Usseglio-Polatera P. Single and combined effects of cadmium and arsenate in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda): understanding the links between physiological and behavioural responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 140-141:106-116. [PMID: 23770824 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the individual and interactive effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (AsV) in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) through the use of several biomarkers. Individuals were exposed for 240 h to two concentrations of AsV or Cd alone, and all the possible binary mixtures of these concentrations of AsV and Cd in a complete factorial design. The pattern of the biomarkers' responses to Cd and AsV alone or in mixture was similar in Gammarus pulex, even if the response intensity varied depending on the tested conditions. G. pulex responded to contamination with increased mobilization of the detoxification systems [i.e. γ-glutamyl-cystein ligase activity (GCL), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and metallothionein concentrations (MT)]. This response seems to imply changes in energy reserve utilization (total lipids and proteins are used prior to glycogen reserves), but also a possible energy reallocation from locomotion to detoxification processes. The observed increase in lipid peroxidation could be relied to the increasing gammarid mortality, despite the higher mobilization of detoxification systems. Even if the outcome of the complex interactions between AsV and Cd remains difficult to unravel, such studies are critically important for better assessing the effects of stressors on organisms, populations and communities in a multi-contamination context of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vellinger
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine - Metz, France.
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Bednarska AJ, Stachowicz I, Kuriańska L. Energy reserves and accumulation of metals in the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus from two metal-polluted gradients. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:390-8. [PMID: 22669565 PMCID: PMC3536969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Living in an area chronically polluted with metals is usually associated with changes in the energy distribution in organisms due to increased energy expenses associated with detoxification and excretion processes. These expenses may be reflected in the available energy resources, such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. In this context, the energy status of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) was studied in two metal pollution gradients near Olkusz and Miateczko Śląskie in southern Poland. Both regions are rich in metal ores, and the two largest Polish zinc smelters have been operating there since the 1970s. Beetles were collected from five sites at each gradient. Zinc and cadmium concentrations were measured in both the soil and the beetles. The possible reduction in energy reserves as a cost of detoxifying assimilated metals was evaluated biochemically by determining the total lipid, carbohydrates, and protein contents. At the most polluted sites, the Zn concentration in the soil organic layer reached 2,906 mg/kg, and the Cd concentration reached 55 mg/kg. Body Zn and Cd concentrations increased with increasing soil Zn and Cd concentrations (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, no relationship between pollution level and energetic reserves was found. The results suggest that populations of P. oblongopunctatus inhabiting highly metal-polluted sites are able to survive without any serious impact on their energy reserves, though they obviously have to cope with elevated body metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Novais SC, Soares AMVM, De Coen W, Amorim MJB. Exposure of Enchytraeus albidus to Cd and Zn - changes in cellular energy allocation (CEA) and linkage to transcriptional, enzymatic and reproductive effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1305-1309. [PMID: 23062832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular energy allocation (CEA) is a measure of the energy status of an organism. The effects of Cd and Zn (reproduction EC(50)s and EC(90)s) on the total energy budget of Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) were assessed through CEA determination, over periods of time from 0 to 8 d. Results showed reduction on the energy reserves for both metals after 2 d exposure. Lipids were the first reserves to be used and carbohydrates were reduced exclusively after Cd exposure. Electron transport system (ETS) activities were enhanced, suggesting increased metabolism and higher energy requirements for metal detoxification. This was supported by previous results at transcription level, where an up-regulation of genes involved in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was verified. Additionally, the reduction of CEA may be related with the decrease on the reproductive output. These results showed the relevance of integrating various endpoints, which enabled an overview of various processes and to unravel mechanisms of action of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Novais
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Novais SC, Arrais J, Lopes P, Vandenbrouck T, De Coen W, Roelofs D, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Enchytraeus albidus microarray: enrichment, design, annotation and database (EnchyBASE). PLoS One 2012; 7:e34266. [PMID: 22558086 PMCID: PMC3338728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) is an ecologically relevant species used as standard test organisms for risk assessment. Effects of stressors in this species are commonly determined at the population level using reproduction and survival as endpoints. The assessment of transcriptomic responses can be very useful e.g. to understand underlying mechanisms of toxicity with gene expression fingerprinting. In the present paper the following is being addressed: 1) development of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries enriched for differentially expressed genes after metal and pesticide exposures; 2) sequencing and characterization of all generated cDNA inserts; 3) development of a publicly available genomic database on E. albidus. A total of 2100 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were isolated, sequenced and assembled into 1124 clusters (947 singletons and 177 contigs). From these sequences, 41% matched known proteins in GenBank (BLASTX, e-value ≤ 10(-5)) and 37% had at least one Gene Ontology (GO) term assigned. In total, 5.5% of the sequences were assigned to a metabolic pathway, based on KEGG. With this new sequencing information, an Agilent custom oligonucleotide microarray was designed, representing a potential tool for transcriptomic studies. EnchyBASE (http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/enchybase/) was developed as a web freely available database containing genomic information on E. albidus and will be further extended in the near future for other enchytraeid species. The database so far includes all ESTs generated for E. albidus from three cDNA libraries. This information can be downloaded and applied in functional genomics and transcription studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Novais
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Joel Arrais
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics (DETI), Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics (DETI), Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tine Vandenbrouck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - E.B.T., Groenenborgerlaan, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim De Coen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology - E.B.T., Groenenborgerlaan, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dick Roelofs
- VU University Amsterdam, Institute of Ecological Sciences, De Boelelaan, The Netherlands
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Mrdakovic Popic J, Salbu B, Skipperud L. Ecological transfer of radionuclides and metals to free-living earthworm species in natural habitats rich in NORM. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:167-176. [PMID: 22115612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of radionuclides ((232)Th and (238)U) and associated metals (As, Cd, Pb and Cr) from soil to free-living earthworm species was investigated in a thorium ((232)Th) rich area in Norway. Sampling took place within former mining sites representing the technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM), at undisturbed site with unique bedrock geology representing the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and at site outside the (232)Th rich area taken as reference Background site. Soil analysis revealed the elevated levels of investigated elements at NORM and TENORM sites. Based on sequential extraction, uranium ((238)U) and cadmium (Cd) were quite mobile, while the other elements were strongly associated with mineral components of soil. Four investigated earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Dendrodrilus rubidus and Lumbricus rubellus) showed large individual variability in the accumulation of radionuclides and metals. Differences in uptake by epigeic and endogeic species, as well as differences within same species from the NORM, TENORM and Background sites were also seen. Based on total concentrations in soil, the transfer factors (TF) were in ranges 0.03-0.08 and 0.09-0.25, for (232)Th and (238)U, respectively. TFs for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) were low (less than 0.5), while TFs for Cd were higher (about 10). Using the ERICA tool, the estimated radiation exposure dose rate of the earthworms ranged from 2.2 to 3.9 μGy/h. The radiological risk for investigated earthworms was low (0.28). The obtained results demonstrated that free-living earthworm species can survive in soil containing elevated (232)Th and (238)U, as well As, Cd, Pb and Cr levels, although certain amount of radionuclides was accumulated within their bodies. The present investigation contributes to general better understanding of complex soil-to-biota transfer processes of radionuclides and metals and to assessment of risk for non-human species in the ecosystem with multiple contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mrdakovic Popic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Steffensen SK, Pedersen HA, Labouriau R, Mortensen AG, Laursen B, de Troiani RM, Noellemeyer EJ, Janovska D, Stavelikova H, Taberner A, Christophersen C, Fomsgaard IS. Variation of polyphenols and betaines in aerial parts of young, field-grown Amaranthus genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:12073-12082. [PMID: 22007946 DOI: 10.1021/jf202969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus mantegazzianus are commonly cultivated and the entire young fresh plants consumed as vegetables in regions of Africa and Asia. A. hybridus and A. mantegazzianus were cultivated at four sites in three climate regions of the world: Santa Rosa, Argentina; Lleida, Spain; and Prague and Olomouc, both in the Czech Republic. The contents of flavonoids (isoquercitrin, rutin, nicotiflorin), hydroxybenzoic acids (protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid), hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid), hydroxycinnamyl amides (N-trans-feruloyltyramine, N-trans-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine), and betaines (glycinebetaine, trigonelline) were determined. The variation in phytochemical content due to species and cultivation site was analyzed utilizing the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and graphical model (GM). The Argentinean samples differed from the three other locations due to higher contents of most compounds. The samples from Spain and the Czech Republic differed from each other in the content of the negatively correlated metabolites trigonelline and the flavonoids. The two amaranth species were separated primarily by a higher content of trigonelline and the two hydroxycinnamyl amides in A. mantegazzianus. The GM showed that the quantities of the different analytes within each compound group were intercorrelated except in the case of the betaines. The betaines carried no information on each other that was not given through correlations with other compounds. The hydroxycinnamic acids were a key group of compounds in this analysis as they separated the other groups from each other (i.e., carried information on all of the other groups). This study showed the contents of polyphenols and betaines in the aerial parts of vegetable amaranth to be very dependent on growth conditions, but also revealed that some of the compounds (trigonelline and the two hydroxycinnamyl amides) may be useful as features of a taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Krogh Steffensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fisker KV, Sørensen JG, Holmstrup M. No costs on freeze tolerance in genetically copper adapted earthworm populations (Dendrobaena octaedra). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:204-7. [PMID: 21651991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For nearly three centuries the area around Gusum, in south-east Sweden, has been highly polluted with copper. An earlier study in this area showed that populations of the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra were genetically adapted to copper. Apparently, no life-history costs to reproduction or growth were imposed by this adaptation. In the present paper we therefore investigated how laboratory raised F1-generations of these populations coped when exposed to increased copper concentrations in the soil and to sub-zero temperatures. We found that D. octaedra from polluted sites accumulated the same amount of copper as reference worms. Furthermore, earthworms from polluted sites survived equally to reference worms when exposed to freezing temperatures (-8 or -12°C). However, when simultaneously exposed to the lowest temperature and copper, the worms from polluted sites survived significantly better than reference worms. The overall conclusion of this study is that worms from polluted sites seem to be better at handling copper and accrue no costs in terms of reduced cold tolerance in connection to genetic adaptation in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vincents Fisker
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Fisker KV, Sørensen JG, Damgaard C, Pedersen KL, Holmstrup M. Genetic adaptation of earthworms to copper pollution: is adaptation associated with fitness costs in Dendrobaena octaedra? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:563-73. [PMID: 21336825 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to copper pollution affects reproduction, growth and survival of earthworms. It is known that earthworms can cope with high copper burdens, but the distinction between physiological acclimation and evolutionary heritable changes and associated fitness consequences of the adaption to long-term copper exposure has rarely been studied. To investigate adaptation of earthworm populations of Dendrobaena octaedra to copper contamination, three populations from polluted soil were studied and compared to three unpolluted reference sites. Adult worms were collected at all six sites and cultured in uncontaminated control soil in the laboratory, where life-history traits were studied and F1-generations were produced. The newly hatched F1-generation worms were placed in uncontaminated control or copper-spiked soil to study if the adaptation was due to acclimation or genetic inheritance. This experiment showed that populations from polluted areas generally had a higher individual growth rate, reduced time to maturity, increased reproduction, and also increased mortality compared to the reference populations in both control and copper-spiked soil. The differences in life-history traits indicate that natural selection has resulted in genetic adaptation to copper pollution in the exposed populations. The population growth rates suggest a weak detrimental effect on population growth rate of being exposed to copper for both type of populations, but no sign of cost. On the contrary, estimates of population growth rates integrating all life-history traits showed that copper adapted populations perform on average relatively better than reference populations in both uncontaminated and copper-spiked soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina V Fisker
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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