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Agarwal M, Roth K, Yang Z, Sharma R, Maddipati K, Westrick J, Petriello MC. Loss of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 modulates dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 126-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118492. [PMID: 38373550 PMCID: PMC11102846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Dioxin-like pollutants (DLPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB 126), are synthetic chemicals classified as persistent organic pollutants. They accumulate in adipose tissue and have been linked to cardiometabolic disorders, including fatty liver disease. The toxicity of these compounds is associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), leading to the induction of phase I metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4501a1 (Cyp1a1) and the subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research has shown that DLPs can also induce the xenobiotic detoxification enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), which plays a role in metabolic homeostasis. We hypothesized whether genetic deletion of Fmo3 could protect mice, particularly in the liver, where Fmo3 is most inducible, against PCB 126 toxicity. To test this hypothesis, male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and Fmo3 knockout (Fmo3 KO) mice were exposed to PCB 126 or vehicle (safflower oil) during a 12-week study, at weeks 2 and 4. Various analyses were performed, including hepatic histology, RNA-sequencing, and quantitation of PCB 126 and F2-isoprostane concentrations. The results showed that PCB 126 exposure caused macro and microvesicular fat deposition in WT mice, but this macrovesicular fatty change was absent in Fmo3 KO mice. Moreover, at the pathway level, the hepatic oxidative stress response was significantly different between the two genotypes, with the induction of specific genes observed only in WT mice. Notably, the most abundant F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-15-keto PGE2, increased in WT mice in response to PCB 126 exposure. The study's findings also demonstrated that hepatic tissue concentrations of PCB 126 were higher in WT mice compared to Fmo3 KO mice. In summary, the absence of FMO3 in mice led to a distinctive response to dioxin-like pollutant exposure in the liver, likely due to alterations in lipid metabolism and storage, underscoring the complex interplay of genetic factors in the response to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Roth
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Krishnarao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomic Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Judy Westrick
- Department of Chemistry, Lumigen Instrumentation Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Bouchard KV, Costin GE. Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1256399. [PMID: 37886123 PMCID: PMC10598764 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.
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Rengelshausen J, Randerath I, Schettgen T, Esser A, Kaifie A, Lang J, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Ten years after: findings from the medical surveillance program on Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB (HELPcB). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2609-2623. [PMID: 37594590 PMCID: PMC10474999 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
After the detection of high environmental and occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a German recycling company for transformers and capacitors in 2010, the multidisciplinary medical surveillance program "HELPcB" (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to PCB) was established for former PCB-exposed workers of the company, their family members, employees of surrounding companies, and area residents to investigate potential adverse health effects by PCB exposure in a longitudinal study approach with up to seven examination time points between 2010 and 2019. More than 300 individuals were enrolled into the program. Assessments particularly included plasma and urine concentrations of PCB congeners and their metabolites, clinical laboratory parameters, Comet assay, analysis of telomere length, neuropsychological examinations, psychological screening, abdominal and thyroid ultrasound examination. This review summarizes the main results of the studies conducted in the HELPcB program yielding relevant new data on potential adverse effects of PCB exposure in humans and potential mechanisms that underlie these effects. Even larger studies in PCB-exposed individuals are warranted to confirm the results of this program and to further establish causality between PCB exposure and clinical effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rengelshausen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabella Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kaifie
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Lang
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Arabnezhad MR, Keshavarzi M, Davani-Davari D, Jamshidzadeh A, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. Influence of cellular redox environment on aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands induced melanogenesis. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105282. [PMID: 34856342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants, natural compounds, as well as endogenous chemicals exert their biological/toxicological effects by reacting with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Previous evidence shed new light on the role of AhR in skin physiology by regulating melanin production. In this study, we investigated the effect of oxidative imbalance induced by AhR ligands on the melanogenesis process in B16 murine melanoma cells. Exposure to 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ) or benzo-α-pyrene (BαP) led to enhanced expression of CTNNB1, MITF, and TYR genes following increased tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanin content in an AhR-dependent manner. Analysis of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio revealed that treatment with AhR ligands is associated with oxidative stress which can be ameliorated with NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). On the other hand, NAC and DPI enhanced melanogenesis induced by AhR ligands by reducing the level of ROS. We have shown for the first time that a cellular redox status is a critical event during AhR ligand-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Dorna Davani-Davari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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Cutaneous Malignancies in Tattoos, a Case Series of Six Patients. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4721-4737. [PMID: 34898571 PMCID: PMC8628776 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A variety of side effects following the tattooing of the skin were reported over the years. Analytical studies showed that some tattoo inks contain harmful compounds. Methods: We presented six patient cases with cutaneous malignancies in tattooed skin and performed an extensive literature research. Results: Two patients with black ink tattoos that were diagnosed with malignant melanoma raises the number of described cases to 36 patients. One of the patients developed an immunologic reaction limited to the tattoo area after treatment with a targeted immune therapy. In the other patient, the malignancy (malignant melanoma) was fatal. Basal cell carcinoma was seen in four patients with tattoos containing varying ink colors (black, green, red). This increased the number of described patient cases to 18. Although some ink components and their cleavage products have carcinogenic properties, epidemiological evidence for a causative correlation fails. Further epidemiologic studies on tattoos and malignancies, as well as on the appearance of naevi in tattoos, are necessary. Determining the type of mutation might be helpful to separate sun-induced tumors from skin cancers due to other pathogenic mechanisms.
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Leijs M, Fietkau K, Merk HF, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Esser A. Upregulation of CCL7, CCL20, CXCL2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 in Skin Samples of PCB Exposed Individuals-A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189711. [PMID: 34574641 PMCID: PMC8468641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well known immunotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. Although cutaneous symptoms are the hallmark of exposure to these compounds, exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well understood. We took skin biopsies from moderately high PCB exposed workers (n = 25) after an informed consent and investigated the expression of immunological markers such as CCL-7, CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9, EPGN and NRF2 by RT-qPCR, and compared expression levels with plasma PCB levels. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between CCL-20, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL-7 and MMP-9 and PCB serum levels. EPGN and NRF2 were not correlated to PCB levels in the blood. We found a significant correlation of genes involved in autoimmune, auto-inflammatory and carcinogenesis in skin samples of PCB exposed individuals with elevated plasma PCB levels. Confirmation of these findings needs to be performed in bigger study groups and larger gen-sets, including multiple housekeeping genes. Further study needs to be performed to see whether a chronical exposure to these and similar compounds can cause higher incidence of malignancies and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, St. Nikolaus Hospital Eupen, 4700 Eupen, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Hans F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (K.F.); (H.F.M.)
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; (T.S.); (T.K.); (A.E.)
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Bahraman AG, Jamshidzadeh A, Keshavarzi M, Arabnezhad MR, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Triggers Melanogenesis Via Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:153-160. [PMID: 33438493 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820987548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a group of natural pigments that determines the human skin color and provides fundamental protection against the harmful impacts of physical and chemical stimuli. The aim of this study was to establish the regulatory role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanogenesis. In the present study, following knockdown of AhR, murine B16F10 cells were treated with α-MSH (200 nM) and tyrosinase activities, cellular melanin content, mRNA levels of several important genes involved in melanogenesis including AhR, CTNNB1, TYR2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were measured as endpoints. Exposure to α-MSH led to elevated expression of AhR, CTNNB1, MITF, and TYR in accordance with increased tyrosinase enzyme activity as well as a significant rise in the total melanin content. Our results suggest that AhR plays a regulatory role in α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghaffarian Bahraman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.,Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi-Bardbori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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Simhadri JJ, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Murinova LP, Nunlee-Bland G, Koppe JG, Schoeters G, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Biomarkers of metabolic disorders and neurobehavioral diseases in a PCB- exposed population: What we learned and the implications for future research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110211. [PMID: 32937175 PMCID: PMC7658018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the original twelve classes of toxic chemicals covered by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP), an international environmental treaty signed in 2001. PCBs are present in the environment as mixtures of multiple isomers at different degree of chlorination. These compounds are manmade and possess useful industrial properties including extreme longevity under harsh conditions, heat absorbance, and the ability to form an oily liquid at room temperature that is useful for electrical utilities and in other industrial applications. They have been widely used for a wide range of industrial purposes over the decades. Despite a ban in production in 1979 in the US and many other countries, they remain persistent and ubiquitous in environment as contaminants due to their improper disposal. Humans, independent of where they live, are therefore exposed to PCBs, which are routinely found in random surveys of human and animal tissues. The prolonged exposures to PCBs have been associated with the development of different diseases and disorders, and they are classified as endocrine disruptors. Due to its ability to interact with thyroid hormone, metabolism and function, they are thought to be implicated in the global rise of obesity diabetes, and their potential toxicity for neurodevelopment and disorders, an example of gene by environmental interaction (GxE). The current review is primarily intended to summarize the evidence for the association of PCB exposures with increased risks for metabolic dysfunctions and neurobehavioral disorders. In particular, we present evidence of gene expression alterations in PCB-exposed populations to construct the underlying pathways that may lead to those diseases and disorders in course of life. We conclude the review with future perspectives on biomarker-based research to identify susceptible individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmai J Simhadri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gail Nunlee-Bland
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Janna G Koppe
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium & Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Kaifie A, Schettgen T, de Hoogd M, Kraus T, Esser A. Contamination pathways of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – From the worker to the family. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1109-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Shen C, Du H, Bao Y, He C, Wang C, Zuo Z. Bioassay system for the detection of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in waterborne pesticides using zebrafish cyp1a1 promoter-luciferase recombinant hepatic cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:61-68. [PMID: 30579175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently used pesticides are widely distributed in surface water. Most of them are harmful to aquatic animals. In the present study, a novel recombinant hepatic cell line was developed for detecting the activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, and their potential bio-toxicity to aquatic animals was evaluated. First, HepG2 cells were stably transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid containing a zebrafish (Danio rerio) cyp1a1 promoter with twelve copies of dioxin-responsive elements. The minimal detection limit was a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentration of 0.3 ng/L (equivalent to 0.93 pM). The AhR agonist activity of thirty-seven pesticides was screened by measuring luciferase expression in the recombinant cells. Four pesticides (ipconazole, mepanipyrim, quinoxyfen and pencycuron) significantly induced luciferase expression. Additionally, cells treated with these four pesticides increased the cyp1a1 mRNA expression level, which further confirmed that they are AhR agonists. In conclusion, for the first time, we developed recombinant hepatic cells with a luciferase reporter plasmid containing a modified zebrafish cyp1a1 promoter. The cyp1a1 promoter luciferase reporter cells can be used as a sensitive and specific model to screen AhR agonists among currently used pesticides in water, which could be beneficial for risk assessment in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Hong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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11
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Liu T, Yang D, Mao J, Zhang X, Dong M. Carboxylated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent to Determine Eighteen Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Vegetable Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:4264738. [PMID: 31531262 PMCID: PMC6720675 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4264738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and reliable method based on dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for quantitating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in vegetable samples. Parameters affecting both the extraction yields and cleanup efficiency, including the type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, type and volume of cleanup sorbent, and cleanup time, were optimized. Matrix effects were evaluated, and matrix-matched calibration was recommended. Under the optimized conditions, carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), which exhibit excellent adsorption capabilities due to large surface area and unique structure, were employed as d-SPE sorbent to remove interfering substances, rather than the analytes, from vegetable samples. Satisfactory linear relationship was observed for all PCBs across a concentration range of 5-500 μg/kg with correlation coefficients no less than 0.9993. Four representative vegetables (cucumber, tomato, lettuce, and cabbage) were selected as matrices for method validation. Each matrix was spiked at concentrations of 5, 10, and 100 μg/kg to evaluate recoveries, which ranged from 84.5% to 116.5% with relative standard deviations (n=6) between 0.6% and 17.6%. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.3 to 1.4 μg/kg and 0.8 to 4.5 μg/kg, respectively. Twelve real vegetable samples were analyzed using the proposed method. Three of the target PCBs were detected in one lettuce sample with the total concentration of 17.9 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Jiangsu Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China
| | - Daifeng Yang
- Jiangsu Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Jiangsu Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Suzhou Agro-Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Minghui Dong
- Jiangsu Taihu Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 215155, China
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12
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Leijs MM, Esser A, Amann PM, Schettgen T, Heise R, Fietkau K, Gube M, Merk HF, Kraus T, Baron JM. Expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and IL-1β in PBMCs and skin samples of PCB exposed individuals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:1429-1438. [PMID: 30045523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well- known man-made persistent environmental pollutants and endocrine disruptors. As a result of mass production in the past, background levels of these compounds can be measured in human blood worldwide. In 2010 high internal levels of PCBs were discovered in workers of a transformer-recycling company in Germany. Our aim was to measure, whether the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and IL-1β is dysregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the exposed individuals (n = max 308). Further, we measured the regulation of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, AHRR (aromatic hydrocarbon receptor repressor) and IL-1β in skin samples of 25 workers with elevated plasma PCB levels using quantitative PCR (q-RT-PCR). We found a significant correlation between the regulation of IL-1β in skin samples and lipid adjusted PCB levels. In the PBMCs, the expression levels of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and IL-1β decreased over time with decreasing PCB plasma levels. The upregulation of the cytokine IL-1β in exposed individuals with higher PCB plasma levels warrants further investigation in order to examine its role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders and tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike M Leijs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp M Amann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, SLK Hospital Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Heise
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Fietkau
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Health Office of the city and area of Aachen, Trierer Straße 1, 52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans F Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens M Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Leijs MM, Koppe JG, Olie K, de Voogt P, van Aalderen WMC, Ten Tusscher GW. Exposure to Environmental Contaminants and Lung Function in Adolescents-Is There a Link? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071352. [PMID: 29954136 PMCID: PMC6069052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF)), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants (BDEs) are well known toxic environmental contaminants. Their possible role in the incidence of respiratory disease is not yet well understood. Previous studies showed a negative effect on lung function in relation to prenatal and lactational dioxin exposure in pre-pubertal children. Effects of BDE exposure on the lung function have not previously been evaluated. As part of a longitudinal cohort study, the effects of perinatal dioxin (PCDD/F) exposure and serum PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and BDE levels on lung function in adolescents were assessed using spirometry, a body box, and diffusion measurements. Thirty-three children (born between 1986 and 1991) consented to the current follow-up study. Prenatal, lactational, and current dioxin, PCB, and BDE concentrations were determined using GC-MS. No relationship was seen between prenatal and lactational dioxin exposure, nor with current PCB body burden, and lung function. Indications of increasing airway obstruction were seen in relation to increasing current BDE exposure. This is a novel finding and certainly warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike M Leijs
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Ecobaby Foundation, Hollandstraat 6, 3634 AT Loenersloot, The Netherlands.
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RTWH University Aachen, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Janna G Koppe
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Ecobaby Foundation, Hollandstraat 6, 3634 AT Loenersloot, The Netherlands.
| | - Kees Olie
- IBED/ESPM, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pim de Voogt
- IBED/ESPM, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim M C van Aalderen
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gavin W Ten Tusscher
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Westfriesgasthuis, Maelsonstraat 3, 1624 NP Hoorn, The Netherlands.
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